Numbers in parentheses indicate the percentage of scavenging or inhibition at the indicated concentrations.
Reactive oxygen species are organic or inorganic chemicals that contain an oxygen atom with an unpaired electron. This unstable electron configuration causes these chemicals to be highly reactive with other molecules.
A Study related to Cancer Chemoprevention.
A Study related to the toxicity of e.g. a Chemopreventive Agent.
Concentration required to double the specific activity of quinone reductase
Inhibition of the reactions brought about by dioxygen (O2) or peroxides. Usually the antioxidant is effective because it can itself be more easily oxidized than the substance protected. The term is often applied to components that can trap free radicals, thereby breaking the chain reaction that normally leads to extensive biological damage.
Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced superoxide anion radical generation in differentiated HL-60 cells (HL-60 assay). Numbers in parentheses indicate the percentage of scavenging or inhibition at the indicated concentrations.
An in-vivo bioassay the uses fractionation.
Virtual Screening refers to the technique of performing a Biomedical experiment entirely in a computer via computer simulation.
In chemistry, concentration is defined as the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture.
A Bioassay is a laboratory test or analysis of the biological activity of a substance (e.g. Chemopreventive agent) performed by studying its effect on an organism or in a test tube under controlled conditions. A Bioassay is part of an experiment that includes also other bioassays.
Metastasis is a complex series of steps in which cancer cells leave the original tumor site and migrate to other parts of the body via the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. Malignant cells break away from the primary tumor and attach to and degrade proteins that make up the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). By degrading these proteins, cancer cells are able to breach the ECM and escape. The body resists metastasis by a variety of mechanisms through the actions of a class of proteins known as metastasis suppressors. One of the critical events required is the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels growth of a new network of blood vessels (Angiogenesis).
A Study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.
A study is a collection of bioassays sharing a protocol
The Scientific workflow is a pipeline of connected components (in-silico tools, models) to perform an in silico experiment.
A Disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. The term is often used broadly to include injuries, disabilities, syndromes, symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function.
A biological target is a biopolymer such as a protein or nucleic acid whose activity can be modified by an external stimulus. A Chemopreventive agent has a Biological target in order to "hit" it and change its behavior in order to prevent a disease.
Cancer has many cancer types modeled by this class
An in vitro (Latin for within the glass) assay refers to the technique of performing an assay in a controlled environment outside of a living organism.
Measurement of oxygen radical absorbance capacity. One ORAC unit equals the net protection produced by 1 µM Trolox.
A printed or electronic work offered for distribution.
High-level concept to link related studies
A Natural Source is a substance found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or biological activity. A Chemopreventive agent may be contained into a Natural Source.
A Clinical trial is a research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. Interventions include but are not restricted to drugs, cells and other biological products, surgical procedures, radiologic procedures, devices, behavioral treatments, process-of-care changes, and preventive care.
A Pathways is a set or series of interactions, often forming a network, which biologists have found useful to group together for organizational, historic, biophysical, or other reasons. The Chemopreventive agent affects a Biological target in order to brake the series of interactions that leads to a Disease (i.e. cancer). Instances can come from any of the pathway databases. Instances should be indexed with those URI.
An in vivo bioassay based on mechanosms.
Any member of a class of edible, crystalline carbohydrates (mainly sucrose, lactose and fructose) characterised by a sweet flavour; a loose term applied to monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides and oligosaccharides, in contrast to complex carbohydrates such as polysaccharides.
A protocol is an information entity which is a set of instructions that describe how an Study is done.
e.g. NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (quinone reductase, QR) activity
Experimental factors are the variable aspect of an experiment design which can be used to describe an experiment, or set of experiments, in an increasingly detailed manner.
A Chemopreventive agent is a Molecule that has shown some evidence that it may be able to prevent or delay the development of a specific Disease (e.g. cancer) by interfering with a Biological target. For example - cancer chemopreventive agents are used to inhibit, delay, or reverse carcinogenesis. A Chemopreventive agent can be tested into an Experiment and can be contained into a Natural source or a Drug. References to a Chemopreventive agent can be found into a Publication.
Links Databases related to CanCO e.g. kegg, chebi, pubmed, pubchem etc.
An In vivo (Latin for "within the living") refers to experimentation using a whole, living organism as opposed to a partial or dead organism.
e.g. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (Cyp) 1A activity
Nucleic Acid are a family of macromolecules, composed of various moieties: purines, pyrimidines, phosphoric acid, and a pentose, either d-ribose or d-deoxyribose. Nucleic acids as DNA or RNA is found in the chromosomes, nucleoli, mitochondria, and cytoplasm of all cells, and in viruses. Nucleic acids are the major players in controlling cellular function and heredity.
Macromolecules are molecules made of many smaller molecules
A Protein is a group of complex organic macromolecules composed of one or more chains (linear polymers) of alpha-L-amino acids linked by peptide bonds and ranging in size from a few thousand to over 1 million Daltons. Proteins are fundamental genetically encoded components of living cells with specific structures and functions dictated by amino acid sequence.
The source of a Chemopreventive agent can be either Natural (e.g. pomegranate) or Synthetic (e.g. a drug)
Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation.
Compounds having similar structure with steroid hormones, like estrogens, can bind to and activate estrogen receptors (ER) which in turn modulate the expression of many genes.
Toxicity is a quality of a chemical substance which indicates the capacity to cause injury to an organism in a dose dependent manner.
The way a Chemopreventive Agent acts on a Target in order to prevent disease (e.g Cancer)
A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems
Antiproliferative agents work to block the proliferative phase of acute cellular rejection.
