A band
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: A-band
alternative label: A line
alias: A band
comment: The appearance of the striated muscle is created by a pattern of alternating dark A bands and light I bands. A bands comprise thick filaments of myosin and proteins that bind myosin. They are bisected by the H zone, a paler region where the thick and the thin filaments do not overlap. The exact center of the A band is termed the M line.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Sarcomere
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Myofibril
related location: Sarcomere

A band
type: Class
database: go

Acidocalcisome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Acidocalcisome
comment: The acidocalcisome is an electron-dense acidic organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations. Its limiting membrane possesses a number of pumps and exchangers for the uptake and release of these elements. The acidocalcisome does not belong to the endocytic pathway and may represent a branch of the secretory pathway in trypanosomatids and apicomplexan parasites. The acidocalcisome is possibly involved in polyphosphate and cation storage and in adaptation of these microoganisms to environmental stress.
subclass of: Cellular Component
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15738951

acidocalcisome
type: Class
database: go

Acidocalcisome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acidocalcisomal lumen
alias: Acidocalcisome lumen
comment: The acidocalcisome compartment bounded by the acidocalcisomal membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Acidocalcisome

acidocalcisome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Acidocalcisome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acidocalcisomal membrane
alias: Acidocalcisome membrane
comment: The membrane of an acidocalcisome.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Acidocalcisome
part of: Endomembrane system

acidocalcisome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Acrosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acrosomal vesicle
alias: acrosome
comment: The acrosome is a large lysosome-like vesicle overlying the sperm nucleus. This spermatid specific organelle, derived from the Golgi during spermatogenesis, contains both unique acrosomal enzymes and common enzymes associated with lysosomes in somatic cells. Only sperm that have undergone the acrosome reaction can fuse with egg plasma membrane. The acrosome reaction is characterized by multiple fusions of the outer acrosomal membrane with the sperm cell membrane.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

acrosomal vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Acrosome inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acrosomal inner membrane
alternative label: IAM
alternative label: Inner acrosomal membrane
alias: acrosome inner membrane
comment: The portion of the acrosomal membrane closely associated with the anterior region of the nuclear envelope.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Acrosome membrane
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

inner acrosomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Acrosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acrosomal lumen
alias: acrosome lumen
comment: The lumen of the acrosome.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle lumen
part of: Acrosome
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

acrosomal lumen
type: Class
database: go

Acrosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acrosomal membrane
alias: acrosome membrane
comment: The membrane of the acrosome.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Acrosome
part of: Endomembrane system
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

acrosomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Acrosome outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Acrosomal outer membrane
alternative label: Outer acrosomal membrane
alias: acrosome outer membrane
comment: The portion of the acrosomal membrane just beneath the sperm cell membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Acrosome membrane
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

outer acrosomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Actin patch
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Actin cortical patch
alias: actin patch
comment: The actin patch is a highly dynamic actin structure in fungi required primarily for endocytosis but possibly also coupled to exocytosis. Actin patches are highly motile, they first assemble at sites of polarized cell growth and then move slowly and nondirectionally along the cell cortex.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

actin cortical patch
type: Class
database: go

Adherens junction
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: AJ
alternative label: ZA
alternative label: Zonula adherens
alias: adherens junction
comment: The adherens junction is an adhesion complex that localizes close to the apical membrane in epithelial cells. These junctions join the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane to form adhesive contacts between cells or between cells and extracellular matrix. AJs mediate both cell adhesion and signaling.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

adherens junction
type: Class
database: go

Aleurone grain
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Protein body
alias: aleurone grain
comment: The aleurone grain (protein body), is a specialized dry vacuole where storage proteins accumulate in a stable form in seeds, usually in the endosperm. Cells containing aleurones form the aleurone layer. These act as a source of amino acids for various synthetic activities during germination, but also represent immensely important nutritional sources for humans and ruminants. In most seeds, the aleuron grains contain three morphologically distinct regions: the matrix, crystalloid, and globoid.
subclass of: Vacuole
related location: Vacuole

aleurone grain
type: Class
database: go

Aleurone grain lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Protein body lumen
alias: aleurone grain lumen
comment: The aleurone grain compartment bounded by the aleurone grain membrane.
subclass of: Vacuole lumen
part of: Aleurone grain
related location: Vacuole

aleurone grain lumen
type: Class
database: go

Aleurone grain membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Protein body membrane
alias: aleurone grain membrane
comment: The membrane of an aleurone grain.
subclass of: Vacuole membrane
part of: Aleurone grain
related location: Vacuole

aleurone grain membrane
type: Class
database: go

Amyloplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: amyloplast
comment: The amyloplast is a colorless plant plastid that forms and stores starch. Amyloplasts are found in many tissues, particularly in storage tissues. They are found in both photosynthetic and parasitic plants, i.e. even in plants that are not capable of photosynthesis. Many amyloplast proteins are also expressed in photosynthetic tissue.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

amyloplast
type: Class
database: go

Amyloplast inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Inner amyloplastic membrane
alias: amyloplast inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of an amyloplast.
subclass of: Amyloplast membrane
subclass of: Plastid inner membrane
related location: Plastid

amyloplast inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Amyloplast membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: amyloplast membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the amyloplast. Also used when it is not clear in which amyloplast membrane a protein is found.
subclass of: Plastid membrane
part of: Amyloplast
related location: Plastid

amyloplast membrane
type: Class
database: go

Anammoxosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Anammoxosome
comment: The anammoxosome is a large intracytoplasmic compartment bounded by a single bilayer, ladderane-lipid-containing membrane present in bacteria that perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). This organelle is the site of the anammox process, in which nitrite is used as the electron acceptor in the conversion of ammonium to dinitrogen (N2) gas and water. Anammox bacteria belong to the phylum Planctomycetes and are recognized as major players in the global nitrogen cycle.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Anammoxosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Anammoxosome membrane
comment: The membrane of the anammoxosome, a single bilayer membrane that contains unusual lipids, i.e. the so-called ladderane lipids, which appear to be unique for anammox bacteria.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Anammoxosome

Apical cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Apical plasma membrane
alias: Apical cell membrane
comment: The fraction of the cell membrane at the apical end of the cell, which faces the outside world or the lumen of the cavity.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane

apical plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Apical lamina
type: Cellular Component
alias: apical lamina
comment: In the sea urchin embryos the apical lamina is a fibrous meshwork that remains after removal of hyalin from the hyalin layer.
subclass of: Extracellular matrix
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space
related location: Extracellular matrix

apical lamina of hyaline layer
type: Class
database: go

Apicolateral cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Apicolateral plasma membrane
alias: Apicolateral cell membrane
comment: The fraction of the cell membrane at the apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of the cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane

apicolateral plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Apicoplast
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Golgi-adjunct organelle
alternative label: Thick-walled organelle
alias: apicoplast
comment: The apicoplast is a plastid found in some apicocomplexan parasites which is a non-photosynthetic plastid relict. Apicoplasts do not contain thylakoids; it is not yet clear if they contain internal membranes.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

apicoplast
type: Class
database: go

Apoplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: apoplast
comment: The apoplast is the "non-living" extracellular space that surrounds the symplast. It consists of cell walls and spaces between cells. Water and solutes can move freely in this framework, except at the endodermis in roots and stems where the apoplastic flow of ions is interrupted by the Casparian strip, forcing water to flow to symplast.
subclass of: Extracellular space
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space

apoplast
type: Class
database: go

Archaeal flagellum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Archaeal flagella
alternative label: Archaeal flagellar apparatus
alternative label: Archaellum
alias: Archaeal flagellum
comment: The archaellum (archaeal flagellum) is the motility apparatus of archaea which propels the cell through liquid medium. The archaellum is the functional equivalent of the bacterial flagellum but its architecture, composition and mode of assembly is completely unrelated. The archaellum is thinner (10-15 nm) compared to the bacterial flagellum (18-24 nm). Its filament is assembled from archaellin subunits, which are N-glycosylated proteins. The archaellum is considered to be a type IV pilus-like structure.
subclass of: Cellular Component

archaeal-type flagellum
type: Class
database: go

Ascus epiplasm
type: Cellular Component
alias: Ascus epiplasm
comment: Ascus cytoplasm that is not packaged into ascospores.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Attachment organelle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Terminal organelle
alias: attachment organelle
comment: The attachment organelle is a multifunctional polar structure found in several Mycoplasma species. This large and complex cell extension, whose predicted mass is greater than that of a vertebrate nuclear pore complex, is essential for adherence to host cells, is involved in gliding motility, and is associated with cell division.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

attachment organelle
type: Class
database: go

Attachment organelle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Terminal organelle membrane
alias: attachment organelle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the attachment organelle.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Attachment organelle
part of: Cell membrane
related location: Cell projection

attachment organelle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Autolysosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Degrading autophagic vacuole
alias: Autolysosome
comment: The autolysosome is a single-membrane organelle resulting from the fusion of a double-membrane autophagosome with a lysosome during macroautophagy. The outer membrane of the autophagosome fuses with the lysosome membrane whereas the inner membrane and the autophagic cargo are released into the lumen and degraded. Alternatively, the convergence of macroautophagy and endocytosis produces a single-membrane amphisome that also results in an autolysosome upon fusion with a lysosome.
subclass of: Autophagosome
subclass of: Lysosome

autolysosome
type: Class
database: go

Autolysosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Degrading autophagic vacuole lumen
alias: Autolysosome lumen
comment: The autolysosome lumen is the area enclosed by the autolysosomal membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Autolysosome

Autolysosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Autolysosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the autolysosome.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Autolysosome

Autophagosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Autophagic vacuole
alias: autophagosome
comment: The autophagosome is a double membrane vesicle involved in the degradation of long-lived proteins, unnecessary or damaged organelles as well as other cellular constituents such as lipids or carbohydrates. Crescent-shape isolation membranes or phagophores can sequester cytoplasm and organelles giving rise to autophagosomes. The outer membrane of the autophagosomes then fuse with vacuoles and/or lysosomes and the inner membrane vesicles (termed autophagic bodies) are released into the vacuole/lysosome lumen. These vesicles are then lysed and the contents are degraded by resident hydrolases.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

autophagosome
type: Class
database: go

Autophagosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Autophagic vacuolar lumen
alternative label: Autophagic vacuole lumen
alternative label: Autophagosomal lumen
alias: autophagosome lumen
comment: The autophagosomal compartment bounded by the autophagosomal membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: Autophagosome
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

autophagosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Autophagosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Autophagic vacuolar membrane
alternative label: Autophagic vacuole membrane
alternative label: Autophagosomal membrane
alias: autophagosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the autophagosome.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Autophagosome
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

autophagosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Axon
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Axon shaft
alias: axon
comment: The axon is the long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
subclass of: Neuron projection
related location: Cell projection

axon
type: Class
database: go

Bacterial extracellular vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Bacterial membrane vesicle
alternative label: Membrane vesicle
alternative label: Microvesicle
alias: bacterial extracellular vesicle
comment: Small membrane vesicle (< 1 um) that buds off a prokaryotic cell's plasma membrane, able to carry proteins, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acids, viruses, etc. Bacterial extracellular vesicles are important in intercellular communication and pathogenesis, and can exist within host cells.
subclass of: Extracellular vesicle
related location: Extracellular vesicle

bacterial extracellular vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Bacterial flagellum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Bacterial flagella
alternative label: Bacterial flagellar apparatus
alias: Bacterial flagellum
comment: The flagellum of Bacteria is a long hair-like cell surface appendage. The flagellar apparatus consists of the flagellar filament made of polymerized flagellin (the propeller), the hook-like structure near the cell surface (the universal joint) and the basal body (the engine) which is a rod and a system of rings embedded in the cell envelope. The basal body and the hook anchor the whip-like filament to the cell surface. The flagellum is a rotating structure whose switches propels the cell through a liquid medium.
subclass of: Cellular Component

bacterial-type flagellum
type: Class
database: go

Bacterial flagellum basal body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Bacterial flagellar basal body
alternative label: Bacterial flagellar kinetosome
alternative label: Bacterial flagellar motor
alias: Bacterial flagellum basal body
comment: The basal body of a bacterial flagellum is a rod and a system of rings embedded in the cell envelope. Gram-negative flagella usually have an L ring in the plane of the lipopolysaccharide in the outer membrane, a periplasmic P ring in the plane of the peptidoglycan around the flagellar rod and a MS ring that is located within and above the cytoplasmic membrane. A C ring extends into the cytoplasm. The rod is a major component of the flagellar basal body and it spans the bacterial periplasm. The L and P rings are not found in Gram-positive bacteria.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Bacterial flagellum

bacterial-type flagellum basal body
type: Class
database: go

Bacterial flagellum filament
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Bacterial flagella filament
alternative label: Bacterial flagellar filament
alias: Bacterial flagellum filament
comment: The bacterial flagellar filament is made of polymerized flagellin.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Bacterial flagellum

bacterial-type flagellum filament
type: Class
database: go

Bacterial flagellum hook
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Bacterial flagella hook
alternative label: Bacterial flagellar hook
alias: Bacterial flagellum hook
comment: The hook of a bacterial flagellum connects the basal body and the filament and acts as a universal joint. This flexible hinge relays the energy generated by the motor into torque formation that is transferred onto the rigid filament.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Bacterial flagellum

bacterial-type flagellum hook
type: Class
database: go

Bacterial microcompartment
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Metabolosome
alternative label: Polyhedral organelle
alias: Bacterial microcompartment
comment: Bacterial microcompartments (BMC) are proteinaceous polyhedral shells that encapsulate enzymes. The selectively permeable organelles protect their contents from the cytoplasm and/or the cytoplasm from reactants in their interior. The best characterized BMC is the carboxysome, which encapsulates RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase, and enhances autotrophic CO(2) fixation. Other characterized BMCs encapsulate enzymes involved in ethanolamine or propanediol degradation; both pathways make toxic intermediates. Artifical BMCs can be expressed and filled with cargo proteins for biotechnological uses. BMCs are found in many bacterial phyla; in most cases their cargo is unknown.
subclass of: Cellular Component

bacterial microcompartment
type: Class
database: go

Barrier septum
type: Cellular Component
alias: Barrier septum
comment: The barrier septum, is a septum which spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.
subclass of: Cell septum

division septum
type: Class
database: go

Basal cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Basal plasma membrane
alias: Basal cell membrane
comment: The basal cell membrane is the fraction of the plasma membrane at the basal side of the cell, which faces the underlying connective tissue.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane

basal plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Basement membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: basement membrane
comment: The basement membrane is a highly specialized extracellular matrix structure undelying the basal surface of cells exhibiting polarity (epithelial, endothelial and mesothelial cells) and surrounding certain cell types such as muscle, adipose and Schwann cells.
subclass of: Extracellular matrix
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space
related location: Extracellular matrix

basement membrane
type: Class
database: go

Basolateral cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Basolateral plasma membrane
alias: Basolateral cell membrane
comment: The basolateral cell membrane is the fraction of the plasma membrane at the basolateral side of the cell, which faces adjacent cells and the underlying connective tissue.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane

basolateral plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Bleb
type: Cellular Component
alias: bleb
comment: These cellular membrane protrusions are the result of actomyosin contractions of the cortex, which cause either transient detachment of the cell membrane from the actin cortex or a rupture in the actin cortex. Then, cytosol streams out of the cell body and inflates the newly formed bleb. Once expansion slows, an actin cortex is reconstituted. Retraction is powered by myosin motor proteins. Blebbing is a common feature of cell physiology during cell movement, cytokinesis, cell spreading and apoptosis.
subclass of: Cell projection
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17318224
related location: Cell projection

bleb
type: Class
database: go

Bud
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Growing bud
alias: Bud
comment: A growing bud is an asexual reproductive structure, as in yeast or a hydra, that consists of an outgrowth capable of developing into a new individual.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cellular bud
type: Class
database: go

Bud membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cellular bud membrane
alias: Bud membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a bud.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Bud
part of: Cell membrane

cellular bud membrane
type: Class
database: go

Bud neck
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cellular bud neck
alias: Bud neck
comment: The bud neck is a constriction between the mother and the daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding. This structure comprises the septin ring, an hourglass-shaped collar around the mother-bud neck, which splits into two rings flanking the division plane at cytokinesis and that acts as a diffusion barrier to maintain polarity factors in the bud and as a scaffold to recruit actomyosin contractile ring components.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Bud

cellular bud neck
type: Class
database: go

Bud tip
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cellular bud tip
alias: Bud tip
comment: The bud tip is the distal tip of the bud opposite to the site of attachment to the mother cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Bud

cellular bud tip
type: Class
database: go

Cajal body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cajal bodies
alternative label: Coiled body
alternative label: Endobodies
alternative label: Nucleolar accessory bodies
alternative label: Sphere organelles
alias: Cajal body
comment: The nuclear Cajal bodies (CBs) are small subnuclear membraneless organelles present either free in the nucleoplasm and/or physically associated to specific regions of chromatin. CBs contain newly assembled small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins (snoRNPs) particles, which are involved in pre-mRNA splicing and in ribosomal RNA processing, respectively. Mammalian nucleus in interphase, show 2-6 CBs, as irregular, punctuate structures, which vary in size and shape and which are often juxtaposed to nucleoli. At the electronic-microscope level, they are composed of heterogeneous mixture of electro-dense particles with diameters ranging from 20-25 nm and are called coiled body. Structures similar to CBs have been identified in the amphibian oocyte nucleus (called sphere organelles) and in insect (called endobodies). CBs are motile and dynamic structures. Both their protein and RNA-protein components can cycle continuously between CBs and other nuclear locations depending on the transcriptional state of the cell.
subclass of: Nuclear body
part of: Nucleus
related location: Nucleus

Cajal body
type: Class
database: go

Calyx
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Calyces
alternative label: Cytoskeletal calyx
alias: calyx
comment: The calyx is a large cytoskeletal component of the perinuclear theca of the mammalian sperm head.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Perinuclear theca
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton
related location: Perinuclear theca

cytoskeletal calyx
type: Class
database: go

Capsule
type: Cellular Component
alias: capsule
comment: The capsule is a protective structure surrounding some bacteria or fungi. The bacterial capsule is a layer of material, usually polysaccharide, attached to the cell wall possibly via covalent attachments to either phospholipid or lipid-A molecules. It has several functions: promote bacterial adhesion to surfaces or interaction with other organisms; act as a permeability barrier, as a defense mechanism against phagocytosis and/or as a nutrient reserve. Among pathogens, capsule formation often correlates with pathogenicity. The fungal capsule is an extracellular layer which lies outside the cell wall and it is usually composed of polysaccharides. It protects the cell from different environmental dangers such as phagocytosis, dessication, etc.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell envelope
part of: Secreted
related location: Secreted

capsule
type: Class
database: go

Carboxysome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Carboxysome
comment: Carboxysomes are bacterial microcompartments in which ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO)-mediated CO(2) fixation occurs. The cytoplasmic polyhedral inclusion bodies are surrounded by a thin protein coat. They enhance autotrophic CO(2) fixation in air by increasing the CO(2) concentration around RuBisCO, thus reducing its reaction with O(2), a competing substrate. They contain carbonic anhydrase as part of the CO(2) concentration mechanism.
subclass of: Bacterial microcompartment

carboxysome
type: Class
database: go

Caveola
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Caveolae
alternative label: Membrane microdomain
alternative label: Plasmalemmal vesicle
alias: caveola
comment: The caveola is a small (apparently) uncoated pit mostly found in the cell membrane of many highly differentiated mammalian cells, such as adipocytes, endothelial cells and muscle cells. These flask-shaped invaginations are defined by the presence of caveolins and contains a subset of lipid-raft components, including cholesterol and sphingolipids. Caveolae each comprise a caveolar bulb with a diameter of 60-80 nm, connected to an opening of fairly constant diameter. Caveolae might exists as single pits or can form a cluster of caveolae with non-caveolar membrane between the pits. In many tissues, and particularly in adipocytes, multiple caveolae are arranged around a central vacuolar domain. In developing muscle fibres, multiple caveolae are connected by a single neck to the cell membrane, producing large chains of interconnected caveolae. Another structural feature of caveolae in certain endothelia is the presence of a stomatal diaphragm, which consists of a central density and radial spikes, in the neck of the caveolae. Mature caveolae might be assembled in the Golgi apparatus. Caveolae can flatten out into the cell membrane, thereby loosing their caveolar identity.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endomembrane system
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17318224
related location: Membrane

