Lhermitte sign positive
type: Class
subclass of: neck finding
CUI: C0576704
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 65329004

ADHD
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C1263846

Anton syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: visual agnosia
CUI: C0751730
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 83373005
is defined by: Anton syndrome, also known as Anton's blindness and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe. Those who have it are cortically blind, but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness, that they are capable of seeing.

Argyll Robertson pupil
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0234668
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 4129001
is defined by: This lesion is a hallmark of tertiary neurosyphillis Pupils will NOT constrict to light but they WILL constrict with accommodation Pupils are small at baseline and usually both involved (although degree may be asymmetrical)

Babinski sign
type: Class
subclass of: plantar response
CUI: C0034935
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 366575004
is defined by: Upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract.

Balint syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: agnosia
CUI: C4707368
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 765212008
is defined by: A rare neurologic disease with characteristics of the triad of optic ataxia, ocular apraxia and simultanagnosia due to posterior parietal lobe lesions. Patients report ophthalmologic difficulties in the absence of underlying ophthalmologic anomalies and present severe visual and spatial disabilities in locating and reaching objects, initiating voluntary eye movements and perceiving more than one object at a time.

Broca aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0003550
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229654003
is defined by: An aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). This condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjacent cortical and white matter regions).

Deficit in phonologic short-term memory
type: Class
subclass of: poor short term memory
CUI: C1847609
exam part: MS

Distal sensory impairment of all modalities
type: Class
subclass of: distal sensory impairment
CUI: C1836527
exam part: SENSORY

ENT symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0422833
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 267098006

GI symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0426576
exam part: SX

Gerstmann syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: other higher cortical functions
CUI: C0017494
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 36785009
is defined by: A disorder of cognition characterized by the tetrad of finger agnosia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, and right-left disorientation.

Hoffman reflex positive
type: Class
subclass of: Hoffman sign present
CUI: C0576598
exam part: REFLEX

Hoffman sign present
type: Class
subclass of: hyperreflexia
CUI: C0239962
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 163873006
is defined by: The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking the fingernail downward, allowing the middle finger to flick upward reflexively. A positive response is seen when there is flexion and adduction of the thumb on the same hand. A positive Hoffmann’s reflex and finger jerks suggest hypertonia, but can occur in healthy individuals, and are not useful signs in isolation.

Horners syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0019937
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 192915005
is defined by: syndrome associated with defective sympathetic innervation to one side of the face, including the eye; clinical features include miosis, mild blepharoptosis, and hemifacial anhidrosis (decreased sweating); lesions of the brain stem, cervical spinal cord, first thoracic nerve root, apex of the lung, carotid artery, cavernous sinus, and apex of the orbit may cause this condition.
see also: sympathetic_ophthalmoplegia; sympathetic cervical paralysis; oculosympathetic_palsy

Horners syndrome pupil
type: Class
subclass of: Horners syndrome
CUI: C0338567
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 271730003
is defined by: A small reactive pupil. The miosis is caused by interruption of sympathetic tone.

Impaired long-term verbal memory
type: Class
subclass of: poor long term memory
CUI: C1841624
exam part: MS

Laseque sign
type: Class
subclass of: straight leg raising test positive
CUI: C0575465
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 298692000
see also: Laseque sign

Lhermitte sign present
type: Class
subclass of: Lhermitte sign positive
CUI: C0576702
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 299950000
is defined by: Lhermitte's sign (also known as Lhermitte's phenomenon also referred to as the barber chair phenomenon is the name which describes an electric shock-like sensation that occurs on flexion of the neck. This sensation radiates down the spine, often into the legs, arms, and sometimes to the trunk.
see also: barbers_chair_sign; Lhermittes_phenomenom

Microphthalmos
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0026010
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 204108000

Parinaud syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: gaze palsy
CUI: C0152222
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 37991008
is defined by: A rare syndrome affecting conjugate vertical eye movement. It is often caused by a dorsal midbrain neoplasm, commonly a pinealoma, but may also be attributable to demyelinating diseases or stroke. Clinical signs include limitation of upward gaze, light-near dissociation of the pupillary response, eyelid retraction (Collier's sign) and convergence-retraction nystagmus. Clinical course is dependent on effective treatment of underlying cause.

Phalen sign
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0277835
exam part: SENSORY

Rinne test negative
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 8 finding
CUI: C0423549
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 370377000
is defined by: Bone conduction better than air conduction.

Rinne test positive
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 8 finding
CUI: C0423548
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 370378005
is defined by: Air conduction better than bone conduction.
see also: Normal Rinne test.

Romberg sign positive
type: Class
subclass of: Romberg test positive
CUI: C0240914

Romberg sign present
type: Class
subclass of: balance finding
CUI: C0278127
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 373676004

Romberg test positive
type: Class
subclass of: Romberg sign present
CUI: C0853374
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 163770001
is defined by: The Romberg test is positive if the patient begins to sway when standing erect with eyes closed. In general, patients with cerebellar problems will not be able to stand with feet together even with eyes open. Swaying that begins when the patient closes their eyes suggests a problem with proprioception in the lower extremities.
see also: Romberg sign present

Tinel sign
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0277843
exam part: SENSORY

Weber test lateralizes left
type: Class
subclass of: hearing loss left ear
CUI: C0521004
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 27472009

Weber test lateralizes right
type: Class
subclass of: hearing loss right ear
CUI: C0521003
SNOMED: 31732001

Wernicke aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C1510456
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 69206000
is defined by: Impairment in the comprehension of speech and meaning of words, both spoken and written, and of the meanings conveyed by their grammatical relationships in sentences. It is caused by lesions that primarily affect Wernicke's area, which lies in the posterior perisylvian region of the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere.

abdominal pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0000737
exam part: SX
is defined by: An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen

abdominal reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous reflex finding
CUI: C0558753
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 274606006
is defined by: Lack of contraction of abdominal muscles in the quadrant of the abdomen that is stimulated by scraping the skin tangential to or toward the umbilicus.

abdominal reflex reduced
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous reflex finding
CUI: C0576601
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299852009

abducens nerve palsy
type: Class
subclass of: sixth nerve palsy
CUI: C0271355
exam part: CN

abnormal affect
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C1291710
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 386782008

abnormal color vision
type: Class
subclass of: visual impairment
CUI: C0234629
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 23289000
is defined by: An anomaly in the ability to discriminate between or recognize colors.

abnormal involuntary movement
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0392702
exam part: SX

abnormal vestibulo ocular reflex
type: Class
subclass of: vestibulo-ocular reflex abnormal
CUI: C4021571

abnormal vision
type: Class
subclass of: visual symptoms
CUI: C3665386
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 7973008
is defined by: Disturbance of eyesight

absence facial sweating
type: Class
subclass of: hemifacial anhidrosis
CUI: C0239528
exam part: CN

absence seizure
type: Class
subclass of: seizures
CUI: C0014553
exam part: SX

absent ankle reflex
type: Class
subclass of: areflexia of lower limbs
CUI: C0558845
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 274818004

absent biceps reflex
type: Class
subclass of: areflexia of upper limbs
CUI: C0558847
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 274820001

absent body position sense
type: Class
subclass of: impaired body position sense
CUI: C0426959

absent consensual light reflex
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0437606
SNOMED: 164042004

absent deep tendon reflexes
type: Class
subclass of: absent reflexes
CUI: C0241772
exam part: REFLEX

absent direct light reflex
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0578618
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 301944006
is defined by: An abnormality of the reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina of the eye.

absent knee reflex
type: Class
subclass of: areflexia of lower limbs
CUI: C0558844
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 274817009
is defined by: Absence of the knee jerk reflex, which can normally be elicited by tapping the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella.

absent left corneal reflex
type: Class
subclass of: corneal reflex absent
CUI: C0558840

absent pupil near reaction
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0578621
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 301947004

absent reflexes
type: Class
subclass of: areflexia
CUI: C0234146
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 37280007
is defined by: A finding indicating the complete absence of neurological reflexes

absent right corneal reflex
type: Class
subclass of: corneal reflex absent
CUI: C0558841

absent sensation
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C0278134
exam part: SENSORY

absent supinator reflex
type: Class
subclass of: areflexia of upper limbs
CUI: C0558752
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 274605005
see also: absent_radial_reflex; absent_brachioradialis_reflex

absent tendon reflex
type: Class
subclass of: absent deep tendon reflexes
CUI: C0278124
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 349006

absent triceps reflex
type: Class
subclass of: areflexia of upper limbs
CUI: C0558846
exam part: REFLEX

abulia
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0919974
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 737585009
is defined by: Poverty of behavior and speech output, lack of initiative, loss of emotional responses, psychomotor slowing, and prolonged speech latency.

acquired color vision deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal color vision
CUI: C0155018
exam part: CN

action tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0234376
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 30721006
is defined by: A tremor present when the limbs are active, either when outstretched in a certain position or throughout a voluntary movement.
see also: intention_tremor; cerebellar_tremor

afferent pupil defect
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0549122
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 232122003
is defined by: The pupil responds consensually but not directly to light--so-called positive swinging flashlight test suggesting an afferent defect in the diseased eye.
see also: Marcus_Gunn_pupil; positive_swinging_flashlight_test

afferent pupillary defect
type: Class
subclass of: afferent pupil defect
CUI: C0339662
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 232121005

ageusia
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 7 finding
CUI: C2364111
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 36955009

aggressive
type: Class
subclass of: threatening behavior
CUI: C0001807
SNOMED: 61372001
is defined by: Aggressive behavior can denote verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, physical aggression against people, and may also include aggression towards oneself.
see also: aggression; aggressive

aggressive outbursts
type: Class
subclass of: aggressive
CUI: C0554985
SNOMED: 192083006

agitated
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C0085631
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 24199005
is defined by: A condition in which a person is unable to relax and be still. The person may be very tense and irritable, and become easily annoyed by small things. He or she may be eager to have an argument, and be unwilling to work with caregivers to make the situation better.

agnosia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia
CUI: C0001816
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 42341009
is defined by: Inability to recognize objects not because of sensory deficit but because of the inability to combine components of sensory impressions into a complete pattern. Thus, agnosia is a neurological condition which results in an inability to know, to name, to identify, and to extract meaning from visual, auditory, or tactile impressions.

agraphesthesia
type: Class
subclass of: graphesthesia impaired
CUI: C1328618
exam part: MS
is defined by: The inability to recognize letters or numbers traced on the palm of the hand despite adequate sensation.

agraphia
type: Class
subclass of: other higher cortical functions
CUI: C0001825
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 27206009

akathisia
type: Class
subclass of: involuntary movement
CUI: C0392156
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 285145004
is defined by: A disorder characterized by an uncomfortable feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still; this is a side effect of some psychotropic drugs.

akinetic mutism
type: Class
subclass of: mutism
CUI: C0001889
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 53333005
is defined by: A syndrome characterized by a silent and inert state without voluntary motor activity despite preserved sensorimotor pathways and vigilance. Bilateral frontal lobe dysfunction involving the anterior cingulate gyrus and related brain injuries are associated with this condition. This may result in impaired abilities to communicate and initiate motor activities.

alexia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia
CUI: C0002018
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 9236007
is defined by: An acquired type of sensory aphasia where damage to the brain leads to the loss of the ability to read.

allodynia
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0458247
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 247404004
is defined by: Allodynia is the elicitation of pain by stimuli that are normally not painful.

altered consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0150450
exam part: SX

altitudinal hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: hemianopia
CUI: C0271205
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 246669008

altitudinal scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C0422991
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 246662004

amaurosis fugax
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0149793
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 88032003
is defined by: A transient visual disturbance that is typically caused by a circulatory, ocular or neurological underlying condition

amenorrhea
type: Class
subclass of: endocrine symptoms
CUI: C0002453
exam part: SX
is defined by: absence of menses for three months or more.

amnesia
type: Class
subclass of: impaired memory
CUI: C0002622
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 48167000
is defined by: Systematic and extensive loss of memory caused by organic or psychological factors. The loss may be temporary or permanent, and may involve old or recent memories.

amusia
type: Class
subclass of: other higher cortical functions
CUI: C0234497
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 26610007

anal reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous reflex finding
CUI: C0576612
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299863007

anal reflex reduced
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous reflex finding
CUI: C0751471
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299865000

anarthria
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0234517
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 48257004
is defined by: Pure anarthria is a rare disorder commonly defined as a total inability to articulate speech in the absence of any deficit both of auditory comprehension and of written language. It can follow either cortical, subcortical, or brain stem lesions. Anarthria should be kept separate from mutism (inability or unwillingness to speak in the absence of any brain lesion capable of affect the articulatory planning), as well as from dysarthria (a speech disorder due to weakness or incoordination of speech muscles).

anisocoria
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0003079
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 13045009
is defined by: Anisocoria, or unequal pupil size, may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease.

ankle clonus
type: Class
subclass of: clonus
CUI: C0238651
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 39055007
is defined by: Clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. Ankle clonus is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward.

anomia
type: Class
subclass of: paraphasia
CUI: C0003113
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 10325006
is defined by: A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived.

anomic aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C2228041
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 10325006

anorexia
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0003123
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 79890006
is defined by: clinical manifestation consisting of a physiopathological lack or loss of appetite accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat.

anosmia
type: Class
subclass of: hyposmia
CUI: C0003126
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 44169009
is defined by: An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell.

anosognosia
type: Class
subclass of: agnosia
CUI: C0234507
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 20930002
is defined by: A condition in which a person who suffers illness or disability seems unaware of or denies the existence of the illness or disabilit

antalgic gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0231685
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 67141003

apathy
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0085632
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 20602000
is defined by: Lack of emotion or emotional expression; a disorder of motivation that persists over time.

aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia
CUI: C0003537
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 87486003
is defined by: Cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form; caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere; general categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia

aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C1291740
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 106169008

appendicular ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: ataxia
CUI: C0750937
exam part: COOR
is defined by: Ataxia that affects primarily the limbs and can be elicited by the finger-to-nose test or heel-knee-shin test or rapid alternating movements.

apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia
CUI: C0003635
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 68345001
is defined by: loss of ability to perform familiar, purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or other neural sensorimotor impairment.

areflexia
type: Class
subclass of: hyporeflexia
CUI: C4228025
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 37280007

areflexia of lower limbs
type: Class
subclass of: absent tendon reflex
CUI: C1856694
exam part: REFLEX

areflexia of upper limbs
type: Class
subclass of: absent tendon reflex
CUI: C2674177
exam part: REFLEX

arm pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0239377
exam part: SX

arms not swung while walking
type: Class
subclass of: decreased arm swing
CUI: C0424233
exam part: EP

arthralgia
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0003862
exam part: SX

astasia abasia
type: Class
subclass of: hysterical gait
CUI: C0004090
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 71802006

astereognosis
type: Class
subclass of: stereognosis impaired
CUI: C2830446
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 25094008

asterixis
type: Class
subclass of: involuntary movement
CUI: C0232766
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 32838008
is defined by: A clinical sign indicating a lapse of posture and is usually manifest by a bilateral flapping tremor at the wrist, metacarpophalangeal, and hip joints.
see also: flapping_tremor; liver_flap

asymmetric smile
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C3842129
exam part: CN

ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: incoordination
CUI: C0004134
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 20262006
is defined by: Ataxia is the presence of uncoordinated, imprecise, and inaccurate movements. Ataxia is the cardinal sign of cerebellar disease.
see also: dyssynergia; dystaxia

ataxic dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: dysarthria
CUI: C0454599
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229687004

ataxic gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0751837
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 25136009
is defined by: A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.

ataxic nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: nystagmus
CUI: C0585568
SNOMED: 307700006

athetosis
type: Class
subclass of: hyperkinesia
CUI: C0004158
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 58593005
is defined by: A movement disorder consisting of slow, involuntary, and nonpurposeful writhing movements that usually affect the upper limbs.

atrophy of intrinsic foot muscles
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy foot
CUI: C1864717
exam part: ATROPHY

atrophy of the small muscles in the hand
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy hand
CUI: C3808485

attention problems
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C4522293
exam part: MS

auditory hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: hallucination
CUI: C0233762
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 45150006
is defined by: Perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding stimulus.

auditory inattention
type: Class
subclass of: extinction and neglect
CUI: C0750942
exam part: MS

aura
type: Class
CUI: D0000009

aura abdominal sensation
type: Class
subclass of: aura autonomic sensations
CUI: D0000001

aura anxiety
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000328

aura auditory
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000003

aura auditory hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: aura auditory
CUI: D0000347

aura auditory illusions
type: Class
subclass of: aura auditory
CUI: D0000346

aura autonomic sensations
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000004

aura autopscopy
type: Class
subclass of: aura self image distortions
CUI: D0000340

aura complex visual formed hallucination
type: Class
subclass of: aura visual hallucinations
CUI: D0000005

aura deja vu
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000301

aura depersonalization derealization
type: Class
subclass of: aura self image distortions
CUI: D0000341

aura dysphoria
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000344

aura euphoria
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000345

aura face flushing
type: Class
subclass of: aura autonomic sensations
CUI: D0000007

aura fear
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000302

aura genital sexual
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000343

aura jamais vu
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000303

aura music
type: Class
subclass of: aura auditory hallucinations
CUI: D0000011

aura nausea
type: Class
subclass of: aura autonomic sensations
CUI: D0000012

aura noises
type: Class
subclass of: aura auditory hallucinations
CUI: D0000013

aura numbness
type: Class
subclass of: aura somatosensory
CUI: D0000014

aura panic
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000304

aura paresthesias
type: Class
subclass of: aura somatosensory
CUI: D0000016

aura psychic sensations
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000017

aura restlessness
type: Class
subclass of: aura psychic sensations
CUI: D0000305

aura self image distortions
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000339

aura simple visual
type: Class
subclass of: aura visual hallucinations
CUI: D0000019

aura smell uncinate
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000020
exam part: AURA

aura somatosensory
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000021
exam part: AURA

aura taste gustatory
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000022

aura time disortions
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000342

aura visual
type: Class
subclass of: aura
CUI: D0000023

aura visual hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: aura visual
CUI: D0000349

aura visual illusions
type: Class
subclass of: aura visual
CUI: D0000348

aura voices
type: Class
subclass of: aura auditory hallucinations
CUI: D0000024

autistic features
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C1846135
exam part: MS

automatisms
type: Class
subclass of: seizures
CUI: C0004377
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 52669001
is defined by: Automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control.

autotopagnosia
type: Class
subclass of: agnosia
CUI: C0234511
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 24500009

backache
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0004604
exam part: SX

balance finding
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0575082
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 298304004

behavioral symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0004941
exam part: SX
is defined by: An abnormality of mental functioning including various affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities.

bilateral carotid bruit
type: Class
subclass of: carotid bruit
CUI: C0694544
exam part: NECK

bilateral extensor plantar responses
type: Class
subclass of: plantar response
CUI: C0422917
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 246588005

bilateral fixed and dilated pupils
type: Class
subclass of: fixed dilated pupil
CUI: C0574118
exam part: CN

bilateral foot drop
type: Class
subclass of: foot drop
CUI: C3807697
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 15638171000119103

bilateral hand weakness
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hand
CUI: C2196583

bilateral hearing loss
type: Class
subclass of: hearing impaired
CUI: C0018775
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 95820000

bilateral hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: hemianopia
CUI: C4036173
exam part: VIS

bilateral neural hearing loss
type: Class
subclass of: bilateral hearing loss
CUI: C2315695
SNOMED: 430977001

bilateral papilledema
type: Class
subclass of: papilledema
CUI: C2033345
SNOMED: 15930381000119104

bilateral ptosis
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid ptosis
CUI: C1865916
exam part: CN

bilateral rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: muscle rigidity
CUI: C2196964
exam part: MOTOR

bilateral sensori neural hearing loss
type: Class
subclass of: bilateral neural hearing loss
CUI: C0452138

bilateral sixth nerve palsy
type: Class
subclass of: sixth nerve palsy
CUI: C2881291
exam part: CN

binasal hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: hemianopia
CUI: C0271208
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 87278000

bipolar
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C0005586
exam part: MS

bitemporal hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: hemianopia
CUI: C0221184
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 61917005

blepharospasm
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C2930898
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 59026006

blind one eye
type: Class
subclass of: reduced visual acuity
CUI: C0271240
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 22950006

blindness
type: Class
subclass of: reduced visual acuity
CUI: C0456909
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 193699007
is defined by: Inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli; condition may be the result of eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm or brain diseases effecting the visual pathways or occipital lobe.

blindness both eyes
type: Class
subclass of: blindness
CUI: C1879328

blink reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0576562
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 299813002

blunted affect
type: Class
subclass of: flat affect
CUI: C1860473

blurred disc margin
type: Class
subclass of: papilledema
CUI: C0278232
SNOMED: 72436007

blurred vision
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0344232
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 246636008
is defined by: A disorder characterized by visual perception of unclear or fuzzy images.

bradykinesia
type: Class
subclass of: hypokinesia
CUI: C0233565
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 399317006
is defined by: Abnormal slowness of movement, which is often a symptom of neurological disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease.

brisk ankle reflex
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb hyperreflexia
CUI: C0576629
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299880006

brisk biceps reflex
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb hyperreflexia
CUI: C0576582
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299833003

brisk finger jerk
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb hyperreflexia
CUI: C0576595
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299846008

brisk jaw jerk
type: Class
subclass of: brisk tendon reflex
CUI: C0576553
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299805003
is defined by: To elicit the jaw jerk, the examiner places an index finger over the jaw or chin, holding the mouth partly open, then gently taps the examiner's finger with the reflex hammer. The the brisk jaw jerk may indicate a state of generalized hyperreflexia due to a supranuclear lesion such as stroke or ALS.

brisk knee reflex
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb hyperreflexia
CUI: C0576623
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299874003

brisk knee reflexes
type: Class
subclass of: brisk knee reflex
CUI: C1854027
exam part: REFLEX

brisk reflexes
type: Class
subclass of: hyperreflexia
CUI: C2673700
exam part: REFLEX
is defined by: Tendon reflexes that are noticably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examnation). Brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. They are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal.

brisk supinator reflex
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb hyperreflexia
CUI: C0576588
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299839004
see also: brisk radial reflex; brisk brachioradialis reflex

brisk tendon reflex
type: Class
subclass of: brisk reflexes
CUI: C0522227
SNOMED: 102983008

brisk triceps reflex
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb hyperreflexia
CUI: C0576576
SNOMED: 299827007

bulbocavernosus reflex negative
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous reflex finding
CUI: C0576619
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299870007

burning pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0234230
exam part: SX
is defined by: A sensation of intensley hot or searing discomfort.

burning sensation in eye
type: Class
subclass of: eye pain
CUI: C0234655
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 2070002

buttock pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0231710
exam part: SX

calf muscle hypertrophy
type: Class
subclass of: muscle hypertrophy
CUI: C1843057
exam part: MOTOR

cannot shrug shoulder
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of trapezius
CUI: C0427049
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249928002
is defined by: Shoulder shrug is generally considered an action of the trapezius muscle, although the levator scapulae contributes to this action.

cardiovascular symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0476270
exam part: SX

carotid bruit
type: Class
subclass of: neck finding
CUI: C0007280
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 419642000
is defined by: A carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound (bruit) heard over the carotid artery area on auscultation during systole.

cataplexy
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0007384
exam part: SX
is defined by: transient attack of weakness precipitated by emotional excitement; patient falls as if struck down.

catatonia
type: Class
subclass of: hypertonia
CUI: C0007398
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 247917007
is defined by: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations.

central hypotonia
type: Class
subclass of: hypotonia
CUI: C1842364
exam part: MOTOR
is defined by: Reduced muscle tone secondary to an abnormality of the central nervous system

central scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C0152191
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 38950008
is defined by: An area of depressed vision located at the point of fixation and that interferes with central vision.

centrocecal scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C0271196
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 33014001
is defined by: A scotoma (area of diminished vision within the visual field) located between the central point of fixation and the blind spot with a roughly horizontal oval shape.

cerebellar ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: ataxia
CUI: C0007758
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 85102008
is defined by: Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).

cerebral hemorrhage
type: Class
subclass of: cerebrovascular disease
CUI: D0000847

cerebral infarction
type: Class
subclass of: cerebrovascular disease
CUI: D0000835

cerebrovascular disease
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000842

cervical root injury
type: Class
subclass of: sensory loss in root distribution
CUI: C0161442
exam part: SENSORY

choking
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0008301
exam part: SX

chorea
type: Class
subclass of: hyperkinesia
CUI: C0008489
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 271700006
is defined by: Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.

choreic gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0427162
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 250040002

choreoathetosis
type: Class
subclass of: hyperkinesia
CUI: C0085583
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 43105007
is defined by: Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).

ciliospinal reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: Horners syndrome
CUI: C0558750
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 274603003
is defined by: The ciliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates (increases in size 1-2mm from baseline). This reflex is absent in Horner's syndrome and lesions involving the cervical sympathetic fibers. The enhanced ciliospinal reflex in asymptomatic patients with cluster headache is due to preganglionic sympathetic mechanisms.

