Oxidoreductases
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Enzyme
narrower transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH
narrower transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.9.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.10.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.11.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.12.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.13.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.15.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.16.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.18.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.19.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.20.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.22.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.23.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.97.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.98.-.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.99.-.-

Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a copper protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other, known, acceptors
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: homoserine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glycerol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: D-xylulose reductase
narrower transitive: L-xylulose reductase
narrower transitive: D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: galactitol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: inositol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glucuronate reductase
narrower transitive: glucuronolactone reductase
narrower transitive: aldose reductase
narrower transitive: UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: histidinol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: glyoxylate reductase
narrower transitive: L-lactate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: D-lactate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glycerate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: mevaldate reductase
narrower transitive: mevaldate reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: malate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
narrower transitive: malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
narrower transitive: malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)-dependent, decarboxylating)
narrower transitive: L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: D-galactose 1-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (Si-specific)
narrower transitive: 3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: 3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: ribitol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: fructuronate reductase
narrower transitive: tagaturonate reductase
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: pyridoxine 4-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: mannitol 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: gluconate 5-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: octanol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: lactaldehyde reductase
narrower transitive: methylglyoxal reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: glyoxylate reductase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: hydroxypyruvate reductase

alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aldehyde reductase
activity: a primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
activity: a secondary alcohol + NAD(+) = a ketone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: ethanol + NAD(+) = acetaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on primary or secondary alcohols or hemi-acetals with very broad specificity; however the enzyme oxidizes methanol much more poorly than ethanol.
comment: The animal, but not the yeast, enzyme acts also on cyclic secondary alcohols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/320001
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a secondary alcohol + NAD(+) = a ketone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ethanol + NAD(+) = acetaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aldehyde reductase (NADPH)
activity: a primary alcohol + NADP(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: a secondary alcohol + NADP(+) = a ketone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Some members of this group oxidize only primary alcohols; others act also on secondary alcohols.
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.19, EC 1.1.1.33 and EC 1.1.1.55.
comment: Re-specific with respect to NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4393513
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4402936
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a primary alcohol + NADP(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a secondary alcohol + NADP(+) = a ketone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

homoserine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-homoserine + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADH.
activity: L-homoserine + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae acts most rapidly with NAD(+); the Neurospora enzyme with NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli is a multifunctional protein, which also catalyzes the reaction of EC 2.7.2.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4551091
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4562990
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-homoserine + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-homoserine + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R,R)-butanediol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
alternative label: (R)-diacetyl reductase
alternative label: 1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase
alternative label: 1-amino-2-propanol oxidoreductase
alternative label: 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase
alternative label: aminopropanol oxidoreductase
alternative label: butyleneglycol dehydrogenase
alternative label: butylene glycol dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-(-)-butanediol dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-1-amino-2-propanol:NAD(2) oxidoreductase
alternative label: D-1-amino-2-propanol dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-aminopropanol dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-butanediol dehydrogenase
alternative label: diacetyl (acetoin) reductase
activity: (R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD(+) = (R)-acetoin + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also converts diacetyl into acetoin with NADH as reductant.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R,R)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD(+) = (R)-acetoin + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: diacetyl reductase [(R)-acetoin forming]
replaced by: diacetyl reductase [(S)-acetoin forming]
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycerol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD-linked glycerol dehydrogenase
activity: glycerol + NAD(+) = dihydroxyacetone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on 1,2-propanediol.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycerol + NAD(+) = dihydroxyacetone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

propanediol-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H(+) + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + propane-1,2-diol 1-phosphate = H(+) + hydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
alternative label: alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
alternative label: glycerol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
alternative label: glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
alternative label: glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (NAD)
alternative label: hydroglycerophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-dependent glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADH-dihydroxyacetone phosphate reductase
alternative label: NAD-L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on propane-1,2-diol phosphate and glycerone sulfate (but with a much lower affinity).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1499720
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4200180
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4307630
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4340553
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7671141
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylulose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: xylitol dehydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts as an L-erythrulose reductase.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-xylulose reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + xylitol = H(+) + L-xylulose + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2981816
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + xylitol = H(+) + L-xylulose + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-arabinitol + NAD(+) = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinitol + NAD(+) = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arabinitol 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-xylulose + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-xylulose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase (ribulose forming)
activity: L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-ribulose + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-ribulose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glucitol dehydrogenase
alternative label: polyol dehydrogenase
alternative label: sorbitol dehydrogenase
activity: L-iditol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-L-sorbose + NADH.
activity: H(+) + keto-D-fructose + NADH = D-sorbitol + NAD(+).
comment: This enzyme is widely distributed and has been described in archaea, bacteria, yeast, plants and animals.
comment: It acts on a number of sugar alcohols, including (but not limited to) L-iditol, D-glucitol, D-xylitol, and D-galactitol.
comment: Enzymes from different organisms or tissues display different substrate specificity.
comment: The enzyme is specific to NAD(+) and can not use NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/667078
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1460002
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6852349
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6870831
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16660917
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-iditol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-L-sorbose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + keto-D-fructose + NADH = D-sorbitol + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

D-iditol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-iditol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-sorbose + NADH.
activity: NAD(+) + xylitol = H(+) + L-xylulose + NADH.
activity: L-glucitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-L-fructose + NADH.
comment: Also converts xylitol into L-xylulose and L-glucitol into L-fructose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13373783
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-iditol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-sorbose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(+) + xylitol = H(+) + L-xylulose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-glucitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-L-fructose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactitol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: galactitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagatose + NADH.
comment: Also converts other alditols containing an L-threo-configuration adjacent to a primary alcohol group into the corresponding sugars.
comment: The enzyme from Agrobacterium rubrum C58 is part of D-altritol and galactitol degradation pathways.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26472925
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

galactitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagatose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD(+) = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NAD(+) = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

inositol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: myo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase
activity: myo-inositol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + scyllo-inosose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4351258
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5905122
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

myo-inositol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + scyllo-inosose.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucuronate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-glucuronate dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-glucuronate reductase
alternative label: glucuronate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-glucuronate reductase
alternative label: NADP-L-gulonate dehydrogenase
alternative label: TPN-L-gulonate dehydrogenase
activity: L-gulonate + NADP(+) = aldehydo-D-glucuronate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also reduces D-galacturonate.
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.2.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-gulonate + NADP(+) = aldehydo-D-glucuronate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucuronolactone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP(+) = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-gulono-1,4-lactone + NADP(+) = D-glucurono-3,6-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldose reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.139
alternative label: aldehyde reductase
alternative label: polyol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
activity: an alditol + NAD(+) = an aldose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: an alditol + NADP(+) = an aldose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: galactitol + NADP(+) = D-galactose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: galactitol + NAD(+) = D-galactose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinose + NADH.
activity: L-arabinitol + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-arabinose + NADPH.
comment: Wide specificity.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/36151
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4216364
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4381350
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an alditol + NAD(+) = an aldose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

an alditol + NADP(+) = an aldose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactitol + NADP(+) = D-galactose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactitol + NAD(+) = D-galactose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arabinitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arabinitol + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-arabinose + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
comment: Also acts on UDP-2-deoxyglucose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1091296
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13373402
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13398389
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13459898
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucose = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate.
type: Catalytic Activity

histidinol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-histidinol + 2 NAD(+) = 3 H(+) + L-histidine + 2 NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes L-histidinal.
comment: The Neurospora enzyme also catalyzes the reactions of EC 3.5.4.19 and EC 3.6.1.31.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4872176
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4872177
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-histidinol + 2 NAD(+) = 3 H(+) + L-histidine + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: quinate 5-dehydrogenase
alternative label: quinate dehydrogenase
alternative label: quinic dehydrogenase
activity: L-quinate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, found mostly in bacteria (mostly, but not exclusively in Gram-positive bacteria), fungi, and plants, participates in the degradation of quinate and shikimate with a strong preference for NAD(+) as a cofactor.
comment: While the enzyme can act on both quinate and shikimate, activity is higher with the former. cf. EC 1.1.1.25, EC 1.1.1.282, and EC 1.1.5.8.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7049157
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13208693
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18669580
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19376919
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23306642
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25524738
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-quinate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

shikimate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5-dehydroshikimate reductase
alternative label: 5-dehydroshikimic reductase
alternative label: dehydroshikimic reductase
alternative label: DHS reductase
alternative label: shikimate 5-dehydrogenase
alternative label: shikimate dehydrogenase
alternative label: shikimate oxidoreductase
activity: NADP(+) + shikimate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: NAD(+) cannot replace NADP(+).
comment: In higher organisms, this enzyme forms part of a multienzyme complex with EC 4.2.1.10. cf. EC 1.1.1.24, EC 1.1.1.282, and EC 1.1.5.8.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3277621
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3883995
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12837789
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13208693
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13686342
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14367339
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + shikimate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyoxylate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycolate reductase
alternative label: glyoxylic acid reductase
alternative label: NADH-dependent glyoxylate reductase
activity: glycolate + NAD(+) = glyoxylate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Reduces glyoxylate to glycolate or hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycolate + NAD(+) = glyoxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-lactate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-lactic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-lactic dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
comment: Also oxidizes other (S)-2-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids.
comment: NADP(+) acts, more slowly, with the animal, but not the bacterial, enzyme.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/114469
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4146647
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-lactate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-lactic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-lactic dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-glycerate dehydrogenase
alternative label: hydroxypyruvate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13163046
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = acetoacetate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes other 3-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4291491
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4954074
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = acetoacetate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = (S)-methylmalonate semialdehyde + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + NAD(+) = (S)-methylmalonate semialdehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mevaldate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-mevalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13747804
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-mevalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mevaldate reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-mevalonate + NADP(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADPH.
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.2.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-mevalonate + NADP(+) = H(+) + mevaldate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
alternative label: HMG-CoA reductase
activity: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP(+) = (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is inactivated by EC 2.7.11.31 and reactivated by EC 3.1.3.47.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4985697
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13818862
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP(+) = (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase
alternative label: beta-keto-reductase
activity: a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes S-3-hydroxyacyl-N-acylthioethanolamine and S-3-hydroxyacylhydrolipoate.
comment: Some enzymes act, more slowly, with NADP(+).
comment: Broad specificity to acyl chain-length (cf. EC 1.1.1.211).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13115428
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13163047
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13499396
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3S)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acetoacetyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: malic dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-malate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxaloacetate.
comment: Also oxidizes some other 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4313528
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5637713
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-malate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: malic enzyme
alternative label: NAD-malic enzyme
alternative label: pyruvic-malic carboxylase
activity: (S)-malate + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
activity: H(+) + oxaloacetate = CO2 + pyruvate.
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.1.39, this enzyme can also decarboxylate oxaloacetate, cf. EC 1.1.1.40.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/225306
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14917678
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-malate + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + oxaloacetate = CO2 + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Malic enzyme
alternative label: NAD-malic enzyme
alternative label: pyruvic-malic carboxylase
activity: (S)-malate + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
comment: Does not decarboxylate added oxaloacetate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-malate + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating) (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: malic enzyme
alternative label: NADP-malic enzyme
alternative label: pyruvic-malic carboxylase
activity: (S)-malate + NADP(+) = CO2 + NADPH + pyruvate.
activity: H(+) + oxaloacetate = CO2 + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of (S)-malate in the presence of NADP(+) and divalent metal ions, and decarboxylation of oxaloacetate, cf. EC 1.1.1.38 and EC 1.1.1.39.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13084629
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13563505
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13834656
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13834657
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13842495
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18871257
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-malate + NADP(+) = CO2 + NADPH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + oxaloacetate = CO2 + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-ketoglutaric-isocitric carboxylase
alternative label: IDH
alternative label: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD)
alternative label: isocitric acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: isocitric dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD isocitric dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide isocitrate dehydrogenase
activity: D-threo-isocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.1.42, oxalosuccinate cannot be used as a substrate.
comment: In eukaryotes, isocitrate dehydrogenase exists in two forms: an NAD(+)-linked enzyme found only in mitochondria and displaying allosteric properties, and a non-allosteric, NADP(+)-linked enzyme that is found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm.
comment: The enzyme from some species can also use NADP(+) but much more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8593959
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10601238
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12204383
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13152105
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13925783
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14063317
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14832224
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-threo-isocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dual-cofactor-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: IDH
alternative label: IDP
alternative label: isocitrate (NADP) dehydrogenase
alternative label: isocitrate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
alternative label: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP)
alternative label: isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent)
alternative label: NADP(+)-ICDH
alternative label: NADP(+)-IDH
alternative label: NADP(+)-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP-dependent isocitric dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP isocitric dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase
alternative label: oxalosuccinate decarboxylase
alternative label: oxalsuccinic decarboxylase
alternative label: triphosphopyridine nucleotide-linked isocitrate dehydrogenase-oxalosuccinate carboxylase
activity: D-threo-isocitrate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.1.41, oxalosuccinate can be used as a substrate.
comment: In eukaryotes, isocitrate dehydrogenase exists in two forms: an NAD(+)-linked enzyme found only in mitochondria and displaying allosteric properties, and a non-allosteric, NADP(+)-linked enzyme that is found in both mitochondria and cytoplasm.
comment: The enzyme from some species can also use NAD(+) but much more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8593959
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9325430
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12207025
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13355848
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13363868
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13438885
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13925783
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15254034
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-threo-isocitrate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6-phosphogluconate 2-dehydrogenase
alternative label: 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase
activity: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-2-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)-dependent, decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6PGD
alternative label: 6-phosphogluconic carboxylase
alternative label: 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase
alternative label: phosphogluconic acid dehydrogenase
activity: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, whose main purpose is to produce NADPH and pentose for biosynthetic reactions.
comment: Highly specific for NADP(+). cf. EC 1.1.1.343.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/238996
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2783298
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13093611
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13426085
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14487824
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14904376
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15231785
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-gulonate 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-3-aldonate dehydrogenase
activity: L-gulonate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes other L-3-hydroxyacids.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-gulonate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13271422
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme has similar activity with either NAD(+) or NADP(+). cf. EC 1.1.1.118 and EC 1.1.1.119.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2530
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21162
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/810982
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4392298
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12981017
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-galactose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-galactose + NAD(+) = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme is part of the De Ley-Doudoroff pathway, which is used by some bacteria during growth on D-galactose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13462997
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14251301
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-galactose + NAD(+) = D-galactono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: G6PD
alternative label: G6PDH
alternative label: glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase
alternative label: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: GPD
activity: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a step of the pentose phosphate pathway.
comment: The enzyme is specific for NADP(+), cf. EC 1.1.1.363 and EC 1.1.1.388.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2270145
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5363983
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11457850
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12215813
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12435510
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13252007
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13729473
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13790996
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16202239
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22519976
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (Si-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3alpha-HSD
alternative label: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase (B-specific)
alternative label: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (B-specific)
alternative label: hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme acts on androsterone and other 3alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin.
comment: Si-specific with respect to NAD(+) or NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.213).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3479982
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13295221
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13405910
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14406805
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3(or 17)beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
activity: NADP(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on other 3beta- or 17beta-hydroxysteroids (cf. EC 1.1.1.209).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/193845
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: lithocholate + NAD(+) = 3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on other 3alpha-hydroxysteroids with an acidic side-chain. cf. EC 1.1.1.392.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14377608
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

lithocholate + NAD(+) = 3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha(or 20beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
alternative label: cortisone reductase
activity: androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol + NAD(+) = 17beta-hydroxyandrostanone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol + NAD(+) = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The 3alpha-hydroxy group or 20beta-hydroxy group of pregnane and androstane steroids can act as donor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/718844
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6928375
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6936053
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol + NAD(+) = 17beta-hydroxyandrostanone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol + NAD(+) = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: allyl alcohol + NADP(+) = acrolein + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on saturated primary alcohols.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

allyl alcohol + NADP(+) = acrolein + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

lactaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.2.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + propane-1,2-diol = (S)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ribitol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + ribitol = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + ribitol = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

fructuronate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-mannonate dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-mannonate oxidoreductase
alternative label: mannonic dehydrogenase
activity: D-mannonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-fructuronate + NADH.
activity: D-mannonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagaturonate + NADH.
comment: Also reduces D-tagaturonate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-fructuronate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-mannonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagaturonate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

tagaturonate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: altronate dehydrogenase
alternative label: altronate oxidoreductase
alternative label: altronic oxidoreductase
alternative label: Tagaturonate dehydrogenase
activity: D-altronate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagaturonate + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-altronate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagaturonate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD(+) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13672942
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-hydroxypropanoate + NAD(+) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxy-3-oxopropionate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: tartronate semialdehyde reductase
activity: (R)-glycerate + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-glycerate + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + succinate semialdehyde.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-hydroxybutanoate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + succinate semialdehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

17beta-estradiol 17-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 17beta-estradiol dehydrogenase
alternative label: 17beta-HSD
alternative label: 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
alternative label: 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
alternative label: estrogen 17-oxidoreductase
activity: 17beta-estradiol + NAD(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 17beta-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme oxidizes or reduces the hydroxy/keto group on C17 of estrogens and androgens in mammals and regulates the biological potency of these steroids.
comment: The mammalian enzyme is bifunctional and also catalyzes EC 1.1.1.270.
comment: The enzyme also acts on (S)-20-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one and related compounds, oxidizing the (S)-20-group, but unlike EC 1.1.1.149, it is Si-specific with respect to NAD(P)(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4314937
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12829805
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14413943
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

17beta-estradiol + NAD(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

17beta-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.63
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 3alpha-(17beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

testosterone 17beta-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 17-ketoreductase
activity: NADP(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also oxidizes 3-hydroxyhexobarbital to 3-oxohexobarbital.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13696735
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13781425
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15436478
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyridoxine 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PL reductase
alternative label: pyridoxal reductase
alternative label: pyridoxine dehydrogenase
activity: NADP(+) + pyridoxine = H(+) + NADPH + pyridoxal.
comment: Also oxidizes pyridoxine phosphate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + pyridoxine = H(+) + NADPH + pyridoxal.
type: Catalytic Activity

omega-hydroxydecanoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 10-hydroxydecanoate + NAD(+) = 10-oxodecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on 9-hydroxynonanoate and 11-hydroxyundecanoate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

10-hydroxydecanoate + NAD(+) = 10-oxodecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mannitol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: mannitol dehydrogenase
activity: D-mannitol + NAD(+) = D-fructose + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannitol + NAD(+) = D-fructose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.68
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

gluconate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5-keto-D-gluconate 5-reductase
alternative label: 5-ketogluconate 5-reductase
alternative label: 5-ketogluconate reductase
activity: D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.70
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: retinal reductase
activity: a primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
activity: a primary alcohol + NADP(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Reduces aliphatic aldehydes of chain length from C2 to C14, with greatest activity on C4, C6 and C8 aldehydes.
comment: Also reduces retinal to retinol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4300551
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a primary alcohol + NADP(+) = an aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: glycerol + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4400494
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycerol + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

octanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + octan-1-ol = H(+) + NADH + octanal.
comment: Acts, less rapidly, on other long-chain alcohols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4308448
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + octan-1-ol = H(+) + NADH + octanal.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.74
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-aminopropanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD(+) = aminoacetone + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385233
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5329339
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5340733
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-1-aminopropan-2-ol + NAD(+) = aminoacetone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S,S)-butanediol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD(+) = (S)-acetoin + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes the reversible reduction of (S)-acetoin to (S,S)-butane-2,3-diol.
comment: It can also catalyze the irreversible reduction of diacetyl to (S)-acetoin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2040298
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11577733
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13837186
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S,S)-butane-2,3-diol + NAD(+) = (S)-acetoin + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

lactaldehyde reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: propanediol oxidoreductase
activity: (R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (R)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (S)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (R)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-propane-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (S)-lactaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylglyoxal reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: methylglyoxal reductase
alternative label: methylglyoxal reductase (NADH-dependent)
activity: (R)-lactaldehyde + NAD(+) = H(+) + methylglyoxal + NADH.
comment: This mammalian enzyme differs from the yeast enzyme, EC 1.1.1.283, by its coenzyme requirement, reaction direction, and enantiomeric preference.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6386056
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14323585
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-lactaldehyde + NAD(+) = H(+) + methylglyoxal + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyoxylate reductase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also reduces hydroxypyruvate to glycerate.
comment: Has some affinity for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3548703
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycolate + NADP(+) = glyoxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

isopropanol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + propan-2-ol = acetone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on other short-chain secondary alcohols and, slowly, on primary alcohols.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + propan-2-ol = acetone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxypyruvate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-glycerate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (R)-glycerate + NADP(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3281657
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385077
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-glycerate + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-glycerate + NADP(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADP-linked malate dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-malate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxaloacetate.
comment: Activated by light.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4395182
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4397919
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5689906
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-malate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-malate + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4889267
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-malate + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

dimethylmalate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Also acts on (R)-malate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4287371
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + NAD(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-IPM dehydrogenase
alternative label: beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase
alternative label: IMDH
activity: (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CO2 + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4889950
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10683439
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14087358
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14269331
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.89
alternative label: acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase
alternative label: alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacyl reductoisomerase
alternative label: dihydroxyisovalerate dehydrogenase (isomerizing)
activity: (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, found in many bacteria and archaea, is specific for NADPH (cf. EC 1.1.1.382 and EC 1.1.1.383).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4388025
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5866387
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25172159
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.155
alternative label: (-)-1-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
alternative label: 2-hydroxy-3-carboxyadipate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)
alternative label: 3-carboxy-2-hydroxyadipate dehydrogenase
alternative label: homoisocitric dehydrogenase
activity: (2R,3S)-homoisocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Forms part of the lysine biosynthesis pathway in fungi.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4284830
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4395693
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10714900
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,3S)-homoisocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
alternative label: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl CoA-reductase
alternative label: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
alternative label: HMG-CoA reductase
alternative label: hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
activity: (R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD(+) = (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD(+) = (3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.89
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
activity: an aromatic primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aromatic aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
comment: A group of enzymes with broad specificity toward primary alcohols with an aromatic or cyclohex-1-ene ring, but with low or no activity toward short-chain aliphatic alcohols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5778658
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aromatic primary alcohol + NAD(+) = an aromatic aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: an aromatic primary alcohol + NADP(+) = an aromatic aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on some aliphatic aldehydes, but cinnamaldehyde was the best substrate found.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389864
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aromatic primary alcohol + NADP(+) = an aromatic aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

oxaloglycolate reductase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-glycerate + CO2 + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: (R)-glycerate + CO2 + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also reduces hydroxypyruvate to D-glycerate and glyoxylate to glycolate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385076
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-glycerate + CO2 + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-glycerate + CO2 + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

tartrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: mesotartrate dehydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + tartrate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R,3R)-tartrate + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4297261
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + tartrate = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,3R)-tartrate + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P))
alternative label: glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP)
alternative label: glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
alternative label: L-glycerol-3-phosphate:NAD(P) oxidoreductase
activity: NAD(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: NADP(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli shows specificity for the B side of NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28326
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/355254
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389388
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6767719
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3-phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3PHP reductase
alternative label: alphaKG reductase
alternative label: alpha-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
alternative label: glycerate-1,3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: glycerate 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: PGDH
alternative label: phosphoglycerate oxidoreductase
alternative label: phosphoglyceric acid dehydrogenase
activity: (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + NAD(+) = 3-phosphooxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Catalyzes the first committed and rate-limiting step in the phosphoserine pathway of serine biosynthesis.
comment: The reaction occurs predominantly in the direction of reduction.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli also catalyzes the activity of EC 1.1.1.399.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4378782
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384871
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4386930
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7719856
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8550422
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9163325
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14086727
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15668249
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + NAD(+) = 3-phosphooxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

diiodophenylpyruvate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Substrates contain an aromatic ring with a pyruvate side chain.
comment: The most active substrates are halogenated derivatives.
comment: Compounds with hydroxy or amino groups in the 3 or 5 position are inactive.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5935348
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(3,5-diiodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase
activity: 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP(+) = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4335290
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol + NADP(+) = 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + NAD(+) = 2-oxooctadecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5443694
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + NAD(+) = 2-oxooctadecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-2-hydroxy-fatty-acid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-2-hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + NAD(+) = 2-oxooctadecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4909888
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5443694
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-2-hydroxyoctadecanoate + NAD(+) = 2-oxooctadecanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Exhibits a marked preference for [acyl-carrier-protein] derivatives over CoA derivatives as substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4381013
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4561013
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6756317
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acylglycerone-phosphate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: palmitoyldihydroxyacetone-phosphate reductase
activity: 1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + NADP(+) = 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 1-O-alkylglycerone 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH = 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + NADP(+).
comment: Also acts on alkylglycerone 3-phosphate and alkylglycerol 3-phosphate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4403490
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1-hexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + NADP(+) = 1-hexadecanoylglycerone 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-O-alkylglycerone 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH = 1-O-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

3-dehydrosphinganine reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-ketosphinganine reductase
alternative label: 3-oxosphinganine:NADPH oxidoreductase
alternative label: 3-oxosphinganine reductase
alternative label: D-3-dehydrosphinganine reductase
alternative label: D-3-oxosphinganine:B-NADPH oxidoreductase
alternative label: D-3-oxosphinganine reductase
alternative label: DSR
alternative label: KTS reductase
activity: NADP(+) + sphinganine = 3-oxosphinganine + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4386961
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4387676
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + sphinganine = 3-oxosphinganine + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: TDH
activity: L-threonine + NAD(+) = (2S)-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts in concert with EC 2.3.1.29 in the degradation of threonine to glycine.
comment: This threonine-degradation pathway is common to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and the two enzymes involved form a complex.
comment: In aqueous solution, the product L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate can spontaneously decarboxylate to form aminoacetone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7548
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2007567
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14165492
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-threonine + NAD(+) = (2S)-2-amino-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-oxoproline reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cis-hydroxy-L-proline oxidase
activity: cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD(+) = 4-oxo-L-proline + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, isolated from animals, is specific for 4-oxo-L-proline and cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
comment: It has no activity with trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13914427
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/35150746
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline + NAD(+) = 4-oxo-L-proline + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: all-trans-retinol--[retinol-binding protein] + NAD(+) = all-trans-retinal--[retinol-binding protein] + H(+) + NADH.
activity: all-trans-retinol + NAD(+) = all-trans-retinal + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme recognizes all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinal as substrates and exhibits a strong preference for NAD(+)/NADH as cofactors.
comment: Recognizes the substrate both in free form and when bound to cellular-retinol-binding-protein (CRBP1), but has higher affinity for the bound form.
comment: No activity with 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinal (cf. EC 1.1.1.315).
comment: Also active with 3alpha-hydroxysteroids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5972368
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9677409
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12372410
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18926804
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

all-trans-retinol--[retinol-binding protein] + NAD(+) = all-trans-retinal--[retinol-binding protein] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

all-trans-retinol + NAD(+) = all-trans-retinal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

pantoate 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Panthothenase
activity: (R)-pantoate + NAD(+) = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4287370
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-pantoate + NAD(+) = (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyridoxal 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme acts on the hemiacetal form of the substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4306030
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxolactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

carnitine 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: carnitine + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4302217
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4310279
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

carnitine + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.109
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

aromatic 2-oxoacid reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.222
alternative label: (R)-4-hydroxyphenyllactate dehydrogenase
alternative label: (R)-aromatic lactate dehydrogenase
alternative label: indole-3-lactate dehydrogenase
alternative label: indolelactate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-3-phenyllactate + NAD(+) = 3-phenylpyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 3-(indol-3-yl)lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + indole-3-pyruvate + NADH.
comment: The enzymes from anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium sporogenes participate in the fermentation pathways of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan.
comment: The enzyme from the yeast Candida maltosa has similar activity, but, unlike the bacterial enzyme, requires Mn(2+) and can also use NADPH with lower activity.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384683
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6354130
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10849007
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29168502
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-3-phenyllactate + NAD(+) = 3-phenylpyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-(indol-3-yl)lactate + NAD(+) = H(+) + indole-3-pyruvate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP(+) = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4237631
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4303364
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-3-(imidazol-5-yl)lactate + NADP(+) = 3-(imidazol-5-yl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

indanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-indan-1-ol + NAD(+) = H(+) + indan-1-one + NADH.
activity: (S)-indan-1-ol + NADP(+) = H(+) + indan-1-one + NADPH.
comment: 3(20)alpha-hydroxysteroids are also oxidized, more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2559080
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4397102
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-indan-1-ol + NAD(+) = H(+) + indan-1-one + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-indan-1-ol + NADP(+) = H(+) + indan-1-one + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-xylose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-xylose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-xylono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
comment: Also oxidizes D-arabinose and D-lyxose.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-xylose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-xylono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

apiose 1-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-apiitol reductase
alternative label: D-apiose reductase
activity: D-apiitol + NAD(+) = aldehydo-D-apiose + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4314545
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-apiitol + NAD(+) = aldehydo-D-apiose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ribose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADP-pentose-dehydrogenase
activity: D-ribose + H2O + NADP(+) = D-ribonate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on D-xylose and other pentoses.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4381350
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4393642
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-ribose + H2O + NADP(+) = D-ribonate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: D-arabinose + NAD(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4393642
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinose + NAD(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: D-arabinose + NADP(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-arabinose + NAD(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on L-galactose, 6-deoxy- and 3,6-dideoxy-L-galactose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845847
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845848
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845849
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinose + NADP(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinose + NAD(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also oxidizes D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384672
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on L-arabinose, 6-deoxy- and 2-deoxy-D-galactose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4387016
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845847
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845848
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845849
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldose 1-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: an aldopyranose + NAD(+) = aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on D-glucose, 2-deoxy- and 6-deoxy-D-glucose, D-galactose, 6-deoxy-D-galactose, 2-deoxy-L-arabinose and D-xylose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845847
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845848
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5845849
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aldopyranose + NAD(+) = aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (2S,3R)-aldose dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-fucose dehydrogenase
activity: a D-threo-aldose + NAD(+) = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on L-fucose, D-arabinose and L-xylose.
comment: The animal enzyme was also shown to act on L-arabinose, and the enzyme from Pseudomonas caryophylli on L-glucose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/40609
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4309152
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a D-threo-aldose + NAD(+) = a D-threo-aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sorbose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5-ketofructose reductase
activity: keto-L-sorbose + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4392628
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

keto-L-sorbose + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

fructose 5-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5-ketofructose reductase (NADP(+))
alternative label: 5-ketofructose reductase (NADP+)
activity: D-fructose + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4379259
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-fructose + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-deoxy-D-gluconate 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase
activity: 2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-2-deoxy-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate dehydrogenase
activity: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = (4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2,6-dioxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate dehydrogenase
activity: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Pseudomonas acts equally well on NAD(+) or NADP(+), while those from Erwinia chrysanthemi and Escherichia coli are more specific for NAD(+).
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.128
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-threonate 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-threonic acid dehydrogenase
activity: L-threonate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-D-erythronate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-threonate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-D-erythronate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-dehydro-L-gulonate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,3-diketo-L-gulonate reductase
alternative label: 3-keto-L-gulonate dehydrogenase
activity: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NADP(+) = 2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-dehydro-L-gulonate + NADP(+) = 2,3-dioxo-L-gulonate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mannuronate reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.180
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.34
alternative label: mannonate dehydrogenase
activity: D-mannonate + NAD(+) = D-mannuronate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: D-mannonate + NADP(+) = D-mannuronate + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4388117
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannonate + NAD(+) = D-mannuronate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-mannonate + NADP(+) = D-mannuronate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-mannose 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = GDP-alpha-D-mannuronate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
comment: Also uses the corresponding deoxynucleoside diphosphate derivative as a substrate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

GDP-alpha-D-mannose + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = GDP-alpha-D-mannuronate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dTDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose reductase
alternative label: dTDP-6-deoxy-L-mannose dehydrogenase
activity: dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: In the reverse direction, reduction on the 4-position of the hexose moiety takes place only while the substrate is bound to another enzyme that catalyzes epimerization at C-3 and C-5; the complex has been referred to as dTDP-L-rhamnose synthase.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384782
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-beta-L-rhamnose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Oxidation on the 4-position of the hexose moiety takes place only while the substrate is bound to another enzyme that catalyzes epimerization at C-3 and C-5.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4199258
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-6-deoxy-D-talose 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14209931
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase
activity: H2O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-N-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate.
comment: This enzyme participates in the biosynthetic pathway for UDP-alpha-D-ManNAc3NAcA (UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannuronic acid), an important precursor of B-band lipopolysaccharide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4312076
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15226302
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-N-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate.
type: Catalytic Activity

ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ribitol 5-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum, can use both NAD(+) and NADP(+) as electron acceptor (cf. EC 1.1.1.405).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13948358
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NAD(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mannitol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADP-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase
activity: D-mannitol + NADP(+) = D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannitol + NADP(+) = D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.139
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aldose reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

sorbitol-6-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glucitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: ketosephosphate reductase
activity: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4318899
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + prostaglandin E2 = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on prostaglandins E2, F2alpha and B1, but not on prostaglandin D2 (cf. EC 1.1.1.196 and EC 1.1.1.197).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234431
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/803247
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1117007
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + prostaglandin E2 = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-pinitol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5D-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol + NADP(+) = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389340
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5D-5-O-methyl-chiro-inositol + NADP(+) = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sequoyitol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD(+) = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389340
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1D-5-O-methyl-myo-inositol + NAD(+) = 2D-5-O-methyl-2,3,5/4,6-pentahydroxycyclohexanone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + perillyl alcohol = H(+) + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.
comment: Oxidizes a number of primary alcohols with the alcohol group allylic to an endocyclic double bond and a 6-membered ring, either aromatic or hydroaromatic.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4289759
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + perillyl alcohol = H(+) + NADH + perillyl aldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase
alternative label: progesterone reductase
activity: a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(5)-steroid + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + NAD(+) = androst-5-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on 3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one to form androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and on 3beta-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one to form progesterone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4226148
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14220672
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(5)-steroid + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one + NAD(+) = androst-5-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: corticosteroid 11beta-dehydrogenase
activity: an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = an 11-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2661206
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2808402
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3139396
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384445
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = an 11-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

16alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: a 16alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 16-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: a 16alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 16-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4380686
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 16alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 16-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 16alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 16-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

estradiol 17alpha-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 17alpha-estradiol + NAD(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 17alpha-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4383682
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

17alpha-estradiol + NAD(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

17alpha-estradiol + NADP(+) = estrone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NADP(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Re-specific with respect to NAD(P)(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.62).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4382486
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6935192
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NAD(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(17R,20S)-17,20-dihydroxypregn-4-en-3-one + NADP(+) = 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + pregnan-21-ol = H(+) + NADH + pregnan-21-al.
comment: Acts on a number of 21-hydroxycorticosteroids.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + pregnan-21-ol = H(+) + NADH + pregnan-21-al.
type: Catalytic Activity

21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 21-hydroxy steroid (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) dehydrogenase
alternative label: 21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase
alternative label: 21-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
alternative label: NADP-21-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
activity: NADP(+) + pregnan-21-ol = H(+) + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.
comment: Acts on a number of 21-hydroxycorticosteroids.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + pregnan-21-ol = H(+) + NADPH + pregnan-21-al.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstane-17-one 3alpha-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: etiocholanolone 3alpha-dehydrogenase
activity: 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one + NAD(+) = 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5365796
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-androstan-17-one + NAD(+) = 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + sepiapterin.
activity: (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes the final step in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP.
comment: The enzyme, which is found in higher animals and some fungi and bacteria, produces the erythro form of tetrahydrobiopterin. cf. EC 1.1.1.325.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4401291
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5969298
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7528005
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10987137
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + sepiapterin.
type: Catalytic Activity

(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(+) = H(+) + N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine + NADH.
activity: (S)-ureidoglycolate + NADP(+) = H(+) + N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4399430
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(+) = H(+) + N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-ureidoglycolate + NADP(+) = H(+) + N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.155
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycerol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dihydroxyacetone reductase
activity: glycerol + NADP(+) = dihydroxyacetone + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4146296
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycerol + NADP(+) = dihydroxyacetone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: BHBD
activity: (3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4405720
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3S)-3-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = acetoacetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.158
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cholate + NAD(+) = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidation of the 7alpha-hydroxy group of bile acids and alcohols both in their free and conjugated forms.
comment: The Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium enzymes can also utilize NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/236764
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/786279
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4581498
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6945134
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cholate + NAD(+) = 3alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-7-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrobunolol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: bunolol reductase
activity: dihydrobunolol + NADP(+) = bunolol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, with NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4560367
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrobunolol + NADP(+) = bunolol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.161
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

erythrulose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-erythrulose reductase
activity: D-threitol + NADP(+) = D-erythrulose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: NAD(+) is also utilized, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4152124
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-threitol + NADP(+) = D-erythrulose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclopentanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cyclopentanol + NAD(+) = cyclopentanone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: 4-Methylcyclohexanol and cyclohexanol can also act as substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4349113
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12406764
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cyclopentanol + NAD(+) = cyclopentanone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hexadecanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: hexadecan-1-ol + NAD(+) = H(+) + hexadecanal + NADH.
comment: The liver enzyme acts on long-chain alcohols from C8 to C16.
comment: The Euglena enzyme also oxidizes the corresponding aldehydes to fatty acids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4313936
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5432753
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

hexadecan-1-ol + NAD(+) = H(+) + hexadecanal + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-alkyn-1-ol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on a variety of 2-alkyn-1-ols, and also on 1,4-butanediol.
comment: NADP(+) also acts as acceptor, but more slowly.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-butyne-1,4-diol + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-2-butynal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylates that have an equatorial carboxy group at C-1, an axial hydroxy group at C-3 and an equatorial hydroxy or carbonyl group at C-4, including (-)-quinate and (-)-shikimate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4375976
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-4-hydroxy-3-oxocyclohexane-1-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxymalonate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: hydroxymalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxomalonate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

hydroxymalonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxomalonate.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydropantolactone reductase (Re-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (A-specific)
alternative label: 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (A-specific)
alternative label: 2-ketopantoyl lactone reductase
alternative label: ketopantoyl lactone reductase
activity: (R)-pantolactone + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantolactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae differs from that from Escherichia coli (EC 1.1.1.214), which is specific for the Si-face of NADP, and in receptor requirements from EC 1.1.99.26.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234966
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4603075
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-pantolactone + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantolactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ketopantoate reductase
alternative label: ketopantoic acid reductase
alternative label: KPA reductase
activity: (R)-pantoate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantoate + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-pantoate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenecarboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxy-4beta-methylcholestenoate dehydrogenase
alternative label: sterol-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
alternative label: sterol 4alpha-carboxylic decarboxylase
activity: a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADPH.
activity: a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.
activity: 4beta-methylzymosterol-4alpha-carboxylate + NADP(+) = 3-dehydro-4-methylzymosterol + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of several important sterols such as ergosterol and cholesterol.
comment: It is part of a three enzyme system that removes methyl groups from the C-4 position of steroid molecules.
comment: The first enzyme, EC 1.14.18.9, catalyzes three successive oxidations of the methyl group, resulting in a carboxyl group; the second enzyme, EC 1.1.1.170, catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation that results in a reduction of the 3beta-hydroxy group at the C-3 carbon to an oxo group; and the last enzyme, EC 1.1.1.270, reduces the 3-oxo group back to a 3beta-hydroxyl.
comment: If a second methyl group remains at the C-4 position, this enzyme also catalyzes its epimerization from 4beta to 4alpha orientation, so it could serve as a substrate for a second round of demethylation. cf. EC 1.1.1.418.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4401584
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5791927
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7430141
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9811880
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14506130
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4beta-methylzymosterol-4alpha-carboxylate + NADP(+) = 3-dehydro-4-methylzymosterol + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.171
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-oxoadipate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-ketoadipate reductase
alternative label: alpha-ketoadipate reductase
activity: 2-hydroxyadipate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/185965
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hydroxyadipate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8142
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-rhamnofuranose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclohexane-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes, more slowly, the cis isomer and 2-hydroxycyclohexanone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/856571
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol = 2-hydroxycyclohexan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-xylose dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-D-xylose dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-linked D-xylose dehydrogenase
activity: D-xylose + NAD(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-xylose + NAD(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cholate + NADP(+) = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidation of the 12alpha-hydroxy group of bile acids, both in their free and conjugated form.
comment: Also acts on bile alcohols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/201289
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/921266
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cholate + NADP(+) = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol-3-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycerin-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: NADP(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1024580
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4152128
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxy-2-methylbutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity: (2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on (2S,3S)-2-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4150713
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S,3S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+), D-xylono-1,5-lactone-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-xylose-NADP dehydrogenase
activity: D-xylose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from pig arterial vessels and eye lens, also acts, more slowly, on L-arabinose and D-ribose. cf. EC 1.1.1.424.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-xylose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.180
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: mannuronate reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cholest-5-ene-3beta,7alpha-diol 3beta-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-C27-steroid oxidoreductase
activity: 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NAD(+) = 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Highly specific for 3beta-hydroxy-C27-steroids with Delta(5)-double bond.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6937465
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + NAD(+) = 7alpha-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.182
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (+)-borneol dehydrogenase
replaced by: (-)-borneol dehydrogenase
replaced by: (+)-sabinol dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

geraniol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: (2E)-geraniol + NADP(+) = (2E)-geranial + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly on farnesol but not on nerol.
comment: The enzyme produces a mixture known as citral, which includes geranial and neral.
comment: It is still not known whether neral is produced directly by the enzyme, or by isomerization of geranial.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11743782
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21636906
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2E)-geraniol + NADP(+) = (2E)-geranial + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

carbonyl reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aldehyde reductase I
alternative label: NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase
alternative label: prostaglandin 9-ketoreductase
alternative label: xenobiotic ketone reductase
activity: a secondary alcohol + NADP(+) = a ketone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on a wide range of carbonyl compounds, including quinones, aromatic aldehydes, ketoaldehydes, daunorubicin, and prostaglandins E and F, reducing them to the corresponding alcohol.
comment: Si-specific with respect to NADPH (cf. EC 1.1.1.2).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/31888
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/666816
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7005231
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a secondary alcohol + NADP(+) = a ketone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-glycol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: an L-glycol + NADP(+) = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: an L-glycol + NAD(+) = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The 2-hydroxycarbonyl compound formed can be further oxidized to a vicinal dicarbonyl compound.
comment: In the reverse direction, vicinal diketones, glyceraldehyde, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, 2-oxo-hydroxyketones and 2-ketoacid esters can be reduced.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7018582
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an L-glycol + NADP(+) = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

an L-glycol + NAD(+) = a 2-hydroxycarbonyl + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-galactose 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: thymidine-diphosphate-galactose dehydrogenase
activity: dTDP-D-galactose + H2O + 2 NADP(+) = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4381717
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-D-galactose + H2O + 2 NADP(+) = dTDP-D-galacturonate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-4-dehydro-D-rhamnose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase
alternative label: GDP-4-keto-D-rhamnose reductase
alternative label: guanosine diphosphate-4-keto-D-rhamnose reductase
activity: GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, which operates in the opposite direction to that shown, forms a mixture of GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose and its C-4 epimer, GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose. cf. EC 1.1.1.135 and EC 1.1.1.281.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4386238
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4398966
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-talose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

prostaglandin-F synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PGD2 11-ketoreductase
alternative label: PGF synthetase
alternative label: prostaglandin 11-ketoreductase
alternative label: prostaglandin-D2 11-ketoreductase
alternative label: prostaglandin-D2 11-reductase
alternative label: prostaglandin-D2 ketoreductase
alternative label: prostaglandin-F synthetase
activity: NADP(+) + prostaglandin F2alpha = H(+) + NADPH + prostaglandin D2.
comment: Reduces prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin F2; prostaglandin D2 is not an intermediate in the reduction of prostaglandin H2.
comment: Also catalyzes the reduction of a number of carbonyl compounds, such as 9,10-phenanthroquinone and 4-nitroacetophenone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3858278
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7132748
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7248317
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7248318
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + prostaglandin F2alpha = H(+) + NADPH + prostaglandin D2.
type: Catalytic Activity

prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 9-keto-prostaglandin E2 reductase
alternative label: 9-ketoprostaglandin reductase
alternative label: PGE2 9-ketoreductase
alternative label: PGE2 9-oxoreductase
alternative label: prostaglandin-E2 9-oxoreductase
activity: NADP(+) + prostaglandin F2alpha = H(+) + NADPH + prostaglandin E2.
comment: Reduces prostaglandin E2 to prostaglandin F2alpha.
comment: A number of other 9-oxo- and 15-oxo-prostaglandin derivatives can also be reduced to the corresponding hydroxy compounds.
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.197.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/166995
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3901124
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6586494
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7132747
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + prostaglandin F2alpha = H(+) + NADPH + prostaglandin E2.
type: Catalytic Activity

indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: indoleacetaldehyde reductase
activity: indole-3-ethanol + NAD(+) = H(+) + indole-3-acetaldehyde + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2607
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

indole-3-ethanol + NAD(+) = H(+) + indole-3-acetaldehyde + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

indole-3-acetaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: indole-3-ethanol + NADP(+) = H(+) + indole-3-acetaldehyde + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2607
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

indole-3-ethanol + NADP(+) = H(+) + indole-3-acetaldehyde + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: fatty alcohol oxidoreductase
activity: a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = a long-chain fatty acid + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
comment: Hexadecanol is a good substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/34610
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = a long-chain fatty acid + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5-amino-6-(5-phosphoribosylamino)uracil reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil + NADP(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30756
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribitylamino)uracil + NADP(+) = 5-amino-6-(5-phospho-D-ribosylamino)uracil + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (E)-coniferol + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Specific for coniferyl alcohol; does not act on cinnamyl alcohol, 4-coumaryl alcohol or sinapyl alcohol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1250
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(E)-coniferol + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: CAD
activity: (E)-cinnamyl alcohol + NADP(+) = (E)-cinnamaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-sinapyl alcohol + NADP(+) = (E)-sinapaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-coniferol + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-4-coumaroyl alcohol + NADP(+) = (E)-4-coumaraldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, 4-coumaryl alcohol and cinnamyl alcohol (cf. EC 1.1.1.194).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1250
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/572771
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6365550
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(E)-cinnamyl alcohol + NADP(+) = (E)-cinnamaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-sinapyl alcohol + NADP(+) = (E)-sinapaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-coniferol + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferaldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-4-coumaroyl alcohol + NADP(+) = (E)-4-coumaraldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-hydroxyprostaglandin-D dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: prostaglandin-D 15-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
alternative label: prostaglandin-D 15-dehydrogenase (NADP+)
activity: NADP(+) + prostaglandin D2 = 15-oxoprostaglandin D2 + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Specific for prostaglandins D (cf. EC 1.1.1.141 and EC 1.1.1.197).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7354056
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + prostaglandin D2 = 15-oxoprostaglandin D2 + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + prostaglandin E1 = 15-oxoprostaglandin E1 + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on prostaglandins E2, F2alpha and B1, but not on prostaglandin D2 (cf. EC 1.1.1.141 and EC 1.1.1.196).
comment: May be identical with EC 1.1.1.189.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234431
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10803247
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + prostaglandin E1 = 15-oxoprostaglandin E1 + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(+)-borneol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.182
activity: (1R,2S,4R)-borneol + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-camphor + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NADP(+) can also act, more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/677891
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3310901
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2S,4R)-borneol + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-camphor + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-usnate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD(+) = (S)-usnate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6R)-2-acetyl-6-(3-acetyl-2,4,6-trihydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3-hydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one + NAD(+) = (S)-usnate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldose-6-phosphate reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = aldehydo-D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: In the reverse reaction, acts also on D-galactose 6-phosphate and, more slowly, on D-mannose 6-phosphate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-sorbitol 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = aldehydo-D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADP-dependent 7beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
activity: a 7beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 7-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidation of the 7beta-hydroxy group of bile acids such as ursodeoxycholate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6758698
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6945134
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6954878
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 7beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 7-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase
alternative label: 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde reductase
activity: NAD(+) + propane-1,3-diol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7035429
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + propane-1,3-diol = 3-hydroxypropanal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

uronate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.35
alternative label: uronic acid dehydrogenase
activity: beta-D-galacturonate + NAD(+) = D-galactaro-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: beta-D-glucuronate + NAD(+) = D-glucaro-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Agrobacterium fabrum, participates in oxidative degradation pathways for galacturonate and glucuronate.
comment: The enzyme can only accept the beta anomeric form of the substrate.
comment: The 1,5 lactone product is rather stable at cytosolic pH and does not hydrolyze spontaneously at a substantial rate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13657147
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19921179
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21676870
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22493433
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

beta-D-galacturonate + NAD(+) = D-galactaro-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

beta-D-glucuronate + NAD(+) = D-glucaro-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.204
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.4
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

IMP dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.14
alternative label: IMP oxidoreductase
alternative label: inosinate dehydrogenase
alternative label: inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: inosine monophosphate oxidoreductase
alternative label: inosinic acid dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + IMP + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + XMP.
comment: The enzyme acts on the hydroxy group of the hydrated derivative of the substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13428767
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13778733
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + IMP + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + XMP.
type: Catalytic Activity

tropinone reductase I
type: Enzyme
alternative label: TR-I
alternative label: tropine dehydrogenase
alternative label: tropinone reductase
activity: NADP(+) + tropine = H(+) + NADPH + tropinone.
comment: Also oxidizes other tropan-3alpha-ols, but not the corresponding beta-derivatives.
comment: Represents, along with EC 1.1.1.236, a branch point in tropane alkaloid metabolism.
comment: Tropine (the product of EC 1.1.1.206) is incorporated into hyoscyamine and scopolamine whereas pseudotropine (the product of EC 1.1.1.236) is the first specific metabolite on the pathway to the calystegines.
comment: Both enzymes are always found together in any given tropane-alkaloid-producing species, have a common substrate, tropinone, and are strictly stereospecific.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8415746
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16426652
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + tropine = H(+) + NADPH + tropinone.
type: Catalytic Activity

(-)-menthol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: monoterpenoid dehydrogenase
activity: (-)-menthol + NADP(+) = (1R,4S)-menthone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on a number of other cyclohexanols and cyclohexenols.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.1.1.208.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(-)-menthol + NADP(+) = (1R,4S)-menthone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(+)-neomenthol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: monoterpenoid dehydrogenase
activity: (+)-neomenthol + NADP(+) = (1R,4S)-menthone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on a number of other cyclohexanols and cyclohexenols.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.1.1.207.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(+)-neomenthol + NADP(+) = (1R,4S)-menthone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3(or 17)alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: androsterone + NADP(+) = 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: androsterone + NAD(+) = 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on the 3alpha-hydroxy group of androgens of the 5alpha-androstane series; and also, more slowly, on the 17alpha-hydroxyl group of both androgenic and estrogenic substrates (cf. EC 1.1.1.51).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6955302
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6955303
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

androsterone + NADP(+) = 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

androsterone + NAD(+) = 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-(or 20alpha)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-beta-HSD
alternative label: progesterone reductase
activity: 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP(+) = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on 20alpha-hydroxysteroids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6958329
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol + NADP(+) = 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity: a long-chain (3S)-3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a long-chain 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme was purified from the mitochondrial inner membrane.
comment: The enzyme has a preference for long-chain substrates, and activity with C16 substrates was 6- to 15-fold higher than with C4 substrates (cf. EC 1.1.1.35).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7150615
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a long-chain (3S)-3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a long-chain 3-oxo-fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
activity: a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Forms part of the fatty acid synthase system in plants.
comment: Can be separated from EC 1.1.1.100.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7075600
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3R)-hydroxyacyl-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (Re-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A-specific)
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme acts on multiple 3alpha-hydroxysteroids.
comment: Re-specific with respect to NAD(+) or NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.50).
comment: Enzymes whose stereo-specificity with respect to NAD(+) or NADP(+) is not known are described by EC 1.1.1.357.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4392180
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13278351
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydropantolactone reductase (Si-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (B-specific)
alternative label: 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (B-specific)
alternative label: 2-ketopantoyl lactone reductase
alternative label: ketopantoyl lactone reductase
activity: (R)-pantolactone + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantolactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The Escherichia coli enzyme differs from that from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EC 1.1.1.168), which is specific for the Re-face of NADP, and in receptor requirements from EC 1.1.99.26.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234966
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-pantolactone + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantolactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

gluconate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-keto-D-gluconate reductase
alternative label: 2-ketogluconate reductase
activity: D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on L-idonate, D-galactonate and D-xylonate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

farnesol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2E,6E)-farnesol + NADP(+) = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on (2Z,6E)-farnesol, geraniol, citronerol and nerol.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2E,6E)-farnesol + NADP(+) = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

benzyl-2-methyl-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: benzyl 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase
activity: benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP(+) = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on benzyl (2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate; otherwise highly specific.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

benzyl (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxybutanoate + NADP(+) = benzyl 2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

morphine 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: naloxone reductase
activity: morphine + NAD(+) = H(+) + morphinone + NADH.
activity: morphine + NADP(+) = H(+) + morphinone + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on some other alkaloids, including codeine, normorphine and ethylmorphine, but only very slowly on 7,8-saturated derivatives such as dihydromorphine and dihydrocodeine.
comment: In the reverse direction, also reduces naloxone to the 6alpha-hydroxy analog.
comment: Activated by 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (2-mercaptoethanol).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2580834
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3539118
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

morphine + NAD(+) = H(+) + morphinone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

morphine + NADP(+) = H(+) + morphinone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydroflavanol 4-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dihydroflavonol 4-reductase
alternative label: dihydrokaempferol 4-reductase
alternative label: NADPH-dihydromyricetin reductase
activity: a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + NADP(+) = a (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (2R,3S,4S)-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP(+) = (2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This plant enzyme, involved in the biosynthesis of anthocyanidins, is known to act on (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)-taxifolin, and (+)-dihydromyricetin, although some enzymes may act only on a subset of these compounds.
comment: Each dihydroflavonol is reduced to the corresponding cis-flavan-3,4-diol.
comment: NAD(+) can act instead of NADP(+), but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3293532
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16664326
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21701830
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2R,3S,4S)-leucoanthocyanidin + NADP(+) = a (2R,3R)-dihydroflavonol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,3S,4S)-3,4-leucopelargonidin + NADP(+) = (2R,3R)-dihydrokaempferol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin 2'-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6PPH4(2'-oxo) reductase
alternative label: 6-pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin (2'-oxo)reductase
alternative label: 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin 2'-reductase
alternative label: pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin reductase
activity: 6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + NADP(+) = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.1.1.153.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4004850
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-lactoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + NADP(+) = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

vomifoliol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: vomifoliol 4'-dehydrogenase
activity: (6S,9R)-vomifoliol + NAD(+) = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Oxidizes vomifoliol to dehydrovomifoliol; involved in the metabolism of abscisic acid in Corynebacterium sp.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S,9R)-vomifoliol + NAD(+) = (6S)-6-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.222
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aromatic 2-oxoacid reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

isopiperitenol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD(+) = (6R)-isopiperitenone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on (-)-trans-isopiperitenol, (+)-trans-piperitenol and (+)-trans-pulegol.
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of menthol and related monoterpenes in peppermint (Mentha piperita) leaves.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3885858
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,6R)-isopiperitenol + NAD(+) = (6R)-isopiperitenone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mannose-6-phosphate 6-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADPH-dependent M6P reductase
alternative label: NADPH-mannose-6-P reductase
activity: D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-mannose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of mannitol in celery (Apium graveolens) leaves.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16663332
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannitol 1-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-mannose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

chlordecone reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: CDR
activity: chlordecone alcohol + NADP(+) = chlordecone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Chlordecone, an organochlorine pesticide, is 1,1a,3,3a,4,5,5a,5b,6-decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2427522
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

chlordecone alcohol + NADP(+) = chlordecone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Corynebacterium cyclohexanicum is highly specific for the trans-4-hydroxy derivative.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3292236
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + trans-4-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylate = 4-oxocyclohexanecarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(-)-borneol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.182
activity: (1S,2R,4S)-borneol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-camphor + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NADP(+) can also act, more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3310901
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,2R,4S)-borneol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-camphor + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(+)-sabinol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.182
activity: (1S,3R,5S)-sabinol + NAD(+) = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NADP(+) can also act, more slowly.
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of (+)-3-thujone and (-)-3-isothujone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3310901
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,3R,5S)-sabinol + NAD(+) = (1S,5S)-sabinone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: diethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate + NADP(+) = diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on diethyl (2S,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate; and on the corresponding dimethyl esters.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

diethyl (2R,3R)-2-methyl-3-hydroxysuccinate + NADP(+) = diethyl 2-methyl-3-oxosuccinate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP(+) = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Highly specific to 3alpha-hydroxy derivatives of glycyrrhetinate and its analogs.
comment: Not identical to EC 1.1.1.50.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3164718
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3alpha-hydroxyglycyrrhetinate + NADP(+) = 3-oxoglycyrrhetinate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-hydroxyprostaglandin-I dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PG I2 dehydrogenase
alternative label: prostacyclin dehydrogenase
activity: NADP(+) + prostaglandin I2 = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I2 + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Specific for prostaglandin I2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6182444
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + prostaglandin I2 = 15-dehydro-prostaglandin I2 + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-hydroxyicosatetraenoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate + NADP(+) = 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3052453
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate + NAD(+) = 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,15S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate + NADP(+) = 15-oxo-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

N-acylmannosamine 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase
alternative label: N-acyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase
alternative label: N-acylmannosamine dehydrogenase
activity: an N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD(+) = an N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on acetyl-D-mannosamine and glycolyl-D-mannosamine.
comment: Highly specific.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3240988
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an N-acyl-D-mannosamine + NAD(+) = an N-acyl-D-mannosaminolactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

flavanone 4-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP(+) = (2S)-flavanone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyanthocyanidins from flavanones such as naringenin or eriodictyol.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-flavan-4-ol + NADP(+) = (2S)-flavanone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

8-oxocoformycin reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: coformycin + NADP(+) = 8-oxocoformycin + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Si-specific with respect to NADPH.
comment: Also reduces 8-oxodeoxy-coformycin to the nucleoside antibiotic deoxycoformycin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3052586
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

coformycin + NADP(+) = 8-oxocoformycin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

tropinone reductase II
type: Enzyme
alternative label: pseudotropine forming tropinone reductase
alternative label: TR-II
alternative label: tropinone reductase
activity: NADP(+) + pseudotropine = H(+) + NADPH + tropinone.
comment: Represents, along with EC 1.1.1.206, a branch point in tropane alkaloid metabolism.
comment: Tropine (the product of EC 1.1.1.206) is incorporated into hyoscyamine and scopolamine whereas pseudotropine (the product of EC 1.1.1.236) is the first specific metabolite on the pathway to the calystegines.
comment: Both enzymes are always found together in any given tropane-alkaloid-producing species, have a common substrate, tropinone, and are strictly stereospecific.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8415746
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16426652
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + pseudotropine = H(+) + NADPH + tropinone.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NADP(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP(+) = 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid.
comment: It belongs to the family of D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, and prefers NADPH to NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15284489
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25918800
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29329649
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NADP(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-2-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NAD(+) = 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP(+) = 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

12beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP(+) = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on a number of bile acids, both in their free and conjugated forms.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3167086
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3alpha,7alpha,12beta-trihydroxy-5beta-cholanate + NADP(+) = 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-(17beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.63
alternative label: 17beta-HSD
alternative label: 17-ketoreductase
activity: NAD(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on other 17beta-hydroxysteroids, on the 3alpha-hydroxy group of pregnanes and bile acids.
comment: Different from EC 1.1.1.50 or EC 1.1.1.213.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2317205
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13696735
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13781425
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15436478
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + testosterone = androst-4-ene-3,17-dione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

N-acetylhexosamine 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + NADH.
comment: Also acts on N-acetylgalactosamine and, more slowly, on N-acetylmannosamine.
comment: Anomeric specificity was tested with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and it was shown that the enzyme is specific for the alpha anomer.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-endo-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole + NAD(+) = 6-oxocineole + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-exo-hydroxy-1,8-cineole + NAD(+) = 6-oxocineole + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.242
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: zeatin reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

carveol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1S,5R)-carveol + NADP(+) = (R)-carvone + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16666709
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,5R)-carveol + NADP(+) = (R)-carvone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

methanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: methanol + NAD(+) = formaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2673121
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

methanol + NAD(+) = formaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclohexanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cyclohexanol + NAD(+) = cyclohexanone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes some other alicyclic alcohols and diols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1261
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cyclohexanol + NAD(+) = cyclohexanone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.246
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone reductase
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/4.2.1.139
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

codeinone reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: codeine + NADP(+) = codeinone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: NADP(+) + neopine = H(+) + NADPH + neopinone.
comment: Catalyzes the reversible reduction of codeinone to codeine, which is a direct precursor of morphine in the opium poppy plant, Papaver somniferum.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7588736
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

codeine + NADP(+) = codeinone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + neopine = H(+) + NADPH + neopinone.
type: Catalytic Activity

salutaridine reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: (7S)-salutaridinol + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + salutaridine.
comment: Catalyzes the reversible reduction of salutaridine to salutaridinol, which is a direct precursor of morphinan alkaloids in the poppy plant.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(7S)-salutaridinol + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + salutaridine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.249
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/2.5.1.46
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-arabinitol 2-dehydrogenase (ribulose-forming)
activity: D-arabinitol + NAD(+) = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8250887
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8407803
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinitol + NAD(+) = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: galactitol 1-phosphate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli is involved in a galactitol degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7772602
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26143925
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

galactitol 1-phosphate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagatose 6-phosphate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.50
alternative label: T4HN reductase
activity: NADP(+) + scytalone = H(+) + NADPH + naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol.
comment: Reduces 1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene to scytalone and also reduces 1,3,8-trihydroxynaphthalene to vermelone.
comment: Involved with EC 4.2.1.94 in the biosynthesis of melanin in pathogenic fungi.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8112349
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9048570
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + scytalone = H(+) + NADPH + naphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.253
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: pteridine reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-carnitine 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-carnitine dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-carnitine + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Specific for the (S)-enantiomer of carnitine, i.e., the enantiomer of the substrate of EC 1.1.1.108.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9214773
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-carnitine + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrocarnitine + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mannitol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: MTD
alternative label: NAD-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase
activity: D-mannitol + NAD(+) = D-mannose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Apium graveolens (celery) oxidizes alditols with a minimum requirement of 2R chirality at the carbon adjacent to the primary carbon undergoing the oxidation.
comment: The enzyme is specific for NAD(+) and does not use NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1416989
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7630943
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7638158
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-mannitol + NAD(+) = D-mannose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

fluoren-9-ol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 9H-fluoren-9-ol + NADP(+) = 9H-fluoren-9-one + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 9H-fluoren-9-ol + NAD(+) = 9H-fluoren-9-one + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the pathway for fluorene metabolism in Arthrobacter sp.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1444405
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9055403
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

9H-fluoren-9-ol + NADP(+) = 9H-fluoren-9-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

9H-fluoren-9-ol + NAD(+) = 9H-fluoren-9-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD(+) = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the toluene-4-sulfonate degradation pathway in Comamonas testosteroni.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8828208
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenesulfonate + NAD(+) = 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-hydroxyhexanoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD(+) = 6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the cyclohexanol degradation pathway in Acinetobacter NCIB 9871.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1261
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6722936
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-hydroxyhexanoate + NAD(+) = 6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxypimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-hydroxy-6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxo-6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the anaerobic pathway of benzoate degradation in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8990279
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-hydroxy-6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxo-6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulcatone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + sulcatol = H(+) + NADH + sulcatone.
comment: Studies on the effects of growth-stage and nutrient supply on the stereochemistry of sulcatone reduction in Clostridia pasteurianum, C. tyrobutyricum and Lactobacillus brevis suggest that there may be at least two sulcatone reductases with different stereospecificities.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + sulcatol = H(+) + NADH + sulcatone.
type: Catalytic Activity

sn-glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
alternative label: Gro1PDH
activity: NAD(+) + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: NADP(+) + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Responsible for the formation of archaea-specific sn-glycerol-1-phosphate, the first step in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea.
comment: It is the enantiomer of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate, the form of glycerophosphate found in bacteria and eukaryotes.
comment: The other enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of polar lipids in archaea are EC 2.5.1.41 and EC 2.5.1.42, which together alkylate the hydroxy groups of glycerol 1-phosphate to give unsaturated archaetidic acid, which is acted upon by EC 2.7.7.67 to form CDP-unsaturated archaeol.
comment: The final step in the pathway involves the addition of L-serine, with concomitant removal of CMP, leading to the production of unsaturated archaetidylserine.
comment: Activity of the enzyme is stimulated by K(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8586635
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9348086
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9419225
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10960477
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15876564
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18558723
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + sn-glycerol 1-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxythreonine-4-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-(phosphohydroxy)-L-threonine dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD(+)-dependent threonine 4-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: 4-(phosphooxy)-L-threonine + NAD(+) = 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: The enzyme is part of the biosynthesis pathway of the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate found in anaerobic bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10225425
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12896974
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15026039
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-(phosphooxy)-L-threonine + NAD(+) = 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: AF reductase
activity: 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP(+) = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also reduces pyridine-3-aldehyde and 2,3-butanedione.
comment: Acetaldehyde, 2-dehydroglucose (glucosone) and glucuronate are poor substrates, but there is no detectable action on glucose, mannose and fructose.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol + NADP(+) = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase
activity: L-idonate + NAD(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: L-idonate + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli is specific for 5-dehydro-D-gluconate. cf. EC 1.1.1.366.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9658018
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-idonate + NAD(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-idonate + NADP(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-methylbutanal reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-methylbutanol + NADP(+) = 3-methylbutanal + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 3-methylbutanol + NAD(+) = 3-methylbutanal + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes the reduction of a number of straight-chain and branched aldehydes, as well as some aromatic aldehydes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9327572
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-methylbutanol + NADP(+) = 3-methylbutanal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-methylbutanol + NAD(+) = 3-methylbutanal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose reductase
activity: dTDP-alpha-D-fucose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: dTDP-alpha-D-fucose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzymes from the Gram-negative bacteria Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Escherichia coli O52 are involved in activation of fucose for incorporation into capsular polysaccharide O-antigens.
comment: The enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Anoxybacillus tepidamans (Geobacillus tepidamans) is involved in activation of fucose for incorporation into the organism's S-layer.
comment: The enzyme from E. coli O52 has a higher catalytic efficiency with NADH than with NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10358040
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17202151
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19019146
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-alpha-D-fucose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-alpha-D-fucose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1-deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase
alternative label: DXP-reductoisomerase
activity: 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP(+) = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from several eubacteria, including Escherichia coli, forms part of an alternative nonmevalonate pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis.
comment: The mechanism has been shown to be a retroaldol/aldol reaction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9707569
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19159292
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate + NADP(+) = 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-(R)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-(2-(R)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-2-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Highly specific for (R)-2-hydroxyalkyl thioethers of CoM, in contrast to EC 1.1.1.269, which is highly specific for the (S)-enantiomer.
comment: Forms component III of a four-component enzyme system (comprising EC 4.4.1.23 (component I), EC 1.8.1.5 (component II), EC 1.1.1.268 (component III) and EC 1.1.1.269 (component IV)) that is involved in epoxyalkane carboxylation in Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10411892
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-2-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-(S)-hydroxypropyl-CoM dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-(2-(S)-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-2-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Highly specific for (S)-2-hydroxyalkyl thioethers of CoM, in contrast to EC 1.1.1.268, which is highly specific for the (R)-enantiomer.
comment: Forms component IV of a four-component enzyme system (comprising EC 4.4.1.23 (component I), EC 1.8.1.5 (component II), EC 1.1.1.268 (component III) and EC 1.1.1.269 (component IV)) that is involved in epoxyalkane carboxylation in Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10411892
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-2-hydroxypropyl-coenzyme M + NAD(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-keto-steroid reductase
alternative label: 3-KSR
activity: a 3beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 3-dehydro-4alpha-methylzymosterol + H(+) + NADPH = 4alpha-methylzymosterol + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme acts on multiple 3beta-hydroxysteroids.
comment: Participates in the biosynthesis of zemosterol and cholesterol, where it catalyzes the reaction in the opposite direction to that shown.
comment: The mammalian enzyme is bifunctional and also catalyzes EC 1.1.1.62.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4387005
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6946726
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10535978
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12829805
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-dehydro-4alpha-methylzymosterol + H(+) + NADPH = 4alpha-methylzymosterol + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-L-fucose synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose-3,5-epimerase-4-reductase
alternative label: GDP-fucose synthetase
activity: GDP-beta-L-fucose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Both human and Escherichia coli enzymes can use NADH in place of NADPH to a slight extent.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3338988
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9862812
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10480878
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11030750
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

GDP-beta-L-fucose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NADP(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NADP(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This enzyme, characterized from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei and the mold Aspergillus oryzae, catalyzes a reversible stereospecific reduction of 2-oxocarboxylic acids into the corresponding D-2-hydroxycarboxylic acids.
comment: The enzyme prefers substrates with a main chain of 5 carbons (such as 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate) to those with a shorter chain, and can use NADH with much lower efficiency. cf. EC 1.1.1.345.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17049749
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26615399
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NADP(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NADP(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

vellosimine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 10-deoxysarpagine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + vellosimine.
comment: Also acts on related alkaloids with an endo-aldehyde group such as vellosimine (same stereochemistry at C-16) but only slight activity with exo-aldehydes (epimeric at C-16).
comment: Detected in many cell suspension cultures of plants from the family Apocynaceae.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

10-deoxysarpagine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + vellosimine.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,5-didehydrogluconate reductase (2-dehydro-D-gluconate-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate reductase
activity: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in the catabolism of 2,5-didehydrogluconate. cf. EC 1.1.1.346.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: carveol dehydrogenase
activity: (1R,5S)-carveol + NAD(+) = (S)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NADP(+) cannot replace NAD(+).
comment: Forms part of the monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathway in Carum carvi (caraway) seeds.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9662532
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,5S)-carveol + NAD(+) = (S)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

serine 3-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: serine 3-dehydrogenase
activity: L-serine + NADP(+) = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: NAD(+) cannot replace NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.387).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9028042
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12092831
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-serine + NADP(+) = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxy-5beta-steroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-oxidoreductase
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxysteroid 5beta-progesterone oxidoreductase
activity: 3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3beta-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-steroid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2291772
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnane-20-one + NADP(+) = 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.55
alternative label: 3-oxo ester (R)-reductase
activity: ethyl (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP(+) = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on ethyl (R)-3-oxobutanoate and some other (R)-3-hydroxy acid esters.
comment: The (R)- symbol is allotted on the assumption that no substituents change the order of priority from O-3>C-2>C-4.
comment: A subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae EC 2.3.1.86. cf. EC 1.1.1.280.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3280313
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

ethyl (R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP(+) = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.56
alternative label: 3-oxo ester (S)-reductase
activity: ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP(+) = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on 4-oxo- and 5-oxo-fatty acids and their esters. cf. EC 1.1.1.279.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3280313
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

ethyl (S)-3-hydroxyhexanoate + NADP(+) = ethyl 3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-mannose reductase
alternative label: GDP-6-deoxy-D-lyxo-4-hexulose reductase
activity: GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Differs from EC 1.1.1.187 in that the only product formed is GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose (GDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-mannose).
comment: D-rhamnose is a constituent of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative plant and human pathogenic bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11096116
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11856318
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-alpha-D-rhamnose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-alpha-D-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase
activity: L-quinate + NADP(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: L-quinate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: NADP(+) + shikimate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: NAD(+) + shikimate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This is the second shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme found in Escherichia coli.
comment: It can use both quinate and shikimate as substrates and either NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor.
comment: The low catalytic efficiency with both quinate and shikimate suggests that neither may be the physiological substrate. cf. EC 1.1.1.24, EC 1.1.1.25, and EC 1.1.5.8.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12624088
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12637497
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-quinate + NADP(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-quinate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + shikimate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(+) + shikimate = 3-dehydroshikimate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
alternative label: methylglyoxal reductase (NADPH-dependent)
activity: (S)-lactaldehyde + NADP(+) = H(+) + methylglyoxal + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzes the reduction of a keto group in a number of compounds, forming enantiopure products.
comment: Among the substrates are methylglyoxal (which is reduced to (S)-lactaldehyde), 3-methylbutanal, hexane-2,5-dione and 3-chloro-1-phenylpropan-1-one.
comment: The enzyme differs from EC 1.1.1.78 which is found in mammals, by its coenzyme requirement, reaction direction, and enantiomeric preference.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3896793
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12722185
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16999827
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20111861
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20237665
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20606287
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-lactaldehyde + NADP(+) = H(+) + methylglyoxal + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.1
alternative label: ADH3
alternative label: chi-ADH
alternative label: class III alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: FDH
alternative label: formaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: formaldehyde dehydrogenase (glutathione)
alternative label: formic dehydrogenase
alternative label: GD-FALDH
alternative label: glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: GS-FDH
alternative label: NAD- and glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: NADP(+) + S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = H(+) + NADPH + S-formylglutathione.
activity: NAD(+) + S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = H(+) + NADH + S-formylglutathione.
comment: The substrate, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione, forms spontaneously from glutathione and formaldehyde; its rate of formation is increased in some bacteria by the presence of EC 4.4.1.22.
comment: Forms part of the pathway that detoxifies formaldehyde, since the product is hydrolyzed by EC 3.1.2.12.
comment: Also specifically reduces S-nitrosylglutathione.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7798140
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8631716
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10978156
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11260719
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = H(+) + NADPH + S-formylglutathione.
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(+) + S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione = H(+) + NADH + S-formylglutathione.
type: Catalytic Activity

3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2'-deoxymugineate + NADP(+) = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 2'-deoxymugineate + NAD(+) = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2'-deoxymugineate + NADP(+) = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2'-deoxymugineate + NAD(+) = 3''-deamino-3''-oxonicotianamine + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

isocitrate--homoisocitrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: homoisocitrate--isocitrate dehydrogenase
activity: D-threo-isocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.
activity: (2R,3S)-homoisocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.1.41 and EC 1.1.1.87, this enzyme, from Pyrococcus horikoshii, can use both isocitrate and homoisocitrate as substrate.
comment: May play a role in both the lysine and glutamate biosynthesis pathways.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15845397
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-threo-isocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,3S)-homoisocitrate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoadipate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinitol dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-arabinitol dehydrogenase 1
alternative label: NADP(+)-dependent D-arabinitol dehydrogenase
activity: D-arabinitol + NADP(+) = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-arabinitol + NADP(+) = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the rust fungus Uromyces fabae can use D-arabinitol and D-mannitol as substrates in the forward direction and D-xylulose, D-ribulose and, to a lesser extent, D-fructose as substrates in the reverse direction.
comment: This enzyme carries out the reactions of both EC 1.1.1.11 and EC 1.1.1.250, but unlike them, uses NADP(+) rather than NAD(+) as cofactor.
comment: D-Arabinitol is capable of quenching reactive oxygen species involved in defense reactions of the host plant.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15796718
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinitol + NADP(+) = D-xylulose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinitol + NADP(+) = D-ribulose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

xanthoxin dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: xanthoxin oxidase
activity: 2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + NAD(+) = 2-cis-(+)-abscisic aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NADP(+) cannot replace NAD(+) and short-chain alcohols such as ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and cyclohexanol cannot replace xanthoxin as substrate.
comment: Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.2.3.14, EC 1.13.11.51 and EC 1.14.13.93.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9159947
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12172025
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin + NAD(+) = 2-cis-(+)-abscisic aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sorbose reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-sorbitol + NADP(+) = H(+) + keto-L-sorbose + NADPH.
comment: The reaction occurs predominantly in the reverse direction.
comment: This enzyme can also convert D-fructose into D-mannitol, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11790761
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16134116
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-sorbitol + NADP(+) = H(+) + keto-L-sorbose + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-O-phosphoerythronate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 4PE dehydrogenase
alternative label: erythronate-4-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD(+) = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes a step in a bacterial pathway for the biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
comment: The enzyme contains a tightly-bound NAD(H) cofactor that is not re-oxidized by free NAD(+).
comment: In order to re-oxidize the cofactor and restore enzyme activity, the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of a 2-oxo acid (such as 2-oxoglutarate, oxaloacetate, or pyruvate) to the respective (R)-hydroxy acid. cf. EC 1.1.1.399.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2121717
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2681152
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2692566
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8550422
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11844765
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD(+) = (R)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4-phosphooxybutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxymethylglutarate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-2-hydroxymethylglutarate + NAD(+) = 2-formylglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NADP(+) cannot replace NAD(+).
comment: Forms part of the nicotinate-fermentation catabolism pathway in Eubacterium barkeri.
comment: Other enzymes involved in this pathway are EC 1.17.1.5, EC 1.3.7.1, EC 3.5.2.18, EC 5.4.99.4, EC 5.3.3.6, EC 4.2.1.85 and EC 4.1.3.32.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16894175
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-2-hydroxymethylglutarate + NAD(+) = 2-formylglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase (1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase
alternative label: AFR
activity: 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP(+) = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Present in some but not all Rhizobium species.
comment: Differs from hepatic 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase, which yields 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol as the product (see EC 1.1.1.263).
comment: In Sinorhizobium morelense, the product of the reaction, 1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol, can be further metabolized to D-mannose.
comment: Also reduces 1,5-anhydro-D-erythro-hexo-2,3-diulose and 2-ketoaldoses (called osones), such as D-glucosone (D-arabino-hexos-2-ulose) and 6-deoxy-D-glucosone.
comment: Does not reduce common aldoses and ketoses, or non-sugar aldehydes and ketones.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16461673
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16906761
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1,5-anhydro-D-mannitol + NADP(+) = 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.293
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

chlorophyll(ide) b reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Chl b reductase
alternative label: chlorophyll b reductase
activity: 7(1)-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NAD(+) = chlorophyllide b + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 7(1)-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP(+) = chlorophyllide b + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 7(1)-hydroxychlorophyll a + NAD(+) = chlorophyll b + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 7(1)-hydroxychlorophyll a + NADP(+) = chlorophyll b + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Carries out the first step in the conversion of chlorophyll b to chlorophyll a.
comment: Involved in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence and it also forms part of the chlorophyll cycle, which interconverts chlorophyll a and b in response to changing light conditions.
comment: While both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are found in higher plants, only breakdown products derived from chlorophyll a are found in the end products, i.e. non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs).
comment: The transition from chlorophyll b, which contains a formyl group on C7, to chlorophyll a, which contains a methyl group on C7, proceeds through the intermediate 7(1)-hydroxychlorophyll.
comment: Another enzyme, which requires ferredoxin but has not been characterized fully, is required to complete the conversion.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8576141
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8954166
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9857045
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10502104
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16228557
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16669755
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7(1)-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NAD(+) = chlorophyllide b + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7(1)-hydroxychlorophyllide a + NADP(+) = chlorophyllide b + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7(1)-hydroxychlorophyll a + NAD(+) = chlorophyll b + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7(1)-hydroxychlorophyll a + NADP(+) = chlorophyll b + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

momilactone-A synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: momilactone A synthase
activity: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19,6beta-olide + NAD(+) = H(+) + momilactone A + NADH.
activity: 3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19,6beta-olide + NADP(+) = H(+) + momilactone A + NADPH.
comment: The rice phytoalexin momilactone A is a diterpenoid secondary metabolite that is involved in the defense mechanism of the plant.
comment: Momilactone A is produced in response to attack by a pathogen through the perception of elicitor signal molecules such as chitin oligosaccharide, or after exposure to UV irradiation.
comment: The enzyme, which catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of momilactone A, can use both NAD(+) and NADP(+) but activity is higher with NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12005050
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17872948
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19,6beta-olide + NAD(+) = H(+) + momilactone A + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxy-9beta-pimara-7,15-dien-19,6beta-olide + NADP(+) = H(+) + momilactone A + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrocarveol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: carveol dehydrogenase
activity: dihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1R,2R,4R)-dihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2S,4S)-dihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2R,4S)-neodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1R,2S,4R)-neodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1R,2S,4S)-neoisodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1R,2R,4S)-isodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2S,4R)-isodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2R,4R)-neoisodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 forms part of the carveol and dihydrocarveol degradation pathway.
comment: Accepts all eight stereoisomers of menth-8-en-2-ol as substrate, although some isomers are converted faster than others.
comment: The preferred substrates are (+)-neoisodihydrocarveol, (+)-isodihydrocarveol, (+)-dihydrocarveol and (-)-isodihydrocarveol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10832640
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,2R,4R)-dihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2S,4S)-dihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2R,4S)-neodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4S)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,2S,4R)-neodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,2S,4S)-neoisodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,2R,4S)-isodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2S,4R)-isodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2R,4R)-neoisodihydrocarveol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-isodihydrocarvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,2R,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (1R,4S)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one + H(+) + NADH.
comment: While the enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 can use both (1S,2S,4R)- and (1R,2R,4S)-menth-8-ene-1,2-diol as substrate, activity is higher with (1S,2S,4R)-menth-8-ene-1,2-diol as substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10224006
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2R,4S)-limonene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (1R,4S)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2S,4R)-limonene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-1-hydroxylimonen-2-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-hydroxypropanoate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
activity: 3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP(+) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes the reduction of 3-oxopropanoate to 3-hydroxypropanoate, a key step in the 3-hydroxypropanoate and the 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycles, autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways found in some green non-sulfur phototrophic bacteria and archaea, respectively.
comment: The enzyme from Chloroflexus aurantiacus is bifunctional, and also catalyzes the upstream reaction in the pathway, EC 1.2.1.75.
comment: Different from EC 1.1.1.59 by cofactor preference.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8354269
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11948153
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18079405
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-hydroxypropanoate + NADP(+) = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-malate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxaloacetate.
activity: (S)-malate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxaloacetate.
comment: This enzyme, which was characterized from the methanogenic archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, catalyzes only the reduction of oxaloacetate, and can use NAD(+) and NADP(+) with similar specific activity.
comment: Different from EC 1.1.1.37, EC 1.1.1.82 and EC 1.1.5.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9639601
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-malate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-malate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP-retinol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n2
alternative label: all-trans retinal reductase
alternative label: all-trans-retinol dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase
alternative label: retinol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]
activity: all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Greater catalytic efficiency in the reductive direction.
comment: This observation, and the enzyme's localization at the entrance to the mitochondrial matrix, suggest that it may function to protect mitochondria against oxidative stress associated with the highly reactive retinal produced from dietary beta-carotene by EC 1.13.11.63.
comment: Km-values for NADP(+) and NADPH are at least 800-fold lower than those for NAD(+) and NADH.
comment: This enzyme differs from EC 1.1.1.105 which prefers NAD(+) and NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9705317
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12036956
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15865448
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18039331
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

all-trans-retinol + NADP(+) = all-trans-retinal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabitol-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n10
alternative label: APDH
alternative label: D-arabitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-arabitol 5-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + NAD(+) = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme participates in arabinitol catabolism.
comment: The enzyme also converts D-arabinitol 5-phosphate to D-ribulose 5-phosphate at a lower rate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12467497
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinitol 1-phosphate + NAD(+) = D-xylulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,5-diamino-6-ribosylamino-4(3H)-pyrimidinone 5'-phosphate reductase
activity: 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + NAD(+) = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The reaction proceeds in the opposite direction.
comment: A step in riboflavin biosynthesis, NADPH and NADH function equally well as reductant.
comment: Differs from EC 1.1.1.193 since it does not catalyze the reduction of 5-amino-6-ribosylaminopyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 5'-phosphate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11889103
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16730025
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + NAD(+) = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribitylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + NADP(+) = 2,5-diamino-6-(1-D-ribosylamino)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 5'-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

diacetyl reductase [(R)-acetoin forming]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.5
alternative label: (R)-acetoin dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-acetoin + NAD(+) = diacetyl + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the reverse direction.
comment: This activity is usually associated with butanediol dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.4 or EC 1.1.1.76).
comment: While the butanediol dehydrogenase activity is reversible, diacetyl reductase activity is irreversible.
comment: This enzyme has been reported in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
comment: Different from EC 1.1.1.304.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2222122
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10938079
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-acetoin + NAD(+) = diacetyl + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

diacetyl reductase [(S)-acetoin forming]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.5
alternative label: (S)-acetoin dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-acetoin + NAD(+) = diacetyl + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the reverse direction.
comment: This activity is usually associated with butanediol dehydrogenase activity (EC 1.1.1.4 or EC 1.1.1.76).
comment: While the butanediol dehydrogenase activity is reversible, diacetyl reductase activity is irreversible.
comment: This enzyme has been reported in the bacteria Geobacillus stearothermophilus, Enterobacter aerogenes and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
comment: Different from EC 1.1.1.303.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2040298
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8879540
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-acetoin + NAD(+) = diacetyl + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-glucuronic acid oxidase (UDP-4-keto-hexauronic acid decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n1
alternative label: ArnADH
alternative label: UDP-GlcUA decarboxylase
activity: NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO2 + NADH + UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranos-4-ulose.
comment: The activity is part of a bifunctional enzyme also performing the reaction of EC 2.1.2.13.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15491143
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15695810
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15809294
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15939024
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17928292
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate = CO2 + NADH + UDP-beta-L-threo-pentopyranos-4-ulose.
type: Catalytic Activity

S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.66
alternative label: mycothiol-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD/factor-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol = H(+) + NADH + S-formylmycothiol.
comment: S-hydroxymethylmycothiol is believed to form spontaneously from formaldehyde and mycothiol.
comment: This enzyme oxidizes the product of this spontaneous reaction to S-formylmycothiol, in a reaction that is analogous to EC 1.1.1.284, S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9202149
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9346279
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12809551
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17286835
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol = H(+) + NADH + S-formylmycothiol.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-xylose reductase
alternative label: xylose reductase
activity: NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: NADP(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Xylose reductases catalyze the reduction of xylose to xylitol, the initial reaction in the fungal D-xylose degradation pathway.
comment: Most of the enzymes exhibit a strict requirement for NADPH (cf. EC 1.1.1.431).
comment: However, a few D-xylose reductases, such as those from Neurospora crassa, Yamadazyma tenuis, Scheffersomyces stipitis, and the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum, have dual coenzyme specificity, though they still prefer NADPH to NADH.
comment: Very rarely the enzyme prefers NADH (cf. EC 1.1.1.430).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3921014
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9307017
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10661866
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12653995
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15746370
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20093741
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30621365
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfopropanediol 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dihydroxypropanesulfonate 3-dehydrogenase
activity: (2R)-3-sulfopropanediol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = (2R)-3-sulfolactate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in degradation of (R)-2,3-dihydroxypropanesulfonate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20150239
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-3-sulfopropanediol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = (2R)-3-sulfolactate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphonoacetaldehyde reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phosphonoacetaldehyde.
comment: The enzyme from Streptomyces viridochromogenes catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of phosphinothricin tripeptide, the reduction of phosphonoacetaldehyde to 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate.
comment: The preferred cofactor is NADH, lower activity with NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17632514
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hydroxyethylphosphonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phosphonoacetaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-sulfolactate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (2S)-3-sulfolactate dehydrogenase
activity: (2S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(+) = 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043, acts only on the (S)-enantiomer of 3-sulfolactate.
comment: Combined with EC 1.1.1.338, it provides a racemase system that converts (2S)-3-sulfolactate to (2R)-3-sulfolactate, which is degraded further by EC 4.4.1.24.
comment: The enzyme is specific for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20007648
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(+) = 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-1-phenylethanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PED
activity: (S)-1-phenylethanol + NAD(+) = acetophenone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in degradation of ethylbenzene.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11479712
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16388583
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-1-phenylethanol + NAD(+) = acetophenone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.45
alternative label: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
activity: 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP(+) = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme does not act on unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes or glucose; NAD(+) can replace NADP(+), but with lower affinity.
comment: The enzyme was initially believed to act on 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate 6-semialdehyde and produce 4-carboxy-2-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate.
comment: However, later studies showed that the substrate is the hemiacetal form, and the product is 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26671
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/528534
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6841353
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11073908
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal + NADP(+) = 2-oxo-2H-pyran-4,6-dicarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfoacetaldehyde reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + sulfoacetaldehyde.
comment: Catalyzes the reaction only in the opposite direction.
comment: Involved in taurine degradation.
comment: The bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens strain DSM 3043 possesses two enzymes that catalyze this reaction, a constitutive enzyme (encoded by isfD2) and an inducible enzyme (encoded by isfD).
comment: The latter is induced by taurine, and is responsible for most of the activity observed in taurine-grown cells. cf. EC 1.1.1.433.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20133363
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + sulfoacetaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.314
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.14.95
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 11-cis-retinol--[retinol-binding protein] + NAD(+) = 11-cis-retinal--[retinol-binding protein] + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 11-cis-retinol + NAD(+) = 11-cis-retinal + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme, abundant in the retinal pigment epithelium, catalyzes the reduction of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal while the substrate is bound to the retinal-binding protein.
comment: This is a crucial step in the regeneration of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rhodopsin.
comment: The enzyme can also accept other cis forms of retinol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7836368
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9931293
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11675386
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12536149
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

11-cis-retinol--[retinol-binding protein] + NAD(+) = 11-cis-retinal--[retinol-binding protein] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

11-cis-retinol + NAD(+) = 11-cis-retinal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-galactose dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-GalDH
activity: L-galactose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a step in the ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway).
comment: The activity with NADP(+) is less than 10% of the activity with NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9620799
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12047629
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15509850
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19297184
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-galactose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

perakine reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + raucaffrinoline = H(+) + NADPH + perakine.
comment: The biosynthesis of raucaffrinoline from perakine is a side route of the ajmaline biosynthesis pathway.
comment: The enzyme is a member of the aldo-keto reductase enzyme superfamily from higher plants.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17142919
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18409028
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + raucaffrinoline = H(+) + NADPH + perakine.
type: Catalytic Activity

eugenol synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: EGS2
activity: a carboxylate + eugenol + NADP(+) = a coniferyl ester + NADPH.
activity: acetate + eugenol + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferyl acetate + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme acts in the opposite direction.
comment: The enzymes from the plants Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil), Clarkia breweri and Petunia hybrida only accept coniferyl acetate and form eugenol.
comment: The enzyme from Pimpinella anisum (anise) forms anol (from 4-coumaryl acetate) in vivo, although the recombinant enzyme can form eugenol from coniferyl acetate.
comment: The enzyme from Larrea tridentata (creosote bush) also forms chavicol from a coumaryl ester and can use NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16782809
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17624297
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17912370
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18208524
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18987218
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a carboxylate + eugenol + NADP(+) = a coniferyl ester + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acetate + eugenol + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferyl acetate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

isoeugenol synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: T-anol/isoeugenol synthase 1
activity: (E)-isoeugenol + acetate + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferyl acetate + NADPH.
activity: (E)-anol + acetate + NADP(+) = (E)-coumaryl acetate + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme acts in the opposite direction.
comment: In Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil), Clarkia breweri, and Petunia hybrida only isoeugenol is formed.
comment: However in Pimpinella anisum (anise) only anol is formed in vivo, although the cloned enzyme does produce isoeugenol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16782809
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18208524
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18987218
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(E)-isoeugenol + acetate + NADP(+) = (E)-coniferyl acetate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-anol + acetate + NADP(+) = (E)-coumaryl acetate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

benzil reductase [(S)-benzoin forming]
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n7
activity: (S)-benzoin + NADP(+) = benzil + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-propanone + NADP(+) = 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme also reduces 1-phenylpropane-1,2-dione.
comment: The enzyme from Bacillus cereus in addition reduces 1,4-naphthoquinone and 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-phenylethane-1,2-dione with high efficiency.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11745140
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11796169
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-benzoin + NADP(+) = benzil + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxy-1-phenyl-1-propanone + NADP(+) = 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

benzil reductase [(R)-benzoin forming]
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-benzoin + NADP(+) = benzil + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Xanthomonas oryzae is able to reduce enantioselectively only one of the two carbonyl groups of benzil to give optically active (R)-benzoin.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-benzoin + NADP(+) = benzil + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(-)-endo-fenchol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1S,2S,4R)-endo-fenchol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-fenchone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2S,4R)-endo-fenchol + NADP(+) = (1S,4R)-fenchone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Isolated from the plant Foeniculum vulgare (fennel).
comment: NADH is slightly preferred to NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,2S,4R)-endo-fenchol + NAD(+) = (1S,4R)-fenchone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2S,4R)-endo-fenchol + NADP(+) = (1S,4R)-fenchone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(+)-thujan-3-ol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-3-thujanol dehydrogenase
activity: (+)-thujan-3-ol + NADP(+) = (+)-thujan-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (+)-thujan-3-ol + NAD(+) = (+)-thujan-3-one + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Isolated from the plant Tanacetum vulgare (tansy).
comment: NADH is preferred to NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(+)-thujan-3-ol + NADP(+) = (+)-thujan-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(+)-thujan-3-ol + NAD(+) = (+)-thujan-3-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

8-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 8-hydroxygeraniol oxidoreductase
alternative label: CYP76B10
activity: (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + 2 NADP(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol to (6E)-8-oxogeranial via either (6E)-8-hydroxygeranial or (6E)-8-oxogeraniol.
comment: Also acts on geraniol, nerol and citronellol.
comment: May be identical to EC 1.1.1.183.
comment: The recommended numbering of geraniol gives 8-hydroxygeraniol as the substrate rather than 10-hydroxygeraniol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1864846
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7726550
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol + 2 NADP(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sepiapterin reductase (L-threo-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: L-threo-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + sepiapterin.
activity: L-threo-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: This enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Chlorobium tepidum, catalyzes the final step in the de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin from GTP. cf. EC 1.1.1.153.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10333495
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16510994
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-threo-7,8-dihydrobiopterin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + sepiapterin.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-threo-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

zerumbone synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 10-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + zerumbone.
comment: The enzyme was cloned from shampoo ginger, Zingiber zerumbet.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21668645
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

10-hydroxy-alpha-humulene + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + zerumbone.
type: Catalytic Activity

5-exo-hydroxycamphor dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,4R,5R)-5-hydroxycamphor + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-bornane-2,5-dione + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Isolated from Pseudomonas putida, and involved in degradation of (+)-camphor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2613690
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4351810
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8334169
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,4R,5R)-5-hydroxycamphor + NAD(+) = (1R,4R)-bornane-2,5-dione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

nicotine blue oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3,3'-bipyridine-2,2',5,5',6,6'-hexol + NADP(+) = (E)-2,2',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-6H,6'H-(3,3'-bipyridinylidene)-6,6'-dione + 3 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 3,3'-bipyridine-2,2',5,5',6,6'-hexol + NAD(+) = (E)-2,2',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-6H,6'H-(3,3'-bipyridinylidene)-6,6'-dione + 3 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the nicotine degrading bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, catalyzes the reduction of 'nicotine blue' to its hydroquinone form (the opposite direction from that shown).
comment: Nicotine blue is the name given to the compound formed by the autocatalytic condensation of two molecules of 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine, an intermediate in the nicotine degradation pathway.
comment: The main role of the enzyme may be to prevent the intracellular formation of nicotine blue semiquinone radicals, which by redox cycling would lead to the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species.
comment: The enzyme possesses a slight preference for NADH over NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17293530
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3,3'-bipyridine-2,2',5,5',6,6'-hexol + NADP(+) = (E)-2,2',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-6H,6'H-(3,3'-bipyridinylidene)-6,6'-dione + 3 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3,3'-bipyridine-2,2',5,5',6,6'-hexol + NAD(+) = (E)-2,2',5,5'-tetrahydroxy-6H,6'H-(3,3'-bipyridinylidene)-6,6'-dione + 3 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + NADP(+) = 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + NAD(+) = 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several clinically important aminocyclitol antibiotics, including kanamycin, neomycin and ribostamycin. cf. EC 1.1.99.38.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16506694
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19466609
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + NADP(+) = 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + NAD(+) = 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n13
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/2.3.1.119
alternative label: very-long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
alternative label: very-long-chain beta-ketoacyl-CoA reductase
activity: a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The second component of the elongase, a microsomal protein complex responsible for extending palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA (and modified forms thereof) to very-long-chain acyl CoAs.
comment: The enzyme is active with substrates with chain length of C16 to C34, depending on the species. cf. EC 2.3.1.199, EC 4.2.1.134 and EC 1.3.1.93.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11792704
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12087109
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19439572
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a very-long-chain (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

secoisolariciresinol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (-)-secoisolariciresinol + 2 NAD(+) = (-)-matairesinol + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
comment: Isolated from the plants Forsythia intermedia and Podophyllum peltatum.
comment: An intermediate lactol is detected in vitro.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11278426
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15653677
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16493463
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(-)-secoisolariciresinol + 2 NAD(+) = (-)-matairesinol + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

chanoclavine-I dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: chanoclavine-I + NAD(+) = chanoclavine-I aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a step in the pathway of ergot alkaloid biosynthesis in certain fungi.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20039019
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22403186
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

chanoclavine-I + NAD(+) = chanoclavine-I aldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

decaprenylphospho-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosid-2-ulose 2-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose 2'-epimerase
activity: NAD(+) + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-arabinofuranose = H(+) + NADH + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosid-2-ulose.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the reverse direction.
comment: The enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis, is involved, along with EC 1.1.98.3, in the epimerization of trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose to trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-arabinoofuranose, the arabinosyl donor for the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall arabinan polymers.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22188377
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-arabinofuranose = H(+) + NADH + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosid-2-ulose.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylecgonone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: ecgonine methyl ester + NADP(+) = ecgonone methyl ester + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the plant Erythroxylum coca catalyzes the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of cocaine.
comment: In vivo the reaction proceeds in the opposite direction.
comment: With NADH instead of NADPH the reaction rate is reduced to 14%.
comment: The enzyme also reduces tropinone, nortropinone and 6-hydroxytropinone but with lower reaction rates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22665766
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

ecgonine methyl ester + NADP(+) = ecgonone methyl ester + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-N-acetyl-2-amino-2-deoxyglucuronate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + UDP-N-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate = H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate.
comment: This enzyme participates in the biosynthetic pathway for UDP-alpha-D-ManNAc3NAcA (UDP-2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannuronic acid), an important precursor of B-band lipopolysaccharide.
comment: The enzymes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype O5 and Thermus thermophilus form a complex with the the enzyme catalyzing the next step the pathway (EC 2.6.1.98).
comment: The enzyme also possesses an EC 1.1.99.2 activity, and utilizes the 2-oxoglutarate produced by EC 2.6.1.98 to regenerate the tightly bound NAD(+).
comment: The enzymes from Bordetella pertussis and Chromobacterium violaceum do not bind NAD(+) as tightly and do not require 2-oxoglutarate to function.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19282284
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19348502
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20690587
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21241053
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + UDP-N-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucuronate = H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribo-hex-3-uluronate.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n3
alternative label: UDP-ManNAc 6-dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminouronate.
comment: Part of the pathway for acetamido sugar biosynthesis in bacteria and archaea.
comment: The enzyme has no activity with NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18263721
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + 2 NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosamine = 3 H(+) + 2 NADH + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-mannosaminouronate.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-sulfolactate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
alternative label: L-sulfolactate dehydrogenase
activity: a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(+) = 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii acts on multiple L-2-hydroxycarboxylates including (2R)-3-sulfolactate, (S)-malate, (S)-lactate, and (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate.
comment: Note that (2R)-3-sulfolactate has the same stereo configuration as (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10850983
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11451450
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12013276
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15758220
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-3-sulfolactate + NAD(+) = 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-3-sulfolactate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-sulfolactate dehydrogenase
activity: (2R)-3-sulfolactate + NADP(+) = 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens can only utilize NADP(+).
comment: It functions both biosynthetically in coenzyme M biosynthesis and degradatively, in the degradation of sulfolactate.
comment: It can not use (S)-malate and (S)-lactate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20007648
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-3-sulfolactate + NADP(+) = 3-sulfopyruvate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme has been characterized from the bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, in which it participates in the biosynthesis of the serotype c-specific polysaccharide antigen.
comment: Shows no activity with NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10702238
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-deoxy-11beta-hydroxypentalenate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1-deoxy-11beta-hydroxypentalenic acid dehydrogenase
activity: 1-deoxy-11beta-hydroxypentalenate + NAD(+) = 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and present in many other Streptomyces species.
comment: Part of the pathway for pentalenolactone biosynthesis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17178094
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1-deoxy-11beta-hydroxypentalenate + NAD(+) = 1-deoxy-11-oxopentalenate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

CDP-abequose synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: CDP-alpha-D-abequose + NADP(+) = CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Isolated from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Salmonella enterica.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1724263
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2793832
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8071227
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CDP-alpha-D-abequose + NADP(+) = CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

CDP-paratose synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: CDP-alpha-D-paratose + NADP(+) = CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in synthesis of paratose and tyvelose, unusual 3,6-dideoxyhexose sugars that form part of the O-antigen in the lipopolysaccharides of several enteric bacteria.
comment: Isolated from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2793833
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9538012
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CDP-alpha-D-paratose + NADP(+) = CDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (NAD(+)-dependent, decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6-PGDH
activity: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADH.
comment: Highly specific for NAD(+).
comment: The enzyme catalyzes both the oxidation and decarboxylation of 6-phospho-D-gluconate.
comment: In the bacterium Methylobacillus flagellatus the enzyme participates in a formaldehyde oxidation pathway. cf. EC 1.1.1.44.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10658669
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15231785
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16233677
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-6-deoxy-L-talose 4-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme works equally well with NAD(+) and NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20667525
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-6-deoxy-beta-L-talose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-beta-L-rhamnose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-2-hydroxyisocaproate dehydrogenase
activity: a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzymes, characterized from bacteria (Peptoclostridium difficile, Enterococcus faecalis and from lactic acid bacteria) prefer substrates with a main chain of 5 carbons (such as 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate) to those with a shorter chain.
comment: It also utilizes phenylpyruvate.
comment: The enzyme from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei prefers substrates with a main chain of 3-4 carbons (pyruvate and 2-oxobutanoate). cf. EC 1.1.1.272.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9126843
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11120357
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16957230
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18391442
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19047348
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23954635
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,5-didehydrogluconate reductase (2-dehydro-L-gulonate-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate-reductase
activity: 2-dehydro-L-idonate + NADP(+) = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in ketogluconate metabolism, and catalyzes the reaction in vivo in the reverse direction to that shown.
comment: It is used in the commercial microbial production of ascorbate. cf. EC 1.1.1.274.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3597405
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9618487
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10427017
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-L-idonate + NADP(+) = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

geraniol dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n14
alternative label: GeDH
activity: (2E)-geraniol + NAD(+) = (2E)-geranial + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Castellaniella defragrans is most active in vitro with perillyl alcohol.
comment: The enzyme from the prune mite Carpoglyphus lactis also acts (more slowly) on farnesol but not on nerol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18422649
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22286981
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2E)-geraniol + NAD(+) = (2E)-geranial + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.246
alternative label: vestitone reductase
activity: a (3R,4R)-4,2'-dihydroxyisoflavan + NADP(+) = a (3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (3R,4R)-7,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol + NADP(+) = (3R)-vestitone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This plant enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of the pterocarpan phytoalexins medicarpin, maackiain, and several forms of glyceollin.
comment: The enzyme has a strict stereo specificity for the 3R-isoflavanones.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7625843
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7805842
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8071365
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17433362
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3R,4R)-4,2'-dihydroxyisoflavan + NADP(+) = a (3R)-2'-hydroxyisoflavanone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R,4R)-7,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol + NADP(+) = (3R)-vestitone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

norsolorinic acid ketoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1'S)-averantin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + norsolorinic acid.
comment: Involved in the synthesis of aflatoxins in the fungus Aspergillus parasiticus.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8368836
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10584035
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1'S)-averantin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + norsolorinic acid.
type: Catalytic Activity

ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(+) = H(+) + N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine + NADH.
comment: Involved in catabolism of purines.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli is specific for NAD(+). cf. EC 1.1.1.154.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10601204
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23284870
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-ureidoglycolate + NAD(+) = H(+) + N-carbamoyl-2-oxoglycine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphogluconate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)-dependent, decarboxylating]
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADH.
activity: 6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, whose main purpose is to produce reducing power and pentose for biosynthetic reactions.
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.1.44, it is not specific for NADP(+) and can accept both cofactors with similar efficiency. cf. EC 1.1.1.343.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6402366
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7350909
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8579362
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NAD(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-phospho-D-gluconate + NADP(+) = CO2 + D-ribulose 5-phosphate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5'-hydroxyaverantin dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: HAVN dehydrogenase
activity: (1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + NAD(+) = (S)-5'-oxoaverantin + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1'S,5'R)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + NAD(+) = (S)-5'-oxoaverantin + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Isolated from the aflatoxin-producing mold Aspergillus parasiticus.
comment: Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis.
comment: 5'-oxoaverantin will spontaneously form averufin by intramolecular ketalisation. cf. EC 4.2.1.142.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11055914
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14602595
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1'S,5'S)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + NAD(+) = (S)-5'-oxoaverantin + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1'S,5'R)-5'-hydroxyaverantin + NAD(+) = (S)-5'-oxoaverantin + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

versiconal hemiacetal acetate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: VHA reductase
activity: (2S)-versicolorone + NADP(+) = 1'-hydroxyversicolorone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (3S)-versiconol acetate + NADP(+) = (2S,3S)-versiconal hemiacetal acetate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (S)-versiconol + NADP(+) = (2S-3S)-versiconal hemiacetal + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Isolated from the mold Aspergillus parasiticus.
comment: Involved in a metabolic grid that leads to aflatoxin biosynthesis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16349333
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19211038
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-versicolorone + NADP(+) = 1'-hydroxyversicolorone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3S)-versiconol acetate + NADP(+) = (2S,3S)-versiconal hemiacetal acetate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-versiconol + NADP(+) = (2S-3S)-versiconal hemiacetal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

farnesol dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD(+)-farnesol dehydrogenase
activity: (2E,6E)-farnesol + NAD(+) = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the prune mite Carpoglyphus lactis also acts on geraniol with greater activity (cf. 1.1.1.347).
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.1.216, this enzyme cannot use NADP(+) as cofactor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18422649
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2E,6E)-farnesol + NAD(+) = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2'-dehydrokanamycin reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2'-dehydrokanamycin A + H(+) + NADPH = kanamycin A + NADP(+).
comment: Found in the bacterium Streptomyces kanamyceticus where it is involved in the conversion of kanamycin B to kanamycin A.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22374809
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2'-dehydrokanamycin A + H(+) + NADPH = kanamycin A + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-L-colitose synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: GDP-beta-L-colitose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: GDP-beta-L-colitose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of L-colitose, a 3,6-dideoxyhexose found in the O-antigen of Gram-negative lipopolysaccharides, where it catalyzes the reaction in the reverse direction.
comment: The enzyme also performs the NAD(P)H-dependent epimerisation at C-5 of the sugar.
comment: The enzyme from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is Si-specific with respect to NAD(P)H.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15610039
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

GDP-beta-L-colitose + NADP(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GDP-beta-L-colitose + NAD(+) = GDP-4-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-mannose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxysteroid 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme acts on multiple 3alpha-hydroxysteroids, such as androsterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone.
comment: The mammalian enzymes are involved in inactivation of steroid hormones, while the bacterial enzymes are involved in steroid degradation.
comment: This entry stands for enzymes whose stereo-specificity with respect to NAD(+) or NADP(+) is not known (cf. EC 1.1.1.50 and EC 1.1.1.213).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7650035
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8172617
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8944761
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9812981
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11514561
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 3alpha-hydroxysteroid + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydropantolactone reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase
alternative label: 2-ketopantoyl lactone reductase
alternative label: 2-oxopantoyl lactone reductase
alternative label: ketopantoyl lactone reductase
activity: (R)-pantolactone + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantolactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in an alternative pathway for biosynthesis of (R)-pantothenate (vitamin B5).
comment: This entry covers enzymes whose stereo specificity for NADP(+) is not known (cf. EC 1.1.1.168 and EC 1.1.1.214).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2644973
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-pantolactone + NADP(+) = 2-dehydropantolactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: an aldopyranose + NADP(+) = aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: an aldopyranose + NAD(+) = aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-galactose + NAD(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: D-xylose + NAD(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: D-xylose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus shows broad specificity toward aldoses (D-glucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, 6-deoxy-D-glucose, D-fucose) and can utilize NAD(+) and NADP(+) with similar catalytic efficiency.
comment: It is involved in aldose catabolism via the branched variant of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2803257
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3827812
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12824170
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16508107
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16556607
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21265750
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aldopyranose + NADP(+) = aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

an aldopyranose + NAD(+) = aldono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glucose + NAD(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-galactose + NAD(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose + NAD(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose/galactose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dual-specific glucose/galactose dehydrogenase
alternative label: glucose/galactose dehydrogenase
alternative label: glucose (galactose) dehydrogenase
activity: D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Picrophilus torridus is involved in glucose and galactose catabolism via the nonphosphorylative variant of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
comment: It shows 20-fold higher activity with NADP(+) compared to NAD(+).
comment: The oxidation of D-glucose and D-galactose is catalyzed at a comparable rate (cf. EC 1.1.1.119 and EC 1.1.1.120).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15691337
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16556607
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose + NADP(+) = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-galactose + NADP(+) = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose-6-phosphate 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, found in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is involved in a kanosamine biosynthesis pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23586652
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aklaviketone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: aklavinone + NADP(+) = aklaviketone + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the aklavinone aglycone, a common precursor for several anthracycline antibiotics including aclacinomycins, daunorubicin and doxorubicin.
comment: The enzyme from the Gram-negative bacterium Streptomyces sp. C5 produces daunomycin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8655529
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

aklavinone + NADP(+) = aklaviketone + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: G6PD
alternative label: G6PDH
alternative label: Glc6PD
activity: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a step of the pentose phosphate pathway.
comment: The enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides prefers NADP(+) while the enzyme from the Gram-negative bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus prefers NAD(+). cf. EC 1.1.1.49 and EC 1.1.1.388.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1304341
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4396688
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8179320
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9485426
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose 6-phosphate + NADP(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-gulose 4-ketoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxygulose reductase
activity: dTDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + H(+) + NADH.
activity: dTDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme forms an activated deoxy-alpha-D-allose, which is converted to mycinose after attachment to the aglycones of several macrolide antibiotics, including tylosin, chalcomycin, dihydrochalcomycin, and mycinamicin II.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10510490
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12583909
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17053005
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23116432
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + NAD(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + NADP(+) = dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-allose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-galacturonate reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n9
alternative label: GalUR
activity: L-galactonate + NADP(+) = aldehydo-D-galacturonate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from plants is involved in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) biosynthesis.
comment: The enzyme from the fungus Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina) is involved in a eukaryotic degradation pathway of D-galacturonate.
comment: It is also active with D-glucuronate and glyceraldehyde.
comment: Neither enzyme shows any activity with NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12524550
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13363799
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16101307
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18768163
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-galactonate + NADP(+) = aldehydo-D-galacturonate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n8
activity: L-idonate + NAD(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the catabolism of ascorbate (vitamin C) to tartrate.
comment: No activity is observed with NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.264).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16567629
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-idonate + NAD(+) = 5-dehydro-D-gluconate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-beta-L-arabino-hexul-4-ose reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: H(+) + NADPH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hex-4-ulose = NADP(+) + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-talose.
activity: H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hex-4-ulose = NAD(+) + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-talose.
comment: Part of the biosynthesis of UDP-N-acetyl-L-fucosamine.
comment: Isolated from the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12464616
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15778500
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18540063
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H(+) + NADPH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hex-4-ulose = NADP(+) + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-talose.
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-arabino-hex-4-ulose = NAD(+) + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-talose.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the central benzoyl-CoA degradation pathway of some anaerobic bacteria such as Thauera aromatica.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10406950
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 6-oxocyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-chiro-inositol 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.1.1.n6
alternative label: DCI 1-dehydrogenase
activity: 1D-chiro-inositol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + scyllo-inosine.
comment: The enzyme, found in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, also catalyzes the reaction of EC 1.1.1.18 and can also use D-glucose and D-xylose.
comment: It shows trace activity with D-ribose and D-fructose.
comment: It is part of a myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol degradation pathway leading to acetyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/112095
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16461681
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1D-chiro-inositol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + scyllo-inosine.
type: Catalytic Activity

scyllo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + scyllo-inositol = H(+) + NADH + scyllo-inosose.
comment: The enzyme, found in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, has no activity with NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.371).
comment: It is part of a scyllo-inositol degradation pathway leading to acetyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20133360
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + scyllo-inositol = H(+) + NADH + scyllo-inosose.
type: Catalytic Activity

scyllo-inositol 2-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + scyllo-inositol = H(+) + NADPH + scyllo-inosose.
comment: The enzyme, found in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, has no activity with NAD(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.370).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20133360
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + scyllo-inositol = H(+) + NADPH + scyllo-inosose.
type: Catalytic Activity

