Todo: describe a set of these, up to 1 meter in height.
A sand substrate with ridges formed by tidal action.
The turtle digs this out of the substrate with limb sweeps. H&E p. 7.
A modified version of the sequence given in Bustard et al. 1975.
The 10-step top level sequence for female loggerhead nesting. H&E p. 3.
the hindlimb carrying the sand rotates such that the anterior edge moves down, the forward, which...dumps the sand. H&E p.11.
Variant of Posterolateral sand dump. H&E p. 11,24.
Varient of Posterolateral sand dump. H&E p. 11,24.
Variant of Posterolateral sand dump. H&E p. 11, 24.
The common variant of the Hindlimb sand dump. H&E p. 11, 24.
Flicking denotes moving sand with a forward movement of the limb. H&E p. 9.
Flicking the sand alternately with the hindlimbs.
Flicking motion with the left hindlimb. Inferred from parent B8467:0000107.
Flicking motion with the right hindlimb. Inferred from parent B8467:0000107.
Sequence of motions to pile and compact the sand over the egg chamber. H&E p. 16.
Sand packing actions performed with the foot. H&E p. 16.
Sand packing actions performed with the knee. H&E p. 17.
Foot is rotated so the anterior edge is on the sand, usually accompanied by circular grinding. H&E p. 17.
The bend of the heel carries the force to the sand. H&E p. 17.
flipper pushes downward on the sand with ventral surface. H&E p. 16.
Presses alternately with the hindlimbs. H&E p. 17.
brings hindlimbs close together and raises posterior end by pushing downward. H&E p. 17.
Side stepping across the top of the egg chamber. H&E p. 17.
Set of sand movement motions of the hindlimbs rotated such that their anterior edge is against the substrate while the limb moves backward. H&E p. 15.
Both hindlimbs move, out of phase, to pull sand into the partially filled egg chamber. H&E p. 15, 16.
motion of a single leg during either the synchronous or alternate hindlimb scoop/pull. H&E p. 15.
Sand Throwing is done by digging the anterior edge of the flipper into the substrate and moving sand backward with the flipper's ventral surface. Sand Throwing is far more vigorous than Sand Pulling and gives the impression of being even more vigorous than the Sand Sweeping movements. H&E p. 18.
Right side version of Hindlimb Scoop/Pull (ETD:0000096). H&E p. 15,16.
Flipper movements involved in sand moving. H&E p. 9.
Forelimbs are raised and brought nearly in front of the head before scraping into the sand and moved nearly to the side of the animal, leaving there a pile of swept sand. H&E p. 7, 8.
motion of the contralateral limb during Single Hindlimb Scoop/Pull. H&E p. 15.
Both hindlimbs move synchronously to pull sand into th partially filled egg chamber. H&E p. 15, 16.
Moving sand by dragging the ventral portion of a flipper. H&E p. 7.
Hindlimbs are swept alternately (RH-LH-). H&E p. 7.
Diagonally opposite legs are moved (nearly) synchronously. H&E p. 7.
Sand sweeps with the forelimbs moved synchronously (LF/RF-). H&E p. 7.
Synchronous movements of the forlimbs (LF/RF-...) A swimming loggerhead...trailed the hind feet laterally. H&E p. 3.
An explanation in terms of the actor reproducing or increasing its opportunities or chances of doing so.
throwing is done by digging the anterior edge of the flipper into the substrate and moving sand backward. Far more vigorous than sand pulling. H&E p. 18.
When one hindlimb throws sand, the other rests with its ventral surface on the substrate and often moves in subtle ways... H&E p. 19.
Diagonally opposite limbs throw sand nearly simultaneously. Front limb leads slightly. H&E p. 18, 19.
Nearly synchronous sand throwing movements of the left front and right hind limbs. Infered from parent.
Nearly synchronous sand throwing movements of the right front and left hind limbs. Infered from parent.
Sweep sand backward to the sides of the turtle and scatter sand ove substrate and ... carapace. H&E p. 18.
Follows Synchronous Forelimb Throw but not as vigorous and resembles Scoop/Pull motions. H&E p. 18.
Subtle motion of a hind leg occuring while the other is sand-throwing. H&E p. 19. Also may occur simultaneously with packing actions during Fill and Pack Chamber. H&E p. 17.
Thrust by both forelimbs; initial locomotor act in return to surf. H&E p. 20.
the usual gait of tetrapods, the footfall sequence of which is LH-LF-RH-RF-... H&E p. 4.
sea turtles are not supported entirely on the limbs; the loggerhead drags her mass by jerky thrusts. H&E p. 4, 5.
A change of direction with walking on the beach. H&E p. 5.
Positive phototactic response reported by H&E p. 21.