clasp knife spasticity
type: Class
subclass of: spasticity
CUI: C0277820
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 2581006

clonus
type: Class
subclass of: hyperreflexia
CUI: C0009024
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 36649002
is defined by: A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.

clouded consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: disorientation
CUI: C0683369
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 40917007

clumsiness
type: Class
subclass of: poor coordination
CUI: C0233844
exam part: SX
is defined by: Movements that are imprecise or inaccurate.

clumsy gait
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic gait
CUI: C1842201

cognitive impairment
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptoms
CUI: C0338656
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 386806002
is defined by: Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function

cognitive symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C1392787
exam part: SX
is defined by: Symptoms related to cognitive behavior such as language, memory, reasoning, abstract thought, and visual spatial manipulations.

cogwheel rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: muscle rigidity
CUI: C0151564
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 55630000
is defined by: A type of rigidity in which a muscle responds with cogwheellike jerks to the use of constant force in bending the limb (i.e., it gives way in little, repeated jerks when the muscle is passively stretched).

collapse
type: Class
subclass of: collapsed
CUI: C0344329
SNOMED: 271787007

collapsed
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0392748
exam part: SX

color blindness
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal color vision
CUI: C0152200
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 56852002
is defined by: Complete color blindness, a complete inability to distinguish colors. Affected persons cannot perceive colors, but only shades of gray.

coma
type: Class
subclass of: unresponsive
CUI: C0009421
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 371632003
is defined by: A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem reticular formation.

complete deafness
type: Class
subclass of: deafness
CUI: C0018784

complete hearing loss
type: Class
subclass of: deafness
CUI: C0581883

complex partial seizure
type: Class
subclass of: seizures
CUI: C0149958
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 4103001
is defined by: A type of focal-onset saeizure characterized by impaired awareness. Awareness during a seizure is defined as the patient being fully aware of themself and their environment throughout the seizure, even if immobile. If awareness is impaired at any point during the seizure, the seizure is a focal impaired awareness seizure. The degree of loss of awareness may vary.

comprehension dysprosody
type: Class
subclass of: dysprosody
CUI: C0233744
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 112089001
is defined by: An inability to comprehend emotion as conveyed by the prosody of speech.

concentric visual field loss
type: Class
subclass of: constricted visual field
CUI: C4478437

conduction aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0234471
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 89410007
is defined by: A type of fluent aphasia characterized by an impaired ability to repeat one and two word phrases, despite retained comprehension. This condition is associated with dominant hemisphere lesions involving the arcuate fasciculus (a white matter projection between Broca's and Wernicke's areas) and adjacent structures. Like patients with Wernicke aphasia (APHASIA, WERNICKE), patients with conduction aphasia are fluent but commit paraphasic errors during attempts at written and oral forms of communication.

confabulation
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0233800
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 17842005
is defined by: Giving untruthful answers to questions about situations or events that are not recalled due to loss of memory. Confabulation is not a conscious attempt to deceive.

confusion
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptoms
CUI: C0009676
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 286933003
is defined by: A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation
is defined by: confusional_state; dazed; muddled; clouded_consciousness

consitutitional symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0009812
exam part: SX
is defined by: A group of symptoms that affect an individual's general well being. Representative examples include fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss.

constipation
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0009806
exam part: SX

constricted visual field
type: Class
subclass of: visual field defect
CUI: C0235095
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 267628004
is defined by: An absolute or relative decrease in retinal sensitivity extending from edge (periphery) of the visual field in a concentric pattern. The visual field is the area that is perceived simultaneously by a fixating eye. Narrowed or reduced visual field.
see also: reduced_visual_field; narrowed_visual_field

constructional apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: apraxia
CUI: C2243023
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 76251002
is defined by: Constructional apraxia is characterized by an inability or difficulty to build, assemble, or draw objects. Apraxia is a neurological disorder in which people are unable to perform tasks or movements even though they understand the task, are willing to complete it, and have the physical ability to perform the movements. Constructional apraxia may be caused by lesions in the parietal lobe following stroke or it may serve as an indicator for Alzheimer's disease.

convergence retraction nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: retraction nystagmus
CUI: C2939429
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 373590007

conversion disorder
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0009946
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 20734000

coordination finding
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0575091
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 298314008
is defined by: Coordination is the ability to perform complex movements precisely and accurately.

coprolalia
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C0233729
exam part: MS
is defined by: Involuntary and repetitive utterances of obscene or socially inappropriate words or statements.

corneal reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: decreased corneal reflex
CUI: C0278211
SNOMED: 78710008
is defined by: The corneal reflex is elicited by touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton or tissue. The afferent loop is ove V1 of the trigeminal nerve and the efferent loop is over the facial nerve.

cortical blindness
type: Class
subclass of: bilateral hemianopia
CUI: C0155320
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 68574006
is defined by: A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.

cough
type: Class
subclass of: respiratory symptoms
CUI: C0010200
exam part: SX

cranial nerve 11 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0152180
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 84759007
is defined by: The major part of the spinal accessory nerve (11th cranial nerve) innervates the trapezius muscle and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Weakness of these muscles maybe supranuclear, nuclear, or infranuclear in origin. A special visceral efferent branch to the vagus nerve is not tested clinically.

cranial nerve 12 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0234338
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 106162004
is defined by: The twelfth cranial nerve is purely motor and supplies the tongue.
see also: twelfth_cranial_nerve_finding; hypoglossal_nerve_finding

cranial nerve 1 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0751937
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 68982002
is defined by: Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste.
see also: olfactory_nerve_disorder; first_cranial_nerve_finding; cranial_nerve_I_finding

cranial nerve 2 3 4 6 vision disorder
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0042790
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 128127008

cranial nerve 5 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0234274
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 106155008

cranial nerve 7 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0234289
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 106157000
is defined by: Diseases of the facial nerve or nuclei. Pontine disorders may affect the facial nuclei or nerve fascicle. The nerve may be involved intracranially, along its course through the petrous portion of the temporal bone, or along its extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include facial muscle weakness, loss of taste from the anterior tongue, hyperacusis, and decreased lacrimation.

cranial nerve 8 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0001163
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 77949003
is defined by: Pathological processes of the vestibulocochlear nerve, including the branches of cochlear and vestibular nerve. Common examples are vestibular neuritis, cochlear neuritis, and acoustic neuroma. Clinical signs are varying degree of hearing loss, vertigo, and tinnitus.

cranial nerve 9 10 finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0234324
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 106160007

cranial nerve finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C1291734
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 106150003
is defined by: Deficits that arise from dysfunction of one of the twelve cranial nerves.

cranial nerve reflex finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C1287863
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 366342008

craniocerebral trauma
type: Class
subclass of: trauma
CUI: C0018674
exam part: SX

cremasteric reflex negative
type: Class
subclass of: cutaneous reflex finding
CUI: C0558754
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 274607002

cutaneous reflex finding
type: Class
subclass of: reflex finding
CUI: C0278132
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 29922007
is defined by: Superficial reflexes are motor responses to scraping of the skin. They are graded simply as present or absent, although markedly asymmetrical responses should be considered abnormal as well. These reflexes are quite different from the muscle stretch reflexes in that the sensory signal has to not only reach the spinal cord, but also must ascend the cord to reach the brain. The motor limb then has to descend the spinal cord to reach the motor neurons. As can be seen from the description, this is a polysynaptic reflex. This can be abolished by severe lower motor neuron damage or destruction of the sensory pathways from the skin that is stimulated. However, the utility of superficial reflexes is that they are decreased or abolished by conditions that interrupt the pathways between the brain and spinal cord (such as with spinal cord damage).

daytime sleepiness
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0541854
exam part: SX

deafness
type: Class
subclass of: hearing impaired
CUI: C0011053
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 15188001
is defined by: lack or significant deficiency of the sense of hearing.

decerebrate posture
type: Class
subclass of: hypertonia
CUI: C0231474
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 23073007

decorticate posture
type: Class
subclass of: hypertonia
CUI: C0231475
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 85157005

decreased ankle jerk on affected side
type: Class
subclass of: decreased ankle reflex
CUI: C0151303
exam part: REFLEX

decreased ankle reflex
type: Class
subclass of: decreased lower extremity reflexes
CUI: C0751473
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299878000
see also: decreased_Achilles_reflex; decreased_ankle_jerk

decreased arm swing
type: Class
subclass of: hypokinesia
CUI: C2938985
exam part: EP

decreased biceps reflex
type: Class
subclass of: decreased upper extremity reflexes
CUI: C0751475
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299831001

decreased blink rate
type: Class
subclass of: bradykinesia
CUI: C0238777
exam part: EP

decreased corneal reflex
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0151572
SNOMED: 103254005
is defined by: An abnormally reduced response to stimulation of the cornea (by touch, foreign body, blowing air). The corneal reflex (also known as the blink reflex, normally results in an involuntary blinking of the eyelids.

decreased facial sweating
type: Class
subclass of: hemifacial anhidrosis
CUI: C4024874
exam part: CN

decreased gag reflex
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0751476
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 5799008

decreased hand dexterity
type: Class
subclass of: poor coordination
CUI: C4313189

decreased knee reflex
type: Class
subclass of: decreased lower extremity reflexes
CUI: C0751478
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299872004
see also: decreased_patellar_reflex; decreased_knee_jerk, decreased_quadriceps_reflex

decreased libido
type: Class
subclass of: endocrine symptoms
CUI: C0011124
exam part: SX

decreased lower extremity reflexes
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tendon reflex
CUI: C1834696
exam part: REFLEX

decreased or absent proprioception
type: Class
subclass of: decreased vibration and proprioceptive sense
CUI: C4313615
SNOMED: 163740006

decreased pain and temperature of left shoulder
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of arm
CUI: C2016557

decreased pain and temperature of radial nerve
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2016481
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature radial arm thumb and index finger C6
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2016530
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C2164410
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation in distal extremities glove and stocking
type: Class
subclass of: distal sensory impairment
CUI: C2016460
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation lower thigh L3 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2016512
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of 4-5th digits ulnar aspect of hand and distal aspect of forearm C8
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2016445
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of arm
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C2016464
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of axilla and upper subclavian area T2
type: Class
subclass of: thoracic root injury
CUI: C2016451
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of back of head C2 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2016455
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of buttock and perianal region S3 S4 S5 dermatomes
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2016456
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of buttocks and perianal region bilaterally saddle area
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2016457
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of dorsum of foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
CUI: C2164411

decreased pain and temperature sensation of face
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C2016472
exam part: CN

decreased pain and temperature sensation of hand
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of arm
CUI: C2016480

decreased pain and temperature sensation of inguinal region L1 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2016491
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of knee and medial leg L4 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2016495
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of lateral leg and dorsum of foot L5 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2016499
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of lateral upper thigh
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
CUI: C2016503

decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C2016471
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg or foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
CUI: C2164412

decreased pain and temperature sensation of medial thigh and knee
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
CUI: C2016508

decreased pain and temperature sensation of median nerve
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2016482
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of neck
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C2016518
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of outer upper arm C5 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2016522
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of sole of foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
CUI: C2016564

decreased pain and temperature sensation of sole of foot and posterior leg S1 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2016559
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of toe
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg
CUI: C2164413

decreased pain and temperature sensation of ulnar forearm and arm T1
type: Class
subclass of: thoracic root injury
CUI: C2016570
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of ulnar nerve
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2016483
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation of upper thigh L2 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2016574
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation over middle finger C7
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2016516
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain and temperature sensation posterior thigh S2
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2016526
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain sensation
type: Class
subclass of: loss of pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C1837522
exam part: SENSORY

decreased pain sensation in extremities
type: Class
subclass of: loss of pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C1832123
exam part: SENSORY

decreased proprioception in legs
type: Class
subclass of: decreased or absent proprioception
CUI: C2678339

decreased supinator reflex
type: Class
subclass of: decreased upper extremity reflexes
CUI: C0576586
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299837002

decreased tactile sensation
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C2164434
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation dorsum of foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation of leg or foot
CUI: C2039796
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation in distal extremities glove and stocking
type: Class
subclass of: distal sensory impairment
CUI: C2039795
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of arm
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation
CUI: C2164435
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of back of head C2 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2039775
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of buttock and perianal regions S3 S4 and S5 dermatomes
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2039787
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of buttock and perianal regions bilaterally saddle area
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2039788
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of deep peroneal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2039791
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of fourth and fifth digits ulnar hand and distal forearm C8 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2039812
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of hand
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation of arm
CUI: C2164436

decreased tactile sensation of inguinal region L1 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2054039
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of knee and medial leg L4 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2054043
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of lateral leg and dorsum of foot L5 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2054045
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of lateral plantar nerve
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2728289
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of leg or foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation
CUI: C2164440
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of lower thigh L3 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2054064
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of medial plantar nerve
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2728294
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of median nerve
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2039817
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of middle finger only C7 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2054068
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of neck
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation
CUI: C2054071
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of outer upper arm C5 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2054075
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of posterior thigh S2 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: sacral root injury
CUI: C2054076
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of radial forearm thumb and index finger C6 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: cervical root injury
CUI: C2054077
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of radial nerve
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2039816
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of saphenous nerve medial calf
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2728299
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of sole of foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation of leg or foot
CUI: C2164444
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of superficial peroneal nerve
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2054112
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of sural nerve
type: Class
subclass of: lower limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2054116
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of ulnar forearm and arm T1 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: thoracic root injury
CUI: C2054120
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of ulnar nerve
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb nerve lesion
CUI: C2039818
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tactile sensation of upper thigh L2 dermatome
type: Class
subclass of: lumbar root injury
CUI: C2054121
exam part: SENSORY

decreased tendon reflex
type: Class
subclass of: hyporeflexia
CUI: C0700078
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 405946002

decreased touch sensation
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation
CUI: C1837521
exam part: SENSORY

decreased triceps reflex
type: Class
subclass of: decreased upper extremity reflexes
CUI: C0751481
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299825004

decreased upper extremity reflexes
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tendon reflex
CUI: C1837373
exam part: REFLEX

decreased vibration and proprioceptive sense
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C3277802
exam part: SENSORY

decreased vibratory sensation of arm or hand
type: Class
subclass of: decreased vibratory sense
CUI: C2189582

decreased vibratory sensation of distal extremities glove and stocking
type: Class
subclass of: distal sensory impairment
CUI: C2189587
exam part: SENSORY

decreased vibratory sensation of leg or foot
type: Class
subclass of: decreased vibratory sense
CUI: C2189590

decreased vibratory sense
type: Class
subclass of: decreased vibration and proprioceptive sense
CUI: C1295585
SNOMED: 130980003
is defined by: A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration. Clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 Hz and is applied to bony prominences such as the malleoli at the ankles or the metacarpal-phalangeal joints. There is a slow decay of vibration from the tuning fork. The degree of vibratory sense loss can be crudely estimated by counting the number of seconds that the examiner can perceive the vibration longer than the patient.

deficient saccades
type: Class
subclass of: saccadic eye movement deficiency
CUI: C0595983
exam part: CN

deficient smooth pursuit
type: Class
subclass of: smooth pursuit deficiency
CUI: C0751609

deja vu
type: Class
subclass of: dysmnesic seizure
CUI: C0011194
exam part: SX

delayed language
type: Class
subclass of: developmental delay
CUI: C0023012
exam part: MS

delayed puberty
type: Class
subclass of: endocrine symptoms
CUI: C0034012
exam part: SX
is defined by: Passing the age when puberty normally occurs with no physical or hormonal signs of the onset of puberty

delusion
type: Class
subclass of: thought process finding
CUI: C0011253
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 2073000
is defined by: A false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts, and is not considered tenable by one's associates.

dementia
type: Class
subclass of: impaired cognition
CUI: C0497327
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 52448006
is defined by: A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.

denervation atrophy of tongue
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 12 finding
CUI: C1274803
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 403451002
is defined by: Atrophy of the tongue is manifested by a loss of bulk on the affected side. With advanced atrophy, the tongue is furrowed, wrinkled, and obviously smaller on the affected side.

depressed
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C0344315

developmental delay
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptoms
CUI: C0424605

developmental regression
type: Class
subclass of: developmental delay
CUI: C1836830
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 609225004
is defined by: Loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones.

deviation of uvula
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C0426994
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249884003

difficulty arising
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0555088
exam part: SX
see also: difficulty getting up

difficulty chewing
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0239043
exam part: SX
is defined by: An abnormal reduction in the ability to masticate (chew), i.e., in the ability to crush and ground food in preparation for swallowing

difficulty climbing stairs
type: Class
subclass of: difficulty walking
CUI: C0239067
exam part: SX

difficulty in initiating movements
type: Class
subclass of: abulia
CUI: C0562455
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 284511008
is defined by: A slowness in initiating movements generally suggests a frontal lobe lesion damaging circuits involved in movement initiation.

difficulty in speaking
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C1527347
exam part: SX

difficulty moving tongue
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 12 finding
CUI: C0563385
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 285501007

difficulty turning body
type: Class
subclass of: hypokinesia
CUI: C0555095
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 249911000

difficulty walking
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0311394
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 228158008
is defined by: Reduced ability to walk (ambulate).
see also: trouble walking

difficulty writing
type: Class
subclass of: agraphia
CUI: C0584995
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 102938007

diplegia
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0221165
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 6481005
is defined by: Paralysis affecting corresponding parts on both sides of the body.

diplegia of arms
type: Class
subclass of: diplegia
CUI: C4302036
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 723157009
see also: paralysis_of_both_arms; unable_to_move_both_arms

diplopia
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0012569
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 24982008
is defined by: Diplopia is a condition in which a single object is perceived as two images, it is also known as double vision.
see also: seeeing_double; double_vision

disinhibited
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0474398
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 247973004

disorders of eyelid
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0015423
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 60113004

disorganized
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C1855263
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 736319003

disorientation
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C0233407
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 62476001

disorientation to person place and time
type: Class
subclass of: disorientation
CUI: C0278062
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 39538002

disoriented
type: Class
subclass of: disorientation
CUI: C1546414
exam part: MS

disoriented in time
type: Class
subclass of: disoriented to time
CUI: C0233408
exam part: MS

disoriented to person
type: Class
subclass of: disorientation
CUI: C0455741
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 62766000

disoriented to place
type: Class
subclass of: disorientation
CUI: C0233409
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 72440003
is defined by: Impaired awareness of place

disoriented to time
type: Class
subclass of: disorientation
CUI: C4062229
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 19657006

dissociative convulsions
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C0349245
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 191714002

dissociative tremor
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C0349742
SNOMED: 191713008

distal limb muscle atrophy due to peripheral neuropathy mild
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy
CUI: C1850396
exam part: ATROPHY

distal muscle weakness
type: Class
subclass of: paresis
CUI: C0427065
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 249942005
is defined by: Reduced strength of the musculature of the distal extremities

distal muscle weakness mild
type: Class
subclass of: distal muscle weakness
CUI: C1837343
exam part: WEAK

distal sensory impairment
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C1847584
exam part: SENSORY
is defined by: An abnormal reduction in sensation in the distal portions of the extremities.

distal sensory loss of proprioception and vibration sense
type: Class
subclass of: distal sensory impairment
CUI: C1834857
exam part: SENSORY

distractible
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C0233415
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 28102002

disturbance of consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: altered consciousness
CUI: C0234428
SNOMED: 3006004

dizziness
type: Class
subclass of: ENT symptoms
CUI: C0012833
exam part: SX

downbeat nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: vertical nystagmus
CUI: C0585544
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 307676006
is defined by: Downbeat nystagmus is a type of fixation nystagmus with the fast phase beating in a downward direction. It generally increases when looking to the side and down and when lying prone.

dressing apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: apraxia
CUI: C0234529
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 179005
is defined by: Dressing apraxia is a syndrome of the right (incorrectly defined as minor) hemisphere, indicating the incapacity of effectuating the acts of dressing correctly (for example passing the head in the sleeve or dressing trousers at the inverse etc…). However this difficulty should not be explained by a primary motor or sensory deficit or by a general attention failure (as it can be observed in patients with dementia, delirium or with a severe frontal syndrome). Interestingly, several cases reports of patients with pure dressing apraxia have been published, without the evidence of the co-presence of other forms of apraxia or other significant deficits in other cognitive spheres.

droopy eyelids
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid ptosis
CUI: C0423131
exam part: CN

drop attacks
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0259813
exam part: SX

drowsy
type: Class
subclass of: impaired alertness
CUI: C0013144
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 271782001
is defined by: The sensation of struggling to remain awake.

drowsy on examination
type: Class
subclass of: drowsy
CUI: C0436584
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 162704004

drusen of optic disc
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0029128
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 33629003
is defined by: Optic disc drusen are acellular, calcified deposits within the optic nerve head. Optic disc drusen are congenital and developmental anomalies of the optic nerve head, representing hyaline-containing bodies that, over time, appear as elevated, lumpy irregularities on the anterior portion of the optic nerve.

dull headache
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C0239885
exam part: SX

dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0013362
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 8011004
is defined by: imperfect speech articulation due to disturbances of muscular control.

dyscalculia
type: Class
subclass of: Gerstmann syndrome
CUI: C0869474
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 55640002

dysconjugate eye movements
type: Class
subclass of: dysconjugate gaze
CUI: C1845274
exam part: CN

dysconjugate gaze
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0522335
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 103263007

dysdiadochokinesis
type: Class
subclass of: appendicular ataxia
CUI: C0234979
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 23133003
is defined by: Dysdiadochokinesia is the inability to rapidly perform alternating movements such as having a subject pronating and supinating their hands.
see also: dysdiadochokokinesia: impaired_rapid_alternating_movements

dysesthesia
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0392699
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 279079003
is defined by: Abnormal sensations with no apparent physical cause that are painful or unpleasant.

dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: hyperkinesia
CUI: C0013384
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 9748009
is defined by: a disease characterized by abnormal involuntary movements of muscles

dysmetria
type: Class
subclass of: appendicular ataxia
CUI: C0234162
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 32566006
is defined by: A type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements.

dysmnesic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: complex partial seizure
CUI: C0422859
exam part: SX

dysmorphic face
type: Class
subclass of: head finding
CUI: C0424503
exam part: HEAD

dysphagia
type: Class
subclass of: impaired swallowing
CUI: C0011168
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 40739000
is defined by: A disorder characterized by difficulty in swallowing.

dysphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0973461
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 20301004

dysprosody
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0854737
exam part: MS
is defined by: A speech disorder in which the melody and rhythm of speeech fails to correctly convey the intended emotion of the speaker.

dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: hyperkinesia
CUI: C0013421
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 15802004
is defined by: An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.

dystonia 1
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C4016919
exam part: MOTOR

dystonic disorder
type: Class
subclass of: dystonia
CUI: C0393593
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 15802004
is defined by: syndrome dominated by involuntary, sustained or spasmodic, patterned, and repetitive muscle contractions; frequently causing twisting, flexing or extending, and squeezing movements or abnormal postures.

dystonic posture
type: Class
subclass of: dystonia
CUI: C0426961
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 249847000

ear pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0013456
exam part: SX

echolalia
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0013528
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 64712007
is defined by: The tendency to repeat vocalizations made by another person.

electric shock sensations
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0549248
exam part: SX

encephalopathy
type: Class
subclass of: impaired cognition
CUI: C0085584
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 81308009
is defined by: Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.

end position nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: horizontal nystagmus
CUI: C0271390
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 29356006
is defined by: Nystagmus made apparent by looking to the right or to the left.

endocrine symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C2216346
exam part: SX

enlarged blind spot
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C0152192
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 33970004

epiphora
type: Class
subclass of: tearing
CUI: C0152227
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 418035005
see also: excessive tearing; watery eyes

equivocal plantar response
type: Class
subclass of: plantar response
CUI: C0422918
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 246589002

essential tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0270736
exam part: EP

expressive aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: Broca aphasia
CUI: C0917814
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229665008

extensor plantar response
type: Class
subclass of: Babinski sign
CUI: C3714730
exam part: REFLEX

extensor plantar response left
type: Class
subclass of: plantar response
CUI: C0576640
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299891004

extensor plantar response right
type: Class
subclass of: plantar response
CUI: C0576641
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299892006

extensor posture
type: Class
subclass of: decerebrate posture
CUI: C1842657
exam part: MOTOR

extensor rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: extensor posture
CUI: C0239325
exam part: MOTOR

extinction
type: Class
subclass of: extinction and neglect
CUI: C0015347
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 71778000

extinction and neglect
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C3481646
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 22058002

eye deviated
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0239427
exam part: CN

eye movement disorder
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0028850
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 45030009
is defined by: pathologic process affecting the voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

eye pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0151827
exam part: SX

eyelid ptosis
type: Class
subclass of: disorders of eyelid
CUI: C0005745
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 11934000
is defined by: Drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle.

face pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0015468
exam part: SX

facial diplegia
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C1836003
exam part: CN

facial dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C1395979
exam part: MOTOR

facial myokimia
type: Class
subclass of: myokimia
CUI: C0270871
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 1070000
is defined by: Facial myokymia is a fine fibrillary activity of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).