D/L-glyceraldehyde reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: glycerol + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH.
activity: glycerol + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme takes part in a D-galacturonate degradation pathway in the fungi Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina).
comment: It has equal activity with D- and L-glyceraldehyde, and can also reduce glyoxal and methylglyoxal.
comment: The reaction is only observed in the direction of glyceraldehyde reduction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16930134
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18768163
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycerol + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol + NADP(+) = D-glyceraldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfolactaldehyde 3-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S)-3-sulfopropanediol + NAD(+) = (2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Escherichia coli, is involved in the degradation pathway of sulfoquinovose, the polar headgroup of sulfolipids found in the photosynthetic membranes of all higher plants, mosses, ferns, algae, and most photosynthetic bacteria, as well as the surface layer of some archaea.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24463506
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-3-sulfopropanediol + NAD(+) = (2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-3-dehydro-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18634748
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine = H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-3-dehydro-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-2-hydroxycarboxylate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: lactate/malate dehydrogenase
activity: a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NADP(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii catalyzes the reversible oxidation of (2R)-3-sulfolactate and (S)-malate to 3-sulfopyruvate and oxaloacetate, respectively (note that (2R)-3-sulfolactate has the same stereochemical configuration as (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylates).
comment: The enzyme can use both NADH and NADPH, although activity is higher with NADPH.
comment: The oxidation of (2R)-3-sulfolactate was observed only in the presence of NADP(+).
comment: The same organism also possesses an NAD(+)-specific enzyme with similar activity, cf. EC 1.1.1.337.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10850983
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10998181
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11292347
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + NADP(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-arabino-aldose dehydrogenase
activity: alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
activity: alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
comment: The enzymes from the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense and the archaeon Haloferax volcanii are part of the L-arabinose degradation pathway and prefer NADP(+) over NAD(+).
comment: In vitro the enzyme from Azospirillum brasilense shows also high catalytic efficiency with D-galactose.
comment: The enzyme is specific for alpha-L-arabinopyranose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16326697
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23949136
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25236800
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

alpha-L-arabinopyanose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-arabinono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: L-rhamnofuranose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum is part of the non-phosphorylative degradation pathway for L-rhamnose.
comment: The enzyme differs in cofactor specificity from EC 1.1.1.173, which is specific for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22481639
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-rhamnofuranose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-rhamnose 1-dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: L-rhamnofuranose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
activity: L-rhamnofuranose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, which occurs in the bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii and Sphingomonas sp. SKA58, is part of the non-phosphorylative degradation pathway for L-rhamnose.
comment: The enzyme differs in cofactor specificity from EC 1.1.1.173, which is specific for NAD(+) and EC 1.1.1.377.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18505728
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19187228
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-rhamnofuranose + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-rhamnofuranose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-rhamnono-1,4-lactone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-mandelate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-mandelate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-mandelate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phenylglyoxylate.
comment: The enzyme, found in bacteria and fungi, can also accept a number of substituted mandelate derivatives, such as 3-hydroxymandelate, 4-hydroxymandelate, 2-methoxymandelate, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelate and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxymandelate.
comment: The enzyme has no activity with (S)-mandelate (cf. EC 1.1.99.31).
comment: The enzyme transfers the pro-R hydrogen from NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1731758
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-mandelate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phenylglyoxylate.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-gulonate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-gulonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-fructuronate + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Halomonas elongata, participates in a pathway for L-gulonate degradation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6993236
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25145794
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-gulonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-fructuronate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-allo-threonine + NADP(+) = aminoacetone + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, purified from the bacterium Escherichia coli and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, shows activity with a range of 3- and 4-carbon 3-hydroxy acids.
comment: The highest activity is seen with L-allo-threonine and D-threonine.
comment: The enzyme from E. coli also shows high activity with L-serine, D-serine, (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate and (R)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate.
comment: The enzyme has no activity with NAD(+) or L-threonine (cf. EC 1.1.1.103).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12535615
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-allo-threonine + NADP(+) = aminoacetone + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Thermacetogenium phaeum and Desulfococcus oleovorans and from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus, is specific for NADH (cf. EC 1.1.1.86 and EC 1.1.1.383).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25172159
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ketol-acid reductoisomerase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Hydrogenobaculum sp. and Syntrophomonas wolfei subsp. wolfei and from the archaea Metallosphaera sedula and Ignisphaera aggregans, can use both NADH and NADPH with similar efficiency (cf. EC 1.1.1.86 and EC 1.1.1.382).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25172159
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (2S)-2-acetolactate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dTDP-3,4-didehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose 3-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dTDP-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose 3-oxidoreductase
alternative label: dTDP-4-keto-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose 3-oxidoreductase
activity: dTDP-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADP(+) = dTDP-3,4-didehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of several deoxysugars, including L-digitoxose, L- and D-olivose, L-oliose, D-mycarose and forosamine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11932454
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18345667
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21598943
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dTDP-4-dehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + NADP(+) = dTDP-3,4-didehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydroanticapsin 7-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-dihydroanticapsin + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-anticapsin + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, is involved in the biosynthesis of the nonribosomally synthesized dipeptide antibiotic bacilysin, composed of L-alanine and L-anticapsin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23317005
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-dihydroanticapsin + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-anticapsin + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ipsdienol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: IDOLDH
activity: (4R)-ipsdienol + NADP(+) = H(+) + ipsdienone + NADPH.
activity: (4R)-ipsdienol + NAD(+) = H(+) + ipsdienone + NADH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in pheromone production by the pine engraver beetle, Ips pini.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22101251
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(4R)-ipsdienol + NADP(+) = H(+) + ipsdienone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(4R)-ipsdienol + NAD(+) = H(+) + ipsdienone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-serine 3-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: L-serine + NAD(+) = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, purified from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, also shows activity with L-threonine (cf. EC 1.1.1.103).
comment: The enzyme has only very low activity with NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.1.1.276).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22128181
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-serine + NAD(+) = aminoacetaldehyde + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Glc6PDH
activity: D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a step of the pentose phosphate pathway.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Haloferax volcanii is specific for NAD(+). cf. EC 1.1.1.363 and EC 1.1.1.49.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25836736
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose 6-phosphate + NAD(+) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-galactonate + NAD(+) = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from agarose-degrading bacteria, is involved in a degradation pathway for 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose, a major component of the polysaccharides of red macroalgae.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-galactonate + NAD(+) = 3-deoxy-D-glycero-2,5-hexodiulosonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfoquinovose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-sulfo-D-quinovose + NAD(+) = 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida SQ1, participates in a sulfoquinovose degradation pathway.
comment: Activity with NADP(+) is only 4% of that with NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26195800
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-sulfo-D-quinovose + NAD(+) = 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxycholanate 3-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
activity: 3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADH = isolithocholate + NAD(+).
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved, along with EC 1.1.1.52 or EC 1.1.1.392, in the modification of secondary bile acids to form 3beta-bile acids (also known as iso-bile acids).
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the reaction in the reduction direction in vivo.
comment: Also acts on related 3-oxo bile acids. cf. 1.1.1.393.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2752021
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2764572
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26192599
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADH = isolithocholate + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxycholanate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-hydroxy-cholanate dehydrogenase
activity: lithocholate + NADP(+) = 3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved in the modification of secondary bile acids to form 3beta-bile acids (also known as iso-bile acids) via a 3-oxo intermediate.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a reversible reaction in vitro.
comment: Also acts on related bile acids. cf. EC 1.1.1.52.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26192599
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

lithocholate + NADP(+) = 3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxycholanate 3-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
activity: 3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADPH = isolithocholate + NADP(+).
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved, along with EC 1.1.1.52 or EC 1.1.1.392, in the modification of secondary bile acids to form 3beta-bile acids (also known as iso-bile acids).
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the reaction in the reduction direction in vivo.
comment: Also acts on related 3-oxo bile acids. cf. EC 1.1.1.391.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3458705
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26192599
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oate + H(+) + NADPH = isolithocholate + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

aurachin B dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: aurachin B + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-3,4-dihydroquinoline 1-oxide + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca catalyzes the final step in the conversion of aurachin C to aurachin B.
comment: In vivo the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-4-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1-oxide to form 2-methyl-1-oxo-4-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-3,4-dihydroquinoline-3,4-diol (note that the reactions written above proceed from right to left), which then undergoes a spontaneous dehydration to form aurachin B.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22907798
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

aurachin B + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxo-[(2E,6E)-farnesyl]-3,4-dihydroquinoline 1-oxide + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3alpha-hydroxybile acid CoA 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.6
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.98.1
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.99.5
activity: a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD(+) = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: choloyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: deoxycholoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: lithocholoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved in the 7-dehydroxylation process associated with bile acid degradation.
comment: The enzyme has very little activity with unconjugated bile acid substrates.
comment: It has similar activity with choloyl-CoA, chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA, deoxycholoyl-CoA, and lithocholoyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7766153
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23836456
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3alpha-hydroxy bile acid CoA + NAD(+) = a 3-oxo bile acid CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

choloyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

deoxycholoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

lithocholoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

bacteriochlorophyllide-a dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-deacetyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)bacteriochlorophyllide a + NAD(+) = bacteriochlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 3-devinyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)chlorophyllide a + NAD(+) = 3-acetyl-3-devinylchlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, together with EC 1.3.7.15 and EC 4.2.1.165, is involved in the conversion of chlorophyllide a to bacteriochlorophyllide a.
comment: The enzymes can act in multiple orders, resulting in the formation of different intermediates, but the final product of the cumulative action of the three enzymes is always bacteriochlorophyllide a.
comment: The enzyme oxidizes a hydroxyl group on ring A, converting it to an oxo group.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2555268
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8437569
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26088139
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-deacetyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)bacteriochlorophyllide a + NAD(+) = bacteriochlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-devinyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)chlorophyllide a + NAD(+) = 3-acetyl-3-devinylchlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

beta-methylindole-3-pyruvate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-3-(indol-3-yl)butanoate + NAD(+) = (R)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces griseus, participates in the biosynthesis of indolmycin, an antibacterial drug that inhibits the bacterial EC 6.1.1.2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25730866
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S,3R)-2-hydroxy-3-(indol-3-yl)butanoate + NAD(+) = (R)-3-(indol-3-yl)-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-glutathionyl-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-hydroxy-3-glutathionyl-3-methylbut-1-ene dehydrogenase
activity: 2-glutathionyl-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = 2-glutathionyl-2-methylbut-3-enoate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Rhodococcus sp. AD45, is involved in isoprene degradation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10094686
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-glutathionyl-2-methylbut-3-en-1-ol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = 2-glutathionyl-2-methylbut-3-enoate + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxoglutarate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a reversible reaction.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Peptoniphilus asaccharolyticus is specific for (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate.
comment: The SerA enzyme from Escherichia coli can also accept (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate with a much higher Km, and also catalyzes the activity of EC 1.1.1.95.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4338318
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4396793
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8550422
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-methyl-1,2-propanediol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-methylpropane-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved in the degradation pathways of the alkene 2-methylpropene and the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a widely occurring groundwater contaminant.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16622053
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25576605
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-methylpropane-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate dehydrogenase
activity: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + NAD(+) = 2,4-didehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Sphingomonas sp. SKA58 and Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, is involved in the non-phosphorylative degradation pathway for L-rhamnose.
comment: It does not show any detectable activity with NADP(+) or with other aldoses.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19187228
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25617114
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + NAD(+) = 2,4-didehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-erythritol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-erythritol 1-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-erythrulose 1-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the pathogenic bacterium Brucella abortus, which causes brucellosis in livestock, participates in erythritol catabolism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/163226
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10708387
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25453104
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-erythritol 1-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-erythrulose 1-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-threitol dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: D-threitol + NAD(+) = D-erythrulose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis, participates in the degradation of D-threitol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26560079
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-threitol + NAD(+) = D-erythrulose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

tetrachlorobenzoquinone reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: TCBQ reductase
activity: 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + H(+) + NAD(+) = 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Sphingobium chlorophenolicum, participates in the degradation of pentachlorophenol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19325743
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23676275
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,3,5,6-tetrachlorohydroquinone + H(+) + NAD(+) = 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

ribitol-5-phosphate 2-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-ribulose 5-phosphate reductase
alternative label: ribulose-5-phosphate reductase
alternative label: ribulose-5-P reductase
activity: D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized in bacteria, is specific for NADP.
comment: It is part of the synthesis pathway of CDP-ribitol.
comment: In Haemophilus influenzae it is part of a multifunctional enzyme also catalyzing EC 2.7.7.40. cf. EC 1.1.1.137.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11305920
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15362865
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18556787
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19074383
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-ribitol 5-phosphate + NADP(+) = D-ribulose 5-phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactitol 2-dehydrogenase (L-tagatose-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: galactitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-L-tagatose + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized in the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides has a wide substrate specificity.
comment: In addition to galactitol, it primarily oxidizes D-threitol and xylitol, and in addition to L-tagatose, it primarily reduces L-erythrulose, D-ribulose and L-glyceraldehyde.
comment: It is specific for NAD(+).
comment: The enzyme does show activity with D-tagatose (cf. EC 1.1.1.16).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7551050
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20410293
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

galactitol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-L-tagatose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-altritol 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-altritol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagatose + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized in Agrobacterium fabrum C58, also has low activity with D-mannitol and D-arabitol.
comment: It is part of a D-altritol degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26472925
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-altritol + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagatose + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-phospho-D-threonate 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-O-phospho-D-threonate + NAD(+) = CO2 + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from bacteria, is involved in a pathway for D-threonate catabolism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27402745
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-O-phospho-D-threonate + NAD(+) = CO2 + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-phospho-D-erythronate 3-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD(+) = CO2 + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from bacteria, is involved in a pathway for D-erythronate catabolism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27402745
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-phospho-D-erythronate + NAD(+) = CO2 + dihydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-erythronate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-erythronate + NAD(+) = 2-dehydro-D-erythronate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from bacteria, is involved in D-erythronate catabolism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27402745
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-erythronate + NAD(+) = 2-dehydro-D-erythronate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-threonate 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-threonate + NAD(+) = 2-dehydro-L-erythronate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from bacteria, is involved in L-threonate catabolism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27402745
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-threonate + NAD(+) = 2-dehydro-L-erythronate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-alkyl-3-oxoalkanoate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a (2R,3S)-2-alkyl-3-hydroxyalkanoate + NADP(+) = an (R)-2-alkyl-3-oxoalkanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, found in certain bacterial species, is part of a pathway for the production of olefins.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21958090
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2R,3S)-2-alkyl-3-hydroxyalkanoate + NADP(+) = an (R)-2-alkyl-3-oxoalkanoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

A-factor type gamma-butyrolactone 1'-reductase (1S-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: a (3R,4R)-3-[(1S)-1-hydroxyalkyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one + NADP(+) = a (3R,4R)-3-alkanoyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, which is found in bacteria that produce virginiae-butanolide (VB) type gamma-butyrolactone autoregulators, reduces its substrate stereospecifically, forming a hydroxyl group in the (S) configuration.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12193632
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3R,4R)-3-[(1S)-1-hydroxyalkyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one + NADP(+) = a (3R,4R)-3-alkanoyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-galactonate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-galactonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagaturonate + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, reported from the human gut bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacteroides vulgatus, participates in an L-galactonate degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/381020
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24861318
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24963813
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-galactonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + keto-D-tagaturonate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

noscapine synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + narcotine hemiacetal = H(+) + NADH + noscapine.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the plant Papaver somniferum (opium poppy), catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the isoquinoline alkaloid noscapine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24708518
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29610307
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + narcotine hemiacetal = H(+) + NADH + noscapine.
type: Catalytic Activity

isopyridoxal dehydrogenase (5-pyridoxolactone-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: isopyridoxal + NAD(+) = 5-pyridoxolactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Arthrobacter sp Cr-7, participates in the degradation of pyridoxine.
comment: The enzyme also catalyzes the activity of EC 1.2.1.102.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3533936
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

isopyridoxal + NAD(+) = 5-pyridoxolactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3beta-hydroxysteroid-4beta-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: a 3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylsteroid-4beta-carboxylate + NAD(+) = a 4alpha-methyl-3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.
activity: a 3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylsteroid-4beta-carboxylate + NADP(+) = a 4alpha-methyl-3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADPH.
activity: 4beta-carboxy-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-4alpha-methylzymosterol + CO2 + NADH.
activity: 4beta-carboxy-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 3-dehydro-4alpha-methylzymosterol + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: This bacterial enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of bacterial sterols.
comment: Together with EC 1.14.13.246 (SdmA) it forms an enzyme system that removes one methyl group from the C-4 position of 4,4-dimethylated steroid molecules.
comment: SdmA catalyzes three successive oxidations of the C-4beta methyl group, turning it into a carboxylate group; SdmB is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes two different activities.
comment: As EC 1.1.1.417 it catalyzes an oxidative decarboxylation that results in reduction of the 3beta-hydroxy group at the C-3 carbon to an oxo group.
comment: As EC 1.1.1.270, it reduces the 3-oxo group back to a 3beta-hydroxyl.
comment: Since the remaining methyl group at C-4 is in an alpha orientation, it cannot serve as a substrate for a second round of demethylation by this system.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29784781
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylsteroid-4beta-carboxylate + NAD(+) = a 4alpha-methyl-3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 3beta-hydroxy-4alpha-methylsteroid-4beta-carboxylate + NADP(+) = a 4alpha-methyl-3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4beta-carboxy-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NAD(+) = 3-dehydro-4alpha-methylzymosterol + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4beta-carboxy-4alpha-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 3-dehydro-4alpha-methylzymosterol + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

plant 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases/C-4 decarboxylase
activity: a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.
activity: 4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(24(1))-en-3beta-ol + NAD(+) = CO2 + cycloeucalenone + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, found in plants, catalyzes multiple reactions during plant sterol biosynthesis.
comment: Unlike the fungal/animal enzyme EC 1.1.1.170 the plant enzyme is specific for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10356290
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16835224
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19218365
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3beta-hydroxysteroid-4alpha-carboxylate + NAD(+) = a 3-oxosteroid + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4alpha-carboxy-4beta,14alpha-dimethyl-9beta,19-cyclo-5alpha-ergost-24(24(1))-en-3beta-ol + NAD(+) = CO2 + cycloeucalenone + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

nepetalactol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cis-cis-nepetalactol + NAD(+) = cis-cis-nepetalactone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: cis-trans-nepetalactol + NAD(+) = cis-trans-nepetalactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the plant Nepeta mussinii, binds an NAD(+) cofactor.
comment: It also catalyzes the activity of EC 5.5.1.34.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30531909
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30664302
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-cis-nepetalactol + NAD(+) = cis-cis-nepetalactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-trans-nepetalactol + NAD(+) = cis-trans-nepetalactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-apiose dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-apiofuranose + NAD(+) = D-apionolactone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from several bacterial species, is involved in a catabolic pathway for D-apiose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29867142
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-apiofuranose + NAD(+) = D-apionolactone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-apionate oxidoisomerase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-apionate + NAD(+) = 3-oxoisoapionate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from several bacterial species, participates in the degradation of D-apionate.
comment: The reaction involves migration of a hydroxymethyl group from position 3 to position 2 and oxidation of the 3-hydroxyl group.
comment: Stereospecificity of the product, 3-oxoisoapionate, has not been determined.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29867142
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-apionate + NAD(+) = 3-oxoisoapionate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

pseudoephedrine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine + NAD(+) = (S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2R)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (S)-phenylacetylcarbinol + NAD(+) = 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Arthrobacter sp. TS-15, acts on a broad range of different aryl-alkyl ketones, such as haloketones, ketoamines, diketones, and ketoesters.
comment: It accepts various types of aryl groups including phenyl-, pyridyl-, thienyl-, and furyl-rings, but the presence of an aromatic ring is essential for the activity.
comment: In addition, the presence of a functional group on the alkyl chain, such as an amine, a halogen, or a ketone, is also crucial.
comment: The enzyme exhibits a strict anti-Prelog enantioselectivity.
comment: When acting on diketones, it catalyzes the reduction of only the keto group closest to the ring, with no further reduction to the diol. cf. EC 1.1.1.423.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine + NAD(+) = (S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2R)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-phenylacetylcarbinol + NAD(+) = 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,2S)-ephedrine 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ephedrine dehydrogenase
activity: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1R,2R)-pseudoephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol + NAD(+) = 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Arthrobacter sp. TS-15, acts on a broad range of different aryl-alkyl ketones, such as haloketones, ketoamines, diketones, and ketoesters.
comment: It exhibits a strict enantioselectivity and accepts various types of aryl groups including phenyl-, pyridyl-, thienyl-, and furyl-rings, but the presence of an aromatic ring is essential for the activity.
comment: In addition, the presence of a functional group on the alkyl chain, such as an amine, a halogen, or a ketone, is also crucial.
comment: When acting on diketones, it catalyzes the reduction of only the keto group closest to the ring, with no further reduction to the diol. cf. EC 1.1.1.422 and EC 1.5.1.18.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (S)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,2R)-pseudoephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylamino-1-phenylpropan-1-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-phenylacetylcarbinol + NAD(+) = 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+), D-xylono-1,4-lactone-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: D-xylofuranose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, which participates in the degradation of D-xylose, has been characterized from several halophilic archaeal species. cf. EC 1.1.1.179.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15342590
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19584053
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28854683
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-xylofuranose + NADP(+) = D-xylono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

levoglucosan dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1,6-anhydro-beta-D-glucose dehydrogenase
activity: levoglucosan + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrolevoglucosan + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Levoglucosan is formed from the pyrolysis of carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose and is an important molecular marker for pollution from biomass burning.
comment: This enzyme is present only in bacteria, and has been characterized from Arthrobacter sp. I-552 and Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans. cf. EC 2.7.1.232.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7765713
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30224354
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

levoglucosan + NAD(+) = 3-dehydrolevoglucosan + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine = H(+) + NADPH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hex-4-ulose.
activity: NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine = H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hex-4-ulose.
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine, a 6-deoxy sugar that is present in the O antigens of many Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotypes O6 and O10, Rhizobium etli, and Brucella abortus.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10627048
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14551189
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24817117
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine = H(+) + NADPH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hex-4-ulose.
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-quinovosamine = H(+) + NADH + UDP-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-xylo-hex-4-ulose.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinose 1-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: D-arabinose + NADP(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Saccharolobus solfataricus is tetrameric and contains zinc.
comment: L-fucose also is a substrate.
comment: In contrast to EC 1.1.1.116 and EC 1.1.1.117, this enzyme is specific for NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16849334
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17610898
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-arabinose + NADP(+) = D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-methylthio 2-oxobutanoate reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyrate reductase
alternative label: 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid reductase
alternative label: MTOB reductase
activity: (2R)-2-hydroxy-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate + NAD(+) = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The substrate of this enzyme is formed as an intermediate during L-methionine salvage from S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine, which is formed during the biosynthesis of polyamines.
comment: The human enzyme also functions as a transcriptional co-regulator that downregulates the expression of many tumor-suppressor genes, thus providing a link between gene repression and the methionine salvage pathway.
comment: A similar, but NADP-specific, enzyme is involved in dimethylsulfoniopropanoate biosynthesis in algae and phytoplankton.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12419229
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17157814
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24657618
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27156192
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R)-2-hydroxy-4-(methylsulfanyl)butanoate + NAD(+) = 4-methylsulfanyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2S)-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]succinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S)-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]succinyl-CoA + NAD(+) = (S)-2-benzoylsuccinyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, purified from the bacterium Thauera aromatica, is involved in an anaerobic toluene degradation pathway.
comment: It is specific for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/34601806
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]succinyl-CoA + NAD(+) = (S)-2-benzoylsuccinyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Xylose reductases catalyze the reduction of xylose to xylitol, the initial reaction in the fungal D-xylose degradation pathway.
comment: Most of the enzymes exhibit a strict requirement for NADPH (cf. EC 1.1.1.431).
comment: Some D-xylose reductases have dual coenzyme specificity, though they still prefer NADPH to NADH (cf. EC 1.1.1.307).
comment: The enzyme from Candida parapsilosis is a rare example of a xylose reductase that significantly prefers NADH, with Km and Vmax values for NADH being 10-fold lower and 10-fold higher, respectively, than for NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14532079
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-xylose reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Xylose reductases catalyze the reduction of xylose to xylitol, the initial reaction in the fungal D-xylose degradation pathway.
comment: Most of the enzymes exhibit a strict requirement for NADPH (e.g. the enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei, Candida tropicalis, Saitozyma flava, and Candida intermedia).
comment: Some D-xylose reductases have dual coenzyme specificity, though they still prefer NADPH to NADH (cf. EC 1.1.1.307).
comment: Very rarely the enzyme prefers NADH (cf. EC 1.1.1.430).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10548539
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10681056
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11481678
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11963895
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16232468
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18553673
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/33666344
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/33842213
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + xylitol = D-xylose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-dehydroglucose reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
activity: D-glucose + NADP(+) = 6-dehydro-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from alphaproteobacteria, is involved in a D-sulfoquinovose degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/35074914
citation: SIPA92E437F3CD7880E
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glucose + NADP(+) = 6-dehydro-D-glucose + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfoacetaldehyde reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + sulfoacetaldehyde.
comment: The enzymes from the bacteria Bilophila wadsworthia and Clostridium sp. MSTE9 catalyze the reaction only in the reduction direction.
comment: In the bacterium Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense the optimal reaction pH for sulfoacetaldehyde reduction is 7.5, while that for isethionate oxidation is 10.0. cf. EC 1.1.1.313.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30718429
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30962433
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/31123167
citation: SIPA92E437F3CD7880E
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + sulfoacetaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + NAD(+) = 2,4-didehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + NAD(+) = 5-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, originally described from the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, participates in an L-fucose degradation pathway.
comment: It can also act on 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-galactonate and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17144652
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30655589
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-L-fuconate + NAD(+) = 2,4-didehydro-3-deoxy-L-rhamnonate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-arabinonate + NAD(+) = 5-hydroxy-2,4-dioxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-fucose dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: beta-L-fucose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-fucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.
activity: D-arabinose + NADP(+) = D-arabinono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Burkholderia multivorans, participates in an L-fucose degradation pathway.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of beta-L-fucopyranose to L-fucono-1,5-lactone, which is unstable and is rapidly converted to L-fucono-1,4-lactone.
comment: The alpha anomer is not recognized.
comment: The enzyme can also act on beta-L-galactopyranose and D-arabinose with lower activity.
comment: NADP(+) is a better cosubstrate than NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23214453
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

beta-L-fucose + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-fucono-1,5-lactone + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinose + NADP(+) = D-arabinono-1,5-lactone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

lactate dehydrogenase (NAD(+),ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.110
alternative label: electron bifurcating LDH/Etf complex
activity: lactate + 2 NAD(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2 NADH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Acetobacterium woodii, uses flavin-based electron confurcation to drive endergonic lactate oxidation with NAD(+) as oxidant at the expense of simultaneous exergonic electron flow from reduced ferredoxin to NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24762045
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

lactate + 2 NAD(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2 NADH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

5-dehydrofumagillol 5-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: fumagillol + NADP(+) = 5-dehydrofumagillol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the mold Aspergillus fumigatus, participates in the biosynthesis of the meroterpenoid fumagillin.
comment: It is a partial polyketide synthase (PKS) consisting of only a dehydratase (DH) and a ketoreductase (KR) domain.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24568283
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

fumagillol + NADP(+) = 5-dehydrofumagillol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.1.1.n1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: UDP-glucuronic acid oxidase (UDP-4-keto-hexauronic acid decarboxylating)
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: NADP-retinol dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: UDP-N-acetyl-D-mannosamine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(-)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (4R,6S)-carveol dehydrogenase
alternative label: carveol dehydrogenase
alternative label: CDH
activity: (1S,5R)-carveol + NAD(+) = (R)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,5S)-carveol + NAD(+) = (S)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidation of carveol to carvone, with a strong stereoselectivity since it efficiently converts only the (6S)-stereoisomers, of which (-)-(4R,6S)-trans-carveol is the better substrate.
comment: Displays a broad substrate specificity with a preference for substituted cyclohexanols, and does not catalyze the oxidation of primary or short chain aliphatic secondary alcohols.
comment: Is also able, albeit more slowly, to oxidize limonene-1,2-diol into 1-hydroxy-2-oxolimonene.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10473585
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,5R)-carveol + NAD(+) = (R)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,5S)-carveol + NAD(+) = (S)-carvone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-methylmalate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R,3S)-3-methylmalate + NAD(+) = 2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii also catalyzes the reaction of EC 1.1.1.85 and EC 1.1.1.83.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17449626
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,3S)-3-methylmalate + NAD(+) = 2-oxobutanoate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.1.1.n6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: D-chiro-inositol 1-dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: benzil reductase [(S)-benzoin forming]
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: L-idonate 5-dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: D-galacturonate reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: D-arabitol-phosphate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

succinic semialdehyde reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + succinate semialdehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/45199
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16460003
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-hydroxybutanoate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + succinate semialdehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R)-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8856068
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (3R)-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a 3-oxoacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.1.1.n13
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: very-long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoA reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.1.1.n14
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: geraniol dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

With a cytochrome as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553)
narrower transitive: polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
narrower transitive: 1-butanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
narrower transitive: lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.2.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

mannitol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: polyol dehydrogenase
activity: D-mannitol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = D-fructose + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
comment: Acts on polyols with a D-lyxo configuration, such as D-mannitol and D-sorbitol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13373782
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

D-mannitol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = D-fructose + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cytochrome b2
alternative label: lactic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase
activity: (S)-lactate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + pyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13638255
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13793977
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16747991
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

(S)-lactate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-lactate ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase
alternative label: lactic acid dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-lactate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + pyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13729965
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13901630
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13950255
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

(R)-lactate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-lactate dehydrogenase (cytochrome c-553)
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-lactate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c553] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c553] + 2 H(+) + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme from the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio vulgaris can also act on (R)-2-hydroxybutanoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7275946
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

(R)-lactate + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c553] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c553] + 2 H(+) + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.23
alternative label: PVA dehydrogenase
alternative label: PVADH
activity: a polyvinyl alcohol + 2n Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = an oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + 2n Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2n H(+).
comment: The enzyme is involved in bacterial polyvinyl alcohol degradation.
comment: Some Gram-negative bacteria degrade polyvinyl alcohol by importing it into the periplasmic space, where it is oxidized by polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is coupled to the respiratory chain via cytochrome c.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3513704
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16347841
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16804170
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18214469
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18343342
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19590867
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

a polyvinyl alcohol + 2n Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = an oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + 2n Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2n H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.8
alternative label: MDH
alternative label: methanol dehydrogenase
activity: a primary alcohol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome cL] = an aldehyde + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome cL] + 2 H(+).
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome cL] + methanol = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome cL] + formaldehyde + 2 H(+).
comment: A periplasmic quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase that only occurs in methylotrophic bacteria.
comment: It uses the novel specific cytochrome cL as acceptor.
comment: Acts on a wide range of primary alcohols, including ethanol, duodecanol, chloroethanol, cinnamyl alcohol, and also formaldehyde.
comment: Activity is stimulated by ammonia or methylamine.
comment: It is usually assayed with phenazine methosulfate.
comment: Like all other quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases it has an 8-bladed 'propeller' structure, a calcium ion bound to the PQQ in the active site and an unusual disulfide ring structure in close proximity to the PQQ.
comment: It differs from EC 1.1.2.8, alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c), in having a high affinity for methanol and in having a second essential small subunit (no known function).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/471057
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1311606
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4378696
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6049934
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6250827
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7656012
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9930981
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11502173
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12686102
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15608378
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

a primary alcohol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome cL] = an aldehyde + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome cL] + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome cL] + methanol = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome cL] + formaldehyde + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.8
activity: a primary alcohol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = an aldehyde + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
comment: A periplasmic PQQ-containing quinoprotein.
comment: Occurs in Pseudomonas and Rhodopseudomonas.
comment: The enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses a specific inducible cytochrome c550 as electron acceptor.
comment: Acts on a wide range of primary and secondary alcohols, but not methanol.
comment: It has a homodimeric structure (contrasting with the heterotetrameric structure of EC 1.1.2.7, methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)).
comment: It is routinely assayed with phenazine methosulfate as electron acceptor.
comment: Activity is stimulated by ammonia or amines.
comment: Like all other quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases it has an 8-bladed 'propeller' structure, a calcium ion bound to the PQQ in the active site and an unusual disulfide ring structure in close proximity to the PQQ.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3144289
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7730276
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10075429
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10736230
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15094044
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19224199
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

a primary alcohol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = an aldehyde + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

1-butanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: BDH
activity: butan-1-ol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = butanal + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
comment: This periplasmic quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, characterized from the bacterium Thauera butanivorans, is involved in butane degradation.
comment: It contains both pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and heme c prosthetic groups. cf. EC 1.1.5.11.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11238982
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11889098
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12142403
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

butan-1-ol + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = butanal + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

lanthanide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Ce(3+)-induced methanol dehydrogenase
alternative label: cerium dependent MDH
alternative label: La(3+)-dependent MDH
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome cL] + methanol = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome cL] + formaldehyde + 2 H(+).
comment: Isolated from the bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum and many Methylobacterium species.
comment: Requires La(3+), Ce(3+), Pr(3+) or Nd(3+).
comment: The higher lanthanides show decreasing activity with Sm(3+), Eu(3+) and Gd(3+).
comment: The lanthanide is coordinated by the enzyme and pyrroloquinoline quinone.
comment: Shows little activity with Ca(2+), the required cofactor of EC 1.1.2.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21256798
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23209751
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24034209
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25421364
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28488399
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29404411
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome cL] + methanol = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome cL] + formaldehyde + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-aldohexopyranoside dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
alternative label: hexopyranoside-cytochrome c oxidoreductase
activity: a D-glucoside + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = a 3-dehydro-D-glucoside + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
comment: This bacterial enzyme acts on D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glucosides and D-galactosides, but the best substrates are disaccharides with a glucose moiety at the non-reducing end.
comment: It consists of two subunits, a catalytic subunit that contains an FAD cofactor and an iron-sulfur cluster, and a "hitch-hiker" subunit containing a signal peptide for translocation into the periplasm.
comment: A dedicated c-type cytochrome protein serves as an electron acceptor, transferring the electrons from the catalytic subunit to the cell's electron transfer chain. cf. EC 1.1.99.13.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/838689
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2844746
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3818559
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6038493
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8984902
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11263965
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16292530
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28044272
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29625423
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

a D-glucoside + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = a 3-dehydro-D-glucoside + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: glucose oxidase
narrower transitive: hexose oxidase
narrower transitive: cholesterol oxidase
narrower transitive: aryl-alcohol oxidase
narrower transitive: L-gulonolactone oxidase
narrower transitive: galactose oxidase
narrower transitive: pyranose oxidase
narrower transitive: L-sorbose oxidase
narrower transitive: pyridoxine 4-oxidase
narrower transitive: alcohol oxidase
narrower transitive: catechol oxidase (dimerizing)
narrower transitive: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase
narrower transitive: ecdysone oxidase
narrower transitive: choline oxidase
narrower transitive: secondary-alcohol oxidase
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase (decarboxylating)
narrower transitive: long-chain-alcohol oxidase
narrower transitive: glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
narrower transitive: thiamine oxidase
narrower transitive: hydroxyphytanate oxidase
narrower transitive: nucleoside oxidase
narrower transitive: N-acylhexosamine oxidase
narrower transitive: polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase
narrower transitive: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase
narrower transitive: vanillyl-alcohol oxidase
narrower transitive: nucleoside oxidase (H2O2-forming)
narrower transitive: D-mannitol oxidase
narrower transitive: alditol oxidase
narrower transitive: prosolanapyrone-II oxidase
narrower transitive: paromamine 6'-oxidase
narrower transitive: 6'''-hydroxyneomycin C oxidase
narrower transitive: aclacinomycin-N oxidase
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase
narrower transitive: 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural oxidase
narrower transitive: 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-octulosonate 8-oxidase
narrower transitive: (R)-mandelonitrile oxidase
narrower transitive: C-glycoside oxidase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.13.12.4
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

glucose oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxido-reductase
alternative label: D-glucose-1-oxidase
alternative label: glucose aerodehydrogenase
alternative label: glucose oxyhydrase
alternative label: GOD
activity: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

hexose oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
activity: D-galactose + O2 = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
activity: D-cellobiose + O2 = D-cellobiono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
activity: D-maltose + O2 = D-maltobiono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
activity: beta-lactose + O2 = H2O2 + lactobiono-1,5-lactone.
comment: Also oxidizes D-galactose, D-mannose, maltose, lactose and cellobiose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4708670
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

beta-D-glucose + O2 = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-galactose + O2 = D-galactono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-cellobiose + O2 = D-cellobiono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-maltose + O2 = D-maltobiono-1,5-lactone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

beta-lactose + O2 = H2O2 + lactobiono-1,5-lactone.
type: Catalytic Activity

cholesterol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cholesterol-O2 oxidoreductase
activity: cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.
comment: Cholesterol oxidases are secreted bacterial bifunctional enzymes that catalyze the first two steps in the degradation of cholesterol.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of the 3beta-hydroxyl group to a keto group, and the isomerization of the double bond in the oxidized steroid ring system from the Delta(5) position to the Delta(6) position (cf. EC 5.3.3.1).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4757363
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10822008
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13143010
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20213543
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

cholesterol + O2 = cholest-5-en-3-one + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

aryl-alcohol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: veratryl alcohol oxidase
activity: an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.
comment: Oxidizes many primary alcohols containing an aromatic ring; best substrates are (2-naphthyl)methanol and 3-methoxybenzyl alcohol.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an aromatic primary alcohol + O2 = an aromatic aldehyde + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-gulonolactone oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GLO
alternative label: L-gulono-gamma-lactone oxidase
activity: L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + L-ascorbate.
comment: The product spontaneously isomerizes to L-ascorbate.
comment: While most higher animals can synthesize ascorbic acid, primates and guinea pigs cannot.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7138847
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8175804
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14405898
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

L-gulono-1,4-lactone + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + L-ascorbate.
type: Catalytic Activity

galactose oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-galactose oxidase
activity: D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + H2O2.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-galactose + O2 = D-galacto-hexodialdose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyranose oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glucose 2-oxidase
activity: D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2.
comment: Also oxidizes D-xylose, L-sorbose and D-glucono-1,5-lactone, which have the same ring conformation and configuration at C-2, C-3 and C-4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5722278
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5725162
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-glucose + O2 = 2-dehydro-D-glucose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-sorbose oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: keto-L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.
comment: Also acts on D-glucose, D-galactose and D-xylose, but not on D-fructose.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5586487
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

keto-L-sorbose + O2 = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyridoxine 4-oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: O2 + pyridoxine = H2O2 + pyridoxal.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5769992
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

O2 + pyridoxine = H2O2 + pyridoxal.
type: Catalytic Activity

alcohol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: AOX
alternative label: methanol oxidase
activity: a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.
comment: The enzymes from the fungi Candida methanosorbosa and several Basidiomycetes species contain an FAD cofactor.
comment: The enzyme from the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum graminicola and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides utilize a mononuclear copper-radical mechanism.
comment: The enzyme acts on primary alcohols and unsaturated alcohols, and has much lower activity with branched-chain and secondary alcohols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5636370
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9142745
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26680532
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a primary alcohol + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

catechol oxidase (dimerizing)
type: Enzyme
activity: 4 catechol + 3 O2 = 2 dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione + 6 H2O.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

4 catechol + 3 O2 = 2 dibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione + 6 H2O.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.1
alternative label: glycolate oxidase
alternative label: hydroxy-acid oxidase A
alternative label: hydroxy-acid oxidase B
activity: a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2.
activity: glycolate + O2 = glyoxylate + H2O2.
comment: Exists as two major isoenzymes; the A form preferentially oxidizes short-chain aliphatic hydroxy acids; the B form preferentially oxidizes long-chain and aromatic hydroxy acids.
comment: The rat isoenzyme B also acts as EC 1.4.3.2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1268224
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5569122
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5686300
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5946631
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a (2S)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycolate + O2 = glyoxylate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

ecdysone oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: ecdysone + O2 = 3-dehydroecdysone + H2O2.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/297
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

ecdysone + O2 = 3-dehydroecdysone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

choline oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: choline + H2O + 2 O2 = glycine betaine + H(+) + 2 H2O2.
comment: In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized using different enzymes to catalyze the conversion of (1) choline into betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde into betaine.
comment: In plants, the first reaction is catalyzed by EC 1.14.15.7, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either EC 1.1.99.1 or EC 1.1.3.17.
comment: The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, appears to be the same in those plants, animals and bacteria that use two separate enzymes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/599154
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1987142
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12466265
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12637017
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12795615
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14678796
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15369826
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15713082
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

choline + H2O + 2 O2 = glycine betaine + H(+) + 2 H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

secondary-alcohol oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: a secondary alcohol + O2 = a ketone + H2O2.
comment: Acts on secondary alcohols with five or more carbons, and polyvinyl alcohols with molecular mass over 300 Da.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a secondary alcohol + O2 = a ketone + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxymandelate oxidase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-hydroxymandelate oxidase
activity: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H(+) + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida is involved in the degradation of mandelate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/976259
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate + H(+) + O2 = 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + CO2 + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain-alcohol oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + O2 = a long-chain fatty aldehyde + H2O2.
activity: dodecan-1-ol + O2 = dodecanal + H2O2.
comment: Oxidizes long-chain fatty alcohols; best substrate is dodecyl alcohol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/36040
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15358540
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16046182
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18396913
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + O2 = a long-chain fatty aldehyde + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

dodecan-1-ol + O2 = dodecanal + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase
activity: O2 + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5667352
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5788698
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

O2 + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.22
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.3.2
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

thiamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: thiamine dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + 2 O2 + thiamine = H(+) + 2 H2O2 + thiamine acetate.
comment: The product differs from thiamine in replacement of -CH2-CH2-OH by -CH2-COOH; the two-step oxidation proceeds without the release of the intermediate aldehyde from the enzyme.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8076
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2988447
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4987737
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + 2 O2 + thiamine = H(+) + 2 H2O2 + thiamine acetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.24
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: L-galactonolactone oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.25
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.26
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.3.2
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

hydroxyphytanate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3288289
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(2S)-2-hydroxyphytanate + O2 = 2-oxophytanate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

nucleoside oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + H(+) + H2O.
comment: Other purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (as well as 2'-deoxyribonucleosides) are substrates, but ribose and nucleotides are not substrates.
comment: The overall reaction takes place in two separate steps, with the 5'-dehydro nucleoside being released from the enzyme to serve as substrate for the second reaction.
comment: Differs from EC 1.1.3.39 as it produces water rather than hydrogen peroxide.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

inosine + O2 = 9-riburonosylhypoxanthine + H(+) + H2O.
type: Catalytic Activity

N-acylhexosamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate.
activity: H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminate.
comment: The enzyme, found in bacteria, also acts more slowly on N-acetyl-D-mannosamine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/34709726
citation: SIPA92E437F3CD7880E
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + N-acetyl-D-glucosaminate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N-acetyl-D-galactosamine + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminate.
type: Catalytic Activity

polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PVA oxidase
activity: a polyvinyl alcohol + n O2 = an oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + n H2O2.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a polyvinyl alcohol + n O2 = an oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + n H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.31
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.32
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.64
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.33
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.65
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.34
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.66
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.35
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.67
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.36
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.68
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-arabinono-gamma-lactone oxidase
activity: D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + H2O2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7957197
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + O2 = dehydro-D-arabinono-1,4-lactone + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

vanillyl-alcohol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidase
activity: 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzenemethanol + O2 = H2O2 + vanillin.
comment: Converts a wide range of 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols and 4-hydroxybenzylamines into the corresponding aldehydes.
comment: The allyl group of 4-allylphenols is also converted into the -CH=CH-CH2OH group.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1396672
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8529652
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzenemethanol + O2 = H2O2 + vanillin.
type: Catalytic Activity

nucleoside oxidase (H2O2-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: adenosine + H2O + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + H(+) + 2 H2O2.
comment: Other purine and pyrimidine nucleosides (as well as 2'-deoxyribonucleosides and arabinosides) are substrates, but ribose and nucleotides are not substrates.
comment: The 5'-dehydro nucleoside is being released from the enzyme to serve as substrate for the second reaction.
comment: Differs from EC 1.1.3.28 as it produces hydrogen peroxide rather than water.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

adenosine + H2O + 2 O2 = 9-riburonosyladenine + H(+) + 2 H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-mannitol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-arabinitol oxidase
alternative label: D-arabitol oxidase
alternative label: mannitol oxidase
activity: D-mannitol + O2 = D-mannose + H2O2.
activity: D-sorbitol + O2 = D-sorbopyranose + H2O2.
activity: D-arabinitol + O2 = D-arabinose + H2O2.
comment: Also catalyzes the oxidation of D-arabinitol and, to a lesser extent, D-glucitol (sorbitol), whereas L-arabinitol is not a good substrate.
comment: The enzyme from the snails Helix aspersa and Arion ater is found in a specialized tubular organelle that has been termed the mannosome.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3519307
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-mannitol + O2 = D-mannose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-sorbitol + O2 = D-sorbopyranose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arabinitol + O2 = D-arabinose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

alditol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: xylitol oxidase
activity: an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2.
activity: O2 + xylitol = D-xylose + H2O2.
comment: While xylitol (five carbons) and sorbitol (6 carbons) are the preferred substrates, other alditols, including L-threitol (four carbons), D-arabinitol (five carbons), D-galactitol (six carbons) and D-mannitol (six carbons) can also act as substrates, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16232758
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17517896
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18154360
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

O2 + xylitol = D-xylose + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

prosolanapyrone-II oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: prosolanapyrone II oxidase/prosolanapyrone III cycloisomerase
alternative label: Sol5
alternative label: SPS
activity: O2 + prosolanapyrone II = H2O2 + prosolanapyrone III.
comment: The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the phytotoxin solanapyrone by some fungi.
comment: The bifunctional enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of prosolanapyrone II and the subsequent Diels Alder cycloisomerization of the product prosolanapyrone III to (-)-solanapyrone A (cf. EC 5.5.1.20).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9659400
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18256508
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20486243
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

O2 + prosolanapyrone II = H2O2 + prosolanapyrone III.
type: Catalytic Activity

paromamine 6'-oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: O2 + paromamine = 6'-oxoparomamine + H2O2.
comment: Involved in the biosynthetic pathways of several clinically important aminocyclitol antibiotics, including kanamycin, butirosin, neomycin and ribostamycin.
comment: Works in combination with EC 2.6.1.93 to replace the 6-hydroxy group of paromamine with an amino group.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Streptomyces fradiae also catalyzes EC 1.1.3.44.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17206729
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18408324
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21689223
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

O2 + paromamine = 6'-oxoparomamine + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

6'''-hydroxyneomycin C oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6'''-deamino-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C + O2 = 6'''-deamino-6'''-oxoneomycin C + H2O2.
comment: Involved in the biosynthetic pathway of aminoglycoside antibiotics of the neomycin family.
comment: Works in combination with EC 2.6.1.95 to replace the 6'''-hydroxy group of 6'''-hydroxyneomycin C with an amino group.
comment: Also catalyzes EC 1.1.3.43.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17206729
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21689223
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

6'''-deamino-6'''-hydroxyneomycin C + O2 = 6'''-deamino-6'''-oxoneomycin C + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

aclacinomycin-N oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aclacinomycin oxidoreductase
alternative label: AknOx
activity: aclacinomycin N + O2 = aclacinomycin A + H2O2.
comment: This bifunctional enzyme is a secreted flavin-dependent enzyme that is involved in the modification of the terminal sugar residues in the biosynthesis of aclacinomycins.
comment: The enzyme utilizes the same active site to catalyze the oxidation of the rhodinose moiety of aclacinomycin N to the cinerulose A moiety of aclacinomycin A and the oxidation of the latter to the L-aculose moiety of aclacinomycin Y (cf. EC 1.3.3.14).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17242508
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17395717
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

aclacinomycin N + O2 = aclacinomycin A + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxymandelate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-4-hydroxymandelate + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Amycolatopsis orientalis is involved in the biosynthesis of L-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine and L-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)glycine, two non-proteinogenic amino acids occurring in the vancomycin group of antibiotics.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11137816
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12240298
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(S)-4-hydroxymandelate + O2 = 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural + 2 H2O + 3 O2 = 2,5-dicarboxyfuran + 2 H(+) + 3 H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Methylovorus sp. strain MP688, is involved in the degradation and detoxification of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural.
comment: The enzyme acts only on alcohol groups and requires the spontaneous hydration of aldehyde groups for their oxidation.
comment: The enzyme has a broad substrate range that overlaps with EC 1.1.3.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20194784
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24271187
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24802551
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

5-hydroxymethylfurfural + 2 H2O + 3 O2 = 2,5-dicarboxyfuran + 2 H(+) + 3 H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-octulosonate 8-oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + O2 = 3,8-dideoxy-8-oxo-alpha-D-manno-octulosonate + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Shewanella oneidensis, is involved in the formation of 8-amino-3,8-dideoxy-alpha-D-manno-octulosonate, an aminated form of Kdo found in lipopolysaccharides of members of the Shewanella genus. cf. EC 2.6.1.109.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23413030
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

3-deoxy-alpha-D-manno-oct-2-ulosonate + O2 = 3,8-dideoxy-8-oxo-alpha-D-manno-octulosonate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-mandelonitrile oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-mandelonitrile + O2 = benzoyl cyanide + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the millipede Chamberlinius hualienensis, is segregated from its substrate, which is contained in special sacs.
comment: The sacs are ruptured during defensive behavior, allowing the enzyme and substrate to mix in special reaction chambers leading to production of the defensive chemical benzoyl cyanide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27265180
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(R)-mandelonitrile + O2 = benzoyl cyanide + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

C-glycoside oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: carminate + O2 = 3'-dehydrocarminate + H2O2.
activity: mangiferin + O2 = 3'-dehydromangiferin + H2O2.
activity: isoorientin + O2 = 3'-dehydroisoorientin + H2O2.
activity: isovitexin + O2 = 3'-dehydroisovitexin + H2O2.
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
comment: This bacterial enzyme participates in degradation of certain C-glucosides by catalyzing the oxidation of the hydroxyl group at position 3 of the glycose moiety.
comment: The enzyme was found active with assorted C-glycosides, such as carminate, mangiferin, and C(6)-glycosylated flavonoids, but not with D-glucose or C(8)-glycosylated flavonoids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/34583991
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

carminate + O2 = 3'-dehydrocarminate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

mangiferin + O2 = 3'-dehydromangiferin + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

isoorientin + O2 = 3'-dehydroisoorientin + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

isovitexin + O2 = 3'-dehydroisovitexin + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.4.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.4.4
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.4.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.4.5
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)
narrower transitive: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone)
narrower transitive: D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: 1-butanol dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: fructose 5-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: quinoprotein inositol dehydrogenase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.5.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.17
alternative label: D-glucose:(pyrroloquinoline-quinone) 1-oxidoreductase
alternative label: glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-dependent)
alternative label: glucose dehydrogenase (pyrroloquinoline-quinone)
alternative label: quinoprotein D-glucose dehydrogenase
activity: a ubiquinone + D-glucose = a ubiquinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
comment: Integral membrane protein containing PQQ as prosthetic group.
comment: It also contains bound ubiquinone and Mg(2+) or Ca(2+).
comment: Electron acceptor is membrane ubiquinone but usually assayed with phenazine methosulfate.
comment: Like in all other quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases the catalytic domain has an 8-bladed 'propeller' structure.
comment: It occurs in a wide range of bacteria.
comment: Catalyzes a direct oxidation of the pyranose form of D-glucose to the lactone and thence to D-gluconate in the periplasm.
comment: Oxidizes other monosaccharides including the pyranose forms of pentoses.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/520586
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6793395
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8509415
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8554505
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9578566
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10359647
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11604400
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12686133
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14612441
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18550551
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a ubiquinone + D-glucose = a ubiquinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.2.1
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.5
alternative label: FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: flavin-linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: glycerol-3-phosphate CoQ reductase
alternative label: glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a quinol + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
activity: a menaquinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a menaquinol + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
activity: a ubiquinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a ubiquinol + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
activity: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ubiquinone-8 = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + ubiquinol-8.
comment: An essential membrane enzyme, functioning at the central junction of glycolysis, respiration and phospholipid biosynthesis.
comment: In bacteria, the enzyme is localized to the cytoplasmic membrane, while in eukaryotes it is tightly bound to the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane.
comment: In eukaryotes, this enzyme, together with the cytosolic enzyme EC 1.1.1.8 forms the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle by which NADH produced in the cytosol, primarily from glycolysis, can be reoxidized to NAD(+) by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain.
comment: This shuttle plays a critical role in transferring reducing equivalents from cytosolic NADH into the mitochondrial matrix.
comment: Insect flight muscle uses only CoQ10 as the physiological quinone whereas hamster and rat mitochondria use mainly CoQ9.
comment: The enzyme is activated by calcium.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/340460
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8579375
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9171333
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9244403
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9559543
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11955283
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12586344
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13741763
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a quinol + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

a menaquinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a menaquinol + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

a ubiquinone + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate = a ubiquinol + dihydroxyacetone phosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + ubiquinone-8 = dihydroxyacetone phosphate + ubiquinol-8.
type: Catalytic Activity

malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.16
alternative label: FAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase
alternative label: malate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
alternative label: malate quinone oxidoreductase
alternative label: MQO
activity: (S)-malate + a quinone = a quinol + oxaloacetate.
activity: (S)-malate + a menaquinone = a menaquinol + oxaloacetate.
comment: Vitamin K and several other quinones can act as acceptors.
comment: Different from EC 1.1.1.37, EC 1.1.1.82 and EC 1.1.1.299.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234747
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/629992
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9660197
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10809701
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

(S)-malate + a quinone = a quinol + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-malate + a menaquinone = a menaquinol + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PQQ alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: PQQ-dependent ADH
alternative label: PQQ-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: quinoprotein ADH
alternative label: quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: type III ADH
activity: a ubiquinone + ethanol = a ubiquinol + acetaldehyde.
comment: Only described in acetic acid bacteria where it is involved in acetic acid production.
comment: Associated with membrane.
comment: Electron acceptor is membrane ubiquinone.
comment: A model structure suggests that, like all other quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases, the catalytic subunit has an 8-bladed 'propeller' structure, a calcium ion bound to the PQQ in the active site and an unusual disulfide ring structure in close proximity to the PQQ; the catalytic subunit also has a heme c in the C-terminal domain.
comment: The enzyme has two additional subunits, one of which contains three molecules of heme c.
comment: It does not require amines for activation.
comment: It has a restricted substrate specificity, oxidizing a few primary alcohols (C2 to C6), but not methanol, secondary alcohols and some aldehydes.
comment: It is assayed with phenazine methosulfate or with ferricyanide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7772016
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7942316
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8617755
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9526036
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16233574
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16636451
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18321602
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18838797
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a ubiquinone + ethanol = a ubiquinol + acetaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.5.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.5.3
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: MCAD
activity: a cyclic alcohol + a quinone = a cyclic ketone + a quinol.
comment: This enzyme oxidizes a wide variety of cyclic alcohols.
comment: Some minor enzyme activity is found with aliphatic secondary alcohols and sugar alcohols, but not primary alcohols.
comment: The enzyme is unable to catalyze the reverse reaction of cyclic ketones or aldehydes to cyclic alcohols.
comment: This enzyme differs from EC 1.1.5.5, which shows activity with ethanol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11826975
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a cyclic alcohol + a quinone = a cyclic ketone + a quinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.25
alternative label: NAD(P)(+)-independent quinate dehydrogenase
alternative label: quinate dehydrogenase (quinone)
activity: a quinone + L-quinate = 3-dehydroquinate + a quinol.
comment: The enzyme is membrane-bound.
comment: Does not use NAD(P)(+) as acceptor.
comment: Contains pyrroloquinoline-quinone. cf. EC 1.1.1.24, EC 1.1.1.1.25, and EC 1.1.1.282.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3044290
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14586099
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15598527
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + L-quinate = 3-dehydroquinate + a quinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.10
alternative label: FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase
alternative label: glucose dehydrogenase (Aspergillus)
activity: a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor. cf. EC 1.1.5.2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6034674
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6413974
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12573242
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12770264
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21903757
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22151971
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + D-glucose = a quinol + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-2-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-lactate dehydrogenase
activity: a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + a quinone = a 2-oxocarboxylate + a quinol.
comment: (R)-lactate, (R)-malate and meso-tartrate are good substrates.
comment: Ubiquinone-1 and the dye 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptors; NAD(+) and NADP(+) are not acceptors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/236454
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5359443
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13839714
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13922962
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate + a quinone = a 2-oxocarboxylate + a quinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-butanol dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
activity: a quinone + butan-1-ol = a quinol + butanal.
comment: This periplasmic quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, characterized from the bacterium Thauera butanivorans, is involved in butane degradation. cf. EC 1.1.2.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11889098
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12142403
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + butan-1-ol = a quinol + butanal.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-lactate dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-lactate + a quinone = a quinol + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme is a peripheral membrane dehydrogenase that participates in respiration.
comment: Electrons derived from D-lactate oxidation are transferred to the membrane soluble quinone pool.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2185834
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3013300
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4575624
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4582730
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10944213
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

(R)-lactate + a quinone = a quinol + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Escherichia coli, contains an FAD cofactor that is not covalently attached.
comment: It is bound to the cytoplasmic membrane and is coupled to the membrane quinone pool.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18390652
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30498244
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + a quinone = 2-oxoglutarate + a quinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

fructose 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.11
alternative label: D-fructose dehydrogenase
activity: a ubiquinone + keto-D-fructose = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + a ubiquinol.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Gluconobacter japonicus, is a heterotrimer composed of an FAD-containing large subunit, a small subunit, and a heme c-containing subunit, which is responsible for anchoring the complex to the cytoplasmic membrane and for transferring the electrons to ubiquinone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4053391
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6059959
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23275508
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a ubiquinone + keto-D-fructose = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + a ubiquinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinoprotein inositol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: membrane-bound quinoprotein inositol dehydrogenase
alternative label: PQQ-dependent inositol dehydrogenase
alternative label: QIDH
activity: myo-inositol + pyrroloquinoline quinone = H(+) + pyrroloquinoline quinol + scyllo-inosose.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17259621
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

myo-inositol + pyrroloquinoline quinone = H(+) + pyrroloquinoline quinol + scyllo-inosose.
type: Catalytic Activity

With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase

4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.7.9
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.20
activity: benzoyl-CoA + H2O + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: A molybdenum-flavin-iron-sulfur protein that is involved in the anaerobic pathway of phenol metabolism in bacteria.
comment: A ferredoxin with two [4Fe-4S] clusters functions as the natural electron donor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2753161
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8477729
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9057820
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9490068
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9683649
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

benzoyl-CoA + H2O + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With a copper protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin)

alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.98.1
alternative label: QHEDH
activity: a primary alcohol + 2 oxidized [azurin] = an aldehyde + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [azurin].
comment: Occurs in Comamonas and Pseudomonas.
comment: Does not require an amine activator.
comment: Oxidizes a wide range of primary and secondary alcohols, and also aldehydes and large substrates such as sterols; methanol is not a substrate.
comment: Usually assayed with phenazine methosulfate or ferricyanide.
comment: Like all other quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases it has an 8-bladed 'propeller' structure, a calcium ion bound to the PQQ in the active site and an unusual disulfide ring structure in close proximity to the PQQ.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3521592
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7626615
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7730276
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10320337
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11714714
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12057198
subclass of: With a copper protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a copper protein as acceptor

a primary alcohol + 2 oxidized [azurin] = an aldehyde + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [azurin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With other, known, acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme-F420)
narrower transitive: decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: F420H2:quinone oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase (coenzyme-F420)
narrower transitive: ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase (formate)
narrower transitive: serine-type anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.98.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: alcohol dehydrogenase (azurin)
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme-F420)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.34
alternative label: coenzyme F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: The enzyme is very specific for D-glucose 6-phosphate.
comment: No activity with NAD(+), NADP(+), flavin adenine dinucleotide and flavin mononucleotide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8631674
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8997717
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17376702
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

D-glucose 6-phosphate + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 6-phospho-D-glucono-1,5-lactone + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: decaprenylphosphoryl-beta-D-ribofuranose 2'-epimerase
activity: FAD + H(+) + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose = FADH2 + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosid-2-ulose.
comment: The enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis, is involved, along with EC 1.1.1.333 in the epimerization of trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose to trans,octacis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-arabinofuranose, the arabinosyl donor for the biosynthesis of mycobacterial cell wall arabinan polymers.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22069462
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22188377
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

FAD + H(+) + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-ribofuranose = FADH2 + trans,octa-cis-decaprenylphospho-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosid-2-ulose.
type: Catalytic Activity

F420H2:quinone oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a quinol + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = a quinone + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8055920
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10971593
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

a quinol + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = a quinone + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

secondary-alcohol dehydrogenase (coenzyme-F420)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: F420-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: F420-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase
activity: a secondary alcohol + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = a ketone + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: The enzyme isolated from the methanogenic archaea Methanogenium liminatans catalyzes the reversible oxidation of various secondary and cyclic alcohols to the corresponding ketones.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1879431
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15016352
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

a secondary alcohol + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = a ketone + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase (formate)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase
activity: a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + formate + H(+) = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + CO2 + H2O.
comment: The enzyme, which is expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli during anaerobic growth, contains an iron sulfur center.
comment: The active form of the enzyme contains an oxygen-sensitive glycyl (1-amino-2-oxoethan-1-yl) radical that is generated by the activating enzyme NrdG via chemistry involving S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and a [4Fe-4S] cluster.
comment: The glycyl radical is involved in generation of a transient thiyl (sulfanyl) radical on a cysteine residue, which attacks the substrate, forming a ribonucleotide 3'-radical, followed by water loss to form a ketyl (alpha-oxoalkyl) radical.
comment: The ketyl radical gains an electron from a cysteine residue and a proton from formic acid, forming 3'-keto-deoxyribonucleotide and generating a thiosulfuranyl (1lambda(4)-disulfan-1-yl) radical bridge between methionine and cysteine residues.
comment: Oxidation of formate by the thiosulfuranyl radical results in the release of CO2 and regeneration of the thiyl radical. cf. EC 1.17.4.1 and EC 1.17.4.2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1460049
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7568012
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8381402
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9305874
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24827372
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + formate + H(+) = a 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + CO2 + H2O.
type: Catalytic Activity

serine-type anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme
type: Enzyme
activity: L-seryl-[sulfatase] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + 5'-deoxyadenosine + H(+) + L-methionine.
comment: A bacterial radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) enzyme that contains three [4Fe-4S] clusters.
comment: The enzyme, found in some bacteria, activates a type I sulfatase enzyme (EC 3.1.6.1) by converting a conserved L-serine residue in the active site to a unique 3-oxo-L-alanine residue that is essential for the sulfatase activity.
comment: While the enzyme from Klebsiella pneumoniae is specific for L-serine, the enzyme from Clostridium perfringens can also act on L-cysteine, see EC 1.8.98.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10336424
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14749327
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18558715
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

L-seryl-[sulfatase] + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + 5'-deoxyadenosine + H(+) + L-methionine.
type: Catalytic Activity

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-OH group of donors
narrower transitive: choline dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: D-lactate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: lactate--malate transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: sorbose dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: glycolate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin)
narrower transitive: glucose-fructose oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: 2-oxo-acid reductase
narrower transitive: (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-sorbose 1-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein)
narrower transitive: methanol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein)
narrower transitive: 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine dehydrogenase (AdoMet-dependent)
narrower transitive: D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate--pyruvate transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxy-1,2-didehydro-2,3-dihydrotabersonine reductase
narrower transitive: 4-pyridoxate dehydrogenase

choline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: choline-cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: choline oxidase
activity: A + choline = AH2 + betaine aldehyde.
comment: In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized using different enzymes to catalyze the conversion of (1) choline into betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde into betaine.
comment: In plants, the first reaction is catalyzed by EC 1.14.15.7 whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either EC 1.1.99.1 or EC 1.1.3.17.
comment: The enzyme involved in the second step, EC 1.2.1.8, appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12466265
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12676692
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13249959
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + choline = AH2 + betaine aldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-hydroxyglutarate oxidoreductase
alternative label: alpha-ketoglutarate reductase
alternative label: hydroxyglutaric dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-alpha-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

gluconate 2-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
activity: A + D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + AH2.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-gluconate = 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

dehydrogluconate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ketogluconate dehydrogenase
activity: 2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH2.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2-dehydro-D-gluconate + A = 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