caveola
type: Class
database: go

Cell cortex
type: Cellular Component
alias: cell cortex
comment: The cell cortex is the cytoplasmic region under the cell membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

cell cortex
type: Class
database: go

Cell envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Envelope
alias: Cell envelope
comment: The cell envelope comprises the cell membrane, the cell wall and an outer membrane if present. In bacteria with 1 membrane (Gram-positive) the cell envelope consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall and capsule. In bacteria with 2 membranes (Gram-negative) the envelope consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane and capsule. The archaeal cell envelope generally consists of single membrane covered by a surface layer (S-layer). Ignicoccus species exceptionally have an outer membrane which encloses a large periplasmic space. Extreme thermophiles and acidophiles have tetraether type glycerophospholipids with C40 isoprenoid chains. The yeast cell envelope is a protecting capsule which consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasmic space, and the cell wall.
subclass of: Cellular Component

envelope
type: Class
database: go

Cell inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cytoplasmic membrane
alternative label: Inner membrane
alternative label: Plasma membrane
alias: Cell inner membrane
comment: The prokaryotic inner cell membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the cytoplasm from the periplasm in prokaryotes with 2 membranes.
subclass of: Cell membrane

plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cell junction
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cell junction
comment: The cell junction is a cell-cell or cell-extracellular matrix contact within a tissue of a multicellular organism, especially abundant in epithelia. In vertebrates, there are three major types of cell junctions: anchoring junctions (e.g. adherens junctions), communicating junctions (e.g. gap junctions) and occluding junctions (e.g. tight junctions).
subclass of: Cellular Component

anchoring junction
type: Class
database: go

Cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cytoplasmic membrane
alternative label: Plasmalemma
alternative label: Plasma membrane
alias: Cell membrane
comment: The cell membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the cytoplasm from its surroundings. Known as the cell inner membrane in prokaryotes with 2 membranes.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Cell envelope
part of: Endomembrane system

Cell outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Outer membrane
alias: Cell outer membrane
comment: The prokaryotic outer cell membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the prokaryotic periplasm from its cell surroundings. Traditionally only Gram-negative bacteria were thought of as having an outer membrane, but recent work has shown some Actinobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as at least 1 archaea (Ignicoccus hospitalis) have a cell outer membrane.
subclass of: Membrane

cell outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cell projection
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cell protrusion
alias: Cell projection
comment: A cell projection is a cell protrusion such as pseudopodium, filopodium, lamellipodium, growth cone, flagellum, acrosome, axon, or bacterial comet tail. These membrane-cytoskeleton-coupled processes are involved in many biological functions, such as cell motility, cancer-cell invasion, endocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis, pathogen infection, neurite extension and cytokinesis.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cell projection
type: Class
database: go

Cell septum
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cell septum
comment: A structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cell septum
type: Class
database: go

Cell surface
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cell surface
comment: The outermost side of the cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cell surface
type: Class
database: go

Cell tip
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cell tip
comment: The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth may occur.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cell tip
type: Class
database: go

Cell wall
type: Cellular Component
alias: cell wall
comment: The complex and rigid layer surrounding the cell. Cell walls are found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and algae. The cell wall envelopes the inner or plasma membrane in all bacteria and is surrounded by the outer membrane in bacteria with 2 membranes (Gram-negative). Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan while those of archaea are not made of peptidoglycan, but some archaea may contain pseudopeptidoglycan, which is composed of N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid, instead of N-acetyl muramic acid in peptidoglycan. The plant cell wall is made of fibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix of several other kinds of polymers such as pectin and lignin. Algal cell walls are usually composed of cellulose, glycoproteins, sporopollenin, calcium and various polysaccharides such as manosyl, xylanes, alginic acid. Diatom cell walls (or frustules) contain silica. The cell wall plays a role in cell shape, cell stability and development, and protection against environmental dangers.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell envelope
part of: Secreted
related location: Secreted

cell wall
type: Class
database: go

Cellular chromatophore membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromatophore membrane
alias: Cellular chromatophore membrane
comment: The cellular chromatophore membrane is the plasma-membrane derived internal, photosynthetic membrane found in the cytoplasm in purple photosynthetic bacteria. They contain the reaction centers, antennae complexes, cytochrome bc1 complex and the F(0)F(1)-ATPase.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system

plasma membrane-derived chromatophore membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cellular thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Bacterial thylakoid
alias: Cellular thylakoid
comment: A bacterial thylakoid membrane usually formed by extensive invaginations of the cell inner (plasma) membrane. In cyanobacteria thylakoids house the photosynthetic machinery and pigments. In Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 the thylakoid membranes are physically discontinuous from the plasma membrane, and thus represent bona fide intracellular organelles.
subclass of: Thylakoid

bacterial thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Cellular thylakoid lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cellular thylakoid lumen
comment: The lumen of the cellular thylakoid.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cellular thylakoid

plasma membrane-derived thylakoid lumen
type: Class
database: go

Cellular thylakoid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cellular thylakoid membrane
comment: The membrane of the cellular thylakoid.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Cellular thylakoid
part of: Endomembrane system

plasma membrane-derived thylakoid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Centriolar satellite
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Massule
alternative label: satellites
alias: centriolar satellite
comment: Centriolar satellites are nonmembranous, electron-dense and spherical cytoplasmic granules of about 70-100 nm in diameter, occurring around centrosomes in most vertebrate cell types. They contain a number of centrosomal proteins. Centriolar satellites have the ability to move along microtubules, toward their minus ends, i.e. toward centrosomes. Their number increase during interphase and decrease during mitosis.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Centrosome
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton
related location: Microtubule organizing center
related location: Centrosome

Centriole
type: Cellular Component
alias: centriole
comment: The centriole is a barrel-shaped microtubule-based structure. A pair of centrioles, embedded in the so-called pericentriolar material, constitute the centrosome, a microtubule organizing center of an eukaryotic cell. Centrioles are barrel-shaped microtubule-based structures organized in a 9-fold radial symmetry. Centriolar microtubule arrays usually consist of triplet microtubules, although doublets or singlets are present in some species. Centrioles are structurally related to (and often interconvertible with) basal bodies, the organelles required for the assembly of a cilium or flagellum.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Centrosome
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton
related location: Microtubule organizing center
related location: Centrosome

centriole
type: Class
database: go

Centromere
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromosome, pericentric region
alias: centromere
comment: The centromere is a region of replicated eukaryotic chromosomes where the two chromatids are joined together.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Chromosome
related location: Chromosome

chromosome, centromeric region
type: Class
database: go

Centrosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: centrosome
comment: The centrosome is a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) responsible for the nucleation and organisation of microtubules. It is composed of two orthogonally arranged centrioles, each one having a barrel shaped microtubule structure, and their surrounding pericentriolar material (PCM).
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Microtubule organizing center
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton
related location: Microtubule organizing center

microtubule organizing center
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: chloroplast
comment: The most common form of plastid, the chloroplast is a photosynthetic organelle found in all photosynthetic eukaryotes except glaucocystophyte algae (where it is called a cyanelle) and Paulinella species (where it is called an organellar chromatophore). In green (photosynthetic) tissue they house the machinery necessary for pigment biosynthesis, amino acid synthesis, lipid metabolism etc, as well as the machinery for photosynthesis and CO(2) fixation. They are surrounded by between 2 and 4 membranes and contain thylakoids in green tissue.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

chloroplast
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic envelope
alias: chloroplast envelope
comment: The envelope of a chloroplast comprises the inner and outer chloroplast membrane including the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Plastid envelope
part of: Chloroplast
related location: Plastid

chloroplast envelope
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic inner membrane
alias: chloroplast inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of a chloroplast is the membrane which separates the chloroplast stroma from the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Chloroplast membrane
subclass of: Plastid inner membrane
related location: Plastid

chloroplast inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic intermembrane space
alias: chloroplast intermembrane space
comment: The intermembrane space between the inner and the outer chloroplast membranes.
subclass of: Plastid intermembrane space
part of: Chloroplast envelope
related location: Plastid

chloroplast intermembrane space
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic membrane
alias: chloroplast membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a chloroplast. Also used when it is not clear in which chloroplast membrane (outer membrane, inner membrane or thylakoid) a protein is found.
subclass of: Plastid membrane
part of: Chloroplast envelope
related location: Plastid

chloroplast membrane
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast nucleoid
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic nucleoid
alias: chloroplast nucleoid
comment: The chloroplast nucleoid is the chloroplastic pseudocompartment formed by the chromatin-dense area. This region, which is functionally equivalent to the eukaryotic nucleus, is not surrounded by a membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Chloroplast stroma
related location: Plastid
related location: Chloroplast stroma

chloroplast nucleoid
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic outer membrane
alias: chloroplast outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of a chloroplast is the chloroplast membrane facing the cytoplasm.
subclass of: Chloroplast membrane
subclass of: Plastid outer membrane
related location: Plastid

chloroplast outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast stroma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chloroplastic stroma
alias: chloroplast stroma
comment: The internal space enclosed by the chloroplast double membrane but excluding the thylakoid space. This space, filled with a colorless hydrophilic matrix, contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
subclass of: Plastid stroma
part of: Chloroplast
related location: Plastid

chloroplast stroma
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: chloroplast thylakoid
comment: The thylakoid of a chloroplast is an internal system of interconnected membranes, that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. They are arranged into stacked and unstacked regions called grana and stroma thylakoids, respectively, that are differentially enriched in photosystem I and II complexes. Although extensive, the thylakoid network in an individual chloroplast is thought to comprise a single lumenal compartment.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid
part of: Chloroplast
related location: Plastid

chloroplast thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast thylakoid lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: chloroplast thylakoid lumen
comment: The chloroplast thylakoid lumen is the chloroplast compartment bounded by the thylakoid membranes.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid lumen
part of: Chloroplast thylakoid
related location: Plastid

chloroplast thylakoid lumen
type: Class
database: go

Chloroplast thylakoid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: chloroplast thylakoid membrane
comment: The thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast is an internal system of interconnected membranes, that carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. They are arranged into stacked and unstacked regions called grana and stroma thylakoids, respectively, that are differentially enriched in photosystem I and II complexes. Although extensive, the thylakoid network in an individual chloroplast is thought to comprise a single lumenal compartment.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid membrane
part of: Chloroplast thylakoid
related location: Plastid