facial numbness
type: Class
subclass of: numbness
CUI: C0239511
SNOMED: 309557009
is defined by: Loss of sensation to temperature, pin prick, or touch on the face.

facial palsy LMN
type: Class
subclass of: facial weakness LMN
CUI: C0751142
exam part: CN

facial paralysis
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C0015469
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 280816001
is defined by: Complete loss of ability to move facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (i.e., the seventh cranial nerve).

facial paresis
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 7 finding
CUI: C0427055
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 95666008
is defined by: Reduced strength of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).
see also: facial_weakness; facial_droop

facial paresthesia
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesia
CUI: C0239517
exam part: symptoms
SNOMED: 95665007

facial sensation decreased V1
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C2237377
exam part: CN

facial sensation decreased V2
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C2237381
exam part: CN

facial sensation decreased V3
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C2237384
exam part: CN

facial tic
type: Class
subclass of: tic
CUI: C0338467
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 230335009

facial weakness LMN
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C0427057
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249933003
is defined by: Facial weakness due to a lesion of the facial nerve or the facial nerve nucleus. In general, both upper and lower face are equally affected.

facial weakness UMN
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C0427058
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249934009
is defined by: Facial weakness due to lesion above the facial nerve nucleus. Supranuclear lesions generally cause facial weakness that is worse in the lower face than the upper face due to bilateral supranculear control of the upper face.

falling down
type: Class
subclass of: loss of equilibrium
CUI: C0085639
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 161898004
is defined by: A sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury

familial tremor
type: Class
subclass of: essential tremor
CUI: C0393615
exam part: EP

fasciculation
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0015644
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 82470000
is defined by: Fasciculations are observed as small, local, involuntary muscle contractions (twitching) visible under the skin. Fasciculations result from increased irritability of an axon (which in turn is often a manifestation of disease of a motor neuron). This leads to sporadic discharges of all the muscle fibers controlled by the axon in isolation from other motor units.

fasciculation of tongue
type: Class
subclass of: denervation atrophy of tongue
CUI: C0239548
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249878001

fatigue
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0015672
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 84229001
is defined by: state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.

fear
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0015726
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 1402001
is defined by: Feeling of dread or distress whose cause can be identified

fecal incontinence
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0015732
exam part: SX

festinating gait
type: Class
subclass of: parkinsonian gait
CUI: C0231694
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 397776000

fever
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0015967
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 386661006
is defined by: Abnormal high body temperature

fine rapid hand tremor
type: Class
subclass of: fine tremor
CUI: C1860864
exam part: EP

fine tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0234373
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 42800007

finger-nose test abnormal
type: Class
subclass of: appendicular ataxia
CUI: C0427186
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 250063007

finger agnosia
type: Class
subclass of: Gerstmann syndrome
CUI: C0234509
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 3449007
is defined by: An inability or difficulty differentiating among the fingers of either hand as well as the hands of others

finger and wrist extensor weakness
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C1866142
exam part: WEAK

finger dysmetria
type: Class
subclass of: dysmetria
CUI: C1847354

finger tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0239601
exam part: EP

fixed dilated pupil
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0522340
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 103271006

flaccid dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: dysarthria
CUI: C0454597
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229685007
see also: lower_motor_neuron_type_dysarthria; bulbar_type_dysarthria

flaccid hemiplegia dominant side
type: Class
subclass of: hemiplegia
CUI: C2875327

flaccid motor tone
type: Class
subclass of: hypotonia
CUI: C0026825
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 397488002
is defined by: Lack of normal muscle tone.
see also: flaccidity; flaccid_tone; flaccid_muscle_tone

flaccid paraplegia
type: Class
subclass of: paraplegia
CUI: C0452143
SNOMED: 192966000

flat affect
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C0233471
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 932006

flight of ideas
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C0233657
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 28810003
is defined by: Rapid succession of thoughts pertaining to different subjects that are still connected.

flinging movements of legs
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal involuntary movement
CUI: C0427094
exam part: SX

foot dorsiflexor weakness
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of ankle dorsiflexion
CUI: C1866141
exam part: WEAK

foot drop
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of ankle
CUI: C0085684
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 6077001
is defined by: Weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. The foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles.

foot drop gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0427149
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 27253007
is defined by: An abnormal gait pattern that arises from weakness of the pretibial and peroneal muscles due to a lower motor neuron lesion. Affected patients have footdrop and are unable to dorsiflex and evert the foot. The leg is lifted high on walking so that the toes clear the ground, and there may be a slapping noise when the foot strikes the ground again.

forgetful
type: Class
subclass of: memory lapses
CUI: C0542476
SNOMED: 55533009
is defined by: An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.

freezing of gait
type: Class
subclass of: parkinsonian gait
CUI: C0860515
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 443544006
is defined by: Freezing of gait is defined as a brief, episodic absence or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk

gag reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: decreased gag reflex
CUI: C0234784
SNOMED: 5258001

gait apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C1510417
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 30767006
is defined by: Impaired ambulation not attributed to sensory impairment or motor weakness. The impairment is thought to be due to disorganization of high level motor programs for walking.

gait difficulty
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic gait
CUI: C0575081

gait finding
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0575079
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 298302000

gaze palsy
type: Class
subclass of: limited eye movements
CUI: C1112261
exam part: CN

gegenhalten
type: Class
subclass of: muscle rigidity
CUI: C0231519
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 24033006

general unsteadiness
type: Class
subclass of: difficulty walking
CUI: C0427108
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 271713000

generalized hypotonia
type: Class
subclass of: hypotonia
CUI: C1858120
exam part: MOTOR

generalized muscle hypertrophy
type: Class
subclass of: muscle hypertrophy
CUI: C2010782
exam part: MOTOR

generalized seizure
type: Class
subclass of: seizures
CUI: C0234533
exam part: SX

generalized weakness
type: Class
subclass of: paresis
CUI: C0746674
exam part: WEAK
is defined by: Generalized weakness or decreased strength of the muscles, affecting both distal and proximal musculature.

getting lost
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptoms
CUI: C0424015
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 247664009
is defined by: A form of disorientation where the person loses their way and is unable to get to their destination.

glabellar reflex abnormal
type: Class
subclass of: primitive reflex finding
CUI: C1142017
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299802000

global aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0234469
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 23011003

glossopharyngeal nerve finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C0751941
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 80962007
is defined by: Diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. The nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. Clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with SYNCOPE. Episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear.

glove sensory loss
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation in distal extremities glove and stocking
CUI: C0277840
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 63755003

graphesthesia impaired
type: Class
subclass of: other higher cortical functions
CUI: C0576697
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 299945006

grasp reflex
type: Class
subclass of: grasp reflex present
CUI: C0234175
exam part: REFLEX

grasp reflex present
type: Class
subclass of: primitive reflex finding
CUI: C2367679
exam part: REFLEX

hallucination
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0018524
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 7011001
is defined by: subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real; may be of organic origin, drug induced, or associated with a mental disorder.

hand grip myotonia
type: Class
subclass of: myotonia
CUI: C2749495
exam part: MOTOR
is defined by: Difficulty releasing one's grip associated with prolonged first handgrip relaxation times.
see also: difficulty releasing handgrip

harmful thoughts
type: Class
subclass of: threatening behavior
CUI: C0438698
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 162314006

head finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C1320354

headache
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0018681
exam part: SX
is defined by: pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions.

hearing impaired
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 8 finding
CUI: C1384666
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 103276001
is defined by: A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears.

hearing loss
type: Class
subclass of: ENT symptoms
CUI: C3887873
exam part: SX

hearing loss left ear
type: Class
subclass of: hearing impaired
CUI: C0262502
exam part: CN

hearing loss right ear
type: Class
subclass of: hearing impaired
CUI: C0262503
exam part: CN

heel-shin test abnormal
type: Class
subclass of: appendicular ataxia
CUI: C0427189
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 250066004

hemiageusia
type: Class
subclass of: ageusia
CUI: C3698014
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 697992008

hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: visual field defect
CUI: C0018979
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 77674003
is defined by: Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes.

hemiballismus
type: Class
subclass of: hyperkinesia
CUI: C0221169
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 66637005
is defined by: Hemiballismus is a rare movement disorder that is caused primarily by damage to various areas in the basal ganglia. Hemiballismus is usually characterized by involuntary flinging motions of the extremities. The movements are often violent and have wide amplitudes of motion. They are continuous and random and can involve proximal and/or distal muscles on one side of the body, while some cases even include the facial muscles. The more a patient is active, the more the movements increase. With relaxation comes a decrease in movements.

hemifacial anhidrosis
type: Class
subclass of: Horners syndrome
CUI: C3888440
exam part: CN
is defined by: A lack of sweating on one side of the face.

hemifacial spasm
type: Class
subclass of: involuntary movement
CUI: C0278152
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 13753008
is defined by: Recurrent clonic contraction of facial muscles, restricted to one side. It may occur as a manifestation of compressive lesions involving the seventh cranial nerve (FACIAL NERVE DISEASES), during recovery from BELL PALSY, or in association with other disorders.

hemiparesis
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0018989
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 20022000
is defined by: Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.

hemiplegia
type: Class
subclass of: hemiparesis
CUI: C0018991
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 50582007
is defined by: Paralysis (complete loss of muscle function) in the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body.

hemiplegic gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0231696
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 52751000

hemisensory dysesthesia or hyperesthesia
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory loss
CUI: C2039767
exam part: SENSORY

hemisensory loss
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C0234216
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 14686007

hemisensory loss to all modalities
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory loss
CUI: C2030490
exam part: SENSORY

hemisensory loss to pain and temperature
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory loss
CUI: C2016484
exam part: SENSORY

hemisensory loss to touch
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory loss
CUI: C2039819
exam part: SENSORY

hemisensory loss to vibration
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory loss
CUI: C2189605
exam part: SENSORY

hemisensory neglect
type: Class
subclass of: extinction and neglect
CUI: C0751418
SNOMED: 32422007

herpes simplex encephalitis
type: Class
subclass of: Infectious Disease
CUI: D0000851

heteronymous hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: hemianopia
CUI: C0271207
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 344104004

hiccoughs
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0019521

high pitched voice
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C0241703
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 51406002
is defined by: An abnormal increase in the pitch (frequency) of the voice

high steppage gait
type: Class
subclass of: foot drop gait
CUI: C3552731

hip flexor weakness
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hip flexors
CUI: C3279725
exam part: WEAK

history of a fall
type: Class
subclass of: trauma
CUI: C1561668
exam part: SX

hoarseness
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C0019825

homocidal ideation
type: Class
subclass of: threatening behavior
CUI: C0455204
SNOMED: 225450009

homonymous hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: hemianopia
CUI: C0271202
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 34063005

homonymous quadrantanopia
type: Class
subclass of: quadrantanopia
CUI: C0438977
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 193679001

horizontal diplopia
type: Class
subclass of: diplopia
CUI: C0751077

horizontal gaze palsy
type: Class
subclass of: gaze palsy
CUI: C0339651
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 232115006

horizontal nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: nystagmus
CUI: C0271385
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 81756001
is defined by: Nystagmus consisting of horizontal to-and-fro eye movements.

hostility
type: Class
subclass of: threatening behavior
CUI: C0020039
SNOMED: 79351003
is defined by: Persistent or frequent angry feelings; anger or irritability in response to minor slights and insults.

hyperactive
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0424295
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 44548000
is defined by: Hyperactivity means having increased movement, impulsive actions, and a shorter attention span, and being easily distracted.

hyperacusis
type: Class
subclass of: ENT symptoms
CUI: C0034880
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 25289003
is defined by: Abnormally increased perception of sound.
see also: painful_sensitivity_to_sound; sounds_seem_unnaturally_loud

hyperacusis left ear
type: Class
subclass of: hyperacusis
CUI: C2881989
SNOMED: 1088941000119107

hyperacusis right ear
type: Class
subclass of: hyperacusis
CUI: C2881988

hyperalgesia
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0020429
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 55406008
is defined by: excessive sensitivity to painful stimuli.

hyperexplexia
type: Class
subclass of: movement disorder
CUI: C0234166
exam part: REFLEX

hyperkinesia
type: Class
subclass of: involuntary movement
CUI: C3887506
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 44548000
is defined by: Excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders.

hypermetria
type: Class
subclass of: dysmetria
CUI: C3668822
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 450881007
is defined by: Overshooting the target on rapid-alternating-movements.

hyperreflexia
type: Class
subclass of: reflex finding
CUI: C0151889
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 86854008
is defined by: Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.

hypertelorism
type: Class
subclass of: head finding
CUI: C0020534
exam part: HEAD

hypertonia
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0026826
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 41581000
is defined by: abnormal increase in skeletal or smooth muscle tone; skeletal muscle hypertonicity may be associated with pyramidal tract lesions or basal ganglia diseases.

hypertrophy of lower leg muscles
type: Class
subclass of: muscle hypertrophy
CUI: C2047656
exam part: MOTOR

hypertrophy of sternocleidomastoid
type: Class
subclass of: muscle hypertrophy
CUI: C3553931
exam part: MOTOR

hypertropia
type: Class
subclass of: strabismus
CUI: C0020575
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 40608009
is defined by: A type of strabismus characterized by permanent upward deviation of the visual axis of one eye.

hypesthesia
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0020580
exam part: SENSORY
is defined by: Diminished sensation in one or more modality including temperature sense, vibration sense, pain sense, light touch sense, or proprioception.

hypnogoguic hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: sleep related hallucinations
CUI: C0233773
exam part: SX

hypokinesia
type: Class
subclass of: movement disorder
CUI: C0086439
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 255385008
is defined by: Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency.

hypokinetic dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: dysarthria
CUI: C2017999
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229688009

hypomanic
type: Class
subclass of: manic
CUI: C0241934
SNOMED: 281257007
is defined by: A less severe form of mania characterized by elevated mood, hyperactivity, and grandiosity. In contrast to mania, these symptoms do not cause significant impairment of the individual's productivity at work, or social and family relationships.

hypomelanotic macule
type: Class
subclass of: skin finding
CUI: C4024220
exam part: SKIN

hypometria
type: Class
subclass of: dysmetria
CUI: C0234165
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 69752006
is defined by: Undershooting the target on rapid alternating movements.

hypometric saccades
type: Class
subclass of: saccadic eye movement deficiency
CUI: C0423082
exam part: CN

hypophonia
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0521007
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 34527004
is defined by: Reduced intensity (volume) of speech.

hyporeflexia
type: Class
subclass of: reflex finding
CUI: C0151888
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 22994000
is defined by: Decreased but not necessarily absent deep tendon reflexes.

hyposmia
type: Class
subclass of: olfactory disorder
CUI: C2364082
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 83156004
is defined by: Decreased ability to smell.
see also: reduced_sense_of_smell, impaired_sense_of_smell

hypotonia
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0026827
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 398152000
is defined by: Diminution of the skeletal muscle tone marked by a diminished resistance to passive stretching.

hysterical blindness
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C0221473
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 88902008

hysterical gait
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C0427177
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 271707009

hysterical mutism
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C1400338
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 70066000

hysterical paralysis
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C0237766
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 88984006

ictal Jacksonian seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal simple partial
CUI: D0000092

ictal abdominal pain
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000025

ictal absence seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal generalized seizure
CUI: D0000026

ictal aggressiveness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000844

ictal akinetic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal atonic seizure
CUI: D0000310

ictal altered awareness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal complex phenomenology
CUI: D0000027

ictal amnesia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal dysmnesia
CUI: D0000028

ictal apnea
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000029

ictal arm posturing
type: Class
subclass of: ictal posturing
CUI: D0000030

ictal arrhythmia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000031

ictal astatic seizures
type: Class
subclass of: ictal atonic seizure
CUI: D0000311

ictal asystole
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000032

ictal atonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal generalized seizure
CUI: D0000033

ictal atypical absence
type: Class
subclass of: ictal absence seizure
CUI: D0000034

ictal auditory
type: Class
subclass of: ictal complex phenomenology
CUI: D0000035

ictal auditory hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: ictal auditory
CUI: D0000036

ictal automatisms
type: Class
subclass of: ictal complex phenomenology
CUI: D0000037

ictal autonomic
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000038

ictal behavioral
type: Class
subclass of: ictal complex phenomenology
CUI: D0000039

ictal behavioral arrest
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000040

ictal bipedal automatisms
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor automatisms
CUI: D0000041

ictal blurred vision
type: Class
subclass of: ictal visual
CUI: D0000042

ictal body rocking
type: Class
subclass of: ictal hyperkinetic motor signs
CUI: D0000043

ictal bradycardia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000044

ictal clonic activity
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000045

ictal clonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal tonic clonic seizure
CUI: D0000832

ictal clouded consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal altered awareness
CUI: D0000046

ictal complex auditory
type: Class
subclass of: ictal auditory
CUI: D0000047

ictal complex partial seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal focal seizure
CUI: D0000048

ictal complex phenomenology
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000049

ictal complex postures
type: Class
subclass of: ictal posturing
CUI: D0000050

ictal complex visual
type: Class
subclass of: ictal visual
CUI: D0000051

ictal confusion
type: Class
subclass of: ictal clouded consciousness
CUI: D0000052

ictal crying dacrystic
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000831

ictal cyanosis
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000053

ictal deja vu
type: Class
subclass of: ictal dysmnesia
CUI: D0000054

ictal dialeptic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal seizure type
CUI: D0000312

ictal dizziness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000055

ictal dream state
type: Class
subclass of: ictal clouded consciousness
CUI: D0000056

ictal drop attacks
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000057

ictal dysmnesia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000058

ictal dystonic posturing
type: Class
subclass of: ictal arm posturing
CUI: D0000327

ictal eye blinking
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000060

ictal eye deviation
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000061

ictal eye lid fluttering
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000062

ictal eyes rolling back
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000063

ictal face and head
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000064

ictal face flushing
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000065

ictal face jerks
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000068

ictal face numbness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000067

ictal facial movements
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000069

ictal faintness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000070

ictal falling
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000071

ictal fear
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000072

ictal febrile seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal unclassified type
CUI: D0000073

ictal feeling strange
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000074

ictal fencing posture
type: Class
subclass of: ictal posturing
CUI: D0000075

ictal figure of 4 sign
type: Class
subclass of: ictal posturing
CUI: D0000076

ictal finding
type: Class
CUI: D0000314

ictal flexor spasm
type: Class
subclass of: ictal unclassified type
CUI: D0000078

ictal focal clonic
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000079

ictal focal motor seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal simple partial
CUI: D0000080

ictal focal seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal seizure type
CUI: D0000849

ictal focal sensory seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal simple partial
CUI: D0000081

ictal generalized seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal seizure type
CUI: D0000840

ictal gyratory seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal hyperkinetic motor signs
CUI: D0000082

ictal hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000083

ictal head dropping
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000084

ictal head rolling back
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000085

ictal head turning
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000086

ictal hemiplegia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000087

ictal hyper emotionality
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000088

ictal hyperkinetic motor signs
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000089

ictal hypermotor seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal focal seizure
CUI: D0000315

ictal impaired cognition
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000330

ictal infantile spasms
type: Class
subclass of: ictal unclassified type
CUI: D0000091
exam part: ICTAL

ictal jamais vu
type: Class
subclass of: ictal dysmnesia
CUI: D0000326

ictal laughter gelastic
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000094

ictal limb thrashing
type: Class
subclass of: ictal hyperkinetic motor signs
CUI: D0000095

ictal lip smacking
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor automatisms
CUI: D0000096

ictal loss of consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000097

ictal moans groans and unintelligible speech
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000099

ictal motor
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000100

ictal motor automatisms
type: Class
subclass of: ictal automatisms
CUI: D0000101

ictal muscle twitching
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000102

ictal mydriasis
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000103

ictal myoclonic atonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal myoclonic seizure
CUI: D0000104

ictal myoclonic jerk
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000106

ictal myoclonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal generalized seizure
CUI: D0000105

ictal myoclonic tonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal myoclonic seizure
CUI: D0000850

ictal nausea
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000107

ictal nightmares
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000108

ictal numbness
type: Class
subclass of: ictal sensory
CUI: D0000333

ictal nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: ictal face and head
CUI: D0000109

ictal pallor
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000110

ictal picking at clothlng
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor automatisms
CUI: D0000112

ictal piloerection
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000113

ictal posturing
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor
CUI: D0000114

ictal repetitive speech palilalia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000115

ictal screams
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000116

ictal secondarily generalized tonic clonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal focal seizure
CUI: D0000117

ictal seizure type
type: Class
CUI: D0000318

ictal sensory
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000332

ictal simple auditory
type: Class
subclass of: ictal auditory
CUI: D0000118

ictal simple partial
type: Class
subclass of: ictal focal seizure
CUI: D0000119

ictal simple visual
type: Class
subclass of: ictal visual
CUI: D0000120

ictal speech
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000121

ictal speech arrest
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000122

ictal speech difficulty
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000123

ictal spitting or drinking
type: Class
subclass of: ictal motor automatisms
CUI: D0000124

ictal staring
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000125

ictal tachycardia
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000126

ictal tingling
type: Class
subclass of: ictal sensory
CUI: D0000334

ictal tongue biting
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000127

ictal tonic clonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal generalized seizure
CUI: D0000128

ictal tonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal tonic clonic seizure
CUI: D0000129

ictal typical absence
type: Class
subclass of: ictal absence seizure
CUI: D0000845

ictal unclassified type
type: Class
subclass of: ictal seizure type
CUI: D0000319

ictal unilateral tonic or clonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal focal motor seizure
CUI: D0000130

ictal urinary incontinence
type: Class
subclass of: ictal finding
CUI: D0000131

ictal urinary urge
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000132

ictal verbal automatisms
type: Class
subclass of: ictal automatisms
CUI: D0000133

ictal versive seizure
type: Class
subclass of: ictal unclassified type
CUI: D0000320

ictal vertigo
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000135

ictal visual
type: Class
subclass of: ictal complex phenomenology
CUI: D0000136

ictal visual hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: ictal visual
CUI: D0000137

ictal visual obscurations
type: Class
subclass of: ictal visual
CUI: D0000138

ictal vocalizations
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000139

ictal vomiting
type: Class
subclass of: ictal autonomic
CUI: D0000140

ictal wandering
type: Class
subclass of: ictal behavioral
CUI: D0000329

ictal word finding difficulty
type: Class
subclass of: ictal speech
CUI: D0000142

ideational apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: apraxia
CUI: C0234526
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 66397001

ideomotor apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: apraxia
CUI: C0234523
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229706001
is defined by: A form of apraxia characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despite the ability to mentally formulate the action. This condition has been attributed to a disruption of connections between the dominant parietal cortex and supplementary and premotor cortical regions in both hemispheres.

impaired abstract thinking
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0679467
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 424100000

impaired alertness
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C2712027
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 704426000

impaired attention
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C0233414
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 76039005

impaired balance
type: Class
subclass of: balance finding
CUI: C0575090
exam part: BALANCE

impaired body position sense
type: Class
subclass of: decreased or absent proprioception
CUI: C0576690

impaired cognition
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C0009241
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 443265004
is defined by: Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.

impaired concentration
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C0235198
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 60032008

impaired distal proprioception
type: Class
subclass of: distal sensory impairment
CUI: C4021585
exam part: SENSORY
is defined by: A loss or impairment of the sensation of the relative position of parts of the body and joint position occuring at distal joints.

impaired elevation of soft palate
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C0426995
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249885002

impaired insight
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0233823
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 12200008
see also: lack_of_insight; defective_insight

impaired joint sense
type: Class
subclass of: decreased or absent proprioception
CUI: C0576694
SNOMED: 299942009

impaired judgment
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0233818
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 162327005
is defined by: Judgment refers to the patient's capacity to make sound, reasoned and responsible decisions.
see also: lack_of_judgment; loss_of_judgment

impaired memory
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C0233794
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 386807006
see also: poor_memory; memory_deficit

impaired swallowing
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C4061143
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 288939007

impaired vigilance
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C0920048
exam part: MS

impairment in registration
type: Class
subclass of: impaired memory
CUI: C0561734
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 283878007
see also: impaired_working_memory; impaired_registration

impairment of attention
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C0238707
exam part: MS

impatient
type: Class
subclass of: restless
CUI: C0919568

impulsive
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0021125
SNOMED: 286756000

inability to walk
type: Class
subclass of: difficulty walking
CUI: C0560046
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 282145008
is defined by: Incapability to ambulate.

inappropriate behavior
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0233522
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 112082005
is defined by: The definition of inappropriate is someone or something that is not within the bounds of what is considered appropriate or socially acceptable.

inappropriate jocularity
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0233468
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 5240007
is defined by: Using humor and joking inappropriately, usually in the setting of disinhibition due to frontal lobe injury. See also witzelsucht.

inappropriate laughter or crying
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C1862946
exam part: SX
is defined by: Uncontrolled episodes of crying or laughing, without apparent motivating stimuli.

inattentive
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C0424101
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 22058002

incoherent speech
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C0700129
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 284596004
is defined by: Speech which is non-sensical and difficulty to understand. This term is used and generally and does not have a precise neurological definition to describe rambling non-sensical speech.