D-lactate dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-lactate + A = AH2 + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus cannot utilize NAD(+), cytochrome C, methylene blue or dimethylnaphthoquinone as acceptors.
comment: In vitro it is active with artificial electron acceptors such as 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, but the physiological acceptor is not yet known.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10601217
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(R)-lactate + A = AH2 + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

lactate--malate transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = (S)-malate + pyruvate.
comment: Catalyzes hydrogen transfer from C3 or C4 (S)-2-hydroxy acids to 2-oxo acids.
comment: Contains tightly bound nicotinamide nucleotide in its active center.
comment: This prosthetic group cannot be removed without denaturation of the protein.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4289051
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4333516
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(S)-lactate + oxaloacetate = (S)-malate + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
replaced by: alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

pyridoxine 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: pyridoxol 5-dehydrogenase
activity: A + pyridoxine = AH2 + isopyridoxal.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5769992
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + pyridoxine = AH2 + isopyridoxal.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: glucose 1-dehydrogenase (FAD, quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: fructose 5-dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

sorbose dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + keto-L-sorbose = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH2.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5354025
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + keto-L-sorbose = 5-dehydro-D-fructose + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucoside 3-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-aldohexopyranoside dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-glucoside 3-dehydrogenase
activity: A + sucrose = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside + AH2.
comment: The enzymes from members of the Rhizobiaceae family (such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens) act on disaccharides that contain a glucose moiety at the non-reducing end, such as sucrose, trehalose, leucrose, palatinose, trehalulose, and maltitol, forming the respective 3'-keto derivatives. cf. EC 1.1.2.11.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16042015
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23772075
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24142427
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + sucrose = 3-dehydro-alpha-D-glucosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycolate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycolate oxidoreductase
alternative label: glycolic acid dehydrogenase
activity: A + glycolate = AH2 + glyoxylate.
comment: Also acts on (R)-lactate.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol and phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4557653
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + glycolate = AH2 + glyoxylate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.15
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.16
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: malate dehydrogenase (quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.17
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ, quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

cellobiose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.25
alternative label: CBOR
alternative label: CDH
alternative label: cellobiose dehydrogenase
alternative label: cellobiose dehydrogenase (quinone)
alternative label: cellobiose oxidase
alternative label: cellobiose oxidoreductase
alternative label: cellobiose-quinone oxidoreductase
activity: A + D-cellobiose = AH2 + D-cellobiono-1,5-lactone.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on cello-oligosaccharides, lactose and D-glucosyl-1,4-beta-D-mannose.
comment: The enzyme from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is unusual in having two redoxin domains, one containing a flavin and the other a protoheme group.
comment: It transfers reducing equivalents from cellobiose to two types of redox acceptor: two-electron oxidants, including redox dyes, benzoquinones, and molecular oxygen, and one-electron oxidants, including semiquinone species, iron(II) complexes, and the model acceptor cytochrome c.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor in vitro.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/710416
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7103940
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7144569
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8392950
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11282631
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11786022
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12686420
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-cellobiose = AH2 + D-cellobiono-1,5-lactone.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.19
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.99.4
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

alkan-1-ol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: polyethylene glycol dehydrogenase
activity: A + a primary alcohol = AH2 + an aldehyde.
comment: Acts on C3-C16 linear-chain saturated primary alcohols, C4-C7 aldehydes and on non-ionic surfactants containing polyethylene glycol residues, such as Tween 40 and 60, but not on methanol and only very slowly on ethanol.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + a primary alcohol = AH2 + an aldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-sorbitol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
activity: A + D-sorbitol = AH2 + keto-L-sorbose.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-sorbitol = AH2 + keto-L-sorbose.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
activity: A + glycerol = AH2 + dihydroxyacetone.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on a number of other polyols including D-sorbitol, D-arabinitol, meso-erythritol, adonitol and propylene glycol.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + glycerol = AH2 + dihydroxyacetone.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.23
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate.
activity: 2-oxoglutarate + 4-hydroxybutanoate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate semialdehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3182820
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + acetoacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxoglutarate + 4-hydroxybutanoate = (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + succinate semialdehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.25
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: quinate/shikimate dehydrogenase (quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

3-hydroxycyclohexanone dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH2 + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol and methylene blue can act as acceptors.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

3-hydroxycyclohexanone + A = AH2 + cyclohexane-1,3-dione.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-pantolactone dehydrogenase (flavin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-pantoyllactone dehydrogenase (flavin)
alternative label: 2-dehydropantolactone reductase (flavin)
alternative label: 2-dehydropantoyl-lactone reductase (flavin)
activity: (R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH2.
comment: High specificity for (R)-pantolactone.
comment: Phenazine methosulfate (PMS) can act as acceptor.
comment: The enzyme has been studied in Nocardia asteroides and shown to be membrane-bound and induced by 1,2-propanediol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1541293
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(R)-pantolactone + A = 2-dehydropantolactone + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

glucose-fructose oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + D-sorbitol.
comment: D-mannose, D-xylose, D-galactose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and L-arabinose will function as aldose substrates, but with low affinities.
comment: The ketose substrate must be in the open-chain form.
comment: The apparent affinity for fructose is low, because little of the fructose substrate is in the open-chain form.
comment: Xylulose and glycerone (dihydroxyacetone) will replace fructose, but they are poor substrates.
comment: The enzyme from Zymomonas mobilis contains tightly bound NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1537789
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

D-fructose + D-glucose = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + D-sorbitol.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyranose dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PDH
alternative label: pyranose dehydrogenase
alternative label: pyranose-quinone oxidoreductase
alternative label: quinone-dependent pyranose dehydrogenase
activity: pyranose + acceptor = pyranos-2-ulose + reduced acceptor.
activity: pyranose + acceptor = pyranos-3-ulose + reduced acceptor.
activity: pyranose + acceptor = pyranos-2,3-diulose + reduced acceptor.
activity: a pyranoside + acceptor = a pyranosid-3-ulose + reduced acceptor.
activity: a pyranoside + acceptor = a pyranosid-3,4-diulose + reduced acceptor.
comment: A number of aldoses and ketoses in pyranose form, as well as glycosides, gluco-oligosaccharides, sucrose and lactose can act as a donor.
comment: 1,4-Benzoquinone or ferricenium ion (ferrocene oxidized by removal of one electron) can serve as acceptor.
comment: Unlike EC 1.1.3.10, this fungal enzyme does not interact with O2 and exhibits extremely broad substrate tolerance with variable regioselectivity (C-3, C-2 or C-3 + C-2 or C-3 + C-4) for (di)oxidation of different sugars.
comment: D-glucose is exclusively or preferentially oxidized at C-3 (depending on the enzyme source), but can also be oxidized at C-2 + C-3.
comment: The enzyme also acts on 1->4-alpha- and 1->4-beta-gluco-oligosaccharides, non-reducing gluco-oligosaccharides and L-arabinose, which are not substrates of EC 1.1.3.10.
comment: Sugars are oxidized in their pyranose but not in their furanose form.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9042751
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11086703
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11511865
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

pyranose + acceptor = pyranos-2-ulose + reduced acceptor.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyranose + acceptor = pyranos-3-ulose + reduced acceptor.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyranose + acceptor = pyranos-2,3-diulose + reduced acceptor.
type: Catalytic Activity

a pyranoside + acceptor = a pyranosid-3-ulose + reduced acceptor.
type: Catalytic Activity

a pyranoside + acceptor = a pyranosid-3,4-diulose + reduced acceptor.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxo-acid reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (2R)-hydroxycarboxylate-viologen-oxidoreductase
alternative label: 2-oxoacid reductase
alternative label: HVOR
activity: A + a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate = a 2-oxocarboxylate + AH2.
comment: Has broad substrate specificity, with 2-oxo-monocarboxylates and 2-oxo-dicarboxylates acting as substrates.
comment: Branching in a substrate at the C-3 position results in loss of activity.
comment: The enzyme from Proteus sp. is inactivated by oxygen.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8026480
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + a (2R)-2-hydroxycarboxylate = a 2-oxocarboxylate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-mandelate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase
alternative label: MDH
activity: (S)-mandelate + A = AH2 + phenylglyoxylate.
comment: While all enzymes of this family oxidize the (S)-enantiomer of an alpha-hydroxy acid to an alpha-oxo acid, the ultimate oxidant (oxygen, intramolecular heme or some other acceptor) depends on the particular enzyme.
comment: Transfers the electron pair from FMNH2 to a component of the electron transport chain, most probably ubiquinone.
comment: It is part of a metabolic pathway in Pseudomonads that allows these organisms to utilize mandelic acid, derivatized from the common soil metabolite amygdalin, as the sole source of carbon and energy.
comment: Has a large active-site pocket and preferentially binds substrates with longer sidechains, e.g. 2-hydroxyoctanoate rather than 2-hydroxybutyrate.
comment: It also prefers substrates that, like (S)-mandelate, have beta unsaturation, e.g. (indol-3-yl)glycolate compared with (indol-3-yl)lactate.
comment: Esters of mandelate, such as methyl (S)-mandelate, are also substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10231535
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14967029
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15311930
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(S)-mandelate + A = AH2 + phenylglyoxylate.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-sorbose 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: SDH
activity: A + L-sorbopyranose = 1-dehydro-L-sorbose + AH2.
comment: The product, 1-dehydro-L-sorbose, is an intermediate in bacterial 2-keto-L-gulonic-acid formation.
comment: The activity of this membrane-bound enzyme is stimulated by Fe(III) or Co(2+) but is inhibited by Cu(2+).
comment: Highly specific for L-sorbose as other sugars, such as glucose, mannitol and sorbitol, are not substrates.
comment: Phenazine methosulfate and DCIP can act as artificial acceptors.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + L-sorbopyranose = 1-dehydro-L-sorbose + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.33
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.98.4
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.34
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme-F420)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-dependent)
alternative label: soluble glucose dehydrogenase
activity: A + D-glucose = AH2 + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
comment: Soluble periplasmic enzyme containing PQQ as prosthetic group, bound to a calcium ion.
comment: Electron acceptor is not known.
comment: It is assayed with Wurster's Blue or phenazine methosulfate.
comment: It has negligible sequence or structure similarity to other quinoproteins.
comment: It catalyzes an exceptionally high rate of oxidation of a wide range of aldose sugars, including D-glucose, galactose, arabinose and xylose, and also the disaccharides lactose, cellobiose and maltose.
comment: It has been described only in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2551369
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2834325
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3800975
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10933491
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-glucose = AH2 + D-glucono-1,5-lactone.
type: Catalytic Activity

alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NDMA-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase
alternative label: nicotinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase
activity: A + ethanol = acetaldehyde + AH2.
activity: ethanol + N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline = 4-(hydroxylamino)-N,N-dimethylaniline + acetaldehyde.
comment: Nicotinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases are unique medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (MDR) alcohol dehydrogenases that have a tightly bound NAD(+)/NADH cofactor that does not dissociate during the catalytic process.
comment: Instead, the cofactor is regenerated by a second substrate or electron carrier.
comment: While the in vivo electron acceptor is not known, N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (NDMA) can serve this function in vitro.
comment: The enzyme from the Gram-positive bacterium Amycolatopsis methanolica can accept many primary alcohols as substrates, including benzylalcohol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8385013
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9485460
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10784035
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12827287
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14690248
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + ethanol = acetaldehyde + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

ethanol + N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline = 4-(hydroxylamino)-N,N-dimethylaniline + acetaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

methanol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NDMA-dependent methanol dehydrogenase
alternative label: nicotinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase
activity: A + methanol = AH2 + formaldehyde.
comment: Nicotinoprotein methanol dehydrogenases have a tightly bound NADP+/NADPH cofactor that does not dissociate during the catalytic process.
comment: Instead, the cofactor is regenerated by a second substrate or electron carrier.
comment: While the in vivo electron acceptor is not known, N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (NDMA) can serve this function in vitro.
comment: The enzyme has been detected in several Gram-positive methylotrophic bacteria, including Amycolatopsis methanolica, Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Rhodococcus erythropolis.
comment: These enzymes are decameric, and possess a 5-fold symmetry.
comment: Some of the enzymes can also dismutate formaldehyde to methanol and formate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1995642
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8385013
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8449887
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12351635
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19875438
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + methanol = AH2 + formaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine dehydrogenase (AdoMet-dependent)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + 5'-deoxyadenosine + H(+) + L-methionine.
comment: Involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the aminoglycoside antibiotics of the butirosin family.
comment: The enzyme from Bacillus circulans was shown to be a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme. cf. EC 1.1.1.329.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18001019
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18672902
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose + 5'-deoxyadenosine + H(+) + L-methionine.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2.
comment: The enzyme has no activity with NAD(+) or NADP(+), and was assayed in vitro using artificial electron acceptors.
comment: It has lower activity with (R)-lactate, (R)-2-hydroxybutyrate and meso-tartrate, and no activity with the (S) isomers.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15070399
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19586914
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + A = 2-oxoglutarate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate--pyruvate transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = (R)-lactate + 2-oxoglutarate.
activity: (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + oxaloacetate = (R)-malate + 2-oxoglutarate.
comment: The enzyme, characterized in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also functions as EC 1.1.2.4 and is active with oxaloacetate as electron acceptor forming (R)-malate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26774271
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyruvate = (R)-lactate + 2-oxoglutarate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-2-hydroxyglutarate + oxaloacetate = (R)-malate + 2-oxoglutarate.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxy-1,2-didehydro-2,3-dihydrotabersonine reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: T3R
alternative label: tabersonine 3-reductase
activity: (3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + A = (3R)-1,2-didehydro-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + AH2.
activity: (3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + A = (3R)-1,2-didehydro-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + AH2.
comment: This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of vindoline and vindorosine in the plant Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle).
comment: In vivo, it functions in the direction of reduction.
comment: It has no activity with 3-epoxylated compounds, which can form spontaneously from its unstable substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25918424
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(3R)-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + A = (3R)-1,2-didehydro-3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + A = (3R)-1,2-didehydro-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-pyridoxate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-pyridoxate + A = 5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate + AH2.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. MA-1 and Mesorhizobium loti, participates in the degradation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
comment: It is membrane bound and contains FAD.
comment: The enzyme has been assayed in vitro in the presence of the artificial electron acceptor dichloroindophenol (DCPIP).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6348042
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18216065
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

4-pyridoxate + A = 5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other, known, acceptors
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
narrower transitive: aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)
narrower transitive: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (phosphorylating)
narrower transitive: malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating)
narrower transitive: malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
narrower transitive: aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase system
narrower transitive: 2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA acylating)
narrower transitive: benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: carboxylate reductase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (R)-dehydropantoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: retinal dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase
narrower transitive: phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
narrower transitive: cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: formaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: butanal dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating)
narrower transitive: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)(+)) (phosphorylating)
narrower transitive: 5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: vanillin dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutamyl-tRNA reductase
narrower transitive: succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: malonyl CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
narrower transitive: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
narrower transitive: 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: 2-formylbenzoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
narrower transitive: sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
narrower transitive: beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase
narrower transitive: 3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: 2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: geranial dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: propanal dehydrogenase (CoA-propanoylating)
narrower transitive: L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/4.4.1.22
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.9
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.70
activity: an aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: acetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = acetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Wide specificity, including oxidation of D-glucuronolactone to D-glucarate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = acetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: an aldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: acetaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = acetate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13061400
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acetaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = acetate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: an aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: an aldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4293780
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

an aldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = a carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: benzaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = benzoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4383635
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

benzaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = benzoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: BADH
alternative label: betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: betaine aldehyde oxidase
activity: betaine aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycine betaine + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine.
comment: This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria.
comment: In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction.
comment: In plants, this reaction is catalyzed by EC 1.14.15.7, whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalyzed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 or soluble EC 1.1.3.17.
comment: In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 and EC 2.1.1.157.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9792097
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12466265
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12604197
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12736784
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13192104
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

betaine aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycine betaine + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: triosephosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP(+) = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP(+) = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: acylating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: aldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
activity: acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD(+) = acetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on glycolaldehyde, propanal and butanal.
comment: In several bacterial species this enzyme forms a bifunctional complex with EC 4.1.3.39.
comment: The enzymes from the bacteria Burkholderia xenovorans and Thermus thermophilus also perform the reaction of EC 1.2.1.87.
comment: Involved in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of phenols, methylphenols and catechols.
comment: NADP(+) can replace NAD(+) but the rate of reaction is much slower.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7458347
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8419288
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13061511
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19476337
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22316175
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

acetaldehyde + CoA + NAD(+) = acetyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ASA dehydrogenase
alternative label: aspartic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
activity: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = 4-phospho-L-aspartate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (phosphorylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GAPDH
alternative label: NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: triosephosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts very slowly on D-glyceraldehyde and some other aldehydes; thiols can replace phosphate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) (phosphorylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
alternative label: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NADP+)
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADP(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADP(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.14
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: IMP dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-oxopropanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + malonate + NADPH.
activity: 3-oxopropanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + malonate + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxopropanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + malonate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxopropanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + malonate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NADP(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADPH + succinate.
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + succinate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NADP(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADPH + succinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + NAD(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + succinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: CoA + glyoxylate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + glyoxylate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + oxalyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP(+) = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
activity: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP(+) = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.35
alternative label: 1-pyrroline dehydrogenase
alternative label: 4-aminobutanal dehydrogenase
alternative label: ABALDH
alternative label: gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: 4-aminobutanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-aminobutanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from some species exhibits broad substrate specificity and has a marked preference for straight-chain aldehydes (up to 7 carbon atoms) as substrates.
comment: The plant enzyme also acts on 4-guanidinobutanal (cf. EC 1.2.1.54).
comment: As 1-pyrroline and 4-aminobutanal are in equilibrium and can be interconverted spontaneously, 1-pyrroline may act as the starting substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1538141
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3129020
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3510672
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4817964
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13673029
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16023116
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16663901
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-aminobutanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-aminobutanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutarate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5-oxopentanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = glutarate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from multiple Pseudomonas strains, participates in L-lysine degradation.
comment: Unlike earlier claims, it prefers NADP(+) to NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/405455
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/914857
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17388807
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5-oxopentanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = glutarate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glycolaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycolate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycolaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = glycolate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

lactaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-lactaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (S)-lactate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4310089
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5821022
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-lactaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (S)-lactate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: methylglyoxal dehydrogenase
activity: 2-oxoaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.2.1.49.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4383524
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7107625
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7107626
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-oxoaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + succinate.
comment: This enzyme participates in the degradation of glutamate and 4-aminobutyrate.
comment: It is similar to EC 1.2.1.79 and EC 1.2.1.16 but is specific for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3190233
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10517851
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13860092
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + succinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase system
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase (acylating)
alternative label: branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
activity: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
activity: (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
activity: 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
comment: This enzyme system catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of branched-chain alpha-keto acids derived from L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine to branched-chain acyl-CoAs.
comment: It belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase system family, which also includes EC 1.2.1.104, EC 1.2.1.105, EC 1.4.1.27 and EC 2.3.1.190.
comment: With the exception of the glycine cleavage system, which contains 4 components, the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase systems share a common structure, consisting of three main components, namely a 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (E1), a dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
comment: The reaction catalyzed by this system is the sum of three activities: EC 1.2.4.4, EC 2.3.1.168 and EC 1.8.1.4.
comment: The system also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/283398
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4308861
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9381974
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10745006
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11477096
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + CoA + NAD(+) = 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,5-dioxovalerate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,5-dioxopentanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (CoA acylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
alternative label: MMSA dehydrogenase
alternative label: MSDH
activity: 2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + propanoyl-CoA.
comment: Also converts 3-oxopropanoate into acetyl-CoA.
comment: The reaction occurs in two steps with the decarboxylation process preceding CoA-binding.
comment: Bicarbonate rather than CO2 is released as a final product.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4297649
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15272169
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16332250
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-methyl-3-oxopropanoate + CoA + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + hydrogencarbonate + NADH + propanoyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

benzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: benzaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = benzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

benzaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = benzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: an aromatic aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = an aromatic carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Oxidizes a number of aromatic aldehydes, but not aliphatic aldehydes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4289834
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an aromatic aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = an aromatic carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

carboxylate reductase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aryl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
activity: AMP + an aromatic aldehyde + diphosphate + NADP(+) = an aromatic carboxylate + ATP + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme contains an adenylation domain, a phosphopantetheinyl binding domain, and a reductase domain, and requires activation by attachment of a phosphopantetheinyl group.
comment: The enzyme activates its substrate to an adenylate form, followed by a transfer to the phosphopantetheinyl binding domain.
comment: The resulting thioester is subsequently transferred to the reductase domain, where it is reduced to an aldehyde and released.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389863
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4405494
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17102130
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28223183
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

AMP + an aromatic aldehyde + diphosphate + NADP(+) = an aromatic carboxylate + ATP + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: 2-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-aminoadipate reductase
alternative label: alpha-aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-alpha-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde oxidoreductase
activity: (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH.
activity: (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + L-2-aminoadipate + NADH.
comment: (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate undergoes a spontaneous dehydration forming the cyclic (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2-carboxylate, which serves as a substrate for the hydrogenation reaction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4285660
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9355735
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11098140
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + L-2-aminoadipate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

aminomuconate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on 2-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-aminomuconate 6-semialdehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-dehydropantoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-aldopantoate dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4287371
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-4-dehydropantoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (R)-3,3-dimethylmalate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.34
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: mannuronate reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.35
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: uronate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

retinal dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + retinal = 2 H(+) + NADH + retinoate.
activity: all-trans-retinal + H2O + NAD(+) = all-trans-retinoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts on both the 11-trans- and 13-cis-forms of retinal.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4312676
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + retinal = 2 H(+) + NADH + retinoate.
type: Catalytic Activity

all-trans-retinal + H2O + NAD(+) = all-trans-retinoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.37
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.4
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

N-acetyl-gamma-glutamyl-phosphate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: N-acetyl-glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAGSA dehydrogenase
activity: N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = H(+) + N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13863980
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = H(+) + N-acetyl-L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 2-phenylacetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-phenylacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 2-phenylacetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.40
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-glutamylphosphate reductase
alternative label: Gamma-glutamylphosphate reductase
alternative label: Glutamyl-gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
activity: L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = H(+) + L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4399189
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NADP(+) + phosphate = H(+) + L-glutamyl 5-phosphate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: fatty acyl-CoA reductase
activity: CoA + hexadecanal + NAD(+) = H(+) + hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on octadecanoyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4343165
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + hexadecanal + NAD(+) = H(+) + hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.43
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.10
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (E)-cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-sinapoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on a number of substituted cinnamoyl esters of coenzyme A.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7454
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/236926
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6365550
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(E)-cinnamaldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-sinapaldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-sinapoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.45
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

formaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: formaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = formate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7461603
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

formaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = formate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-trimethylammoniobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-(trimethylamino)butanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-(trimethylamino)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6770910
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-(trimethylamino)butanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-(trimethylamino)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain-aldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a long-chain fatty acid + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The best substrate is dodecylaldehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/36040
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5499619
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a long-chain fatty aldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = a long-chain fatty acid + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-ketoaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: methylglyoxal dehydrogenase
activity: 2-oxoaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.2.1.23.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7107625
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7107626
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-oxoaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain-fatty-acyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: acyl-CoA reductase
activity: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Together with EC 6.2.1.19 forms a fatty acid reductase system which produces the substrate of EC 1.14.14.3, thus being part of the bacterial luciferase system.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7085612
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a long-chain fatty aldehyde + CoA + NADP(+) = a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyruvate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: pyruvate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase
activity: CoA + NADP(+) + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: The Euglena enzyme can also use FAD or methylviologen as acceptor, more slowly.
comment: Inhibited by oxygen.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3110154
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6438078
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + NADP(+) + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP(+) = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.
comment: The Euglena enzyme can also use NAD(+) as acceptor, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6438078
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NADP(+) = CO2 + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: With EC 4.2.1.87, brings about the metabolism of octopamine in Pseudomonas.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3034855
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-guanidinobutanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the degradation of arginine in Pseudomonas putida (cf. EC 1.2.1.19).
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-guanidinobutanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-guanidinobutanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.55
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (R)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.56
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (S)-3-hydroxyacid-ester dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

butanal dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: butanal + CoA + NAD(+) = butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: butanal + CoA + NADP(+) = butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on acetaldehyde, but more slowly.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

butanal + CoA + NAD(+) = butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

butanal + CoA + NADP(+) = butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phenylglyoxylate dehydrogenase (acylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: CoA + NAD(+) + phenylglyoxylate = benzoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Azoarcus evansii is specific for phenylglyoxylate.
comment: 2-oxoisovalerate is oxidized at 15% of the rate for phenylglyoxylate.
comment: Also reduces viologen dyes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9490067
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + NAD(+) + phenylglyoxylate = benzoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)(+)) (phosphorylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD(P)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
alternative label: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)(+))
alternative label: triosephosphate dehydrogenase (NAD(P))
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADP(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: NAD(+) and NADP(+) can be used as cofactors with similar efficiency, unlike EC 1.2.1.12 and EC 1.2.1.13, which are NAD(+)- and NADP(+)-dependent, respectively.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9226260
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NADP(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) + phosphate = (2R)-3-phospho-glyceroyl phosphate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5-carboxymethyl-2-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: carboxymethylhydroxymuconic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
activity: 2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (2E,4Z)-5-hydroxypenta-2,4-diene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the tyrosine degradation pathway in Arthrobacter sp.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20216
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6756482
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6995433
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hydroxy-5-carboxymethylmuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (2E,4Z)-5-hydroxypenta-2,4-diene-1,2,5-tricarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxymuconic-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cis,trans-4-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + maleylacetate + NADH.
comment: Involved in the 4-nitrophenol degradation pathway.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis,trans-4-hydroxymuconate semialdehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + maleylacetate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-formylbenzenesulfonate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the toluene-4-sulfonate degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8828208
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9006050
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-formylbenzenesulfonate + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-sulfobenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + hexanedioate + NADPH.
comment: Last step in the cyclohexanol degradation pathway in Acinetobacter sp.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1261
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/856571
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-oxohexanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + hexanedioate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The bacterial enzyme (characterized from an unidentified denitrifying bacterium) is involved in an anaerobic toluene degradation pathway.
comment: The plant enzyme is involved in formation of 4-hydroxybenzoate, a cell wall-bound phenolic acid that plays a major role in plant defense against pathogens. cf. EC 1.2.1.96.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2722739
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17658659
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

salicylaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + salicylaldehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + salicylate.
comment: Involved in the naphthalene degradation pathway in some bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1447127
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + salicylaldehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + salicylate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.66
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: S-(hydroxymethyl)mycothiol dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

vanillin dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + vanillin = 2 H(+) + NADH + vanillate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6870241
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + vanillin = 2 H(+) + NADH + vanillate.
type: Catalytic Activity

coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (E)-coniferaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = (E)-ferulate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (E)-coniferaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (E)-ferulate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also oxidizes other aromatic aldehydes, but not aliphatic aldehydes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9721273
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(E)-coniferaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = (E)-ferulate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(E)-coniferaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (E)-ferulate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

fluoroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: fluoroacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = fluoroacetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Streptomyces cattleya has a high affinity for fluoroacetate and glycolaldehyde but not for acetaldehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11571203
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12738270
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

fluoroacetaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = fluoroacetate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutamyl-tRNA reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP(+) + tRNA(Glu) = H(+) + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + NADPH.
comment: Forms part of the pathway for the biosynthesis of 5-aminolevulinate from glutamate, known as the C5 pathway, which is used in most eubacteria, and in all archaebacteria, algae and plants.
comment: However, in the alpha-proteobacteria EC 2.3.1.37 is used in an alternative route to produce the product 5-aminolevulinate from succinyl-CoA and glycine.
comment: This route is found in the mitochondria of fungi and animals, organelles that are considered to be derived from an endosymbiotic alpha-proteobacterium.
comment: Although higher plants do not possess EC 2.3.1.37, the protistan Euglena gracilis possesses both the C5 pathway and EC 2.3.1.37.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7957167
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12242396
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12370189
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate + NADP(+) + tRNA(Glu) = H(+) + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

succinylglutamate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: N-succinylglutamate 5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: SGSD
alternative label: succinylglutamic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + N-succinyl-L-glutamate + NADH.
comment: This is the fourth enzyme in the arginine succinyltransferase (AST) pathway for the catabolism of arginine.
comment: This pathway converts the carbon skeleton of arginine into glutamate, with the concomitant production of ammonia and conversion of succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA.
comment: The five enzymes involved in this pathway are EC 2.3.1.109, EC 3.5.3.23, EC 2.6.1.11, EC 1.2.1.71 and EC 3.5.1.96.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2865249
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3144259
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3534538
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7523119
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9393691
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9696779
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N-succinyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + N-succinyl-L-glutamate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

erythrose-4-phosphate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: E4P dehydrogenase
alternative label: E4PDH
alternative label: erythrose 4-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Was originally thought to be an EC 1.2.1.12, but this has since been disproved, as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is not a substrate.
comment: Forms part of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate coenzyme biosynthesis pathway in Escherichia coli, along with EC 1.1.1.290, EC 2.6.1.52, EC 1.1.1.262, EC 2.6.99.2 and EC 1.4.3.5.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7751290
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9182530
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9696782
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-erythrose 4-phosphate + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-phospho-D-erythronate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + sulfoacetate.
comment: Part of a bacterial pathway that can utilize the amino group of taurine as a sole source of nitrogen for growth.
comment: At physiological concentrations, NAD(+) cannot be replaced by NADP(+).
comment: Specific for sulfoacetaldehyde, as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, betaine aldehyde, propanal, glyceraldehyde, phosphonoaldehyde, glyoxylate, glycolaldehyde and 2-oxobutyrate are not substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18506422
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde = 2 H(+) + NADH + sulfoacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

abieta-7,13-dien-18-al dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: abietadienal dehydrogenase
activity: abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O + NAD(+) = abieta-7,13-dien-18-oate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Abietic acid is the principle component of conifer resin.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes the last step of the pathway of abietic acid biosynthesis in Abies grandis (grand fir).
comment: The activity has been demonstrated in cell-free stem extracts of A. grandis, was present in the cytoplasm, and required NAD(+) as cofactor.
comment: The enzyme is expressed constitutively at a high level, and is not inducible by wounding of the plant tissue.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8311462
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12232380
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

abieta-7,13-dien-18-al + H2O + NAD(+) = abieta-7,13-dien-18-oate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

malonyl CoA reductase (malonate semialdehyde-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: malonyl CoA reductase (NADP)
alternative label: NADP-dependent malonyl CoA reductase
activity: 3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP(+) = H(+) + malonyl-CoA + NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes the reduction of malonyl-CoA to malonate semialdehyde, a key step in the 3-hydroxypropanoate and the 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycles, autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways found in some green non-sulfur phototrophic bacteria and some thermoacidophilic archaea, respectively.
comment: The enzyme from Sulfolobus tokodaii has been purified, and found to contain one RNA molecule per two subunits.
comment: The enzyme from Chloroflexus aurantiacus is bifunctional, and also catalyzes the next reaction in the pathway, EC 1.1.1.298.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8354269
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11948153
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17041055
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18079405
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxopropanoate + CoA + NADP(+) = H(+) + malonyl-CoA + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (acetylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: coenzyme-A-dependent succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
alternative label: succinyl-CoA reductase
activity: CoA + NADP(+) + succinate semialdehyde = H(+) + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.
comment: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinyl-CoA to succinate semialdehyde.
comment: The enzyme has been described in Clostridium kluyveri, where it participates in succinate fermentation, and in Metallosphaera sedula, where it participates in the 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, an autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway found in some thermoacidophilic archaea.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8444151
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17041055
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18079405
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + NADP(+) + succinate semialdehyde = H(+) + NADPH + succinyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.2.1.n1
alternative label: 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase
activity: (3Z)-6-oxohex-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP(+) = cis-3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes a step in the aerobic benzoyl-coenzyme A catabolic pathway in Azoarcus evansii and Burkholderia xenovorans.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16585753
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18462753
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3Z)-6-oxohex-3-enoyl-CoA + H2O + NADP(+) = cis-3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-formylbenzoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-carboxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: 2-formylbenzoate + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + NADH + phthalate.
comment: The enzyme is involved in phenanthrene degradation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9335300
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-formylbenzoate + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + NADH + phthalate.
type: Catalytic Activity

succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NADP(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADPH + succinate.
comment: This enzyme participates in the degradation of glutamate and 4-aminobutyrate.
comment: It is similar to EC 1.2.1.24 and EC 1.2.1.16 but is specific for NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli is 20-fold more active with NADP(+) than NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2254272
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18474219
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NADP(+) + succinate semialdehyde = 2 H(+) + NADPH + succinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: fatty acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
activity: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + holo-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a long-chain fatty acyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: a long-chain fatty aldehyde + holo-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a long-chain fatty acyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Catalyzes the reaction in the opposite direction.
comment: This enzyme, purified from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of an activated fatty acid (acyl-[acp]) to the corresponding aldehyde.
comment: Together with EC 4.1.99.5, it is involved in alkane biosynthesis.
comment: The natural substrates of the enzyme are C16 to C18 activated fatty acids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20671186
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a long-chain fatty aldehyde + holo-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a long-chain fatty acyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a long-chain fatty aldehyde + holo-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a long-chain fatty acyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfoacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: CoA + NADP(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde = H(+) + NADPH + sulfoacetyl-CoA.
comment: The enzyme is involved in degradation of sulfoacetate.
comment: In this pathway the reaction is catalyzed in the reverse direction.
comment: The enzyme is specific for sulfoacetaldehyde and NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20693281
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + NADP(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde = H(+) + NADPH + sulfoacetyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

beta-apo-4'-carotenal oxygenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: beta-apo-4'-carotenal dehydrogenase
activity: 4'-apo-beta-carotenal + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + NADH + neurosporaxanthin.
comment: Neurosporaxanthin is responsible for the orange color of of Neurospora.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18627463
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21749649
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4'-apo-beta-carotenal + H2O + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + NADH + neurosporaxanthin.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanal + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme has been characterized from the soil bacterium Pseudomonas sp. HZN6.
comment: It participates in the nicotine degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22267672
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanal + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

alcohol-forming fatty acyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP(+).
activity: 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + octadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + 2 NADP(+) + octadecan-1-ol.
activity: 2 H(+) + hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH = CoA + hexadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme has been characterized from the plant Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba).
comment: The alcohol is formed by a four-electron reduction of fatty acyl-CoA.
comment: Although the reaction proceeds through an aldehyde intermediate, a free aldehyde is not released.
comment: The recombinant enzyme was shown to accept saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs of 16 to 22 carbons.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10712526
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a long-chain fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + octadecanoyl-CoA = CoA + 2 NADP(+) + octadecan-1-ol.
type: Catalytic Activity

2 H(+) + hexadecanoyl-CoA + 2 NADPH = CoA + hexadecan-1-ol + 2 NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: This substrate for this enzyme is formed by meta ring cleavage of catechol (EC 1.13.11.2), and is an intermediate in the bacterial degradation of several aromatic compounds.
comment: Has lower activity with benzaldehyde.
comment: Activity with NAD(+) is more than 10-fold higher than with NADP(+). cf. EC 1.2.1.32.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7868591
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17090920
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19717587
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienedioate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

geranial dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.2.1.n3
alternative label: GaDH
activity: (2E)-geranial + H2O + NAD(+) = geranate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Does not act on neral.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11778886
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22286981
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2E)-geranial + H2O + NAD(+) = geranate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

propanal dehydrogenase (CoA-propanoylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: CoA + NAD(+) + propanal = H(+) + NADH + propanoyl-CoA.
comment: The enzyme forms a bifunctional complex with EC 4.1.3.43, with a tight channel connecting the two subunits.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on glycolaldehyde and butanal.
comment: In Pseudomonas species the enzyme forms a bifunctional complex with EC 4.1.3.39.
comment: The enzymes from the bacteria Burkholderia xenovorans and Thermus thermophilus also perform the reaction of EC 1.2.1.10.
comment: NADP(+) can replace NAD(+) with a much slower rate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19476337
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21838275
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22316175
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + NAD(+) + propanal = H(+) + NADH + propanoyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.12
alternative label: 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
alternative label: Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
alternative label: pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + L-glutamate + NADH.
activity: (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-glutamate + NADH.
activity: (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-glutamate + NADPH.
activity: (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NADP(+) = (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NAD(+) = (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of glutamate-gamma-semialdehyde to glutamate as part of the proline degradation pathway.
comment: (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate, the product of the first enzyme of the pathway (EC 1.5.5.2) is in spontaneous equilibrium with its tautomer L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde.
comment: In many bacterial species, both activities are carried out by a single bifunctional enzyme.
comment: The enzyme can also oxidize other 1-pyrrolines, e.g. 3-hydroxy-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted into 4-hydroxyglutamate and (R)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate is converted into D-glutamate.
comment: NADP(+) can also act as acceptor, but with lower activity.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1618807
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12223682
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13681370
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17554163
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + L-glutamate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-glutamate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-glutamate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NADP(+) = (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + 2 H2O + NAD(+) = (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-glutamate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GADH
alternative label: glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = (R)-glycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaea Thermoplasma acidophilum and Picrophilus torridus is involved in the non-phosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway, cf. EC 1.2.99.8.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16458304
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16566751
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = (R)-glycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GAPN
alternative label: non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP(+) = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme is part of the modified Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway of the archaeon Thermoproteus tenax (cf. EC 1.2.1.9).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9497334
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11354453
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11842090
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15288789
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NADP(+) = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.7
activity: 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = 3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli is a bifunctional fusion protein that also catalyzes EC 3.3.2.12.
comment: Combined the two activities result in a two-step conversion of oxepin-CoA to 3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA, part of an aerobic phenylacetate degradation pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9748275
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12846838
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20660314
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxo-5,6-dehydrosuberyl-CoA semialdehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = 3-oxo-5,6-didehydrosuberyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactose dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + H2O + NAD(+) = 3,6-anhydro-L-galactonate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + H2O + NADP(+) = 3,6-anhydro-L-galactonate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the marine bacterium Vibrio sp. EJY3, is involved in a degradation pathway for 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactose, a major component of the polysaccharides produced by red macroalgae, such as agarose and porphyran.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25156229
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + H2O + NAD(+) = 3,6-anhydro-L-galactonate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose + H2O + NADP(+) = 3,6-anhydro-L-galactonate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.1.93
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.11
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

farnesal dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2E,6E)-farnesal + H2O + NAD(+) = (2E,6E)-farnesoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: Invoved in juvenile hormone production in insects.
comment: The enzyme was described from the corpora allata of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) and Aedes aegypti (dengue mosquito).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4631837
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6366103
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23639754
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2E,6E)-farnesal + H2O + NAD(+) = (2E,6E)-farnesoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-2-aminoadipate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-aminoadipate reductase
activity: (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + AMP + diphosphate + NADP(+) = ATP + H(+) + L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH.
comment: This enzyme, characterized from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, catalyzes the reduction of L-2-aminoadipate to (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate during L-lysine biosynthesis.
comment: An adenylation domain activates the substrate at the expense of ATP hydrolysis, and forms L-2-aminoadipate adenylate, which is attached to a peptidyl-carrier protein (PCP) domain.
comment: Binding of NADPH results in reductive cleavage of the acyl-S-enzyme intermediate, releasing (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate.
comment: Different from EC 1.2.1.31 which catalyzes a similar transformation in the opposite direction without ATP hydrolysis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10320345
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + AMP + diphosphate + NADP(+) = ATP + H(+) + L-2-aminoadipate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: p-hydroxybenzaldehyde dehydrogenase
activity: 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Involved in the aerobic pathway for degradation of toluene, 4-methylphenol, and 2,4-xylenol by several Pseudomonas strains.
comment: The enzyme is also active with 4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde. cf. EC 1.2.1.64.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2019564
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23736872
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-hydroxybenzoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-sulfolactaldehyde dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: SLA dehydrogenase
activity: (2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = (2S)-3-sulfolactate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (2S)-3-sulfolactate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida SQ1, participates in a sulfoquinovose degradation pathway.
comment: Also acts on succinate semialdehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26195800
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde + H2O + NADP(+) = (2S)-3-sulfolactate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde + H2O + NAD(+) = (2S)-3-sulfolactate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved in the degradation pathways of the alkene 2-methylpropene and the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a widely occurring groundwater contaminant.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16622053
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-(gamma-glutamylamino)butanal dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: 4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanal + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Escherichia coli, is involved in a putrescine catabolic pathway.
comment: It has a broad substrate range, and can also catalyze the activities of EC 1.2.1.19 and EC 1.2.1.24.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15590624
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18668238
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22636776
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanal + H2O + NAD(+) = 4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanal + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-(gamma-L-glutamylamino)butanoate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine 4-carboxylate 5-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate + H2O + NAD(+) = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Pseudomonas sp. MA-1 and Mesorhizobium loti, participates in the degradation of pyridoxine (vitamin B6).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3533936
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19218190
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25446130
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5-formyl-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carboxylate + H2O + NAD(+) = 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-tyrosine reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosinal + NADP(+) = ATP + H(+) + L-tyrosine + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus flavus, is specific for L-tyrosine.
comment: It contains three domains - an adenylation domain, a peptidyl-carrier protein (PCP) domain, and a reductase domain, and requires activation by attachment of a phosphopantetheinyl group.
comment: The enzyme activates its substrate to an adenylate form, followed by a transfer to the PCP domain.
comment: The resulting thioester is subsequently transferred to the reductase domain, where it is reduced to the aldehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23281040
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosinal + NADP(+) = ATP + H(+) + L-tyrosine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

isopyridoxal dehydrogenase (5-pyridoxate-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + isopyridoxal + NAD(+) = 5-pyridoxate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Arthrobacter sp Cr-7, participates in the degradation of pyridoxine.
comment: The enzyme also catalyzes the activity of EC 1.1.1.416.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3533936
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + isopyridoxal + NAD(+) = 5-pyridoxate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

[amino-group carrier protein]-6-phospho-L-2-aminoadipate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: SIPB95F45D50356096A
comment: The enzyme participates in an L-lysine biosynthesis in certain species of archaea and bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10613839
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19620981
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26966182
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

SIPB95F45D50356096A
type: Catalytic Activity
label: [amino-group carrier protein]-C-terminal-N-(1-carboxy-5-oxopentan-1-yl)-L-glutamine + NADP(+) + phosphate = [amino-group carrier protein]-C-terminal-N-(1-carboxy-5-phosphooxy-5-oxopentan-1-yl)-L-glutamine + H(+) + NADPH.

pyruvate dehydrogenase system
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PDH
alternative label: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
activity: CoA + NAD(+) + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
comment: The pyruvate dehydrogenase system (PDH) is a large enzyme complex that belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase system family, which also includes EC 1.2.1.25, EC 1.2.1.105, EC 1.4.1.27 and EC 2.3.1.190.
comment: With the exception of the glycine cleavage system, which contains 4 components, the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase systems share a common structure, consisting of three main components, namely a 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (E1), a dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (E2), and a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
comment: The reaction catalyzed by this system is the sum of three activities: EC 1.2.4.1, EC 2.3.1.12, and EC 1.8.1.4.
comment: The mammalian system also includes E3 binding protein, which is involved in the interaction between the E2 and E3 subunits.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/329143
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1103138
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2227213
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3905803
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7032507
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + NAD(+) + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
activity: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + succinyl-CoA.
comment: The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase system is a large enzyme complex that belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase system family, which also includes EC 1.2.1.25, EC 1.2.1.104, EC 1.4.1.27 and EC 2.3.1.190.
comment: With the exception of the glycine cleavage system, which contains 4 components, the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase systems share a common structure, consisting of three main components, namely a 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (E1), a dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase (E2), and a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
comment: This enzyme system converts 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and produces NADH and CO2 in a complicated series of irreversible reactions.
comment: The reaction catalyzed by this system is the sum of three activities: EC 1.2.4.2, EC 2.3.1.61 and EC 1.8.1.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1554728
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9677295
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11477096
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16338405
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17367808
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18004749
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21809826
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-oxoglutarate + CoA + NAD(+) = CO2 + NADH + succinyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

[amino-group carrier protein]-5-phospho-L-glutamate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: SIP2F6E26DF57F5CA25
comment: The enzyme participates in an L-arginine biosynthesis pathway in certain species of archaea and bacteria.
comment: In some organisms the enzyme is bifunctional and also catalyzes the activity of EC 1.2.1.103.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23434852
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27566549
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

SIP2F6E26DF57F5CA25
type: Catalytic Activity
label: [amino-group carrier protein]-C-terminal-gamma-(L-glutamyl-5-semialdehyde)-L-glutamate + NADP(+) + phosphate = [amino-group carrier protein]-C-terminal-gamma-(5-phospho-L-glutamyl)-L-glutamate + H(+) + NADPH.

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (arsenate-transferring)
type: Enzyme
activity: arsenate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) = 1-arsono-3-phospho-D-glycerate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, discovered in bacteria, is very similar to EC 1.2.1.12.
comment: However, the gene encoding it is located in arsenic resistance islands in the chromosome, next to a gene (arsJ) that encodes a transporter that removes the product, 1-arsono-3-phosphoglycerate, from the cell.
comment: Together the two proteins form an arsenic detoxification system.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26991003
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29717010
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

arsenate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + NAD(+) = 1-arsono-3-phospho-D-glycerate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.2.1.n1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 3,4-dehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

fatty acyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: hexadecanal dehydrogenase (acylating, NADP dependent)
activity: CoA + hexadecanal + NADP(+) = H(+) + hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH.
activity: a fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15220348
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15220349
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16980563
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + hexadecanal + NADP(+) = H(+) + hexadecanoyl-CoA + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a fatty acyl-CoA + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH = a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + CoA + 2 NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

1.2.1.n3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: geranial dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

With a cytochrome as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)

formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b1] + formate = CO2 + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b1] + H(+).
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b1] + formate = CO2 + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b1] + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.2.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.2.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.2.3
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.2.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: aldehyde oxidase
narrower transitive: pyruvate oxidase
narrower transitive: oxalate oxidase
narrower transitive: glyoxylate oxidase
narrower transitive: pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating)
narrower transitive: indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase
narrower transitive: pyridoxal oxidase
narrower transitive: aryl-aldehyde oxidase
narrower transitive: 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase
narrower transitive: abscisic-aldehyde oxidase
narrower transitive: (methyl)glyoxal oxidase

aldehyde oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.3.11
alternative label: quinoline oxidase
alternative label: retinal oxidase
activity: an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylate + H(+) + H2O2.
activity: all-trans-retinal + H2O + O2 = all-trans-retinoate + H(+) + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme from liver exhibits a broad substrate specificity, and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including the oxidation of N-heterocycles and aldehydes and the reduction of N-oxides, nitrosamines, hydroxamic acids, azo dyes, nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and sulfoxides.
comment: The enzyme is also responsible for the oxidation of retinal, an activity that was initially attributed to a distinct enzyme (EC 1.2.3.11).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5044040
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8262244
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9015384
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10190983
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13201608
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14659539
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16747217
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20985642
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

all-trans-retinal + H2O + O2 = all-trans-retinoate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.3.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.3.2
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

pyruvate oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: phosphate-dependent pyruvate oxidase
alternative label: pyruvic oxidase
activity: H(+) + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.
comment: Two reducing equivalents are transferred from the resonant carbanion/enamine forms of 2-hydroxyethyl-thiamine-diphosphate to the adjacent flavin cofactor, yielding 2-acetyl-thiamine diphosphate (AcThDP) and reduced flavin.
comment: FADH is reoxidized by O2 to yield H2O2 and FAD and AcThDP is cleaved phosphorolytically to acetyl phosphate and thiamine diphosphate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5336022
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16201755
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H(+) + O2 + phosphate + pyruvate = acetyl phosphate + CO2 + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

oxalate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 H(+) + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9143327
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10493928
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13250021
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 H(+) + O2 + oxalate = 2 CO2 + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

glyoxylate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: glyoxylate + H2O + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + oxalate.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

glyoxylate + H2O + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + oxalate.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyruvate oxidase (CoA-acetylating)
type: Enzyme
activity: CoA + H(+) + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
comment: May be identical with EC 1.2.7.1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13076
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/167776
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

CoA + H(+) + O2 + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: IAAld oxidase
alternative label: IAA oxidase
alternative label: indoleacetaldehyde oxidase
activity: H2O + indole-3-acetaldehyde + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H(+) + H2O2.
comment: Isoform of EC 1.2.3.1.
comment: Has a preference for aldehydes having an indole-ring structure as substrate.
comment: May play a role in plant hormone biosynthesis as its activity is higher in the auxin-overproducing mutant, super-root1, than in wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana.
comment: While (indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde is the preferred substrate, it also oxidizes indole-3-carbaldehyde and acetaldehyde, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9489015
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9615466
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12226218
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12231908
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + indole-3-acetaldehyde + O2 = (indol-3-yl)acetate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyridoxal oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + O2 + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxate + H(+) + H2O2.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + pyridoxal = 4-pyridoxate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

aryl-aldehyde oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: an aromatic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = an aromatic carboxylate + H(+) + H2O2.
comment: Acts on benzaldehyde, vanillin and a number of other aromatic aldehydes, but not on aliphatic aldehydes or sugars.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an aromatic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = an aromatic carboxylate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.3.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.3.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aldehyde oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.3.12
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.13.82
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + 2 CO2.
comment: Involved in tyrosine degradation pathway in Arthrobacter sp.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20216
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + O2 = 2 4-hydroxyphenylacetate + 2 CO2.
type: Catalytic Activity

abscisic-aldehyde oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: AOdelta
activity: 2-cis-(+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = 2-cis-(+)-abscisate + H(+) + H2O2.
comment: Acts on both (+)- and (-)-abscisic aldehyde.
comment: Involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway in plants, along with EC 1.1.1.288, EC 1.13.11.51 and EC 1.14.13.93.
comment: While abscisic aldehyde is the best substrate, the enzyme also acts with indole-3-aldehyde, 1-naphthaldehyde and benzaldehyde as substrates, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10364409
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10972874
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11050171
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2-cis-(+)-abscisic aldehyde + H2O + O2 = 2-cis-(+)-abscisate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(methyl)glyoxal oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: glyoxal + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + H(+) + H2O2.
activity: H2O + methylglyoxal + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme, originally characterized from the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, utilizes a free radical-coupled copper complex for catalysis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3553159
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7592374
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8346264
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8557673
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

glyoxal + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + H(+) + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + methylglyoxal + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)
narrower transitive: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring)
narrower transitive: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)

pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: pyruvate:lipoamide 2-oxidoreductase (decarboxylating and acceptor-acetylating)
alternative label: pyruvate decarboxylase
alternative label: pyruvate dehydrogenase
alternative label: pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)
alternative label: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
alternative label: pyruvic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: pyruvic dehydrogenase
activity: (R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] + H(+) + pyruvate = (R)-N(6)-(S(8)-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] + CO2.
comment: It is a component (in multiple copies) of EC 1.2.1.104 in which it is bound to a core of molecules of EC 2.3.1.12, which also binds multiple copies of EC 1.8.1.4.
comment: It does not act on free lipoamide or lipoyllysine, but only on the lipoyllysine residue in EC 2.3.1.12.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10966480
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

(R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] + H(+) + pyruvate = (R)-N(6)-(S(8)-acetyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue acetyltransferase] + CO2.
type: Catalytic Activity

oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
alternative label: AKGDH
alternative label: alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-ketoglutaric acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
alternative label: ketoglutaric dehydrogenase
alternative label: OGDC
alternative label: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
alternative label: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)
activity: SIP968360F002181DEB
comment: It is a component of EC 1.2.1.105 in which multiple copies of it are bound to a core of molecules of EC 2.3.1.61, which also binds multiple copies of EC 1.8.1.4.
comment: It does not act on free lipoamide or lipoyllysine, but only on the lipoyllysine residue in EC 2.3.1.61.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10966480
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12981117
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14422131
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

SIP968360F002181DEB
type: Catalytic Activity
label: (R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] + 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) = (R)-N(6)-(S(8)-succinyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase] + CO2.

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.4.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (2-methylpropanoyl-transferring)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.4.3
alternative label: 2-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 2-oxoisovalerate (lipoate) dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)
alternative label: alpha-keto-alpha-methylvalerate dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-ketoisocaproate dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-ketoisocaproic-alpha-keto-alpha-methylvaleric dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-ketoisocaproic dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-ketoisovalerate dehydrogenase
alternative label: alpha-oxoisocaproate dehydrogenase
alternative label: BCKDH
alternative label: BCOAD
alternative label: branched-chain (-2-oxoacid) dehydrogenase (BCD)
alternative label: branched-chain 2-keto acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: branched-chain alpha-oxo acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
alternative label: branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: dehydrogenase, 2-oxoisovalerate (lipoate)
activity: SIP755B47093201E474
comment: It acts not only on 3-methyl-2-oxobutanaoate, but also on 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, so that it acts on the 2-oxo acids that derive from the action of transaminases on valine, leucine and isoleucine.
comment: It is a component of the multienzyme 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase complex in which multiple copies of it are bound to a core of molecules of EC 2.3.1.168, which also binds multiple copies of EC 1.8.1.4.
comment: It does not act on free lipoamide or lipoyllysine, but only on the lipoyllysine residue in EC 2.3.1.168.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/283398
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/447664
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5656388
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5689906
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10966480
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

SIP755B47093201E474
type: Catalytic Activity
label: (R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) = (R)-N(6)-(S(8)-2-methylpropanoyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] + CO2.

