temporally_related_to
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Related in time by preceding, co-occuring with, or following

follows
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally_related_to

precedes
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: temporally_related_to

has_property
type: ObjectProperty

has_pacs_study
type: ObjectProperty

applied_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: To make use of something vs an entity

computed_using
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Refers to the process / tool used to produce the computed entity

converted_to
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: extracted_from
definition: Transformed into something

contains
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: is_part_of
definition: to have within

defined_by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Which specifies particular properties

delineation_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: has_delineation
definition: Obtained by delineate a contour

has_version_status
type: ObjectProperty

developed_by
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Created an entity (e.g. a software)

develops
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Act to create something new

direction_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty

extracted_from
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
label: has_basis_function
definition: Specifies basis function of a filter

has_calculation_run
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Related to a computational process (calculation run)

has_computed
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Has produced as result a computation

has_delineation
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty

has development_status
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Specifies what is the status of the development of the SW from first developed test versions to live (in a production environment) versions

has_direction
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Specifies the direction / orientation of a filter

has_distance
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
definition: Specifies the distance (e.g. norm)

has_filter
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies the imaging filter

has_function
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Speficies the mathematical function

has_GreyLevelRound
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies the grey level round

has_intensity_fraction
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies the intensity fraction (refers to class IntensityFraction) used to compute the volume at intensity fraction

has_label
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is_label_of

has_license
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The relationship between an entity and the set of legal restrictions, i.e. license, which are applied in using or otherwise interacting with that entity. Eg. relationship between software and a software license

has_max
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies maximum value

has_method
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies computational method

has_min
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies minimum value

has_orientation
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies orientation along the space

has_PartialVolumeCutOff
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies Partial Volume cut off value

has_processing
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is_processing_of
definition: Specifies any post processing applied to an image

has_programming_language
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is_programming_language_of
definition: This predicate is used to describe which is the programming language in which a SW or application was written

has_radiomics_feature
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is_radiomics_feature_of
definition: Specifies the radiomic feature related to the entity

has_scale
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Speficies if a particular scale (e.g. logaritmic has been applied)

has_segmentation_method
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: segmented
definition: This predicates is used to link a Region of Interest with the method used to generate it. It can be both a manual delineation or a SW based the delineation

has_unit
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Specifies the unity associated to a quantity

has_version
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is_version_of
definition: This predicates is use to link the software with the name of the version. Usually the version name is represented by a number, which represents the release of the SW

has_volume_fraction
type: ObjectProperty
definition: The predicate is used to specify the volume fraction (refers to class VolumeFraction) used to compute the intensity at volume fraction (refers to class IntensityAtVolumeFraction) feature

has_voxel_dimensionX
type: ObjectProperty

has_voxel_dimensionY
type: ObjectProperty

has_voxel_dimensionZ
type: ObjectProperty

implemented_in
type: ObjectProperty
definition: To put into effect according to or by means of a definite procedure

is_connected_to
type: ObjectProperty

is_label_of
type: ObjectProperty

is_part_of
type: ObjectProperty

is_processing_of
type: ObjectProperty

is_programming_language_of
type: ObjectProperty

has_featurespace
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: is featurespace
definition: define feature space

has_imagespace
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: is imagespace
definition: define image space

has_imaging_modality
type: ObjectProperty

has_discretization_algorithm
type: ObjectProperty

is_radiomics_feature_of
type: ObjectProperty

performs
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: performed_by

is_version_of
type: ObjectProperty

performed_by
type: ObjectProperty

has_FixedBinSize
type: ObjectProperty

originated_from
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Created from a certain context

segmented
type: ObjectProperty

has_interpolation_method
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is interpolation method of

has_equalisation
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is equalisation of

has_range
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is range of

has_FixedBinNumber
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is FixedBinNumber of

has_outlier_removal
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: is_outlier_removal_of

is_FixedBinSize_of
type: ObjectProperty

is_outlier_removal_of
type: ObjectProperty

run_on
type: ObjectProperty

GrossTumourVolume
type: Class
subclass of: TargetVolume
definition: The Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) is the gross demonstrable extent and location of the tumor. The GTV may consist of a primary tumor (primary tumor GTV or GTV-T), metastatic regional node(s) (nodal GTV or GTV-N), or distant metastasis (metastatic GTV, or GTV-M). Typically, different GTVs are defined for the primary tumor and the regional node(s). But in some particular clinical situations, it might well be that the metastatic node cannot be distinguished from the primary tumor, e.g., a nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma infiltrating posterolaterally into the retropharyngeal space, including possible infiltrated nodes. In such situations, a single GTV encompassing both the primary tumor and the node(s) may be delineated. (ICRU 83) For more information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/ndq001

MagneticResonanceImaging
type: Class
subclass of: ImagingModality

Patient
type: Class
subclass of: Person
definition: A person who receives medical attention, care, or treatment, or who is registered with medical professional or institution with the purpose to receive medical care when necessary

PositronEmissionTomography
type: Class
subclass of: ImagingModality

ComputedTomography
type: Class
subclass of: ImagingModality

Scan
type: Class
subclass of: MedicalImage
definition: The data or image obtained by gathering information with a sensing device

MedicalImage
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: Any record of a medical imaging event whether physical or electronic

Person
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalObject
definition: A human being

Scale
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept
definition: A measurement that uses a mathematical transformation of a physical quantity instead of the quantity itself

ImagingRegionOfInterest
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: A specific area of interest defined by a sequence of image overlays or a sequence of contours described as a single point (for a point ROI) or more than one point (representing and open or closed polygon)

Event
type: Class
definition: A broad type for grouping activities, processes and states

Entity
type: Class
definition: A broad type for grouping physical and conceptual entities

PhysicalObject
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: An object perceptible to the sense of vision or touch or than can be used by an human

ConceptualEntity
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: A broad type for grouping abstract entities or concepts

QuantitativeConcept
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: A concept which involves the dimensions, quantity or capacity of something using some unit of measure, or which involves the quantitative comparison of entities

FunctionalConcept
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: A concept which is of interest because it pertains to the carrying out of a process or activity

ProgrammingLanguage
type: Class
subclass of: SoftwareProperties
definition: A language in which source code is written, intended to executed/run by a software interpreter. Programming languages are ways to write instructions that specify what to do, and sometimes, how to do it

Unit
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept
definition: A unit of measurement is a standardized quantity of a physical quality

LengthUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the distance between two points

Meter
type: Class
subclass of: LengthUnit
definition: A length unit which is equal to the length of the path traveled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second

Centimeter
type: Class
subclass of: LengthUnit
definition: A length unit which is equal to one hundredth of a meter or 10^[-2] m

Millimeter
type: Class
subclass of: LengthUnit
definition: A length unit which is equal to one thousandth of a meter or 10^[-3] m

AreaUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface

SquareMeter
type: Class
subclass of: AreaUnit
definition: An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long

SquareCentimeter
type: Class
subclass of: AreaUnit
definition: An area unit which is equal to one thousand of square meter or 10^[-3] m^[2]

SquareMillimeter
type: Class
subclass of: AreaUnit
definition: An area unit which is equal to one millionth of a square meter or 10^[-6] m^[2]

VolumeUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of space occupied by any substance, whether solid, liquid, or gas

CubicMeter
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeUnit
definition: A volume unit which is equal to the volume of a cube with edges one meter in length. One cubic meter equals to 1000 liters

CubicCentimeter
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeUnit
definition: A volume unit which is equal to one millionth of a cubic meter or 10^[-6] m^[3], or to 1 ml

FrequencyUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the number of repetitive actions in a particular time

Hertz
type: Class
subclass of: FrequencyUnit
definition: A frequency unit which is equal to 1 complete cycle of a recurring phenomenon in 1 second

AngleUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the figure or space formed by the junction of two lines or planes.