incoordination
type: Class
subclass of: coordination finding
CUI: C0520966
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 281016006

increased head circumference
type: Class
subclass of: head finding
CUI: C4083076
exam part: HEAD

increased tone in lower limbs
type: Class
subclass of: hypertonia
CUI: C2674843

injury of cervical spine
type: Class
subclass of: spinal injury
CUI: C0432666
exam part: SX

injury of lumbar spine
type: Class
subclass of: spinal injury
CUI: C0432668
exam part: SX

injury of thoracic spine
type: Class
subclass of: spinal injury
CUI: C0432667
exam part: SX

insomnia
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0917801
exam part: SX

interictal finding
type: Class
CUI: D0000331

internuclear ophthalmoplegia
type: Class
subclass of: gaze palsy
CUI: C0152134
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 49823009
is defined by: An abnormality of conjugate lateral gaze in which the affected eye shows impairment of adduction. The pathognomonic clinical sign of internuclear ophthalmoplegia is an impaired adduction while testing horizontal saccades on the side of the lesion in the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fascicule.

intrinsic hand weakness
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of intrinsic hand muscles
CUI: C4476548
exam part: WEAK

involuntary movement
type: Class
subclass of: movement disorder
CUI: C0427086
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 267078001

irritable
type: Class
subclass of: restless
CUI: C0022107
SNOMED: 55929007
is defined by: Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.

ischemic optic neuropathy
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0155305
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 14357004
is defined by: schemic injury to the OPTIC NERVE which usually affects the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

jamais vu
type: Class
subclass of: dysmnesic seizure
CUI: C0233803
exam part: SX

jaw jerk brisk
type: Class
subclass of: brisk jaw jerk
CUI: C3552908
exam part: REFLEX

jerky movements
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal involuntary movement
CUI: C0427085
exam part: SX

labile affect
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C0233472
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 88729006
is defined by: Instability of mood, prone to rapid changes in mood and affect.

lack of speech fluency
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0566627
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 39423001

lack of tears
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 7 finding
CUI: C0423154
SNOMED: 246849001
see also: lack_of_lacrimation, lack_of_tears, absent_lacrimation

lancinating pain
type: Class
subclass of: electric shock sensations
CUI: C0948844
exam part: SX

lateral deviation of tongue on protrusion
type: Class
subclass of: tongue weakness
CUI: C0426986
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249876002

lead pipe rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: muscle rigidity
CUI: C0277821
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 75147004

learning disability
type: Class
subclass of: developmental delay
CUI: C0751265

left carotid bruit
type: Class
subclass of: carotid bruit
CUI: C0694542
exam part: NECK

left equivocal plantar response
type: Class
subclass of: equivocal plantar response
CUI: C0576642
exam part: REFLEX

left facial droop
type: Class
subclass of: weakness left face
CUI: C3842072
exam part: CN

left foot drop
type: Class
subclass of: foot drop
CUI: C4280873
exam part: WEAK

left hemiparesis
type: Class
subclass of: hemiparesis
CUI: C0457436
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 278287000

left hemiplegia
type: Class
subclass of: hemiplegia
CUI: C0457434
SNOMED: 278285008

left homonymous hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: homonymous hemianopia
CUI: C0271204
SNOMED: 55634009

left proptosis
type: Class
subclass of: proptosis
CUI: C2126062
exam part: CN
is defined by: Bulging forward of the left eye.

left sided headache
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C2168110
exam part: SX

leg numbness
type: Class
subclass of: numbness of lower limb
CUI: C0857160

leg pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0023222
exam part: SX

legs ataxic
type: Class
subclass of: appendicular ataxia
CUI: C0427188
exam part: COOR

lethargy
type: Class
subclass of: drowsy
CUI: C0023380
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 214264003

limb dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C0751093
exam part: MOTOR
is defined by: A type of dystonia (abnormally increased muscular tone causing fixed abnormal postures) that affects muscles of the limbs.

limb fasciculation
type: Class
subclass of: fasciculation
CUI: C1854657
exam part: MOTOR
is defined by: Fasciculations affecting the musculature of the arms and legs.

limb rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: muscle rigidity
CUI: C0858572
exam part: MOTOR

limb shaking
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0235081

limb spasticity
type: Class
subclass of: spasticity
CUI: C2678242
exam part: MOTOR

limb weakness
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of muscle group
CUI: C0587246
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 713514005

limited eye movements
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0522328
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 419326002

literal paraphasia
type: Class
subclass of: paraphasia
CUI: C0234490
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 23869008

locked in syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: quadriplegia
CUI: C0023944
SNOMED: 38023001

loss of control of movement
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0427084
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 249961009

loss of equilibrium
type: Class
subclass of: balance finding
CUI: C0278126
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 89419008
is defined by: A loss of equilibrium is defined by an inability to stand upright.

loss of executive functions
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C4544271
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 736317001

loss of facial expression
type: Class
subclass of: mask like facies
CUI: C1852476
exam part: EP

loss of initiative
type: Class
subclass of: abulia
CUI: C2364087
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 276306002

loss of pain and temperature sensation
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C2749793
exam part: SENSORY

loss of temperature sensation
type: Class
subclass of: loss of pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C4021222
exam part: SENSORY

low back pain
type: Class
subclass of: backache
CUI: C0024031
exam part: SX

lower extremity weakness
type: Class
subclass of: muscle weakness lower limb
CUI: C0751410

lower facial weakness
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C0427056
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249932008

lower limb dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: limb dystonia
CUI: C2677696

lower limb hyperreflexia
type: Class
subclass of: brisk tendon reflex
CUI: C1836696
exam part: REFLEX

lower limb nerve lesion
type: Class
subclass of: sensory loss in nerve distribution
CUI: C0574718

lower limb spasticity
type: Class
subclass of: limb spasticity
CUI: C1271100
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 394679006

lumbar root injury
type: Class
subclass of: sensory loss in root distribution
CUI: C0161444
exam part: SENSORY

macrocephaly
type: Class
subclass of: increased head circumference
CUI: C0221355

malaise
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0231218
exam part: SX
is defined by: A nonspecific feeling of bodily discomfort, fatigue and/or unease.

manic
type: Class
subclass of: labile affect
CUI: C0338831
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 231494001
is defined by: A disorder characterized by excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior and elevation of mood.

marche a petits pas
type: Class
subclass of: parkinsonian gait
CUI: C0427169
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 250049001

mask like facies
type: Class
subclass of: hypokinesia
CUI: C0424448
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 103606006
see also: masked_facies: lack_of_facial_expression; poverty_of_facial_expression

memory lapses
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptoms
CUI: C0557932
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 225038006
is defined by: Temporary intermittent failures of memory.

meningism
type: Class
subclass of: neck stiffness
CUI: C0025287
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 70784009
is defined by: Meningism is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis. Whereas meningitis is inflammation of the meninges (membranes that cover the central nervous system), meningism is caused by nonmeningitic irritation of the meninges, usually associated with acute febrile illness,especially in children and adolescents

mental and psychological observations
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C1562941
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 416578004

mental retardation
type: Class
subclass of: impaired cognition
CUI: C0025362
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 91138005
is defined by: Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period; multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults; intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual is mentally retarded; IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline mentally retarded range and scores below 67 are in the retarded range.

mental status finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C0278061
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 36456004

mesencephalic light near dissociation
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C4546352
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 762663009
is defined by: Classical teaching has associated all lesions of the rostral midbrain with bilateral light-near dissociation (LND), defined as attenuation of the pupil light reflex (PLR) with relative sparing of the near response.

metamorphopsia
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0271185
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 42134006
is defined by: A visual anomaly in which images appear distorted. A grid of straight lines appears wavy and parts of the grid may appear blank.

microcephaly
type: Class
subclass of: small head circumference
CUI: C0025958
exam part: HEAD

micrographia
type: Class
subclass of: hypokinesia
CUI: C0240341
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 725122008
is defined by: Abnormally small sized handwriting defined formally as an impairment of a fine motor skill manifesting mainly as a progressive or stable reduction in amplitude during a writing task.

migraine with aura
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C0154723
exam part: SX

mild ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: ataxia
CUI: C3278191
exam part: COOR
is defined by: Ataxia that is of mild severity. See definition of ataxia.

mild dysarhria
type: Class
subclass of: dysarthria
CUI: C3549475
exam part: MS

mild facial weakness
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C1837243
exam part: CN

mild memory disturbance
type: Class
subclass of: impaired memory
CUI: C0423927
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 192071009

mild tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C3553819
exam part: EP

mild upper limb ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: appendicular ataxia
CUI: C3552145
exam part: COOR

miosis
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0026205
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 63251006
see also: constricted_pupil; miosis; abnormal_non-physiological_constriction_of_the_pupil

misconduct
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0681394
exam part: SX

mixed aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0454576
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229662006

mixed dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: dysarthria
CUI: C0454598
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229686008

monoparesis
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0270795
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 79520009
is defined by: Weakness in a single limb.

monoplegia
type: Class
subclass of: monoparesis
CUI: C0085622
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 86022000
is defined by: Complete loss of movement in one limb.

monoplegia arm
type: Class
subclass of: monoplegia
CUI: C0154703
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 41764006

monoplegia leg
type: Class
subclass of: monoplegia
CUI: C0154702
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 80420005

mood swings
type: Class
subclass of: labile affect
CUI: C0085633
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 18963009
see also: labile affect

morbid thoughts
type: Class
subclass of: thought process finding
CUI: C0555358
SNOMED: 162315007

motor dysprosody
type: Class
subclass of: dysprosody
CUI: C0233725
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 20937004
is defined by: A disorder characterized by the inability to convey emotion by using the prosody of speech.

motor finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C1291728
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 106145009

motor impersistence
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C4073148
exam part: MS
is defined by: The inability to continue a motor activity without repeated verbal cues (e.g. "hold your hands outstretched."

motor tic
type: Class
subclass of: tic
CUI: C0751900
exam part: MOTOR

movement disorder
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0026650
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 60342002
is defined by: Neurological conditions resulting in abnormal voluntary or involuntary movement, which may impact the speed, fluency, quality and ease of movement.

muscle atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0026846
exam part: ATROPHY
SNOMED: 88092000
is defined by: A process, occurring in the muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.
see also: amyotrophy; muscle_wasting

muscle atrophy arm
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy
CUI: C2230425
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy deltoid
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy arm
CUI: C2230451
exam part: ATROPHY
SNOMED: 719191003

muscle atrophy distal leg
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy lower limb
CUI: C3280173
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy distal upper Limb
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy arm
CUI: C4021581
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy foot
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy lower limb
CUI: C0239647
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy hand
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy arm
CUI: C0239830
exam part: ATROPHY
is defined by: Muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the hand.

muscle atrophy hip girdle
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy lower limb
CUI: C3278931
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy in distal forearm and hands
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy arm
CUI: C4014002
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy interosseous muscles of hand
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy hand
CUI: C2230377
SNOMED: 719188003

muscle atrophy intrinsic hand muscle
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy hand
CUI: C1864716

muscle atrophy lower limb
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy
CUI: C4024921
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy primarily in legs
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy lower limb
CUI: C4013951
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy proximal leg
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy lower limb
CUI: C1836767
exam part: ATROPHY
is defined by: Muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the legs, i.e., of the thigh.

muscle atrophy shoulder
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy arm
CUI: C2230450
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle atrophy shoulder girdle
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy arm
CUI: C1847766
exam part: ATROPHY

muscle cramps
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0026821
exam part: SX

muscle fatigue
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0242979
exam part: FATIGUE
SNOMED: 80449002
is defined by: An abnormal, increased fatiguability of the musculature.
see also: fatiguability: muscle_tire_easily

muscle hypertrophy
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0236033
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 249829006
is defined by: general increase in bulk of a muscle due to an increase in cell volume; it is not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells.

muscle rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: hypertonia
CUI: C0026837
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 16046003
is defined by: motor impairment whereby the hypertonic state is charcterized by bidirectional increased resistance to passive movement.

muscle twitching
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0231530
exam part: SX

muscle weakness lower limb
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C1836296
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 310611000009107

muscle weakness proximal limb muscle mild to moderate
type: Class
subclass of: proximal muscle weakness
CUI: C3149744
exam part: WEAK

mutism
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0026884
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 88052002
is defined by: The inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. This may be associated with brain diseases or mental diseases.

myalgia
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0231528
exam part: SX
see also: muscle pain

mydriasis
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0026961
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 37125009
is defined by: Abnormal dilatation of the iris.

myedema
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0456703
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 277374006
is defined by: A localized contraction of a degenerating muscle, occurring at the point of a sharp blow, independent of the nerve supply. Sometimes a small bump occurs on a muscle at the site of a percussion blow. Myoedema may also occur in uremia and myxedema.

myoclonus
type: Class
subclass of: movement disorder
CUI: C0027066
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 17450006
is defined by: A rapid, involuntary jerk of a muscle or group of muscles. A sudden, brief, strong contraction of a muscle or group of muscles that cannot be controlled. A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles; these movements may develop as a symptom of a number of neurological diseases, including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, or Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease.
see also: myoclonic jerks

myokimia
type: Class
subclass of: involuntary movement
CUI: C0684219
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 27678003
is defined by: Myokymia consists of involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating contractions that spread across the affected striated muscle. Myokymia is characterized by spontaneous, fine fascicular contractions of muscle without muscular atrophy or weakness. Eyelid myokymia results from fascicular contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Eyelid myokymia is typically unilateral, with the most common involvement being one of the lower eyelids. When multiple eyelids are involved, the fascicular contractions of each eyelid are independent of each other. In most cases, eyelid myokymia is benign, self-limited, and not associated with any disease. Intervention is usually unnecessary. Rarely, eyelid myokymia may occur as a precursor of hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, Meige syndrome, spastic-paretic facial contracture, and multiple sclerosis.

myopathic gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0547001
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 250020009
is defined by: Myopathic gait exaggerated alternation of lateral trunk movements with an exaggerated elevation of the hip

myotonia
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0027125
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 3434004
is defined by: Prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. This may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. Myotonia occurs in some myopathies such as myotonia congenita, paramyotonia, certain channelopathies, and some forms of musuclar paralysis related to potassium metabolism.

narcolepsy
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0027404
exam part: SX
is defined by: recurrent, uncontrollable brief episodes of sleep and lapses in consciousness, often associated with hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, automatic behaviors and sleep paralysis

nasal congestion
type: Class
subclass of: ENT symptoms
CUI: C0027424
exam part: SX

nausea
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0027497

neck finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C0575155
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 298378000

neck pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0007859
exam part: SX

neck pain radiating to arm
type: Class
subclass of: radiating pain
CUI: C2219659
exam part: SX

neck stiffness
type: Class
subclass of: neck finding
CUI: C0151315
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 161882006
is defined by: A sensation of tightness in the neck when attempting to move it, especially after a period of inactivity. Neck stiffness often involves soreness and difficulty moving the neck, especially when trying to turn the head to the side

neglect of one side of the body
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory neglect
CUI: C0422887
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 246564008
see also: hemi-inattention; sensory_inattention

neologism
type: Class
subclass of: paraphasia
CUI: C0233647
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 54501006

neuromuscular symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0752252
exam part: SX

nightmares
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0028084
exam part: SX

nuchal rigidity
type: Class
subclass of: neck stiffness
CUI: C1320474
exam part: NECK
SNOMED: 405947006
version info: Nuchal rigidity is the inability to flex the neck forward due to rigidity of the neck muscles; if flexion of the neck is painful but full range of motion is present, nuchal rigidity is absent.

numbness
type: Class
subclass of: sensory symptoms
CUI: C0028643

numbness of both feet
type: Class
subclass of: numbness of lower limb
CUI: C2219797
exam part: SX

numbness of hand
type: Class
subclass of: upper limb numbness
CUI: C0239832

numbness of lower limb
type: Class
subclass of: numbness
CUI: C0587055

numbness of skin
type: Class
subclass of: numbness
CUI: C0522057
SNOMED: 102603008

numbness on left face
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C2219999
exam part: CN

numbness on right face
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C2219998
exam part: CN

nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0028738
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 563001
is defined by: involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball

nystagmus on lateral gaze
type: Class
subclass of: horizontal nystagmus
CUI: C4013199
exam part: CN

obscene thoughts
type: Class
subclass of: thought process finding
CUI: C0424002
SNOMED: 247651008

ocular apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: Balint syndrome
CUI: C4693319
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 193662007
is defined by: Oculomotor apraxia (OMA), is the absence or defect of controlled, voluntary, and purposeful eye movement. It was first described in 1952 by the American ophthalmologist David Glendenning Cogan. People with this condition have difficulty moving their eyes horizontally and moving them quickly. The main difficulty is in saccade initiation, but there is also impaired cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Patients have to turn their head in order to compensate for the lack of eye movement initiation in order to follow an object or see objects in their peripheral vision, but they often exceed their target. There is controversy regarding whether OMA should be considered an apraxia, since apraxia is the inability to perform a learned or skilled motor action to command, and saccade initiation is neither a learned nor a skilled action.

ocular bobbing
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0234651
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 46794001
is defined by: Ocular bobbing is a distinctive eye movement disorder seen in patients with pontine dysfunction. The typical phenomenon consists of abrupt, spontaneous downward jerks of the eyes with a slow return to the midposition in association with paralysis of spontaneous and reflex horizontal eye movements.

ocular flutter
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0234650
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 33466002
is defined by: When these back to back saccades occur purely horizontally, they are known as “ocular flutter” and can be a stage of resolving opsoclonus.

olfactory disorder
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 1 finding
CUI: C0679441
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 362967002

olfactory hallucination
type: Class
subclass of: hallucination
CUI: C0233765
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 39672001
is defined by: Perception of a smell in the absence of a corresponding stimulus.

onset adolescent
type: Class
subclass of: Age of Onset
CUI: D0000848

onset adult
type: Class
subclass of: Age of Onset
CUI: D0000846

onset child
type: Class
subclass of: Age of Onset
CUI: D0000852

onset elderly
type: Class
subclass of: Age of Onset
CUI: D0000839

onset infant
type: Class
subclass of: Age of Onset
CUI: D0000834

onset neonate
type: Class
subclass of: Age of Onset
CUI: D0000833

opsoclonus
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0242567
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 194177006
is defined by: Opsoclonus, also referred to as “saccadomania” or “dancing eyes”, is characterised by intermittent bursts of large amplitude high velocity multidirectional back to back saccades, and has also been reported in patients with viral encephalitis and metabolic encephalopathy, as well as in those with occult neuroblastoma and drug toxicity.

optic ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: Balint syndrome
CUI: C4703584
exam part: MS
is defined by: Difficulty reaching to visually guided goals in peripheral vision, with the deficit leaves voluntary eye movements largely unaffected.

optic atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0029124
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 76976005
is defined by: Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.

optic disc finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0423451
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 247201009

optic nerve pallor
type: Class
subclass of: pallor of optic disk
CUI: C1608971
exam part: CN

optic neuritis
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0029134
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 66760008
is defined by: Inflammation of the optic nerve. Commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomatous diseases. Clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis).

optokinetic response finding
type: Class
subclass of: visual field defect
CUI: C1287641
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 366109004

oral apraxia
type: Class
subclass of: apraxia
CUI: C0454608
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 361274000

oral dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: dyskinesia
CUI: C0454606
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 229694001

oromandibular dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C2242577
exam part: MOTOR
is defined by: A kind of focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech.

orthostatic hypotension
type: Class
subclass of: cardiovascular symptoms
CUI: C0020651
SNOMED: 28651003
is defined by: fall in blood pressure associated with dizziness, syncope and blurred vision occurring upon standing or when standing motionless in a fixed position.
see also: postiural hypotension

other higher cortical functions
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia
CUI: C2370893
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 311465003

pain
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0030193
exam part: SX

pain in cervical spine
type: Class
subclass of: spine pain
CUI: C0423674

pain in lumbosacral spine
type: Class
subclass of: spine pain
CUI: C0423681

pain in thoracic spine
type: Class
subclass of: spine pain
CUI: C0677061

palilalia
type: Class
subclass of: speech finding
CUI: C0392185
exam part: MS
is defined by: The involuntary repetition of syllables or words while speaking. It is a form of verbal perseverative behavior.

palinopsia
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0233652
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 25462005

pallor of optic disk
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0554970
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 302200001
is defined by: A pale yellow discoloration of the optic disk (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). The optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression.

palmomental reflex present
type: Class
subclass of: primitive reflex finding
CUI: C0576496
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299747007
is defined by: The palmo-mental reflex (palm-chin reflex) is the contraction of the mentalis and orbicularis oris muscles causing wrinkling of the skin of the chin with slight retraction of the angle of the mouth as caused by stroking the skin of the ipsilateral palm.

palpebral ptosis
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid ptosis
CUI: C4539245
exam part: CN

papilledema
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0030353
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 423341008
is defined by: swelling of the optic disk, usually in association with increased intracranial pressure, characterized by hyperemia, blurring of the disk margins, microhemorrhages, blind spot enlargement, and engorgement of retinal veins.
see also: optic_papillitis; optic_disc_edema; optic_disc_swelling; choked_disc

paracecal scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C0544679
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 193671003

paracentral scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C0271197
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 64418005

paralysis or weakness
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0497294
exam part: SX

paranoia
type: Class
subclass of: thought process finding
CUI: C1456784
exam part: MS

paraparesis
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0221166
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 1845001
is defined by: Weakness or partial paralysis in the lower limbs.

paraphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0234488
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 53096005

paraplegia
type: Class
subclass of: paraparesis
CUI: C0030486
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 60389000
is defined by: Complete or partial loss of movement in the lower part of the body, including both legs

paraplegic gait
type: Class
subclass of: spastic gait
CUI: C0427159
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 250035005

paresis
type: Class
subclass of: motor finding
CUI: C0030552
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 41786007
is defined by: A general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for paralysis (severe or complete loss of motor function).

paresthesia
type: Class
subclass of: sensory symptoms
CUI: C0030554
exam part: symptoms
SNOMED: 91019004
is defined by: Abnormal sensations such as tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause.

paresthesias of arm
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesia
CUI: C0587058
exam part: SX

paresthesias of leg
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesia
CUI: C0948992

parkinsonian gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0427160
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 250036006

partial hearing loss
type: Class
subclass of: hearing impaired
CUI: C0018772
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 343087000

partial third nerve palsy
type: Class
subclass of: third nerve palsy
CUI: C0271370
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 194118007

past pointing
type: Class
subclass of: hypermetria
CUI: C0234164
exam part: coordination_finding
SNOMED: 49768006

patellar clonus
type: Class
subclass of: clonus
CUI: C0520823
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 54360005

pendular nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: nystagmus
CUI: C0271388
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 35743001
is defined by: Rhythmic, involuntary sinusoidal oscillations of one or both eyes. The waveform of pendular nystagmus may occur in any direction.

percussion myotonia
type: Class
subclass of: myotonia
CUI: C0751359
exam part: MOTOR
is defined by: A localized myotonic contraction in a muscle in reaction to percussion (tapping with the examiner's finger, a rubber percussion hammer, or a similar object).

peroneal muscle atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy lower limb
CUI: C1389118
exam part: ATROPHY

perseveration
type: Class
subclass of: loss of executive functions
CUI: C0233651
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 44515000
is defined by: Persistent repetition of a response to different and perhaps inappropriate stimuli which may be due to a refusal or an inability to interrupt one's behavior or to change from one task to another.

personality change
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0240735
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 102943000
is defined by: A disorder characterized by a conspicuous change in a person's behavior and thinking.

phonophobia
type: Class
subclass of: hyperacusis
CUI: C0751466
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 313387002
is defined by: An abnormally heightened sensitivity to loud sounds

photophobia
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0085636
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 409668002
is defined by: Excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light.

plantar response
type: Class
subclass of: reflex finding
CUI: C0437428
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 163852006

pontine one and one half syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: gaze palsy
CUI: C1282373
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 314783008

poor balance
type: Class
subclass of: loss of equilibrium
CUI: C0234964
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 249985001
is defined by: Poor balance is an inability to stand upright.
see also: bad_balance; impaired_balance; imbalance

poor coordination
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C0563243
exam part: SX

poor erection
type: Class
subclass of: urinary symptoms
CUI: C0541940
exam part: SX

poor eye contact
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal affect
CUI: C1445953
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 412786000

poor hygiene
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0745076
exam part: SX
is defined by: Poor hygiene can be a sign of self-neglect, which is the inability or unwillingness to attend to one's personal needs. Poor hygiene often accompanies certain mental or emotional disorders, including severe depression and psychotic disorders. Dementia is another common cause of poor hygiene.