chloroplast thylakoid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Chlorosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Chlorosome
comment: The chlorosome is a photosynthetic light-harvesting complex found in anoxygenic green bacteria. Chlorosomes are flattened ellipsoidal organelles appressed to the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane. They typically contain highly aggregated bacteriochlorophyll c, d, or e (Bchl), a small amount of Bchl a, carotenoids, quinones, and occasionally wax esters. The chlorosome envelope of green sulfur bacteria is an asymmetric membrane containing galactolipids with the galactosyl moieties exposed on the outer surface. The farnesyl tails of the BChl molecules within the chlorosome probably comprise the inner leaflet of this membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16866355

chlorosome
type: Class
database: go

Chlorosome envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chlorosomal envelope
alias: chlorosome envelope
comment: The chlorosome envelope of green sulfur bacteria is an asymmetric membrane containing galactolipids with the galactosyl moieties exposed on the outer surface. The farnesyl tails of the BChl c molecules within the chlorosome probably comprise the inner leaflet of this membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Chlorosome
related location: Chlorosome

chlorosome envelope
type: Class
database: go

Chromaffin granule
type: Cellular Component
alias: chromaffin granule
comment: A chromaffin granule is a specialized secretory vesicle characteristic of chromaffin cells.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

chromaffin granule
type: Class
database: go

Chromaffin granule lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromaffin granular lumen
alias: chromaffin granule lumen
comment: The chromaffin granule comparment bounded by the chromaffin granule membrane.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle lumen
part of: Chromaffin granule
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

chromaffin granule lumen
type: Class
database: go

Chromaffin granule membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromaffin granular membrane
alias: chromaffin granule membrane
comment: The chromaffin granule membrane is the membrane surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle characteristic of chromaffin cells.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Chromaffin granule
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

chromaffin granule membrane
type: Class
database: go

Chromoplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: chromoplast
comment: A chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll. Found in flower, petals and fruit.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

chromoplast
type: Class
database: go

Chromoplast membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromoplastic membrane
alias: chromoplast membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the chromoplast. Also used when it is not clear in which chromoplast membrane (outer membrane, inner membrane or thylakoid) a protein is found.
subclass of: Plastid membrane
part of: Chromoplast
related location: Plastid

chromoplast membrane
type: Class
database: go

Chromoplast stroma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromoplastic stroma
alias: chromoplast stroma
comment: The chromoplast stroma is the space enclosed by the chromoplast double membrane but excluding the photosynthetic material. The chromoplast is a plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Chromoplast
related location: Plastid

chromoplast stroma
type: Class
database: go

Chromosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromoplastic stroma
alias: Chromosome
comment: An organized structure composed of a single very long molecule of coiled DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
subclass of: Cellular Component

chromosome
type: Class
database: go

Cilium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cilia
alias: cilium
comment: The cilium is a cell surface projection found at the surface of a large proportion of eukaryotic cells. The two basic types of cilia, motile (alternatively named flagella) and non-motile, collectively perform a wide variety of functions broadly encompassing cell/fluid movement and sensory perception. Their most prominent structural component is the axoneme which consists of nine doublet microtubules, with all motile cilia - except those at the embryonic node - containing an additional central pair of microtubules. The axonemal microtubules of all cilia nucleate and extend from a basal body, a centriolar structure most often composed of a radial array of nine triplet microtubules. In most cells, basal bodies associate with cell membranes and cilia are assembled as 'extracellular' membrane-enclosed compartments.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

cilium
type: Class
database: go

Cilium axoneme
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Ciliary axoneme
alias: cilium axoneme
comment: The cilium axoneme is the most prominent structural component of the cilium. It consists of nine doublet microtubules, with all motile cilia - except those at the embryonic node - containing an additional central pair of microtubules. The axonemal microtubules of all cilia nucleate and extend from a basal body, a centriolar structure most often composed of a radial array of nine triplet microtubules. In most cells, basal bodies associate with cell membranes and cilia are assembled as 'extracellular' membrane-enclosed compartments.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cilium
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

Cilium basal body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Ciliary basal body
alternative label: Ciliary kinetosome
alternative label: Cilium kinetosome
alias: cilium basal body
comment: The basal body is a barrel-shaped microtubule-based structure required for the formation of cilia. Basal bodies, structuraly related to and often interconvertible with centrioles, serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cilium
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

Cilium membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Ciliary membrane
alias: cilium membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding the cilium.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Cilium
related location: Cell projection

ciliary membrane
type: Class
database: go

cis-Golgi network
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: CGN
alternative label: cis-Golgi
alternative label: cis-Golgi complex
alternative label: Golgi cis-face
alias: cis-Golgi network
comment: The cis-Golgi network is an extensive tubulovesicular network bound to the cis face of the Golgi stack and which function is to receive process the biosynthetic output from the ER.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Golgi apparatus
related location: Golgi apparatus

cis-Golgi network
type: Class
database: go

cis-Golgi network membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: CGN membrane
alternative label: cis-Golgi complex membrane
alternative label: cis-Golgi membrane
alternative label: Golgi cis-face membrane
alias: cis-Golgi network membrane
comment: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the cis-Golgi network.
subclass of: Golgi apparatus membrane
part of: cis-Golgi network
related location: Golgi apparatus

cis-Golgi network membrane
type: Class
database: go

Clathrin-coated pit
type: Cellular Component
alias: clathrin-coated pit
comment: Coated pits are regions of the cell membrane specialized in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Their cytoplasmic surface is coated with a bristlelike structure made of clathrin. During the first steps of endocytosis, clathrin-coated pits are internalized to form clathrin-coated vesicles which transport proteins from organelle to organelle.
subclass of: Coated pit
related location: Membrane

clathrin-coated pit
type: Class
database: go

Clathrin-coated vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: CCV
alias: clathrin-coated vesicle
comment: Clathrin coated vesicles (CCVs) mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins between organelles in the post-Golgi network connecting the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes and the cell membrane. CCVs that bud from the cell membrane reveal a striking polyhedral pattern reminiscent of a fullerene which arises from the outermost protein in the coat, clathrin. Clathrin assembles from three-legged individual components called triskelions to form a polygonal lattice around the vesicle. Clathrin is a large heterohexameric protein complex composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. Clathrin molecules self-assemble together to make a spherical clathrin lattice structure, a polyhedron made of regular pentagons and hexagons. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. The connection of the clathrin scaffold to the membrane is mediated by clathrin adaptors, which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes are a stoichiometric coat component of CCVs alongside clathrin itself, and are considered a major clathrin adaptor contributing the CCV formation.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

clathrin-coated vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Clathrin-coated vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Clathrin-coated vesicular lumen
alias: clathrin-coated vesicle lumen
comment: The clathrin-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the clathrin-coated vesicle membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: Clathrin-coated vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

Clathrin-coated vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Clathrin-coated vesicular membrane
alias: clathrin-coated vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle (CCV). CCVs mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins between organelles in the post-Golgi network connecting the trans-Golgi network, endosomes, lysosomes and the cell membrane. CCVs that bud from the cell membrane reveal a striking polyhedral pattern reminiscent of a fullerene which arises from the outermost protein in the coat, clathrin. Clathrin assembles from three-legged individual components called triskelions to form a polygonal lattice around the vesicle. Clathrin is a large heterohexameric protein complex composed of three heavy chains and three light chains. Clathrin molecules self-assemble together to make a spherical clathrin lattice structure, a polyhedron made of regular pentagons and hexagons. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components. The connection of the clathrin scaffold to the membrane is mediated by clathrin adaptors, which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes. Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes are a stoichiometric coat component of CCVs alongside clathrin itself, and are considered a major clathrin adaptor contributing the CCV formation.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Clathrin-coated vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

clathrin-coated vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cleavage furrow
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cleavage furrow
comment: In fungal, amoeboid and animal cells, during the cytokinesis at the end of cell division, a cleavage furrow forms in the plasma membrane. A contractile ring containing actin and myosin is assembled at the selected site of the future cleavage furrow. Ring contraction produces the force to constrict the cleavage furrow and the daughter cells separate by membrane fusion.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cleavage furrow
type: Class
database: go

Coated pit
type: Cellular Component
alias: coated pit
comment: Coated pits are regions of the donor membrane where the assembly of the vesicle coat take place. The coat assembles from soluble protomers such as coat protein complex-I and coat protein complex-II. The components of the coat often define the intracellular sorting station, and contribute to both membrane deformation and local movement of the resulting transport intermediate following scission. During the first steps of the vesicle-mediated membrane transport, coated pits are internalized to form coated vesicles which transport proteins between distinct membrane-bound organelles.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endomembrane system
related location: Membrane

Contractile vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Contracile vacuole complex
alternative label: CV
alternative label: CVC
alias: Contractile vacuole
comment: A contractile vacuole (CV) complex is a membrane-bound osmoregulatory organelle of fresh water and soil amoebae and protozoa which segregates excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, and expel it to the cell exterior, so that the cytosolic osmolarity is kept constant under a given osmotic condition. Depending on the organism, the CV complex (CVC) shows different degrees of specialization of its tubular and vesicular elements. In the most elaborate CVCs of certain ciliates, e.g. Paramecium, a central vacuole, the contractile vacuole or cisterna, is surrounded by radially oriented ampullae or radial arms. These ampullae are connected to a network of channels. Excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, is segregated by the radial arms and enters the vacuole, so that the vacuole swells (the fluid-filling phase). The vacuole then rounds (the rounding phase) and the radial arms sever from the vacuole. The vacuole membrane then fuses with the plasma membrane at the pore region and the pore opens. The vacuole shrinks as its fluid is discharged through the pore (the fluid-discharging phase). The pore closes when the fluid has been discharged. The radial arms then reattach to the vacuole, so that the vacuole swells again as the fluid enters from the arms (the next fluid-filling phase).
subclass of: Vacuole

contractile vacuole
type: Class
database: go

Contractile vacuole lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Contractile vacuolar lumen
alias: Contractile vacuole lumen
comment: The contractile vacuole compartment bounded by the contractile vacuole membrane.
subclass of: Vacuole lumen
part of: Contractile vacuole