Radian
type: Class
subclass of: AngleUnit
definition: A plane angle unit which is equal to the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle, approximately 57 degrees 17 minutes and 44.6 seconds.

Degree
type: Class
subclass of: AngleUnit
definition: A plane angle unit which is equal to 1/360 of a full rotation or 1.7453310^[-2] rad.

RTDose
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyDICOMFunctionalConcept

RTPlan
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyDICOMFunctionalConcept

RTStructureSet
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyDICOMFunctionalConcept

GTV(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: TargetVolume(ROI)
definition: A region of interest based on a delineation of the Gross Tumor Volume. The label adheres to the standardized naming convention proposed by Santanam et al (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.09.054)

PTV(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: TargetVolume(ROI)
definition: A region of interest based on a delineation of the Planning Target Volume. The label adheres to the standardized naming convention proposed by Santanam et al (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.09.054)

RadiationOncologyRegionOfInterest
type: Class
subclass of: ImagingRegionOfInterest
definition: The class of regions of interest used in Radiation Oncology and adhering to the Standardized Naming Conventions in Radiation Oncology

TargetVolume(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyRegionOfInterest
definition: A region of interest based on a delineation of a Target Volume

OrganAtRisk(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyRegionOfInterest
definition: A region of interest based on a delineation of an Organ-At-Risk (OAR)

RadiationOncologyDICOMFunctionalConcept
type: Class
subclass of: FunctionalConcept
definition: A concept which is of interest because it is related to DICOM objects used in radiation oncology

CTV(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: TargetVolume(ROI)
definition: A region of interest based on a delineation of the Clinical Target Volume. The label adheres to the standardized naming convention proposed by Santanam et al (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.09.054)

RadiationOncologyFunctionalConcept
type: Class
subclass of: FunctionalConcept
definition: A concept which is of interest because it pertains to the carrying out of radiation oncology. Examples are target and other irradiated volumes, margins etc

PlanningTargetVolume
type: Class
subclass of: TargetVolume
definition: The Planning Target Volume (PTV) is a geometrical concept introduced for treatment planning and evaluation. It is the recommended tool to shape absorbed-dose distributions to ensure that the prescribed absorbed dose will actually be delivered to all parts of the CTV with a clinically acceptable probability, despite geometrical uncertainties such as organ motion and setup variations. It is also used for absorbed-dose prescription and reporting. It surrounds the representation of the CTV with a margin such that the planned absorbed dose is delivered to the CTV. This margin takes into account both the internal and the setup uncertainties. The setup margin accounts specifically for uncertainties in patient positioning and alignment of the therapeutic beams during the treatment planning, and through all treatment sessions. (ICRU 83) For more information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/ndq001

TargetVolume
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyFunctionalConcept
definition: A Target Volume is a volume of tissue or of a geometrical concept forming the target for irradiation during radiation oncology

OrganAtRisk
type: Class
subclass of: RadiationOncologyFunctionalConcept
definition: The Organ-At-Risk (OAR) or critical normal structures are tissues that if irradiated could suffer significant morbidity and thus might influence the treatment planning and/or the absorbed-dose prescription. (ICRU 83) For more information: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru/ndq001

Software
type: Class
subclass of: ManufacturedObject

DevelopmentStatus
type: Class
subclass of: SoftwareProperties
definition: Development status is an information content entity which indicates the maturity of a sofrware entity within the context of the software life cycle.

Alpha
type: Class
subclass of: DevelopmentStatus
definition: Alpha is a development status which is applied to software by the developer/publisher during initial development and testing. Software designated alpha is commonly unstable and prone to crashing. It may or may not be released publicly

Beta
type: Class
subclass of: DevelopmentStatus
definition: Beta is a development status which is generally applied to software by the developer/publisher once the majority of features have been implemented, but when the software may still contain bugs or cause crashes or data loss. Software designated beta is often released publicly, either on a general release or to a specific subset of users called beta testers.

Live
type: Class
subclass of: DevelopmentStatus
definition: Live is a development status which is applied to software that has been designated as suitable for production environments by the developer/publisher. If a non-free product, software at this stage is available for purchase

Obsolete
type: Class
subclass of: VersionStatus
definition: Sofware is no longer being supplied by the developers/publishers

Mantained
type: Class
subclass of: VersionStatus
definition: Software has developers actively maintaining it (fixing bugs)

GLDZM_LargeDistanceLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the upper right quadrant of the GLDZM, where large zone distances and low grey levels are located.

GLCM_Contrast
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Contrast assesses grey level variations. It is defines as in https://doi.org/10.5589/m02-004

GLCM_ClusterProminence
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The cluster prominence is a measure of asymmetry. When the cluster prominence value is high, the image is less symmetric

BSplineInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: This filter performs interpolation using a B-spline of order n

IntensityHistogramMode
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Most common discretised grey level present in the histogram

ExponentialDecay
type: Class
subclass of: MathematicalFunction
definition: Defined as exp(-x)

VolumeAtIntensityFraction
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityVolumeHistogram
definition: It is the largest volume fraction that has an intensity fraction of at least a certain percentage. See also https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.011

Scaling
type: Class
subclass of: ImageOperations
definition: This class includes all the filters which are used to resize an image. They can be used both to increase or reduce the dimensions

IntensityHistogramUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The uniformity is a measure of the randomness of the grey levels distirbution histogram

Compactness2
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Compactness 2 is anothere measure to describe how sphere-like the volume is

AreaDensityMVEE
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The surface density minimum volume enclosing ellipsoid is defined as the ratio between the area and the surface of the eilpsoide as defined in feature VolumeDensityMVEE

2DAverage
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Averaged over slices and directions

GLSZM_GreyLevelVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in zone counts for the grey levels

SurfaceArea
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The surface area is calculated from the ROI mesh, by summing over the face area surfaces

IntensityHistogramKurtosis
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Kurtosis is a measure of how outlier-prone a distribution is. The kurtosis of the normal distribution is 3. Distributions that are more outlier-prone than the normal distribution have kurtosis greater than 3; distributions that are less outlier-prone have kurtosis less than 3

SquareHU
type: Class
subclass of: Unit

RobustMeanAbsoluteDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The mean absolute deviation feature may be influenced by outliers. To increase robustness, the set of grey levels can be restricted to those which lie closer to the center of the distribution.

NGLDM_DependenceCountEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: Defined as second moment in Sun and Wee (1983)

BellInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: Bell uses a kernel to interpolate the pixels of the input image. The kernel is defined as: 0.75-|x| if x<0.5 0.5 (|x| - 1.5)^2 if 0.5 < x < 1.5 0 otherwise

IntensityHistogramVariance
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Variance of the intensities

FeatureParameterSpace
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: The feature parameter space is defined as the space that includes all the possible radiomics computation methods that can be applied to certain radiomics features. Subclasses are: aggregation re-segmentation, interpolation, features specific parameters, discretization

LHH
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

CubicMillimeterHU
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeUnit

LaplacianFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: Convolutes with a laplacian kernel the original image

IntensityAtVolumeFractionDifference
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityVolumeHistogram
definition: The difference between grey levels at two different fractional volumes

MarchingCubes
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

GaussianFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: This filter applies a gaussian kernel with a pre-defined average value and variance to each pixel of an image It is used to blur image and remove details and noise

IntensityHistogramCoefficientOfVariation
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The intensity Histogram Coefficient of Variation measures the dispersion of the histogram

IntensityHistogramMeanAbsoluteDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Measure of dispersion from the mean of the histogram

GLCM_DifferenceVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The variance for the diagonal probabilities