poor long term memory
type: Class
subclass of: impaired memory
CUI: C0701810
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 247588002

poor palatal elevation
type: Class
subclass of: impaired elevation of soft palate
CUI: C4227456

poor short term memory
type: Class
subclass of: impaired memory
CUI: C0701811
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 247592009

poor visual attention
type: Class
subclass of: impaired attention
CUI: C3553454
exam part: MS

port wine stain nevus
type: Class
subclass of: skin finding
CUI: C0206733
exam part: SKIN

post ictal Todds paralysis
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal hemiparesis
CUI: D0000164

post ictal aggressiveness
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000144

post ictal amnesia
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000145

post ictal aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal speech difficulty
CUI: D0000147

post ictal confusion
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000148

post ictal cough
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000149

post ictal disorientation
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal confusion
CUI: D0000150

post ictal drowsiness
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal lethargy
CUI: D0000151

post ictal euphoria
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000152

post ictal finding
type: Class
CUI: D0000153

post ictal frustration
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000154

post ictal headache
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000155

post ictal hemiparesis
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000156

post ictal hunger
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000157

post ictal lethargy
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000158

post ictal myalgias
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000159

post ictal nausea
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000160

post ictal nose wiping
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000161

post ictal psychosis
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000335

post ictal sleepiness
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal lethargy
CUI: D0000162

post ictal speech difficulty
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000163

post ictal visual field defect
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000165

post ictal vomiting
type: Class
subclass of: post ictal finding
CUI: D0000166

postural hand tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C1865820
exam part: EP

primitive reflex finding
type: Class
subclass of: reflex finding
CUI: C1287652
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 366121000

prodrome dysphoria
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000167

prodrome euphoria
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000325

prodrome finding
type: Class
CUI: D0000168

prodrome headache
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000169

prodrome irritability
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000170

prodrome mood change
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000324

prodrome personality change
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000171

prodrome sleep alteration
type: Class
subclass of: prodrome finding
CUI: D0000323

profound deafness
type: Class
subclass of: deafness
CUI: C1864817

progressive developmental delay
type: Class
subclass of: developmental delay
CUI: C2673430

pronator drift
type: Class
subclass of: proximal muscle weakness
CUI: C1504476
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 428334004

proptosis
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0015300
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 18265008
is defined by: An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical. Also known as exophthalmos.

prosopagnosia
type: Class
subclass of: visual agnosia
CUI: C0234512
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 18358003
is defined by: The inability to recognize a familiar face or to learn to recognize new faces. This visual agnosia is most often associated with lesions involving the junctional regions between the temporal and occipital lobes. The majority of cases are associated with bilateral lesions, however unilateral damage to the right occipito-temporal cortex has also been associated with this condition
see also: face_agnosia; face_blindness

provocation acoustic stimuli
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000172

provocation alcohol use
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000173

provocation awakening
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000174

provocation fatigue
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000175

provocation fever
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000176

provocation hyperventilation
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000177

provocation hypoglycemia
type: Class
subclass of: provocation missed meal or hunger
CUI: D0000178

provocation hypoxemia
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000179

provocation light flickering
type: Class
subclass of: provocation photosensitive
CUI: D0000180

provocation menses
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000181

provocation missed meal or hunger
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000182

provocation music
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000183

provocation photosensitive
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000184

provocation reading
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000185

provocation sleep
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000186

provocation sleep deprivation
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000187

provocation startle
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000188

provocation stress
type: Class
subclass of: provocations
CUI: D0000189

provocations
type: Class
CUI: D0000190

proximal amyotrophy
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy
CUI: C1850794
exam part: ATROPHY
is defined by: Amyotrophy (muscular atrophy) affecting the proximal musculature

proximal muscle weakness
type: Class
subclass of: paresis
CUI: C0221629
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 249939004
is defined by: A lack of strength of the proximal muscles

proximal muscle weakness limb girdle distribution
type: Class
subclass of: proximal muscle weakness
CUI: C3809138
exam part: WEAK

proximal weakness of the lower extremities
type: Class
subclass of: proximal muscle weakness
CUI: C2674839
exam part: WEAK

pseudobulbar palsy
type: Class
subclass of: paresis
CUI: C0033790
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 7379000
is defined by: Bilateral impairment of the function of the cranial nerves 9-12, which control musculature involved in eating, swallowing, and speech. Pseudobulbar paralysis is characterized clinically by dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia with bifacial paralysis, and may be accompanied by Pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms such as enforced crying and laughing.

pseudopapilledema
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0155300
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 57138009

pseudoptosis
type: Class
subclass of: disorders of eyelid
CUI: C0271312
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 58200004

psychogenic vomiting
type: Class
subclass of: conversion disorder
CUI: C0233757
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 37224001

psychomotor retardation
type: Class
subclass of: impaired cognition
CUI: C0424230
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 398991009
is defined by: Abnormally slow thought processes and physical movement.
see also: pyschomotor impairment; motor retrdation

ptosis
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid ptosis
CUI: C0033377
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 29696001

ptosis of left eyelid
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid ptosis
CUI: C2143081
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 335151000119107

ptosis of right eyelid
type: Class
subclass of: eyelid ptosis
CUI: C2143083
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 340761000119100

pupil finding
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C0423296
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 247010007

pyramidal type weakness
type: Class
subclass of: hemiparesis
CUI: C0427069
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 249946008

quadrantanopia
type: Class
subclass of: visual field defect
CUI: C0544680
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 82180009

quadrantic scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: scotoma
CUI: C1268591
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 129626006

quadriparesis
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0270790
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 91327001
is defined by: Weakness of all four limbs.

quadriplegia
type: Class
subclass of: quadriparesis
CUI: C0034372
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 11538006
is defined by: Severe or complete loss of motor function in all four limbs which may result from bain diseases; spinal cord diseases; peripheral nerve diseases; neuromuscular diseases; or rarely muscular diseases. The locked-in syndrome is characterized by quadriplegia in combination with cranial muscle paralysis. Consciousness is spared and the only retained voluntary motor activity may be limited eye movements. This condition is usually caused by a lesion in the upper brainstem which injures the descending cortico-spinal and cortico-bulbar tracts.

radiating back pain
type: Class
subclass of: radiating pain
CUI: C0850629
exam part: SX

radiating lumbosacral back pain
type: Class
subclass of: radiating back pain
CUI: C0850146
exam part: SX

radiating pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0234254
exam part: SX

radiating thoracic back pain
type: Class
subclass of: radiating back pain
CUI: C0848194
exam part: SX

rebound dysmetria
type: Class
subclass of: ataxia
CUI: C0234163
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 28581003

receptive aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: Wernicke aphasia
CUI: C0454578
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229664007

reduced exercise tolerance
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0424551
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 267044007
is defined by: Reduced ability to withstand or participate in activities that induce physical or mental exertion.

reduced vision in bright light
type: Class
subclass of: reduced visual acuity
CUI: C4313370
exam part: VIS

reduced visual acuity
type: Class
subclass of: visual impairment
CUI: C0234632
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 13164000
is defined by: Diminished clarity of vision

reflex finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C0596002
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 106146005
is defined by: Examination of the reflexes includes deep tendon reflexes (muscle stretch reflexes), cranial nerve reflexes, primitive reflexes, cutaneous reflexes, and the plantar response.

respiratory symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0037090
exam part: SX

resting tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0234379
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 25082004
is defined by: A resting tremor occurs when muscles are at rest and becomes less noticeable or disappears when the affected muscles are moved. Resting tremors are often slow and coarse
see also: pill rolling tremor

restless
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C3887611
SNOMED: 162221009
is defined by: An inability to rest, relax, or be still.

retinal arteriolar occlusion
type: Class
subclass of: retinal artery occlusion
CUI: C4024761
exam part: CN

retinal artery occlusion
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0035302
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 232035005
is defined by: An occlusion of the retinal artery.

retinal hemorrhage
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C0035317
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 28998008
is defined by: Hemorrhage occurring within the retina.

retraction nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: nystagmus
CUI: C0520731
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 9074007

retrocollis
type: Class
subclass of: torticollis
CUI: C3887667
is defined by: A form of torticollis in which the head is drawn back, either due to a permanent contractures of neck extensor muscles, or to a spasmodic contracture.

retroorbital eye pain
type: Class
subclass of: eye pain
CUI: C0743724
exam part: SX

retropulsion
type: Class
subclass of: loss of equilibrium
CUI: C0277845
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 35136003
is defined by: Retropulsion is a form of balance instability in which patients fall backwards. It commonly observed in patients with balance difficulties due to Parkinson's disease.

reverse ocular bobbing
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0585559
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 307691008
is defined by: Reverse ocular bobbing is an abnormal spontaneous eye movement in which the eyes move rapidly and conjugately upwards (fast phase), followed by a slow drift (slow phase) back to the primary position (that is, the reverse of ocular bobbing—fast conjugate downwards deviation, with a slow return up to the midline). This eye movement disorder may be seen in patients with viral encephalitis, metabolic encephalopathy, and in those with pontine lesions.

right-left confusion
type: Class
subclass of: Gerstmann syndrome
CUI: C0422885
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 1943009
see also: left-right_confusion; left-right_disorientation

right carotid bruit
type: Class
subclass of: carotid bruit
CUI: C0694543
exam part: NECK

right equivocal plantar response
type: Class
subclass of: equivocal plantar response
CUI: C0576643
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299895008

right facial droop
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C3842071
exam part: CN

right foot drop
type: Class
subclass of: foot drop
CUI: C4280872
exam part: WEAK

right hemiparesis
type: Class
subclass of: hemiparesis
CUI: C0457435
exam part: WEAK

right hemiplegia
type: Class
subclass of: hemiplegia
CUI: C0457433
SNOMED: 278284007

right homonymous hemianopia
type: Class
subclass of: homonymous hemianopia
CUI: C0271203
SNOMED: 5591009

right proptosis
type: Class
subclass of: proptosis
CUI: C2126061
exam part: CN
is defined by: Bulging forward of the right eye. Right exophthalmos.

right sided headache
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C2219285
exam part: SX

risk OSA
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000201

risk asphyxia anoxia
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000191

risk concussion
type: Class
subclass of: risk head injury
CUI: D0000192

risk dementia
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000193

risk encephalitis
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000194

risk factor
type: Class
CUI: D0000195

risk family history psychiatric disease
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000337

risk family history seizures
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000196

risk febrile seizures
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000197

risk head injury
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000198

risk hepatic failure
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000199

risk medication noncompliance
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000200

risk perinatal brain insult
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000202

risk prior stroke
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000203

risk psychiatric disease
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000336

risk renal failure
type: Class
subclass of: risk factor
CUI: D0000204

rooting reflex present
type: Class
subclass of: primitive reflex finding
CUI: C0576499
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299750005
is defined by: A rooting (searching) reflex is when the lips and mouth deviate toward a tactile stimulus delivered to the cheek or near the mouth.

rotatory nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: nystagmus
CUI: C0240595
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 95783006
is defined by: A form of nystagmus in which the eyeball makes rotary motions around the axis.

saccadic eye movement deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0234649
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 79161002

saccadic intrusions
type: Class
subclass of: saccadic eye movement deficiency
CUI: C1854375
exam part: CN

sacral root injury
type: Class
subclass of: sensory loss in root distribution
CUI: C0161445
exam part: SENSORY

saddle area numbness
type: Class
subclass of: numbness
CUI: C3266098

scanning dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic dysarthria
CUI: C0240952

scanning speech
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic dysarthria
CUI: C0278184
SNOMED: 77420001
is defined by: Scanning speech is a type of ataxic dysarthria in which spoken words are broken up into separate syllables, often separated by a noticeable pause, and spoken with varying force.

scintillations
type: Class
subclass of: abnormal vision
CUI: C0678573
exam part: SX

scotoma
type: Class
subclass of: visual field defect
CUI: C0036454
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 23388006
is defined by: Localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision.

scotoma of blind spot area right eye
type: Class
subclass of: enlarged blind spot
CUI: C2881395
exam part: VIS

scotoma of blind spot left eye
type: Class
subclass of: enlarged blind spot
CUI: C2881396
exam part: VIS

see saw nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: pendular nystagmus
CUI: C0344243
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 95782001
is defined by: Seesaw nystagmus is a type of pendular nystagmus where a half cycle consists of the elevation and intorsion of one eye, concurrently with the depression and extortion of the fellow eye. In the other half cycle, there is an inversion of the ocular movements.

seizures
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0036572
exam part: SX

selective mutism
type: Class
subclass of: mutism
CUI: C0236818
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 71959007
is defined by: A voluntary form of mutism, often associated with psychiatric illness.

semantic aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0234482
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 331652006

senile tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0149840
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 112109002

sensation absent
type: Class
subclass of: absent sensation
CUI: C3842091
exam part: SENSORY

sensory ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: ataxia
CUI: C0240991
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 445458007
comment: Proprioceptive deficits may produce truncal or appendicular ataxia that resembles cerebellar ataxia. The Romberg test may disclose that the truncal ataxia is due to proprioceptive as opposed to cerebellar dysfunction if the patient begins to sway with feet together when the eyes are closed.

sensory finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C1291731
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 106147001

sensory level
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C1262068
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level
CUI: C2016535
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature below C5
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to pain and temperature
CUI: C2016544
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature below C7
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to pain and temperature
CUI: C2016539
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature below T10
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to pain and temperature
CUI: C2016549
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature below T12
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to pain and temperature
CUI: C2016548
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature below T2
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to pain and temperature
CUI: C2016536
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to pain and temperature below T4
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to pain and temperature
CUI: C2016542
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level
CUI: C2054088
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch at C5
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to touch
CUI: C2054098
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch at C7
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to touch
CUI: C2054092
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch at T10
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to touch
CUI: C2054104
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch at T12
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to touch
CUI: C2054101
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch at T2
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to touch
CUI: C2054091
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to touch at T4
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to touch
CUI: C2054095
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to vibration
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level
CUI: C2189597
exam part: SENSORY

sensory level to vibration at clavicles
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to vibration
CUI: C2189598

sensory level to vibration at iliac spine
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to vibration
CUI: C2189601

sensory level to vibration at xiphisternum
type: Class
subclass of: sensory level to vibration
CUI: C2189604

sensory loss in nerve distribution
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C2016489
exam part: SENSORY

sensory loss in root distribution
type: Class
subclass of: hypesthesia
CUI: C2016490
exam part: SENSORY

sensory symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0423551
exam part: SX

severe headache
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C2957106
exam part: SX

severe headache with sudden onset
type: Class
subclass of: severe headache
CUI: C2203729
exam part: SX

shagreen patch
type: Class
subclass of: skin finding
CUI: C0432363
exam part: SKIN

sharp headache
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C0751190
exam part: SX

short stature
type: Class
subclass of: endocrine symptoms
CUI: C0349588

shortness of breath
type: Class
subclass of: automatisms
CUI: C0013404
exam part: SX

shoulder numbness
type: Class
subclass of: numbness
CUI: C0863108
exam part: SX

shoulder pain
type: Class
subclass of: pain
CUI: C0037011
exam part: SX

shuffling gait
type: Class
subclass of: parkinsonian gait
CUI: C0231688
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 43005009

simple partial seizure
type: Class
subclass of: seizures
CUI: C0086240
exam part: SX

simultanagnosia
type: Class
subclass of: Balint syndrome
CUI: C0563620
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 285755009

sixth nerve palsy
type: Class
subclass of: limited eye movements
CUI: C0848209
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 398760006

sixth nerve palsy left eye
type: Class
subclass of: sixth nerve palsy
CUI: C2881290
exam part: CN

sixth nerve palsy right eye
type: Class
subclass of: sixth nerve palsy
CUI: C2881289
exam part: CN

skeletal muscle atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy
CUI: C0541794
exam part: ATROPHY
is defined by: A process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse.

skew deviation
type: Class
subclass of: dysconjugate gaze
CUI: C0271381
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 40631009

skin finding
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C0455205

skin symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0586407
exam part: SX

sleep paralysis
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C0456511
exam part: SX
is defined by: An inability to move the body at sleep onset or upon awakening from sleep lasting seconds to a few minutes.

sleep related hallucinations
type: Class
subclass of: sleep symptoms
CUI: C2919925
exam part: SX

sleep symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C2232698
exam part: SX

slow gait
type: Class
subclass of: parkinsonian gait
CUI: C1851908
exam part: GAIT

slow saccades
type: Class
subclass of: saccadic eye movement deficiency
CUI: C1321329
exam part: CN

slow speech
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C1859270
exam part: SX

slurred speech
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C0234518
exam part: SX

small head circumference
type: Class
subclass of: head finding
CUI: C0424688
exam part: HEAD

small optic disc
type: Class
subclass of: optic disc finding
CUI: C1828214
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 423389004

small pupil
type: Class
subclass of: miosis
CUI: C0728710
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 301939004

smooth pursuit deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: eye movement disorder
CUI: C0155382
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 194176002

snout reflex present
type: Class
subclass of: primitive reflex finding
CUI: C0576502
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299753007
is defined by: The snout reflex is puckering and protrusion of the lips upon pressing firmly on the philtrum of the upper lip or tapping on the on the lips. It is a primitive release reflex generally indicative of frontal lobe injury.

somnulence
type: Class
subclass of: altered consciousness
CUI: C2830004
SNOMED: 271782001
is defined by: Excessive sleepiness and drowsiness

spastic diplegia
type: Class
subclass of: diplegia
CUI: C0023882
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 281411007
is defined by: Spasticity (neuromuscular hypertonia) primarily in the muscles of the legs, hips, and pelvis.

spastic dysarthria
type: Class
subclass of: dysarthria
CUI: C0454596
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229684006
is defined by: A type of dysarthria related to bilateral damage of the upper motor neuron tracts of the pyramidal and extra- pyramidal tracts. Speech of affected individuals is slow, effortful, and has a harsh vocal quality.

spastic gait
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C0231687
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 9447003

spasticity
type: Class
subclass of: hypertonia
CUI: C0026838
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 221360009
is defined by: A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.

spatial disorientation
type: Class
subclass of: other higher cortical functions
CUI: C0422893
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 112077003

speech finding
type: Class
subclass of: mental status finding
CUI: C0566622
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 106132005

speech impairment
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0233715
exam part: SX

spinal injury
type: Class
subclass of: trauma
CUI: C0037937
exam part: SX

spine pain
type: Class
subclass of: backache
CUI: C0423673
exam part: SX

staggering gait
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic gait
CUI: C0701824
SNOMED: 78691002

startle myoclonus
type: Class
subclass of: hyperexplexia
CUI: C1836826
exam part: EP

static encephalopathy
type: Class
subclass of: encephalopathy
CUI: C3662068
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 47311000119103

stereognosis impaired
type: Class
subclass of: tactile agnosia
CUI: C0437345
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 163754003

stiff gait
type: Class
subclass of: stiff legged gait
CUI: C1861462
exam part: GAIT

stiff legged gait
type: Class
subclass of: spastic gait
CUI: C0427140
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 310021000009109

stocking sensory loss
type: Class
subclass of: decreased tactile sensation in distal extremities glove and stocking
CUI: C0277852
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 66085007

stooped posture
type: Class
subclass of: hypokinesia
CUI: C4476759
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 87068006
is defined by: A habitual positioning of the body with the head and upper back bent forward

strabismus
type: Class
subclass of: dysconjugate gaze
CUI: C0038379
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 22066006
is defined by: Strabismus (also known as squint) is a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned with each other.
see also: squint; heterotropia

straight leg raising reduced
type: Class
subclass of: straight leg raising test positive
CUI: C0575461
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 298687002
is defined by: With patient lying comfortably on his or her back, the examiner gently life the extended leg off the examination table. The patient reports when they experience low back pain or pain radiating down the leg
see also: positive_straight_leg_raising_test; Laseque_sign

straight leg raising test positive
type: Class
subclass of: sensory finding
CUI: C0241261
exam part: SENSORY

stupor obtunded
type: Class
subclass of: impaired alertness
CUI: C0085628
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 89458003
is defined by: A state of reduced sensibility and response to stimuli which is distinguished from coma in that the person can be aroused by vigorous and repeated stimulation. The person is still conscious and can make voluntary movements. Stupor is more severe than drowsiness and stuporous patients may not achieve full consciousness even with vigorous stimulation.
see also: obtundation; stuporous; obtunded

stuttering
type: Class
subclass of: lack of speech fluency
CUI: C0038506
exam part: MS
is defined by: Disorder in which speech is involuntarily interrupted by hesitations, repetitions, and spasms of the muscles involved in breathing or vocalization.

subcortical aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0234483
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 5934007

subungual fibroma
type: Class
subclass of: skin finding
CUI: C0266003
exam part: SKIN

sucking reflex present
type: Class
subclass of: primitive reflex finding
CUI: C0576505
exam part: REFLEX
SNOMED: 299756004
is defined by: The sucking reflex is elicited by lightly touching the lips causing sucking movements of the lips and tongue. It is normal in infants but abnormal in adults.

suicidal
type: Class
subclass of: depressed
CUI: C0438696
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 267073005

supraorbital pain
type: Class
subclass of: eye pain
CUI: C2037494
exam part: SX

swallowing reflex absent
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0576509
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 299760001

symptom
type: Class
subclass of: interictal finding
CUI: C1457887
exam part: SX
is defined by: Usually a complaint by the patient that is indicative of a disease process.

syncope
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C0039070
exam part: SX

tactile agnosia
type: Class
subclass of: agnosia
CUI: C0234505
SNOMED: 25094008
is defined by: Inability to recognize the form of objects by touch without visual input. That is, an impairment in the recognition of objects based only on based on the texture, size, weight and three-dimensional form of the object in the absence of any major somatosensory deficit.

tactile extinction
type: Class
subclass of: extinction
CUI: C0278135
exam part: MS

tactile inattention
type: Class
subclass of: extinction and neglect
CUI: C2039768
exam part: MS

tandem gait test abnormal
type: Class
subclass of: gait finding
CUI: C1142034
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 401211005
is defined by: Reduced ability to walk in a straight line while placing the feet heal to toe

tangential thinking
type: Class
subclass of: thought process finding
CUI: C0558067
SNOMED: 74396008

tardive dyskinesia
type: Class
subclass of: dyskinesia
CUI: C0686347
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 102449007
is defined by: iatrogenic extrapyramidal disorder produced by long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs; characterized by oral/lingual/buccal dyskinesias and choreoathetoid movements of the extremities.

tearing
type: Class
subclass of: visual symptoms
CUI: C0423153
exam part: SX

tendency to fall
type: Class
subclass of: falling down
CUI: C2830327

thenar eminence atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: muscle atrophy hand
CUI: C0241360

thermal hypesthesia
type: Class
subclass of: decreased pain and temperature sensation
CUI: C0234190
exam part: SENSORY
SNOMED: 1140008

third nerve palsy
type: Class
subclass of: limited eye movements
CUI: C0271371
exam part: CN

third nerve palsy left eye
type: Class
subclass of: third nerve palsy
CUI: C2881282
exam part: CN

third nerve palsy right eye
type: Class
subclass of: third nerve palsy
CUI: C2881281
exam part: CN

thoracic back pain
type: Class
subclass of: backache
CUI: C0423684
exam part: SX

thoracic root injury
type: Class
subclass of: sensory loss in root distribution
CUI: C0161443
exam part: SENSORY

thought process finding
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C1286920
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 365252004

threatening behavior
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0562573
SNOMED: 284614009

throbbing headache
type: Class
subclass of: headache
CUI: C0423618
exam part: SX

tic
type: Class
subclass of: movement disorder
CUI: C0040188
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 568005
is defined by: Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition.

tingling in fingers
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesias of arm
CUI: C0850630
exam part: SX

tingling of feet
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesias of leg
CUI: C2116331

tingling of skin
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesia
CUI: C0235050

tinnitus
type: Class
subclass of: ENT symptoms
CUI: C0040264
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 60862001
is defined by: symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, roaring or other noises in the ear.

tinnitus left ear
type: Class
subclass of: tinnitus
CUI: C2116482
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 4841000119106

tinnitus right ear
type: Class
subclass of: tinnitus
CUI: C2116484
exam part: SX

titubation
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0231690
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 78691002
is defined by: Nodding movement of the head or body.

tongue atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: wasting of tongue
CUI: C0241423
SNOMED: 50805004

tongue is weak
type: Class
subclass of: tongue weakness
CUI: C0235075
exam part: CN

tongue weakness
type: Class
subclass of: difficulty moving tongue
CUI: C3277232
exam part: CN

tonic clonic seizure
type: Class
subclass of: seizures
CUI: C0494475
exam part: SX

tonic pupil
type: Class
subclass of: pupil finding
CUI: C0040416
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 24225004
is defined by: Either no or sluggish response to light (both direct and consensual responses. Thought to be caused from denervation in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve. Associated with Holmes-Adie syndrome described with Adie's pupil and absent deep tendon reflexes. Overall, this is a benign process (including Holmes-Adie syndrome)

topographical agnosia
type: Class
subclass of: agnosia
CUI: C0271189
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 83824009

torticollis
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C0040485
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 270476009
is defined by: Involuntary contractions of the neck musculature resulting in an abnormal posture of or abnormal movements of the head.

total third nerve palsy
type: Class
subclass of: third nerve palsy
CUI: C0028866
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 388980004
is defined by: Diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. With a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. Commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especially in association with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysmal compression.