Contractile vacuole membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Contractile vacuolar membrane
alias: Contractile vacuole membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a contractile vacuole. A contractile vacuole (CV) complex is a membrane-bound osmoregulatory organelle of fresh water and soil amoebae and protozoa which segregates excess cytosolic water, acquired osmotically, and expel it to the cell exterior, so that the cytosolic osmolarity is kept constant under a given osmotic condition.
subclass of: Vacuole membrane
part of: Contractile vacuole

contractile vacuolar membrane
type: Class
database: go

COPI-coated vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Coat protein complex I
alias: COPI-coated vesicle
comment: COPI-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the cis-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, mediate traffic from the cis-Golgi back to the ER (retrograde), and govern the flow pattern of materials within the Golgi stack. COPI is composed of the coatomer, which is a seven-subunit protein complex that participates in the formation of Golgi-derived coated vesicles. Evidence has also been presented for anterograde intra-Golgi transport mediated by COPI in yeast and mammals.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

COPI-coated vesicle
type: Class
database: go

COPI-coated vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: COPI-coated vesicle lumen
comment: The COPI-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPI-coated vesicle membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: COPI-coated vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

COPI-coated vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: COPI-coated vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle. COPI-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the cis-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, mediate traffic from the cis-Golgi back to the ER (retrograde), and govern the flow pattern of materials within the Golgi stack. COPI is composed of the coatomer, which is a seven-subunit protein complex that participates in the formation of Golgi-derived coated vesicles. Evidence has also been presented for anterograde intra-Golgi transport mediated by COPI in yeast and mammals.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: COPI-coated vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

COPI-coated vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

COPII-coated vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Coat protein complexes II
alternative label: ER to Golgi transport vesicle
alias: COPII-coated vesicle
comment: COPII-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPII-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum be involved in the anterograde transport between the ER to Golgi and travel toward the Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where they fuse and release their contents (anterograde transport). The COPII coat has five main functional components that are highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

COPII-coated ER to Golgi transport vesicle
type: Class
database: go

COPII-coated vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Coat protein complexes II lumen
alternative label: ER to Golgi transport vesicle lumen
alias: COPII-coated vesicle lumen
comment: The COPII-coated vesicle compartment bounded by the COPII-coated vesicle membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: COPII-coated vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

COPII-coated vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Coat protein complexes II membrane
alternative label: ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
alias: COPII-coated vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a COPII-coated vesicle. COPII-coated vesicles mediate the vesicular transport of cargo such as proteins. COPII-coated vesicles are believed to bud from the endoplasmic reticulum be involved in the anterograde transport between the ER to Golgi and travel toward the Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, where they fuse and release their contents (anterograde transport). The COPII coat has five main functional components that are highly conserved in all eukaryotic cells.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: COPII-coated vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cornified envelope
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cornified envelope
comment: The cornified envelope is a structure which is formed beneath the plasma membrane in terminally differentiating stratified squamous epithelia. It provides a vital physical barrier to these tissues in mammals and consists of a 10 nm thick layer of highly crosslinked insoluble proteins. In the specialized case of the epidermis, a 5 nm thick layer of ceramide lipids is covalently bound to the proteins. These organize extracellular lipids into orderly lamellae and, together, the cell envelope and extracellular lipids are essential for effective physical and water barrier function in the skin.
subclass of: Cellular Component

cornified envelope
type: Class
database: go

Cortical granule
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cortical vesicle
alias: Cortical granule
comment: Cortical granules are secretory organelles located under the cell membrane of unfertilized oocytes. Following fertilization, cortical granules fuse with the oocyte's cell membrane and release their contents into the extracellular matrix. This exocytosis, known as the cortical reaction, is involved in the prevention of polyspermy. Cortical granules are found in all mammals and many other vertebrates, as well as some invertebrates.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

cortical granule
type: Class
database: go

Cvt vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: cvt vesicle
comment: A cvt vesicle is a double membrane-layered vesicle implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

Cvt vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Cvt vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: cvt vesicle lumen
comment: The cvt vesicle compartment bounded by the cvt vesicle membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: Cvt vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

Cvt vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: cvt vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a cvt vesicle. A cvt vesicle is a double membrane-layered vesicle implicated in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Cvt vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

Cvt vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cyanoplast
alternative label: Muroplast
alias: cyanelle
comment: A cyanelle is a photosynthetic organelle of glaucocystophyte algae. Cyanelles are surrounded by a double membrane and, in between, a peptidoglycan wall. Thylakoid membrane architecture is cyanobacteria-like. Historically, the term cyanelle is derived from a classification as endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, and thus is not fully correct.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

cyanelle
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle envelope
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle envelope
comment: The envelope of a cyanelle comprises the inner and outer cyanelle membrane including the intermembrane space and the vestigal peptidoglycan layer.
subclass of: Plastid envelope
part of: Cyanelle
related location: Plastid

cyanelle envelope
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of a cyanelle is the membrane which separates the cyanelle stroma from the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cyanelle membrane
subclass of: Plastid inner membrane
part of: Cyanelle envelope
related location: Plastid

cyanelle inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cyanelle periplasm
alias: cyanelle intermembrane space
comment: The intermembrane space between the inner and the outer cyanelle membranes, it includes the vestigial peptidoglycan layer.
subclass of: Plastid intermembrane space
part of: Cyanelle envelope
related location: Plastid

cyanelle intermembrane space
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a cyanelle, a photosynthetic organelle of glaucocystophyte algae. Also used when it is not clear in which cyanelle membrane (outer membrane, inner membrane or thylakoid) a protein is found.
subclass of: Plastid membrane
part of: Cyanelle
related location: Plastid

cyanelle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of a cyanelle is the cyanelle membrane facing the cytoplasm.
subclass of: Cyanelle membrane
subclass of: Plastid outer membrane
part of: Cyanelle envelope
related location: Plastid

cyanelle outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle stroma
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle stroma
comment: The internal space enclosed by the cyanelle double membrane but excluding the thylakoid space. This space, filled with a colorless hydrophilic matrix, contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
subclass of: Plastid stroma
part of: Cyanelle
related location: Plastid

cyanelle stroma
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle thylakoid
comment: The cyanelle thylakoid is an internal system of interconnected photosynthetic membranes resembling that of cyanobacteria found in the cyanelles of certain algae.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid
part of: Cyanelle
related location: Plastid

cyanelle thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle thylakoid lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle thylakoid lumen
comment: The cyanelle thylakoid lumen is the cyanelle compartment bounded by the thylakoid membranes.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid lumen
part of: Cyanelle thylakoid
related location: Plastid

cyanelle thylakoid lumen
type: Class
database: go

Cyanelle thylakoid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: cyanelle thylakoid membrane
comment: The lipid bilayer membrane of any thylakoid within a cyanelle, a photosynthetic organelle of glaucocystophyte algae.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid membrane
part of: Cyanelle thylakoid
related location: Plastid

cyanelle thylakoid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cytolytic granule
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Lytic granule, cytotoxic granule
alias: Cytolytic granule
comment: A specialized secretory lysosome that is present in cells with cytolytic capability such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Cytolytic granules mediate the storage and regulated excretion of lytic molecules for killing of target cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Lysosome

cytolytic granule
type: Class
database: go

Cytolytic granule lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytolytic granule lumen
comment: The cytolytic granule comparment bounded by the cytolytic granule membrane.
subclass of: Lysosome lumen
part of: Cytolytic granule

Cytolytic granule membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytolytic granule membrane
comment: The cytolytic granule membrane is the membrane surrounding a cytolytic granule.
subclass of: Lysosome membrane
part of: Cytolytic granule

Cytoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasm
comment: The cytoplasm is the content of a cell within the plasma membrane and, in eukaryotics cells, surrounding the nucleus. This three-dimensional, jelly-like lattice interconnects and supports the other solid structures. The cytosol (the soluble portion of the cytoplasm outside the organelles) is mostly composed of water and many low molecular weight compounds. In eukaryotes, the cytoplasm also contains a network of cytoplasmic filaments (cytoskeleton).
subclass of: Cellular Component

cytoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Cytoplasmic granule
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasmic granule
comment: Protein found in or associated with cytoplasmic granules.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Cytoplasmic granule lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasmic granule lumen
comment: The cytoplasmic granule compartment bounded by the cytoplasmic granule membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasmic granule

Cytoplasmic granule membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasmic granule membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a cytoplasmic granule.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Cytoplasmic granule

Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cytoplasmic mRNP granule
alternative label: Cytoplasmic mRNP granules
alternative label: mRNP granule
alternative label: mRNP granules
alias: Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
comment: Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule is a collective term for distinct protein and RNA foci inside the cytoplasm, including processing bodies (P-bodies), stress granules, neuronal ribonucleoprotein granule (neuronal transport granule) and germ granules (germline granules).
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/25531407
related location: Cytoplasm

cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
type: Class
database: go

Cytoplasmic side
type: Orientation
alias: Cytoplasmic side
comment: Protein found mostly on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Cytoplasmic vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasmic vesicle
comment: The cytoplasmic vesicles mediate vesicular transport among the organelles of secretory and endocytic systems. These transport vesicles are classified by the identity of the protein coat used in their formation and also by the cargo they contain, e.g. clathrin-, COPI-, and COPII-coated vesicles, synaptic vesicles, secretory vesicles, phagosomes, etc.
subclass of: Vesicle

Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
comment: The cytoplasmic vesicle compartment bounded by the cytoplasmic vesicle membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasmic vesicle

cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
type: Class
database: go

Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle. The cytoplasmic vesicles mediate vesicular transport among the organelles of secretory and endocytic systems.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
part of: Endomembrane system

cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Cytoskeleton
type: Cellular Component
alias: cytoskeleton
comment: The cytoskeleton is a dynamic three-dimensional filamentous structure in the cytoplasm. Its roles include maintenance of cell shape, cell movement (in eukaryotes), cytokinesis, and the organization of organelles or organelle-like structures within the cell. The cytoskeleton includes microfilaments (actin-like proteins), microtubules (tubulin-like proteins), the intermediate filaments (mostly in eukaryotes) and the MinD-ParA proteins, which appear to be unique to prokaryotes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

cytoskeleton
type: Class
database: go

Cytosol
type: Cellular Component
alias: cytosol
comment: The cytosol is the unstructured aqueous phase of the cytoplasm excluding organelles, membranes, and insoluble cytoskeletal components.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

cytosol
type: Class
database: go

Dendrite
type: Cellular Component
alias: dendrite
comment: The dendrite is a short and typically branched process extending from the cell body of a neuron that receives and integrates signals coming from axons of other neurons, and conveys the resulting signal to the body of the cell.
subclass of: Neuron projection
related location: Cell projection

dendrite
type: Class
database: go

Dendritic spine
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Postsynaptic dendritic spine
alternative label: Spine
alias: dendritic spine
comment: A dendritic spine is a small, club-like cell protrusion from neuronal dendrites that form the postsynaptic component of most excitatory synapses in the brain. Spines are complex, dynamic structures that contain a dense array of cytoskeletal, transmembrane, and scaffolding molecules. Despite their modest size, most spines contain at least some form of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which in the largest spines takes the form of a specialized organelle called the "spine apparatus". These cell protrusions play a critical role in synaptic transmission and plasticity.
subclass of: Postsynapse
part of: Neuron projection
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16443821
related location: Cell projection

dendritic spine
type: Class
database: go

Dendritic spine membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: dendritic spine membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding the dendritic spine, a small, club-like cell protrusion from neuronal dendrites that form the postsynaptic component of most excitatory synapses in the brain.
subclass of: Postsynaptic cell membrane
part of: Dendritic spine
related location: Cell projection

dendritic spine membrane
type: Class
database: go

Desmosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: DS
alternative label: Macula adherens
alias: desmosome
comment: A desmosome (DS) is a button-like adhesion complex that stabilizes epithelial sheets by anchoring the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the cell junction. Desmosomes are found particularly in tissues subjected to mechanical stress.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

desmosome
type: Class
database: go

Dynein axonemal particle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: DynAP
alias: Dynein axonemal particle
comment: Dynein axonemal particles are ciliated cell-specific cytoplasmic membrane-less organelles, where dynein axonemal assembly factors (DNAAFs) and chaperones flux through rapidly while dynein subunits are stably retained. May act in storage or assembly of axonemal dyneins for rapid deployment to cilia.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/33263282

dynein axonemal particle
type: Class
database: go

Early endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Early endosome
comment: Early endosomes form a tubulovesicular network spread throughout the cortical cytoplasm of the cell. Early endosomes are the primary sorting station in the endocytic pathway from which endocytosed molecules can be recycled back to the cell membrane or targeted to degradation in the lysosomes. Loaded by endocytosed molecules in 1 to 4 minutes, their acidic luminal pH around 6.0 allows ligand release from recycling receptors.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endosome

early endosome
type: Class
database: go

Early endosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Early endosomal lumen
alias: Early endosome lumen
comment: The early endosomal compartment bounded by the membrane of early endosomes, which form a tubulovesicular network spread throughout the cortical cytoplasm of the cell.
subclass of: Endosome lumen
part of: Early endosome

early endosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Early endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Early endosomal membrane
alias: Early endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the early endosomes, which form a tubulovesicular network spread throughout the cortical cytoplasm of the cell.
subclass of: Endosome membrane
part of: Early endosome

early endosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Encapsulin nanocompartment
type: Cellular Component
alias: Encapsulin nanocompartment
comment: Proteinaceous polyhedral shells that encapsulate enzymes. The selectively permeable organelles protect their contents from their surrounding milieu and/or the milieu from reactants in their interior. The self-assembling, 25-42 nm nanocompartment shell, unlike larger bacterial microcompartments, is made of only 1 protein, and has only a few proteins inside. Shells 25 nm in diameter are made of 60 monomers, shells 32 nm are made of 180 monomers, while shells 42 nm in diameter are made of 240 monomers with T=1, T=3 or T=4 icosahedral symmetry respectively. The shell protein has an HK97-like fold and probably evolved from a viral protein. Artificial encapsulin nanocompartments can be expressed and filled with cargo proteins for biotechnological uses. They are found in many bacterial and a few archaeal phyla. In anammox bacteria they may be located inside the anammoxosome.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Endomembrane system
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Endomembrane
alias: Endomembrane system
comment: A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and cell membrane and nuclear envelope. The endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or plastids.
subclass of: Membrane

endomembrane system
type: Class
database: go

Endoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alias: Endoplasmic reticulum
comment: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membrane tubules, vesicles and flattened cisternae (sac-like structures) found throughout the eukaryotic cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products. The membrane is a continuation of the outer nuclear membrane, it encloses the cytosol cisternal spaces (or internal lumen), which are continuous with the nuclear periplasmic space. The ER sustains many general functions, including protein synthesis, protein modification, protein folding, insertion of membrane proteins, sequestration of calcium, production of phospholipids and steroids and transport of proteins destined for membranes and secretion.
subclass of: Cellular Component

endoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
comment: The lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the area enclosed by the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, an extensive network of membrane tubules, vesicles and flattened cisternae (sac-like structures) found throughout the eukaryotic cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Class
database: go

Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive network of membrane tubules, vesicles and flattened cisternae (sac-like structures) found throughout the eukaryotic cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum
part of: Endomembrane system

endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: ERGIC
alternative label: ER-Golgi intermediate compartment
alternative label: IC
alternative label: Intermediate compartment
alternative label: Vesiculo-tubular cluster
alternative label: VTC
alias: Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
comment: The ER-Golgi intermediate compartment is a collection of tubulovesicular membrane clusters in the vicinity of ER exit sites. The ERGIC mediates transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi and is the first anterograde/retrograde sorting station in the secretory pathway. ERGIC has not been observed in yeast and plants.
subclass of: Cellular Component

endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
type: Class
database: go

Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: ERGIC lumen
alternative label: ER-Golgi intermediate compartment lumen
alternative label: IC lumen
alternative label: Intermediate compartment lumen
alternative label: Vesiculo-tubular cluster lumen
alternative label: VTC lumen
alias: Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment lumen
comment: The ERGIC compartment bounded by the ERGIC membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment

Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: ERGIC membrane
alternative label: ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
alternative label: IC membrane
alternative label: Intermediate compartment membrane
alternative label: Vesiculo-tubular cluster membrane
alternative label: VTC membrane
alias: Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, which is a collection of tubulovesicular membrane clusters in the vicinity of ER exit sites.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
part of: Endomembrane system

endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
type: Class
database: go

Endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Endosome
comment: Endosomes are highly dynamic membrane systems involved in transport within the cell, they receive endocytosed cell membrane molecules and sort them for either degradation or recycling back to the cell surface. They also receive newly synthesised proteins destined for vacuolar/lysosomal compartments. In certain cell types, endosomal multivesicular bodies may fuse with the cell surface in an exocytic manner. These released vesicles are called exosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component

endosome
type: Class
database: go

Endosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Endosomal lumen
alias: Endosome lumen
comment: The endosomal compartment bounded by the endosomal membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endosome

endosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Endosomal membrane
alias: Endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the endosome. Endosomes are highly dynamic membrane systems involved in transport within the cell, they receive endocytosed cell membrane molecules and sort them for either degradation or recycling back to the cell surface.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endosome
part of: Endomembrane system

endosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Esterosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: esterosome
comment: The esterosome is a crystalline inclusion body. This vesicle is filled with crystals of proteins showing sequence similarities with various esterases. The enclosing membrane has the characteristics of RER.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

esterosome
type: Class
database: go

Esterosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Esterosomal lumen
alias: esterosome lumen
comment: The esterosomal compartment bounded by the esterosomal membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: Esterosome
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

esterosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Esterosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Esterosomal membrane
alias: esterosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the esterosome, a crystalline inclusion body is a vesicle filled with crystals of proteins showing sequence similarities with various esterases.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Esterosome
part of: Endomembrane system
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

esterosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Etioplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: etioplast
comment: The etioplast is a plastid found in plants grown in the dark.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

etioplast
type: Class
database: go

Etioplast membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: etioplast membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the etioplast, a plastid found in plants grown in the dark. Also used when it is not clear in which etioplast membrane a protein is found.
subclass of: Plastid membrane
part of: Etioplast
related location: Plastid

etioplast membrane
type: Class
database: go

Etioplast stroma
type: Cellular Component
alias: etioplast stroma
comment: The etioplast stroma is the space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
subclass of: Plastid stroma
part of: Etioplast
related location: Plastid

etioplast stroma
type: Class
database: go

Extracellular exosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Extracellular vesicular exosome
alias: extracellular exosome
comment: Exosomes are 30-120 nm microvesicles of endocytic origin secreted by most cell types and found in abundance in body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, and breast milk. They contain various molecular constituents of their cell of origin, including proteins and nucleic acids, and carry this cargo between diverse locations in the body. These microvesicles form by budding into the lumen of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and are released to extracellular fluids by fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Secreted
related location: Secreted

Extracellular matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Proteinaceous extracellular matrix
alias: extracellular matrix
comment: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vague term used to refer to all the material surrounding cells in a multicellular organism, except circulating fluids such as blood or lymph. In some cases, the ECM accounts for more of the organism's bulk than its cells. In plants, arthropods and fungi the ECM is primarily composed of nonliving material such as cellulose or chitin. In vertebrates the ECM consists of a complex network including the basement membrane, collage, elastin, proteoglycans and hyaluronan.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Extracellular space
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space

Extracellular side
type: Orientation
alias: Extracellular side
comment: Protein found mostly on the extracellular side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Extracellular space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Intercellular space
alias: extracellular space
comment: The extracellular space is the space outside of the cell membrane but part of a multicellular organism. The term is typically used for a secreted protein that remains associated with the cell, e.g. as part of the extracellular matrix. It is not used for a protein that is secreted into the blood stream (or other body fluids) of eukaryotic, multicellular organisms, such as insulin or fibroblast growth factors.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Secreted
related location: Secreted

extracellular space
type: Class
database: go

Extracellular vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Microparticle
alias: Extracellular vesicle
comment: Extracellular vesicles are vesicles that have been released by cells.
subclass of: Vesicle
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24769233

Extracellular vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Extracellular vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding an extracellular vesicle.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Extracellular vesicle