Voxel
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

VolumeAtIntensityFractionDifference
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityVolumeHistogram
definition: The difference between the volume fractions at two different intensity fractions. See also https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.011

GLCM_ClusterTendency
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The cluster tendency indicates into how many clusters the gray levels present in the image can be classified

ArcSin
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Inverse Sine

GLDZM_SmallDistanceHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the lower left quadrant of the GLDZM, where small zone distances and high grey levels are located

NGLDM_DependenceCountVariance
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in dependence counts for the different dependence counts possible

GLCM_InverseVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The inverse variance feature measures how the gray tone differences are distributed in pair elements

Variance
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The variance from grey level distribution

I10minusI90
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityAtVolumeFractionDifference
definition: Difference between the intensity at volume fraction 10 and intensity at volume fraction 90

ArcCos
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Inverse Cosine

SinH
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Hyperbolic Sine

NGLDM_LowDependenceLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises neighbouring grey level dependence counts in the upper left quad- rant of the NGLDM, where low dependence counts and low grey levels are located

NearestNeighbour
type: Class
subclass of: InterpolationParameters
definition: Nearest neighbour interpolation assigns grey levels in the output grid to the values of the closest voxels in the input grid.

ColliageFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace

NGLDM_DependenceCountEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: The entropy for the dependence counts

MorphologicalSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

NGLDM_GreyLevelNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the distribution of neighbouring grey level dependence counts over the grey values. The feature value is low when dependence counts are equally distributed along grey levels

Haar
type: Class
subclass of: BasisFunction

Cosine
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Cosine Trigonometric Function

GLRLM_HighGreyLevelRunEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: The HGLRE measures the distribution of high gray level values. The HGRE is high for the image with highgray level values

IsoValue
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: Iso-value algorithm with isolevels

ImageVolume_GreyLevelRound
type: Class
subclass of: ImageOperations

EuclideanNorm
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: The "ordinary" straight-line distance between two points in Euclidean space

GLDZM_ZoneDistanceEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: Entropy for the zone distances

IntensityAtVolumeFraction
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityVolumeHistogram
definition: Minimum grey level present in at most a certain percentage of the volume. See also https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.011

GLRLM_ShortRunHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: The SRHGLE measures the joint distribution of short runs and high gray level values. The SRHGE is high for the image with many short runs and high gray level values

IntensityHistogramStandardDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The Standard Deviation measures the amount of variation or dispersion from the Mean Value

CalculationRunSpace
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: Properties related to the process used to perform a calculation (e.g. a SW processing something)

IntensityHistogramPercentile10
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: 10 Percentile of the histogram

GLSZM_ZoneSizeEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: Entropy related to the zone sizes

GLCM_JointMaximum
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Probability corresponding to the most common grey level co-occurence in the GCLM

Closing
type: Class
subclass of: TopologicalOperations
definition: This filter performs morphological closing. The morphological operation includes an a dilation followed by an erosion, using the same structuring element for both operations

Morphological
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: Morphological features describe geometric aspects of a region of interest (ROI), such as area and volume. Morphological features are based on ROI voxel representations of the volume.

Distance
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept
definition: The space separating two objects or points.

NGTDM_Complexity
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyToneDifferenceMatrix
definition: Complex textures are non-uniform and rapid changes in grey levels are common

GLRLM_RunEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix

GLRLM_ShortRunLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: The SRLGLE measures the joint distribution of short runs and low gray level values. The SRLGE is high for the image with many short runs and lower gray level values

GLSZM_SmallZoneHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the lower left quadrant of the GLSZM, where small zone sizes and high grey levels are located

WaveletDirection
type: Class
subclass of: FilterProperties

GLDZM_ZoneDistanceNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This is the normalised version of the zone distance non-uniformity feature

3DMerging
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Merged 3D directions

GLCM_InverseDifference
type: Class
equivalent class: GLCM_Homogeneity1
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Inverse difference is a measure of homogeneity. Grey level co-occurrences with a large difference in levels are weighed less, thus lowering the total feature score. The feature score is maximal if all grey levels are the same

GLRLM_RunLengthNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This is the normalised version of the run length non-uniformity feature

NGLDMSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

NGLDM_HighDependenceEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises high neighbouring grey level dependence counts

NeighbourhoodGreyToneDifferenceMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Textural
definition: The neighbourhood grey tone difference matrix (NGTDM) contains the sum of grey level differences of pixels/voxels with discretised grey level i and the average discretised grey level of neigh- bouring pixels/voxels within a distance d. See also https://doi.org/10.1109/21.44046

Kurtosis
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: Kurtosis is a measure of how outlier-prone a distribution is. The kurtosis of the normal distribution is 3. Distributions that are more outlier-prone than the normal distribution have kurtosis greater than 3; distributions that are less outlier-prone have kurtosis less than 3

AreaDensityOMBB
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The area density oriented bounding box is the ratio between the area and the surface area of the same bounding box as calculated for the VolumeDensityOMBB

3DAverage
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Averaged over 3D directions

MeanFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: The mean filter works on a n x n subregion of the image. At each position the center pixel is replaced by the mean value

GLRLM_LongRunLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the upper right quadrant of the GLRLM, where long run lengths and low grey levels are located

EdgeEnhancement
type: Class
subclass of: PixelOperations
definition: This filter detects edges in different orientation and enhances them working on pixels with different orientations

GLSZM_LargeZoneHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the lower right quadrant of the GLSZM, where large zone sizes and high grey levels are located

NGLDM_LowDependenceHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises neighbouring grey level dependence counts in the lower left quadrant of the NGLDM, where low dependence counts and high grey levels are located

Orientation
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept
definition: The orientation, angular position, or attitude of an object such as a line, plane or rigid body is part of the description of how it is placed in the space it is in

ImageFilterSpace
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: The image filter space is a container for all the filters that can be applied during the computation of a feature

2.5DAverage
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Merged per direction and averaged

GLCM_SecondMeasureOfInformationCorrelation
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix

GLSZM_GreyLevelNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the distribution of zone counts over the grey values. The feature value is low when zone counts are equally distributed along grey levels

Average
type: Class
subclass of: MathOperations
definition: This filter takes as input two images and produces an image which has as pixel values the average of the values of the starting images

Angular
type: Class
subclass of: Orientation
definition: Orientation referred to angular directions

FixedBinNumber
type: Class
subclass of: DiscretizationParameters
definition: In the fixed bin number method, grey levels are discretised to a fixed number of bins. The number of bins should always be specified

GLDZM_HighGreyLevelZoneEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: The feature emphasises high grey levels

ImageOperations
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: This class is a container for most common image filters used to pre-process an image before feature extraction

VoxelDimensionX
type: Class
subclass of: VoxelDimension

Translation
type: Class
subclass of: AffineTransformations
definition: This filter rotates an image according to a defined rotation matrix

Skewness
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The skewness measures the degree of histogram of gray levels asymmetry around the central value

WaveletProperties
type: Class
subclass of: FilterProperties

CentreOfMassShift
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The distance between the ROI volume centroid and the intensity-weigthted ROI volume centroid measures the placement of high and low intensity regions within the volume

GLDZM_LargeDistanceHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the lower right quadrant of the GLDZM, where large zone distances and high grey levels are located

3D
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Calculated over the volume

IntVolHistSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

SphericalDisproportion
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Spherical disproportion is a measure to describe how sphere-like the volume is

Automated
type: Class
subclass of: SegmentationMethods
definition: Segmentation is automated performed without requiring any additional interaction by the user. These tecnqiues usually make use of AI

ImageVolume
type: Class
subclass of: ImageSpace
definition: Volume derived from an image

Maximum3DDiameter
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The maximum 3D diameter is the distance between the two most distant vertices in the ROI mesh vertices sets

SegmentationMethods
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: This class is a container for all the main algorithms used to segment / generate a ROI

HHH
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Textural
definition: The grey level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) is a matrix that expresses how combinations of discretised grey levels of neighbouring pixels, or voxels in a 3D volume, are distributed along one of the image directions. In a 3 dimensional approach to texture analysis, the direct neighbourhood of a voxel consists of the 26 directly neighbouring voxels. Thus, there are 13 unique direction vectors within a neighbourhood volume for distance

ManhattanNorm
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: The distance between two points is the sum of the absolute differences of their Cartesian coordinates.