transcortical aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: aphasia
CUI: C0679447
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 130990006

transcortical motor aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: transcortical aphasia
CUI: C0454562
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229655002

transcortical sensory aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: transcortical aphasia
CUI: C0454568
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 229658000

transient amnesia
type: Class
subclass of: cognitive symptoms
CUI: C0233796
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 307413004
is defined by: A temporary and reversible loss of memory.

transient aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C4524123
exam part: SX

transient disturbance of consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0858596
exam part: SX

transient loss of consciousness
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C4087400
exam part: SX

transient visual loss
type: Class
subclass of: amaurosis fugax
CUI: C1142390
exam part: SX

transient weakness
type: Class
subclass of: neuromuscular symptoms
CUI: C2183888
exam part: SX

trauma
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C3714660
exam part: SX

tremor
type: Class
subclass of: movement disorder
CUI: C0040822
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 26079004
is defined by: An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. Tremors are classified by their etiology (familial, parkinsonian, etc.), their location (head, limb, etc.), frequency (slow or fast), or eleciting factor (rest, action, etc.),

tremor in hands
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0239842
exam part: EP

truncal ataxia
type: Class
subclass of: ataxia
CUI: C0427190
exam part: COOR
SNOMED: 250067008
comment: Truncal ataxia is manifested by swaying while standing or walking. Its origins may reflect dysfunction of cerebellar or proprioceptive systems.

truncal dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: dystonic disorder
CUI: C4228843
exam part: MOTOR

trunk paresthesia
type: Class
subclass of: paresthesia
CUI: C0241498

unable to protrude tongue
type: Class
subclass of: tongue weakness
CUI: C0426983
exam part: CN

unable to read
type: Class
subclass of: alexia
CUI: C0586741
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 309252004

unable to stand
type: Class
subclass of: loss of equilibrium
CUI: C0560885
exam part: BALANCE

unable to talk
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C0278249
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 286375007
see also: mute; no_speech

unconscious
type: Class
subclass of: unresponsive
CUI: C0041657
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 418107008
is defined by: Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli.

uncooperative
type: Class
subclass of: mental and psychological observations
CUI: C0424350
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 248042003
is defined by: not willing to do what someone wants or asks for; not cooperative

unilateral neglect
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory neglect
CUI: C0150088
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 32422007
is defined by: Impairment in sensory and motor response, mental representation, and spatial attention of the body, and the corresponding environment, characterized by inattention to one side and overattention to the opposite side. Left-side neglect is more severe and persistent than right-side neglect.

unkempt
type: Class
subclass of: behavioral symptoms
CUI: C0233429
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 46017004
is defined by: deficient in order or neatness

unresponsive
type: Class
subclass of: impaired alertness
CUI: C0237284
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 422768004

unresponsive to painful stimuli
type: Class
subclass of: unresponsive to stimuli
CUI: C1262130
exam part: MS

unresponsive to stimuli
type: Class
subclass of: unresponsive
CUI: C0857494
exam part: MS

unresponsive to verbal stimuli
type: Class
subclass of: unresponsive to stimuli
CUI: C1504376
exam part: MS

unresponsiveness
type: Class
subclass of: unresponsive
CUI: C0241526
exam part: MS

unsteady gait
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic gait
CUI: C0231686
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 22631008
is defined by: A shaky or wobbly manner of walking.

unsteady waddling gait
type: Class
subclass of: waddling gait
CUI: C4227868

unsteady when standing
type: Class
subclass of: loss of equilibrium
CUI: C0427117
exam part: BALANCE
SNOMED: 249990003
is defined by: Unsteady when standing is characterized by swaying or falling of the patient when standing upright.

unsteady wide based gait
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic gait
CUI: C4229671

upper and lower limb weakness
type: Class
subclass of: generalized weakness
CUI: C4313875
exam part: WEAK

upper facial weakness
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C0575058
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 298281008

upper limb dysmetria
type: Class
subclass of: dysmetria
CUI: C3280708
exam part: COOR

upper limb dystonia
type: Class
subclass of: limb dystonia
CUI: C1843267

upper limb hyperreflexia
type: Class
subclass of: brisk tendon reflex
CUI: C1843175

upper limb nerve lesion
type: Class
subclass of: sensory loss in nerve distribution
CUI: C0574717

upper limb numbness
type: Class
subclass of: numbness
CUI: C0241538
exam part: SX

upper limb spasticity
type: Class
subclass of: limb spasticity
CUI: C1273957
exam part: MOTOR
SNOMED: 394680009

urinary frequency
type: Class
subclass of: urinary symptoms
CUI: C0042023
exam part: SX
is defined by: Urination at short intervals; it may result from increased urine formation, decreased bladder capacity, or lower urinary tract irritation.

urinary incontinence
type: Class
subclass of: urinary symptoms
CUI: C0042024
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 165232002
is defined by: Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.

urinary retention
type: Class
subclass of: urinary symptoms
CUI: C0080274
SNOMED: 130951007
is defined by: Inability to completely empty the urinary bladder during the process of urination

urinary symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0426359
exam part: SX

vagal hoarseness
type: Class
subclass of: hoarseness
CUI: C0270882
SNOMED: 45655002
SNOMED: 50219008
is defined by: Hoarseness refers to a change in the pitch or quality of the voice, with the voice sounding weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky.

verbal paraphasia
type: Class
subclass of: paraphasia
CUI: C0234491
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 4381006

vertical diplopia
type: Class
subclass of: diplopia
CUI: C0751079

vertical gaze palsy
type: Class
subclass of: gaze palsy
CUI: C0339652
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 246773002
is defined by: A vertical gaze palsy may be the inability to look upward or downward.
see also: poor upgaze; upgaze palsy; upgaze weakness

vertical nystagmus
type: Class
subclass of: nystagmus
CUI: C0271386
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 111533001
is defined by: Vertical nystagmus may present with either up-beating or down-beating eye movements or both. When present in the straight-ahead position of gaze it is referred to as upbeat nystagmus or downbeat nystagmus.

vertigo
type: Class
subclass of: ENT symptoms
CUI: C0042571
exam part: SX
is defined by: Vertigo is a symptom, rather than a condition itself. It's the sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning

vesciular rash
type: Class
subclass of: skin symptoms
CUI: C0221203
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 53788007

vestibulo-ocular reflex abnormal
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve reflex finding
CUI: C0576567
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 299818006
see also: Dolls_head_reflex_absent; Dolls_head_reflex_abnormal

vibration sense absent
type: Class
subclass of: decreased vibratory sense
CUI: C0558843
SNOMED: 274816000

visual agnosia
type: Class
subclass of: agnosia
CUI: C0234502
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 25762009
is defined by: Difficulty in recognizing objects by visual input in absence of sensorial visual impairment

visual field defect
type: Class
subclass of: visual impairment
CUI: C3887875
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 12184005
is defined by: An absolute or relative reduction in the extent of the normal field of vision

visual gaze preference
type: Class
subclass of: limited eye movements
CUI: C4476823
exam part: CN
see also: gaze preference

visual hallucination
type: Class
subclass of: hallucination
CUI: C0233763
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 64269007
is defined by: Optical perception of an object, person or event in the absence of a corresponding stimulus.

visual impairment
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve finding
CUI: C3665347
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 397540003

visual inattention
type: Class
subclass of: extinction and neglect
CUI: C1856977
exam part: MS

visual neglect
type: Class
subclass of: hemisensory neglect
CUI: C0423000
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 246670009

visual obscuration
type: Class
subclass of: visual field defect
CUI: C1321318
exam part: VIS
SNOMED: 404666000

visual spatial memory deficit
type: Class
subclass of: impaired memory
CUI: C4228414

visual symptoms
type: Class
subclass of: symptom
CUI: C0422943
exam part: SX

vocal cord palsy
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C0042928
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 302912005
is defined by: A loss of the ability to move the vocal folds.

vocal tic
type: Class
subclass of: tic
CUI: C0751901
exam part: MOTOR

voice change
type: Class
subclass of: speech impairment
CUI: C0518179
exam part: SX

voice tremor
type: Class
subclass of: tremor
CUI: C0234808
exam part: EP
SNOMED: 55938009

vomiting
type: Class
subclass of: GI symptoms
CUI: C0042963
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 249497008

waddling gait
type: Class
subclass of: myopathic gait
CUI: C0231712
exam part: GAIT
SNOMED: 271706000
is defined by: Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling.

wasting of tongue
type: Class
subclass of: denervation atrophy of tongue
CUI: C0426494
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249382006

weak cough
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 9 10 finding
CUI: C2202983
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 248590003

weak eye closure
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C0427059
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249935005

weak right hand
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of right hand
CUI: C2202993
exam part: WEAK

weak vocie
type: Class
subclass of: hypophonia
CUI: C0241700
exam part: MS

weakness finger flexors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C4477022
exam part: WEAK
is defined by: Reduced ability to flex (bend) the fingers. This can manifest as incomplete closure of the hand due to weakness in finger flexion.

weakness in both legs
type: Class
subclass of: paraparesis
CUI: C2219734
exam part: WEAK

weakness left face
type: Class
subclass of: facial paresis
CUI: C4543253
exam part: CN

weakness of abdominals
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of muscle group
CUI: C4062696
exam part: WEAK

weakness of anal sphincter
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of muscle group
CUI: C0426766
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 249647002

weakness of ankle
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C2228039
exam part: WEAK
is defined by: Reduced strength of the muscles that lift or otherwise move the foot at the ankle.

weakness of ankle dorsiflexion
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of ankle
CUI: C2230515
exam part: WEAK

weakness of ankle eversion
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of ankle
CUI: C2230518
exam part: WEAK

weakness of ankle inversion
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of ankle
CUI: C2230517
exam part: WEAK

weakness of ankle plantar flexion
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of ankle
CUI: C2230516
exam part: WEAK

weakness of arm
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0751409
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 249944006

weakness of biceps
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C0741478

weakness of deltoid
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C2230475

weakness of finger abduction left hand
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C2070310
exam part: WEAK

weakness of finger abduction of right hand
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C2070309
exam part: WEAK

weakness of finger extensors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C1832298
exam part: WEAK

weakness of fingers
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hand
CUI: C0744034

weakness of foot
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C0576233
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 299471001

weakness of forearm
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C2202998

weakness of forearm on supination
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of forearm
CUI: C2237227

weakness of hand
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C0575810
SNOMED: 299042006

weakness of hand grip
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hand
CUI: C0239822
exam part: WEAK

weakness of hip
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C2031318
exam part: WEAK

weakness of hip abductors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hip
CUI: C2237231
exam part: WEAK

weakness of hip adductors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hip
CUI: C2237235
exam part: WEAK

weakness of hip extensors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hip
CUI: C2237239
exam part: WEAK

weakness of hip flexors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hip
CUI: C2237244
exam part: WEAK

weakness of intrinsic hand muscles
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hand
CUI: C1834536
exam part: WEAK

weakness of jaw muscles
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 5 finding
CUI: C0240080
exam part: CN
SNOMED: 249886001
is defined by: Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.

weakness of knee
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C2110749
exam part: WEAK

weakness of knee extension
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of knee
CUI: C0577655
exam part: WEAK

weakness of knee flexors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of knee
CUI: C2202999
exam part: WEAK

weakness of left arm
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C2202995
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 15633401000119107

weakness of left hand
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hand
CUI: C2141892
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 15639641000119109

weakness of left leg
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C2165879
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 15633481000119104

weakness of leg
type: Class
subclass of: limb weakness
CUI: C0427068
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 249945007

weakness of muscle group
type: Class
subclass of: paresis
CUI: C0151786
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 26544005
is defined by: Reduced strength of muscles that perform specific actions at a joint.

weakness of muscles of mastication
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of jaw muscles
CUI: C4062882
exam part: CN

weakness of neck extensors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of muscle group
CUI: C2230238
exam part: WEAK

weakness of neck flexors
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of muscle group
CUI: C1843637
exam part: WEAK
is defined by: Weakness of the muscles involved in neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid, longus capitus, longus colli, and scalenus anterior).

weakness of right arm
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C2202996
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 15633441000119109

weakness of right hand
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of hand
CUI: C2196582
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 13530001000004108

weakness of right leg
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C2218016
exam part: WEAK

weakness of sternomastoid
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 11 finding
CUI: C0426997
exam part: CN
is defined by: The sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) acts to turn the head to the opposite side. Acting together, the two SCMs thrust the head forward and flex the neck

weakness of thumb abduction
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C2070740
exam part: WEAK

weakness of thumb opposition
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of fingers
CUI: C2070739
exam part: WEAK

weakness of toe
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of leg
CUI: C0576333
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 299575007

weakness of trapezius
type: Class
subclass of: cranial nerve 11 finding
CUI: C2177090
exam part: CN
is defined by: Strength of the trapezius muscle is usually tested by shrugging of the shoulders, although the levator scapulae contributes to this action. Another test of the trapezius is to have the patient attempt to approximate the occipitut of the head to the acromion of the shoulder. When the trapezius is weak the arms hang lower on the affected side and the finger tips touch the hips at a lower level on the affected side.

weakness of triceps
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of arm
CUI: C2230441
exam part: WEAK
is defined by: A lack of strength in the triceps muscle, which normally is responsible for extending (straightening) the elbow and mediating certain shoulder movements.

weakness of wrist
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of forearm
CUI: C2127518
exam part: WEAK

weakness of wrist extension
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of wrist
CUI: C2230402
exam part: WEAK

weakness of wrist flexion
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of wrist
CUI: C2230398
exam part: WEAK

weight loss
type: Class
subclass of: consitutitional symptoms
CUI: C1262477
exam part: SX
SNOMED: 262285001
is defined by: The reduction of overall body mass; may be due to disease, diet, or drugs; can be permanent or temporary, and may involve any tissue.

wide based gait
type: Class
subclass of: ataxic gait
CUI: C0856863
is defined by: An abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. This is often a component of cerebellar ataxia.

winged scapula
type: Class
subclass of: weakness of muscle group
CUI: C0240953
exam part: WEAK
SNOMED: 17211005
is defined by: Abnormal protrusion of the scapula away from the surface of the back

withdrawal
type: Class
subclass of: withdrawn
CUI: C2825032
exam part: MS
is defined by: A social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement, as in some forms of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotypal personality disorders.

withdrawn
type: Class
subclass of: apathy
CUI: C0424092
SNOMED: 247755007

witzelsucht
type: Class
subclass of: inappropriate jocularity
CUI: C1408582
exam part: MS
is defined by: Witzelsucht "joking addiction") is characterized by a tendency to make puns, or tell inappropriate jokes or pointless stories in socially inappropriate situations. It often occurs in disinhibited patients with frontal lobe damage.

word deafness
type: Class
subclass of: Wernicke aphasia
CUI: C1366485
exam part: MS
SNOMED: 3387000

Visual acuity loss none to moderate
type: Class
subclass of: reduced visual acuity
CUI: C1836949
exam part: VIS

Acquired Epileptic Aphasia
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000352
sources: ILAE 1989 Acquired epileptic aphasia (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) The Landau-Kleffner syndrome is a childhood disorder in which an acquired aphasia, multifocal spike, and spike and wave discharges are associated. Epileptic seizures and behavioral and psychomotor disturbances occur in two-thirds of the patients. There is verbal auditory agnosia and rapid reduction of spontaneous speech. The seizures, usually GTCS or partial motor, are rare, and remit before the age of 15 years, as do the EEG abnormalities.
see also: Landau-Kleffner syndrome

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AIDS
type: Class
subclass of: Infectious Disease
CUI: D0000353
sources: Scheuermann 2009 AIDS as a disease that disposes to non-HIV pathogen persistence and duplication (pathological processes) following opportunistic infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system (physical basis).

Acute Encephalitis with Refractory Repetitive Partial Seizures AERRPS
type: Class
subclass of: Encephalitis
CUI: D0000354

Age Currently
type: Class
subclass of: epidemiologic factor
disjoint with: Sex
CUI: D0000351
sources: 1970 Gastaut Age 1981 Bancaud Ictal ILAE 1989

Age of Onset
type: Class
subclass of: epidemiologic factor
CUI: D0000358
sources: ILAE 1969 Age ILAE 1989 Age of Onset 2003 Blume Determination hinges on seizure description, frequency, age at onset, neurological history, functional enquiry, neurological examination and one or more EEGs 2006 Engel 2010 Berg

Aicardi Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000359
sources: ILAE 1989 Aicardi syndrome occurs in females and is noted for retinal lacunae and absence of the corpus callosum; infantile spasms with early onset; and often asymmetric, diffuse EEG abnormalities generally asynchronous with suppression burst and/or atypical hypsarrhythmia. Engel 2001 Aicardi syndrome

Alcohol-Withdrawal Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000360

Aminoacidopathy
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000363
sources: Engel 2001 Aminoacidopathies

Amygdalo-Hippocampal Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000364
sources: ILAE 1989 Amygdalo-hippocampal (mesiobasal limbic or rhinoencephalic) seizures. Hippocampal seizures are the most common form; the symptoms are those described in the previous paragraphs except that auditory symptoms may not occur. The interictal scalp EEG may be normal, may show interictal unilateral temporal sharp or slow waves, may show bilateral sharp or slow waves, synchronous or asynchronous. The intracranial interictal EEG may show mesial anterior temporal spikes or sharp waves. Seizures are characterized by rising epigastric discomfort, nausea, marked autonomic signs, and other symptoms, including borborygmi, belching, pallor, fullness of the face, flushing of the face, arrest of respiration, pupillary dilatation, fear, panic, and olfactory-gustatory hallucinations.

Angelman Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Monogenic Mendelian Disease with Complex Pathogenic Mechanism
CUI: D0000366
sources: Engel 2001 Angelman Syndrome

Anterior Frontopolar Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000369
sources: ILAE 1989 Anterior frontopolar epilepsy Anterior frontopolar seizure patterns include forced thinking or initial loss of contact and adversive movements of head and eyes, with possible evolution including contraversive movements and axial clonic jerks and falls and autonomic signs.

Antibody-Associated Limbic Encephalitis
type: Class
subclass of: Neuronal Surface Antibody Syndromes
CUI: D0000372
sources: Suleiman 2013 Faciobrachial dystonic seizures are seen in adults in association with LGI1 antibodies and often precede the onset of the limbic encephalitis (Irani et al., 2011). Other NSAbs are less frequently found in adults with limbic encephalitis such as alpha amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and c-aminobutyric acid B (GABAB) receptor antibodies (Lai et al., 2009; Lancaster et al., 2010; Boronat et al., 2011). Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) have been associated with limbic encephalitis (Malter et al., 2010). Although GAD is an intracellular antigen and therefore GAD Abs themselves may not be pathogenic, it is possible that unrecognized NSAbs coexist with GAD Abs (Zuliani et al., 2012). Limbic encephalitis has been described in association with a number of different autoantibodies including VGKC-complex Abs (Haberlandt et al., 2011; Suleiman et al., 2011a).

Autoimmune Diseases
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000375
sources: Suleiman 2013 Criteria and supportive features to suspect autoimmune epilepsy in children with seizures: The following two clinical criteria are used to suspect autoimmune epilepsy associated with NSAbs and GAD antibodies (both are needed) 1 Acute or subacute (<12 weeks) onset of symptoms. 2 Exclusion of other causes (CNS infection, trauma, toxic, tumor, metabolic, previous CNS disease). The following supportive features would strengthen the suspicion of autoimmune epilepsy (patients should have at least 1 of the following): 1 The presence of a well-defined clinical syndrome such as NMDAR or limbic encephalitis 2 CNS inflammation manifested by at least one of: a CSF pleocytosis (defined as >5 white cells/mm3) or presence of oligoclonal bands, elevated IgG index, or elevated neopterin (defined as >30 nM) b MRI abnormality compatible with an inflammatory or autoimmune encephalitis including increased signal in the mesiotemporal lobe (LE – like syndrome) c Inflammatory neuropathology on biopsy 3 History of other antibody mediated condition (e.g., myasthenia gravis), organ specific autoimmunity or other autoimmune disorders. (It is recognized that epilepsy is more common in many autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), celiac disease, and autoimmune thyroid disease (Vincent & Crino, 2011).) 4 Response to immunotherapy Classification categories of suspected autoimmune epilepsy in children identified using the criteria and supportive features in Table 1 (Zuliani et al., modified) Classification categories expressing the likelihood of autoimmune epilepsy based on the presence of NSAbs and GAD Abs and the response to immunotherapy (see Fig. 1): Definite autoimmune epilepsy is present if: Known NSAbs are present in serum or CSF AND there is response to immunotherapy Probable autoimmune epilepsy is present if Known NSAbs are present and no immunotherapy responsiveness demonstrated (immunotherapy unsucces…

Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000376

Autosomal-Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ADNFLE
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000381
sources: Engel 2001 Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Engel 2006 Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy ILAE 2010 Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE)

Autosomal Dominant Epilepsy with Auditory Features ADEAF
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000377
sources: ILAE 2010 Autosomal Dominant Epilepsy with Auditory Features (ADEAF)

B12 Metabolism Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000382
sources: Engel 2001 DIsorders of folic acid and B12 metabolism

Benign Childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000383
sources: ILAE 1989 Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is a syndrome of brief, simple, partial, hemifacial motor seizures, frequently having associated somatosensory symptoms which have a tendency to evolve into GTCS. Both seizure types are often related to sleep. Onset occurs between the ages of 3 and 13 years (peak 9-10 years), and recovery occurs before the age of 15-16 years. Genetic predisposition is frequent, and there is male predominance. The EEG has blunt high-voltage centrotemporal spikes, often followed by slow waves that are activated by sleep and tend to spread or shift from side to side. Engel 2001 Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes

Benign Epilepsy of Childhood with Central Temporal Spikes BECTS
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000384
sources: ILAE 2010 Benign Epilepsy of Childhood with Central Temporal Spikes (BECTS) Fischer 2014 It makes little sense to say that someone has an epilepsy syndrome but not epilepsy. If evidence exists for an epilepsy syndrome, then epilepsy may be presumed to be present, even if the risk of subsequent seizures is low.

Benign Familial Infantile Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000385
sources: Engel 2001 Benign Familial Infantile Seizures ILAE 2010 Benign Familial Infantile Epilepsy

Benign Familial Infantile Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000386

Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy BFNE
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000387
sources: ILAE 2010 Benign Familial Neonatal Epilepsy (BFNE)

Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures BFNS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000388
sources: Engel 2001 Benign Familial Neonatal Seizures

Benign Focal Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000389

Benign Infantile Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000390
sources: ILAE 2010 Benign Infantile Epilepsy

Benign Infantile Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000391
sources: Engel 2001 Benign Infantile Seizures

Benign Infantile Seizure Nonfamilial
type: Class
subclass of: Benign Infantile Seizure
CUI: D0000392
sources: Engel 2001 Benign Infantile Seizures Nonfamilial

Benign Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000393
sources: ILAE 1989 Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy is characterized by brief bursts of generalized myoclonus that occur during the first or second year of life in otherwise normal children who often have a family history of convulsions or epilepsy. EEG recording shows generalized spike-waves occurring in brief bursts during the early stages of sleep. These at- tacks are easily controlled by appropriate treatment. They are not accompanied by any other type of seizure, although GTCS may occur during adolescence. The epilepsy may be accompanied by a relative delay of intellectual development and minor personality disorders. Engel 2001 Benign Myoclonic Epilepsy In Infancy

Benign Neonatal Convulsions
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000394
sources: ILAE 1989 Benign neonatal convulsions are very frequently repeated clonic or apneic seizures occurring at about the fifth day of life, without known etiology or concomitant metabolic disturbance. Interictal EEG often shows alternating sharp theta waves. There is no recurrence of seizures, and the psychomotor development is not affected.

Benign Neonatal Familial Convulsions
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000395
sources: ILAE 1989 Benign neonatal familial convulsions are rare, dominantly inherited disorders manifesting mostly on the second and third days of life, with clonic or apneic seizures and no specific EEG criteria. History and investigations reveal no etiologic factors. About 14% of these patients later develop epilepsy.