Although bystanders are Agents, in this case generalizing to Physical Object is probably the appropriate abstraction.
Reverse direction by turning. In H&E, it usually refers to turning around to return to the surf. H&E p. 5.
Turning around without changing position. H&E p. 5.
Turning around while not remaining in one place. H&E p. 5.
The push by the chin helps depress the body posteriorly. H&E p. 7,8.
Reverse of Posterior Tilt Down. H&E p. 11.
Female presses chin into sand and pushes briefly with the hindlimbs to effect a slight movement forward. H&E p. 8.
Rotation of body around vertical axis, defined in terms of position and orientation of posterior end of body. Abstracted from children.
The body shifts so as to position the opposite hindlimb over the egg chamber. Inferred by author as necessarily due to actions of the forelimbs. H&E p. 10.
The posterior shifts in the direction of the extended hindlimb. H&E p. 17.
The body rotates around a vertical axis, described in terms of the position and orientation of the posterior end of the body. H&E p. 10,17.
Turning, extending, etc. the head of the animal.
As soon as laying is complete, the female extends her head (start of fill and pack). H&E p. 15.
[departing turtles] raise their heads nearly vertically out the water after swimming out about 5 m from shore. H&E p. 21.
The head is (often) turned from side to side. H&E p. 4.
The action of a single leg during either the Synchronous or Alternate Hindlimb Scoop/Pull. H&E p. 15.
Perhaps, considering the actor constraint, this should be contained in Loggerhead Beach Gait.
The step patterns in the Quadrupedal Gait sequence. H&E p. 4.
Moving the left front leg in the loggerhead version of the quadrupedal gait. H&E p. 4.
Moving the right front leg in the loggerhead version of the quadrupedal gait. H&E p. 4.
Moving the left hind leg in the loggerhead version of the quadrupedal gait. H&E p. 4.
Moving the right hind leg in the loggerhead version of the quadrupedal gait. H&E p. 4.
Swimming stroke by one of the front flippers. H&E p. 21.
A single swimming stroke with the right front leg (flipper). Inferred from parent B8467:0000168.
A single swimming stroke with the left front leg (flipper). Inferred from parent B8467:0000169.
The flipper is retracted up out of the hole. H&E p. 11.
The hindlimb scoops up the loose sand by curling the digits around it. H&E p. 11.
Similar to Sccop/Pull except that the hindlimbs are vertically oriented and the ventral surface curls around the sand above the hole, shaping it into a pile. H&E p. 16.
An action that at the physical level is a change in shape, e.g, no change in topology. Folds and expansions/contractions are the most common subtypes.
The cloacal tube is extended downward. H&E p. 8, 12.
The clocal tube is extended down to touch the substrate. H&E p. 8.
The clocal tube is extended downward into the egg chamber. H&E p. 12
The neck bulges upward at the proximal end, and the wave of upward extension travels distally to the head. H&E p. 13.
Brief, soft noise, vaguely grunt-like. H&E p. 13.
Fill the body pit with sand. H&E p. 18.
Digging the sand cavity that will receive the eggs. H&E p. 9.
Fill the egg cavity with sand and pack it down. H&E p. 15.
The portion of Dig Egg Chamber that preceeds the 18 step Excavation Sequence. H&E p. 9.
Expel eggs into the egg chamber. H&E p. 12.
Digging the depression where the body will rest during laying. H&E p. 7.
Walk down the beach to the surfline. H&E p. 20.
The turtle is walking on the beach and presumed to be looking for a nesting site. H&E p. 6.
Return to water, following the same course as in ascent. H&E p. 5.
A human related event that causes the turtle to abandon the nesting sequence.
Humans are not necessarily the actors here, so leave this as an event.
Inching seems to be due primarily to forward components of sand-throwing acts. H&E p. 20.
Lurching forwad results from pulling with the forelimbs and possibly the chin. H&E p. 20.
An object is moved by the action of a wave. H&E p. 4.
A pause where the neck is raised at a slightly oblique angle such that the head is off the substrate and the chin is held parallel to it. H&E p. 4, 5.
The neck is at a strongly oblique angle, which may be nearly vertical, and the head is raised noticably such that the nostrils are the highest point. H&E p. 4, 5.
Pause while the plastron of the turtle is on the substrate, the head is lowered so that her chin is on or in the sand. H&E p. 4, 5.
Position of hind feet during swimming. H&E p. 3, 4.
The cyclic sequence of 18 actions that constitutes the principle portion of digging the egg chamber. H&E p. 9
A change in the topological properties of a surface, generally an oriface opening or closing.
An action that involves a change in some property of a biological surface, for example color changes in squid. The surface remains intact (not a topological change) and does not change shape.