ImagingModality
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity

BiCubicInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: The filter makes use of third degree polynomial function to interpolate two pixels

FilterProperties
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: Specifies propery of an image filter

VoxelDimension
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept

VolumetricHU
type: Class
subclass of: Unit

GLDZM_LargeDistanceEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises large distances

MedianFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: The median filter works on a n x n subregion of the image. At each position the center voxel is replaced by the median value

FixedBinSizeEqual
type: Class
subclass of: DiscretizationParameters

FixedBinCountEqual
type: Class
subclass of: DiscretizationParameters

NGTDMSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

Flatness
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The flatness is the ratio of the major and the least axis lengths. The flatness is expressed as an inverse ratio: 1 completely not flat; smaller values express objects which are increasingly flatter

MoranIndex
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Moran’s I index is an indicator of spatial autocorrelation. See also https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/37.1-2.17

MedianAbsoluteDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: Median absolute deviation is similar in concept to mean absolute deviation, but measures dispersion from the median instead of mean

Energy
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
is defined by: The energy is the square sum of all the gray levels associated to an image

NGLDM_HighDependenceLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises neighbouring grey level dependence counts in the lower left quadrant of the NGLDM, where high dependence counts and low grey levels are located

GLCM_InverseDifferenceNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Normalized inverse difference as suggested in https://doi.org/10.5589/m02-004

GLCM_Correlation
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The correlation feature shows the linear dependence of gray level values in the cooccurence matrix

Gaussian
type: Class
subclass of: MathematicalFunction
definition: Defined as exp(-x^2)

Sine
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Sine Trigonometric Function

GearyMeasure
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Geary’s C measures spatial autocorrelation. See also https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2986645

NGTDM_Busyness
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyToneDifferenceMatrix
definition: Textures with large changes in grey levels between neighbouring voxels are called busy

LLL
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

GLCM_DifferenceEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The entropy for the diagonal probabilities

CubicConvolution
type: Class
subclass of: InterpolationParameters
definition: Cubic convolution uses the same procedures as cubic spline (refers CubicSpline), but approximates the solution using a convolution filter.

SavitzkyGolayFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: This filter is also called also called digital smoothing polynomial filters or least-squares smoothing filter. It is used to "smooth out" a noisy signal whose frequency span (without noise) is large. This filter minimizes the least-squares error in fitting a polynomial to frames of noisy data

GradientEdgeBased
type: Class
subclass of: EdgeBased
definition: This method makes use of the gradient operator (first order derivatives) to detect edges

HoughTransformBased
type: Class
subclass of: EdgeBased
definition: The purpose of the technique is to find imperfect instances of objects within a certain class of shapes by a voting procedure. This voting procedure is carried out in a parameter space, from which object candidates are obtained as local maxima in a so-called accumulator space that is explicitly constructed by the algorithm for computing the Hough transform

LaplacianEdgeBased
type: Class
subclass of: EdgeBased
definition: This method makes use of the laplacian operator (second order derivatives) to detect edges

MarrHildrethEdgeBased
type: Class
subclass of: EdgeBased
definition: The Marr–Hildreth edge detection method operates by convolving the image with the Laplacian of the Gaussian function, or, as a fast approximation by Difference of Gaussians. Then, zero crossings are detected in the filtered result to obtain the edges

ModelBased
type: Class
subclass of: SemiAutomated
definition: This class includes all the methods for segmentation which are based on the fact the structure of organs has a repetitive form of geometry and can be modeled probabilistically for variation of shape and geometry

ActiveShape
type: Class
subclass of: ModelBased
definition: The ASM model finds the main variations in the training data using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which enables the model to automatically recognize if a contour is a possible/good object contour

AppereanceModel
type: Class
subclass of: ModelBased
definition: An active appearance model (AAM) is a computer vision algorithm for matching a statistical model of appearance - a combination of shape and texture - to a new image

AtlasModel
type: Class
subclass of: ModelBased
definition: The segmentation is performed trying to extract prior knowledge from a reference image often called atlas

DeformableModel
type: Class
subclass of: ModelBased
definition: The implicit deformable models, also called implicit active contours or level sets, are designed to handle topological changes naturally

RegionBased
type: Class
subclass of: SemiAutomated
definition: This class includes all the the methods for segmentation which are based on working on pixels / regions with similar intensities in order to try to group similar regions. Starting point of most of algorithms is the manual selection of seed points

RegionGrowing
type: Class
subclass of: RegionBased
definition: The region growing looks for group of pixels with similar intensities. It starts with a group of pixels (seeds) belonging to the structure of interest. Neighboring pixels are examined one at a time and added to the growing region, if they are sufficiently similar. The procedure continues until no more pixels can be added

RegionSplitting
type: Class
subclass of: RegionBased
definition: It is just opposite to region merging and whole image is continuously split until no further splitting of a region is possible

SplitAndMerge
type: Class
subclass of: RegionBased
definition: This is the combination of splits and merges utilizing the advantage of the two methods. This method is based on quad quadrant tree representation of data whereby image segment is split into four quadrants provided the original segment is non-uniform in properties. After this the four neighboring squares are merged depending on the uniformity of the region (segments). This split and merge process is continued until no further split and merge is possible

WatershedAlgorithm
type: Class
subclass of: RegionBased
definition: Watershed algoritm it Is a region-based tecnique that utilizes image morphology. It requires the selection of at least one marker (seed point). Once the objects are marked they can be grown using the watershed transformation. It is analogous to the notion of a catchment basin of a heightmap. In short, a drop of water following the gradient of an image flows along a path to finally reach a local minimum

GlobalThresholding
type: Class
subclass of: ThresholdingBased
definition: It is based on the assumption that the image has a bimodal histogram and, therefore, the object can be extracted from the background by a simple operation that compares image values with a threshold value T. The result of the process is a binary image

LocalAdaptiveThresholding
type: Class
subclass of: ThresholdingBased
definition: Local thresholding can be applied by: splitting an image into subimages and calculating thresholds for each subimage; examining the image intensities in the neighborhood of each pixel

TimeStamp
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity

SemiAutomated
type: Class
subclass of: SegmentationMethods
definition: Segmentation of a ROI which includes a mimimum interaction by the user. E.g delination of contours or selection of starting seed points or the value of a threshold

EdgeBased
type: Class
subclass of: SemiAutomated
definition: This class includes all the methods for segmentation which are based on marking of discontinuities in gray level, color etc., and often these edges represent boundaries between objects. The methods divide an image on the basis of its boundaries

RayCasting
type: Class
subclass of: Manual

Manual
type: Class
subclass of: SegmentationMethods
definition: Manual Segmentation of a ROI, usually performed delineating the contour of the region in each slice

InPolygon
type: Class
subclass of: Manual

PartialVolumeEffectCorrection
type: Class
subclass of: PostAcquisitionProcessing

KMean
type: Class
subclass of: UnsupervisedMethods
definition: k-means clustering aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean, serving as a prototype of the cluster