With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: aerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase

pyruvate dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: pyruvate dehydrogenase
alternative label: pyruvate dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
alternative label: pyruvate oxidase
activity: a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.
comment: This bacterial enzyme is located on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and coupled to the respiratory chain via ubiquinone.
comment: Does not accept menaquinone.
comment: Activity is greatly enhanced by lipids.
comment: Requires thiamine diphosphate.
comment: The enzyme can also form acetoin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/791368
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1100621
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2040613
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3527254
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6367818
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6752142
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8424670
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9305946
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a ubiquinone + H2O + pyruvate = a ubiquinol + acetate + CO2.
type: Catalytic Activity

aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.3
alternative label: aldehyde dehydrogenase (acceptor)
activity: a quinone + an aldehyde + H2O = a carboxylate + a quinol + H(+).
comment: Wide specificity; acts on straight-chain aldehydes up to C10, aromatic aldehydes, glyoxylate and glyceraldehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6779711
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20802042
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + an aldehyde + H2O = a carboxylate + a quinol + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

aerobic carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: molybdoenzyme carbon monoxide dehydrogenase
activity: a quinone + CO + H2O = a quinol + CO2.
comment: This enzyme, found in carboxydotrophic bacteria, catalyzes the oxidation of CO to CO2 under aerobic conditions.
comment: The enzyme belongs to the xanthine oxidoreductase family.
comment: The CO2 that is produced is assimilated by the Calvin-Benson-Basham cycle, while the electrons are transferred to a quinone via the FAD site, and continue through the electron transfer chain to a dioxygen terminal acceptor. cf. EC 1.2.7.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10636886
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12475995
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12515558
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16091936
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21275368
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25156151
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25377894
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + CO + H2O = a quinol + CO2.
type: Catalytic Activity

With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: pyruvate synthase
narrower transitive: 2-oxoglutarate synthase
narrower transitive: anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
narrower transitive: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
narrower transitive: indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: oxalate oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: 2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
narrower transitive: formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase

pyruvate synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-oxobutyrate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: 2-oxobutyrate synthase
alternative label: alpha-ketobutyrate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: alpha-ketobutyrate synthase
alternative label: pyruvate oxidoreductase
alternative label: pyruvate synthetase
alternative label: pyruvic-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
activity: CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
activity: 2-oxobutanoate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + H(+) + propanoyl-CoA + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme also decarboxylates 2-oxobutanoate with lower efficiency, but shows no activity with 2-oxoglutarate.
comment: This enzyme is a member of the 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases, a family of enzymes that oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids to form their CoA derivatives, and are differentiated based on their substrate specificity.
comment: For examples of other members of this family, see EC 1.2.7.3 and EC 1.2.7.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4324891
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4628267
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5217644
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5574389
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10607667
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + pyruvate = acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxobutanoate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + H(+) + propanoyl-CoA + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.7.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2-oxoglutarate synthase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.7.9
alternative label: 2-ketoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: 2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: alpha-ketoglutarate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: alpha-ketoglutarate synthase
alternative label: KGOR
activity: 2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + succinyl-CoA.
comment: Highly specific for 2-oxoglutarate.
comment: This enzyme is a member of the 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases, a family of enzymes that oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids to form their CoA derivatives, and are differentiated based on their substrate specificity.
comment: For examples of other members of this family, see EC 1.2.7.1 and EC 1.2.7.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4286833
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4628267
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8830683
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11265457
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12081970
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2-oxoglutarate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + succinyl-CoA.
type: Catalytic Activity

anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.2
alternative label: carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
alternative label: Ni-CODH
activity: CO + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: This prokaryotic enzyme catalyzes the reversible reduction of CO2 to CO.
comment: The electrons are transferred to redox proteins such as ferredoxin.
comment: In purple sulfur bacteria and methanogenic archaea it catalyzes the oxidation of CO to CO2, which is incorporated by the Calvin-Benson-Basham cycle or released, respectively.
comment: In acetogenic and sulfate-reducing microbes it catalyzes the reduction of CO2 to CO, which is incorporated into acetyl CoA by EC 2.3.1.169, with which the enzyme forms a tight complex in those organisms.
comment: In purple sulfur bacteria the enzyme forms complexes with the Ni-Fe-S protein EC 1.12.7.2 which catalyze the overall reaction: CO + H2O = CO2 + H2. cf. EC 1.2.5.3.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3029096
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6687389
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6687458
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11509720
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11593006
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12386327
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24521136
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

CO + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: AOR
alternative label: tungsten-containing aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
activity: an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = a carboxylate + 3 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: This is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidation of aldehydes (including crotonaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde and glyceraldehyde) to their corresponding acids.
comment: However, it does not oxidize glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (see EC 1.2.7.6).
comment: Can use ferredoxin or methylviologen but not NAD(P)(+) as electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1907273
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7878465
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8444863
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11265456
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

an aldehyde + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = a carboxylate + 3 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GAPOR
alternative label: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Fd oxidoreductase
alternative label: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ferredoxin reductase
activity: D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 3 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Thought to function in place of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and possibly phosphoglycerate kinase in the novel Embden-Meyerhof-type glycolytic pathway found in Pyrococcus furiosus.
comment: Specific for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7721730
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11265456
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H2O + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (2R)-3-phosphoglycerate + 3 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-ketoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase
alternative label: 2-oxoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase
alternative label: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate synthase (ferredoxin)
alternative label: branched-chain ketoacid ferredoxin reductase
alternative label: branched-chain oxo acid ferredoxin reductase
alternative label: ketoisovalerate ferredoxin reductase
alternative label: ketoisovalerate oxidoreductase
alternative label: keto-valine-ferredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: VOR
activity: 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme is CoA-dependent and contains thiamine diphosphate and iron-sulfur clusters.
comment: Preferentially utilizes 2-oxo-acid derivatives of branched chain amino acids, e.g. 3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate, and 2-oxobutanoate.
comment: This enzyme is a member of the 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases, a family of enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of different 2-oxoacids to form their CoA derivatives, and are differentiated based on their substrate specificity.
comment: For examples of other members of this family, see EC 1.2.7.1 and EC 1.2.7.3.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5800441
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8550513
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9108258
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11265457
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-(indol-3-yl)pyruvate synthase (ferredoxin)
alternative label: IOR
activity: CoA + indole-3-pyruvate + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Preferentially utilizes the transaminated forms of aromatic amino acids and can use phenylpyruvate and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate as substrates.
comment: This enzyme, which is found in archaea, is a member of the 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases, a family of enzymes that oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids to form their CoA derivatives, and are differentiated based on their substrate specificity.
comment: For examples of other members of this family, see EC 1.2.7.3 and EC 1.2.7.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8206994
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9108258
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9180697
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11265457
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

CoA + indole-3-pyruvate + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (indol-3-yl)acetyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.7.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 2-oxoglutarate synthase
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

oxalate oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: oxalate + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 2 CO2 + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14769464
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20956531
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

oxalate + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 2 CO2 + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxoacid oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: OFOR
activity: a 2-oxocarboxylate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = an acyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: This enzyme is a member of the 2-oxoacid oxidoreductases, a family of enzymes that oxidatively decarboxylate different 2-oxoacids to form their CoA derivatives, and are differentiated based on their substrate specificity.
comment: For example, see EC 1.2.7.3 and EC 1.2.7.7.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6266826
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8902625
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11683888
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12009405
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15848165
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16466637
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

a 2-oxocarboxylate + CoA + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = an acyl-CoA + CO2 + H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.5
activity: H2O + N-formylmethanofuran + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + H(+) + methanofuran + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a reversible reaction in methanogenic archaea, and is involved in methanogenesis from CO2 as well as the oxidation of coenzyme M to CO2.
comment: The reaction is endergonic, and is driven by coupling with the soluble CoB-CoM heterodisulfide reductase via electron bifurcation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2125267
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8125106
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8161283
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9342247
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11929975
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21262829
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

H2O + N-formylmethanofuran + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = CO2 + H(+) + methanofuran + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With other, known, acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: formaldehyde dismutase

formaldehyde dismutase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.4
activity: 2 formaldehyde + H2O = formate + H(+) + methanol.
comment: Enzyme-bound NADPH formed by oxidation of formaldehyde to formate is oxidized back to NADP(+) by reaction with a second formaldehyde, yielding methanol.
comment: The enzyme from Mycobacterium sp. DSM 3803 also catalyzes the reactions of EC 1.1.99.36 and EC 1.1.99.37.
comment: Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde can act as donors; formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal can act as acceptors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3514215
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19875438
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

2 formaldehyde + H2O = formate + H(+) + methanol.
type: Catalytic Activity

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
narrower transitive: carboxylate reductase
narrower transitive: aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)
narrower transitive: glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-containing)
narrower transitive: 4,4'-diapolycopenoate synthase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.99.4
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: anaerobic carbon-monoxide dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: formaldehyde dismutase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

carboxylate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + an aldehyde + H2O = a carboxylate + AH2 + H(+).
comment: Methylviologen can act as acceptor.
comment: In the reverse direction, non-activated acids are reduced by reduced viologens to aldehydes, but not to the corresponding alcohols.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2550230
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + an aldehyde + H2O = a carboxylate + AH2 + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

aldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-independent)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aldehyde oxidase
alternative label: aldehyde oxidoreductase
alternative label: AORDd
activity: A + an aldehyde + H2O = a carboxylate + AH2 + H(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7502041
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10679276
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10727945
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14659539
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + an aldehyde + H2O = a carboxylate + AH2 + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase (FAD-containing)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glyceraldehyde oxidoreductase
activity: A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H(+).
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius catalyzes the oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde in the nonphosphorylative Entner-Doudoroff pathway.
comment: With 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol as artificial electron acceptor, the enzyme shows a broad substrate range, but is most active with D-glyceraldehyde.
comment: It is not known which acceptor is utilized in vivo.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10095793
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-glyceraldehyde + H2O = (R)-glycerate + AH2 + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.2.99.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.98.3
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

4,4'-diapolycopenoate synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4,4'-diapolycopenealdehyde oxidase
activity: A + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopen-4-al + H2O = AH2 + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopen-4-oate + H(+).
activity: 2 A + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene-4,4'-dial + 2 H2O = 2 AH2 + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene-4,4'-dioate + 2 H(+).
comment: The enzyme has been described from the bacteria Methylomonas sp. 16a and Bacillus indicus.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15933032
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25326460
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopen-4-al + H2O = AH2 + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopen-4-oate + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2 A + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene-4,4'-dial + 2 H2O = 2 AH2 + all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene-4,4'-dioate + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a flavin as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other, known, acceptors
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase
narrower transitive: cucurbitacin Delta(23)-reductase
narrower transitive: fumarate reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: meso-tartrate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Si-specific)
narrower transitive: 2-coumarate reductase
narrower transitive: prephenate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: beta-nitroacrylate reductase
narrower transitive: 3-methyleneoxindole reductase
narrower transitive: kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
narrower transitive: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: biliverdin reductase
narrower transitive: 1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-hexadecenal reductase
narrower transitive: 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-enoate reductase
narrower transitive: maleylacetate reductase
narrower transitive: protochlorophyllide reductase
narrower transitive: 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [(2E)-enoyl-CoA-producing]
narrower transitive: geissoschizine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Re-specific)
narrower transitive: 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate reductase
narrower transitive: xanthommatin reductase
narrower transitive: 12-oxophytodienoate reductase
narrower transitive: arogenate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: 2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase
narrower transitive: biochanin-A reductase
narrower transitive: alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase
narrower transitive: 15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase
narrower transitive: cis-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
narrower transitive: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: precorrin-6A reductase
narrower transitive: cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: phloroglucinol reductase
narrower transitive: 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cis-dihydroethylcatechol dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: zeatin reductase
narrower transitive: Delta(14)-sterol reductase
narrower transitive: Delta(24(24(1)))-sterol reductase
narrower transitive: Delta(24)-sterol reductase
narrower transitive: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine reductase
narrower transitive: 2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: precorrin-2 dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming]
narrower transitive: arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: (+)-pulegone reductase
narrower transitive: (-)-isopiperitenone reductase
narrower transitive: geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase
narrower transitive: acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase
narrower transitive: crotonyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: 3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: tRNA-dihydrouridine(16/17) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]

dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uracil.
activity: 5,6-dihydrothymine + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + thymine.
comment: The enzyme was originally discovered in the uracil-fermenting bacterium, Clostridium uracilicum, which utilizes uracil and thymine as nitrogen and carbon sources for growth.
comment: Since then the enzyme was found in additional organisms including Alcaligenes eutrophus, Pseudomonas strains and Escherichia coli.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1903745
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8806723
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10030006
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11759049
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13462991
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21169495
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouracil + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uracil.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrothymine + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + thymine.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dihydrothymine dehydrogenase
alternative label: dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NADP+)
activity: 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uracil.
activity: 5,6-dihydrothymine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + thymine.
comment: Also acts on dihydrothymine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7451435
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13825299
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uracil.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrothymine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + thymine.
type: Catalytic Activity

Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid 5beta-reductase
alternative label: 5beta-reductase
alternative label: androstenedione 5beta-reductase
alternative label: cholestenone 5beta-reductase
alternative label: cortisone 5beta-reductase
alternative label: cortisone beta-reductase
alternative label: cortisone Delta(4)-5beta-reductase
alternative label: Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase
alternative label: Delta(4)-5beta-reductase
alternative label: Delta(4)-hydrogenase
alternative label: steroid 5beta-reductase
alternative label: testosterone 5beta-reductase
activity: 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP(+) = cholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 4,5beta-dihydrocortisone + NADP(+) = cortisone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 5beta-dihydrotestosterone + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + testosterone.
activity: a 3-oxo-5beta-steroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from human efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5beta-reduced metabolites; it can also act on aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol, but to a lesser extent.
comment: The bile acid intermediates 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2278855
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3828348
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6736016
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7508385
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11342103
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13376613
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13416214
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13805063
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP(+) = cholest-4-en-3-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4,5beta-dihydrocortisone + NADP(+) = cortisone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5beta-dihydrotestosterone + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + testosterone.
type: Catalytic Activity

a 3-oxo-5beta-steroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cucurbitacin Delta(23)-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B + NADP(+) = cucurbitacin B + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B + NAD(+) = cucurbitacin B + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Iron or zinc can replace manganese to some extent.
comment: Cucurbitacin is a plant triterpenoid.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384331
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5640163
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B + NADP(+) = cucurbitacin B + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin B + NAD(+) = cucurbitacin B + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

fumarate reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADH-dependent fumarate reductase
activity: NAD(+) + succinate = fumarate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + succinate = fumarate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

meso-tartrate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD(+) = dihydroxyfumarate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,3S)-tartrate + NAD(+) = dihydroxyfumarate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-enoyl-CoA reductase
alternative label: enoyl coenzyme A reductase
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The liver enzyme acts on enoyl-CoA derivatives of carbon chain length 4 to 16, with optimum activity on 2-hexenoyl-CoA.
comment: In Escherichia coli, cis-specific and trans-specific enzymes exist (cf. EC 1.3.1.37 and EC 1.3.1.38).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4387390
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6749495
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a 2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: enoyl-ACP reductase
alternative label: NADH-enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase
alternative label: NADH-specific enoyl-ACP reductase
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes an essential step in fatty acid biosynthesis, the reduction of the 2,3-double bond in enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] derivatives of the elongating fatty acid moiety.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli accepts substrates with carbon chain length from 4 to 18.
comment: The FAS-I enzyme from the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis prefers substrates with carbon chain length from 12 to 24 carbons.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384650
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6756317
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22042840
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Si-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: acyl-ACP dehydrogenase
alternative label: enoyl-ACP reductase
alternative label: enoyl acyl-carrier-protein reductase
alternative label: NADPH 2-enoyl Co A reductase
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: One of the activities of EC 2.3.1.86, an enzyme found in yeasts (Ascomycota and the Basidiomycota).
comment: Catalyzes the reduction of enoyl-acyl-[acyl-carrier protein] derivatives of carbon chain length from 4 to 16.
comment: The yeast enzyme is Si-specific with respect to NADP(+). cf. EC 1.3.1.39 and EC 1.3.1.104 which describes enzymes whose stereo-specificity toward NADPH is not known.
comment: See also EC 1.3.1.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/338601
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-coumarate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: melilotate dehydrogenase
activity: 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + trans-2-coumarate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + trans-2-coumarate.
type: Catalytic Activity

prephenate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: chorismate mutase--prephenate dehydrogenase
alternative label: hydroxyphenylpyruvate synthase
activity: NAD(+) + prephenate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: This enzyme in the enteric bacteria also possesses EC 5.4.99.5 activity and converts chorismate into prephenate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5456988
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + prephenate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

prephenate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + prephenate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4379953
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + prephenate = 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: DHOD
alternative label: DHODase
alternative label: DHOdehase
alternative label: dihydroorotate oxidase
alternative label: orotate reductase (NADH)
alternative label: orotate reductase (NADH2)
activity: (S)-dihydroorotate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + orotate.
comment: The enzyme consists of two subunits, an FMN binding catalytic subunit and a FAD and iron-sulfur binding electron transfer subunit.
comment: The reaction, which takes place in the cytosol, is the only redox reaction in the de-novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.
comment: Other class 1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use either fumarate (EC 1.3.98.1) or NADP(+) (EC 1.3.1.15) as electron acceptor.
comment: The membrane bound class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2) uses quinone as electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8910599
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10529184
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10545205
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11188687
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-dihydroorotate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + orotate.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-dihydroorotate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + orotate.
comment: Other class 1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use either fumarate (EC 1.3.98.1) or NAD(+) (EC 1.3.1.14) as electron acceptor.
comment: The membrane bound class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2) uses quinone as electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4380263
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13923427
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-dihydroorotate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + orotate.
type: Catalytic Activity

beta-nitroacrylate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-nitropropanoate + NADP(+) = 3-nitroacrylate + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-nitropropanoate + NADP(+) = 3-nitroacrylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-methyleneoxindole reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-methyloxindole + NADP(+) = 3-methyleneoxindole + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6021071
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-methyloxindole + NADP(+) = 3-methyleneoxindole + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

kynurenate-7,8-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD(+) = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + H(+) + NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + NAD(+) = 7,8-dihydroxykynurenate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cis-benzene glycol dehydrogenase
activity: cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = catechol + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = 3-methylcatechol + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4298226
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4362337
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = catechol + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2R)-3-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = 3-methylcatechol + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

trans-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,2R)-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NADP(+) = catechol + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (1S,2S)-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NADP(+) = catechol + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2R)-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NADP(+) = catechol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1S,2S)-1,2-dihydrobenzene-1,2-diol + NADP(+) = catechol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7-dehydrocholesterol reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 7-dehydrocholesterol dehydrogenase/cholesterol oxidase
alternative label: 7-DHC reductase
alternative label: Delta(7)-sterol reductase
alternative label: sterol Delta(7)-reductase
activity: cholesterol + NADP(+) = 7-dehydrocholesterol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is part of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9465114
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14189869
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cholesterol + NADP(+) = 7-dehydrocholesterol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.4
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.30
alternative label: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
alternative label: cholestenone 5alpha-reductase
activity: a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + progesterone.
activity: 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + testosterone.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of assorted 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroids into their corresponding 5alpha form.
comment: Substrates for the mammalian enzyme include testosterone, progesterone, and corticosterone.
comment: Substrates for the plant enzyme are brassinosteroids such as campest-4-en-3-one and (22alpha)-hydroxy-campest-4-en-3-one. cf. EC 1.3.99.5.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1166484
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1705142
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5907469
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7900170
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9108014
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9202401
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13673006
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15993049
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + progesterone.
type: Catalytic Activity

17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + testosterone.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.23
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

biliverdin reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: bilirubin IXalpha + NADP(+) = biliverdin IXalpha + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: bilirubin IXalpha + NAD(+) = biliverdin IXalpha + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4378982
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

bilirubin IXalpha + NADP(+) = biliverdin IXalpha + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

bilirubin IXalpha + NAD(+) = biliverdin IXalpha + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-hydro-1,2-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
alternative label: 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase
alternative label: cis-1,2-dihydroxycyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
alternative label: DHB dehydrogenase
alternative label: DHBDH
alternative label: dihydrodihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
activity: (1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = catechol + CO2 + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1740120
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4341530
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = catechol + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.26
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.8
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-hexadecenal reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-alkenal reductase
activity: hexadecanal + NADP(+) = (2E)-hexadecenal + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Specific for long chain 2-trans- and 2-cis-alkenals, with chain length optimum around 14 to 16 carbon atoms.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4154890
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

hexadecanal + NADP(+) = (2E)-hexadecenal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.109
alternative label: 2,3-DHB dehydrogenase
activity: (2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4306838
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzoate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cis-dihydrodiol naphthalene dehydrogenase
alternative label: cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
activity: (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + naphthalene-1,2-diol.
comment: Also acts, at half the rate, on cis-anthracene dihydrodiol and cis-phenanthrene dihydrodiol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4369091
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2S)-1,2-dihydronaphthalene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + naphthalene-1,2-diol.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.30
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-enoate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: enoate reductase
activity: butanoate + NAD(+) = (2E)-2-butenoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts, in the reverse direction, on a wide range of alkyl and aryl alphabeta-unsaturated carboxylate ions; 2-butenoate was the best substrate tested.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/477658
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

butanoate + NAD(+) = (2E)-2-butenoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

maleylacetate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: maleolylacetate reductase
activity: 3-oxoadipate + NAD(+) = H(+) + maleylacetate + NADH.
activity: 3-oxoadipate + NADP(+) = H(+) + maleylacetate + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxoadipate + NAD(+) = H(+) + maleylacetate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxoadipate + NADP(+) = H(+) + maleylacetate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

protochlorophyllide reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: light-dependent protochlorophyllide reductase
alternative label: NADPH-protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
alternative label: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase
activity: chlorophyllide a + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + protochlorophyllide a.
comment: Catalyzes a light-dependent trans-reduction of the D-ring of protochlorophyllide; the product has the (7S,8S)-configuration.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/31865
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7439188
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

chlorophyllide a + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + protochlorophyllide a.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [(2E)-enoyl-CoA-producing]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
alternative label: 4-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
activity: a 4,5-saturated-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a (2E,4E)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: a (2E,4Z)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 4,5-saturated-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+).
comment: This bacterial enzyme catalyzes the reduction of either (2E,4E)-2,4-dienoyl-CoA or (2E,4Z)-2,4-dienoyl-CoA to (2E)-2-enoyl-CoA.
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli contains FAD, FMN, and an [4Fe-4S] iron sulfur cluster. cf. EC 1.3.1.124.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2506179
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6363415
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6749495
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9346310
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10933894
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12840019
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18171025
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 4,5-saturated-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a (2E,4E)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a (2E,4Z)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 4,5-saturated-(2E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.35
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.22
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

geissoschizine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (19E)-geissoschizine + NADP(+) = 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine + NADPH.
comment: Involved in the interconversion of heteroyohimbine alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(19E)-geissoschizine + NADP(+) = 4,21-dehydrogeissoschizine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: acyl-CoA + NADP(+) = cis-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H(+).
comment: Not identical with EC 1.3.1.38 (cf. EC 1.3.1.8).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6759504
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

acyl-CoA + NADP(+) = cis-2,3-dehydroacyl-CoA + NADPH + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + NADP(+).
comment: Not identical with EC 1.3.1.37 (cf. EC 1.3.1.8).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6759504
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, Re-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: acyl-ACP dehydrogenase
alternative label: enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (NADPH, A-specific)
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This enzyme completes each cycle of fatty acid elongation by catalyzing the stereospecific reduction of the double bond at position 2 of a growing fatty acid chain, while linked to an acyl-carrier protein.
comment: It is one of the activities of EC 2.3.1.85.
comment: The mammalian enzyme is Re-specific with respect to NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.3.1.10 and and EC 1.3.1.104).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4394955
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16215233
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Broad specificity; reduces a number of compounds produced by Pseudomonas from aromatic hydrocarbons by ring fission.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,6-dioxo-6-phenylhexanoate + NADP(+) = 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

xanthommatin reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + xanthommatin.
comment: From Drosophila melanogaster.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,12-dihydroxanthommatin + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + xanthommatin.
type: Catalytic Activity

12-oxophytodienoate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1S,2S)-OPC-8 + NADP(+) = (9S,13S,15Z)-12-oxophyto-10-15-dienoate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Involved in the conversion of linolenate into jasmonate in Zea mays.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16664582
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1S,2S)-OPC-8 + NADP(+) = (9S,13S,15Z)-12-oxophyto-10-15-dienoate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

arogenate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: arogenic dehydrogenase
alternative label: cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-arogenate:NAD(+) oxidoreductase
alternative label: pretyrosine dehydrogenase
activity: L-arogenate + NAD(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADH.
comment: Arogenate dehydrogenases may utilize NAD(+) (EC 1.3.1.43), NADP(+) (EC 1.3.1.78), or both (EC 1.3.1.79).
comment: NAD(+)-specific enzymes have been reported from some bacteria and plants.
comment: Some enzymes also possess the activity of EC 1.3.1.12.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2972718
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3967752
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4206476
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7419490
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-arogenate + NAD(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Euglena gracilis acts on crotonoyl-CoA and, more slowly, on trans-hex-2-enoyl-CoA and trans-oct-2-enoyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3102464
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + NAD(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2'-hydroxyisoflavone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (3R)-vestitone + NADP(+) = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: In the reverse reaction, a 2'-hydroxyisoflavone is reduced to an isoflavanone; 2'-hydroxypseudobaptigenin also acts.
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of the pterocarpin phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3R)-vestitone + NADP(+) = 2'-hydroxyformononetin + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

biochanin-A reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2,3-dihydrobiochanin A + NADP(+) = biochanin A + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Some other isoflavones are reduced to the corresponding isoflavanones.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,3-dihydrobiochanin A + NADP(+) = biochanin A + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

alpha-santonin 1,2-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 1,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin + NAD(+) = alpha-santonin + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 1,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin + NADP(+) = alpha-santonin + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3690421
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin + NAD(+) = alpha-santonin + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,2-dihydro-alpha-santonin + NADP(+) = alpha-santonin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-oxoprostaglandin 13-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 15-oxo-Delta(13)-prostaglandin reductase
alternative label: prostaglandin 13-reductase
activity: 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Reduces 15-oxoprostaglandins to 13,14-dihydro derivatives.
comment: The enzyme from placenta is specific for NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6290839
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7132753
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NADP(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin E2 + NAD(+) = 15-oxoprostaglandin E2 + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phenanthrene-3,4-diol.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydrophenanthrene-3,4-diol + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + phenanthrene-3,4-diol.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.50
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: tetrahydroxynaphthalene reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2'-hydroxydaidzein reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2'-hydroxydihydrodaidzein:NADP(+) 2'-oxidoreductase
alternative label: HDR
alternative label: NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase
activity: 2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein + NADP(+) = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: In the reverse reaction, the 2'-hydroxyisoflavone (2'-hydroxydaidzein) is reduced to an isoflavanone.
comment: Also acts on 2'-hydroxyformononetin and to a small extent on 2'-hydroxygenistein.
comment: Involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin glyceollin.
comment: The isoflavones biochanin A, daidzein and genestein as well as the flavonoids apigenin, kaempferol and quercetin do not act as substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2306102
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrodaidzein + NADP(+) = 2'-hydroxydaidzein + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.52
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: short-chain 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (1R,2S)-dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase
alternative label: DCD dehydrogenase
alternative label: dihydroxy-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dicarboxylate dehydrogenase
activity: (3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD(+) = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Involved in the terephthalate degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8565920
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1,4-dicarboxylate + NAD(+) = 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

precorrin-6A reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: precorrin-6X reductase
alternative label: precorrin-6Y:NADP(+) oxidoreductase
activity: NADP(+) + precorrin-6B = 2 H(+) + NADPH + precorrin-6A.
comment: The enzyme, which participates in the aerobic (late cobalt insertion) pathway of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis, catalyzes the reduction of the double bond between C-18 and C-19 of precorrin-6A.
comment: See EC 1.3.1.106 for the corresponding enzyme that participates in the anaerobic cobalamin biosynthesis pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1732193
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12195810
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + precorrin-6B = 2 H(+) + NADPH + precorrin-6A.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.55
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-2,3-dihydrobiphenyl-2,3-diol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dehydrogenase
alternative label: biphenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-diol dehydrogenase
activity: (2R,3S)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = biphenyl-2,3-diol + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Catalyzes the second step in the biphenyl degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8048958
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8344527
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8702262
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,3S)-3-phenylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = biphenyl-2,3-diol + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

phloroglucinol reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP(+) = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + NADPH.
comment: Involved in the gallate anaerobic degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2925649
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrophloroglucinol + NADP(+) = 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: biphenyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3-diol dehydrogenase
activity: (2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the p-cymene and p-cumate degradation pathways in Pseudomonas putida.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8631713
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,3S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-p-cumate + NAD(+) = 2,3-dihydroxy-p-cumate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.59
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dibenzothiophene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD(+) = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the dibenzothiophene degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/596875
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8226631
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydrodibenzothiophene + NAD(+) = 1,2-dihydroxydibenzothiophene + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.61
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

pimeloyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 6-carboxyhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the benzoate degradation (anaerobic) pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8180704
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

6-carboxyhexanoyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 6-carboxyhex-2-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.63
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.1.2
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

phthalate 4,5-cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD(+) = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the phthalate degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3805038
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-4,5-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,6-diene-1,2-dicarboxylate + NAD(+) = 4,5-dihydroxyphthalate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD(+) = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Acts in the reverse direction to form part of the 3-methylquinoline degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8489738
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one + NAD(+) = 5,6-dihydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-dihydroethylcatechol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD(+) = 3-ethylcatechol + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Involved in the ethylbenzene degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4699984
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cis-1,2-dihydro-3-ethylcatechol + NAD(+) = 3-ethylcatechol + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP(+) = 4-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADPH.
activity: (1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = 4-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Involved in the p-xylene degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3711022
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NADP(+) = 4-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,6S)-1,6-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylate + NAD(+) = 4-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,2-dihydroxy-6-methylcyclohexa-3,5-dienecarboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD(+) = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.
comment: Involved in the o-xylene degradation pathway in bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1371658
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1,6-dihydroxy-2-methylcyclohexa-2,4-dienecarboxylate + NAD(+) = 3-methylcatechol + CO2 + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

zeatin reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.242
activity: dihydrozeatin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + zeatin.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrozeatin + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + zeatin.
type: Catalytic Activity

Delta(14)-sterol reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: C-14 sterol reductase
alternative label: sterol C14-reductase
activity: 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on a range of steroids with a 14(15)-double bond.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/32908
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6444198
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

Delta(24(24(1)))-sterol reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: C-24(28) sterol reductase
alternative label: sterol Delta(24(28))-methylene reductase
alternative label: sterol Delta(24(28))-reductase
activity: ergosterol + NADP(+) = ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(24(1))-double bond.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14922
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10722850
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

ergosterol + NADP(+) = ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

Delta(24)-sterol reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: lanosterol Delta(24)-reductase
activity: lathosterol + NADP(+) = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 7-dehydrocholesterol + NADP(+) = 7-dehydrodesmosterol + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + zymosterol.
comment: Acts on a range of steroids with a 24(25)-double bond, including lanosterol, desmosterol and zymosterol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9291139
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

lathosterol + NADP(+) = 5alpha-cholesta-7,24-dien-3beta-ol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cholesterol + NADP(+) = desmosterol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7-dehydrocholesterol + NADP(+) = 7-dehydrodesmosterol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5alpha-cholest-8-en-3beta-ol + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + zymosterol.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,2-dihydrovomilenine reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 17-O-acetylnorajmaline + NADP(+) = 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Forms part of the ajmaline biosynthesis pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12391554
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

17-O-acetylnorajmaline + NADP(+) = 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-alkenal reductase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-alkenal reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH:2-alkenal alpha,beta-hydrogenase
activity: an n-alkanal + NAD(+) = an alk-2-enal + H(+) + NADH.
activity: an n-alkanal + NADP(+) = an alk-2-enal + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Highly specific for 4-hydroxynon-2-enal and non-2-enal.
comment: Alk-2-enals of shorter chain have lower affinities.
comment: Exhibits high activities also for alk-2-enones such as but-3-en-2-one and pent-3-en-2-one.
comment: Inactive with cyclohex-2-en-1-one and 12-oxophytodienoic acid.
comment: Involved in the detoxification of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones (cf. EC 1.3.1.102).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11524419
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12514241
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an n-alkanal + NAD(+) = an alk-2-enal + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

an n-alkanal + NADP(+) = an alk-2-enal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: [4-vinyl]chlorophyllide a reductase
alternative label: 4VCR
alternative label: divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase
alternative label: plant-type divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase
activity: NADP(+) + protochlorophyllide a = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: chlorophyllide a + NADP(+) = 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, found in higher plants, green algae, and some phototrophic bacteria, is involved in the production of monovinyl versions of (bacterio)chlorophyll pigments from their divinyl precursors.
comment: It can also act on 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a. cf. EC 1.3.7.13.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1390630
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8678296
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11488624
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15632054
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16666133
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17148453
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + protochlorophyllide a = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

chlorophyllide a + NADP(+) = 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

precorrin-2 dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: precorrin-2 oxidase
activity: NAD(+) + precorrin-2 = 2 H(+) + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.
comment: Catalyzes the second of three steps leading to the formation of siroheme from uroporphyrinogen III.
comment: The first step involves the donation of two S-adenosyl-L-methionine-derived methyl groups to carbons 2 and 7 of uroporphyrinogen III to form precorrin-2 (EC 2.1.1.107) and the third step involves the chelation of ferrous iron to sirohydrochlorin to form siroheme (EC 4.99.1.4).
comment: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the last two steps are carried out by a single bifunctional enzyme, Met8p.
comment: In some bacteria, steps 1-3 are catalyzed by a single multifunctional protein called CysG, whereas in Bacillus megaterium, three separate enzymes carry out each of the steps, with SirC being responsible for the above reaction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11980703
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12195810
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + precorrin-2 = 2 H(+) + NADH + sirohydrochlorin.
type: Catalytic Activity

anthocyanidin reductase [(2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol-forming]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ANR
alternative label: anthocyanidin reductase
activity: a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
activity: a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway found in plants.
comment: It catalyzes the double reduction of anthocyanidins, producing (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol monomers required for the formation of proanthocyanidins.
comment: While the enzyme from the legume Medicago truncatula can use both NADPH and NADH as reductant, that from the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana uses only NADPH.
comment: Also, while the substrate preference of the M. truncatula is cyanidin>pelargonidin>delphinidin, the reverse preference is found with the Arabidopsis enzyme. cf. EC 1.3.1.112.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12532018
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14725861
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23288883
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NAD(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a (2R,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

arogenate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: arogenic dehydrogenase
alternative label: pretyrosine dehydrogenase
alternative label: TyrAa
alternative label: TyrAAT1
alternative label: TyrAAT2
activity: L-arogenate + NADP(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADPH.
comment: Arogenate dehydrogenases may utilize NAD(+) (EC 1.3.1.43), NADP(+) (EC 1.3.1.78), or both (EC 1.3.1.79).
comment: NADP(+)-dependent enzymes usually predominate in higher plants.
comment: The enzyme from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and the TyrAAT1 isoform of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana cannot use prephenate as a substrate, while the Arabidopsis isoform TyrAAT2 can use it very poorly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12354106
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15171683
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-arogenate + NADP(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

arogenate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: arogenic dehydrogenase
alternative label: cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase
alternative label: pretyrosine dehydrogenase
activity: L-arogenate + NADP(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADPH.
activity: L-arogenate + NAD(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADH.
comment: Arogenate dehydrogenases may utilize NAD(+) (EC 1.3.1.43), NADP(+) (EC 1.3.1.78), or both (EC 1.3.1.79).
comment: Enzymes that can utilize both cofactors have been reported from some Proteobacteria, including Burkholderia caryophylli, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas marginata and Delftia acidovorans.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7419490
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-arogenate + NADP(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arogenate + NAD(+) = CO2 + L-tyrosine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.80
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: red chlorophyll catabolite reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(+)-pulegone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,4S)-menthone + NADP(+) = (R)-pulegone + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (2R,5R)-isomenthone + NADP(+) = (R)-pulegone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: NADH cannot replace NADPH as reductant.
comment: The Delta(8,9)-double bond of (+)-cis-isopulegone and the Delta(1,2)-double bond of (+-)-piperitone are not substrates.
comment: The enzyme from peppermint (Mentha x piperita) converts (+)-pulegone into both (-)-menthone and (+)-isomenthone at a ratio of 70:30 for native enzyme but it does not catalyze the reverse reaction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13679086
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,4S)-menthone + NADP(+) = (R)-pulegone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,5R)-isomenthone + NADP(+) = (R)-pulegone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(-)-isopiperitenone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP(+) = (6R)-isopiperitenone + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The reaction occurs in the opposite direction to that shown above.
comment: Participates in the menthol-biosynthesis pathway of Mentha plants.
comment: (+)-Pulegone, (+)-cis-isopulegone and (-)-menthone are not substrates.
comment: Has a preference for NADPH as the reductant, with NADH being a poor substitute.
comment: Highly regioselective for the reduction of the endocyclic 1,2-double bond, and is stereoselective, producing only the 1R-configured product.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3755881
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13679086
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,5R)-isopulegone + NADP(+) = (6R)-isopiperitenone + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: geranylgeranyl reductase
activity: 3 NADP(+) + phytyl diphosphate = geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH.
comment: This enzyme also acts on geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll a.
comment: The reaction occurs in three steps.
comment: Which order the three double bonds are reduced is not known.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9492312
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10398704
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16662918
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3 NADP(+) + phytyl diphosphate = geranylgeranyl diphosphate + 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acrylyl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: NADP(+) + propanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes a step in the 3-hydroxypropanoate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, an autotrophic CO2 fixation pathway found in some thermoacidophilic archaea.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the opposite direction to that shown.
comment: The enzyme from Sulfolobus tokodaii does not act on either NADH or crotonyl-CoA.
comment: Different from EC 1.3.1.8, which acts only on enoyl-CoA derivatives of carbon chain length 4 to 16.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18079405
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19429610
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + propanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: CCR
alternative label: crotonyl-CoA reductase (carboxylating)
activity: (2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the reverse direction.
comment: This enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, catalyzes (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA-dependent oxidation of NADPH in the presence of CO2.
comment: When CO2 is absent, the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA, but with only 10% of maximal activity (relative to (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA carboxylation).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17548827
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19458256
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

crotonyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-hydroxyacyl CoA reductase
alternative label: butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: enoyl-coenzyme A reductase
alternative label: ethylene reductase
alternative label: short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase
alternative label: unsaturated acyl coenzyme A reductase
activity: butanoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes the reaction in the reverse direction.
comment: This enzyme from Streptomyces collinus is specific for (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA, and is proposed to provide butanoyl-CoA as a starter unit for straight-chain fatty acid biosynthesis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8521864
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

butanoyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.3.1.n1
alternative label: 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-phenylpropionate dehydrogenase
alternative label: cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
activity: 3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (2E)-3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)prop-2-enoate + NAD(+) = (2E)-3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes a step in the pathway of phenylpropanoid compounds degradation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9603882
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate + NAD(+) = 3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2E)-3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)prop-2-enoate + NAD(+) = (2E)-3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

tRNA-dihydrouridine(16/17) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 1
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(16) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(16) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(16) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(16) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(17) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(17) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(17) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(17) in tRNA.
comment: The enzyme specifically modifies uracil(16) and uracil(17) in tRNA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12003496
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14970222
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouridine(16) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(16) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(16) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(16) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(17) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(17) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(17) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(17) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

tRNA-dihydrouridine(47) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 3
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(47) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(47) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(47) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(47) in tRNA.
comment: The enzyme specifically modifies uracil(47) in tRNA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14970222
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouridine(47) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(47) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(47) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(47) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

tRNA-dihydrouridine(20a/20b) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(20a) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(20a) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(20a) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(20a) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(20b) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(20b) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(20b) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(20b) in tRNA.
comment: The enzyme specifically modifies uracil(20a) and uracil(20b) in tRNA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14970222
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouridine(20a) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(20a) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(20a) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(20a) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(20b) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(20b) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(20b) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(20b) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

tRNA-dihydrouridine(20) synthase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: tRNA-dihydrouridine synthase 2
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(20) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(20) in tRNA.
activity: 5,6-dihydrouridine(20) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(20) in tRNA.
comment: The enzyme specifically modifies uracil(20) in tRNA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12003496
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14970222
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15994936
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19139092
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouridine(20) in tRNA + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + uridine(20) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6-dihydrouridine(20) in tRNA + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + uridine(20) in tRNA.
type: Catalytic Activity

artemisinic aldehyde Delta(11(13)) reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (11R)-dihydroartemisinic aldehyde + NADP(+) = (+)-artemisinic aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Cloned from Artemisia annua.
comment: In addition to the reduction of artemisinic aldehyde it is also able to a lesser extent to reduce artemisinic alcohol and artemisinic acid.
comment: Part of the biosyntheis of artemisinin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15678372
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18495659
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(11R)-dihydroartemisinic aldehyde + NADP(+) = (+)-artemisinic aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

very-long-chain enoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/2.3.1.119
activity: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This is the fourth component of the elongase, a microsomal protein complex responsible for extending palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA (and modified forms thereof) to very-long-chain acyl CoAs. cf. EC 2.3.1.199, EC 1.1.1.330 and EC 4.2.1.134.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11113186
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14673020
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15829606
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15958487
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + NADP(+) = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

polyprenol reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: di-trans,poly-cis-dolichol + NADP(+) = di-trans,cis-polyprenol + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The reaction occurs in the reverse direction with reduction of the terminal double bond next to the alcohol group.
comment: Isolated from human fetal brain tissue but present in all eukaryotes.
comment: In mammalian cells dolichols are predominantly 18-21 isoprene units in length.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8486680
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20637498
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

di-trans,poly-cis-dolichol + NADP(+) = di-trans,cis-polyprenol + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

acryloyl-CoA reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
activity: NAD(+) + propanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the opposite direction to that shown.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Clostridium propionicum is a complex that includes an electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF).
comment: The ETF is reduced by NADH and transfers the electrons to the active site.
comment: Catalyzes a step in a pathway for L-alanine fermentation to propanoate. cf. EC 1.3.1.84.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12603323
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22810300
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + propanoyl-CoA = acryloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

Botryococcus squalene synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: H(+) + NADPH + presqualene diphosphate = diphosphate + NADP(+) + squalene.
comment: Isolated from the green alga Botryococcus braunii BOT22.
comment: Acts in the reverse direction. cf. EC 2.5.1.21, where squalene is formed directly from farnesyl diphosphate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21746901
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H(+) + NADPH + presqualene diphosphate = diphosphate + NADP(+) + squalene.
type: Catalytic Activity

botryococcene synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: C30 botryococcene + diphosphate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + presqualene diphosphate.
comment: Isolated from the green alga Botryococcus braunii BOT22.
comment: Acts in the reverse direction.
comment: Involved in the production of botryococcenes, which are triterpenoid hydrocarbons of isoprenoid origin produced in large amount by this alga.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21746901
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

C30 botryococcene + diphosphate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + presqualene diphosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.158
alternative label: UDP-GlcNAc-enoylpyruvate reductase
alternative label: UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase
alternative label: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-enoylpyruvate reductase
alternative label: uridine diphosphoacetylpyruvoylglucosamine reductase
alternative label: uridine diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate reductase
activity: NADP(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate = H(+) + NADPH + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine.
comment: NADH can to a lesser extent replace NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4394163
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4717533
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11699883
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-muramate = H(+) + NADPH + UDP-N-acetyl-3-O-(1-carboxyvinyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.99
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (S)-8-oxocitronellyl enol synthase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

chanoclavine-I aldehyde reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: dihydrochanoclavine-I aldehyde + NADP(+) = chanoclavine-I aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of fumigaclavine C, an ergot alkaloid produced by some fungi of the Trichocomaceae family.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the reduction of chanoclavine-I aldehyde to dihydrochanoclavine-I aldehyde.
comment: This hydrolyzes spontaneously to form 6,8-dimethyl-6,7-didehydroergoline, which is converted to festuclavine by EC 1.5.1.44.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20102147
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20435769
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20526482
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21898587
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrochanoclavine-I aldehyde + NADP(+) = chanoclavine-I aldehyde + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2,3-digeranylgeranylglycerophospholipid reductase
alternative label: DGGGPL reductase
alternative label: digeranylgeranylglycerophospholipid reductase
activity: 2,3-bis-O-(phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NADP(+) = 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 H(+) + 8 NADPH.
activity: 2,3-bis-O-(phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(+) = 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 H(+) + 8 NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum is involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids.
comment: In vivo the reaction occurs in the reverse direction with the formation of 2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate. cf. EC 1.3.7.11.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16788058
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17275067
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20869368
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,3-bis-O-(phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NADP(+) = 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 H(+) + 8 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,3-bis-O-(phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(+) = 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 H(+) + 8 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-alkenal reductase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADPH-dependent alkenal/one oxidoreductase
activity: an n-alkanal + NADP(+) = an alk-2-enal + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 1-nitrocyclohexan + NADP(+) = 1-nitrocyclohexene + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Shows highest activity with 1-nitrocyclohexene but also has significant activity with 2-methylpentenal and trans-cinnamaldehyde.
comment: Involved in the detoxification of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.
comment: Has very low activity with NAD as reductant (cf. EC 1.3.1.74).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11117876
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17945329
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an n-alkanal + NADP(+) = an alk-2-enal + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-nitrocyclohexan + NADP(+) = 1-nitrocyclohexene + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-haloacrylate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-2-chloropropanoate + NADP(+) = 2-chloroacrylate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme acts in the degradation pathway of unsaturated organohalogen compounds by the bacterium Burkholderia sp. WS.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15781461
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-2-chloropropanoate + NADP(+) = 2-chloroacrylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: acyl-ACP dehydrogenase
alternative label: enoyl-ACP reductase
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme completes each cycle of fatty acid elongation by catalyzing the stereospecific reduction of the double bond at position 2 of a growing fatty acid chain, while linked to the acyl-carrier protein, in an NADPH-dependent manner.
comment: This entry stands for enzymes whose stereo-specificity with respect to NADP(+) is not known (cf. EC 1.3.1.39, EC 1.3.1.10 and EC 1.3.1.9).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11007778
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17329825
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21185310
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-[ACP] + NADP(+) = a (2E)-enoyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-methylene-furan-3-one reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: enone oxidoreductase
activity: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-furan-3(2H)-one + NADP(+) = 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3(2H)-one + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-furan-3(2H)-one + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3(2H)-one + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP(+) = (2E)-2-ethylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme was dicovered in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), where it produces furaneol, one of the major aroma compounds in the fruits.
comment: It has also been detected in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pineapple (Ananas comosus).
comment: The enzyme can also act on derivatives substituted at the methylene functional group.
comment: The enzyme from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae acts on (2E)-2-ethylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one and produces homofuraneol, an important aroma compound in soy sauce and miso.
comment: NADPH is the preferred cofactor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16517758
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17636940
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23589283
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27865643
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-furan-3(2H)-one + NADP(+) = 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3(2H)-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-furan-3(2H)-one + NAD(+) = 4-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-methylenefuran-3(2H)-one + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3(2H)-furanone + NADP(+) = (2E)-2-ethylidene-4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cobalt-precorrin-6A reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: Co-precorrin-6B + NAD(+) = Co-precorrin-6A + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, which participates in the anaerobic (early cobalt insertion) pathway of adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis, catalyzes the reduction of the double bond between C-18 and C-19 of cobalt-precorrin-6A.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Bacillus megaterium has no activity with NADPH.
comment: See EC 1.3.1.54 for the corresponding enzyme that participates in the aerobic cobalamin biosynthesis pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16243778
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23922391
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

Co-precorrin-6B + NAD(+) = Co-precorrin-6A + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

sanguinarine reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: dihydrosanguinarine + NADP(+) = NADPH + sanguinarine.
activity: dihydrosanguinarine + NAD(+) = NADH + sanguinarine.
activity: dihydrochelirubine + NAD(+) = chelirubine + NADH.
activity: dihydrochelirubine + NADP(+) = chelirubine + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, purified from the California poppy (Eschscholzia californica), is involved in detoxifying the phytoalexin sanguinarine produced by poppy itself (cf. EC 1.5.3.12), when it binds to the cell wall of the poppy cell.
comment: The reaction with NADPH is up to three times faster than that with NADH at low concentrations (<10 uM) of the dinucleotide.
comment: At higher concentrations the reaction with NADPH is inhibited but not that with NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17080644
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20378534
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrosanguinarine + NADP(+) = NADPH + sanguinarine.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrosanguinarine + NAD(+) = NADH + sanguinarine.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrochelirubine + NAD(+) = chelirubine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrochelirubine + NADP(+) = chelirubine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

caffeoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: caffeoyl-CoA reductase-Etf complex
alternative label: electron-bifurcating caffeoyl-CoA reductase
activity: hydrocaffeoyl-CoA + 2 NAD(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Acetobacterium woodii, couples the endergonic ferredoxin reduction with NADH as reductant to the exergonic reduction of caffeoyl-CoA with the same reductant.
comment: It uses the mechanism of electron bifurcation to overcome the steep energy barrier in ferredoxin reduction.
comment: It also reduces 4-coumaroyl-CoA and feruloyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23479729
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

hydrocaffeoyl-CoA + 2 NAD(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (E)-caffeoyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase complex (NAD(+), ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: bifurcating butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase/Etf complex
activity: butanoyl-CoA + 2 NAD(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme is a complex of a flavin-containing dehydrogenase component (Bcd) and an electron-transfer flavoprotein dimer (EtfAB).
comment: The enzyme complex, isolated from the bacteria Acidaminococcus fermentans and butanoate-producing Clostridia species, couples the exergonic reduction of (E)-but-2-enoyl-CoA to butanoyl-CoA by NADH to the endergonic reduction of ferredoxin by NADH, using electron bifurcation to overcome the steep energy barrier in ferredoxin reduction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17993531
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23772070
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24379410
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25903584
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

butanoyl-CoA + 2 NAD(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.110
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: lactate dehydrogenase (NAD(+),ferredoxin)
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

geranylgeranyl-bacteriochlorophyllide a reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: bacteriochlorophyll a + 3 NADP(+) = geranylgeranyl-bacteriochlorophyllide a + 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the successive reduction of the geranylgeraniol esterifying group to phytol, reducing three out of four double bonds, and transforming geranylgeranyl bacteriochlorophyllide a via dihydrogeranylgeranyl bacteriochlorophyllide a and tetrahydrogeranylgeranyl bacteriochlorophyllide a to bacteriochlorophyll a.
comment: The enzyme can also accept the pheophytin derivative geranylgeranyl bacteriopheophytin, converting it to bacteriopheophytin a.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7947681
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10572128
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11872709
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18846281
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

bacteriochlorophyll a + 3 NADP(+) = geranylgeranyl-bacteriochlorophyllide a + 3 H(+) + 3 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

anthocyanidin reductase [(2S)-flavan-3-ol-forming]
type: Enzyme
activity: a (2S,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
activity: a (2S,3S)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from Vitis vinifera (grape), participates in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.
comment: It catalyzes the double reduction of anthocyanidins, producing a mixture of (2S,3S)- and (2S,3R)-flavan-3-ols.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes sequential hydride transfers to C-2 and C-4, respectively.
comment: Epimerization at C-3 is achieved by tautomerization that occurs between the two hydride transfers. cf. EC 1.3.1.77.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19690377
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20030585
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2S,3R)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

a (2S,3S)-flavan-3-ol + 2 NADP(+) = an anthocyanidin with a 3-hydroxy group + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(4-alkanoyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a [(3S,4R)-4-alkanoyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl phosphate + NADP(+) = a (4-alkanoyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: [(3S,4R)-4-(6-methylheptanoyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl phosphate + NADP(+) = [4-(6-methylheptanoyl)-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl]methyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces coelicolor, is involved in the biosynthesis of gamma-butyrolactone autoregulators that control secondary metabolism and morphological development in Streptomyces bacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17277085
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a [(3S,4R)-4-alkanoyl-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl phosphate + NADP(+) = a (4-alkanoyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)methyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

[(3S,4R)-4-(6-methylheptanoyl)-5-oxooxolan-3-yl]methyl phosphate + NADP(+) = [4-(6-methylheptanoyl)-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl]methyl phosphate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-dehydro-bile acid Delta(4,6)-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxochol-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Clostridium scindens, participates in the bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes two subsequent reductions of the double bonds within the bile acid A/B rings, following 7alpha-dehydration.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29217478
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 3-oxochol-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxocholan-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 12alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochola-4,6-dien-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxocholoyl-CoA 4-desaturase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-oxo-choloyl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity: 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
activity: 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Clostridium scindens, participates in the bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the stereo-specific oxidation of its substrates and has no activity with the 7beta anomers. cf. EC 1.3.1.116.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18047844
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha,12alpha-dihydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7alpha-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA 4-desaturase
type: Enzyme
activity: 7beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Clostridium scindens, participates in the bile acid 7alpha-dehydroxylation pathway.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the stereo-specific oxidation of its substrate and has no activity with the 7alpha anomer. cf. EC 1.3.1.115.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7599167
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8491719
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18047844
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-24-oyl-CoA + NAD(+) = 7beta-hydroxy-3-oxochol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA double bond reductase
activity: dihydro-4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: dihydroferuloyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Isolated from Malus X domestica (apple).
comment: Involved in dihydrochalcone biosynthesis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25152451
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydro-4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-4-coumaroyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydroferuloyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (E)-feruloyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

meromycolic acid enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: a 2,3-saturated meromycolyl-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a trans-Delta(2)-meromycolyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
comment: InhA is a component of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) II system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, catalyzing an enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase step.
comment: The enzyme acts on very long and unsaturated fatty acids that form the meromycolic component of mycolic acids.
comment: It extends FASI-derived C20 fatty acids to form C60 to C90 mycolic acids.
comment: The enzyme, which forms a homotetramer, is the target of the preferred antitubercular drug isoniazid.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7599116
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10336454
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10708367
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10869086
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18552191
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25891098
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated meromycolyl-[ACP] + NAD(+) = a trans-Delta(2)-meromycolyl-[ACP] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

chlorobenzene dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,2R)-3-chlorocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = 3-chlorocatechol + H(+) + NADH.
comment: This bacterial enzyme can transform various dihydrodiols of chlorobenzenes into the respective catechols, including the dihydrodiols of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-chlorinated benzenes.
comment: It also accepts the dihydrodiols of various chlorotoluenes.
comment: Substrates for the enzyme are generated by the broad spectrum EC 1.14.12.26.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8599538
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11526005
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15774876
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2R)-3-chlorocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol + NAD(+) = 3-chlorocatechol + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA reductase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1-cyclohexenylcarbonyl-CoA reductase
activity: cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (5S)-5-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Streptomyces collinus, is involved in a pathway that transforms shikimate to cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA by a series of dehydration and double-bond reduction steps.
comment: Most of the steps in this process occur with the carboxylic acid activated as a coenzyme A thioester.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes three steps in this pathway, also acting on (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-3,4-dihydrobenzoyl-CoA and (5S)-5-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1597409
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8955309
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxycyclohex-2-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3S)-3-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA + NADP(+) = (5S)-5-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-aminophenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Streptomyces venezuelae and Streptomyces pristinaespiralis, participates in the biosynthesis of the antibiotics chloramphenicol and pristinamycin IA, respectively. cf. EC 1.3.1.12.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9044253
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11577160
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-amino-4-deoxyprephenate + NAD(+) = 3-(4-aminophenyl)pyruvate + CO2 + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-8-oxocitronellyl enol synthase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.99
alternative label: iridoid synthase
activity: (S)-8-oxocitronellyl enol + NADP(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (S)-8-oxocitronellyl enol + NAD(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Isolated from the plants Catharanthus roseus, Olea europaea (common olive), and several Nepeta species.
comment: The enzyme reduces 8-oxogeranial, generating an unstable product that is subsequently cyclized into several possible products, either non-enzymically or by dedicated cyclases.
comment: The products, known as iridoids, are involved in the biosynthesis of many indole alkaloids. cf. EC 1.3.1.123.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23172143
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26709230
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26768532
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26868105
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29091815
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30531909
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30664302
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(S)-8-oxocitronellyl enol + NADP(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-8-oxocitronellyl enol + NAD(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

7-epi-iridoid synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-8-oxocitronellyl enol + NADP(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the plant Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), is involved in biosynthesis of 7-epi-iridoids such as antirrhinoside.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the stereospecific reduction of 8-oxogeranial, forming an unstable product that in the absence of additional cylases undergoes spontaneous cyclization to (-)-cis,trans-nepetalactol. cf. EC 1.3.1.122.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28701463
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30664302
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-8-oxocitronellyl enol + NADP(+) = (6E)-8-oxogeranial + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase [(3E)-enoyl-CoA-producing]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Delta(2),Delta(4)-dienoyl-CoA reductase
activity: a (2E,4E)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 4,5-saturated-(3E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+).
activity: a (2E,4Z)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 4,5-saturated-(3E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+).
comment: This enzyme, characterized from eukaryotic organisms, catalyzes the reduction of either (2E,4E)-2,4-dienoyl-CoA or (2E,4Z)-2,4-dienoyl-CoA to (3E)-3-enoyl-CoA.
comment: The best substrates for the enzyme from bovine liver have a chain-length of 8 or 10.
comment: Mammals possess both mitochondrial and peroxisomal variants of this enzyme. cf. EC 1.3.1.34.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/729581
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6749495
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9268358
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10464321
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11514237
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15531764
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a (2E,4E)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 4,5-saturated-(3E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

a (2E,4Z)-dienoyl-CoA + H(+) + NADPH = a 4,5-saturated-(3E)-enoyl-CoA + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

acrylate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: acrylate + H(+) + NADH = NAD(+) + propanoate.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi, enables the organism to utilize acrylate as the terminal electron acceptor for NADH regeneration under anaerobic conditions.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/35612301
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

acrylate + H(+) + NADH = NAD(+) + propanoate.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.3.1.n1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 3-(cis-5,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)propanoate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1.3.1.n2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.52
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

curcumin reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADPH-dependent curcumin/dihydrocurcumin reductase
activity: 2 NADP(+) + tetrahydrocurcumin = curcumin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
activity: NADP(+) + tetrahydrocurcumin = dihydrocurcumin + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: dihydrocurcumin + NADP(+) = curcumin + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, from the bacterium Escherichia coli is also active with 3-octene-2-one (59.7%), 3-hepten-2-one (28%), and resveratrol (14.8%).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21467222
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 NADP(+) + tetrahydrocurcumin = curcumin + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + tetrahydrocurcumin = dihydrocurcumin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrocurcumin + NADP(+) = curcumin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a cytochrome as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.2.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.2.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

L-galactonolactone dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: galactonolactone dehydrogenase
alternative label: GLDase
alternative label: GLDHase
alternative label: L-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase
activity: 4 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + L-galactono-1,4-lactone = 4 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 5 H(+) + L-dehydroascorbate.
comment: Catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid in higher plants and in nearly all higher animals with the exception of primates and some birds.
comment: Very specific for its substrate L-galactono-1,4-lactone as D-galactono-gamma-lactone, D-gulono-gamma-lactone, L-gulono-gamma-lactone, D-erythronic-gamma-lactone, D-xylonic-gamma-lactone, L-mannono-gamma-lactone, D-galactonate, D-glucuronate and D-gluconate are not substrates.
comment: FAD, NAD(+), NADP(+) and O2 (cf. EC 1.3.3.12) cannot act as electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7775377
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9374475
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13126085
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13126087
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

4 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + L-galactono-1,4-lactone = 4 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 5 H(+) + L-dehydroascorbate.
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: coproporphyrinogen oxidase
narrower transitive: protoporphyrinogen oxidase
narrower transitive: bilirubin oxidase
narrower transitive: acyl-CoA oxidase
narrower transitive: dihydrouracil oxidase
narrower transitive: tetrahydroberberine oxidase
narrower transitive: tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
narrower transitive: pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
narrower transitive: L-galactonolactone oxidase
narrower transitive: albonoursin synthase
narrower transitive: aclacinomycin-A oxidase
narrower transitive: coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (coproporphyrin-forming)
narrower transitive: oxazoline dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.3.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.3.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.20
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

coproporphyrinogen oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Coprogen oxidase
alternative label: coproporphyrinogenase
alternative label: Coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase
activity: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H(+) + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5881662
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8407975
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8955072
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

coproporphyrinogen III + 2 H(+) + O2 = 2 CO2 + 2 H2O + protoporphyrinogen IX.
type: Catalytic Activity

protoporphyrinogen oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: protoporphyrinogenase
alternative label: protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase
activity: 3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.
comment: Also slowly oxidizes mesoporphyrinogen IX.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6461
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234450
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2451512
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8621504
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8771201
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9593705
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9784236
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10982422
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11506917
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

3 O2 + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 H2O2 + protoporphyrin IX.
type: Catalytic Activity

bilirubin oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 bilirubin IXalpha + O2 = 2 biliverdin IXalpha + 2 H2O.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 bilirubin IXalpha + O2 = 2 biliverdin IXalpha + 2 H2O.
type: Catalytic Activity

acyl-CoA oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + O2 = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O2.
comment: Acts on CoA derivatives of fatty acids with chain length from C8 to C18.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7400120
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7462191
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a 2,3-saturated acyl-CoA + O2 = a (2E)-enoyl-CoA + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrouracil oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 5,6-dihydrouracil + O2 = H2O2 + uracil.
comment: Also oxidizes dihydrothymine to thymine.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

5,6-dihydrouracil + O2 = H2O2 + uracil.
type: Catalytic Activity

tetrahydroberberine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.8
alternative label: THB oxidase
activity: (S)-canadine + H(+) + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.
comment: (R)-tetrahydroberberines are not oxidized.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(S)-canadine + H(+) + 2 O2 = berberine + 2 H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.3.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.62
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.17
alternative label: L-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase
alternative label: L-tryptophan alpha,beta-dehydrogenase
activity: L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme from Chromobacterium violaceum is specific for tryptophan derivatives possessing its carboxyl group free or as an amide or ester, and an unsubstituted indole ring.
comment: Also catalyzes the alpha,beta dehydrogenation of L-tryptophan side chains in peptides.
comment: The product of the reaction can hydrolyze spontaneously to form indolepyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7559518
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8027079
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

L-tryptophan + O2 = alpha,beta-didehydrotryptophan + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = H(+) + 2 H2O + 2 H2O2 + pyrroloquinoline quinone.
comment: So far only a single turnover of the enzyme has been observed, and the pyrroloquinoline quinone remains bound to it; it is not yet known what releases the product in the bacterium.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9043136
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12437981
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15113189
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15148379
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15211525
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

6-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-7,8-dioxo-1,2,3,4,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-2,4-dicarboxylate + 3 O2 = H(+) + 2 H2O + 2 H2O2 + pyrroloquinoline quinone.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-galactonolactone oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.3.24
alternative label: L-xylono-1,4-lactone oxidase
activity: L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + L-ascorbate.
comment: Acts on the 1,4-lactones of L-galactonic, D-altronic, L-fuconic, D-arabinic and D-threonic acids.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.1.3.8 (cf. EC 1.3.2.3).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6754380
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