Benign Neonatal Seizures BNS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000396
sources: ILAE 2010 Benign Neonatal Seizures (BNS)

Benign Occipital Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000397

Benign Rolandic Epilepsy of Childhood BREC
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000398

Bilateral Perisylvian Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000399
sources: Engel 2001 Bilateral perisylvian syndrome

Biopterins Deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000401

Biotin Metabolism Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000402
sources: Engel 2001 Disorders of biotin metabolism

Blitz-Nick-Salaam Krampfe
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000403

Carbohydrate Metabolism DIsorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000468
sources: Engel 2001 Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Celiac Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000470
sources: Engel 2001 Celiac disease (Epilepsy With Occipital Calcifications And Celiac Disease)

Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis
type: Class
subclass of: Metabolic Proven or Suspected Inborn Errors of
CUI: D0000476

Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000475
sources: Engel 2001 Ceroid lipofuscinosis

Chemically Induced Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000477
sources: Engel 2001 Drug or other chemically induced seizures

Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000478
sources: ILAE 1989 Cherry Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrome The clinical picture for the cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome (sialidosis with isolated deficit in neuraminidase) is very similar to that of the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, with myoclonus, photosensitivity, and cerebellar syndrome. Other characteristics include the nearly constant existence of amblyopia and presence of a cherry red spot on fundoscopic examination. The EEG is similar to that of DCM with the following specific features: The polyspike-wave discharges always correspond to a massive myoclonus and there is no photosensitivity

Childhood Absence Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000480
sources: ILAE 1989 Childhood Absence Epilepsy Pyknolepsy occurs in children of school age (peak manifestation age 6-7 years), with a strong genetic predisposition in otherwise normal children. It appears more frequently in girls than in boys. It is characterized by very frequent (several to many per day) absences. The EEG reveals bilateral, synchronous symmetrical spike-waves, usually 3 Hz, on a normal background activity. During adolescence, GTCS often develop. Otherwise, absences may remit or, more rarely, persist as the only seizure type. Engel 2001 Childhood Absence Epilepsy ILAE 2010 Childhood Absence Epilepsy

Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000481
sources: ILAE 1989 Childhood Epilepsy with Occipital Paroxysms The syndrome of childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms is, in general respects, similar to that of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. The seizures start with visual symptoms (amaurosis, phosphenes, illusions, or hallucinations) and are often followed by a hemiclonic seizure or automatisms. In 25% of cases, the seizures are immediately followed by migrainous headache. The EEG has paroxysms of high-amplitude spike-waves or sharp waves recurring rhythmically on the occipital and posterior temporal areas of one or both hemispheres, but only when the eyes are closed. During seizures, the occipital discharge may spread to the central or temporal region. At present, no definite statement on prognosis is possible.

Chromosomal Abnormality
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000482
sources: Engel 2001 Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chronic Progressive Epilepsia Partialis Continua of Childhood
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000483
sources: Bancaud 1981 When focal motor seizure activity is continuous it is known as epilepsia partialis continua ILAE 1989 Chronic Progressive Epilepsia Partialis Continua of Childhood (Kojewnikow's Syndrome)

Cingulate Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000486
sources: ILAE 1989 Cingulate. Cingulate seizure patterns are complex partial with complex motor gestural automatisms at onset. Autonomic signs are common, as are changes in mood and affect.

Classical Phenylketonuria
type: Class
subclass of: Phenylketonuria
CUI: D0000487
sources: ILAE 1989 The classical phenylketonuria can express itself as a West syndrome. A variant of phenylketonuria with biopterins deficiency causes seizures starting in the second 6 months of life in infants who have been hypotonic since birth. The seizures are generalized motor seizures associated with erratic myoclonic jerks and oculogyric seizures.

Coffin-Lowry Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000489
sources: Engel 2001 Coffin-Lowry syndrome

Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000491
sources: Engel 2001 Malformations due to abnormal cortical developments

D-Glyceric Acidemia
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000493
sources: Engel 2001 D-Glyceric Acidemia

Degenerative Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy Finnish Type
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
disjoint with: Degenerative Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy Lundborg Type
CUI: D0000494

Degenerative Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy Lundborg Type
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000495
sources: ILAE 1989 Degenerative progressive myoclonic epilepsy (Lundborg type) The so-called degenerative progressive myoclonic epilepsy (Lundborg type) also falls into this category. The only significant well-individualized group is the Finnish type, described by Koskiniemi et al. (1974). Onset occurs between the ages of 8 and 13 years, with myoclonus (segmental, fragmentary, and massive) and GTCS, associated cerebellar ataxia, and slowly progressive although generally mild mental deterioration. The EEG shows slow abnormalities (theta rhythms and later, delta rhythms), with generalized spike-waves predominantly in the frontal area and photosensitivity. Patients survive >15 years.

Denatorubropallidoluysian Atrophy
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000497
sources: Engel 2001 Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy

Devastating Epileptic Encephalopathy in School Aged Children DESC
type: Class
subclass of: Encephalitis
CUI: D0000498
sources: 2013 Suleiman Previous terms used to describe similar syndromes include devastating epileptic encephalopathy in schoolaged children (DESC) (Mikaeloff et al., 2006) and acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures (AERRPS) (Sakuma, 2009). These conditions are characterized by new-onset refractory focal status epilepticus, preceded by fever or infection in previously normal children, followed by a chronic phase of refractory focal epilepsy and severe neurologic impairment (Sakuma et al., 2010). The cause of these conditions is unknown and underlying immune mechanisms have been proposed (Sakuma et al., 2010; Specchio et al., 2010; Nabbout et al., 2011) but not proven.

Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000499
sources: Suleiman 2013 T1DM is a T cell–mediated autoimmune disorder, and there is an increased prevalence of epilepsy in children with this disease (Schober et al., 2012).

Doose Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000507
see also: "Doose Syndrome, also called Myoclonic-Astatic Epilepsy (MAE), is an epileptic condition in children that has no known cause. The seizures, which often begin between the ages of 1 and 5, can be frequent and involve the abrupt loss of muscle control, causing the child to fall to the ground, often resulting in injury."

Dorsolateral Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000509
sources: ILAE 1989 Dorsolateral. Dorsolateral seizure patterns may be tonic or, less commonly, clonic with versive eye and head movements and speech arrest.

Downs Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000510

Dravet Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000511
sources: Engel 2001 Dravet's Syndrome ILAE 2010 Dravet's Syndrome
see also: Dravet syndrome is a rare, catastrophic, lifelong form of epilepsy that begins in the first year of life with frequent and/or prolonged seizures. Previously known as Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy (SMEI),

Drug Induced Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000512
sources: Engel 2001 Drug or other chemically induced seizures

Dyssynergia Cerebellaris Myoclonia DCM with Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000513
sources: ILAE 1989 Dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia (DCM) with epilepsy Dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia (DCM) with epilepsy (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) appears between the ages of 6 and 20 years (mean 11 years) with myoclonias or GTCS. Above all, the myoclonic syndrome is characterized by action and intention myoclonus. The GTCS are rare and sensitive to therapy. Mental deterioration, when present, is slow. Most of the neurologic manifestations are limited to cerebellar signs. In the EEG, the background activity remains normal, with generalized paroxysmal abnormalities (spikes, spike-waves, and polyspike-waves), and photosensitivity. During REM sleep, rapid polyspikes appear, localized in the central and vertex regions.

Early-Onset Benign Childhood Occipital Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos Type
type: Class
subclass of: Early Onset Benign Occipital Epilepsy
CUI: D0000520
sources: Engel 2001 Early-Onset Benign Childhood Occipital Epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos Type)

Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy EIEE
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000514

Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Suppression Burst
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000515
sources: ILAE 1989 Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst This syndrome, described by Ohtahara et al. (1976), is defined by very early onset, within the first few months of life, frequent tonic spasms, and suppression burst EEG pattern in both waking and sleeping states. Partial seizures may occur. Myoclonic seizures are rare. Etiology and underlying pathology are obscure. The prognosis is serious with severe psychomotor retardation and seizure intractability; often there is evolution to the West syndrome at age 4-6 months.

Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy EME
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000516
sources: ILAE 1989 Early myoclonic encephalopathy The principal features of early myoclonic encephalopathy are onset occurring before age 3 months, initially fragmentary myoclonus, and then erratic partial seizures, massive myoclonias, or tonic spasms. The EEG is characterized by suppression-burst activity, which may evolve into hypsarrhythmia. The course is severe, psychomotor development is arrested, and death may occur in the first year. Familial cases are frequent and suggest the influence of one or several congenital metabolic errors, but there is no constant genetic pattern. Engel 2001 Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy ILAE 2010 Early Myoclonic Encephalopathy (EME)

Early Onset Benign Occipital Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000517
sources: Engel 2001 Early Onset Benign Childhood Occipital Epilepsy - Panayiotopoulos Type

Early Post Cerebral Insult Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000518
sources: Engel 2001 Immediate and early post cerebral insult seizures

Early Posttraumatic Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Posttraumatic Seizure
CUI: D0000519
sources: Engel 2001 Immediate and early posttraumatic seizures

Encephalitis
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000524

Epidermal Nevus Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Neurocutaneous Disorder
CUI: D0000527
sources: Engel 2001 Epidermal nevus syndrome

Epilepsies With Grand Mal GTCS Seizures on Awakening
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000528
sources: ILAE 1989 Epilepsy with GTCS on awakening is a syndrome with onset occurring mostly in the second decade of life. The GTCS occur exclusively or predominantly (>90% of the time) shortly after awakening regardless of the time of day or in a second seizure peak in the evening period of relaxation. If other seizures occur, they are mostly absence or myoclonic, as in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Seizures may be precipitated by sleep deprivation and other external factors. Genetic predisposition is relatively frequent. The EEG shows one of the patterns of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. There is a significant correlation with photosensitivity.

Epilepsy With Continuous Spike-Wave During Slow-Wave Sleep
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000532
sources: ILAE 1989 Epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep Epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep results from the association of various seizure types, partial or generalized, occurring during sleep, and atypical absences when awake. Tonic seizures do not occur. The characteristic EEG pattern consists of continuous diffuse spike-waves during slow wave sleep, which is noted after onset of seizures. Duration varies from months to years. Despite the usually benign evolution of seizures, prognosis is guarded because of the appearance of neuropsychologic disorders. Engel 2001 Epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep - Other than LKS.

Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000530
sources: ILAE 2010 Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures

Epilepsy with General Tonic Clonic Seizure on Awakening
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000533

Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Alone
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000534
sources: ILAE 2010 Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Alone

Epilepsy with Myoclonic-Astatic Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000536
sources: ILAE 1989 Epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures Manifestations of myoclonic-astatic seizures begin between the ages of 7 months and 6 years (mostly between the ages of 2 and 5 years), with (except if seizures begin in the first year) twice as many boys affected. There is frequently hereditary predisposition and usually a normal developmental background. The seizures are myoclonic, astatic, myoclonic-astatic, absence with clonic and tonic components, and tonic-clonic. Status frequently occurs. Tonic seizures develop late in the course of unfavorable cases. The EEG, initially often normal except for 4-7-Hz rhythms, may have irregular fast spike-wave or polyspike wave. Course and outcome are variable. Engel 2001 Epilepsy with Myoclonic - Astatic Seizures

Epilepsy with Myoclonic Absence
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000535
sources: ILAE 1989 Epilepsy with myoclonic absences The syndrome of epilepsy with myoclonic absences is clinically characterized by absences accompanied by severe bilateral rhythmical clonic jerks, often associated with a tonic contraction. On the EEG, these clinical features are always accompanied by bilateral, synchronous, and symmetrical discharge of rhythmical spike-waves at 3 Hz, similar to childhood absence. Seizures occur many times a day. Awareness of the jerks may be maintained. Associated seizures are rare. Age of onset is -7 years, and there is a male preponderance. Prognosis is less favorable than in pyknolepsy owing to resistance to therapy of the seizures, mental deterioration, and possible evolution to other types of epilepsy such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Engel 2001 Epilepsy with myoclonic absences

Epileptic Encephalopathy Associated With VGKC Antibodies
type: Class
subclass of: Neuronal Surface Antibody Syndromes
CUI: D0000357

Epileptic Encephalopathy with Continuous Spike-and-Wave During Sleep CSWS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000538

Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000540
sources: Engel 2001 Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci Syndromes in development ILAE 2010 Childhood to Adult Familial Focal Epilepsy with Variable Foci

Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000541
sources: Engel 2001 Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Febrile Convulsions
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000542
sources: ILAE 1989 Febrile convulsions Febrile convulsions are an age-related disorder almost always characterized by generalized seizures occurring during an acute febrile illness. Most febrile convulsions are brief and uncomplicated, but some may be more prolonged and followed by transient or permanent neurologic sequelae, such as the hemiplegia-hemiatrophy-epilepsy(HHE) syndrome. Febrile convulsions tend to recur in about one-third of affected patients. Controversy about the risks of developing epilepsy later have largely been resolved by some recent large studies; the overall risk is probably not more than 4%. The indications for prolonged drug prophylaxis against recurrence of febrile convulsions are now more clearly defined, and most individuals do not require prophylaxis. Essentially, this condition is a relatively benign disorder of early childhood. Engel 2001 Another change in terminology evident in this document is the omission of the words “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epileptic seizure types and epilepsy syndromes. The Task Force thought that these are nonspecific lay terms, and at times improperly used. Consequently it was agreed to be consistent, not only in descriptive ictal terminology, but also in naming epileptic seizure types and syndromes, to avoid these terms. For instance, the Task Force is proposing that the term “febrile convulsions” be replaced by “febrile seizures.”

Febrile Infection-Related Epilepsy Syndrome FIRES
type: Class
subclass of: Encephalitis
CUI: D0000543
sources: Suleiman 2013 Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (van Baalen et al., 2010) or fer-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (Nabbout et al., 2010, 2011), both called fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (FIRES).

Febrile Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000544
sources: Engel 2001 Febrile Seizures Another change in terminology evident in this document is the omission of the words “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epileptic seizure types and epilepsy syndromes. The Task Force thought that these are nonspecific lay terms, and at times improperly used. Consequently it was agreed to be consistent, not only in descriptive ictal terminology, but also in naming epileptic seizure types and syndromes, to avoid these terms. For instance, the Task Force is proposing that the term “febrile convulsions” be replaced by “febrile seizures.” ILAE 2010 Febrile Seizures

Febrile Seizures Plus FS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000545
sources: Engel 2001 Generalized Epilepsies with Febrile Seizures Plus Syndromes in development ILAE 2010 Febrile Seizures Plus (FS+) Can start in infancy

Female
type: Class
subclass of: Sex
disjoint with: Male
CUI: D0000546

Fever-Induced Refractory Epileptic Encephalopathy in School-Aged Children FIRES
type: Class
subclass of: Encephalitis
CUI: D0000547
sources: Suleiman 2013 Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (van Baalen et al., 2010) or fer-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (Nabbout et al., 2010, 2011), both called fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (FIRES).

Focal Cortical Dysplasia
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000548
sources: Engel 2001 Focal or multifocal cortical dysplasia

Focal Heterotopia
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000549
sources: Engel 2001 Focal heterotopia

Folic Acid Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000550
sources: Engel 2001 DIsorders of folic acid and B12 metabolism

Fragile X Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Monogenic Mendelian Disease with Complex Pathogenic Mechanism
CUI: D0000552
sources: Engel 2001 Fragile X syndrome

Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000554
sources: ILAE 1989 Frontal lobe epilepsies Frontal lobe epilepsies are characterized by simple partial, complex partial, secondarily generalized seizures or combinations of these. Seizures often occur several times a day and frequently occur during sleep. Frontal lobe partial seizures are sometimes mistaken for psychogenic seizures. Status epilepticus is a frequent complication. General characteristics Features strongly suggestive of the diagnosis include: 1. Generally short seizures. 2. Complex partial seizures arising from the frontal lobe, often with minimal or no postictal confusion. 3. Rapid secondary generalization (more common in seizures of frontal than of temporal lobe epilepsy). 4. Prominent motor manifestations which are tonic or postural. 5. Complex gestural automatisms frequent at onset. 6. Frequent falling when the discharge is bilateral. A number of seizure types are described below; however, multiple frontal areas may be involved rapidly and specific seizure types may not be discernible.

Fructose 1-6 Diphosphatase Deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000556
sources: Engel 2001 Fructose 1-6 diphsphatase deficiency

Fumarase Deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000557
sources: Engel 2001 Fumarase deficiency

Gastaut Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Occipital Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000563

Gaucher Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000564

Gaucher Disease Juvenile Form
type: Class
subclass of: Gaucher Disease
CUI: D0000565
sources: ILAE 1989 A juvenile form of Gaucher disease is marked by onset at ~6-8 years of age, with epileptic seizures of various types, most commonly GTCS or partial motor. The EEG shows progressive deterioration of background activity, abnormal photic response, diffuse paroxysmal abnormalities, and multifocal abnormalities with a clear posterior predominance.

Gelastic Seizures with Hypothalamic Hamartoma
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000566
sources: ILAE 2010 Gelastic Seizures with Hypothalamic Hamartoma

Genetic Disease
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000569
sources: Scheuermann 2009 Genetic Disorder: A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s genome. Scheuermann 2009 Genetic Predisposition to Disease of Type X: A predisposition to disease of type X whose physical basis is a constitutional abnormality in an organism’s genome. This abnormality is the physical basis for the increased risk of acquiring disease X. Examples: p53 mutation in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome predisposing to cancer; ApoE alleles predisposing to Alzheimer’s disease.

Glucose Transport Protein Deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000570
sources: Engel 2001 Glucose transport protein deficiency

Glycogen-Storage Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000571
sources: Engel 2001 Glycogen-storage disorders

Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000578
sources: ILAE 2010 Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy

Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Epilepsy Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000577
sources: Engel 2001 Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Epilepsy (HHE) Syndrome

Hypermelanosis of Ito
type: Class
subclass of: Phakomatoses
CUI: D0000582

Immediate Post Cerebral Insult Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000589
sources: Engel 2001 Immediate and early post cerebral insult seizures

Immediate Posttraumatic Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Posttraumatic Seizure
CUI: D0000590
sources: Engel 2001 Immediate and early posttraumatic seizures

Impulsive Petit Mal
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000592

Infantile Spasm Cryptogenic Group
type: Class
subclass of: Infantile Spasms
CUI: D0000595

Infantile Spasm Symptomatic Group
type: Class
subclass of: Infantile Spasms
CUI: D0000596

Infantile Spasms
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000597
sources: ILAE 1989 West Syndrome Usually, West syndrome consists of a characteristic triad: infantile spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia, although one element may be missing. Spasms may be flexor, extensor, lightning, or nods, but most commonly they are mixed. Onset peaks between the ages of 4 and 7 months and always occurs before the age of 1 year. Boys are more commonly affected. The prognosis is generally poor. West syndrome may be separated into two groups. The symptomatic group is characterized by previous existence of brain damage signs (psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, radiologic signs, or other types of seizures) or by a known etiology. The smaller, cryptogenic group is characterized by a lack of previous signs of brain damage and of known etiology. The prognosis appears to be partly based on early therapy with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or oral steroids.
see also: West syndrome

Infectious Disease
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000599
sources: Scheuermann 2009 Infectious Disorder: A disorder whose etiology includes the presence of a pathogenic organism within a host organism or an abnormal imbalance in the normal resident organismal flora. Infectious Disease: A disease whose physical basis is an infectious disorder. Examples: transient: seasonal flu; chronic: genital herpes; progressive: Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Secondary Infection =def. – A disorder consisting in the presence of a pathogenic organism within a host organism that occurs due to the disposition established by a prior infection with a pathogenic organism of a different kind (e.g. cryptosporidiosis in a patient suffering from AIDS).

Inherited Metabolic Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000604

Isolated Lissencephaly Sequence
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000609
sources: Engel 2001 Isolated lissencephaly sequence

Jansky Bielschoski Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000610
sources: ILAE 1989 Late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Jansky Bielschowski disease) is characterized by onset between the ages of 2 and 4 years of massive myoclonic jerks, atonic, or astatic seizures. The EEG shows slow background rhythms, multifocal spikes, and a characteristic response to intermittent photic stimulation at a slow rate

Janz Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000611

Juvenile Absence Epilepsy JAE
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000612
sources: ILAE 1989 Juvenile Absence Epilepsy The absences of juvenile absence epilepsy are the same as in pyknolepsy, but absences with retropulsive movements are less common. Manifestation occurs around puberty. Seizure frequency is lower than in pyknolepsy, with absences occurring less frequently than every day, mostly sporadically. Association with GTCS is frequent, and GTCS precede the absence manifestations more often than in childhood absence epilepsy, often occurring on awakening. Not infrequently, the patients also have myoclonic seizures. Sex distribution is equal. The spike-waves are often >3 Hz. Response to therapy is excellent. Engel 2001 Juvenile Absence Epilepsy ILAE 2010 Juvenile Absence Epilepsy

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy JME
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000613
sources: ILAE 1989 Impulsive petit mal appears around puberty and is characterized by seizures with bilateral, single or repetitive, arrhythmic, irregular myoclonic jerks, predominantly in the arms. Jerks may cause some patients to fall suddenly. No disturbance of consciousness is noticeable. The disorder may be inherited, and sex distribution is equal. Often, there are GTCS and, less often, infrequent absences. The seizures usually occur shortly after awakening and are often precipitated by sleep deprivation. Interictal and ictal EEG have rapid, generalized, often irregular spike-waves and polyspike-waves; there is no close phase correlation between EEG spikes and jerks. Frequently, the patients are photosensitive. Response to appropriate drugs is good. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is known to be subject to an elevated risk of seizures for several decades, but remissions do still occur. Engel 2001 Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Kojewnikows Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000618
sources: ILAE 1989 Kojewnikow’s syndrome. Two types of Kojewnikow’s syndrome are recognized, one of which is also known as Rasmussen’s syndrome and is included among the epileptic syndromes of childhood noted under symptomatic seizures. The other type represents a particular form of rolandic partial epilepsy in both adults and children and is related to a variable lesion of the motor cortex. Its principal features are (a) motor partial seizures, always well localized; (b) often late appearance of myoclonus in the same site where somatomotor seizures occur; (c) an EEG with normal background activity and a focal paroxysmal abnormality (spikes and slow waves); (d) occurrence at any age in childhood and adulthood; (e) frequently demonstrable etiology (tumor, vascular); and (f) no progressive evolution of the syndrome (clinical, electroencephalographic or psychological, except in relation to the evolution of the causal lesion). This condition may result from mitochondrialencephalopathy (MELAS). NOTE: Anatomical origins of some epilepsies are difficult to assign to specific lobes. Such epilepsies include those with pre- and postcentral symptomatology (perirolandic seizures). Such overlap to adjacent anatomic regions also occurs in opercular epilepsy. In frontal lobe epilepsies, the interictal scalp recordings may show (a) no abnormality; (b) sometimes background asymmetry, frontal spikes or sharp waves; or (c) sharp waves or slow waves (either unilateral or frequently bilateral or unilateral multilobar). Intracranial recordings can sometimes distinguish unilateral from bilateral involvement. In frontal lobe seizures, various EEG patterns can accompany the initial clinical symptomatology. Uncommonly, the EEG abnormality precedes the seizure onset and then provides important localizing information, such as: (a) frontal or multilobar, often bilateral, low-amplitude fast activity, mixed spikes, rhythmic spikes, rhythmic spike waves, or rhythmic slow waves; or (b) bilateral high amplit…

Krabbe Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000619
sources: Engel 2001 Krabbe Disease

Lactate Metabolism Abnormality
type: Class
subclass of: Metabolic Proven or Suspected Inborn Errors of
CUI: D0000620

Lafora Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000622
sources: Engel 2001 Lafora Disease

Lafora disease
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000621
sources: Onset of Lafora disease occurs between the ages of 6 and 19 years (mean 11.5 years) and is characterized by generalized clonic, GTCS, with a frequent association of partial seizures with visual symptomatology, constant myoclonic jerks (fragmentary, segmental, and massive myoclonus), and rapidly progressive mental deterioration. The EEG shows discharges of fast spike-waves and poly- spike-waves, photosensitivity, deterioration of background activity, and the appearance of multi-focal abnormalities, particularly posteriorly. On the average, death occurs 5.5 years after onset.

Landau-Kleffner Syndrome LKS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000623
sources: Engel 2001 Landau-Kleffner Syndrome ILAE 2010 Landau-Kleffner Syndrome (LKS) Fischer 2014 continuous spike and waves during sleep and the Landau-Kleffner Syndrome

Late-Onset Childhood Occipital Epilepsy-Gastaut Type
type: Class
subclass of: Late Onset Occipital Epilepsy
CUI: D0000626
sources: Engel 2001 Late Onset Childhood Occipital Epilepsy - Gastaut Type ILAE 2010 Late Onset Childhood Occipital Epilepsy Gastaut Type
sources: Engel 2001 Late-Onset Childhood Occipital Epilepsy (Gastaut Type)

Late Infantile Ceroid-Lipofuscinoisis
type: Class
subclass of: Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis
CUI: D0000843
sources: ILAE 1989 Late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Jansky Bielschowski disease) is characterized by onset between the ages of 2 and 4 years of massive myoclonic jerks, atonic, or astatic seizures. The EEG shows slow background rhythms, multifocal spikes, and a characteristic response to intermittent photic stimulation at a slow rate

Late Onset Occipital Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000625

Lateral Temporal Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000629
sources: ILAE 1989 Lateral temporal seizures. Simple seizures characterized by auditory hallucinations or illusions or dreamy states, visual misperceptions, or language disorders in case of language dominant hemisphere focus. These may progress to complex partial seizures if propagation to mesial temporal or extratemporal structures occur. The scalp EEG shows unilateral or bilateral midtemporal or posterior temporal spikes which are most prominent in the lateral derivations.