CMeansFuzzy
type: Class
subclass of: UnsupervisedMethods
definition: This algorithm works by assigning membership to each data point corresponding to each cluster center on the basis of distance between the cluster center and the data point. More the data is near to the cluster center more is its of distance between the cluster center and the data point

UnsupervisedMethods
type: Class
subclass of: Automated
definition: In the unsupervised category we can put all the methods which does not require having labelled data because they are cluster based

SupportVectorMachine
type: Class
subclass of: SupervisedMethods
definition: A Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a discriminative classifier formally defined by a separating hyperplane. In the segmentation case the hyperplane is used to separate between foreground and background pixels

NeuralNetwork
type: Class
subclass of: SupervisedMethods
definition: The most famous class of ANN. The network needs to be trained on training data before being used. A list of features use by the net has to be defined

DeepLearning
type: Class
subclass of: SupervisedMethods

SupervisedMethods
type: Class
subclass of: Automated
definition: In the supervised category, we can place mostly Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms. Every supervised methods needs a definition of a training set, but also as input a feature vector

NGLDM_HighGreyLevelCountEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: The feature emphasises high grey levels

Norm
type: Class
subclass of: Distance

ImageSpace
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: The image space contains information about an image

SUV
type: Class
subclass of: Unit

GLCM_SumVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The variance for the cross-diagonal probabilities

ROIMask
type: Class
subclass of: ImageSpace
definition: Binary mask as result of a segmentation process

NGLDM_DependenceCountNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This is a normalised version of the dependence count non-uniformity feature

GaborFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: This filter applies a Gabor filter with a specified wavelength (in pixels) and orientation (in degrees)

GLRLM_GreyLevelNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
label: This is the normalised version of the grey level non-uniformity feature

FeatureSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureParameterSpace
definition: Container for parameters and computation methods used to derive features

IntensityHistogramPercentile90
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: 90 percentile of the histogram

Institution
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalObject
definition: An organization founded for a religious, educational, professional, or social purpose

ManufacturedObject
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalObject
definition: A physical object made by human beings

Phantom
type: Class
subclass of: ManufacturedObject

ManufacturedObjectProperties
type: Class
subclass of: PhysicalObject
definition: Properties and characteristics related to any manufactered object

SoftwareProperties
type: Class
subclass of: ManufacturedObjectProperties
definition: All the properties used to define a SW

License
type: Class
subclass of: SoftwareProperties
definition: A software license is a legal instrument (usually by way of contract law, with or without printed material) governing the use or redistribution of software

OpenSource
type: Class
subclass of: License
definition: Open source licenses are licenses that comply with the Open Source Definition — in brief, they allow software to be freely used, modified, and shared

Proprietary
type: Class
subclass of: License
definition: Proprietary software is computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights—usually copyright of the source code, but sometimes patent rights

Version
type: Class
subclass of: SoftwareProperties

GLSZM_ZonePercentage
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the fraction of the number of realised zones and the maximum num- ber of potential zones. Strongly linear or highly uniform ROI volumes produce a low zone percentage

Percentage
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept

GLCM_SumEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The entropy for the cross-diagonal probabilities

IntensityVolumeHistogram
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: The intensity-volume histogram (IVH) of the voxel grey level of the ROI intensity mask describes the relationship between discretised grey level i and the fraction of the volume containing at least grey level $i$, $\nu$. See definition in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.011

Frequency
type: Class
subclass of: FilterProperties
definition: Frequency used in a imaging filter

MinorAxisLength
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The minor axis length of the ROI provides a measure of how fare the volume extends along the second largest axis. The minor axis length is twice the semi-axis length, determined using the second largest eigenvalue obtained by PCA on the point of the voxel centers

VolumeDensityAABB
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Volume density is the fraction of the ROI volume and a comparison volume. This feature is also called extent See https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2008.08.011

PostAcquisitionProcessing
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity

Sum
type: Class
subclass of: MathOperations
definition: This filter performs the sum, pixel by pixel, of two different images

ImageNonUniformityCorrection
type: Class
subclass of: PostAcquisitionProcessing

Logaritmic
type: Class
subclass of: Scale

ChebyshevNorm
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, is a metric defined on a vector space where the distance between two vectors is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension.

LocalAreaHistoEqualization
type: Class
subclass of: PixelOperations
definition: This filter applies the same concept of the Histo Equalization filter, but to small, overlapping local areas of the image

Elongation
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Elongation is the ratio between the major and minor axis lengths. Elongation is espressed as inversed ratio: 1 means completely not elongated (e.g. a sphere). Smaller values express greater elongation of the ROI volume

FixedBinSize
type: Class
subclass of: DiscretizationParameters
definition: A new bin is assigned every certain grey levels. The fixed bin size method has the advantage of maintaining a direct relationship with the original intensity scale, which could be useful for functional imaging modalities such as PET.

Mean
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The mean grey level from grey level distribution

Opening
type: Class
subclass of: TopologicalOperations
definition: This filter performs morphological opening. The morphological opening is composed by an erosion followed by an erosion, using the same structuring element for both operations

SquareSUV
type: Class
subclass of: Unit

NGTDM_Coarseness
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyToneDifferenceMatrix
definition: Grey level differences in coarse textures are generally small due to large-scale patterns. Summing differences gives an indication of the level of the spatial rate of change in intensity

Sphericity
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Sphericity is a further measure to describe how sphere-like the volume is

Percentile10
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The statistical 10th percentile of the grey level distribution

GLDZM_GreyLevelVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in zone counts for the grey levels

ReSegmentationParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureParameterSpace
definition: Re-segmentation entails updating the ROI mask R based on certain corresponding voxel intensities. Re-segmentation may be performed to exclude voxels from a previously segmented ROI, and is performed after interpolation.

Biorthogonal3.5
type: Class
subclass of: BasisFunction

GLCM_Autocorrelation
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The autocorrelation compares all possible pixel pairs and reporting the likelihood that both will be bright as a function of the distance and direction of separation

VolumeDensityCH
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The volume density convex hull is defined as the ration between the volume and the volume of the ROI mesh convex hull set. This feature is also called solidity. See also https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.patcog.2008.08.011

AreaDensityAABB
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Area Density considers the ratio of the ROI surface area and the surface area of the axis-aligned bounding box enclosing the ROI mesh vertex set. See also https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2016.07.007

GLRLM_GreyLevelNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the distribution of runs over the grey values (Galloway, 1975). The feature value is low when runs are equally distributed along grey levels

GLCM_FirstMeasureOfInformationCorrelation
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The IMC1 is related to the entropy of the images and gives information on how a pixel value is correlated to its neighbourod

AreaDensityAEE
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The area density approximate enclosing elipsoide is defined as the ratio between the area and the surface of the elipsoide having as axes the 3 eigenvectors from PCA. The surface of the elipsoide is approximated using infinite series

NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Textural
definition: The neighbouring grey level dependence matrix (NGLDM) captures the coarseness of the overall texture and is rotationally invariant. Defined in https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-189X(83)90032-4

IntensityHistogramMinimumGradientIntensity
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Minimum intensity along the gradient

Volume
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The volume V is calculated from the ROI mesh as indicated in https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2001.958278

GLDZM_SmallDistanceLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the upper left quadrant of the GLDZM, where small zone distances and low grey levels are located

HLL
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

GLDZM_LowGreyLevelZoneEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: Instead of small zone distances, low grey levels are emphasised

LanczosInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: This filter uses a convolution kernel to interpolate the pixels of the input image. The kernel is based on the sampling function (sinc)

HHL
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

InterquartileRange
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The interquartile range (IQR) is defined as P75 - P25, where P75 is the 75th percentile of the image matrix, and P25 is the 25th

Compactness1
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The Compactness defines the deviation of the ROI volume from a perfect sphere. Compactness 1 is a measure of how compact, or sphere-like or sphere like the volume is

IntensityHistogramQuartileCoefficientOfDispersion
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The ratio of the difference between the 75 and 25 percentile and their sum

PixelOperations
type: Class
subclass of: ImageOperations
definition: This class includes all the filters which apply basic operations on one / multiple pixels of an image

NGLDM_LowDependenceEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises low neighbouring grey level dependence counts

V10minusV90
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeAtIntensityFractionDifference
definition: Difference between the volume at intensity fraction 10 and volume at intensity fraction 90

Lloyd-Max
type: Class
subclass of: DiscretizationParameters
definition: The Lloyd-Max algorithm is an iterative clustering method that seeks to minimise mean squared discretisation errors (Max, 1960; Lloyd, 1982).