Swimming away from the beach. Pauses with head raises observed. H&E p.21
Swimming inferred by H&E p.3. Defined to end when body no longer supported by water.
Occasional independent throws of any limb. H&E p. 19.
Series of individual Scape/Dig units performed by one hindlimb.
...the hind flippers raise noticably at the distal ends and maintain the extension. ...appears to be primarily a rotation of the foot around the ankle joint. H&E p. 12.
Sometimes...the hind flippers are raised and lowered slightly, but not held upward as during an egg-drop. H&E p.13.
The individual rotations of the flippers in Hind Flipper Raise appear to be primarily a rotation of the foot about the ankle joint. Inferred from group. H&E p. 12.
Hindlimbs are raised (similar to Forelimb Sweep) and brought nearly to the side of the carapace before sweeping the sand rearward. H&E p. 7, 8.
...it appears that her chin is pressed downward to support some mass, particularly during alternate sweeps of the hindlimbs. H&E p. 7
Left side version of Hindlimb Scoop/Pull (ETD:0000097). H&E p. 15,16.
Throwing motion by a forelimb. Inferred from parent ETD:0000130.
Throwing motion by hindlimb. Inferred from parent ETD:0000130.
A pushing motion with a limb. Inferred from Limb_Push, which actually refers to body displacements caused by this action. H&E p. 8.
Pushing in a backward direction with a limb, e.g., as part of a quadrupedal gait.
Cause of Posterior Tilt Down during fill egg chamber. H&E p. 17.
The cloacal tube was...then raised again. H&E p. 8 (not named). H&E Table 6.
The head pulls back to its original position. H&E p. 13.
The skin of the throat is lowered during a Head-Horizonal Pause. H&E p. 4.
The motion of the active limb in Single Hindlimb Pull. H&E p. 15, 16.
The hind flipper digs by scraping along the ipsilateral edge of the chamber with a downward movement. H&E p. 10.
Superclass of the two types of packing action observed during the Sand-packing phase. H&E p. 16,17
The skin of the throat is raised during a Head-horizonal Pause. H&E p. 4.
Although H&E use the term extend, and the distal end of the limb is further from the body center, this still seems more like a fold.
Hindlimb is extended down into the [egg] chamber, ... ventral surface is facing the animal's midline. H&E p. 10.
The distal part of the flipper is held upside down as it is extended posterolaterally behind the turtle. H&E p. 10, 11.
Female presses her chin into the sand and pushes briefly with the hindlimbs to effect a slight movement forward to obliquely forward. H&E p. 8.
A subtle movement of the body forward and sometimes obliquely to one side. It is difficult to tell how this movement takes place. H&E p. 17.
Forward or rotational movement of the body occurs as an apparent concomitant of sand-sweeping. H&E p. 8.
A few movements of the body caused by brief pushing of one or more limbs, being lateral, forward, or rotational. H&E p. 8.
Posterior shift enabling digging by the right flipper. Inferred from parent B8467:0000144.
Posterior shift enabling digging by the left flipper. Inferred from parent B8467:0000144.
Refined from parent ETD:0000159. H&E p. 10, 11.
Inferred from parent ETD:0000159. H&E p. 17
Posterior Tilt Down during make body pit
H&E collapsed this with its siblings, though the figures show differences.
The push by the chin helps depress the body posteriorly. H&E p. 7, 8.
Posterior Tilt Down during dig egg chamber
H&E collapse this with its siblings, though the figures show differences.
The whole body tilts downward at the rear, this tilting action is due to the forelimbs (and possibly chin) pushing into the substrate anteriorly. H&E p. 10.
Inferred from parent B8467:0000315. H&E Figure 4d.
Inferred from parent B8467:0000315. Reflection of B8467:0000316.
Posterior Tilt Down during fill and pack chamber
H&E collapse this with its siblings though the figures show differences.
Tilt occurs during compacting and appears to be the result of the forelimbs and the chin pushing down. H&E p. 19.
Flicking motion with the left hindleg. H&E p. 9-10.
Flicking motion with the right hindlimb. H&E p. 9-10.
An explanation of an action in terms of a function or benefit to the actor originating the action.
An explanation in terms of the actor gaining access to nutrients and energy.
An explanation in terms of the actor or owner avoiding or responding to predation.
An explanation in terms of the actor's social state (e.g., status, obligations, etc.).
An explanation of an action in terms of maintaining the actor's physiological or mechanical condition.
An explanation in terms of the actor gaining or increasing access to information about its environment via its senses.
An explanation in terms of the actor's life history stage.
An explanation in terms of contraints due to phylogenetic history.
An explanation of an action in terms of constraints imposed by physiological, neural, or biomechanical mechanisms.