L-galactono-1,4-lactone + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + L-ascorbate.
type: Catalytic Activity

albonoursin synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cyclic dipeptide oxidase
activity: cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl) + 2 O2 = albonoursin + 2 H2O2.
comment: The enzyme can also oxidize several other cyclo dipeptides, the best being cyclo(L-tryptophyl-L-tryptophyl) and cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11248691
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12498889
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

cyclo(L-phenylalanyl-L-leucyl) + 2 O2 = albonoursin + 2 H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

aclacinomycin-A oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aclacinomycin oxidoreductase
alternative label: AknOx
activity: aclacinomycin A + O2 = aclacinomycin Y + H2O2.
comment: This bifunctional enzyme is a secreted flavin-dependent enzyme that is involved in the modification of the terminal sugar residues in the biosynthesis of aclacinomycins.
comment: The enzyme utilizes the same active site to catalyze the oxidation of the rhodinose moiety of aclacinomycin N to the cinerulose A moiety of aclacinomycin A (cf. EC 1.1.3.45) and the oxidation of the latter to the L-aculose moiety of aclacinomycin Y.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/528393
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17242508
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17395717
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

aclacinomycin A + O2 = aclacinomycin Y + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

coproporphyrinogen III oxidase (coproporphyrin-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: coproporphyrinogen III + 3 O2 = coproporphyrin III + 3 H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, present in Gram-positive bacteria, participates in heme biosynthesis.
comment: It can also catalyze the reaction of EC 1.3.3.4 at a lower level.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7928957
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9784236
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19944166
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25646457
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

coproporphyrinogen III + 3 O2 = coproporphyrin III + 3 H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

oxazoline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: azoline oxidase
alternative label: cyanobactin oxidase
alternative label: thiazoline oxidase
activity: (1S,4R)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-2-thiazoline-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-1,3-thiazole-[protein] + H2O2.
activity: (S,S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-2-oxazoline-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-1,3-oxazole-[protein] + H2O2.
activity: (S,S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazole-[protein] + H2O2.
comment: Contains FMN.
comment: This enzyme oxidizes 2-oxazoline, 5-methyl-2-oxazoline, and 2-thiazoline within peptides, which were formed by EC 6.2.2.2 and EC 6.2.2.3 to the respective pyrrole-type rings.
comment: The enzyme is found as either a stand-alone protein or as a domain within a multifunctional protein (the G protein) that also functions as a peptidase.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8895467
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15883371
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27841750
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30661981
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(1S,4R)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-2-thiazoline-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-1,3-thiazole-[protein] + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S,S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-2-oxazoline-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-1,3-oxazole-[protein] + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S,S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-5-methyl-2-oxazoline-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-(C-substituted-aminomethyl)-4-acyl-5-methyl-1,3-oxazole-[protein] + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: benzylmalonyl-CoA + H(+) + O2 = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
activity: (2-aminobenzyl)malonyl-CoA + H(+) + O2 = (E)-2-aminocinnamoyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Aromatoleum aromaticum, is involved in degradation of (indol-3-yl)acetate, where it is believed to function on (2-aminobenzyl)malonyl-CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/34059946
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

benzylmalonyl-CoA + H(+) + O2 = (E)-cinnamoyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(2-aminobenzyl)malonyl-CoA + H(+) + O2 = (E)-2-aminocinnamoyl-CoA + CO2 + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: fumarate reductase (CoM/CoB)

fumarate reductase (CoM/CoB)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.98.2
alternative label: thiol:fumarate reductase
activity: coenzyme B + coenzyme M + fumarate = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + succinate.
comment: The enzyme, isolated from the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, is very oxygen sensitive.
comment: It cannot use reduced flavins, reduced coenzyme F420, or NAD(P)H as an electron donor.
comment: Distinct from EC 1.3.1.6, EC 1.3.5.1 and EC 1.3.5.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2499256
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9578488
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

coenzyme B + coenzyme M + fumarate = coenzyme M-coenzyme B heterodisulfide + succinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: succinate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: protoporphyrinogen IX dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: 15-cis-phytoene desaturase
narrower transitive: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturase

succinate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.5.4
alternative label: fumarate reductase (menaquinone)
alternative label: succinate dehydrogenase (menaquinone)
alternative label: succinate dehydrogenase (quinone)
alternative label: succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)
alternative label: succinic dehydrogenase
activity: a quinone + succinate = a quinol + fumarate.
activity: a ubiquinone + succinate = a ubiquinol + fumarate.
activity: a menaquinone + succinate = a menaquinol + fumarate.
comment: A complex generally comprising an FAD-containing component that also binds the carboxylate substrate (A subunit), a component that contains three different iron-sulfur centers [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S], and [3Fe-4S] (B subunit), and a hydrophobic membrane-anchor component (C, or C and D subunits) that is also the site of the interaction with quinones.
comment: The enzyme is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of bacteria and archaea, with the hydrophilic domain extending into the mitochondrial matrix and the cytoplasm, respectively.
comment: Under aerobic conditions the enzyme catalyzes succinate oxidation, a key step in the citric acid (TCA) cycle, transferring the electrons to quinones in the membrane, thus linking the TCA cycle with the aerobic respiratory chain (where it is known as complex II).
comment: Under anaerobic conditions the enzyme functions as a fumarate reductase, transferring electrons from the quinol pool to fumarate, and participating in anaerobic respiration with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor.
comment: The enzyme interacts with the quinone produced by the organism, such as ubiquinone, menaquinone, caldariellaquinone, thermoplasmaquinone, rhodoquinone etc. Some of the enzymes contain two heme subunits in their membrane anchor subunit.
comment: These enzymes catalyze an electrogenic reaction and are thus classified as EC 7.1.1.12.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2644269
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7998964
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10373108
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11803023
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12374303
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14527321
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14672929
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15883782
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17933581
subclass of: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

a quinone + succinate = a quinol + fumarate.
type: Catalytic Activity

a ubiquinone + succinate = a ubiquinol + fumarate.
type: Catalytic Activity

a menaquinone + succinate = a menaquinol + fumarate.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.11
alternative label: DHOD
alternative label: DHOdehase
alternative label: DHODH
activity: (S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = a quinol + orotate.
activity: (S)-dihydroorotate + a ubiquinone = a ubiquinol + orotate.
activity: (S)-dihydroorotate + ubiquinone-8 = orotate + ubiquinol-8.
comment: This Class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase enzyme contains FMN.
comment: The enzyme is found in eukaryotes in the mitochondrial membrane, in cyanobacteria, and in some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria associated with the cytoplasmic membrane.
comment: The reaction is the only redox reaction in the de-novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.
comment: The best quinone electron acceptors for the enzyme from bovine liver are ubiquinone-6 and ubiquinone-7, although simple quinones, such as benzoquinone, can also act as acceptor at lower rates.
comment: Methyl-, ethyl-, tert-butyl and benzyl-(S)-dihydroorotates are also substrates, but methyl esters of (S)-1-methyl and (S)-3-methyl and (S)-1,3-dimethyldihydroorotates are not.
comment: Class 1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use either fumarate (EC 1.3.98.1), NAD(+) (EC 1.3.1.14) or NADP(+) (EC 1.3.1.15) as electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/216313
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3733756
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9693067
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10074342
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17154530
subclass of: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

(S)-dihydroorotate + a quinone = a quinol + orotate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-dihydroorotate + a ubiquinone = a ubiquinol + orotate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-dihydroorotate + ubiquinone-8 = orotate + ubiquinol-8.
type: Catalytic Activity

protoporphyrinogen IX dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: protoporphyrinogen IX dehydrogenase (menaquinone)
activity: 3 a quinone + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 a quinol + protoporphyrin IX.
activity: 3 a menaquinone + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 a menaquinol + protoporphyrin IX.
activity: 3 a ubiquinone + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 a ubiquinol + protoporphyrin IX.
comment: Contains FMN.
comment: The enzyme participates in heme b biosynthesis.
comment: In the bacterium Escherichia coli it interacts with either ubiquinone or menaquinone, depending on whether the organism grows aerobically or anaerobically.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19583219
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20484676
subclass of: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

3 a quinone + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 a quinol + protoporphyrin IX.
type: Catalytic Activity

3 a menaquinone + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 a menaquinol + protoporphyrin IX.
type: Catalytic Activity

3 a ubiquinone + protoporphyrinogen IX = 3 a ubiquinol + protoporphyrin IX.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.5.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: succinate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

15-cis-phytoene desaturase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PDS
alternative label: phytoene desaturase
alternative label: plant-type phytoene desaturase
activity: 15-cis-phytoene + 2 a plastoquinone = 9,9',15-tri-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 a plastoquinol.
activity: 15-cis-phytoene + 2 plastoquinone-9 = 9,9',15-tri-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 plastoquinol-9.
comment: This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria.
comment: The enzyme from Synechococcus can also use NAD(+) and NADP(+) as electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions.
comment: The enzyme from Gentiana lutea shows no activity with NAD(+) or NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8489496
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9226712
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11714315
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15503129
subclass of: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

15-cis-phytoene + 2 a plastoquinone = 9,9',15-tri-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 a plastoquinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-cis-phytoene + 2 plastoquinone-9 = 9,9',15-tri-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 plastoquinol-9.
type: Catalytic Activity

9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene desaturase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.99.30
alternative label: ZDS
alternative label: zeta-carotene desaturase
activity: 9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 a quinone = 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + 2 a quinol.
comment: This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8617254
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10491195
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10938359
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15503129
subclass of: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or related compound as acceptor

9,9'-di-cis-zeta-carotene + 2 a quinone = 7,7',9,9'-tetra-cis-lycopene + 2 a quinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: 6-hydroxynicotinate reductase
narrower transitive: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: phycoerythrobilin synthase
narrower transitive: ferredoxin:protochlorophyllide reductase (ATP-dependent)
narrower transitive: benzoyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipid reductase
narrower transitive: red chlorophyll catabolite reductase
narrower transitive: 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (ferredoxin)
narrower transitive: 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a reductase
narrower transitive: chlorophyllide a reductase

6-hydroxynicotinate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6-hydroxynicotinic reductase
alternative label: 6-oxotetrahydro-nicotinate dehydrogenase
alternative label: HNA reductase
activity: 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 6-hydroxynicotinate + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Forms part of the nicotinate-fermentation catabolism pathway in Eubacterium barkeri.
comment: Other enzymes involved in this pathway are EC 1.17.5.1, EC 3.5.2.18, EC 1.1.1.291, EC 5.4.99.4, EC 5.3.3.6, EC 4.2.1.85 and EC 4.1.3.32.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5767303
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-6-oxonicotinate + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 6-hydroxynicotinate + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

15,16-dihydrobiliverdin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Catalyzes the two-electron reduction of biliverdin IXalpha at the C15 methine bridge.
comment: It has been proposed that this enzyme and EC 1.3.7.3 function as a dual enzyme complex in the conversion of biliverdin IXalpha into phycoerythrobilin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11283349
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

phycoerythrobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Catalyzes the two-electron reduction of the C2 and C3(1) diene system of 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin.
comment: Specific for 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin.
comment: It has been proposed that this enzyme and EC 1.3.7.2 function as a dual enzyme complex in the conversion of biliverdin IXalpha into phycoerythrobilin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11283349
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

(3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

phytochromobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PFB synthase
alternative label: phytochromobilin synthase
alternative label: PPhiB synthase
activity: (3Z)-phytochromobilin + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Catalyzes the two-electron reduction of biliverdin IXalpha.
comment: Can use [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins from a number of sources as acceptor but not the [4Fe-4S] ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum.
comment: The isomerization of (3Z)-phytochromobilin to (3E)-phytochromobilin is thought to occur prior to covalent attachment to apophytochrome in the plant cell cytoplasm.
comment: Flavodoxins can be used instead of ferredoxin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8215388
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11283349
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11500553
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

(3Z)-phytochromobilin + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

phycocyanobilin:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R,3Z)-phycocyanobilin + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 4 H(+) + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Catalyzes the four-electron reduction of biliverdin IXalpha (2-electron reduction at both the A and D rings).
comment: Reaction proceeds via an isolatable 2-electron intermediate, 18(1),18(2)-dihydrobiliverdin.
comment: Flavodoxins can be used instead of ferredoxin.
comment: The direct conversion of biliverdin IXalpha (BV) to (3Z)-phycocyanobilin (PCB) in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, Anabaena sp. PCC7120 and Nostoc punctiforme is in contrast to the proposed pathways of PCB biosynthesis in the red alga Cyanidium caldarium, which involves (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin (PEB) as an intermediate and in the green alga Mesotaenium caldariorum, in which PCB is an isolable intermediate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9325294
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11283349
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

(2R,3Z)-phycocyanobilin + 4 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 4 H(+) + 4 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

phycoerythrobilin synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: (3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + 2 oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 4 H(+) + 2 reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: This enzyme, from a cyanophage infecting oceanic cyanobacteria of the Prochlorococcus genus, uses a four-electron reduction to carry out the reactions catalyzed by EC 1.3.7.2 and EC 1.3.7.3.
comment: 15,16-Dihydrobiliverdin is formed as a bound intermediate.
comment: Free 15,16-dihydrobiliverdin can also act as a substrate to form phycoerythrobilin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18356052
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

(3Z)-phycoerythrobilin + 2 oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = biliverdin IXalpha + 4 H(+) + 2 reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

ferredoxin:protochlorophyllide reductase (ATP-dependent)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase
activity: 2 ADP + chlorophyllide a + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H2O + protochlorophyllide a + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: Occurs in photosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, green algae and gymnosperms.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes trans-reduction of the D-ring of protochlorophyllide; the product has the (7S,8S)-configuration.
comment: Unlike EC 1.3.1.33 light is not required.
comment: The enzyme contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster, and structurally resembles the Fe protein/MoFe protein complex of EC 1.18.6.1, which catalyzes an ATP-driven reduction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8199775
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18358835
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20400946
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 ADP + chlorophyllide a + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + 2 H2O + protochlorophyllide a + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

benzoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.15
activity: 2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + benzoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
activity: A + 2 ADP + H(+) + NH4(+) + 2 phosphate = AH2 + 2 ATP + H2O + hydroxylamine.
comment: Inactive toward aromatic acids that are not CoA esters but will also catalyze the reaction: NH3 + acceptor + 2 ADP + 2 phosphate = hydroxylamine + reduced acceptor + 2 ATP + H2O.
comment: In the presence of reduced acceptor, but in the absence of oxidizable substrate, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP plus phosphate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8575453
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20578740
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 ADP + cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + 2 phosphate = 2 ATP + benzoyl-CoA + 2 H2O + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

A + 2 ADP + H(+) + NH4(+) + 2 phosphate = AH2 + 2 ATP + H2O + hydroxylamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.7.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.7.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.14.19.8
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipid reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.34
alternative label: 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase (donor)
activity: a 2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phospholipid + 8 oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = a 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phospholipid + 16 H(+) + 8 reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
activity: 2,3-bis-O-(phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 16 H(+) + 8 reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids.
comment: It catalyzes the reduction of all 8 double bonds in 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipids and all 4 double bonds in 3-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol phospholipids with comparable activity.
comment: Unlike EC 1.3.1.101, this enzyme shows no activity with NADPH, and requires a dedicated ferredoxin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17288560
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18375567
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21515284
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24214941
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

a 2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phospholipid + 8 oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = a 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phospholipid + 16 H(+) + 8 reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

2,3-bis-O-(phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = 2,3-bis-O-(geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 16 H(+) + 8 reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

red chlorophyll catabolite reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.80
alternative label: RCCR
alternative label: RCC reductase
alternative label: red Chl catabolite reductase
activity: 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite = 3 H(+) + red chlorophyll catabolite + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme participates in chlorophyll degradation, which occurs during leaf senescence and fruit ripening in higher plants.
comment: The reaction requires reduced ferredoxin, which is generated from NADPH produced either through the pentose-phosphate pathway or by the action of photosystem I.
comment: This reaction takes place while red chlorophyll catabolite is still bound to EC 1.14.15.17.
comment: Depending on the plant species used as the source of enzyme, one of two possible C-1 epimers of primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite (pFCC), pFCC-1 or pFCC-2, is normally formed, with all genera or species within a family producing the same isomer.
comment: After modification and export, pFCCs are eventually imported into the vacuole, where the acidic environment causes their non-enzymic conversion into colorless breakdown products called non-fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10743659
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12223835
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12223836
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16669755
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17237353
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + primary fluorescent chlorophyll catabolite = 3 H(+) + red chlorophyll catabolite + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cyano-type divinyl chlorophyllide a 8-vinyl-reductase
activity: 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + protochlorophyllide a = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
activity: chlorophyllide a + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme, found in many phototrophic bacteria, land plants, and some green and red algae, is involved in the production of monovinyl versions of (bacterio)chlorophyll pigments from their divinyl precursors.
comment: It can also act on 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a, 3,8-divinyl chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll c2. cf. EC 1.3.1.75.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17148453
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24151992
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24399236
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + protochlorophyllide a = 3,8-divinyl protochlorophyllide a + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

chlorophyllide a + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: ADP + bacteriochlorophyllide g + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a + ATP + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme, found only in bacteriochlorophyll b-producing bacteria, catalyzes the introduction of a C-8 ethylidene group.
comment: The enzyme contains a [4Fe-4S] cluster, and structurally resembles the Fe protein/MoFe protein complex of nitrogenase.
comment: It is very similar to EC 1.3.7.15 and is composed of three subunits.
comment: Two of them form the catalytic component, while the third one functions as an ATP-dependent reductase component that catalyzes the electron transfer from ferredoxin to the catalytic component.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23386973
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25978726
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

ADP + bacteriochlorophyllide g + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = 3,8-divinyl chlorophyllide a + ATP + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

chlorophyllide a reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.35
activity: 3-deacetyl-3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide a + ADP + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = ATP + chlorophyllide a + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
activity: ADP + bacteriochlorophyllide a + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = 3-acetyl-3-devinylchlorophyllide a + ATP + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
activity: SIP699AFB309E5F7953
comment: The enzyme, together with EC 1.1.1.396 and EC 4.2.1.165, is involved in the conversion of chlorophyllide a to bacteriochlorophyllide a.
comment: These enzymes can act in multiple orders, resulting in the formation of different intermediates, but the final product of the cumulative action of the three enzymes is always bacteriochlorophyllide a.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes a trans-reduction of the B-ring; the product has the (7R,8R)-configuration.
comment: In addition, the enzyme has a latent activity of EC 1.3.7.13.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16571720
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23386973
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24637023
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26088139
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

3-deacetyl-3-vinylbacteriochlorophyllide a + ADP + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = ATP + chlorophyllide a + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

ADP + bacteriochlorophyllide a + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = 3-acetyl-3-devinylchlorophyllide a + ATP + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

SIP699AFB309E5F7953
type: Catalytic Activity
label: 3-deacetyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)bacteriochlorophyllide a + ADP + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + phosphate = 3-devinyl-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)chlorophyllide a + ATP + H(+) + H2O + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].

With a flavin as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming)
narrower transitive: (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: short-chain 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ETF)
narrower transitive: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase (electron-transfer flavoprotein)
narrower transitive: (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: crotonobetainyl-CoA reductase
narrower transitive: L-prolyl-[peptidyl-carrier protein] dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-(aryl)acrylate reductase
narrower transitive: 2-amino-4-deoxychorismate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: dehydro coenzyme F420 reductase

short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.2.1
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.2
alternative label: butanoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: butyryl dehydrogenase
alternative label: short-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: unsaturated acyl-CoA reductase
activity: a short-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a short-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
activity: butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: One of several enzymes that catalyze the first step in fatty acids beta-oxidation.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of saturated short-chain acyl-CoA thioesters to give a trans 2,3-unsaturated product by removal of the two pro-R hydrogen atoms.
comment: The enzyme from beef liver accepts substrates with acyl chain lengths of 3 to 8 carbon atoms.
comment: The highest activity was reported with either butanoyl-CoA or pentanoyl-CoA.
comment: The enzyme from rat has only 10% activity with hexanoyl-CoA (compared to butanoyl-CoA) and no activity with octanoyl-CoA. cf. EC 1.3.8.7, EC 1.3.8.8 and EC 1.3.8.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3968063
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6712627
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7601336
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13130521
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13130522
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16024185
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

a short-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a short-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (4,4'-diapolycopene-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase
alternative label: dehydrosqualene desaturase
activity: 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD + 4 H(+) = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2.
activity: 15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 3 FAD + 3 H(+) = all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + 3 FADH2.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes four successive dehydrogenations, resulting in production of 4,4'-diapolycopene.
comment: While the enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus was only shown to produce 4,4'-diaponeurosporene in vivo, it is able to catalyze the last reaction in vitro.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8002598
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10498735
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11566453
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15933032
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19618272
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 4 FAD + 4 H(+) = all-trans-4,4'-diapolycopene + 4 FADH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

15-cis-4,4'-diapophytoene + 3 FAD + 3 H(+) = all-trans-4,4'-diaponeurosporene + 3 FADH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.21
activity: (R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: Unlike other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, this enzyme exhibits high substrate- and enantiomer specificity it is highly specific for (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA and is inhibited by (S)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA.
comment: Forms the third step in the anaerobic toluene metabolic pathway in Thauera aromatica.
comment: Ferricenium ion is an effective artificial electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10589736
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12420174
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

(R)-2-benzylsuccinyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (E)-2-benzylidenesuccinyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.10
activity: 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: Pentanoate can act as donor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5229850
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6401713
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13319276
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

3-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-methyl-(2E)-butenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

short-chain 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.1.52
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.12
alternative label: 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: 2-methyl branched chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: 2-methyl-branched-chain-enoyl-CoA reductase
alternative label: branched-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity: 2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
activity: 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylpropenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The mammalian enzyme catalyzes an oxidative reaction as a step in the mitochondrial beta-oxidation of short-chain 2-methyl fatty acids and participates in isoleucine degradation.
comment: The enzyme from the parasitic helminth Ascaris suum catalyzes a reductive reaction as part of a fermentation pathway, shuttling reducing power from the electron-transport chain to 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl CoA.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2736251
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3988734
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6401712
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10989435
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11013134
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

2-methylbutanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-2-methylpropenoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ETF)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.7
alternative label: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity: glutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of glutaryl-CoA to glutaconyl-CoA (which remains bound to the enzyme), and the decarboxylation of the latter to crotonyl-CoA (cf. EC 7.2.4.5).
comment: FAD is the electron acceptor in the oxidation of the substrate, and its reoxidation by electron-transfer flavoprotein completes the catalytic cycle.
comment: The anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfococcus multivorans contains two glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenases: a decarboxylating enzyme (this entry), and a non-decarboxylating enzyme that only catalyzes the oxidation to glutaconyl-CoA (EC 1.3.99.32).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4304226
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8439237
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10446367
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17176108
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

glutaryl-CoA + 2 H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (2E)-butenoyl-CoA + CO2 + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.2.2
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.3
alternative label: acyl CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
alternative label: acyl dehydrogenase
alternative label: fatty-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
alternative label: fatty acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase
alternative label: general acyl CoA dehydrogenase
activity: a medium-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a medium-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: One of several enzymes that catalyze the first step in fatty acids beta-oxidation.
comment: The enzyme from pig liver can accept substrates with acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16 carbon atoms, but is most active with C8 to C12 compounds.
comment: The enzyme from rat does not accept C16 at all and is most active with C6-C8 compounds. cf. EC 1.3.8.1, EC 1.3.8.8 and EC 1.3.8.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3968063
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7578106
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7601336
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8356049
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13239683
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13295224
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15159392
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

a medium-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a medium-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.3
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.13
activity: a long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: One of several enzymes that catalyze the first step in fatty acids beta-oxidation.
comment: The enzyme from pig liver can accept substrates with acyl chain lengths of 6 to at least 16 carbon atoms.
comment: The highest activity was found with C12, and the rates with C8 and C16 were 80% and 70%, respectively.
comment: The enzyme from rat can accept substrates with C8-C22.
comment: It is most active with C14 and C16, and has no activity with C4, C6 or C24. cf. EC 1.3.8.1, EC 1.3.8.8 and EC 1.3.8.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1015826
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3968063
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8155643
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13239683
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13319294
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

a long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.3
activity: a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: One of several enzymes that catalyze the first step in fatty acids beta-oxidation.
comment: The enzyme is most active toward long-chain acyl-CoAs such as C14, C16 and C18, but is also active with very-long-chain acyl-CoAs up to 24 carbons.
comment: It shows no activity for substrates of less than 12 carbons.
comment: It's specific activity toward palmitoyl-CoA is more than 10-fold that of the long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. cf. EC 1.3.8.1, EC 1.3.8.7 and EC 1.3.8.8.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1730632
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7769092
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18227065
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

a very-long-chain 2,3-saturated fatty acyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a very-long-chain (2E)-enoyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the strict anaerobic bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicus, is involved in production of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a by-product produced by that organism during fermentation of benzoate and crotonate to acetate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23667239
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = cyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase (electron-transfer flavoprotein)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA dehydrogenase
activity: cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the strict anaerobic bacterium Syntrophus aciditrophicus, is involved in production of cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, a by-product produced by that organism during fermentation of benzoate and crotonate to acetate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10781543
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23667239
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

cyclohexane-1-carbonyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

(2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2-methylfumaryl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, is involved in the ethylmalonyl-CoA pathway for acetyl-CoA assimilation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19703103
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

(2S)-methylsuccinyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 2-methylfumaryl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

crotonobetainyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-(trimethylamino)butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = crotonobetainyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme has been purified from the bacterium Escherichia coli O44 K74, in which it forms a complex with EC 2.8.3.21.
comment: The electron donor is believed to be an electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF) encoded by the fixA and fixB genes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8060125
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10209289
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10978161
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12081978
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

4-(trimethylamino)butanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = crotonobetainyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

L-prolyl-[peptidyl-carrier protein] dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H(+) + L-prolyl-[peptidyl-carrier protein] + 2 oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-[peptidyl-carrier protein] + 2 reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of several pyrrole-containing compounds, such as undecylprodigiosin, prodigiosin, pyoluteorin, and coumermycin A1.
comment: It is believed to catalyze the formation of a Delta(2)-pyrrolin-2-yl(carbonyl)-S-[peptidyl-carrier protein] intermediate, followed by a two-electron oxidation to 1H-pyrrol-2-carbonyl-[peptidyl-carrier protein].
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11880032
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15528645
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

H(+) + L-prolyl-[peptidyl-carrier protein] + 2 oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (1H-pyrrole-2-carbonyl)-[peptidyl-carrier protein] + 2 reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

3-(aryl)acrylate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + phloretate = (E)-4-coumarate + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
activity: 3-phenylpropanoate + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (E)-cinnamate + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
activity: H(+) + indole-3-propanoate + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (E)-3-(indol-3-yl)acrylate + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme, found in some amino acid-fermenting anaerobic bacteria, participates in the fermentation pathways of L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-tryptophan.
comment: Unlike EC 1.3.1.31, this enzyme has minimal activity with crotonate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29168502
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + phloretate = (E)-4-coumarate + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

3-phenylpropanoate + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (E)-cinnamate + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + indole-3-propanoate + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (E)-3-(indol-3-yl)acrylate + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

2-amino-4-deoxychorismate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.24
alternative label: 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate dehydrogenase
alternative label: ADIC dehydrogenase
activity: (2S)-2-amino-4-deoxychorismate + FMN = 3-(1-carboxyvinyloxy)anthranilate + FMNH2.
comment: The sequential action of EC 2.6.1.86 and this enzyme leads to the formation of the benzoxazolinate moiety of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18182490
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

(2S)-2-amino-4-deoxychorismate + FMN = 3-(1-carboxyvinyloxy)anthranilate + FMNH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

dehydro coenzyme F420 reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: FMN + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-0 = dehydro coenzyme F420-0 + FMNH2.
comment: This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme F420, a redox-active cofactor found in all methanogenic archaea, as well as some eubacteria.
comment: In some eubacteria the enzyme is multifunctional, also catalyzing the activities of EC 6.3.2.31, and EC 6.3.2.34.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30952857
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

FMN + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-0 = dehydro coenzyme F420-0 + FMNH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

With other, known, acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)
narrower transitive: coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline reductase
narrower transitive: hydrogen peroxide-dependent heme synthase
narrower transitive: AdoMet-dependent heme synthase
narrower transitive: [mycofactocin precursor peptide]-tyrosine decarboxylase

dihydroorotate oxidase (fumarate)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.3.1
alternative label: DHOD
alternative label: DHODase
alternative label: DHOdehase
alternative label: dihydoorotic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
alternative label: dihydroorotate oxidase
activity: (S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.
comment: The reaction, which takes place in the cytosol, is the only redox reaction in the de novo biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides.
comment: Molecular oxygen can replace fumarate in vitro.
comment: Other class 1 dihydroorotate dehydrogenases use either NAD(+) (EC 1.3.1.14) or NADP(+) (EC 1.3.1.15) as electron acceptor.
comment: The membrane bound class 2 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.5.2) uses quinone as electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9405053
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9655329
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12732650
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17617217
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18808149
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19932077
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

(S)-dihydroorotate + fumarate = orotate + succinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.98.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: fumarate reductase (CoM/CoB)
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.22
alternative label: coproporphyrinogen III oxidase
alternative label: oxygen-independent coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase
activity: coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + protoporphyrinogen IX.
comment: Differs from EC 1.3.3.3 by using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) instead of oxygen as oxidant.
comment: Occurs mainly in bacteria, whereas eukaryotes use the oxygen-dependent oxidase.
comment: The reaction starts by using an electron from the reduced form of the enzyme's [4Fe-4S] cluster to split AdoMet into methionine and the radical 5'-deoxyadenosin-5'-yl; this radical initiates attack on the 2-carboxyethyl groups, leading to their conversion into vinyl groups.
comment: This conversion, -.CH-CH2-COO- -> -CH=CH2 + CO2 + e(-) replaces the electron initially used.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12114526
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14633981
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

coproporphyrinogen III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 CO2 + 2 L-methionine + protoporphyrinogen IX.
type: Catalytic Activity

5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 12-dehydrotetracycline dehydrogenase
alternative label: 12-dehydrotetracycline reductase
alternative label: dehydrooxytetracycline dehydrogenase
activity: H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + tetracycline = 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
activity: H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + oxytetracycline = 5a,11a-dehydrooxytetracycline + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacteria Streptomyces aureofaciens and Streptomyces rimosus, catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of the tetracycline antibiotics tetracycline and oxytetracycline.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23621493
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + tetracycline = 5a,11a-dehydrotetracycline + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + oxytetracycline = 5a,11a-dehydrooxytetracycline + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

hydrogen peroxide-dependent heme synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: coproheme III oxidative decarboxylase
activity: Fe-coproporphyrin III + 2 H(+) + 2 H2O2 = 2 CO2 + 4 H2O + heme b.
comment: The enzyme participates in a heme biosynthesis pathway found in Gram-positive bacteria.
comment: The initial decarboxylation step is fast and yields the three-propanoate harderoheme isomer III.
comment: The second decarboxylation is much slower, cf. EC 1.3.98.6.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20543190
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26083961
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27758026
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27936663
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

Fe-coproporphyrin III + 2 H(+) + 2 H2O2 = 2 CO2 + 4 H2O + heme b.
type: Catalytic Activity

AdoMet-dependent heme synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: SAM-dependent heme synthase
activity: Fe-coproporphyrin III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 CO2 + heme b + 2 L-methionine.
comment: This radical AdoMet enzyme participates in a heme biosynthesis pathway found in archaea and sulfur-reducing bacteria, cf. EC 1.3.98.5.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21969545
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24669201
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

Fe-coproporphyrin III + 2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 2 5'-deoxyadenosine + 2 CO2 + heme b + 2 L-methionine.
type: Catalytic Activity

[mycofactocin precursor peptide]-tyrosine decarboxylase
type: Enzyme
activity: SIPC7DE1E9550DBBFDF
comment: This is a bifunctional radical AdoMet (radical SAM) enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in the biosynthesis of the enzyme cofactor mycofactocin.
comment: Activity requires the presence of the MftB chaperone.
comment: The other activity of the enzyme is EC 4.1.99.26.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21223593
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27158836
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28634235
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30628436
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

SIPC7DE1E9550DBBFDF
type: Catalytic Activity
label: [mycofactocin precursor peptide]-C-terminal glycyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosine + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = 5'-deoxyadenosine + [mycofactocin precursor peptide]-C-terminal glycyl-N-{[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-3-methylbutanamide} + CO2 + L-methionine.

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
narrower transitive: 3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cyclohexanone dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: quinoline 2-oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
narrower transitive: carvone reductase
narrower transitive: all-trans-zeta-carotene desaturase
narrower transitive: 1-hydroxycarotenoid 3,4-desaturase
narrower transitive: phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)
narrower transitive: phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)
narrower transitive: phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
narrower transitive: phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)
narrower transitive: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (acceptor)
narrower transitive: urocanate reductase
narrower transitive: cypemycin cysteine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
narrower transitive: 1-hydroxy-2-isopentenylcarotenoid 3,4-desaturase
narrower transitive: menaquinone-9beta-reductase
narrower transitive: carotenoid phi-ring synthase
narrower transitive: carotenoid chi-ring synthase
narrower transitive: 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl-CoA 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
replaced by: long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
replaced by: very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + a 3-oxosteroid = a 3-oxo-Delta(1)-steroid + AH2.
activity: 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + A = 5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione + AH2.
activity: A + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione = AH2 + androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + a 3-oxosteroid = a 3-oxo-Delta(1)-steroid + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + A = 5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

A + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione = AH2 + androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: steroid 5alpha-reductase
activity: A + a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + AH2.
activity: 5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + A = AH2 + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
activity: 5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione + A = AH2 + androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.
comment: This bacterial enzyme, characterized from Comamonas testosteroni, is involved in androsterone degradation. cf. EC 1.3.1.22.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8655514
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12902225
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13673006
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

5alpha-androstan-3,17-dione + A = AH2 + androst-4-ene-3,17-dione.
type: Catalytic Activity

5alpha-androst-1-ene-3,17-dione + A = AH2 + androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5-beta-reductase
activity: A + a 3-oxo-5beta-steroid = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + AH2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5907467
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + a 3-oxo-5beta-steroid = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (ETF)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2-furoyl-CoA dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: furoyl-CoA hydroxylase
activity: 2-furoyl-CoA + A + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-furoyl-CoA + AH2 + H(+).
comment: The oxygen atom of the -OH produced is derived from water, not O2.
comment: The actual oxidative step is probably dehydrogenation of a hydrated form -CHOH-CH2- to -C(OH)=CH-, which tautomerizes non-enzymically to -CO-CH2-, giving (5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-2-furoyl)-CoA.
comment: Methylene blue, nitro blue tetrazolium and a membrane fraction from Pseudomonas putida can act as acceptors.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2-furoyl-CoA + A + H2O = 5-hydroxy-2-furoyl-CoA + AH2 + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.99.1
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.12
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: short-chain 2-methylacyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.13
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

cyclohexanone dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + cyclohexanone = AH2 + cyclohex-2-enone.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as acceptor.
comment: The corresponding ketones of cyclopentane and cycloheptane cannot act as donors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2505723
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + cyclohexanone = AH2 + cyclohex-2-enone.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.15
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: benzoyl-CoA reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + H2O + isoquinoline = AH2 + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.
comment: The enzyme from Pseudomonas diminuta is specific toward N-containing N-heterocyclic substrates, including isoquinoline, isoquinolin-5-ol, phthalazine and quinazoline.
comment: Electron acceptors include 1,2-benzoquinone, cytochrome c, ferricyanide, iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), Meldola blue and phenazine methosulfate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7782304
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8157655
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + isoquinoline = AH2 + isoquinolin-1(2H)-one.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinoline 2-oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + H2O + quinoline = AH2 + quinolin-2(1H)-one.
activity: 8-chloroquinoline + A + H2O = 8-chloroquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: 8-methylquinoline + A + H2O = 8-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: 4-methylquinoline + A + H2O = 4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: 3-methylquinoline + A + H2O = 3-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: A + H2O + quinolin-8-ol = 8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: A + H2O + quinolin-7-ol = 7-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: A + H2O + quinolin-6-ol = 6-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
activity: A + H2O + quinolin-5-ol = 5-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
comment: In addition to quinoline, quinolin-2-ol, quinolin-7-ol, quinolin-8-ol, 3-, 4- and 8-methylquinolines and 8-chloroquinoline are substrates.
comment: Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT) can act as an electron acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1789933
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2090161
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7556204
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8251516
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + quinoline = AH2 + quinolin-2(1H)-one.
type: Catalytic Activity

8-chloroquinoline + A + H2O = 8-chloroquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

8-methylquinoline + A + H2O = 8-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-methylquinoline + A + H2O = 4-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-methylquinoline + A + H2O = 3-methylquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

A + H2O + quinolin-8-ol = 8-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

A + H2O + quinolin-7-ol = 7-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

A + H2O + quinolin-6-ol = 6-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

A + H2O + quinolin-5-ol = 5-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinaldate 4-oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase
activity: A + H2O + quinaldate = AH2 + kynurenate.
comment: The enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. AK2 also acts on quinoline-8-carboxylate, whereas that from Serratia marcescens 2CC-1 will oxidize nicotinate; quinaldate is a substrate for both of these enzymes.
comment: 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene sulfonate acid, 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT), thionine and menadione will serve as an electron acceptor for the former enzyme and ferricyanide for the latter; Meldola blue, iodonitrotetrazolium chloride (INT), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) and cytochrome c will act as electron acceptors for both.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8292263
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8357532
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + quinaldate = AH2 + kynurenate.
type: Catalytic Activity

quinoline-4-carboxylate 2-oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: quinaldic acid 4-oxidoreductase
alternative label: quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 2-oxidoreductase
activity: A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH2.
comment: Quinoline, 4-methylquinoline and 4-chloroquinoline can also serve as substrates for the enzyme from Agrobacterium sp. 1B.
comment: Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, thionine, menadione and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol can act as electron acceptors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1418685
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + quinoline-4-carboxylate = 2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoline-4-carboxylate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.20
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.21
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: (R)-benzylsuccinyl-CoA dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.22
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: coproporphyrinogen dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

all-trans-retinol 13,14-reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (13,14)-all-trans-retinol saturase
alternative label: retinol saturase
alternative label: RetSat
activity: A + all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol = AH2 + all-trans-retinol.
comment: The reaction is only known to occur in the opposite direction to that given above, with the enzyme being specific for all-trans-retinol as substrate.
comment: Neither all-trans-retinoic acid nor 9-cis, 11-cis or 13-cis-retinol isomers are substrates.
comment: May play a role in the metabolism of vitamin A.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15358783
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol = AH2 + all-trans-retinol.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.24
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 2-amino-4-deoxychorismate dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

carvone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone + A = (R)-carvone + AH2.
activity: (1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + A = (S)-carvone + AH2.
comment: Participates in the carveol and dihydrocarveol degradation pathway of the Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14.
comment: Has not been purified, and requires an unknown cofactor, which is different from NAD(+), NADP(+) or a flavin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10832640
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(1R,4R)-dihydrocarvone + A = (R)-carvone + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(1R,4S)-isodihydrocarvone + A = (S)-carvone + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

all-trans-zeta-carotene desaturase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-step phytoene desaturase
alternative label: phytoene desaturase
activity: 2 A + all-trans-zeta-carotene = 2 AH2 + all-trans-lycopene.
comment: This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17662111
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2 A + all-trans-zeta-carotene = 2 AH2 + all-trans-lycopene.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-hydroxycarotenoid 3,4-desaturase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1-hydroxycarotenoid 3,4-dehydrogenase
alternative label: carotenoid 3,4-dehydrogenase
alternative label: hydroxyneurosporene desaturase
activity: A + rhodopin = (3E)-3,4-didehydrorhodopin + AH2.
comment: The enzymes from Rubrivivax gelatinosus and Rhodobacter sphaeroides prefer the acyclic carotenoids (e.g. 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroneurosporene, 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene) as substrates.
comment: The conversion rate for the 3,4-desaturation of the monocyclic 1'-hydroxy-1',2'-dihydro-gamma-carotene is lower.
comment: The enzyme from the marine bacterium strain P99-3 shows high activity with the monocyclic carotenoid 1'-hydroxy-1',2'-dihydro-gamma-carotene.
comment: The enzyme from Rhodobacter sphaeroides utilizes molecular oxygen as the electron acceptor in vitro.
comment: However, oxygen is unlikely to be the natural electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9393712
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10880364
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15251462
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + rhodopin = (3E)-3,4-didehydrorhodopin + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

phytoene desaturase (neurosporene-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-step phytoene desaturase
activity: 15-cis-phytoene + 3 A = 3 AH2 + all-trans-neurosporene.
comment: This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyzes up to three desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.29, EC 1.3.99.30, EC 1.3.99.31).
comment: The enzyme is activated by FAD.
comment: NAD(+), NADP(+) or ATP show no activating effect.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8830054
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11526111
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

15-cis-phytoene + 3 A = 3 AH2 + all-trans-neurosporene.
type: Catalytic Activity

phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-step phytoene desaturase
activity: 15-cis-phytoene + 2 A = 2 AH2 + all-trans-zeta-carotene.
comment: The enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyzes up to two desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.28, EC 1.3.99.30 and EC 1.3.99.31).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17662111
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

15-cis-phytoene + 2 A = 2 AH2 + all-trans-zeta-carotene.
type: Catalytic Activity

phytoene desaturase (3,4-didehydrolycopene-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5-step phytoene desaturase
activity: 15-cis-phytoene + 5 A = 5 AH2 + all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene.
comment: This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyzes up to five desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.28, EC 1.3.99.29 and EC 1.3.99.31).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11017770
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18812228
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

15-cis-phytoene + 5 A = 5 AH2 + all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene.
type: Catalytic Activity

phytoene desaturase (lycopene-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 4-step phytoene desaturase
activity: 15-cis-phytoene + 4 A = 4 AH2 + all-trans-lycopene.
comment: The enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and catalyzes up to four desaturation steps (cf. EC 1.3.99.28, EC 1.3.99.29 and EC 1.3.99.30).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1400305
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

15-cis-phytoene + 4 A = 4 AH2 + all-trans-lycopene.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
activity: A + glutaryl-CoA = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + AH2.
comment: The anaerobic, sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfococcus multivorans contains two glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenases: a decarboxylating enzyme (EC 1.3.8.6), and a nondecarboxylating enzyme (this entry).
comment: The two enzymes cause different structural changes around the glutaconyl carboxylate group, primarily due to the presence of either a tyrosine or a valine residue, respectively, at the active site.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19395484
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20486657
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + glutaryl-CoA = (2E)-glutaconyl-CoA + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

urocanate reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + dihydrourocanate = AH2 + urocanate.
comment: The enzyme functions as part of an anaerobic electron transfer chain that utilizes urocanate as the terminal electron acceptor.
comment: The activity has been demonstrated with the artificial donor reduced methyl viologen.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23078170
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + dihydrourocanate = AH2 + urocanate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.34
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipid reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.3.99.35
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: chlorophyllide a reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

cypemycin cysteine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.3.99.n3
alternative label: cypemycin decarboxylase
activity: [cypemycin](1-18)-L-Cys-L-Leu-L-Val-L-Cys + A = AH2 + C(3,19),S(21)-[cypemycin](1-18)-L-Ala-L-Leu-N-thioethenyl-L-valinamide + CO2 + hydrogen sulfide.
comment: Cypemycin, isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces sp. OH-4156, is a peptide antibiotic, member of the linaridins, a class of post-translationally modified ribosomally synthesized peptides.
comment: The enzyme decarboxylates and reduces the C-terminal L-cysteine residue, producing a reactive ethenethiol group that reacts with a dethiolated cysteine upstream to form an aminovinyl-methyl-cysteine loop that is important for the antibiotic activity of the mature peptide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20805503
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

[cypemycin](1-18)-L-Cys-L-Leu-L-Val-L-Cys + A = AH2 + C(3,19),S(21)-[cypemycin](1-18)-L-Ala-L-Leu-N-thioethenyl-L-valinamide + CO2 + hydrogen sulfide.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-hydroxy-2-isopentenylcarotenoid 3,4-desaturase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin = AH2 + isopentenyldehydrorhodopin.
activity: A + dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin = AH2 + bisanhydrobacterioruberin.
comment: The enzyme, isolated from the archaeon Haloarcula japonica, is involved in the biosynthesis of the C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin.
comment: In this pathway it catalyzes the desaturation of the C-3,4 double bond in dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin and the desaturation of the C-3'-4' double bond in dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25712483
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + dihydroisopentenyldehydrorhodopin = AH2 + isopentenyldehydrorhodopin.
type: Catalytic Activity

A + dihydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin = AH2 + bisanhydrobacterioruberin.
type: Catalytic Activity

menaquinone-9beta-reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: AH2 + menaquinone-9 = A + beta-dihydromenaquinone-9.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis reduces the beta-isoprene unit of menaquinone-9, forming the predominant form of menaquinone found in mycobacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26436137
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

AH2 + menaquinone-9 = A + beta-dihydromenaquinone-9.
type: Catalytic Activity

carotenoid phi-ring synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 A + a carotenoid beta-end derivative = a carotenoid phi-end derivative + 2 AH2.
comment: The enzyme, found in green sulfur bacteria, some cyanobacteria and some actinobacteria, introduces additional double bonds to the carotenoid beta-end group, leading to aromatization of the ionone ring.
comment: As a result, one of the methyl groups at C-1 is transferred to position C-2.
comment: It is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids with phi-type aromatic end groups such as chlorobactene, beta-isorenieratene, and isorenieratene.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4774401
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10395965
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15292122
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2 A + a carotenoid beta-end derivative = a carotenoid phi-end derivative + 2 AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

carotenoid chi-ring synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 A + a carotenoid beta-end derivative = a carotenoid chi-end derivative + 2 AH2.
comment: The enzyme, found in purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae) and some cyanobacteria, is involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids that contain chi-type end groups, such as okenone, renierapurpurin, and synechoxanthin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18849428
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22070388
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2 A + a carotenoid beta-end derivative = a carotenoid chi-end derivative + 2 AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl-CoA 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-(methylsulfanyl)acryloyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: The enzyme, found in marine bacteria, participates in a 3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoate degradation pathway.
comment: Based on similar enzymes, the in vivo electron acceptor is likely electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21562561
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28469605
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/30677184
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

3-(methylsulfanyl)propanoyl-CoA + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = 3-(methylsulfanyl)acryloyl-CoA + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA reductase (dearomatising)
activity: 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + AH2 + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = 3-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + A + 2 ADP + 2 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
comment: Reduced methyl viologen can act as electron donor.
comment: The enzyme also catalyzes the reaction of EC 1.3.7.8.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed by a heterotetramer.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11208796
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA + AH2 + 2 ATP + 2 H2O = 3-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA + A + 2 ADP + 2 H(+) + 2 phosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.3.99.n2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/4.1.99.19
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

1.3.99.n3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: cypemycin cysteine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a copper protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other, known, acceptors
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: alanine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutamate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: L-amino-acid dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: serine 2-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: valine dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: leucine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glycine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutamate synthase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: glutamate synthase (NADH)
narrower transitive: lysine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: diaminopimelate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: N-methylalanine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: lysine 6-dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: tryptophan dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: phenylalanine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: aspartate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: valine dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: 3-dehydroquinate synthase II
narrower transitive: L-arginine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: glycine cleavage system

alanine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-alanine + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + NH4(+) + pyruvate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-alanine + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + NH4(+) + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutamate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glutamic dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4324282
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glutamic dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
activity: H2O + L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12981035
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13092953
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glutamic dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4144743
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4394939
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-amino-acid dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: an L-alpha-amino acid + H2O + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: Acts on aliphatic amino acids.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

an L-alpha-amino acid + H2O + NAD(+) = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.1.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.4.1
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

serine 2-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-serine:NAD oxidoreductase (deaminating)
alternative label: serine dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-serine + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5972761
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-serine + NAD(+) = 3-hydroxypyruvate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

valine dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-valine + NADP(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3182727
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385962
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389825
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6005410
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-valine + NADP(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

leucine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: LeuDH
activity: H2O + L-leucine + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: Also acts on isoleucine, valine, norvaline and norleucine.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-leucine + NAD(+) = 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glycine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: glycine + H2O + NAD(+) = glyoxylate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

glycine + H2O + NAD(+) = glyoxylate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-erythro-3,5-diaminohexanoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (5S)-5-amino-3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4344229
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3S,5S)-3,5-diaminohexanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (5S)-5-amino-3-oxohexanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
activity: (2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on 2,5-diaminohexanoate forming 2-amino-5-oxohexanoate, which then cyclizes non-enzymically to 1-pyrroline-2-methyl-5-carboxylate.
comment: It has equal activity with NAD(+) and NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.4.1.26).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4394942
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4684685
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NADP(+) = (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

(2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glutamate synthase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/2.6.1.53
alternative label: glutamate (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) synthase
alternative label: glutamate synthetase (NADP)
alternative label: glutamine amide-2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (oxidoreductase, NADP)
alternative label: glutamine-ketoglutaric aminotransferase
alternative label: GOGAT
alternative label: L-glutamate synthase
alternative label: L-glutamate synthetase
alternative label: NADPH-dependent glutamate synthase
alternative label: NADPH-glutamate synthase
activity: 2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-glutamine + NADPH.
comment: The reaction takes place in the opposite direction.
comment: The protein is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta.
comment: The alpha subunit is composed of two domains, one hydrolyzing L-glutamine to NH3 and L-glutamate (cf. EC 3.5.1.2), the other combining the produced NH3 with 2-oxoglutarate to produce a second molecule of L-glutamate (cf. EC 1.4.1.4).
comment: The beta subunit transfers electrons from the cosubstrate.
comment: The NH3 is channeled through a 31 A channel in the active protein.
comment: In the absence of the beta subunit, coupling between the two domains of the alpha subunit is compromised and some ammonium can be produced.
comment: In the intact alphabeta complex, ammonia production only takes place as part of the overall reaction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4565085
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5420057
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10357231
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11331018
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 L-glutamate + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-glutamine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutamate synthase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-glutamate synthase
alternative label: L-glutamate synthetase
alternative label: NADH-dependent glutamate synthase
alternative label: NADH-glutamate synthase
activity: 2 L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-glutamine + NADH.
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN).
comment: The reaction takes place in the direction of L-glutamate production.
comment: The protein is composed of two domains, one hydrolyzing L-glutamine to NH3 and L-glutamate (cf. EC 3.5.1.2), the other combining the produced NH3 with 2-oxoglutarate to produce a second molecule of L-glutamate (cf. EC 1.4.1.2).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21790
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4362465
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7047525
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16666762
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18182018
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 L-glutamate + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-glutamine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

lysine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-lysine + NAD(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4291003
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-lysine + NAD(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

diaminopimelate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: meso-diaminopimelate D-dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10904
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/762012
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-amino-6-oxoheptanedioate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

N-methylalanine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N-methyl-L-alanine + NADP(+) = H(+) + methylamine + NADPH + pyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/236301
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N-methyl-L-alanine + NADP(+) = H(+) + methylamine + NADPH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

lysine 6-dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-lysine 6-dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-lysine epsilon-dehydrogenase
alternative label: LysDH
activity: L-lysine + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NADH + NH4(+).
activity: L-lysine + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NADPH + NH4(+).
activity: NAD(+) + S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine = (4S)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: Highly specific for L-lysine as substrate, although (S)-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine can act as a substrate, but more slowly.
comment: While the enzyme from Agrobacterium tumefaciens can use only NAD(+), that from the thermophilic bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus can also use NADP(+), but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2768207
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6801024
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14766574
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-lysine + NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-lysine + NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(+) + S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine = (4S)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazine-4-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

tryptophan dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-Trp-dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-tryptophan dehydrogenase
alternative label: TrpDH
activity: H2O + L-tryptophan + NAD(+) = H(+) + indole-3-pyruvate + NADH + NH4(+).
activity: H2O + L-tryptophan + NADP(+) = H(+) + indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + NH4(+).
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-tryptophan + NAD(+) = H(+) + indole-3-pyruvate + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + L-tryptophan + NADP(+) = H(+) + indole-3-pyruvate + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

phenylalanine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase
alternative label: PheDH
activity: H2O + L-phenylalanine + NAD(+) = 3-phenylpyruvate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: The enzymes from Bacillus badius and Sporosarcina ureae are highly specific for L-phenylalanine; that from Bacillus sphaericus also acts on L-tyrosine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3112142
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3311741
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-phenylalanine + NAD(+) = 3-phenylpyruvate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

aspartate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADH2-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase
alternative label: NADP(+)-dependent aspartate dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-aspartate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
activity: H2O + L-aspartate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
comment: The enzyme is strictly specific for L-aspartate as substrate.
comment: It produces the unstable compound 2-iminosuccinate, which, in the presence of water, hydrolyzes spontaneously to form oxaloacetate.
comment: The enzyme from some archaea and thermophilic bacteria is likely to transfer 2-iminosuccinate directly to EC 2.5.1.72 preventing its hydrolysis and enabling the de novo biosynthesis of NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9819709
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12496312
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16731057
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17651440
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21468714
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21821928
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22120624
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-aspartate + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + L-aspartate + NAD(+) = H(+) + NADH + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

valine dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-valine + NAD(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme from Streptomyces spp. has no activity with NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.4.1.8).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2324704
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3182727
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-valine + NAD(+) = 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

3-dehydroquinate synthase II
type: Enzyme
alternative label: DHQ synthase II
activity: 2-amino-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-lyxo-hept-6-ulosonate + H2O + NAD(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme, which was isolated from the archaeon Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, plays a key role in an alternative pathway for the biosynthesis of 3-dehydroquinate (DHQ), an intermediate of the canonical pathway for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a two-step reaction - an oxidative deamination, followed by cyclization.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15182204
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-amino-2,3,7-trideoxy-D-lyxo-hept-6-ulosonate + H2O + NAD(+) = 3-dehydroquinate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-arginine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: anabolic L-arginine dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-arginine + NAD(+) = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
activity: H2O + L-arginine + NADP(+) = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme, which has been isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, forms with EC 1.4.99.6 a two-enzyme complex involved in the racemization of D- and L-arginine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19139398
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-arginine + NAD(+) = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + L-arginine + NADP(+) = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADPH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2,4-diaminopentanoate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
alternative label: DAPDH
activity: (2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme, characterized from an unknown bacterium in an environmental sample, has some activity with (2R,4R)-2,4-diaminopentanoate.
comment: It has very low activity with NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.4.1.12).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19251850
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2R,4S)-2,4-diaminopentanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = (2R)-2-amino-4-oxopentanoate + H(+) + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

glycine cleavage system
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GCV
activity: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + NADH + NH4(+).
comment: The glycine cleavage (GCV) system is a large multienzyme complex that belongs to the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complex family, which also includes EC 1.2.1.25, EC 1.2.1.105, EC 1.2.1.104 and EC 2.3.1.190.
comment: The GCV system catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine, yielding carbon dioxide, ammonia, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate and a reduced pyridine nucleotide.
comment: Tetrahydrofolate serves as a recipient for one-carbon units generated during glycine cleavage to form the methylene group.
comment: The GCV system consists of four protein components, the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2), T protein (EC 2.1.2.10), L protein (EC 1.8.1.4), and the non-enzyme H protein (lipoyl-carrier protein).
comment: The P protein catalyzes the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent liberation of CO2 from glycine, leaving a methylamine moiety.
comment: The methylamine moiety is transferred to the lipoic acid group of the H protein, which is bound to the P protein prior to decarboxylation of glycine.
comment: The T protein catalyzes the release of ammonia from the methylamine group and transfers the remaining C1 unit to tetrahydrofolate, forming 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.
comment: The L protein then oxidizes the lipoic acid component of the H protein and transfers the electrons to NAD(+), forming NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4460882
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6469978
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7053363
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7440563
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8375392
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + NADH + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With a cytochrome as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: nicotine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: TEMPLATE: pseudooxynicotine oxidase

glycine dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycine-cytochrome c reductase
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + glycine + H2O = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + glyoxylate + 2 H(+) + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5016640
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + glycine + H2O = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + glyoxylate + 2 H(+) + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

nicotine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (S)-nicotine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + N-methylmyosmine.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Pseudomonas putida S16, contains an FAD cofactor and belongs to the flavin-containing amine oxidase family.
comment: The enzyme from this bacterium is specific for the c-type cytochrome CycN.
comment: The product undergoes spontaneous hydrolysis to form pseudooxynicotine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24204321
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/33432238
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

(S)-nicotine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + N-methylmyosmine.
type: Catalytic Activity

TEMPLATE: pseudooxynicotine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.24
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + pseudooxynicotine = 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanal + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + methylamine.
comment: Contains one non-covalently bound FAD molecule per dimer.
comment: This enzyme, characterized from the soil bacteria Pseudomonas sp. HZN6, and Pseudomonas putida S16, is involved in nicotine degradation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22267672
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/35835223
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + pseudooxynicotine = 4-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)butanal + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + methylamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: D-aspartate oxidase
narrower transitive: L-amino-acid oxidase
narrower transitive: D-amino-acid oxidase
narrower transitive: monoamine oxidase
narrower transitive: pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase
narrower transitive: D-glutamate oxidase
narrower transitive: ethanolamine oxidase
narrower transitive: putrescine oxidase
narrower transitive: L-glutamate oxidase
narrower transitive: cyclohexylamine oxidase
narrower transitive: protein-lysine 6-oxidase
narrower transitive: L-lysine oxidase
narrower transitive: D-glutamate(D-aspartate) oxidase
narrower transitive: L-aspartate oxidase
narrower transitive: glycine oxidase
narrower transitive: L-lysine 6-oxidase
narrower transitive: primary-amine oxidase
narrower transitive: diamine oxidase
narrower transitive: 7-chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase
narrower transitive: L-arginine oxidase
narrower transitive: pre-mycofactocin synthase

D-aspartate oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aspartic oxidase
activity: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6060479
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-amino-acid oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ophio-amino-acid oxidase
activity: an L-alpha-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13843884
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an L-alpha-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

D-amino-acid oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: a D-alpha-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
activity: D-lysine + H2O + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
comment: Wide specificity for D-amino acids.
comment: Also acts on glycine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13767909
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14314378
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14314379
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a D-alpha-amino acid + H2O + O2 = a 2-oxocarboxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

D-lysine + H2O + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

monoamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.9
alternative label: adrenaline oxidase
alternative label: amine oxidase
alternative label: amine oxidase (flavin-containing)
alternative label: tyraminase
alternative label: tyramine oxidase
activity: a secondary aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = a primary amine + an aldehyde + H2O2.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and biogenic amines.
comment: Acts on primary amines, and also on some secondary and tertiary amines.
comment: It differs from EC 1.4.3.21, as it can oxidize secondary and tertiary amines but not methylamine.
comment: Inhibited by acetylenic compounds such as chlorgyline, 1-deprenyl and pargyline but, unlike EC 1.4.3.21 and EC 1.4.3.22, it is not inhibited by semicarbazide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2644497
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15279561
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15279562
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15279563
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16129825
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16402116
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16552415
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a secondary aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = a primary amine + an aldehyde + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: PMP oxidase
alternative label: pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase
alternative label: pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase
alternative label: pyridoxamine-phosphate oxidase
alternative label: pyridoxine (pyridoxamine) 5'-phosphate oxidase
alternative label: pyridoxine (pyridoxamine)phosphate oxidase
activity: H2O + O2 + pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate = H2O2 + NH4(+) + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
activity: O2 + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate = H2O2 + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
comment: In Escherichia coli, the coenzyme pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is synthesized de novo by a pathway that involves EC 1.2.1.72, EC 1.1.1.290, EC 2.6.1.52, EC 1.1.1.262, EC 2.6.99.2 and EC 1.4.3.5.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6822512
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7696318
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10225425
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12824491
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13782387
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15858270
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate = H2O2 + NH4(+) + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

O2 + pyridoxine 5'-phosphate = H2O2 + pyridoxal 5'-phosphate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: primary-amine oxidase
replaced by: diamine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-glutamate oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-glutamic oxidase
activity: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4387700
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

ethanolamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

ethanolamine + H2O + O2 = glycolaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: monoamine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

putrescine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + O2 + putrescine = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: 4-aminobutanal condenses non-enzymically to 1-pyrroline.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4341347
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + putrescine = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-glutamate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-glutamate + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme from Azotobacter previously listed under this number, which did not produce H2O2, was a crude cell-free extract which probably contained catalase.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + L-glutamate + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

cyclohexylamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: cyclohexylamine + H2O + O2 = cyclohexanone + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: Some other cyclic amines can act instead of cyclohexylamine, but not simple aliphatic and aromatic amides.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18451
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

cyclohexylamine + H2O + O2 = cyclohexanone + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

protein-lysine 6-oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: lysyl oxidase
activity: H2O + L-lysyl-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoyl-[protein] + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: Also acts on protein 5-hydroxylysine.
comment: Catalyzes the final known enzymic step required for collagen and elastin cross-linking in the biosynthesis of normal mature extracellular matrices.
comment: These reactions play an important role for the development, elasticity and extensibility of connective tissue.
comment: Also active on free amines, such as cadaverine or benzylamine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7318
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/33171
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4838158
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6147351
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11779117
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20306300
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20439985
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23319596
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + L-lysyl-[protein] + O2 = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoyl-[protein] + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