2DMerging
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Merged directions per slice and then averaged

ZeroOrder
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: Features which are directly derived from imaging properties like for example the SUV (Standard Uptake Volume) for PET

SUVMean
type: Class
subclass of: ZeroOrder

SUVMax
type: Class
subclass of: ZeroOrder

VolumeDensityMVEE
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The volume density minimum volume enclosing ellipsoid is the ratio between the volume and the minimum volume enclosing ellipsoid, calculated as in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2007.02.013

GLRLM_RunLengthVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in runs for run lengths

MajorAxisLength
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The major axis length is defined as twice the semi-axis length, dtermined using the largest eigenvalue obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) on the point set of voxel centers

GLCM_DifferentAverage
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix

NGLDM_LowGreyLevelCountEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: Instead of low neighbouring grey level dependence counts, low grey levels are emphasised

IntensityHistogramEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: It is the Shannon entropy of the histogram

GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Textural
definition: The Grey level run length matrix (GLRLM) like the grey level co-occurrence matrix, GLRLM also assesses the distribution of discretised grey levels in an image or in a stack of images. However, instead of assessing the combination of levels between neighbouring pixels or voxels, GLRLM assesses grey level run lengths. Run length counts the frequency of consecutive voxels with discretised grey level i along direction delta

GLCM_JointEntropy
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: As defined in http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1973.4309314

AffineTransformations
type: Class
subclass of: ImageOperations
definition: This class includes all the filters which apply affine transformations (e.g. rotations) which can be applied to an image

HLH
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

Statistical
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: The statistical features describe how grey levels within the region of interest (ROI) are distributed

ButterworthFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: This filter applies a Butterworth digital algorithm to an image. It can be both a low-pass or high-pass filter. The cut-off frequency needs to be specified

Inverse
type: Class
subclass of: MathematicalFunction
definition: Defined as 1/x

GLCM_JointVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Also called sum of squares as in http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.1973.4309314

IntensityHistogramTotalEnergy
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Total Energy is the value of Energy feature scaled by the volume of the voxel in cubic mm

ReSegmentationRange
type: Class
subclass of: ReSegmentationParameters
definition: Re-segmentation may be performed to remove voxels from the intensity mask that fall outside of a specified range. An example is the exclusion of voxels with Hounsfield Units indicating air and bone tissue in the tumour ROI within CT images, or low activity areas in PET images. This class requires to be specified the min and the max of the range with corresponding units

I10
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityAtVolumeFraction
definition: The minimum intensity presents in at most 10% of the volume

NoDistanceWeighting
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: No weigths are applied to the computed distances

GLDZM_ZoneDistanceNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This features assesses the distribution of zone counts over the different zone distances. The feature value is low when zone counts are equally distributed along zone distances

MinimumBound
type: Class
subclass of: IntVolHistSpecificParameters

GLRLM_LowGreyLevelRunEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: The LGLRE measures the distribution of low gray level values. The LGRE is high for the image with low gray level values

TopologicalOperations
type: Class
subclass of: ImageOperations
definition: This class includes all the filters which are used to resize an image. They can be used both to increase or reduce the dimensions

GLSZM_ZoneSizeNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This is a normalised version of the zone size non-uniformity feature

GLDZM_GreyLevelNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the distribution of zone counts over the grey values. The feature value is low when zone counts are equally distributed along grey levels

GLDZM_ZonePercentage
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the fraction of the number of realised zones and the maximum num- ber of potential zones. Strongly linear or highly uniform ROI volumes produce a low zone percentage.

LocalIntensityPeak
type: Class
subclass of: LocalIntensity
definition: Local Intensity peak is defined as the mean grey level in a 1 cm3 spherical volume, centered on the voxel with the maximum grey level in the ROI intensity mask. See also https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.108.057307

GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Textural
definition: The grey level distance zone matrix (GLDZM) counts the number of groups of connected voxels with a specific discretised grey level value and distance to ROI edge (Thibault et al., 2014). The matrix captures the relation between location and grey level.

IntensityHistogramMinimumGradient
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The minimum gradient of the grey level histogram

InterpolationParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureParameterSpace
definition: Interpolation algoriths determine the grey level values in the interpolation grid after interpolation of the original grid. Interpolation is commonly used for texture features, to isotropic voxel sizes to be rotationally invariant

DependenceCoarseness
type: Class
subclass of: NGLDMSpecificParameters

GLRLM_LongRunEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: The LRE measures the distribution of long runs

GLRLM_RunLengthNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This features assesses the distribution of runs over the run lengths (Galloway, 1975). The feature value is low when runs are equally distributed along run lengths.

I90
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityAtVolumeFraction
definition: The minimum intensity presents in at most 90% of the volume

TopHatFilter
type: Class
subclass of: TopologicalOperations
definition: This filter performs morphological top-hat filtering. It computes the morphological opening and then substracts the results from the original image

GLCM_InverseDifferenceMoment
type: Class
equivalent class: GLCM_Homogeneity2
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Same as the inverse difference feature, but with lower weigths for elements that are further from the diagonal

Chebyschev
type: Class
subclass of: Distance

IntensityHistogramMedian
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Median value of the histogram

Dilation
type: Class
subclass of: TopologicalOperations
definition: The filter is used to connect features into an image. The dilation operator takes two pieces of data as input: the image to be dilated; a set of coordinate points known as structuring element

IntensityHistogramInterquartileRange
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Difference between the 75 and 25 interquartiles of the histogram

IntensityHistogramRobustMeanAbsoluteDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The intensity histogram robust mean absolute deviation is the mean restricted to grey values closer to the center of the distribution

HermiteInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: This filter uses an interpolant based not only on equation for the function values, but also for the derivatives

BasisFunction
type: Class
subclass of: FilterProperties
definition: Function use to decompose an image

Linear
type: Class
subclass of: InterpolationParameters
definition: Linear interpolation makes use of first order polynomial

IntensityHistogramMean
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The mean gray level

MaximumBound
type: Class
subclass of: IntVolHistSpecificParameters

VoxelDimensionZ
type: Class
subclass of: VoxelDimension

GLSZM_LowGreyLevelZoneEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: Measures the distribution of lower gray-level size zones, with a higher value indicating a greater proportion of lower gray-level values and size zones in the image

NearestNeighbourInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: This filter is a method for multivariate interpolation in one or more dimensions. The algorithm selects the value of the nearest point and does not consider the values of neighbouring points, yileding a piece-wise constant interpolant

Median
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The median intensity value

GLSZM_GreyLevelNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This is a normalised version of the grey level non-uniformity feature

ApproximateVolume
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: In clinical practice, volumes are commonly determined by counting voxels. For volumes consisting of a large number of voxels (1000s), the differences between approximate volume and mesh-based volume are usually negligible. However for volumes with a low number of voxels (10s to 100s), approximate volume will overestimate volume compared to mesh-based volume. It is therefore only used as a reference feature, and not in the calculation of other morphological features.