A unique macroscopic (gross) anatomic structure that performs specific functions. It is composed of various tissues. An organ is part of an anatomic system or a body region. Representative examples include the heart, lung, liver, spleen, and uterus.
The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. Molecules are made up of one or more atoms. If they contain more than one atom, the atoms can be the same (an oxygen molecule has two oxygen atoms) or different (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom). Biological molecules, such as proteins and DNA, can be made up of many thousands of atoms.
Apoptosis is programmed cell death, a normal component of the development and health of multicellular organisms. Cells die in response to a variety of stimuli and during apoptosis they do so in a controlled, regulated fashion. This makes apoptosis distinct from another form of cell death called necrosis in which uncontrolled cell death leads to lysis of cells, inflammatory responses and, potentially, to serious health problems. Upon receiving specific signals instructing the cells to undergo apoptosis a number of distinctive changes occur in the cell. A family of proteins known as caspases are typically activated in the early stages of apoptosis. These proteins breakdown or cleave key cellular components that are required for normal cellular function including structural proteins in the cytoskeleton and nuclear proteins such as DNA repair enzymes. The caspases can also activate other degradative enzymes such as DNases, which begin to cleave the DNA in the nucleus.
Inhibition of iNOS induction A-IC50 [µM]a T-IC50 [µM]b
Test performed either on material taken from the subject or on the whole initial subject, which produce qualitative or quantitative measurements (data).
A Drug is any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. A Chemopreventive agent may be contained into a drug.
A class of hydrocarbon-containing organic compounds. Lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents and play important roles in living organisms: these roles include functioning as energy storage molecules, serving as structural components of cell membranes, and constituting important signaling molecules. Lipids can be subdivided into 2 groups: fatty acids and glycerides.
An In silico assay is performed on computer or via computer simulation.
Links for resources related to the model.
A Research Statement is a declarative sentence supported by a specific Publication.
A Synthetic Source is constructed and has a pharmacological or biological activity. A Chemopreventive agent may be contained into a Synthetic Source.
A disease characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division
A Forum Post is related to a Published Work and contains comments about this specific Publication. It allows the discussion and the exchange of ideas related to the Published Work.
A cell line is a cell factor which describes a population of cells cultured in vitro that are descended through one or more generations (and possible sub-cultures) from a single primary culture which was originally derived from part of an organism. The cells of such a population share common characteristics.
Correlates a Published work or a Forum Post with the Person that has written them.
Correlates a Chemopreventive Agent with the sources where it is available or from where it originates.
Indicate the measurements made during a Study.
Correlates a Source (e.g. Natural or Synthetic) with the Molecules it contains
Indicate the Studies contained into an Investigation.
Correlates a Disease with the Chemopreventive Agent that can treat it.
Correlates a Pathway with the Biological Targets (e.g. protein) it contains.
Correlates an Protocol with the Experimental Factors used.
Correlates an In Silico Experiment with the Scientific Workflow used.
Indicate whether a Source is Natural or Synthetic.
Indicate the target of biological mechanism in order to prevent cancer.
Indicate the Biological Mechanisms that has a Chemopreventive Agent.
Correlates a Published work with other Published Work it references.
Indicate the Organisms used by an experimental Protocol.
Correlates a Chemopreventive Agent with the Biological Target it affects.
Indicate the Chemopreventive Agents used by an Assay.
Indicates the Toxicity of a Chemopreventive Agent.
Correlated a Protocol or a Chemopreventive Agent with a Published work where the Protocol/Chemopriventive agent is described
Indicate the Study that a Bioassay is part of.
Correlates a Chemopreventive Agent with the Pathways it affects.
Correlates a Published work with the Expressions (i.e. scientific statements) it contains.
Relates an Organism with the Organs it contains.
Indicates the concentration that is toxical.
Correlates a Drug with the biological Targets it interacts with.
Correlates a Pathway with the Disease it is related
A Published work can be commented in a Formum post as part of a discussion related to the specific Published work.
Correlates the Chemopreventive agents that can cooperate to prevent a cancer type.
Indicate the Chemopreventive Agents that have been identified during an Assay.
Correlates an Investigation with a Published work that describes the results of the Investigation.
Correlates a Study with the Assays it contains
How many times has this compound been cited in the literature?
Indicate whether there is a known target orgain for this chemopreventative agent
If you have an MDL Molfile for this component, insert it here
The common name of a Source, Natural or Synthetic.
The citation of the Published work (e.g. the Journal and the year of publication).
If this compound is normally found in a natural substatnce, indicate which in the domain
Indicate the chemoprevention mechanism of a compound.
NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (quinone reductase, QR) activity
The cellular location where a Protein can be found.
If you have a connection table for this chemical component, indicate it here.
In this chemopreventative agent has been tested in vivo, what was the measured efficacy?
The sequence of ta Nucleid acid or Protein.
Does this compound have antioxidative properties?
Indicate the cell lines used by an experimental Protocol.
The map (image representation) of a Pathway.
If you have a link to an image with the 2D representation of this molecular, indicate its URL here
What is the action mechanism of the component?
If toxic, at which concentration has it been deemed toxic?
If you know the PDB Id of this component, insert it here.
If you have the SMILES notation for this agent, insert it here.
Which metabolic pathways is this agent know to affect?
Has this been component been published before? Answer yes or no.
Indicates if a chemopreventive agents acts by inducing cell differentiation.
The type of publication, e.g. journal, paper etc.