L-lysine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-lysine + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on L-ornithine, L-phenylalanine, L-arginine and L-histidine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6101334
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12460113
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + L-lysine + O2 = 6-amino-2-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

D-glutamate(D-aspartate) oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
activity: D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
comment: D-glutamate and D-aspartate are oxidized at the same rate.
comment: Other D-monoaminodicarboxylates, and other D- and L-amino acids, are not oxidized. cf. EC 1.4.3.7 and EC 1.4.3.1.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

D-glutamate + H2O + O2 = 2-oxoglutarate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

D-aspartate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + oxaloacetate.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-aspartate oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: LASPO
activity: L-aspartate + O2 = H2O2 + iminosuccinate.
comment: L-Aspartate oxidase catalyzes the first step in the de novo biosynthesis of NAD(+) in some bacteria.
comment: O2 can be replaced by fumarate as electron acceptor, yielding succinate.
comment: The ability of the enzyme to use both O2 and fumarate in cofactor reoxidation enables it to function under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
comment: Iminosuccinate can either be hydrolyzed to form oxaloacetate and NH3 or can be used by EC 2.5.1.72 in the production of quinolinate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7033218
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8706749
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8706750
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10425677
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11863440
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16698895
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

L-aspartate + O2 = H2O2 + iminosuccinate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.17
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.18
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

glycine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
activity: D-alanine + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + pyruvate.
activity: H2O + O2 + sarcosine = glyoxylate + H2O2 + methylamine.
activity: H2O + N-ethylglycine + O2 = ethylamine + glyoxylate + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme from Bacillus subtilis is active with glycine, sarcosine, N-ethylglycine, D-alanine, D-alpha-aminobutyrate, D-proline, D-pipecolate and N-methyl-D-alanine.
comment: It differs from EC 1.4.3.3 due to its activity on sarcosine and D-pipecolate.
comment: The intermediate 2-iminoacetate is used directly by EC 2.8.1.10.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9827558
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11744710
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

glycine + H2O + O2 = glyoxylate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

D-alanine + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + O2 + sarcosine = glyoxylate + H2O2 + methylamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N-ethylglycine + O2 = ethylamine + glyoxylate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-lysine 6-oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: L-lysine-epsilon-oxidase
alternative label: Lod
alternative label: marinocine
activity: H2O + L-lysine + O2 = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: Differs from EC 1.4.3.13 by using free L-lysine rather than the protein-bound form.
comment: N(2)-acetyl-L-lysine is also a substrate, but N(6)-acetyl-L-lysine, which has an acetyl group at position 6, is not.
comment: Also acts on L-ornithine, D-lysine and 4-hydroxy-L-lysine, but more slowly.
comment: The amines cadaverine and putrescine are not substrates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16547036
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17030025
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + L-lysine + O2 = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

primary-amine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.6
alternative label: amine oxidase
alternative label: amine oxidase (copper-containing)
alternative label: benzylamine oxidase
alternative label: CAO
alternative label: copper amine oxidase
activity: an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
activity: 2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2 = 2-phenylacetaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
activity: 3-nitrotyramine + H2O + O2 = 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: A group of enzymes that oxidize primary monoamines but have little or no activity toward diamines, such as histamine, or toward secondary and tertiary amines.
comment: They are copper quinoproteins (2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone) and, unlike EC 1.4.3.4, are sensitive to inhibition by carbonyl-group reagents, such as semicarbazide.
comment: In some mammalian tissues the enzyme also functions as a vascular-adhesion protein (VAP-1).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7337701
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7622512
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8920635
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9405045
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9677370
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10668504
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11156689
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11985492
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14697905
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16046623
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an aliphatic amine + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2 = 2-phenylacetaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

3-nitrotyramine + H2O + O2 = 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetaldehyde + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

diamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.6
alternative label: amine oxidase
alternative label: amine oxidase (copper-containing)
alternative label: CAO
alternative label: copper amine oxidase
alternative label: Cu-containing amine oxidase
alternative label: diamino oxhydrase
alternative label: histaminase
alternative label: histamine deaminase
alternative label: semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase
alternative label: SSAO
activity: H2O + histamine + O2 = H2O2 + imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH4(+).
comment: A group of enzymes that oxidize diamines, such as histamine, and also some primary monoamines but have little or no activity toward secondary and tertiary amines.
comment: They are copper quinoproteins (2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone) and, like EC 1.4.3.21 but unlike EC 1.4.3.4, they are sensitive to inhibition by carbonyl-group reagents, such as semicarbazide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/182134
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8182053
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10668504
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12072962
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + histamine + O2 = H2O2 + imidazole-4-acetaldehyde + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

7-chloro-L-tryptophan oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 7-chloro-L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-(7-chloroindol-3-yl)-2-iminopropanoate + H2O2.
activity: L-tryptophan + O2 = 2-iminio-3-(indol-3-yl)propanoate + H2O2.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes a step in the biosynthesis of rebeccamycin, an indolocarbazole alkaloid produced by the bacterium Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes.
comment: During catalysis, the bound FAD is reoxidized at the expense of molecular oxygen, producing one molecule of hydrogen peroxide.
comment: The enzyme shows significant preference for 7-chloro-L-tryptophan over L-tryptophan.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15743957
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16313168
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

7-chloro-L-tryptophan + O2 = 3-(7-chloroindol-3-yl)-2-iminopropanoate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-tryptophan + O2 = 2-iminio-3-(indol-3-yl)propanoate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.3.24
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: TEMPLATE: pseudooxynicotine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

L-arginine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + L-arginine + O2 = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme from cyanobacteria can also act on other basic amino acids with lower activity.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. TPU 7192 is highly specific.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5570437
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6766743
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17542496
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26672462
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + L-arginine + O2 = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + H2O2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

pre-mycofactocin synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3-amino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidin-2-one + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + pre-mycofactocin.
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN).
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of the enzyme cofactor mycofactocin.
comment: The enzyme uses oxygen as an electron source to oxidize a C-N bond, followed by spontaneous exchange with water to form an alpha-keto moiety on the resulting molecule.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/31381312
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

3-amino-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-4,4-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidin-2-one + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + NH4(+) + pre-mycofactocin.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.4.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.4.1
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

glycine dehydrogenase (aminomethyl-transferring)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glycine-cleavage complex P-protein
alternative label: glycine cleavage system P-protein
alternative label: glycine decarboxylase
alternative label: glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
activity: (R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[glycine-cleavage complex H protein] + glycine + H(+) = (R)-N(6)-(S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[glycine-cleavage complex H protein] + CO2.
comment: A component of the glycine cleavage system, which is composed of four components that only loosely associate: the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2), the T protein (EC 2.1.2.10), the L protein (EC 1.8.1.4) and the lipoyl-bearing H protein.
comment: Previously known as glycine synthase.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7440563
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10966480
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15642479
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

(R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[glycine-cleavage complex H protein] + glycine + H(+) = (R)-N(6)-(S(8)-aminomethyldihydrolipoyl)-L-lysyl-[glycine-cleavage complex H protein] + CO2.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: D-amino acid dehydrogenase (quinone)

D-amino acid dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: DadA
activity: a D-alpha-amino acid + a quinone + H2O = a 2-oxocarboxylate + a quinol + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is highly specific for D-proline, while the enzyme from the bacterium Escherichia coli B is most active with D-alanine, D-phenylalanine and D-methionine.
comment: This enzyme may be the same as EC 1.4.99.6.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6102989
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19212808
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a D-alpha-amino acid + a quinone + H2O = a 2-oxocarboxylate + a quinol + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)

glutamate synthase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase
activity: 2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2-oxoglutarate + 2 H(+) + L-glutamine + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The protein is composed of two domains, one hydrolyzing L-glutamine to NH3 and L-glutamate (cf. EC 3.5.1.2), the other combining the produced NH3 with 2-oxoglutarate to produce a second molecule of L-glutamate.
comment: The NH3 is channeled through a 24 A channel in the active protein.
comment: No hydrolysis of glutamine takes place without ferredoxin and 2-oxoglutarate being bound to the protein.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4423889
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10898944
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11967268
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12069605
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12818206
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 L-glutamate + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2-oxoglutarate + 2 H(+) + L-glutamine + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With a copper protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
narrower transitive: aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)

methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.98.1
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.99.3
alternative label: amine dehydrogenase
alternative label: MADH
alternative label: methylamine dehydrogenase
alternative label: primary-amine dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + methylamine + 2 oxidized [amicyanin] = formaldehyde + 2 H(+) + NH4(+) + 2 reduced [amicyanin].
comment: The enzyme oxidizes aliphatic monoamines and diamines, histamine and ethanolamine, but not secondary and tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts or aromatic amines.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4388687
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5124384
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6246962
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18512962
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20873742
subclass of: With a copper protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a copper protein as acceptor

H2O + methylamine + 2 oxidized [amicyanin] = formaldehyde + 2 H(+) + NH4(+) + 2 reduced [amicyanin].
type: Catalytic Activity

aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.99.4
alternative label: aromatic amine dehydrogenase
alternative label: arylamine dehydrogenase
activity: an aralkylamine + H2O + 2 oxidized [azurin] = an aromatic aldehyde + 2 H(+) + NH4(+) + 2 reduced [azurin].
comment: Phenazine methosulfate can act as acceptor.
comment: Acts on aromatic amines and, more slowly, on some long-chain aliphatic amines, but not on methylamine or ethylamine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6830237
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7547967
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10506161
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15234267
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17087503
subclass of: With a copper protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a copper protein as acceptor

an aralkylamine + H2O + 2 oxidized [azurin] = an aromatic aldehyde + 2 H(+) + NH4(+) + 2 reduced [azurin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With other, known, acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.98.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
narrower transitive: taurine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming)
narrower transitive: D-arginine dehydrogenase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.99.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: D-arginine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

taurine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + H2O + taurine = AH2 + NH4(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4724302
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + taurine = AH2 + NH4(+) + sulfoacetaldehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.99.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylamine dehydrogenase (amicyanin)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.99.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aralkylamine dehydrogenase (azurin)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

glycine dehydrogenase (cyanide-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: HCN synthase
alternative label: hydrogen cyanide synthase
activity: 2 A + glycine = 2 AH2 + CO2 + hydrogen cyanide.
comment: The enzyme is membrane-bound, and the 2-electron acceptor is a component of the respiratory chain.
comment: The enzyme can act with various artificial electron acceptors, including phenazine methosulfate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/233722
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/234422
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9620970
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10763748
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

2 A + glycine = 2 AH2 + CO2 + hydrogen cyanide.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-arginine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.4.99.1
alternative label: D-amino-acid dehydrogenase
activity: A + D-arginine + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + AH2 + NH4(+).
comment: The enzyme, which has been isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, forms with EC 1.4.1.25 a two-enzyme complex involved in the racemization of D- and L-arginine.
comment: The enzyme has a broad substrate range and can act on most D-amino acids with the exception of D-glutamate and D-aspartate.
comment: However, activity is maximal with D-arginine and D-lysine.
comment: Not active on glycine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5925166
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19139398
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20809650
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20932054
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21707047
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21999550
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-arginine + H2O = 5-guanidino-2-oxopentanoate + AH2 + NH4(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a flavin as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other, known, acceptors
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
narrower transitive: dihydrofolate reductase
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
narrower transitive: formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD(+), L-lysine-forming)
narrower transitive: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP(+), L-lysine-forming)
narrower transitive: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD(+), L-glutamate-forming)
narrower transitive: saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP(+), L-glutamate-forming)
narrower transitive: D-octopine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
narrower transitive: D-lysopine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: alanopine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: (-)-ephedrine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: D-nopaline dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: strombine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: tauropine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase
narrower transitive: thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: beta-alanopine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: opine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: flavin reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: berberine reductase
narrower transitive: vomilenine reductase
narrower transitive: pteridine reductase
narrower transitive: 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase
narrower transitive: flavin reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: FAD reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: FMN reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: FMN reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin:NADPH oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: riboflavin reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: FMN reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: carboxynorspermidine synthase
narrower transitive: festuclavine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: FAD reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: agroclavine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: dihydromethanopterin reductase [NAD(P)(+)]
narrower transitive: 2-methyl-1-pyrroline reductase
narrower transitive: 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: dihydromonapterin reductase
narrower transitive: N-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-L-glutamate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: staphylopine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADH)

1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase
activity: L-pipecolate + NADP(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: L-pipecolate + NAD(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
activity: L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: L-proline + NAD(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzymes, characterized from the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense, is involved in trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline metabolism.
comment: In contrast to EC 1.5.1.21, which is specific for NADPH, this enzyme shows similar activity with NADPH and NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13502341
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24649405
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-pipecolate + NADP(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-pipecolate + NAD(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-proline + NAD(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: P5CR
activity: L-proline + NAD(+) = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Also reduces 1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate to L-hydroxyproline.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-proline + NAD(+) = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrofolate reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.4
alternative label: tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
activity: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from animals and some micro-organisms also slowly reduces folate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4306838
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4379915
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6815178
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydrofolate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: dihydrofolate reductase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4379024
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13462986
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13499428
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14490085
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
activity: (6S)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP(+) = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384443
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S)-10-formyltetrahydrofolate + H2O + NADP(+) = (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + CO2 + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD(+), L-lysine-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase
activity: H2O + L-saccharopine + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-lysine + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4287986
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4339117
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-saccharopine + NAD(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-lysine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP(+), L-lysine-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: lysine-2-oxoglutarate reductase
alternative label: lysine-ketoglutarate reductase
activity: H2O + L-saccharopine + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-lysine + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385118
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6434529
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-saccharopine + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-lysine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

saccharopine dehydrogenase (NAD(+), L-glutamate-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase
alternative label: saccharopin dehydrogenase
activity: H2O + L-saccharopine + NAD(+) = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + L-glutamate + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385118
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6434529
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-saccharopine + NAD(+) = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + L-glutamate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

saccharopine dehydrogenase (NADP(+), L-glutamate-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aminoadipate semialdehyde-glutamate reductase
alternative label: aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamate reductase
alternative label: aminoadipic semialdehyde-glutamic reductase
alternative label: saccharopine reductase
activity: H2O + L-saccharopine + NADP(+) = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + L-glutamate + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4380448
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + L-saccharopine + NADP(+) = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H(+) + L-glutamate + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-octopine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-octopine synthase
alternative label: octopine dehydrogenase
alternative label: ODH
activity: D-octopine + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arginine + NADH + pyruvate.
comment: Also acts, in the reverse direction, on L-ornithine, L-lysine and L-histidine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4310628
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-octopine + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-arginine + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.12
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.13
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.17.1.5
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.14
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase (NADPH)
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NAD(+))
type: Enzyme
activity: (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4153026
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-lysopine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-lysopine synthase
alternative label: lysopine dehydrogenase
activity: D-lysopine + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-lysine + NADPH + pyruvate.
comment: In the reverse reaction, a number of L-amino acids can act instead of L-lysine, and 2-oxobutanoate and, to a lesser extent, glyoxylate can act instead of pyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21695
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-lysopine + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-lysine + NADPH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

alanopine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-alanine + NADH + pyruvate.
comment: In the reverse reaction, L-alanine can be replaced by L-cysteine, L-serine, or L-threonine; glycine acts very slowly (cf. EC 1.5.1.22).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6156653
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7238503
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2,2'-iminodipropanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-alanine + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

(-)-ephedrine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The product immediately hydrolyzes to methylamine and 1-hydroxy-1-phenylpropan-2-one.
comment: Acts on a number of related compounds including (-)-sympatol, (+)-pseudoephedrine and (+)-norephedrine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7405363
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(1R,2S)-ephedrine + NAD(+) = (R)-2-methylimino-1-phenylpropan-1-ol + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-nopaline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-nopaline synthase
alternative label: nopaline dehydrogenase
alternative label: nopaline synthase
alternative label: NOS
activity: D-nopaline + H2O + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-arginine + NADPH.
comment: In the reverse direction, forms D-nopaline from L-arginine and D-ornaline from L-ornithine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/476084
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

D-nopaline + H2O + NADP(+) = 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + L-arginine + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.68
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.171
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.99.15
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.5
alternative label: MTHFR
activity: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, playing an important role in folate metabolism by regulating the distribution of one-carbon moieties between cellular methylation reactions and nucleic acid synthesis.
comment: This enzyme, characterized from Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, is unique among similar characterized eukaryotic enzymes in that it lacks the C-terminal allosteric regulatory domain (allowing it to catalyze a reversible reaction) and uses NADH and NADPH with equal efficiency under physiological conditions. cf. EC 1.5.1.53, EC 1.5.1.54, and EC 1.5.7.1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17032644
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-piperideine-2-carboxylate/1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.14
alternative label: Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase
alternative label: Pyr2C reductase
activity: L-pipecolate + NADP(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme is involved in the catabolism of D-lysine and D-proline in bacteria that belong to the Pseudomonas genus.
comment: In contrast to EC 1.5.1.1, which shows similar activity with NADPH and NADH, this enzyme is specific for NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6801013
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15561717
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24649405
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-pipecolate + NADP(+) = Delta(1)-piperideine-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

strombine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine + NAD(+) = glycine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
comment: Catalyzes the reaction of EC 1.5.1.17, more slowly.
comment: Does not act on L-strombine.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine + NAD(+) = glycine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

tauropine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + tauropine = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.
comment: In the reverse reaction, alanine can act instead of taurine, more slowly, and 2-oxobutanoate and 2-oxopentanoate can act instead of pyruvate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3769931
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + tauropine = H(+) + NADH + pyruvate + taurine.
type: Catalytic Activity

N(5)-(carboxyethyl)ornithine synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N(5)-[1(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-ornithine + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-ornithine + NADPH + pyruvate.
comment: In the reverse direction L-lysine can act instead of L-ornithine, more slowly.
comment: Acts on the amino group (cf. EC 1.5.1.16).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2498334
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N(5)-[1(S)-1-carboxyethyl]-L-ornithine + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-ornithine + NADPH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

thiomorpholine-carboxylate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: ketimine reductase
activity: (3R)-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NADP(+) = 3,4-dehydrothiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (3R)-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NAD(+) = 3,4-dehydrothiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The product is the cyclic imine of the 2-oxoacid corresponding to S-(2-aminoethyl)cysteine.
comment: In the reverse direction, a number of other cyclic unsaturated compounds can act as substrates, more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3371353
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(3R)-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NADP(+) = 3,4-dehydrothiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(3R)-1,4-thiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + NAD(+) = 3,4-dehydrothiomorpholine-3-carboxylate + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

beta-alanopine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD(+) = beta-alanine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-beta-alanopine + H2O + NAD(+) = beta-alanine + H(+) + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

1,2-dehydroreticulinium reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 1,2-dehydroreticulinium ion reductase
activity: (R)-reticuline + NADP(+) = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Reduces the 1,2-dehydroreticulinium ion to (R)-reticuline, which is a direct precursor of morphinan alkaloids in the poppy plant.
comment: The enzyme does not catalyze the reverse reaction to any significant extent under physiological conditions.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-reticuline + NADP(+) = 1,2-dehydroreticuline + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

opine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: (2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-2-aminopentanoate + NADH + pyruvate.
comment: in the forward direction, the enzyme from Arthrobacter sp. acts also on secondary amine dicarboxylates such as N-(1-carboxyethyl)methionine and N-(1-carboxyethyl)phenylalanine.
comment: Dehydrogenation forms an imine, which dissociates to the amino acid and pyruvate.
comment: In the reverse direction, the enzyme acts also on neutral amino acids as an amino donor.
comment: They include L-amino acids such as 2-aminopentanoic acid, 2-aminobutyric acid, 2-aminohexanoic acid, 3-chloroalanine, O-acetylserine, methionine, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and alanine.
comment: The amino acceptors include 2-oxoacids such as pyruvate, oxaloacetate, glyoxylate and 2-oxobutyrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2753861
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7487048
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(2S)-2-[(R)-1-carboxyethylamino]pentanoate + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-2-aminopentanoate + NADH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.29
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: FMN reductase (NADPH)
replaced by: FMN reductase [NAD(P)H]
replaced by: riboflavin reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

flavin reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.8.2
alternative label: flavine mononucleotide reductase
alternative label: flavin mononucleotide reductase
alternative label: FMN reductase (NADPH)
alternative label: NADPH:flavin oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH:riboflavin oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH dehydrogenase (flavin)
alternative label: NADPH-dependent FMN reductase
alternative label: NADPH-flavin reductase
alternative label: NADPH-FMN reductase
alternative label: NADPH-specific FMN reductase
alternative label: riboflavine mononucleotide reductase
alternative label: riboflavin mononucleotide (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) reductase
alternative label: riboflavin mononucleotide reductase
activity: NADP(+) + reduced riboflavin = 2 H(+) + NADPH + riboflavin.
comment: The enzyme from Entamoeba histolytica reduces riboflavin and galactoflavin, and, more slowly, FMN and FAD.
comment: NADH is oxidized more slowly than NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3453680
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6258069
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + reduced riboflavin = 2 H(+) + NADPH + riboflavin.
type: Catalytic Activity

berberine reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-canadine synthase
activity: (R)-canadine + 2 NADP(+) = berberine + H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: Involved in alkaloid biosynthesis in Corydalis cava to give (R)-canadine with the opposite configuration to the precursor of berberine (see EC 1.3.3.8).
comment: Also acts on 7,8-dihydroberberine.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-canadine + 2 NADP(+) = berberine + H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

vomilenine reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + vomilenine.
comment: Forms part of the ajmaline biosynthesis pathway.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11937349
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

1,2-dihydrovomilenine + NADP(+) = H(+) + NADPH + vomilenine.
type: Catalytic Activity

pteridine reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.1.1.253
alternative label: pteridine reductase 1
alternative label: PTR1
activity: (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + L-erythro-biopterin + 2 NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from Leishmania (both amastigote and promastigote forms) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of folate and a wide variety of unconjugated pterins, including biopterin, to their tetrahydro forms.
comment: It also catalyzes the reduction of 7,8-dihydropterins and 7,8-dihydrofolate to their tetrahydro forms.
comment: In contrast to EC 1.5.1.3 and EC 1.5.1.34, pteridine reductase will not catalyze the reduction of the quinonoid form of dihydrobiopterin.
comment: The enzyme is specific for NADPH; no activity has been detected with NADH.
comment: It also differs from EC 1.5.1.3 in being specific for the B side of NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9153248
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10800597
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11373620
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + 2 NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + L-erythro-biopterin + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

6,7-dihydropteridine reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.7
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.10
alternative label: 6,7-dihydropteridine:NAD(P)H oxidoreductase
alternative label: DHPR
alternative label: dihydropteridine (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) reductase
alternative label: dihydropteridine reductase
alternative label: dihydropteridine reductase (NADH)
alternative label: NAD(P)H2:6,7-dihydropteridine oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-dihydropteridine reductase
alternative label: NADPH-dihydropteridine reductase
alternative label: NADPH-specific dihydropteridine reductase
activity: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + NADP(+) = 6,7-dihydropteridine + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + NAD(+) = 6,7-dihydropteridine + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NADP(+) = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: (6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NAD(+) = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The substrate is the quinonoid form of dihydropteridine.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.5.1.3.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16875
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/191436
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4402916
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + NADP(+) = 6,7-dihydropteridine + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteridine + NAD(+) = 6,7-dihydropteridine + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NADP(+) = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(6R)-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin + NAD(+) = (6R)-L-erythro-6,7-dihydrobiopterin + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.35
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

flavin reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADH-dependent flavin reductase
activity: a reduced flavin + NAD(+) = an oxidized flavin + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli W catalyzes the reduction of free flavins by NADH.
comment: The enzyme has similar affinity to FAD, FMN and riboflavin.
comment: Activity with NADPH is more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than activity with NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10633095
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

a reduced flavin + NAD(+) = an oxidized flavin + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

FAD reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADH-dependent FAD reductase
activity: FADH2 + NAD(+) = FAD + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from Burkholderia phenoliruptrix can reduce either FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) but prefers FAD.
comment: Unlike EC 1.5.1.36, the enzyme can not reduce riboflavin.
comment: The enzyme does not use NADPH as acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12700257
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

FADH2 + NAD(+) = FAD + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

FMN reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.29
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.8.1
alternative label: flavin reductase P
activity: FMNH2 + NADP(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzymes from bioluminescent bacteria contain FMN, while the enzyme from Escherichia coli does not.
comment: The enzyme often forms a two-component system with monooxygenases such as luciferase.
comment: Unlike EC 1.5.1.39, this enzyme does not use NADH as acceptor.
comment: While FMN is the preferred substrate, the enzyme can also use FAD and riboflavin with lower activity.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23827
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/880288
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1175652
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8206832
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8885832
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8990272
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9772191
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10480865
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

FMNH2 + NADP(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

FMN reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.29
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.8.1
activity: FMNH2 + NADP(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
activity: FMNH2 + NAD(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme can utilize NADH and NADPH with similar reaction rates.
comment: Different from EC 1.5.1.42 and EC 1.5.1.38.
comment: The luminescent bacterium Vibrio harveyi possesses all three enzymes, while the bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri contains only this non-specific type.
comment: Also reduces riboflavin and FAD, but more slowly.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/222213
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6981058
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11469801
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

FMNH2 + NADP(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

FMNH2 + NAD(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin:NADPH oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: 1.6.99.n1
activity: NADP(+) + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 2 H(+) + NADPH + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: The enzyme has an absolute requirement for both the 5-deazaflavin structure and the presence of an 8-hydroxy group in the substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2492438
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 2 H(+) + NADPH + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

riboflavin reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.1.29
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.8.1
alternative label: flavine mononucleotide reductase
alternative label: flavin mononucleotide reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H2 dehydrogenase (FMN)
alternative label: NAD(P)H-dependent FMN reductase
alternative label: riboflavine mononucleotide reductase
alternative label: riboflavin mononucleotide reductase
activity: NAD(+) + reduced riboflavin = 2 H(+) + NADH + riboflavin.
activity: NADP(+) + reduced riboflavin = 2 H(+) + NADPH + riboflavin.
comment: Catalyzes the reduction of soluble flavins by reduced pyridine nucleotides.
comment: Highest activity with riboflavin.
comment: When NADH is used as acceptor, the enzyme can also utilize FMN and FAD as substrates, with lower activity than riboflavin.
comment: When NADPH is used as acceptor, the enzyme has a very low activity with FMN and no activity with FAD.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2050627
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3305505
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10353815
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + reduced riboflavin = 2 H(+) + NADH + riboflavin.
type: Catalytic Activity

NADP(+) + reduced riboflavin = 2 H(+) + NADPH + riboflavin.
type: Catalytic Activity

FMN reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADH-dependent FMN reductase
activity: FMNH2 + NAD(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme often forms a two-component system with monooxygenases.
comment: Unlike EC 1.5.1.38 and EC 1.5.1.39, this enzyme has a strong preference for NADH over NADPH, although some activity with the latter is observed.
comment: While FMN is the preferred substrate, FAD can also be used with much lower activity.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/47604
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1175652
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1735711
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8167139
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

FMNH2 + NAD(+) = FMN + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

carboxynorspermidine synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: carboxynorspermidine dehydrogenase
alternative label: carboxyspermidine dehydrogenase
activity: carboxynorspermidine + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPH + propane-1,3-diamine.
activity: carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPH + putrescine.
comment: The reaction takes place in the opposite direction.
comment: Part of a bacterial polyamine biosynthesis pathway.
comment: L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde and propane-1,3-diamine/putrescine form a Schiff base that is reduced to form carboxynorspermidine/carboxyspermidine, respectively.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Vibrio cholerae is essential for biofilm formation.
comment: The enzyme from Campylobacter jejuni only produces carboxyspermidine in vivo even though it also can produce carboxynorspermidine in vitro.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1955861
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19196710
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22025614
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

carboxynorspermidine + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPH + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

carboxyspermidine + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + L-aspartate 4-semialdehyde + NADPH + putrescine.
type: Catalytic Activity

festuclavine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: festuclavine synthase
activity: festuclavine + NAD(+) = 6,8-dimethyl-6,7-didehydroergoline + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of fumigaclavine C, an ergot alkaloid produced by some fungi of the Trichocomaceae family.
comment: The reaction proceeds in vivo in the opposite direction to the one shown here.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20526482
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

festuclavine + NAD(+) = 6,8-dimethyl-6,7-didehydroergoline + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

FAD reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
activity: FADH2 + NAD(+) = FAD + 2 H(+) + NADH.
activity: FADH2 + NADP(+) = FAD + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
comment: This enzyme, isolated from the bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans, participates in the pathway of tryptophan degradation.
comment: The enzyme is part of a system that also includes a bifunctional riboflavin kinase/FMN adenylyltransferase and EC 1.14.14.8.
comment: It can reduce either FAD or flavin mononucleotide (FMN) but prefers FAD.
comment: The enzyme has a slight preference for NADPH as acceptor. cf. EC 1.5.1.37.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19942660
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

FADH2 + NAD(+) = FAD + 2 H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

FADH2 + NADP(+) = FAD + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

agroclavine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: agroclavine + NADP(+) = didehydroagroclavine + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of ergotamine, an ergot alkaloid produced by some fungi of the Clavicipitaceae family.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed in the opposite direction to that shown.
comment: The substrate for the enzyme is an iminium intermediate that is formed spontaneously from chanoclavine-I aldehyde in the presence of glutathione.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21494745
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

agroclavine + NADP(+) = didehydroagroclavine + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydromethanopterin reductase [NAD(P)(+)]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin 5,6-oxidoreductase
alternative label: dihydromethanopterin reductase
alternative label: H2MPT reductase
activity: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NAD(+) = 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens, is involved in biosynthesis of dephospho-tetrahydromethanopterin.
comment: The specific activity with NADH is 15% of that with NADPH at the same concentration.
comment: It does not reduce 7,8-dihydrofolate (cf. EC 1.5.1.3).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15028691
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NADP(+) = 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + NAD(+) = 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-methyl-1-pyrroline reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: (R)-imine reductase
activity: (R)-2-methylpyrrolidine + NADP(+) = 2-methyl-1-pyrroline + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Streptomyces sp. GF3587 is highly specific for its substrate and forms only the (R) isomer.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21897027
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-2-methylpyrrolidine + NADP(+) = 2-methyl-1-pyrroline + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
activity: L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
activity: L-proline + NAD(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea is involved in trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline metabolism.
comment: In contrast to EC 1.5.1.1 which shows similar activity with 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate, this enzyme is specific for the latter.
comment: While the enzyme is active with both NADH and NADPH, activity is higher with NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24649405
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

L-proline + NADP(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-proline + NAD(+) = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydromonapterin reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: H2-MPt reductase
activity: 7,8-dihydromonapterin + H(+) + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromonapterin + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme, found in many Gram negative bacteria, also slowly reduces 7,8-dihydrofolate to 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate (cf. EC 1.5.1.3, dihydrofolate reductase).
comment: The enzyme has no activity with NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19897652
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7,8-dihydromonapterin + H(+) + NADPH = 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromonapterin + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

N-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-L-glutamate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-L-glutamate + NAD(+) = (S)-2,3-diaminopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, is involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore staphyloferrin B.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21906287
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24485762
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N-[(2S)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-L-glutamate + NAD(+) = (S)-2,3-diaminopropanoate + 2-oxoglutarate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

staphylopine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: staphylopine synthase
activity: H2O + NADP(+) + staphylopine = (2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}butanoate + H(+) + NADPH + pyruvate.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, catalyzes the last reaction in the biosynthesis of the metallophore staphylopine, which is involved in the acquisition of nickel, copper, and cobalt.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27230378
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29618515
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NADP(+) + staphylopine = (2S)-2-amino-4-{[(1R)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethyl]amino}butanoate + H(+) + NADPH + pyruvate.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2)
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)
alternative label: N(5),10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
activity: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
comment: The enzyme from yeast and mammals catalyzes a physiologically irreversible reduction of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate using NADPH as the electron donor.
comment: It plays an important role in folate metabolism by regulating the distribution of one-carbon moieties between cellular methylation reactions and nucleic acid synthesis.
comment: The enzyme contains an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal allosteric regulatory domain that binds S-adenosyl-L-methionine, which acts as an inhibitor. cf. EC 1.5.1.54, EC 1.5.1.20, and EC 1.5.7.1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2383427
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4399897
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6975779
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11729203
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13817476
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29891918
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5,10-CH2-H4folate reductase
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (FADH2)
alternative label: N(5),10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
activity: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
comment: The enzyme, found in plants and some bacteria, catalyzes the reversible conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate using NADH as the electron donor.
comment: It play an important role in folate metabolism by regulating the distribution of one-carbon moieties between cellular methylation reactions and nucleic acid synthesis.
comment: These proteins either contain a C-terminal domain that does not mediate allosteric regulation (as in plants) or lack this domain entirely (as in Escherichia coli).
comment: As a result, the plant enzymes are not inhibited by S-adenosyl-L-methionine, unlike other eukaryotic enzymes, and catalyze a reversible reaction. cf. EC 1.5.1.53, EC 1.5.1.20, and EC 1.5.7.1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2209595
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9922232
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10201405
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10593891
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25733614
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NAD(+) = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: sarcosine oxidasee (formaldehyde-forming)
narrower transitive: N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase
narrower transitive: N(6)-methyl-lysine oxidase
narrower transitive: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
narrower transitive: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
narrower transitive: L-pipecolate oxidase
narrower transitive: dimethylglycine oxidase
narrower transitive: dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
narrower transitive: N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase
narrower transitive: polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
narrower transitive: N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
narrower transitive: spermine oxidase
narrower transitive: non-specific polyamine oxidase
narrower transitive: L-saccharopine oxidase
narrower transitive: 4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (formaldehyde-forming)
narrower transitive: N-alkylglycine oxidase
narrower transitive: 4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (methylamine-forming)
narrower transitive: coenzyme F420H2 oxidase
narrower transitive: glyphosate oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: sarcosine oxidase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming)

sarcosine oxidasee (formaldehyde-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: monomeric sarcosine oxidase
alternative label: MSOX
alternative label: sarcosine oxidasee
activity: H2O + O2 + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, reported from bacteria and fungi, catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine.
comment: It contains a FAD cofactor bound to an L-cysteine residue. cf. EC 1.5.3.24.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10368302
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10913292
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16349451
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18693755
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20353187
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27168219
citation: SIPA92E437F3CD7880E
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

N-methyl-L-amino-acid oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-alpha-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an N-methyl-L-amino acid + H2O + O2 = an L-alpha-amino acid + formaldehyde + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

N(6)-methyl-lysine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: epsilon-alkyllysinase
alternative label: epsilon-N-methyllysine demethylase
alternative label: N(6)-methyllysine oxidase
activity: H2O + N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + L-lysine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14257609
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + N(6)-methyl-L-lysine + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + L-lysine.
type: Catalytic Activity

(S)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6-hydroxy-L-nicotine oxidase
alternative label: L-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
activity: (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, which participates in nicotine degradation, is specific for the (S) isomer of 6-hydroxynicotine.
comment: The bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, in which this enzyme was originally discovered, has a different enzyme that catalyzes a similar reaction with the less common (R)-isomer (cf. EC 1.5.3.6).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5646150
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5849820
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9878353
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25002425
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(S)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 6-hydroxy-D-nicotine oxidase
alternative label: D-6-hydroxynicotine oxidase
activity: (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, which participates in nicotine degradation, is specific for (R) isomer of 6-hydroxynicotine, derived from the uncommon (R)-nicotine.
comment: The bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans, in which this enzyme was originally discovered, has a different enzyme that catalyzes a similar reaction with the (S)-isomer (cf. EC 1.5.3.5).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3622516
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4628374
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5849820
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9878353
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16095622
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(R)-6-hydroxynicotine + H2O + O2 = 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-pipecolate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: L-pipecolate + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate.
comment: The product reacts with water to form (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6051341
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6809728
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

L-pipecolate + O2 = H(+) + H2O2 + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: tetrahydroberberine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.21.3.3
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

dimethylglycine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N,N-dimethylglycine + O2 = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H2O2 + sarcosine.
activity: H2O + N,N-dimethylglycine + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + sarcosine.
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD).
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Arthrobacter globiformis, contains two active sites connected by a large 'reaction chamber'.
comment: An imine intermediate is transferred between the sites, eliminating the production of toxic formaldehyde.
comment: In the absence of folate the enzyme does form formaldehyde.
comment: Does not oxidize sarcosine. cf. EC 1.5.8.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11422368
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11926836
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12912903
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16964976
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19369258
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21188587
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + N,N-dimethylglycine + O2 = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + H2O2 + sarcosine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N,N-dimethylglycine + O2 = formaldehyde + H2O2 + sarcosine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase
replaced by: polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
replaced by: N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
replaced by: spermine oxidase
replaced by: non-specific polyamine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: dihydrosanguinarine + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + sanguinarine.
activity: dihydrochelirubine + H(+) + O2 = chelirubine + H2O2.
activity: dihydromacarpine + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + macarpine.
comment: Found in higher plants.
comment: Produces oxidized forms of the benzophenanthridine alkaloids.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1444440
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

dihydrosanguinarine + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + sanguinarine.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydrochelirubine + H(+) + O2 = chelirubine + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydromacarpine + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + macarpine.
type: Catalytic Activity

N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.11
replaces: 1.5.3.n3
replaces: 1.5.3.n4
replaces: 1.5.3.n10
alternative label: PAO
alternative label: polyamine oxidase
activity: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
activity: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
activity: H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.
activity: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
activity: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
comment: The enzyme also catalyzes the reaction: N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 + H2O = N(1)-acetylspermidine + 3-acetamamidopropanal + H2O2.
comment: No or very weak activity with spermine, or spermidine in absence of aldehydes.
comment: In presence of aldehydes the enzyme catalyzes the reactions: 1.
comment: spermine + O2 + H2O = spermidine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2, and with weak efficiency 2.
comment: spermidine + O2 + H2O = putrescine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2.
comment: Found in mammalian peroxisomes and oxidizes N(1)-acetylated polyamines at the exo (three-carbon) side of the secondary amine, forming 3-acetamamidopropanal.
comment: Since the products of the reactions are deacetylated polyamines, this process is known as polyamine back-conversion.
comment: Differs in specificity from EC 1.5.3.14, EC 1.5.3.15, EC 1.5.3.16 and EC 1.5.3.17.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12477380
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12660232
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15611107
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15791459
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + N(1)-acetylspermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.11
replaces: 1.5.3.n6
replaces: 1.5.3.n7
replaces: 1.5.3.n8
replaces: 1.5.3.n9
alternative label: maize PAO
alternative label: MPAO
activity: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
activity: H2O + O2 + spermine = H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine.
activity: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = H2O2 + N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine.
comment: As the products of the reaction cannot be converted directly to other polyamines, this class of polyamine oxidases is considered to be involved in the terminal catabolism of polyamines.
comment: Catalyzes less efficiently the oxidation of N(1)-acetylspermine and spermine.
comment: Differs in specificity from EC 1.5.3.13, EC 1.5.3.15, EC 1.5.3.16 and EC 1.5.3.17.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9598979
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + spermidine = 4-aminobutanal + H2O2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + O2 + spermine = H2O2 + N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = H2O2 + N-(3-acetamidopropyl)-4-aminobutanal + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.11
replaces: 1.5.3.n6
replaces: 1.5.3.n7
replaces: 1.5.3.n8
replaces: 1.5.3.n9
activity: H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
comment: Also active with N(1)-acetylspermine, weak activity with N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine.
comment: No activity with diaminopropane, putrescine, cadaverine, diaminohexane, norspermidine, spermine and spermidine.
comment: Absence of monoamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.4) activity.
comment: Differs in specificity from EC 1.5.3.13, EC 1.5.3.14, EC 1.5.3.16 and EC 1.5.3.17.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1565141
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

spermine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.11
replaces: 1.5.3.n1
replaces: 1.5.3.n2
replaces: 1.5.3.n3
replaces: 1.5.3.n5
alternative label: SMO
activity: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
activity: H2O + norspermine + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + norspermidine.
comment: The enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtPAO1) oxidizes norspermine to norspermidine with high efficiency.
comment: The mammalian enzyme, encoded by the SMOX gene, is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of spermine at the exo (three-carbon) side of the tertiary amine.
comment: No activity with spermidine.
comment: Weak activity with N(1)-acetylspermine.
comment: Differs in specificity from EC 1.5.3.13, EC 1.5.3.14, EC 1.5.3.15 and EC 1.5.3.17.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12458219
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12727196
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16778015
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18422650
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + norspermine + O2 = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + norspermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

non-specific polyamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.3.11
alternative label: polyamine oxidase
activity: H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
activity: H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
activity: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
activity: H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
activity: H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
comment: The non-specific polyamine oxidases may differ from each other considerably.
comment: The enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows a rather broad specificity and also oxidizes N(8)-acetylspermidine.
comment: The enzyme from Ascaris suum shows high activity with spermine and spermidine, but also oxidizes norspermine.
comment: The enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana shows high activity with spermidine, but also oxidizes other polyamines.
comment: The specific polyamine oxidases are classified as EC 1.5.3.13, EC 1.5.3.14, EC 1.5.3.15 and EC 1.5.3.16.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1567380
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12670477
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18583528
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + spermine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + O2 + spermidine = 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N(1)-acetylspermine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + spermidine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N(1)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 + putrescine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + N(8)-acetylspermidine + O2 = 4-acetamidobutanal + H2O2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

L-saccharopine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: FAP2
activity: H2O + L-saccharopine + O2 = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + L-glutamate.
comment: The enzyme is involved in pipecolic acid biosynthesis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2394693
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16233628
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + L-saccharopine + O2 = (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate + H2O2 + L-glutamate.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (formaldehyde-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-(methylamino)butanoate + H2O + O2 = 4-aminobutanoate + formaldehyde + H2O2.
comment: In the enzyme from the soil bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans the cofactor is covalently bound.
comment: Participates in the nicotine degradation pathway of this organism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15606755
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

4-(methylamino)butanoate + H2O + O2 = 4-aminobutanoate + formaldehyde + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

N-alkylglycine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: N-carboxymethylalkylamine:oxygen oxidoreductase (decarboxymethylating)
activity: an N-alkylglycine + H2O + O2 = an alkylamine + glyoxylate + H2O2.
comment: Isolated from the mold Cladosporium sp. G-10.
comment: Acts on N(6)-(carboxymethyl)lysine, 6-[(carboxymethy)amino]hexanoic acid, sarcosine and N-ethylglycine.
comment: It has negligible action on glycine (cf. EC 1.4.3.19).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9989229
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an N-alkylglycine + H2O + O2 = an alkylamine + glyoxylate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (methylamine-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: 4-(methylamino)butanoate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + methylamine + succinate semialdehyde.
comment: The enzyme participates in the nicotine degradation pathway of the soil bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans.
comment: Has a very weak EC 1.4.3.4 activity with 4-aminobutanoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15606755
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16689938
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

4-(methylamino)butanoate + H2O + O2 = H2O2 + methylamine + succinate semialdehyde.
type: Catalytic Activity

coenzyme F420H2 oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: O2 + 2 reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 2 H(+) + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: The enzyme from the archaeon Methanothermobacter marburgensis is Si-face specific with respect to C5 of coenzyme F420.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15340796
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16218963
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17480207
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

O2 + 2 reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 2 H(+) + 2 H2O + 2 oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

glyphosate oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 glyphosate + O2 = 2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate + 2 H(+).
comment: Characterized from the bacterium Ochrobactrum sp. G-1.
comment: The catalytic cycle starts with a reduction of the FAD cofactor by one molecule of glyphosate, yielding reduced FAD and a Schiff base of aminomethylphosphonate with glyoxylate that is hydrolyzed to the single components.
comment: The reduced FAD is reoxidized by oxygen, generating water and an oxygenated flavin intermediate, which catalyzes the oxygenation of a second molecule of glyphosate, forming the second pair of aminomethylphosphonate and glyoxylate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21789492
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 glyphosate + O2 = 2 aminomethylphosphonate + 2 glyoxylate + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

sarcosine oxidase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + O2 + sarcosine = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O2.
comment: The enzyme, found in some bacterial species, is composed of four different subunits and two active sites connected by a large 'reaction chamber'.
comment: An imine intermediate is transferred between the sites, eliminating the production of toxic formaldehyde.
comment: The enzyme contains three cofactors: non-covalently bound FAD and NAD(+), and FMN that is covalently bound to a histidine residue.
comment: In the absence of folate the enzyme catalyzes the reaction of EC 1.5.3.1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6158947
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7240129
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7692961
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9485355
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11330998
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

(6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + O2 + sarcosine = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + glycine + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

1.5.3.n1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: spermine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: spermine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase
replaced by: spermine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: spermine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
replaced by: N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
replaced by: N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
replaced by: N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: polyamine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
replaced by: N(8)-acetylspermidine oxidase (propane-1,3-diamine-forming)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1.5.3.n10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: N(1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: pyrimidodiazepine synthase

pyrimidodiazepine synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2-amino-6-acetyl-3,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-4-one + glutathione disulfide + H2O = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.
comment: In the reverse direction of reaction, the reduction of 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin is accompanied by the opening of the 6-membered pyrazine ring and the formation of the 7-membered diazepine ring.
comment: The pyrimidodiazepine involved is an acetyldihydro derivative.
comment: Involved in the formation of the eye pigment drosopterin in Drosophila melanogaster.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6438092
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16712527
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

2-amino-6-acetyl-3,7,8,9-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-4-one + glutathione disulfide + H2O = 6-pyruvoyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin + 2 glutathione.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: proline dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: hydroxyproline dehydrogenase

electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: electron transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
alternative label: ETF dehydrogenase
alternative label: ETF-QO
alternative label: ETF-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
activity: a ubiquinone + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a ubiquinol + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: Forms part of the mitochondrial electron-transfer system.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/925004
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4052375
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a ubiquinone + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = a ubiquinol + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

proline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.8
activity: a quinone + L-proline = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+).
activity: a ubiquinone + L-proline = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a ubiquinol + H(+).
comment: The electrons from L-proline are transferred to the FAD cofactor, and from there to a quinone acceptor.
comment: In many organisms, ranging from bacteria to mammals, proline is oxidized to glutamate in a two-step process involving this enzyme and EC 1.2.1.88.
comment: Both activities are carried out by the same enzyme in enterobacteria.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/355248
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1618807
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22040654
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + L-proline = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

a ubiquinone + L-proline = (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + a ubiquinol + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxyproline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: hydroxyproline oxidase
alternative label: HYPDH
activity: a quinone + trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+).
comment: The enzyme from human also has low activity with L-proline (Cf. EC 1.5.5.2).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18287100
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25697095
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline = (3R,5S)-1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate + a quinol + H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin)
narrower transitive: coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
narrower transitive: N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)

methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
activity: (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The enzyme from Clostridium formicoaceticum catalyzes the reduction of methylene blue, menadione, benzyl viologen, rubredoxin or FAD with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin or FADH2 with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate.
comment: However, unlike EC 1.5.1.20, EC 1.5.1.53, or EC 1.5.1.24, there is no activity with either NADH or NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6381490
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

(6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + 2 H(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

coenzyme F420 oxidoreductase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 3 H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21306561
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 3 H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

N,N-dimethylglycine/sarcosine dehydrogenase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = formaldehyde + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + sarcosine.
activity: H2O + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: This bacterial enzyme is involved in degradation of glycine betaine.
comment: The enzyme contains non-covalently bound FAD and NAD(P) cofactors, and catalyzes the demethylation of both N,N-dimethylglycine and sarcosine, releasing formaldehyde and forming glycine as the final product.
comment: The enzyme can utilize both NAD(+) and NADP(+), but the catalytic efficiency with NAD(+) is ~5-fold higher.
comment: The native electron acceptor of the enzyme is a membrane-bound clostridial-type ferredoxin, which transfers the electrons to an electron-transfer flavoprotein (ETF).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17951379
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/32631860
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

H2O + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] = formaldehyde + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + sarcosine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + oxidized 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin] + sarcosine = formaldehyde + glycine + 2 H(+) + reduced 2[4Fe-4S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With a flavin as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: dimethylamine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: trimethylamine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: sarcosine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: dimethylglycine dehydrogenase

dimethylamine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.10
alternative label: DMADh
activity: dimethylamine + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = formaldehyde + methylamine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7556160
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

dimethylamine + H(+) + H2O + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = formaldehyde + methylamine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

trimethylamine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.7
alternative label: TMADh
activity: H(+) + H2O + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + trimethylamine = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
comment: A number of alkyl-substituted derivatives of trimethylamine can also act as electron donors.
comment: Phenazine methosulfate and 2,6-dichloroindophenol can act as electron acceptors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/204297
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7592591
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11192721
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11756429
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

H(+) + H2O + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + trimethylamine = dimethylamine + formaldehyde + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].
type: Catalytic Activity

sarcosine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.1
activity: SIP8A2A5C37D03A0A39
comment: A flavoprotein (FMN) found in eukaryotes.
comment: In the absence of tetrahydrofolate the enzyme produces formaldehyde. cf. EC 1.5.3.1 and EC 1.5.3.24.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6163778
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6180732
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13716069
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13895406
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

SIP8A2A5C37D03A0A39
type: Catalytic Activity
label: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + H(+) + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + sarcosine = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + glycine + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein].

dimethylglycine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.2
alternative label: Me2GlyDH
activity: SIPB8A70981CBE5D1D4
comment: An imine intermediate is channeled from the FAD binding site to the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate binding site through a 40 A tunnel.
comment: In the absence of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate the enzyme forms formaldehyde.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2417560
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6163777
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6163778
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13716069
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13895406
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15358367
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18423846
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24858690
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27486859
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

SIPB8A70981CBE5D1D4
type: Catalytic Activity
label: (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + H(+) + N,N-dimethylglycine + oxidized [electron-transfer flavoprotein] = (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolyl-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) + reduced [electron-transfer flavoprotein] + sarcosine.