GLSZM_LargeZoneLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the upper right quadrant of the GLSZM, where large zone sizes and low grey levels are located

MithcellInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: This filter uses a kernel to interpolate the pixels of the input image. The kernel is defined as: 1/6 [ ((12-9B-6C)|x|3 + ((-18+12B+6C)|x|2 + (6-2B)) ]; if |x| < 1; 1/6 [ ((-B-6C)|x|3 + (6B+30C)|x|2 + (-12B-48C)|x|2 + (8B+24C) ]; if 1 ≤ |x| < 2; 0 otherwise

TanH
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Hyperbolic Tangent

BiLinearInterpolation
type: Class
subclass of: Scaling
definition: This filter uses the same concepts of Nearest Neighbour scaling excepts with interpolation. Instead of copying the neighbouring pixels (which often results in jaggy image), interpolation technique based on surrounding pixels is used to produce much smoother scaling

VoxelDimensionY
type: Class
subclass of: VoxelDimension

HounsfieldUnit
type: Class
subclass of: Unit
definition: The Hounsfield unit (HU) scale is a linear transformation of the original linear attenuation coefficient measurement into one in which the radiodensity of distilled water at standard pressure and temperature (STP) is defined as zero Hounsfield units (HU), while the radiodensity of air at STP is defined as -1000 HU

MathOperations
type: Class
subclass of: ImageOperations
definition: This class includes all the filters which apply math operations between two / more different images

NGLDM_DependenceCountNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This features assesses the distribution of neighbouring grey level dependence counts over the different dependence counts. The feature value is low when dependence counts are equally distributed

GLCM_SumAverage
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The average for the cross-diagonal probabilities

VolumeDensityOMBB
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The volume density oriented mimum bounding box is the ratio between the volume and the volume of the oriented mimum bounding box. . The oriented minimum bounding box of the ROI mesh vertex set encloses the vertex set and has the smallest possible volume

Textural
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: The textural features describe patterns or the spatial distribution of voxel intensities

HistoEqualization
type: Class
subclass of: PixelOperations
definition: This filter applies histogram equalization of an image. The normalized histo of the image is interpreted as the probability density function of the intensity of the image. The filter maps the histo of the input image to a new maximally-flat histo

IntensityHistogram
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: These features are based on the intensity histogram, whch is generated by discretising the original set of grey levels into grey level bins

2.5DMerging
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: merged over all slices

GlobalIntensityPeak
type: Class
subclass of: LocalIntensity
definition: The global intensity peak is the highest peak value from the mean intensity calculated with a neighbourhood for every voxel in the ROI intensity mask

GLDZM_SmallDistanceEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises small distances

GLRLMSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

V90
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeAtIntensityFraction
definition: The maximum percentage volume with at least (90% of the max intensity)

ThresholdingBased
type: Class
subclass of: SemiAutomated
definition: This class includes all the the method for segmentation which are based to appying a certain threshold to the pixel of an image. Threshold can be determined manually or looking at the gray level histo distribution

VersionStatus
type: Class
subclass of: SoftwareProperties

PTVn(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: NodalVolume(ROI)

CosH
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Hyperbolic Cosine

Minimum
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The minimum intensity value

Fraction
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept
definition: Part of a quantitative concept

NGLDM_GreyLevelVariance
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in dependence counts for the grey levels.

IntensityHistogramMinimum
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Minimum gray level bin

GLCM_InverseDifferenceMomentNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Normalized version of the inverse difference moment, as suggested by https://doi.org/10.5589/m02-004

VolumetricSUV
type: Class
subclass of: Unit

ArcTan
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Inverse Tangent

NGTDM_Strength
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyToneDifferenceMatrix
definition: Feature defined in http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0093600

AggregationParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureParameterSpace
definition: Specifies how texture matrix are computed and aggregated

IntensityHistogramMaximumGradient
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Same feature as defined in https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2016.07.007

GTVn(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: NodalVolume(ROI)

CTVn(ROI)
type: Class
subclass of: NodalVolume(ROI)

Equalisation
type: Class
subclass of: DiscretizationParameters

Coif1
type: Class
subclass of: BasisFunction

CubicSpline
type: Class
subclass of: InterpolationParameters
definition: Cubic spline interpolation draw upon a larger neighbourhood to evaluate a smooth, continuous third-order polynomial at the points of the output grid.

Symmetrical
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: Symmetrical texture matrixes

IntensityRange
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The range of grey levels is the difference between the maximum and the minimum

SurfaceToVolumeRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The surface to volume ratio is the ratio between the Surface and the Volume

MathematicalFunction
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: In mathematics, a function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output.

GLRLM_ShortRunEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: The SRE measures the distribution of short runs. The SRE is highly dependent on the occurrence of short runs and it gives high value for fine texture the value of SRE is high

Asphericity
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Asphericity describes how much the ROI deviates from a perfect sphere

GLCM_Homogeneity1
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: Deprecated: Same as Inverse Difference

GLCM_Homogeneity2
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: This feature is depracated. Same as Inverse Difference Moment

Tangent
type: Class
subclass of: Angular
definition: Tangent trigonometric Function. Ratio between sine and cosine

Direction
type: Class
subclass of: Orientation
definition: Specify direction for example for a filter

2D
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Averaged over slices

GLRLM_LongRunHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the lower right quadrant of the GLRLM, where long run lengths and high grey levels are located

IntensityHistogramMaximum
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Highest discretized grey level in the histogram distribution

GLSZM_ZoneSizeVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in zone counts for the different zone sizes

FunctionDistanceWeighting
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: Weigthening the distance by using a certain function (e.g. exponential)

RietsFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace

Max
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept

WaveletFilter
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: This filter decomposes an image in wavelets. A wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet

MeanAbsoluteDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The mean of the absolute deviations of all voxel intensities around the mean intensitity value

GLSZM_ZoneSizeNonUniformity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This features assesses the distribution of zone counts over the different zone sizes. The feature value is low when zone counts are equally distributed along zone sizes

IntensityHistogramMedianAbsoluteDeviation
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Histogram median absolute deviation is conceptually similar to histogram mean absolute deviation, but measures dispersion from the median instead of mean

Maximum2DDiameterSlice
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Maximum 2D diameter (Slice) is defined as the largest pairwise Euclidean distance between tumor surface voxels in the row-column (generally the axial) plane.

GLCMSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

Euclidean
type: Class
subclass of: Distance

Erosion
type: Class
subclass of: TopologicalOperations
definition: This filter is used to disconnect features and remove small ones. The erosion operator takes two pieces of data as inputs: the image to be eroded; a set of coordinate points known as structure element

GLSZM_LargeZoneEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises large zones

Maximum2DDiameterColumn
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Maximum 2D diameter (Column) is defined as the largest pairwise Euclidean distance between tumor surface voxels in the row-slice (usually the coronal) plane.