Extravirionic side
type: Orientation
alias: Extravirionic side
comment: Protein found mostly on the extracellular side of the virion membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Filopodium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Filopodia
alternative label: Microspike
alias: filopodium
comment: The filopodium is a thin, tubular, finger-like cell protrusion filled with straight bundled, crosslinked actin filaments having their barbed ends directed towards the cell membrane. Filopodium are observed at the advancing front of the migrating cell and are implicated in cell motility as well as in cell-substrate adhesion. Filopodia explore the environment and form nascent adhesive structures in response to external signaling cues. These long and highly dynamic protrusions, which can extend and retract, are involved in mesenchymal migration. They are observed in many cell types, such as amoebae, keratinocytes, fibroblasts and in neurite growth cones.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

filopodium
type: Class
database: go

Filopodium membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Filopodia membrane
alternative label: Microspike membrane
alias: filopodium membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding the filopodium. The filopodium is a thin, tubular, finger-like cell protrusion filled with straight bundled, crosslinked actin filaments having their barbed ends directed towards the cell membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Filopodium
related location: Cell projection

filopodium membrane
type: Class
database: go

Filopodium tip
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Filopodia tip
alternative label: Microspike tip
alias: filopodium tip
comment: The end of the filopodium distal to the body of the cell. The filopodium is a thin, tubular, finger-like cell protrusion filled with straight bundled, crosslinked actin filaments having their barbed ends directed towards the cell membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Filopodium
related location: Cell projection

filopodium tip
type: Class
database: go

Fimbrium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Fimbria
alternative label: Pili
alternative label: Pilus
alias: Fimbrium
comment: A fimbrium or pilus is a hair-like, non-flagellar, polymeric filamentous appendage that extend from the bacterial or archaeal cell surface, such as type 1 pili, P-pili, type IV pili or curli. Pili perform a variety of functions, including surface adhesion, motility, cell-cell interactions, biofilm formation, conjugation, DNA uptake, and twitching motility.
subclass of: Cellular Component

pilus
type: Class
database: go

Flagellar pocket
type: Cellular Component
alias: Flagellar pocket
comment: The flagellar pocket is a structure found in trypanosomes. The flagellar pocket is formed by an invagination in the plasma membrane where the flagellum emerges from the cell body. This pocket provides the portal through which most of the dynamic interactions with the host occur.
subclass of: Cellular Component

ciliary pocket
type: Class
database: go

Flagellum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Flagella
alternative label: Motile cilia
alternative label: Motile cilium
alternative label: Undulipodia
alternative label: Undulipodium
alias: flagellum
comment: The flagellum is a long whip-like or feathery structure which propels the cell through a liquid medium. This motile cilium is produced by the unicellular eukaryotes, and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms. The flagella commonly have a characteristic axial '9+2' microtubular array (axoneme) and bends are generated along the length of the flagellum by restricted sliding of the nine outer doublets.
subclass of: Cilium
related location: Cell projection
related location: Cilium

motile cilium
type: Class
database: go

Flagellum axoneme
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Flagellar axoneme
alias: flagellum axoneme
comment: The flagellum axoneme is the most prominent structural component of the flagellum, which is a long whip-like or feathery structure which propels the cell through a liquid medium. The flagellum axoneme consists of a characteristic axial '9+2' microtubular array.
subclass of: Cilium axoneme
part of: Flagellum
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

Flagellum basal body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Flagellar basal body
alternative label: Flagellar kinetosome
alternative label: Flagellum kinetosome
alias: flagellum basal body
comment: The basal body is a barrel-shaped microtubule-based structure required for the formation of flagella. Basal bodies, structuraly related to and often interconvertible with centrioles, serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth.
subclass of: Cilium basal body
part of: Flagellum
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

Flagellum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Flagellar membrane
alias: flagellum membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding the flagellum, a long whip-like or feathery structure which propels the cell through a liquid medium.
subclass of: Cilium membrane
part of: Flagellum
related location: Cell projection
related location: Cilium

Focal adhesion
type: Cellular Component
alias: focal adhesion
comment: Focal adhesions are sites of tightest adhesion made to the underlying extracellular matrix by cells in culture. They serve a structural role, linking the ECM on the outside to the actin cytoskeleton on the inside. In addition, they are sites of signal transduction, initiating signaling pathways in response to adhesion. Focal adhesions are formed around a transmembrane core of an alpha-beta integrin heterodimer, which binds to a component of the extracellular matrix on its extracellular region, constitutes the site of anchorage of the actin cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, and mediates various intracellular signaling pathways.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

focal adhesion
type: Class
database: go

Forespore
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore
alias: Forespore
comment: Sporulation leads to the formation of an asymmetrically positioned division septum (the polar septum) which divides the developing cell into two adjacent, but unequal-sized compartments called the forespore (the smaller cell) and the mother cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15753026

intracellular immature spore
type: Class
database: go

Forespore inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore inner membrane
alias: Forespore inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of the smaller compartment, the forespore, of a sporulating cell.
subclass of: Forespore membrane
part of: Forespore

Forespore intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore intermembrane space
alias: Forespore intermembrane space
comment: The intermembrane space between the inner and outer forespore membranes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Forespore

Forespore membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore membrane
alias: Forespore membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a forespore. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer forespore membrane.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Forespore

Forespore outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore outer membrane
alias: Forespore outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of the smaller compartment, the forespore, of a sporulating cell.
subclass of: Forespore membrane
part of: Forespore

Gap junction
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Connexons
alias: gap junction
comment: A gap junction (GJ) is a communicating junction between certain cell types that allows the passive passage of ions and small molecules providing a direct pathway for electrical and metabolic signaling. In vertebrates GJs are patches of channels, each cell membrane contains a 'hemichannel', so that each GJ channel is composed of two hemichannels (connexons), which in turn are composed of six membrane proteins (connexins (Cxs)). In invertebrates, GJ channels are formed by another large family of integral membrane proteins, the innexins. GJ exists in all metazoans (multi-cellular organisms) and in almost all cell types in these organisms.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

gap junction
type: Class
database: go

Gas vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: Gas vesicle
comment: Gas vesicles (GV) are hollow, watertight, gas-permeable proteinaceous nanostructures found in some microorganisms. During planktonic growth they allow positioning of the organism at a favorable depth for light or nutrient acquisition. By regulating their relative GV content, aquatic microbes can perform vertical migrations. The GV is impermeable to liquid water but is highly permeable to gases and is normally filled with air. As they scatter light, they may also protect against UV light. Two main proteins are present in the gas vesicle: GvpA, an extremely hydrophobic protein which makes the ribs that form the structure, and GvpC, which binds to the outside of the ribs, helps shape the GV and stiffens it against collapse.
subclass of: Cellular Component

gas vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Gas vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Gas vesicle lumen
comment: The gas vesicle compartment bounded by the protein shell of the gas vesicle.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Gas vesicle

Gas vesicle shell
type: Cellular Component
alias: Gas vesicle shell
comment: The protein shell surrounding a gas vesicle.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Gas vesicle

gas vesicle shell
type: Class
database: go

Gem
type: Cellular Component
alias: gem
comment: Gems are nuclear bodies, often found paired or juxtaposed to Cajal bodies, called gems for "gemini of CBs". It is not clear if Cajal bodes and gems are distinct nuclear bodies or if they should be considered as two manifestations of the same structure.
subclass of: Nuclear body
part of: Nucleus
related location: Nucleus

Gemini of coiled bodies
type: Class
database: go

Glycosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Glycosome
comment: The glycosome is a specialized peroxisome found in all members of the protist order Kinetoplastida examined. Nine enzymes involved in glucose and glycerol metabolism are associated with these organelles. These enzymes are involved in pathways which, in other organisms, are usually located in the cytosol.
subclass of: Peroxisome

glycosome
type: Class
database: go

Glycosome matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Glycosomal lumen
alternative label: Glycosomal matrix
alternative label: Glycosome lumen
alias: Glycosome matrix
comment: The glycosomal compartment bounded by the membrane of the glycosome, a specialized peroxisome found in all members of the protist order Kinetoplastida examined.
subclass of: Peroxisome matrix
part of: Glycosome

glycosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Glycosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Glycosomal membrane
alias: Glycosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the the glycosome, a specialized peroxisome found in all members of the protist order Kinetoplastida examined.
subclass of: Peroxisome membrane
part of: Glycosome
part of: Endomembrane system

glycosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Glyoxysome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Glyoxysome
comment: The glyoxysome is a plant peroxisome, especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass. Since it is also rich in catalase, the glyoxysome may be related to the microbodies or peroxisomes or derived from them.
subclass of: Peroxisome

glyoxysome
type: Class
database: go

Glyoxysome matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Glyoxysomal lumen
alternative label: Glyoxysomal matrix
alternative label: Glyoxysome lumen
alias: Glyoxysome matrix
comment: The glyoxysomal compartment bounded by the membrane of the glyoxysome, a plant peroxisome, especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass.
subclass of: Peroxisome matrix
part of: Glyoxysome

glyoxysomal lumen
type: Class
database: go

Glyoxysome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Glyoxysomal membrane
alias: Glyoxysome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the glyoxysome, a plant peroxisome, especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass.
subclass of: Peroxisome membrane
part of: Glyoxysome
part of: Endomembrane system

glyoxysomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Golgi apparatus
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Apparatus golgiensis
alternative label: Complexus golgiensis
alternative label: Golgi
alternative label: Golgi complex
alias: Golgi apparatus
comment: The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, cisternal membranes and similar vesicles usually arranged in close apposition to each other to form stacks. In mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar. The stacks are connected laterally by tubules to create a perinuclear ribbon structure, the 'Golgi ribbon'. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. The Golgi is a polarized structure with, in most higher eukaryotic cells, a cis-face associated with a tubular reticular network of membranes facing the endoplasmic reticulum, the cis-Golgi network (CGN), a medial area of disk-shaped flattened cisternae, and a trans-face associated with another tubular reticular membrane network, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) directed toward the plasma membrane and compartments of the endocytic pathway. The Golgi apparatus receives the entire output of de novo synthesized polypeptides from the ER, and functions to posttranslationally process and sort them within vesicles destined to their proper final destination (e.g. plasma membrane, endosomes, lysosomes).
subclass of: Cellular Component

Golgi apparatus
type: Class
database: go

Golgi apparatus lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Apparatus golgiensis lumen
alternative label: Complexus golgiensis lumen
alternative label: Golgi complex lumen
alternative label: Golgi lumen
alias: Golgi apparatus lumen
comment: The Golgi lumen consist of the cisternal spaces (or internal lumen) of the Golgi apparatus.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Golgi apparatus