With other, known, acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
narrower transitive: coenzyme F420:methanophenazine dehydrogenase

methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.9
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
alternative label: N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
activity: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + 2 H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: Coenzyme F420 is a 7,8-didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin derivative; methanopterin is a pterin analog.
comment: The enzyme is involved in the formation of methane from CO2 in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1911853
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4084309
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + 2 H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 5,10-methenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.11
alternative label: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase
alternative label: coenzyme F420-dependent N(5),N(10)-methenyltetrahydromethanopterin reductase
alternative label: methylene-H4MPT reductase
alternative label: N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin:coenzyme-F420 oxidoreductase
alternative label: N(5),N(10)-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
activity: 5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: Catalyzes an intermediate step in methanogenesis from CO2 and H2 in archaea.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1696553
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1911853
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2298699
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2298726
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2379499
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

coenzyme F420:methanophenazine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: F420H2 dehydrogenase
activity: methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = dihydromethanophenazine + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
comment: The enzyme, found in some methanogenic archaea, is responsible for the reoxidation of coenzyme F420, which is reduced during methanogenesis, and for the reduction of methanophenazine to dihydromethanophenazine, which is required by EC 1.8.98.1.
comment: The enzyme is membrane-bound, and is coupled to proton translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane, generating a proton motive force that is used for ATP generation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9914308
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10751389
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15168610
subclass of: With other, known, acceptors
broader transitive: With other, known, acceptors

methanophenazine + reduced coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n) = dihydromethanophenazine + H(+) + oxidized coenzyme F420-(gamma-L-Glu)(n).
type: Catalytic Activity

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on the CH-NH group of donors
narrower transitive: L-pipecolate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: nicotine hydroxylase
narrower transitive: methylglutamate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: spermidine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: cytokinin dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: D-proline dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: dihydromethanopterin reductase (acceptor)

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: sarcosine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: dimethylglycine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

L-pipecolate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + L-pipecolate = AH2 + H(+) + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate.
comment: The product reacts with water to form (S)-2-amino-6-oxohexanoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6051341
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + L-pipecolate = AH2 + H(+) + L-1-piperideine-6-carboxylate.
type: Catalytic Activity

nicotine hydroxylase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-nicotine oxidase
alternative label: L-nicotine oxidase
alternative label: nicotine dehydrogenase
activity: (S)-nicotine + A + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + AH2.
activity: (R)-nicotine + A + H2O = (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + AH2.
comment: A metalloprotein (FMN).
comment: The enzyme can act on both the naturally found (S)-enantiomer and the synthetic (R)-enantiomer of nicotine, with retention of configuration in both cases.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4962139
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5849820
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13475371
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13610912
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

(S)-nicotine + A + H2O = (S)-6-hydroxynicotine + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-nicotine + A + H2O = (R)-6-hydroxynicotine + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

methylglutamate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + H2O + N-methyl-L-glutamate = AH2 + formaldehyde + L-glutamate.
comment: A number of N-methyl-substituted amino acids can act as donors.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol is the best acceptor.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5028076
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + N-methyl-L-glutamate = AH2 + formaldehyde + L-glutamate.
type: Catalytic Activity

spermidine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: A + H2O + spermidine = 4-aminobutanal + AH2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
comment: Ferricyanide, 2,6-dichloroindophenol and cytochrome c can act as acceptor.
comment: 4-aminobutanal condenses non-enzymically to 1-pyrroline.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + spermidine = 4-aminobutanal + AH2 + propane-1,3-diamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: trimethylamine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: proline dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylenetetrahydromethanopterin dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: dimethylamine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.5.99.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 5,10-methylenetetrahydromethanopterin reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

cytokinin dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cytokinin oxidase
activity: A + H2O + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine = 3-methyl-2-butenal + adenine + AH2.
comment: Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)-substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is a prenyl group.
comment: Although this activity was previously thought to be catalyzed by a hydrogen-peroxide-forming oxidase, this enzyme does not require oxygen for activity and does not form hydrogen peroxide.
comment: 2,6-dichloroindophenol, methylene blue, nitroblue tetrazolium, phenazine methosulfate and copper(II) in the presence of imidazole can act as acceptors.
comment: This enzyme plays a part in regulating rice-grain production, with lower levels of the enzyme resulting in enhanced grain production.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11168382
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + N(6)-dimethylallyladenine = 3-methyl-2-butenal + adenine + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

D-proline dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: D-Pro dehydrogenase
alternative label: D-Pro DH
activity: A + D-proline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + AH2.
comment: The enzyme prefers D-proline and acts on other D-amino acid with lower efficiency.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11823469
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18558115
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + D-proline = 1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + A + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + AH2.
comment: Contains a cytidylyl molybdenum cofactor.
comment: The enzyme, which participates in the nicotine degradation pathway, has been characterized from the soil bacterium Arthrobacter nicotinovorans.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7815950
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16820521
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

6-hydroxypseudooxynicotine + A + H2O = 2,6-dihydroxypseudooxynicotine + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

dihydromethanopterin reductase (acceptor)
type: Enzyme
activity: 5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + A = 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + AH2.
comment: This archaeal enzyme catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydromethanopterin, a coenzyme used in methanogenesis.
comment: The enzyme is characterized from the archaea Methanosarcina mazei and Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. cf. EC 1.5.1.47.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23995635
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

5,6,7,8-tetrahydromethanopterin + A = 7,8-dihydromethanopterin + AH2.
type: Catalytic Activity

Acting on NADH or NADPH
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a flavin as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH
narrower transitive: NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (Si-specific)
narrower transitive: NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (Re/Si-specific)
narrower transitive: NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (ferredoxin)

NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (Si-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (B-specific)
alternative label: nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
alternative label: pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + NADPH = NADH + NADP(+).
comment: Si-specific with respect to both NAD(+) and NADP(+).
comment: Also acts with deamino coenzymes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13412660
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/85178338
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + NADPH = NADH + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (Re/Si-specific)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (AB-specific)
alternative label: pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
alternative label: transhydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + NADPH = NADH + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme from heart mitochondria is Re-specific with respect to NAD(+) and Si-specific with respect to NADP(+) (cf. EC 1.6.1.1.).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3157549
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + NADPH = NADH + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAD(+) transhydrogenase
alternative label: NADH-NADP(+)-transhydrogenase
alternative label: NADH transhydrogenase
alternative label: NADPH-NAD(+) oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH-NAD(+) transhydrogenase
alternative label: nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase
alternative label: pyridine nucleotide transferase
alternative label: pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase
activity: NAD(+) + NADPH = NADH + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the NADPH-driven reduction of NAD(+).
comment: This entry stands for enzymes whose stereo-specificity with respect to NADPH is not known (cf. EC 1.6.1.1 and EC 1.6.1.2).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13752224
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NAD(+) + NADPH = NADH + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase (ferredoxin)
type: Enzyme
activity: H(+) + NADH + 2 NADP(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = NAD(+) + 2 NADPH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
comment: The iron-sulfur flavoprotein complex, isolated from the bacterium Clostridium kluyveri, couples the exergonic reduction of NADP(+) with reduced ferredoxin and the endergonic reduction of NADP(+) with NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20675474
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26139605
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28394885
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H(+) + NADH + 2 NADP(+) + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = NAD(+) + 2 NADPH + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.1.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/7.1.1.1
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

With a heme protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH
narrower transitive: cytochrome-b5 reductase
narrower transitive: NADPH--hemoprotein reductase
narrower transitive: NADPH--cytochrome-c2 reductase
narrower transitive: leghemoglobin reductase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.2.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.3
subclass of: With a heme protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor

cytochrome-b5 reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + NADH = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + H(+) + NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13475360
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13563476
subclass of: With a heme protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + NADH = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + H(+) + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.2.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With a heme protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor

NADPH--hemoprotein reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: aldehyde reductase (NADPH-dependent)
alternative label: CPR
alternative label: cytochrome c reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, NADPH, NADPH-dependent)
alternative label: cytochrome P450 reductase
alternative label: dihydroxynicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: FAD-cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: ferrihemoprotein P-450 reductase
alternative label: NADP--cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: NADP--cytochrome reductase
alternative label: NADPH:ferrihemoprotein oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH:P450 reductase
alternative label: NADPH--cytochrome c oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH--cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: NADPH--cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase
alternative label: NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: NADPH--ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH--ferrihemoprotein reductase
alternative label: reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: reductase, cytochrome c (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
alternative label: TPNH2 cytochrome c reductase
alternative label: TPNH-cytochrome c reductase
activity: NADPH + 2 oxidized [cytochrome P450] = H(+) + NADP(+) + 2 reduced [cytochrome P450].
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + NADPH = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + H(+) + NADP(+).
comment: This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of electrons from NADPH, an obligatory two-electron donor, to microsomal P450 monooxygenases (e.g. EC 1.14.14.1) by stabilizing the one-electron reduced form of the flavin cofactors FAD and FMN.
comment: It also reduces cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c.
comment: The number n in the equation is 1 if the hemoprotein undergoes a 2-electron reduction, and is 2 if it undergoes a 1-electron reduction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4378860
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4389465
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8589067
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9237990
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11329262
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12773143
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14007123
subclass of: With a heme protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor

NADPH + 2 oxidized [cytochrome P450] = H(+) + NADP(+) + 2 reduced [cytochrome P450].
type: Catalytic Activity

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + NADPH = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + H(+) + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NADPH--cytochrome-c2 reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c2] + NADPH = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c2] + H(+) + NADP(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4385431
subclass of: With a heme protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c2] + NADPH = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c2] + H(+) + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

leghemoglobin reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[leghemoglobin] + NADPH = 2 Fe(II)-[leghemoglobin] + H(+) + NADP(+).
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[leghemoglobin] + NADH = 2 Fe(II)-[leghemoglobin] + H(+) + NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6539095
subclass of: With a heme protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a heme protein as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[leghemoglobin] + NADPH = 2 Fe(II)-[leghemoglobin] + H(+) + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2 Fe(III)-[leghemoglobin] + NADH = 2 Fe(II)-[leghemoglobin] + H(+) + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH
narrower transitive: NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)
narrower transitive: NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O-forming)
narrower transitive: NADH oxidase (H2O2-forming)
narrower transitive: NADH oxidase (H2O-forming)
narrower transitive: renalase

NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: dual oxidase
alternative label: NAD(P)H oxidase
alternative label: ThOX
alternative label: THOX2
alternative label: thyroid NADPH oxidase
alternative label: thyroid oxidase
alternative label: thyroid oxidase 2
activity: H(+) + NADPH + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+).
activity: H(+) + NADH + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
comment: When calcium is present, this transmembrane glycoprotein generates H2O2 by transfering electrons from intracellular NAD(P)H to extracellular molecular oxygen.
comment: The electron bridge within the enzyme contains one molecule of FAD and probably two heme groups.
comment: This flavoprotein is expressed at the apical membrane of thyrocytes, and provides H2O2 for the thyroid peroxidase-catalyzed biosynthesis of thyroid hormones.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1995628
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10401672
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10601291
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10806195
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11822874
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12110737
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H(+) + NADPH + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

H(+) + NADH + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O-forming)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 NADP(+).
activity: 2 H(+) + 2 NADH + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 NAD(+).
comment: NADPH is a better substrate than NADH.
comment: By removal of oxygen the enzyme is involved in aerobic tolerance in the thermophilic anaerobic archaeon Thermococcus profundus and in Giardia intestinalis, a microaerophilic single-celled parasite of the order Diplomonadida.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8898901
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16359329
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18959761
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20213313
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2 H(+) + 2 NADH + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NADH oxidase (H2O2-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: H2O2-forming NADH oxidase
activity: H(+) + NADH + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
comment: The bacterium Streptococcus mutans contains two distinct NADH oxidases, a H2O2-forming enzyme and a H2O-forming enzyme (cf. EC 1.6.3.4).
comment: The enzymes from the anaerobic archaea Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Pyrococcus furiosus also produce low amounts of H2O.
comment: Unlike EC 1.6.3.1 it has no activity toward NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8254304
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11722568
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12823559
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17293421
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18521590
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19118348
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H(+) + NADH + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NADH oxidase (H2O-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: H2O-forming NADH oxidase
activity: 2 H(+) + 2 NADH + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 NAD(+).
comment: The bacterium Streptococcus mutans contains two distinct NADH oxidases, a H2O-forming enzyme and a H2O2-forming enzyme (cf. EC 1.6.3.3).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3082630
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8254304
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8824824
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15014929
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22418266
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 H(+) + 2 NADH + O2 = 2 H2O + 2 NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

renalase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: alpha-NAD(P)H oxidase/anomerase
activity: 1,2-dihydro-beta-NAD + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
activity: 1,2-dihydro-beta-NADP + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+).
activity: 1,6-dihydro-beta-NAD + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
activity: 1,6-dihydro-beta-NADP + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+).
comment: Renalase, previously thought to be a hormone, is a flavoprotein secreted into the blood by the kidney that oxidizes the 1,2-dihydro- and 1,6-dihydro- isomeric forms of beta-NAD(P)H back to beta-NAD(P)(+).
comment: These isomeric forms, generated by non-specific reduction of beta-NAD(P)(+) or by tautomerization of beta-NAD(P)H, are potent inhibitors of primary metabolism dehydrogenases and pose a threat to normal respiration.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15841207
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25531177
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

1,2-dihydro-beta-NAD + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

1,2-dihydro-beta-NADP + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

1,6-dihydro-beta-NAD + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

1,6-dihydro-beta-NADP + H(+) + O2 = H2O2 + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: cystine reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: glutathione-disulfide reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: protein-disulfide reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: thioredoxin-disulfide reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: CoA-glutathione reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: asparagusate reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: trypanothione-disulfide reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: CoA-disulfide reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH
narrower transitive: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: NADPH:quinone reductase
narrower transitive: p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase
narrower transitive: NADH:ubiquinone reductase (non-electrogenic)
narrower transitive: NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)
narrower transitive: demethylphylloquinone reductase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.5.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.2
alternative label: azoreductase
alternative label: dehydrogenase, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate, quinone)
alternative label: diaphorase
alternative label: DT-diaphorase
alternative label: flavoprotein NAD(P)H-quinone reductase
alternative label: menadione oxidoreductase
alternative label: menadione reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H:(quinone-acceptor)oxidoreductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H: menadione oxidoreductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H2 dehydrogenase (quinone)
alternative label: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD(P)H menadione reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H-quinone dehydrogenase
alternative label: NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-menadione reductase
alternative label: naphthoquinone reductase
alternative label: p-benzoquinone reductase
alternative label: phylloquinone reductase
alternative label: quinone reductase
alternative label: reduced NAD(P)H dehydrogenase
alternative label: reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) dehydrogenase
alternative label: viologen accepting pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductase
alternative label: vitamin K reductase
alternative label: vitamin-K reductase
activity: a quinone + H(+) + NADH = a quinol + NAD(+).
activity: a quinone + H(+) + NADPH = a quinol + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme catalyzes a two-electron reduction and has a preference for short-chain acceptor quinones, such as ubiquinone, benzoquinone, juglone and duroquinone.
comment: The animal, but not the plant, form of the enzyme is inhibited by dicoumarol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4171422
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7568029
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9485311
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10683249
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12226388
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + H(+) + NADH = a quinol + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

a quinone + H(+) + NADPH = a quinol + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.5.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/7.1.1.2
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

monodehydroascorbate reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
activity: H(+) + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + NADH = 2 L-ascorbate + NAD(+).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4405497
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

H(+) + 2 monodehydro-L-ascorbate radical + NADH = 2 L-ascorbate + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NADPH:quinone reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: quinone oxidoreductase
alternative label: zeta-crystallin
activity: 2 a quinone + H(+) + NADPH = 2 a 1,4-benzosemiquinone + NADP(+).
comment: Specific for NADPH.
comment: Catalyzes the one-electron reduction of certain quinones, with the orthoquinones 1,2-naphthoquinone and 9,10-phenanthrenequinone being the best substrates.
comment: Dicoumarol (cf. EC 1.6.5.2) and nitrofurantoin are competitive inhibitors with respect to the quinone substrate.
comment: The semiquinone free-radical product may be non-enzymically reduced to the hydroquinone or oxidized back to quinone in the presence of O2.
comment: Abundant in the lens of the eye of some mammalian species.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1370456
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8930141
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11294877
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11697855
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

2 a quinone + H(+) + NADPH = 2 a 1,4-benzosemiquinone + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

p-benzoquinone reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
activity: 1,4-benzoquinone + H(+) + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP(+).
comment: Involved in the 4-nitrophenol degradation pathway in bacteria.
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

1,4-benzoquinone + H(+) + NADPH = hydroquinone + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: hydroxybenzoquinone reductase
activity: 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H(+) + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD(+).
comment: The enzyme differs in substrate speificity from other quinone reductases.
comment: The enzyme in Burkholderia cepacia is inducible by 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9721310
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone + 2 H(+) + NADH = benzene-1,2,4-triol + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.5.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/7.2.1.1
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

NADH:ubiquinone reductase (non-electrogenic)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.5.11
alternative label: coenzyme Q reductase
alternative label: electron transfer complex I
alternative label: NADH2 dehydrogenase (ubiquinone)
alternative label: NADH-coenzyme Q oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-coenzyme Q reductase
alternative label: NADH-CoQ oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-CoQ reductase
alternative label: NADH-Q6 oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-ubiquinone reductase
alternative label: ubiquinone reductase
activity: a quinone + H(+) + NADH = a quinol + NAD(+).
comment: A flavoprotein (FAD or FMN).
comment: Occurs in mitochondria of yeast and plants, and in aerobic bacteria.
comment: Has low activity with NADPH.
comment: Unlike EC 7.1.1.2, this enzyme does not pump proteons of sodium ions across the membrane.
comment: It is also not sensitive to rotenone.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3138118
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6800784
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10381390
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15590775
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15725055
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + H(+) + NADH = a quinol + NAD(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.6
activity: a quinone + H(+) + NADPH = a quinol + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli is specific for NADPH and is most active with quinone derivatives and ferricyanide as electron acceptors.
comment: Menaquinone can act as acceptor.
comment: The enzyme from hog liver is inhibited by dicoumarol and folic acid derivatives but not by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2118386
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4388793
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8611590
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinone + H(+) + NADPH = a quinol + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.5.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: NADH:ubiquinone reductase (non-electrogenic)
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.5
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

demethylphylloquinone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: demethylphylloquinone + H(+) + NADPH = demethylphylloquinol + NADP(+).
comment: The enzyme, found in plants and cyanobacteria, is involved in the biosynthesis of phylloquinone (vitamin K1), an electron carrier associated with photosystem I.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26023160
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

demethylphylloquinone + H(+) + NADPH = demethylphylloquinol + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrate reductase (NADH)
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrate reductase (NADPH)
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: hyponitrite reductase
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: azobenzene reductase
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: GMP reductase
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: hydroxylamine reductase (NADH)
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.12
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.13
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

With a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.7.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.18.1.2
subclass of: With a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.7.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.18.1.1
subclass of: With a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With a iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

With a flavin as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.8.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: FMN reductase (NADPH)
replaced by: FMN reductase [NAD(P)H]
replaced by: riboflavin reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.8.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: flavin reductase (NADPH)
subclass of: With a flavin as acceptor
broader transitive: With a flavin as acceptor

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on NADH or NADPH
broader transitive: Acting on NADH or NADPH
narrower transitive: NADPH dehydrogenase

NADPH dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NADPH diaphorase
activity: A + H(+) + NADPH = AH2 + NADP(+).
comment: FMN in yeasts; FAD in plants.
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H(+) + NADPH = AH2 + NADP(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.2.1
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.18.1.2
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.5.11
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.16.1.3
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.9
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.16.1.4
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.10
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 6,7-dihydropteridine reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.11
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.16.1.5
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.12
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.16.1.6
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.99.13
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.16.1.7
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

1.6.99.n1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin:NADPH oxidoreductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
narrower transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a copper protein as acceptor
narrower transitive: With other acceptors

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: nitrate reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: nitrate reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H]
narrower transitive: hyponitrite reductase
narrower transitive: azobenzene reductase
narrower transitive: GMP reductase
narrower transitive: nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase
narrower transitive: hydroxylamine reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase
narrower transitive: N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase
narrower transitive: preQ1 synthase
narrower transitive: nitric oxide reductase [NAD(P)(+), nitrous oxide-forming]
narrower transitive: nitrite reductase (NADH)
narrower transitive: nitrobenzene nitroreductase
narrower transitive: FMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase

nitrate reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.1
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.4
alternative label: assimilatory NADH:nitrate reductase
alternative label: assimilatory nitrate reductase
alternative label: NADH:nitrate oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-dependent nitrate reductase
alternative label: NADH-nitrate reductase
alternative label: nitrate reductase (NADH2)
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADH + nitrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8534676
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADH + nitrate.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.2
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.4
alternative label: assimilatory NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase
alternative label: assimilatory nitrate reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H bispecific nitrate reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase
alternative label: nitrate reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
alternative label: nitrate reductase NAD(P)H
activity: H2O + NADP(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADPH + nitrate.
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADH + nitrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5864033
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8534676
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11289301
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NADP(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADPH + nitrate.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + NAD(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADH + nitrate.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrate reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.3
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.4
alternative label: assimilatory NADPH-nitrate reductase
alternative label: assimilatory nitrate reductase
alternative label: assimilatory reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-nitrate reductase
alternative label: NADPH:nitrate oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH:nitrate reductase
alternative label: NADPH-nitrate reductase
alternative label: nitrate reductase (NADPH2)
alternative label: triphosphopyridine nucleotide-nitrate reductase
activity: H2O + NADP(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADPH + nitrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8534676
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NADP(+) + nitrite = H(+) + NADPH + nitrate.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H]
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.4
alternative label: assimilatory nitrite reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H:nitrite oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-nitrite oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH-nitrite reductase
alternative label: nitrite reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate))
activity: 2 H2O + 3 NAD(+) + NH4(+) = 5 H(+) + 3 NADH + nitrite.
activity: 2 H2O + 3 NADP(+) + NH4(+) = 5 H(+) + 3 NADPH + nitrite.
comment: The enzymes from the fungi Neurospora crassa, Emericella nidulans and Candida nitratophila can use either NADPH or NADH as electron donor. cf. EC 1.7.1.15.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/126995
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/150863
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4154942
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4382427
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6457037
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8096840
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8798648
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 H2O + 3 NAD(+) + NH4(+) = 5 H(+) + 3 NADH + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

2 H2O + 3 NADP(+) + NH4(+) = 5 H(+) + 3 NADPH + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

hyponitrite reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.6
alternative label: NADH:hyponitrite oxidoreductase
activity: 2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 hydroxylamine + 2 NAD(+) = 2 H(+) + hyponitrous acid + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

azobenzene reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.7
alternative label: azo-dye reductase
alternative label: azoreductase
alternative label: azo reductase
alternative label: dibromopropylaminophenylazobenzoic azoreductase
alternative label: dimethylaminobenzene reductase
alternative label: methyl red azoreductase
alternative label: N,N-dimethyl-4-phenylazoaniline azoreductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H:1-(4'-sulfophenylazo)-2-naphthol oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH:4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH-dependent azoreductase
alternative label: NC-reductase
alternative label: new coccine (NC)-reductase
alternative label: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) azoreductase
alternative label: orange I azoreductase
alternative label: orange II azoreductase
alternative label: p-aminoazobenzene reductase
alternative label: p-dimethylaminoazobenzene azoreductase
activity: aniline + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + 2 NADP(+) = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: The reaction occurs in the reverse direction to that shown above.
comment: Other azo dyes, such as Methyl Red, Rocceline, Solar Orange and Sumifix Black B can also be reduced.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11134015
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

aniline + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + 2 NADP(+) = 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

GMP reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.8
alternative label: guanosine 5'-monophosphate oxidoreductase
alternative label: guanosine 5'-monophosphate reductase
alternative label: guanosine 5'-phosphate reductase
alternative label: guanosine monophosphate reductase
alternative label: guanylate reductase
alternative label: NADPH:GMP oxidoreductase (deaminating)
alternative label: NADPH:guanosine-5'-phosphate oxidoreductase (deaminating)
activity: IMP + NADP(+) + NH4(+) = GMP + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4149840
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

IMP + NADP(+) + NH4(+) = GMP + 2 H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.1.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

nitroquinoline-N-oxide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.10
alternative label: 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide reductase
alternative label: 4NQO reductase
alternative label: NAD(P)H:4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide oxidoreductase
activity: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + H2O + 2 NADP(+) = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
activity: 4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1370076
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + H2O + 2 NADP(+) = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-(hydroxyamino)quinoline N-oxide + H2O + 2 NAD(+) = 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxylamine reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.11
alternative label: ammonium dehydrogenase
alternative label: hydroxylamine reductase
alternative label: NADH:hydroxylamine oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-hydroxylamine reductase
alternative label: N-hydroxy amine reductase
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + NH4(+) = 2 H(+) + hydroxylamine + NADH.
comment: Also acts on some hydroxamates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4298499
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4311180
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + NH4(+) = 2 H(+) + hydroxylamine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.12
alternative label: dimethylaminoazobenzene N-oxide reductase
alternative label: N,N-dimethyl-p-aminoazobenzene oxide reductase
alternative label: NADPH:4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH-dependent DMAB N-oxide reductase
activity: 4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + H(+) + NADPH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3152268
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene + H2O + NADP(+) = 4-(dimethylamino)phenylazoxybenzene + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.13
alternative label: N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene reductase
activity: 2-acetamidofluorene + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NADH.
activity: 2-acetamidofluorene + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NADPH.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on N-hydroxy-4-acetamidobiphenyl.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4074379
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5780838
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2-acetamidofluorene + H2O + NAD(+) = H(+) + N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-acetamidofluorene + H2O + NADP(+) = H(+) + N-hydroxy-2-acetamidofluorene + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

preQ1 synthase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine reductase
alternative label: preQ0 oxidoreductase
alternative label: preQ0 reductase
activity: 7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine + 2 NADP(+) = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
comment: The reaction occurs in the reverse direction.
comment: This enzyme catalyzes one of the early steps in the synthesis of queosine (Q-tRNA), and is followed by the action of EC 2.4.2.29.
comment: Queosine is found in the wobble position of tRNAGUN in eukaryotes and bacteria and is thought to be involved in translational modulation.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/353740
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/364423
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/388227
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1257053
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15767583
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16511203
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

7-aminomethyl-7-carbaguanine + 2 NADP(+) = 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine + 3 H(+) + 2 NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitric oxide reductase [NAD(P)(+), nitrous oxide-forming]
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cytochrome P450nor
alternative label: fungal nitric oxide reductase
alternative label: NOR
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + nitrous oxide = H(+) + NADH + 2 nitric oxide.
activity: H2O + NADP(+) + nitrous oxide = H(+) + NADPH + 2 nitric oxide.
comment: The enzyme from Fusarium oxysporum utilizes only NADH, but the isozyme from Trichosporon cutaneum utilizes both NADH and NADPH.
comment: The electron transfer from NAD(P)H to heme occurs directly, not requiring flavin or other redox cofactors.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2040619
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7829493
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12105197
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15313618
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + NAD(+) + nitrous oxide = H(+) + NADH + 2 nitric oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + NADP(+) + nitrous oxide = H(+) + NADPH + 2 nitric oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrite reductase (NADH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: assimilatory nitrite reductase
alternative label: NADH-nitrite oxidoreductase
alternative label: nitrite reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
activity: 2 H2O + 3 NAD(+) + NH4(+) = 5 H(+) + 3 NADH + nitrite.
comment: This prokaryotic enzyme is specific for NADH.
comment: In addition to catalyzing the 6-electron reduction of nitrite to ammonia, the enzyme from Escherichia coli can also catalyze the 2-electron reduction of hydroxylamine to ammonia. cf. EC 1.7.1.4.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1435259
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4147887
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6297458
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7030314
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 H2O + 3 NAD(+) + NH4(+) = 5 H(+) + 3 NADH + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrobenzene nitroreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + N-phenylhydroxylamine + 2 NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + nitrobenzene.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from Pseudomonas species, catalyzes two successive reductions of nitrobenzene, via a nitrosobenzene intermediate.
comment: It is also active on 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7601851
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16517619
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

H2O + N-phenylhydroxylamine + 2 NADP(+) = 2 H(+) + 2 NADPH + nitrobenzene.
type: Catalytic Activity

FMN-dependent NADH-azoreductase
type: Enzyme
activity: anthranilate + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + 2 NAD(+) = 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)diazenylbenzoate + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the reductive cleavage of an azo bond in aromatic azo compounds to form the corresponding amines.
comment: Does not accept NADPH. cf. EC 1.7.1.6.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11583992
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16511052
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18337254
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23795903
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

anthranilate + N,N-dimethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine + 2 NAD(+) = 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)diazenylbenzoate + 2 H(+) + 2 NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a cytochrome as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
narrower transitive: nitrite reductase (cytochrome; ammonia-forming)
narrower transitive: trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase
narrower transitive: nitrous-oxide reductase
narrower transitive: nitric-oxide reductase (cytochrome c)
narrower transitive: hydroxylamine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: hydrazine synthase
narrower transitive: hydrazine dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: hydroxylamine oxidase

nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.6.5
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.3
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.9.3.2
alternative label: cd-cytochrome nitrite reductase
alternative label: cytochrome c-551:O2, NO2(+) oxidoreductase
alternative label: cytochrome cd
alternative label: cytochrome cd1
alternative label: hydroxylamine (acceptor) reductase
alternative label: methyl viologen-nitrite reductase
alternative label: nitrite reductase
alternative label: nitrite reductase (cytochrome; NO-forming)
alternative label: nitrite reductase (cytochrome)
alternative label: Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase
activity: Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + nitric oxide = Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + nitrite.
comment: The reaction is catalyzed by two types of enzymes, found in the perimplasm of denitrifying bacteria.
comment: One type comprises proteins containing multiple copper centers, the other a heme protein, cytochrome cd1.
comment: Acceptors include c-type cytochromes such as cytochrome c-550 or cytochrome c-551 from Paracoccus denitrificans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and small blue copper proteins such as azurin and pseudoazurin.
comment: Cytochrome cd1 also has oxidase and hydroxylamine reductase activities.
comment: May also catalyze the reaction of EC 1.7.99.1 since this is a well-known activity of cytochrome cd1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1862344
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5354021
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7583671
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8639023
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9308169
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9409151
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9667932
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + nitric oxide = Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrite reductase (cytochrome; ammonia-forming)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: cytochrome c552
alternative label: cytochrome c nitrite reductase
alternative label: multiheme nitrite reductase
activity: 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H2O + NH4(+) = 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 8 H(+) + nitrite.
comment: The enzyme also reduces nitric oxide and hydroxylamine to ammonia, and sulfite to sulfide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10440380
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H2O + NH4(+) = 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 8 H(+) + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: TMAO reductase
alternative label: TOR
alternative label: trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase (cytochrome c)
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + trimethylamine = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 3 H(+) + trimethylamine N-oxide.
activity: H2O + NAD(+) + trimethylamine = 2 H(+) + NADH + trimethylamine N-oxide.
comment: Contains bis(molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide)molybdenum cofactor.
comment: The reductant is a membrane-bound multiheme cytochrome c.
comment: Also reduces dimethyl sulfoxide to dimethyl sulfide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1337081
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9165084
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9813128
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11056172
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18163615
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/29375513
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + trimethylamine = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 3 H(+) + trimethylamine N-oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + NAD(+) + trimethylamine = 2 H(+) + NADH + trimethylamine N-oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitrous-oxide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.6
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + N2 = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + nitrous oxide.
comment: The reaction is observed only in the direction of nitrous oxide reduction.
comment: Contains the mixed-valent dinuclear CuA species at the electron entry site of the enzyme, and the tetranuclear Cu-Z center in the active site.
comment: In Paracoccus pantotrophus, the electron donor is cytochrome c552.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3000778
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17027372
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20422435
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + N2 = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + nitrous oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitric-oxide reductase (cytochrome c)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.7
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + nitrous oxide = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + 2 nitric oxide.
comment: The enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains a dinuclear center comprising a non-heme iron center and heme b3, plus heme c, heme b and calcium; the acceptor is cytochrome c551.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2542222
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9521721
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9623801
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9748316
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15504726
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21109633
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + nitrous oxide = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + 2 nitric oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxylamine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.3.4
alternative label: hydroxylamine oxidase
alternative label: hydroxylamine oxidoreductase
activity: 4 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + hydroxylamine = 4 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 5 H(+) + nitrite.
comment: The enzymes from the nitrifying bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea and the methylotrophic bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus are hemoproteins with seven c-type hemes and one specialized P460-type heme per subunit.
comment: The enzyme converts hydroxylamine to nitrite via an enzyme-bound nitroxyl intermediate.
comment: While nitrite is the main product, the enzyme from Nitrosomonas europaea can also produce nitric oxide by catalyzing the activity of EC 1.7.2.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/497235
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5758552
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6289867
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7117545
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18650926
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

4 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + hydroxylamine = 4 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 5 H(+) + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydrazine synthase
type: Enzyme
activity: 3 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + hydrazine = 3 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + NH4(+) + nitric oxide.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from anaerobic ammonia oxidizers (anammox bacteria), is one of only a few enzymes that are known to form an N-N bond (other examples include EC 1.7.1.14 and EC 4.8.1.1).
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis is heterotrimeric and contains multiple c-type cytochromes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21964329
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26479033
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

3 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + hydrazine = 3 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + NH4(+) + nitric oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydrazine dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.8
activity: 4 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + hydrazine = 4 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 4 H(+) + N2.
comment: The enzyme, which is involved in the pathway of anaerobic ammonium oxidation in anammox bacteria, has been purified from the bacterium Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis.
comment: The electrons derived from hydrazine are eventually transferred to the quinone pool.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10820012
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11404106
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21964329
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23210799
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

4 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + hydrazine = 4 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 4 H(+) + N2.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxylamine oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: HOX
alternative label: HOX2
activity: 3 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + hydroxylamine = 3 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 3 H(+) + nitric oxide.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis, is very similar to EC 1.7.2.6.
comment: Both enzymes are homotrimeric enzymes in which each subunit contains seven c-type hemes and one specialized P460-type heme that is bound to a tyrosine residue in an adjacent subunit.
comment: However, this enzyme catalyzes only the 3 electron oxidation of hydroxylamine, forming nitric oxide, and is not capable of performing further oxidation to form nitrite.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24302732
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

3 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + hydroxylamine = 3 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 3 H(+) + nitric oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: nitroalkane oxidase
narrower transitive: acetylindoxyl oxidase
narrower transitive: factor independent urate hydroxylase
narrower transitive: 3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase
narrower transitive: hydroxylamine oxidase (cytochrome)

nitroalkane oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: NAO
alternative label: nitroethane oxidase
alternative label: nitroethane reductase
activity: a primary nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
activity: a secondary nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = a ketone + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
activity: H2O + nitroethane + O2 = acetaldehyde + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
comment: While nitroethane may be the physiological substrate, the enzyme also acts on several other nitroalkanes, including 1-nitropropane, 2-nitropropane, 1-nitrobutane, 1-nitropentane, 1-nitrohexane, nitrocyclohexane and some nitroalkanols.
comment: Differs from EC 1.13.12.16 in that the preferred substrates are neutral nitroalkanes rather than anionic nitronates.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/22538
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11867731
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14907722
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15581574
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15713081
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

a primary nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = an aldehyde + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

a secondary nitroalkane + H2O + O2 = a ketone + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + nitroethane + O2 = acetaldehyde + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

acetylindoxyl oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = H2O + N-acetylisatin.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13159343
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

N-acetylindoxyl + O2 = H2O + N-acetylisatin.
type: Catalytic Activity

factor independent urate hydroxylase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: urate oxidase
alternative label: uric acid oxidase
alternative label: uricase
alternative label: uricase II
activity: H2O + O2 + urate = 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O2.
comment: Was previously thought to be a copper protein, but it is now known that the enzymes from soybean (Glycine max), the mold Aspergillus flavus and Bacillus subtilis contains no copper nor any other transition-metal ion.
comment: The 5-hydroxyisourate formed decomposes spontaneously to form allantoin and CO2, although there is an enzyme-catalyzed pathway in which EC 3.5.2.17 catalyzes the first step.
comment: The enzyme is different from EC 1.14.13.113.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9360612
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9709003
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12680763
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13252004
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + urate = 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.3.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: hydroxylamine dehydrogenase
replaced by: hydroxylamine oxidase (cytochrome)
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

3-aci-nitropropanoate oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + O2 + propionate 3-nitronate = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
comment: The primary products of the enzymatic reaction are probably the nitropropanoate free radical and superoxide.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on 4-aci-nitrobutanoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3667582
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + propionate 3-nitronate = 3-oxopropanoate + H(+) + H2O2 + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydroxylamine oxidase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.3.4
alternative label: HAO
alternative label: hydroxylamine oxidase
alternative label: hydroxylamine oxidoreductase
activity: hydroxylamine + O2 = H(+) + H2O + nitrite.
comment: The enzyme from the heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans contains three to five non-heme, non-iron-sulfur iron atoms and interacts with cytochrome c556 and pseudoazurin.
comment: Under anaerobic conditions in vitro only nitrous oxide is formed.
comment: Presumably nitroxyl is released and combines with a second nitroxyl to give nitrous oxide and water.
comment: When oxygen is present, nitrite is formed.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8253206
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8920986
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9082922
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

hydroxylamine + O2 = H(+) + H2O + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: nitrate reductase (quinone)
narrower transitive: nitric oxide reductase (menaquinol)

nitrate reductase (quinone)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.4
alternative label: dissimilatory nitrate reductase
alternative label: nitrate reductase A
alternative label: nitrate reductase Z
alternative label: quinol/nitrate oxidoreductase
alternative label: quinol-nitrate oxidoreductase
activity: a quinol + nitrate = a quinone + H2O + nitrite.
comment: A membrane-bound enzyme which supports anaerobic respiration on nitrate under anaerobic conditions and in the presence of nitrate Escherichia coli expresses two forms NarA and NarZ, both being comprised of three subunits.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1321049
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4616697
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7747940
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12910261
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15615728
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17439244
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a quinol + nitrate = a quinone + H2O + nitrite.
type: Catalytic Activity

nitric oxide reductase (menaquinol)
type: Enzyme
activity: a menaquinol + 2 nitric oxide = a menaquinone + H2O + nitrous oxide.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10571051
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11327887
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15491156
subclass of: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor
broader transitive: With a quinone or similar compound as acceptor

a menaquinol + 2 nitric oxide = a menaquinone + H2O + nitrous oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: nitrite dismutase

nitrite dismutase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Nitrophorin 7
alternative label: Prolixin S
activity: 2 H(+) + 3 nitrite = H2O + nitrate + 2 nitric oxide.
comment: The enzyme is one of the nitrophorins from the salivary gland of the blood-feeding insect Rhodnius prolixus.
comment: Nitric oxide produced induces vasodilation after injection.
comment: Nitrophorins 2 and 4 can also catalyze this reaction.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19655755
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/20524697
subclass of: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor
broader transitive: With a nitrogenous group as acceptor

2 H(+) + 3 nitrite = H2O + nitrate + 2 nitric oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity

With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: ferredoxin--nitrite reductase
narrower transitive: ferredoxin--nitrate reductase

ferredoxin--nitrite reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 H2O + NH4(+) + 6 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 8 H(+) + nitrite + 6 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4381617
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4390523
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5954064
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

2 H2O + NH4(+) + 6 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 8 H(+) + nitrite + 6 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

ferredoxin--nitrate reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.4
alternative label: assimilatory nitrate reductase
activity: H2O + nitrite + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2 H(+) + nitrate + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
subclass of: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor
broader transitive: With an iron-sulfur protein as acceptor

H2O + nitrite + 2 oxidized [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin] = 2 H(+) + nitrate + 2 reduced [2Fe-2S]-[ferredoxin].
type: Catalytic Activity

With a copper protein as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors

With other acceptors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
broader transitive: Acting on other nitrogenous compounds as donors
narrower transitive: hydroxylamine reductase

hydroxylamine reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: hydroxylamine (acceptor) reductase
activity: A + H2O + NH4(+) = AH2 + H(+) + hydroxylamine.
comment: Reduced pyocyanine, methylene blue and flavins act as donors for the reduction of hydroxylamine.
comment: May be identical to EC 1.7.2.1.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11709555
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

A + H2O + NH4(+) = AH2 + H(+) + hydroxylamine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.2
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrite reductase (NO-forming)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.4
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrate reductase (NADH)
replaced by: nitrate reductase [NAD(P)H]
replaced by: nitrate reductase (NADPH)
replaced by: nitrate reductase (quinone)
replaced by: ferredoxin--nitrate reductase
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.9.6.1
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase [NAD(P)H]
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitrous-oxide reductase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.7
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: nitric-oxide reductase (cytochrome c)
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.7.99.8
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: hydrazine dehydrogenase
subclass of: With other acceptors
broader transitive: With other acceptors

Acting on a sulfur group of donors
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Oxidoreductases
broader transitive: Oxidoreductases
narrower transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor
narrower transitive: With oxygen as acceptor
narrower transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.5.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.6.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.7.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.98.-
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.99.-

With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
narrower transitive: assimilatory sulfite reductase (NADPH)
narrower transitive: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating)
narrower transitive: cystine reductase
narrower transitive: glutathione-disulfide reductase
narrower transitive: protein-disulfide reductase
narrower transitive: thioredoxin-disulfide reductase
narrower transitive: CoA-glutathione reductase
narrower transitive: asparagusate reductase
narrower transitive: trypanothione-disulfide reductase
narrower transitive: bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase
narrower transitive: CoA-disulfide reductase
narrower transitive: mycothione reductase
narrower transitive: glutathione amide reductase
narrower transitive: dimethylsulfone reductase
narrower transitive: NAD(P)H sulfur oxidoreductase (CoA-dependent)
narrower transitive: sulfide dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: 4,4'-dithiodibutanoate disulfide reductase
narrower transitive: dissimilatory dimethyldisulfide reductase

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.1.1
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

assimilatory sulfite reductase (NADPH)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: sulfite reductase (NADPH)
activity: 3 H2O + hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP(+) = 4 H(+) + 3 NADPH + sulfite.
comment: The enzyme, which catalyzes the six-electron reduction of sulfite to sulfide, is involved in sulfate assimilation in bacteria and yeast.
comment: Different from EC 1.8.99.5, which is involved in prokaryotic sulfur-based energy metabolism.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4144254
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4384979
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6281269
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6751400
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9153434
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9315848
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14401842
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3 H2O + hydrogen sulfide + 3 NADP(+) = 4 H(+) + 3 NADPH + sulfite.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.1.3
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.3
alternative label: dehydrolipoate dehydrogenase
alternative label: diaphorase
alternative label: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
alternative label: dihydrolipoic dehydrogenase
alternative label: dihydrothioctic dehydrogenase
alternative label: E3 component of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes
alternative label: glycine-cleavage system L-protein
alternative label: LDP-Glc
alternative label: LDP-Val
alternative label: lipoamide dehydrogenase (NADH)
alternative label: lipoamide oxidoreductase (NADH)
alternative label: lipoamide reductase
alternative label: lipoamide reductase (NADH)
alternative label: lipoate dehydrogenase
alternative label: lipoic acid dehydrogenase
alternative label: lipoyl dehydrogenase
alternative label: L-protein
activity: (R)-N(6)-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = (R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + H(+) + NADH.
activity: (R)-dihydrolipoamide + NAD(+) = (R)-lipoamide + H(+) + NADH.
comment: A component of the multienzyme 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes.
comment: In the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, it binds to the core of EC 2.3.1.12 and catalyzes oxidation of its dihydrolipoyl groups.
comment: It plays a similar role in the oxoglutarate and 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase complexes.
comment: Another substrate is the dihydrolipoyl group in the H-protein of the glycine-cleavage system, in which it acts, together with EC 1.4.4.2 and EC 2.1.2.10 to break down glycine.
comment: It can also use free dihydrolipoate, dihydrolipoamide or dihydrolipoyllysine as substrate.
comment: Was first shown to catalyze the oxidation of NADH by methylene blue; this activity was called diaphorase.
comment: The glycine cleavage system is composed of four components that only loosely associate: the P protein (EC 1.4.4.2), the T protein (EC 2.1.2.10), the L protein (EC 1.8.1.4) and the lipoyl-bearing H protein.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10966480
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13471525
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13767908
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15642479
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

(R)-N(6)-dihydrolipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + NAD(+) = (R)-N(6)-lipoyl-L-lysyl-[protein] + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

(R)-dihydrolipoamide + NAD(+) = (R)-lipoamide + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2-oxopropyl-CoM reductase (carboxylating)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 2-KPCC
alternative label: NADPH:2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate oxidoreductase/carboxylase
alternative label: NADPH:2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M oxidoreductase/carboxylase
activity: acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO2 + NADPH.
comment: Also acts on thioethers longer in chain length on the oxo side, e.g. 2-oxobutyl-CoM, but this portion must be attached to CoM (2-sulfanylethane-1-sulfonate); no CoM analogs will substitute.
comment: Forms component II of a four-component enzyme system (comprising EC 4.4.1.23 (component I), EC 1.8.1.5 (component II), EC 1.1.1.268 (component III) and EC 1.1.1.269 (component IV)) that is involved in epoxyalkane carboxylation in Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10411892
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10684609
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

acetoacetate + coenzyme M + NADP(+) = 2-oxopropyl-coenzyme M + CO2 + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

cystine reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.1
alternative label: cystine reductase (NADH)
alternative label: NADH:L-cystine oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADH-dependent cystine reductase
activity: 2 L-cysteine + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-cystine + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/211119
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5436160
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 L-cysteine + NAD(+) = H(+) + L-cystine + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutathione-disulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.2
alternative label: glutathione reductase
alternative label: glutathione reductase (NADPH)
alternative label: glutathione S-reductase
alternative label: GSH reductase
alternative label: GSSG reductase
alternative label: NADPH:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH-glutathione reductase
alternative label: NADPH-GSSG reductase
activity: 2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Activity is dependent on a redox-active disulfide in each of the active centers.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9277
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/330529
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1524433
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10969088
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 glutathione + NADP(+) = glutathione disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

protein-disulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.4
alternative label: disulfide reductase
alternative label: insulin-glutathione transhydrogenase
alternative label: protein disulfide reductase
activity: [protein]-dithiol + NAD(+) = [protein]-disulfide + H(+) + NADH.
activity: [protein]-dithiol + NADP(+) = [protein]-disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

[protein]-dithiol + NAD(+) = [protein]-disulfide + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

[protein]-dithiol + NADP(+) = [protein]-disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

thioredoxin-disulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.5
alternative label: NADPH:oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH--thioredoxin reductase
alternative label: NADP--thioredoxin reductase
alternative label: thioredoxin reductase (NADPH)
activity: [thioredoxin]-dithiol + NADP(+) = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: May be identical to EC 1.8.1.10.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4149839
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11012661
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

[thioredoxin]-dithiol + NADP(+) = [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

CoA-glutathione reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.6
alternative label: CoA-glutathione reductase (NADPH)
alternative label: coenzyme A disulfide-glutathione reductase
alternative label: coenzyme A glutathione disulfide reductase
alternative label: NADPH:CoA-glutathione oxidoreductase
alternative label: NADPH-dependent coenzyme A-SS-glutathione reductase
activity: CoA + glutathione + NADP(+) = CoA-glutathione + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The substrate is a mixed disulfide.
comment: May be identical to EC 1.8.1.9.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/334266
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4151341
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4390951
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

CoA + glutathione + NADP(+) = CoA-glutathione + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

asparagusate reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.7
alternative label: asparagusate dehydrogenase
alternative label: asparagusate reductase (NADH)
alternative label: asparagusic dehydrogenase
activity: 3-sulfanyl-2-(sulfanylmethyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = asparagusate + H(+) + NADH.
comment: Also acts on lipoate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/180003
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1125255
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

3-sulfanyl-2-(sulfanylmethyl)propanoate + NAD(+) = asparagusate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

trypanothione-disulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.8
alternative label: N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)spermidine reductase
alternative label: NADPH:trypanothione oxidoreductase
alternative label: trypanothione reductase
activity: NADP(+) + trypanothione = H(+) + NADPH + trypanothione disulfide.
comment: Trypanothione disulfide is the oxidized form of N(1),N(8)-bis(glutathionyl)-spermidine from the insect-parasitic trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata.
comment: The activity is dependent on a redox-active cystine at the active center (cf. EC 1.8.1.7).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7607216
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9057833
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

NADP(+) + trypanothione = H(+) + NADPH + trypanothione disulfide.
type: Catalytic Activity

bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.9
alternative label: bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase (NADPH)
alternative label: NADPH:bis-gamma-glutamylcysteine oxidoreductase
activity: 2 gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP(+) = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: The enzyme, which is found only in halobacteria, maintains the concentration of gamma-glutamylcysteine, the major low molecular weight thiol in halobacteria.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.8.1.7 or EC 1.8.1.14.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2910862
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3136140
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23560638
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine + NADP(+) = bis-gamma-glutamylcystine + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

CoA-disulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.6.4.10
alternative label: CoA-disulfide reductase [NAD(P)H]
alternative label: CoADR
alternative label: coenzyme A disulfide reductase
alternative label: NADH:CoA-disulfide oxidoreductase
activity: 2 CoA + NADP(+) = CoA-disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
comment: Not identical with EC 1.8.1.6, EC 1.8.1.7 or EC 1.8.1.13.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus has a strong preference for NADPH, while the bacterium Bacillus megaterium contains both NADH and NADPH-dependent enzymes.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/410791
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9488707
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10052943
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 CoA + NADP(+) = CoA-disulfide + H(+) + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

mycothione reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: mycothiol-disulfide reductase
activity: 2 mycothiol + NADP(+) = H(+) + mycothione + NADPH.
activity: 2 mycothiol + NAD(+) = H(+) + mycothione + NADH.
comment: No activity with glutathione, trypanothione or coenzyme A as substrate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10512639
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11318633
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 mycothiol + NADP(+) = H(+) + mycothione + NADPH.
type: Catalytic Activity

2 mycothiol + NAD(+) = H(+) + mycothione + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutathione amide reductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: GAR
activity: 2 glutathione amide + NAD(+) = glutathione amide disulfide + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme restores glutathione amide disulfide, which is produced during the reduction of peroxide by EC 1.11.1.17 back to glutathione amide (it catalyzes the reaction in the opposite direction to that shown).
comment: The enzyme belongs to the family of flavoprotein disulfide oxidoreductases, but unlike other members of the family, which are specific for NADPH, it prefers NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11399772
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11807270
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 glutathione amide + NAD(+) = glutathione amide disulfide + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dimethylsulfone reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: dimethyl sulfoxide + H2O + NAD(+) = dimethyl sulfone + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10896224
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11807567
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

dimethyl sulfoxide + H2O + NAD(+) = dimethyl sulfone + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

NAD(P)H sulfur oxidoreductase (CoA-dependent)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: coenzyme A-dependent NADPH sulfur oxidoreductase
alternative label: S(0) reductase
activity: hydrogen sulfide + NADP(+) = NADPH + sulfur.
activity: hydrogen sulfide + NAD(+) = NADH + sulfur.
comment: This enzyme, characterized from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, is responsible for NAD(P)H-linked sulfur reduction.
comment: The activity with NADH is about half of that with NADPH.
comment: The reaction is dependent on CoA, although the nature of this dependency is not well understood.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15720393
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17449625
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/21965560
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

hydrogen sulfide + NADP(+) = NADPH + sulfur.
type: Catalytic Activity

hydrogen sulfide + NAD(+) = NADH + sulfur.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfide dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: hydrogen sulfide + NADP(+) + n sulfur = NADPH + (n+1) sulfur.
comment: In the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus the enzyme is involved in the oxidation of NADPH which is produced in peptide degradation.
comment: The enzyme also catalyzes the reduction of sulfur with lower activity.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7961401
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10968624
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

hydrogen sulfide + NADP(+) + n sulfur = NADPH + (n+1) sulfur.
type: Catalytic Activity

4,4'-dithiodibutanoate disulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 4-sulfanylbutanoate + NAD(+) = 4,4'-disulfanyldibutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26407888
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27564089
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 4-sulfanylbutanoate + NAD(+) = 4,4'-disulfanyldibutanoate + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

dissimilatory dimethyldisulfide reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 methanethiol + NAD(+) = dimethyl disulfide + H(+) + NADH.
comment: The enzyme's activity has been demonstrated in the bacterium Thiobacillus thioparus E6.
comment: The methanethiol formed is eventually oxidized to sulfate and carbon dioxide, and the latter assimilated for autotrophic growth.
subclass of: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor
broader transitive: With NAD(+) or NADP(+) as acceptor

2 methanethiol + NAD(+) = dimethyl disulfide + H(+) + NADH.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a cytochrome as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
narrower transitive: sulfite dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: thiosulfate dehydrogenase
narrower transitive: sulfide-cytochrome-c reductase (flavocytochrome c)
narrower transitive: dimethyl sulfide:cytochrome c2 reductase
narrower transitive: thiosulfate reductase (cytochrome)
narrower transitive: S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine oxidoreductase
narrower transitive: thiocyanate desulfurase

sulfite dehydrogenase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: sulfite dehydrogenase
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + sulfite = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + sulfate.
comment: Associated with cytochrome c-551. cf. EC 1.8.5.6.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5438321
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10788424
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + sulfite = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + sulfate.
type: Catalytic Activity

thiosulfate dehydrogenase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: tetrathionate synthase
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + 2 thiosulfate = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + tetrathionate.
comment: The enzyme catalyzes the reversible formation of a sulfur-sulfur bond between the sulfane atoms of two thiosulfate molecules, yielding tetrathionate and releasing two electrons.
comment: In many bacterial species the enzyme is a diheme c-type cytochrome.
comment: In a number of organisms, including Thiomonas intermedia and Sideroxydans lithotrophicus, a second diheme cytochrome (TsdB) acts as the electron acceptor.
comment: However, some organisms, such as Allochromatium vinosum, lack TsdB.
comment: The electron acceptor in these organisms may be the high-potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP).
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/23421726
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25673691
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27694441
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + 2 thiosulfate = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + tetrathionate.
type: Catalytic Activity

sulfide-cytochrome-c reductase (flavocytochrome c)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + hydrogen sulfide = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + H(+) + sulfur.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/222744
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/4357558
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6301383
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7939681
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9613590
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10809687
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + hydrogen sulfide = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + H(+) + sulfur.
type: Catalytic Activity

dimethyl sulfide:cytochrome c2 reductase
type: Enzyme
activity: dimethyl sulfide + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c2] + H2O = dimethyl sulfoxide + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c2] + 2 H(+).
comment: The enzyme from Rhodovulum sulfidophilum binds molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide, heme b and [4Fe-4S] clusters.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8706745
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12067345
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

dimethyl sulfide + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c2] + H2O = dimethyl sulfoxide + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c2] + 2 H(+).
type: Catalytic Activity

thiosulfate reductase (cytochrome)
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c3] + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c3] + thiosulfate.
comment: The enzyme is found in sulfate-reducing bacteria.
comment: The source of the electrons is molecular hydrogen, via EC 1.12.2.1.
comment: The organisms utilize the sulfite that is produced for energy generation by EC 1.8.99.5.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/242299
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/2993256
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5573735
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5784203
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c3] + hydrogen sulfide + sulfite = 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c3] + thiosulfate.
type: Catalytic Activity

S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine oxidoreductase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: sulfur dehydrogenase
activity: 6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + 3 H2O + S-disulfanyl-L-cysteinyl-[SoxY protein] = 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 7 H(+) + S-sulfosulfanyl-L-cysteinyl-[SoxY protein].
comment: The enzyme is part of the Sox enzyme system, which participates in a bacterial thiosulfate oxidation pathway that produces sulfate.
comment: The enzyme from the bacterium Paracoccus pantotrophus contains a molybdoprotein component and a diheme c-type cytochrome component.
comment: The enzyme successively oxidizes the outer sulfur atom in [SoxY protein]-S-disulfanyl-L-cysteine, using three water molecules and forming [SoxY protein]-S-sulfosulfanyl-L-cysteine.
comment: During the process, six electrons are transferred to the electron chain via cytochrome c.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11425697
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15865447
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28257465
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

6 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + 3 H2O + S-disulfanyl-L-cysteinyl-[SoxY protein] = 6 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 7 H(+) + S-sulfosulfanyl-L-cysteinyl-[SoxY protein].
type: Catalytic Activity

thiocyanate desulfurase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: thiocyanate dehydrogenase
activity: 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + thiocyanate = cyanate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + sulfur.
comment: The enzyme, characterized from the haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium Thioalkalivibrio paradoxus, contains three copper ions in its active site.
comment: It catalyzes the direct conversion of thiocyanate into cyanate and elemental sulfur without involvement of molecular oxygen.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/32094184
subclass of: With a cytochrome as acceptor
broader transitive: With a cytochrome as acceptor

2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome c] + H2O + thiocyanate = cyanate + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome c] + 2 H(+) + sulfur.
type: Catalytic Activity

With oxygen as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
narrower transitive: sulfite oxidase
narrower transitive: thiol oxidase
narrower transitive: glutathione oxidase
narrower transitive: methanethiol oxidase
narrower transitive: prenylcysteine oxidase
narrower transitive: farnesylcysteine lyase
narrower transitive: formylglycine-generating enzyme

sulfite oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: H2O + O2 + sulfite = H2O2 + sulfate.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + sulfite = H2O2 + sulfate.
type: Catalytic Activity

thiol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: sulfhydryl oxidase
activity: O2 + 2 R'C(R)SH = H2O2 + R'C(R)S-S(R)CR'.
comment: R may be =S or =O, or a variety of other groups.
comment: The enzyme is not specific for R'.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/3427078
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7397095
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8940019
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11584268
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13549489
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/13863296
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15683237
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16407158
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17944490
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17972915
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19498160
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

O2 + 2 R'C(R)SH = H2O2 + R'C(R)S-S(R)CR'.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutathione oxidase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 glutathione + O2 = glutathione disulfide + H2O2.
comment: Also acts, more slowly, on L-cysteine and several other thiols.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 glutathione + O2 = glutathione disulfide + H2O2.
type: Catalytic Activity

methanethiol oxidase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: methylmercaptan oxidase
activity: H2O + methanethiol + O2 = formaldehyde + H(+) + H2O2 + hydrogen sulfide.
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + methanethiol + O2 = formaldehyde + H(+) + H2O2 + hydrogen sulfide.
type: Catalytic Activity

prenylcysteine oxidase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/4.4.1.18
alternative label: prenylcysteine lyase
activity: an S-prenyl-L-cysteine + H2O + O2 = a prenal + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
activity: H2O + O2 + S-(2E,6E)-farnesyl-L-cysteine = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
activity: [(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl]-L-cysteine + H2O + O2 = (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranial + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
comment: Cleaves the thioether bond of S-prenyl-L-cysteines, such as S-farnesylcysteine and S-geranylgeranylcysteine.
comment: N-Acetyl-prenylcysteine and prenylcysteinyl peptides are not substrates.
comment: May represent the final step in the degradation of prenylated proteins in mammalian tissues.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9287348
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11078725
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

an S-prenyl-L-cysteine + H2O + O2 = a prenal + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
type: Catalytic Activity

H2O + O2 + S-(2E,6E)-farnesyl-L-cysteine = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
type: Catalytic Activity

[(2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl]-L-cysteine + H2O + O2 = (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranial + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
type: Catalytic Activity

farnesylcysteine lyase
type: Enzyme
alternative label: FC lyase
activity: H2O + O2 + S-(2E,6E)-farnesyl-L-cysteine = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
comment: In contrast to mammalian EC 1.8.3.5 the farnesylcysteine lyase from Arabidopsis is specific for S-farnesyl-L-cysteine and shows no activity with S-geranylgeranyl-L-cysteine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17425716
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/19969520
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

H2O + O2 + S-(2E,6E)-farnesyl-L-cysteine = (2E,6E)-farnesal + H2O2 + L-cysteine.
type: Catalytic Activity

formylglycine-generating enzyme
type: Enzyme
alternative label: Calpha-formylglycine-generating enzyme 1
alternative label: sulfatase-modifying factor 1
activity: 2 a thiol + L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + O2 = 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + an organic disulfide + H(+) + H2O + hydrogen sulfide.
comment: The enzyme, which is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, catalyzes a modification of a conserved L-cysteine residue in the active site of sulfatases, generating a unique 3-oxo-L-alanine residue that is essential for sulfatase activity.
comment: The exact nature of the thiol involved is still not clear - dithiothreitol and cysteamine are the most efficiently used thiols in vitro.
comment: Glutathione alo acts in vitro, but it is not known whether it is used in vivo.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9342345
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9748219
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15657036
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16368756
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/18390551
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25931126
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/26403223
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/27862795
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/28544744
subclass of: With oxygen as acceptor
broader transitive: With oxygen as acceptor

2 a thiol + L-cysteinyl-[sulfatase] + O2 = 3-oxo-L-alanyl-[sulfatase] + an organic disulfide + H(+) + H2O + hydrogen sulfide.
type: Catalytic Activity

With a disulfide as acceptor
type: Enzyme
subclass of: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
broader transitive: Acting on a sulfur group of donors
narrower transitive: glutathione--homocystine transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)
narrower transitive: glutathione--CoA-glutathione transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: glutathione--cystine transhydrogenase
narrower transitive: enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide)
narrower transitive: phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
narrower transitive: adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione)
narrower transitive: adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
narrower transitive: peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.12
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.13
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.14
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.15
narrower transitive: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.16

glutathione--homocystine transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 glutathione + L,L-homocystine = glutathione disulfide + 2 L-homocysteine.
comment: The reactions catalyzed by this enzyme and by others in this subclass may be similar to those catalyzed by EC 2.5.1.18.
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

2 glutathione + L,L-homocystine = glutathione disulfide + 2 L-homocysteine.
type: Catalytic Activity

protein-disulfide reductase (glutathione)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: glutathione--insulin transhydrogenase
alternative label: insulin reductase
activity: [protein]-disulfide + 2 glutathione = [protein]-dithiol + glutathione disulfide.
comment: Reduces insulin and some other proteins.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14031343
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

[protein]-disulfide + 2 glutathione = [protein]-dithiol + glutathione disulfide.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutathione--CoA-glutathione transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: CoA + glutathione disulfide = CoA-glutathione + glutathione.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5924646
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

CoA + glutathione disulfide = CoA-glutathione + glutathione.
type: Catalytic Activity

glutathione--cystine transhydrogenase
type: Enzyme
activity: 2 glutathione + L-cystine = glutathione disulfide + 2 L-cysteine.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/5646485
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

2 glutathione + L-cystine = glutathione disulfide + 2 L-cysteine.
type: Catalytic Activity

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.5
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.13
replaced by: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.14
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.6
type: Enzyme
obsolete: true
replaced by: peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (glutathione-disulfide)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: [xanthine-dehydrogenase]:oxidized-glutathione S-oxidoreductase
alternative label: enzyme-thiol transhydrogenase (oxidized-glutathione)
alternative label: glutathione-dependent thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase
alternative label: thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase
activity: [xanthine dehydrogenase] + glutathione disulfide = [xanthine oxidase] + 2 glutathione.
comment: Converts EC 1.17.1.4 into EC 1.17.3.2 in the presence of glutathione disulfide.
comment: Also reduces the disulfide bond of ricin.
comment: Not inhibited by Cu(2+) or thiol reagents.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/6960894
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

[xanthine dehydrogenase] + glutathione disulfide = [xanthine oxidase] + 2 glutathione.
type: Catalytic Activity

phosphoadenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.99.4
alternative label: 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate reductase
alternative label: PAdoPS reductase
alternative label: PAPS reductase
alternative label: PAPS reductase, thioredoxin-dependent
alternative label: PAPS sulfotransferase
alternative label: phosphoadenosine-phosphosulfate reductase
alternative label: thioredoxin:3'-phospho-adenylylsulfate reductase
alternative label: thioredoxin:adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate reductase
activity: [thioredoxin]-disulfide + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+) + sulfite = 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol.
comment: Specific for PAPS.
comment: The enzyme from Escherichia coli will use thioredoxins from other species.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7588765
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

[thioredoxin]-disulfide + adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + 2 H(+) + sulfite = 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + [thioredoxin]-dithiol.
type: Catalytic Activity

adenylyl-sulfate reductase (glutathione)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase
alternative label: AMP,sulfite:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase (adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate-forming)
alternative label: plant-type 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase
activity: AMP + glutathione disulfide + 2 H(+) + sulfite = adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + 2 glutathione.
comment: Differs from EC 1.8.99.2, in using glutathione as the reductant.
comment: Glutathione can be replaced by gamma-glutamylcysteine or dithiothreitol, but not by thioredoxin, glutaredoxin or 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol (2-mercaptoethanol).
comment: The enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana contains a glutaredoxin-like domain.
comment: Also found in other photosynthetic eukaryotes, e.g., the Madagascar periwinkle, Catharanthus roseus and the hollow green seaweed, Enteromorpha intestinalis.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8917599
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/8917600
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/9653199
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

AMP + glutathione disulfide + 2 H(+) + sulfite = adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + 2 glutathione.
type: Catalytic Activity

adenylyl-sulfate reductase (thioredoxin)
type: Enzyme
alternative label: thioredoxin-dependent 5'-adenylylsulfate reductase
activity: [thioredoxin]-disulfide + AMP + 2 H(+) + sulfite = [thioredoxin]-dithiol + adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.
comment: Uses adenylyl sulfate, not phosphoadenylyl sulfate, distinguishing this enzyme from EC 1.8.4.8.
comment: Uses thioredoxin as electron donor, not glutathione or other donors, distinguishing it from EC 1.8.4.9 and EC 1.8.99.2.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10464198
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10613872
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10939523
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12072441
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

[thioredoxin]-disulfide + AMP + 2 H(+) + sulfite = [thioredoxin]-dithiol + adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate.
type: Catalytic Activity

peptide-methionine (S)-S-oxide reductase
type: Enzyme
replaces: http://purl.uniprot.org/enzyme/1.8.4.6
alternative label: methionine S-oxide reductase
alternative label: methionine S-oxide reductase (S-form oxidizing)
alternative label: methionine sulfoxide reductase
alternative label: methionine sulfoxide reductase A
alternative label: methionine sulphoxide reductase A
alternative label: peptide Met(O) reductase
alternative label: peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase
activity: [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O + L-methionyl-[protein] = [thioredoxin]-dithiol + L-methionyl-(S)-S-oxide-[protein].
activity: [thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O + L-methionine = [thioredoxin]-dithiol + L-methionine (S)-S-oxide.
comment: The reaction occurs in the reverse direction to that shown above.
comment: Exhibits high specificity for the reduction of the S-form of L-methionine S-oxide, acting faster on the residue in a peptide than on the free amino acid.
comment: On the free amino acid, it can also reduce D-methionine (S)-S-oxide but more slowly.
comment: Plays a role in preventing oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive oxygen species by reducing the oxidized form of methionine back to methionine and thereby reactivating peptides that had been damaged.
comment: The reaction proceeds via a sulfenic-acid intermediate.
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/7017726
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11779133
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/11812798
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12693988
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/12837786
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/14523107
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15680228
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15680230
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15680231
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15680233
subclass of: With a disulfide as acceptor
broader transitive: With a disulfide as acceptor

[thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O + L-methionyl-[protein] = [thioredoxin]-dithiol + L-methionyl-(S)-S-oxide-[protein].
type: Catalytic Activity

[thioredoxin]-disulfide + H2O + L-methionine = [thioredoxin]-dithiol + L-methionine (S)-S-oxide.
type: Catalytic Activity