Left Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000631

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome LGS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000633
sources: ILAE 1989 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) Lennox-Gastaut syndrome manifests itself in children aged 1-8 years, but appears mainly in pre-school-age children. The most common seizure types are tonic-axial, atonic, and absence seizures, but other types such as myoclonic, GTCS, or partial are frequently associated with this syndrome. Seizure frequency is high, and status epilepticus is frequent (stuporous states with myoclonias, tonic, and atonic seizures). The EEG usually has abnormal background activity, slow spike-waves <3Hz and, often, multifocal abnormalities. During sleep, bursts of fast rhythms (~10 Hz) appear. In general, there is mental retardation. Seizures are difficult to control, and the development is mostly unfavorable. In 60% of cases, the syndrome occurs in children suffering from a previous encephalopathy, but is primary in other cases. Engel 2001 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome ILAE 2010 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS)

Limbic Encephalitis with Negative Antibodies
type: Class
subclass of: Encephalitis
CUI: D0000634
sources: Suleiman 2013

Limbic Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000635
sources: Engel 2001 Limbic epilepsies

Lingual Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000636

Male
type: Class
subclass of: Sex
CUI: D0000643

Maple Syrup Urine Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Aminoacidopathy
CUI: D0000645
sources: 2001 Engel Maple syrup urine disease

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000649

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Defined By Specific Etiology
type: Class
subclass of: Limbic Epilepsy
CUI: D0000650
sources: Engel 2001 Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy defined by sepcific etiologies

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Hippocampal Sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Limbic Epilepsy
CUI: D0000651
sources: Engel 2001 Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis

Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis MTLE with HS
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000652
sources: ILAE 2010 Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis

Mesiobasal Limbic Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000653

Metabolic Proven or Suspected Inborn Errors of
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000655

Microdysgenesis
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000656
sources: Engel 2001 Microdysgenesis

Migrating Focal Seizures of Infancy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000660

Migrating Partial Seizures Of Early Infancy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000661
sources: Engel 2001 Migrating Partial Seizures of Early Infancy Syndromes in development

Migrating Partial Seizures of Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000662
sources: Engel 2001 Migrating Partial Seizures of Infancy Syndromes in development

Miller-Dieker Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000663
sources: Engel 2001 Miller-Dieker syndrome

Mitochondrial Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000644
sources: Engel 2001 Mitochondrial diseases

Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-Like Symptoms MELAS
type: Class
subclass of: Mitochondrial Disease
CUI: D0000665
sources: Engel 2001 MELAS

Mitochondrial Encephalopathy MELAS
type: Class
subclass of: Metabolic Proven or Suspected Inborn Errors of
CUI: D0000666

Mitochondrial Myopathy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000668
sources: ILAE 1989 A Ramsay-Hunt-like syndrome can also be associated with a mitochondrial myopathy, with abnormalities of lactate and pyruvate metabolism (Fukuhara et al., 1980).

Monogenic Mendelian Disease with Complex Pathogenic Mechanism
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000669

Motor Cortex Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000670
sources: ILAE 1989 Motor cortex. Motor cortex epilepsies are mainly characterized by simple partial seizures, and their localization depends on the side and topography of the area involved. In cases of the lower prerolandic area there may be speech arrest, vocalization or dysphasia, tonic-clonic movements of the face on the contralateral side, or swallowing. Generalization of the seizure frequently occurs. In the rolandic area, partial motor seizures without march or jacksonian seizures occur, particularly beginning in the contralateral upper extremities. In the case of seizures involving the paracentral lobule, tonic movements of the ipsilateral foot may occur as well as the expected contralateral leg movements. Postictal or Todd’s paralysis is frequent.

Multifocal Cortical Dysplasia
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000674
sources: Engel 2001 Focal or multifocal cortical dysplasia

Multiple Sclerosis
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000675

Myasthenia Gravis
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000676
sources: Suleiman 2013

Myoclonic Absence Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000677
sources: Engel 2001 Myoclonic Absence Seizures

Myoclonic Astatic Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000678
sources: Engel 2001 Epilepsy with myoclonic astatic seizures

Myoclonic Astatic Petit Mal
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000679

Myoclonic Atonic Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000680
sources: Engel 2001 Myoclonic Atonic Seizures ILAE 2010 Myoclonic Atonic Epilepsy

Myoclonic Encephalopathy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000681

Myoclonic Encephalopathy in Nonprogressive Disorders
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000682
sources: ILAE 2010 Myoclonic Encephalopathy in Nonprogressive Disorders

Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy MEI
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000683
sources: ILAE 2010 Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy (MEI)

Myoclonic Status In Nonprogressive Encephalopathies
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000684
sources: Engel 2001 Myoclonic Status in Nonprogressive Encephalopathies Syndromes in development

Myoclonus Epilepsy With Ragged Red Fibers MERRF
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000685
sources: Engel 2001 MERRF

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor NMDAR Encephalitis
type: Class
subclass of: Neuronal Surface Antibody Syndromes
CUI: D0000686
sources: Suleiman 2013 N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in which 76–83% of patients will have focal, focal dyscognitive, or generalized seizures (Dalmau et al., 2007, 2008, 2011; Irani & Vincent, 2011) NMDAR encephalitis is well described (Florance et al., 2009)

Neonatal Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000688
sources: ILAE 1989 Neonatal seizures Neonatal seizures differ from those of older children and adults. The most frequent neonatal seizures are described as subtle because the clinical manifestations are frequently overlooked. These include tonic, horizontal deviation of the eyes with or without jerking, eyelid blinking or fluttering, sucking, smacking, or other buccal-lingual oral movements, swimming or pedaling movements and, occasionally, apneic spells. Other neonatal seizures occur as tonic extension of the limbs, mimicking decerebrate or decorticate posturing. These occur particularly in premature infants. Multifocal clonic seizures characterized by clonic movements of a limb, which may migrate to other body parts or other limbs, or focal clonic seizures, which are much more localized, may occur. In the latter, the infant is usually not unconscious. Rarely, myoclonic seizures may occur, and the EEG pattern is frequently that of suppression-burst activity. The tonic seizures have a poor prognosis because they frequently accompany intraventricular hemorrhage. The myoclonic seizures also have a poor prognosis because they are frequently a part of the early myoclonic encephalopathy syndrome.

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000690
sources: Engel 2001 Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

Neurocutaneous Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000691

Neurofibromatosis
type: Class
subclass of: Phakomatoses
CUI: D0000692
sources: Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis 1
type: Class
subclass of: Neurofibromatosis
CUI: D0000693
sources: Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosis

Neurofibromatosis 2
type: Class
subclass of: Neurofibromatosis
CUI: D0000694
sources: Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosis

Neuronal Surface Antibody Syndromes
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000695

Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000697
sources: Engel 2001 Nonketotic hyperglycinemia

Northern Epilepsy Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000698

Occipital Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000700
sources: ILAE 1989 Occipital Lobe Epilepsy

Ohtahara Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000701
sources: Engel 2001 Ohtahara Syndrome ILAE 2010 Ohtahara
see also: Ohtahara syndrome (also known as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, EIEE) is a syndrome characterized by frequent intractable seizures and severe early encephalopathy resulting in limited development and reduced life expectancy. Tonic seizures predominate, myoclonic seizures are uncommon, distinguishing this syndrome from early myoclonic encephalopathy. Treatable metabolic etiologies (especially pyridoxine and pyridoxal-5-phosphate disorders) should be excluded early. NOTE Ohtahara syndrome is considered an 'epileptic encephalopathy'. This term denotes the concept that the epileptic activity itself might directly contribute additional cognitive and behavioral impairments over those expected from the underlying etiology alone, and that suppression of epileptic activity might minimize this additional impairment.

Oligoepilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000702
sources: Engel 2001 Oligoepilepsy Fischer 2014 Therefore, epilepsy could be considered present if an unprovoked seizure occurred at age 1 and at age 80, a condition sometimes referred to as oligoepilepsy.

Opercular Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000704
sources: ILAE 1989 Opercular. Opercular seizure characteristics include mastication, salivation, swallowing, laryngeal symptoms, speech arrest, epigastric aura, fear, and autonomic phenomena. Simple partial seizures, particularly partial clonic facial seizures, are common and may be ipsilateral. If secondary sensory changes occur, numbness may be a symptom, particularly in the hands. Gustatory hallucinations are particularly common in this area.

Orbitofrontal Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000707
sources: ILAE 1989 Orbitofrontal. The orbitofrontal seizure pattern is one of complex partial seizures with initial motor and gestural automatisms, olfactory hallucinations and illusions, and autonomic signs.

Other Familial Temporal Lobe Epilepsies
type: Class
subclass of: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000709

Other Organic Aciduria
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000710
sources: Engel 2001 Other organic acidurias

Panyiotopolous Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000711

Parietal Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000718
sources: ILAE 1989 Parietal lobe epilepsies Partial lobe epilepsy syndromes are usually characterized by simple partial and secondarily generalized seizures. Most seizures arising in the parietal lobe remain as simple partial seizures, but complex partial seizures may arise out of simple partial seizures and occur with spread beyond the parietal lobe. Seizures arising from the parietal lobe have the following features: Seizures are predominantly sensory with many characteristics. Positive phenomena consist of tingling and a feeling of electricity, which may be confined or may spread in a Jacksonian manner. There may be a desire to move a body part or a sensation as if a part were being moved. Muscle tone may be lost. The parts most frequently involved are those with the largest cortical representation (e.g., the hand, arm, and face). There may be tongue sensations of crawling, stiffness, or coldness, and facial sensory phenomena may occur bilaterally. Occasionally, an intraabdominal sensation of sinking, choking, or nausea may occur, particularly in cases of inferior and lateral parietal lobe involvement. Rarely, there may be pain, which may take the form of a superficial burning dysesthesia, or a vague, very severe, painful sensation. Parietal lobe visual phenomena may occur as hallucinations of a formed variety. Metamorphopsia with distortions, foreshortenings, and elongations may occur, and are more frequently observed in cases of nondominant hemisphere discharges. Negative phenomena include numbness, a feeling that a body part is absent, and a loss of awareness of a part or a half of the body, known as asomatognosia. This is particularly the case with nondominant hemisphere involvement. Severe vertigo or disorientation in space may be indicative of inferior parietal lobe seizures. Seizures in the dominant parietal lobe result in a variety of receptive or conductive languages disturbances. Some well-lateralized genital sensations may occur with paracentral involvement. So…

Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000719
sources: Engel 2001 Periventricular nodular heterotopia

Peroxisomal Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000720
sources: Engel 2001 Peroxisomal disorders

Phakomatoses
type: Class
subclass of: Neurocutaneous Disorder
CUI: D0000721

Phenylketonuria
type: Class
subclass of: Aminoacidopathy
CUI: D0000722
sources: 2001 Engel Phenylketonuria

Posttraumatic Seizure
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000732
sources: Engel 2001 Immediate and early posttraumatic seizures

Primary Reading Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000741
sources: ILAE 1989 Primary reading epilepsy All or almost all seizures in this syndrome are precipitated by reading (especially aloud) and are independent of the content of the text. They are simple partial motor-involving masticatory muscles, or visual, and if the stimulus is not interrupted, GTCs may occur. The syndrome may be inherited. Onset is typically in late puberty and the course is benign with little tendency to spontaneous seizures. Physical examination and imaging studies are normal but EEG shows spikes or spike-waves in the dominant parieto-temporal region. Generalized spike and wave may also occur. Engel 2001 Primary Reading Epilepsy

Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000746
sources: Engel 2001 Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsies ILAE 2010 Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsies (PME)

Propionic Acidemia
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000747
sources: Engel 2001 Propionic acidemia

Pyknolepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000749

Pyridoxine Dependency
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000750
sources: ILAE 1989 Pyridoxine dependency is manifested by seizures that have no suggestive characteristics, but this condition must always be suspected since therapeutic intervention is possible. Engel 2001 Pyridoxine dependency

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: Mitochondrial Disease
CUI: D0000751
sources: Engel 2001 Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency

Pyruvate Metabolism Abnormality
type: Class
subclass of: Metabolic Proven or Suspected Inborn Errors of
CUI: D0000752

Ramsay-Hunt Like Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000754
sources: ILAE 1989 A Ramsay-Hunt-like syndrome can also be associated with a mitochondrial myopathy, with abnormalities of lactate and pyruvate metabolism (Fukuhara et al., 1980).

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000755

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome I
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000753
sources: ILAE 1989 Dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia (DCM) with epilepsy (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) appears between the ages of 6 and 20 years (mean 11 years) with myoclonias or GTCS. Above all, the myoclonic syndrome is characterized by action and intention myoclonus. The GTCS are rare and sensitive to therapy. Mental deterioration, when present, is slow. Most of the neurologic manifestations are limited to cerebellar signs. In the EEG, the background activity remains normal, with generalized paroxysmal abnormalities (spikes, spike-waves, and polyspike-waves), and photosensitivity. During REM sleep, rapid polyspikes appear, localized in the central and vertex regions.

Rasmussen Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000756
sources: Engel 2001 Rasmussen Syndrome

Rasmussens Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Kojewnikows Syndrome
CUI: D0000757
sources: ILAE 1989 Rasmussen's Syndrome

Reflex Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000759
sources: Bancaud 1981 Reflex Seizure ILAE 1989 Reflex Epilepsy Blume 2001 Reflex: Objectively and consistently demonstrated to be evoked by a specific afferent stimulus or by activity of the patient. Afferent stimuli can be elementary [i.e., unstructured (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elaborate [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. Activity may be elementary [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elaborate [e.g., cognitive function (reading, chess playing)], or both (reading aloud). Engel 2001 Reflex Epilepsies Reflex epilepsy syndrome: A syndrome in which all epileptic seizures are precipitated by sensory stimuli. Reflex seizures that occur in focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes that are also associated with spontaneous seizures are listed as seizure types. Isolated reflex seizures can also occur in situations that do not necessarily require a diagnosis of epilepsy. Seizures precipitated by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizures (changed concept). ILAE 2010 Reflex Epilepsy

Respiratory Chain Defect
type: Class
subclass of: Mitochondrial Disease
CUI: D0000760
sources: Engel 2001 Respiratory chain defects

Rett Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Monogenic Mendelian Disease with Complex Pathogenic Mechanism
CUI: D0000761
sources: Engel 2001 Rett syndrome

Rhinoencephalic Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000762

Right Frontal Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000764

Rolandic Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000767

Rolandic Partial Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: Kojewnikows Syndrome
CUI: D0000768
sources: ILAE 1989 Rolandic Partial Epilepsy

Sandhoff Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000769
sources: ILAE 1989 Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease present with acoustic startle or myoclonus in the first months of life, without EEG manifestations. In the second year, myoclonic jerks and erratic partial seizures occur, along with marked slowing of the background rhythms.

Sanfilippo Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000770
sources: Engel 2001 Sanfilippo syndrome

Schizencephaly
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000771
sources: Engel 2001 Schizencephalies

Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy in Infancy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000778
sources: ILAE 1989 Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy is a recently defined syndrome. The characteristics include a family history of epilepsy or febrile convulsions, normal development before onset, seizures beginning during the first year of life in the form of generalized or unilateral febrile clonic seizures, secondary appearance of myoclonic jerks, and often partial seizures. EEGs show generalized spike-waves and polyspike-waves, early photosensitivity, and focal abnormalities. Psychomotor development is retarded from the second year of life on, and ataxia, pyramidal signs, and interictal myoclonus appear. This type of epilepsy is very resistant to all forms of treatment.

Sex
type: Class
subclass of: epidemiologic factor
CUI: D0000779
comment: By most appropriate genetic designation (e.g. XX, XY, etc).

Sialidosis
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000780
sources: Engel 2001 Sialidosis

Sialidosis with Isolated Deficit in Neuroamidinase
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000781
sources: The clinical picture for the cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome (sialidosis with isolated deficit in neuraminidase) is very similar to that of the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, with myoclonus, photosensitivity, and cerebellar syndrome. Other characteristics include the nearly constant existence of amblyopia and presence of a cherry red spot on fundoscopic examination. The EEG is similar to that of DCM with the following specific features: The polyspike-wave discharges always correspond to a massive myoclonus and there is no photosensitivity

Sturge-Weber Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: Phakomatoses
CUI: D0000797
sources: ILAE 1989 The individual phacomatoses have no typical electroclinical pattern. We emphasize that West syndrome is frequent in tuberous sclerosis, and that generalized and partial seizures may follow the otherwise typical course of infantile spasms. Sturge-Weber syndrome is a frequent cause of simple partial seizures followed by hemiparesis. Engel 2001 Sturge-Weber syndrome

Subcortical Band Heterotopia
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000792
sources: Engel 2001 Subcortical band heterotopia

Sulphite-Oxidase Deficiency
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000793
sources: Engel 2001 Sulphite-Oxidase Deficiency

Supplementary Motor Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
CUI: D0000800
sources: ILAE 1989 Supplementary motor seizures. In supplementary motor seizures, the seizure patterns are postural, focal tonic, with vocalization, speech arrest, and fencing postures.

Sylvian Seizures
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000803

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000804

Tay-Sachs Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000806
sources: ILAE 1989 Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff disease present with acoustic startle or myoclonus in the first months of life, without EEG manifestations. In the second year, myoclonic jerks and erratic partial seizures occur, along with marked slowing of the background rhythms.

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000810
sources: 1989 ILAE Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Temporal lobe syndromes are characterized by simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized seizures, or combinations of these. Frequently, there is a history of febrile seizures, and a family history of seizures is common. Memory deficits may occur. On metabolic imaging studies, hypometabolism is frequently observed [e.g., positron emission tomography (PET)]. Unilateral or bilateral temporal lobe spikes are common on EEG. Onset is frequently in childhood or young adulthood. Seizures occur in clusters at intervals or randomly. General characteristics Features strongly suggestive of the diagnosis when present include: 1. Simple partial seizures typically characterized by autonomic and/or psychic symptoms and certain sensory phenomena such as olfactory and auditory (including illusions). Most common is an epigastric, often rising, sensation. 2. Complex partial seizures often but not always beginning with motor arrest typically followed by oroalimentary automatism. Other automatisms frequently follow. The duration is typically >1 min. Postictal confusion usually occurs. The attacks are followed by amnesia. Recovery is gradual. Electroencephalographic characteristics In temporal lobe epilepsies the interictal scalp EEG may show the following: 1. No abnormality. 2. Slight or marked asymmetry of the background activity. 3. Temporal spikes, sharp waves and/or slow waves, unilateral or bilateral, synchronous but also asynchronous. These findings are not always confined to the temporal region. 4. In addition to scalp EEG findings, intracranial recordings may allow better definition of the intracranial distribution of the interictal abnormalities. In temporal lobe epilepsies various EEG patterns may accompany the initial clinical ictal symptomatology, including (a) a unilateral or bilateral interruption of background activity; and (b) temporal or multilobar low-amplitude fast activity, rhythmic spikes, or rhythm…

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
type: Class
subclass of: Phakomatoses
CUI: D0000814
sources: Engel 2001 Tuberous sclerosis complex

Typical Absence Epilepsy
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000815

Unclassified Epilepsy Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000838
sources: Bancaud 1981 This category includes all seizures that cannot be classified because of inadequate or incomplete data and includes some seizures that by their natures defy classification in the previously defined broad categories. Many seizures occurring in the infant (e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, swimming movements, jittering, and apnea) will be classified here until such time as further experience with video-tape confirmation and electroencephalographic characterization entitles them to subtyping in the extant classification.
comment: D0000816

Unilateral Polymicrogyria
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000817
sources: Engel 2001 Unilateral polymicrogyria

Unverricht-Lundborg Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsy PME
CUI: D0000819
sources: Engel 2001 Unverricht-Lundborg Disease

Urea Cycle Disorder
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000837
sources: Engel 2001 Urea Cycle Disorders

Voltage Gated Potassium Channel VGKC Encephalitis
type: Class
subclass of: Neuronal Surface Antibody Syndromes
CUI: D0000825
sources: Suleiman 2013 Voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex antibody associated autoimmune limbic encephalitis (including leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 [LGI1] and contactin-associated protein-like 2 [CASPR2] antibodies) in which patients often have temporal lobe seizures (Irani et al., 2010; Lai et al., 2010)

West Syndrome
type: Class
subclass of: epilepsy syndrome
CUI: D0000836
sources: ILAE 1989 West Syndrome Usually, West syndrome consists of a characteristic triad: infantile spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia, although one element may be missing. Spasms may be flexor, extensor, lightning, or nods, but most commonly they are mixed. Onset peaks between the ages of 4 and 7 months and always occurs before the age of 1 year. Boys are more commonly affected. The prognosis is generally poor. West syndrome may be separated into two groups. The symptomatic group is characterized by previous existence of brain damage signs (psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, radiologic signs, or other types of seizures) or by a known etiology. The smaller, cryptogenic group is characterized by a lack of previous signs of brain damage and of known etiology. The prognosis appears to be partly based on early therapy with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or oral steroids. Engel 2001 West Syndrome ILAE 2010 West Syndrome

X-Linked Lissencephaly
type: Class
subclass of: Cortical Malformation Abnormal Development
CUI: D0000830
sources: Engel 2001 X-linked lissencephaly

current adolescent 12 18 yrs
type: Class
subclass of: Age Currently
CUI: D0000355
sources: Bancaud 1981 Puberty SIGN 2005 Berg 2010
sources: Blume 2001 Berg 2010

current adult 19 to 60 yrs
type: Class
subclass of: Age Currently
CUI: D0000356
sources: Bancaud 1981 Adult Life

current child 1 to 11 yrs
type: Class
subclass of: Age Currently
CUI: D0000479
sources: Bancaud 1981 Childhood
sources: Blume 2001 Berg 2010

current elderly greater than 60 yrs
type: Class
subclass of: Age Currently
CUI: D0000523
sources: Blume 2003 Berg 2010

current infant 1 to 12 months
type: Class
subclass of: Age Currently
CUI: D0000594
sources: Blume 2001 Berg 2010

current neonate birth to 1 month
type: Class
subclass of: Age Currently
CUI: D0000689
sources: Berg 2010
comment: <= 1Month or 44 weeks gestation

disease
type: Class
CUI: D0000501
sources: Scheuermann 2009 Disease A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. Diseases as dispositions rooted in physical disorders in the organism and realized in pathological processes. (1) to the existence of pre-clinical manifestations of disease (disorders can exist before they are realized in overt pathological processes); (2) to the combinations of disease and predispositions to disease which can exist within a single patient (as when an instance of disease of type A in a given patient is a risk factor for a second disease of type B); and (3) to the fact that the disease course and the clinical picture may vary widely between patients who have the same disease. Disorder A causally relatively isolated combination of physical components that is (a) clinically abnormal and (b) maximal, in the sense that it is not a part of some larger such combination. Such disorders are the physical basis of disease. A disease comes into existence because some physical component becomes malformed.

epidemiologic factor
type: Class
CUI: D0000526

epilepsy syndrome
type: Class
CUI: D0000841
lay explanation: This is a list of epilepsy syndromes (cited epilepsy syndromes 1989-2014)
sources: ILAE 1989 An epileptic syndrome is an epileptic disorder characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms customarily occurring together; these include such items as type of seizure, etiology, anatomy, precipitating factors, age of onset, severity, chronicity, diurnal and circadian cycling, and sometimes prognosis. However, in contradistinction to a disease, a syndrome does not necessarily have a common etiology and prognosis. Engel 2006 Epilepsy syndrome: A complex of signs and symptoms that define a unique epilepsy condition with different etiologies. This must involve more than just the seizure type; thus frontal lobe seizures per se, for instance, do not constitute a syndrome (changed concept). Fischer 2014 epilepsy syndrome

Alpers' Disease
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000361

Alzheimer's Disease
type: Class
subclass of: disease
CUI: D0000362

Grave's Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Autoimmune Diseases
CUI: D0000573
sources: Suleiman 2013 Graves’ disease is an antibody mediated autoimmune disorder and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) has been previously associated with Grave’s disease, and may be due to thyroxine causing a lower seizure threshold (Su et al., 1993). Our case 11 was diagnosed to have an idiopathic myoclonic epilepsy (JME) based on her age, seizure phenotype, and EEG abnormality. JME is considered to be a genetic epilepsy, and indeed in this case there was limited evidence that the epilepsy was autoimmune despite the presence of other autoimmune diseases, and her classification was “unknown” as she was negative for NSAbs and received no immunotherapy.

Hashimoto's Encephalopathy
type: Class
subclass of: Encephalitis
CUI: D0000575
sources: Suleiman 2013 Seizures can occur in Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, which is a rare association of autoimmune Hashimoto’s thyroiditis associated with Abs against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin (Castillo et al., 2006). Patients described with Hashimoto encephalopathy present with broad clinical manifestations and are classically reported to be steroid responsive. The role of thyroid antibodies in Hashimoto encephalopathy is uncertain, and the term “steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis” (SREAT) has been used to reflect the hypothesis that Hashimoto encephalopathy may be caused by unidentified neuronal autoantibodies (Castillo et al., 2002; Schauble et al., 2003).

Huntington's Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Genetic Disease
CUI: D0000580
sources: Engel 2001 Huntington disease

Huntington's Disease Infantile Type
type: Class
subclass of: Huntington's Disease
CUI: D0000581
sources: ILAE 1989 An infantile type of Huntington’s disease appears after age 3 years, with a slowing of mental development, followed by dystonia, GTCS, atypical absence seizures, and myoclonic seizures. The EEG shows discharges of generalized spike-waves and polyspike-waves, with the usual photic stimulation rate. Engel 2001 Huntington disease

Menkes' Disease
type: Class
subclass of: Inherited Metabolic Disorder
CUI: D0000647
sources: Engel 2001 Menkes' Disease

Thing
CUI: C0000000