Min
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept

GLSZM_HighGreyLevelZoneEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: Measures the distribution of the higher gray-level values, with a higher value indicating a greater proportion of higher gray-level values and size zones in the image

SquareCubicRatio
type: Class
subclass of: Unit

GLSZM_SmallZoneEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises small zones

GLSZM_SmallZoneLowGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
definition: This feature emphasises runs in the upper left quadrant of the GLSZM, where small zone sizes and low grey levels are located

NGLDM_GreyLevelNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This is the normalised version of the grey level non-uniformity feature

NoiseReduction
type: Class
subclass of: PostAcquisitionProcessing

IntensityHistogramRange
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: Difference between maximum and minimum of the histogram

RootMeanSquare
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the values

VolumeDensityAEE
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The volume density approximate enclosing elipsoide is defined as the ratio between the volume and the volume of the elipsoide having as principal axes the eigenvenctors from the principal component analysis of the ROI

LLH
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

Subtraction
type: Class
subclass of: MathOperations
definition: This filter is mainly used with images presenting similarities between them. The goal is to enhance the differences between two images. Subtraction is obtained setting as new pixel value the difference between the corresponding pixels of the two images

Decimal
type: Class
subclass of: Logaritmic

GLDZMSpecificParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters

NGLDM_DependenceCountPercentage
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the fraction of the number of realised neighbourhoods and the max- imum number of potential neighbourhoods. The feature may be omitted as it evaluates to 1 when complete neighbourhoods are not required, which is the case under our definition

Rotation
type: Class
subclass of: AffineTransformations
definition: This filter rotates an image according to a defined rotation matrix

GLCM_JointAverage
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The grey level weigthed sum of joint probabilities

2.5D
type: Class
subclass of: AggregationParameters
definition: Merged over all slices

CubicMillimeter
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeUnit
definition: A volume unit which is equal to 10^[-9] m^[3]

NGTDM_Contrast
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyToneDifferenceMatrix
definition: Contrast depends on the dynamic range of the grey levels as well as the spatial frequency of intensity changes

OutlierRemoval
type: Class
subclass of: ReSegmentationParameters
definition: ROI voxels with outlier intensities may be removed from the intensity mask. One method for defining outliers was suggested by Vallie`res et al. (2015) after Collewet et al. (2004).

GLDZM_GreyLevelNonUniformityNormalised
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This is the normalised version of the grey level non-uniformity feature

LeastAxisLength
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The least axis is the the axis along which the object is least extended. The least axis is twice the semi-axis length, determined using the smallest eigenvalue obtained by PCA on the point set of voxel centers

GLCM_ClusterShade
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The cluster shade is a measure of the skewness of the matrix and it is believed to gauge the perceptual concepts of uniformity. When the cluster age is high the image is asymmetric

Eulearian
type: Class
subclass of: Logaritmic

AreaDensityCH
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: The area density convex hull is defined as the ratio between the area and the surface of the convex hull obtained by summing the sum of the area of the faces in the convex hull

CoefficientOfVariation
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: Coefficient of variation is the ratio between the standard deviation and the mean value

GLDZM_ZoneDistanceVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelDistanceZoneMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in zone counts for the different zone distances

RadiomicsFeature
type: Class
subclass of: ConceptualEntity
definition: Radiomics features are particular features which can be extracted from objects within an image (e.g. from a region of interest) and that can potentially present a prognostic value (e.g related to the survival probability of a patient).

LHL
type: Class
subclass of: WaveletDirection

GLRLM_GreyLevelVariance
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This feature estimates the variance in runs for the grey levels

Percentile90
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The statistical 90th percentile of the grey level distribution

IntensityHistogramMaximumGradientIntensity
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The discretized level corresponding to the maximum histogram gradient

DiscretizationParameters
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureParameterSpace
definition: Grey level discretisation or quantisation of the ROI is often required to make calculation of texture features tractable (Yip and Aerts, 2016)

GLCM_Dissimilarity
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: The dissimilarity feature describes the variation of grey levels pair in an image. Dissimilarity always ranges from 0 and 1. It has maximum values when the grey level of the reference and the neighbor pixel is at the extremes of the possibile grey levels in the the texture sample

V10
type: Class
subclass of: VolumeAtIntensityFraction
definition: The maximum percentage volume with at least (10% of the max intensity)

GLCM_AngularSecondMoment
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelCoOccurenceMatrix
definition: It represents the energy of the probability matrix. Please note that this feature is also called Energy or Uniformity.

Maximum
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The maximum intensity value

IntensityHistogramSkewness
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityHistogram
definition: The skewness measures the degree of histogram of gray levels asymmetry around the central value

AreaUnderIVHCurve
type: Class
subclass of: IntensityVolumeHistogram
definition: Feature as defined in https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-011-1845-6

Asymmetrical
type: Class
subclass of: FeatureSpecificParameters
definition: Asymmetrical texture matrixes

NGLDM_HighDependenceHighGreyLevelEmphasis
type: Class
subclass of: NeighbourhoodGreyLevelDependenceMatrix
definition: The high dependence high grey level emphasis feature emphasises neighbouring grey level dependence counts in the lower right quadrant of the NGLDM, where high dependence counts and high grey levels are located

QuartileCoefficientOfDispersion
type: Class
subclass of: Statistical
definition: The quartile coefficient of dispersion is defined as the ratio between the difference of the 75 and 25 percentile divided by the sume of 75 and 25 percentile

GreyLevelSizeZoneMatrix
type: Class
subclass of: Textural
definition: The grey level size zone matrix (GLSZM) counts the number of groups of connected voxels with a specific discretised grey level value and size as in https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2013.2284600. Voxels are con- nected if the neighbouring voxel has the same discretised grey level value

Maximum2DDiameterRow
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Maximum 2D diameter (Row) is defined as the largest pairwise Euclidean distance between tumor surface voxels in the column-slice (usually the sagittal) plane.

LocalIntensity
type: Class
subclass of: RadiomicsFeature
definition: Local intensity features consider voxel intensities within a defined neighbourhood around a center voxel

IntensityFraction
type: Class
subclass of: Fraction
definition: The intensity fraction "I" for grey level "i" in the range G is: I = (i-min(G)) / (max(G) - min(G))

AbsoluteFiltering
type: Class
subclass of: ImageFilterSpace
definition: This filter substitutes each original pixel value with its absolute value

ROImask_PartialVolumeCutOff
type: Class
subclass of: QuantitativeConcept

GLRLM_RunPercentage
type: Class
subclass of: GreyLevelRunLengthMatrix
definition: This feature assesses the fraction of the number of realised runs and the maximum number of potential runs (Galloway, 1975). Strongly linear or highly uniform ROI volumes produce a low run percentage

VolumeFraction
type: Class
subclass of: Fraction
definition: Percentage of total volume of ROI

IntegratedIntensity
type: Class
subclass of: Morphological
definition: Integrated intensity is the average grey level multiplied by the volume. In the context of 18F-FDG-PET, this feature is called total legion glycolysis. See also https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radonc.2011.10.014

CubicMeter
type: NamedIndividual

CubicMilliMeter
type: NamedIndividual
type: CubicMillimeter

HU
type: NamedIndividual
type: HounsfieldUnit

Live
type: NamedIndividual

Mantained
type: NamedIndividual
type: DevelopmentStatus

Matlab
type: NamedIndividual
type: ProgrammingLanguage

Meter
type: NamedIndividual

MilliMeter
type: NamedIndividual
type: Millimeter

OpenSource
type: NamedIndividual

Proprietary
type: NamedIndividual

Python
type: NamedIndividual
type: ProgrammingLanguage

SquareCentimeter
type: NamedIndividual

SquareMeter
type: NamedIndividual

SquareMilliMeter
type: NamedIndividual
type: SquareMillimeter

Alpha
type: NamedIndividual

Beta
type: NamedIndividual

C
type: NamedIndividual
type: ProgrammingLanguage

C++
type: NamedIndividual
type: ProgrammingLanguage

CentiMeter
type: NamedIndividual
type: Centimeter

CubicCentiMeter
type: NamedIndividual
type: CubicCentimeter

CubicMillimeterHU
type: NamedIndividual

VolumetricSUV
type: NamedIndividual

SquareCubicRatio
type: NamedIndividual

SquareHU
type: NamedIndividual

SUV
type: NamedIndividual

VolumetricHU
type: NamedIndividual

SquareSUV
type: NamedIndividual