Golgi lumen
type: Class
database: go

Golgi apparatus membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Apparatus golgiensis membrane
alternative label: Complexus golgiensis membrane
alternative label: Golgi complex membrane
alternative label: Golgi membrane
alias: Golgi apparatus membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the Golgi apparatus.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Golgi apparatus
part of: Endomembrane system

Golgi membrane
type: Class
database: go

Golgi outpost
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Golgi elements
alternative label: Golgi vesicles
alternative label: Mini Golgi
alternative label: Postsynaptic Golgi apparatus
alternative label: Satellite Golgi
alias: Golgi outpost
comment: Golgi outpost is an organelle that shares common markers with the perinuclear Golgi body, but is typically much smaller in size and located far from the nucleus or cell body. Golgi outposts can function as acentrosomal microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) and play specialized roles in building the cytoarchitecture of neuronal dendrites, muscle cells, and oligodendrocytes.
subclass of: Golgi apparatus

Golgi stack
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Dictyosome
alternative label: Golgi bodies
alternative label: Golgi body
alias: Golgi stack
comment: The Golgi stack consist of a series of flattened curved and parallel series saccules, called cisternae or dictyosomes, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Golgi apparatus
related location: Golgi apparatus

Golgi stack
type: Class
database: go

Golgi stack lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Dictyosome lumen
alternative label: Golgi bodies lumen
alternative label: Golgi body lumen
alias: Golgi stack lumen
comment: The Golgi stack compartment bounded by the membrane of the Golgi stack.
subclass of: Golgi apparatus lumen
part of: Golgi stack
related location: Golgi apparatus

Golgi stack lumen
type: Class
database: go

Golgi stack membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Dictyosome membrane
alternative label: Golgi bodies membrane
alternative label: Golgi body membrane
alternative label: Golgi cisterna membrane
alias: Golgi stack membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the Golgi stack.
subclass of: Golgi apparatus membrane
part of: Golgi stack
related location: Golgi apparatus

Golgi cisterna membrane
type: Class
database: go

GPI-anchor
type: Topology
alternative label: Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor
alternative label: Glycosylphospholipidinositol anchor
alias: GPI-anchor
comment: Protein bound to the lipid bilayer of a membrane through a GPI-anchor (glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor), a complex oligoglycan linked to a phosphatidylinositol group, resulting in the attachment of the C-terminus of the protein to the membrane.
subclass of: Lipid-anchor
related location: Lipid-anchor

GPI-like-anchor
type: Topology
alternative label: Glycosylphospholipidinositol anchor
alternative label: Glycosylsphingolipidinositol anchor
alias: GPI-like-anchor
comment: Protein bound to the lipid bilayer of a membrane through a GPI-like-anchor, a complex oligoglycan linked to a sphingolipidinositol group, resulting in the attachment of the C-terminus of the protein to the membrane.
subclass of: Lipid-anchor
related location: Lipid-anchor

Growth cone
type: Cellular Component
alias: growth cone
comment: The growth cone is a dynamic cell protrusion at the tip of the extending axon or dendrite. Neuron extends a specialized structure, the growth cone, to find targets in the wiring of the nervous system. The growth cone explores its environment by extending dynamic filopodia. Growth cone is composed of an ensemble of protruding and retracting veils (lamellipodia), net growth cone advance may be considered the vector sum of all veil's motility behavior in response to their local environments. Filopodia play a key role in delimiting veils and serving to nucleate the formation of new veils.
subclass of: Neuron projection
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17327278
related location: Cell projection

growth cone
type: Class
database: go

Growth cone membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: growth cone membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding a growth cone.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Growth cone
related location: Cell projection

growth cone membrane
type: Class
database: go

H zone
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: H band
alternative label: H-band
alternative label: H disc
alternative label: H disk
alias: H zone
comment: The A band of a sarcomer is bisected by a paler zone, the H zone, where the thick and the thin filaments do not overlap. At the center of the H zone is the M line.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: A band
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Myofibril
related location: Sarcomere

H zone
type: Class
database: go

Hemidesmosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: hemidesmosome
comment: The hemidesmosome is an integrin-containing adhesive junction located along the basal layer of cells where they abut the basement membrane zone. As the name implies, only half the desmosome is present; only one cell is participating, the second cell being represented by the basement membrane.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

hemidesmosome
type: Class
database: go

Host
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host
comment: The host is any organism in which another organism, or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle. Most animals and plants live symbiotically with microorganisms. The larger organism is called the host and smaller organism the symbiont. When the interactions between the symbiont and the host benefits both partners, the symbiotic interaction is called mutualism. When there is a negative effect on one of the partners, it is called a parasitic symbiosis and if there is no beneficial or negative effect it is a commensal symbiosis. These clear-cut definitions are not always easy to apply in nature. Take the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa for example. This bacterium can be found on the skin of humans and not cause disease, perhaps we would call it a commensial, but if the person has a severe burn P. aeruginosa can cause an infection and becomes a pathogen (a medicinal term for parasitism). This type of organism is called an opportunistic pathogen. Whether an association is a mutualist, commensal or parasitic depends on the relative "strengths" of the partners and the balance of power can change over time.
subclass of: Cellular Component

host cellular component
type: Class
database: go

Host apical cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host apical plasma membrane
alias: Host apical cell membrane
comment: The fraction of the host cell membrane at the apical end of the host cell, which faces the outside world or the lumen of the host cavity.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell membrane

host cell plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host basolateral cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host basolateral plasma membrane
alias: Host basolateral cell membrane
comment: The fraction of the host cell membrane at the basolateral side of the cell, which faces adjacent host cells and the underlying host connective tissue.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell membrane

Host caveola
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host caveolae
alternative label: Host membrane microdomain
alternative label: Host plasmalemmal vesicle
alias: host caveola
comment: The host caveola is a small (apparently) uncoated pit found mostly in the host cell membrane of many highly differentiated mammalian cells, such as adipocytes, endothelial cells and muscle cells. These flask-shaped invaginations are defined by the presence of caveolins and contains a subset of lipid-raft components, including cholesterol and sphingolipids.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endomembrane system
related location: Host membrane

host caveola
type: Class
database: go

Host cell
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cell
comment: A cell within a host organism including the host cell membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.
subclass of: Cellular Component

host cell
type: Class
database: go

Host cell envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host envelope
alias: Host cell envelope
comment: The host cell envelope comprises the cell membrane, the cell wall and an outer membrane if present. The Gram-positive bacteria host cell envelope consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall and capsule. The Gram-negative host envelope consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, periplasmic space, outer membrane and capsule. The archaeal cell host envelope consists generally of single typical bilayer membrane covered by a surface layer (S-layer). Ignicoccus host species exceptionally have an outer membrane which encloses a large periplasmic space. Extreme host thermophiles and acidophiles have tetraether type glycerophospholipids with C40 isoprenoid chains. The yeast host cell envelope is a protecting capsule which consists of the cytoplasmic membrane, the periplasmic space, and the cell wall.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell envelope
type: Class
database: go

Host cell inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host inner membrane
alias: Host cell inner membrane
comment: The prokaryotic host cell inner membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the host cytoplasm from the host periplasm in prokaryotes with 2 membranes.
subclass of: Host cell membrane

Host cell junction
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cell junction
comment: The host cell junction is a host cell-host cell or host cell-host extracellular matrix contact within a tissue of a host multicellular organism, especially abundant in host epithelia. In vertebrates, there are three major types of cell junctions: anchoring junctions (e.g. adherens junctions), communicating junctions (e.g. gap junctions) and occluding junctions (e.g. tight junctions).
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host

host cell junction
type: Class
database: go

Host cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host cytoplasmic membrane
alternative label: Host plasmalemma
alternative label: Host plasma membrane
alias: Host cell membrane
comment: The host cell membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the host cytoplasm from its surroundings. Known as the host cell inner membrane in prokaryotes with 2 membranes.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endomembrane system
part of: Host cell envelope

Host cell outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host outer membrane
alias: Host cell outer membrane
comment: The prokaryotic host cell outer membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the prokaryotic periplasm from its surroundings in prokaryotes with 2 membranes. Traditionally only Gram-negative bacteria were thought of as having an outer membrane, but recent work has shown some Actinobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as at least 1 archaea (Ignicoccus hospitalis) have a cell outer membrane.
subclass of: Host membrane

Host cell projection
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host cell protrusion
alias: Host cell projection
comment: A host cell projection is a host cell protrusion such as pseudopodium, filopodium, lamellipodium, growth cone, flagellum, acrosome, axon, pili or bacterial comet tail. These membrane-cytoskeleton-coupled processes are involved in many biological functions, such as host cell motility, cancer-cell invasion, endocytosis, phagocytosis, exocytosis, pathogen infection, neurite extension and cytokinesis.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell projection
type: Class
database: go

Host cell surface
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cell surface
comment: The outermost side of the host cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell surface
type: Class
database: go

Host cell wall
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cell wall
comment: The complex and rigid layer surrounding the host cell. Host cell walls are found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and algae. The host cell wall is surrounded by an outer membrane in Gram-negative host bacteria, and envelopes the inner or plasma host membrane all host bacteria. It plays a role in host cell shape, cell stability and development, and protection against environmental dangers.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell envelope

host cell wall
type: Class
database: go

Host cellular thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cellular thylakoid
comment: The host cellular thylakoids are formed usually by extensive invaginations of the host cyanobacterial cell membrane. In Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803, the thylakoid membranes are physically discontinuous from the plasma membrane, and thus represent bona fide intracellular organelles.
subclass of: Host thylakoid
part of: Host cell

host thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Host cellular thylakoid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cellular thylakoid membrane
comment: The membrane of the host cyanobacterial cellular thylakoid.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endomembrane system
part of: Host cellular thylakoid

host thylakoid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host chloroplast envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host chloroplastic envelope
alias: Host chloroplast envelope
comment: The envelope of a host chloroplast comprises the inner and outer chloroplast membrane including the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Host cis-Golgi network
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host CGN
alternative label: Host cis-Golgi
alternative label: Host cis-Golgi complex
alternative label: Host Golgi cis-face
alias: host cis-Golgi network
comment: The host cis-Golgi network is an extensive tubulovesicular network bound to the cis face of the Golgi stack and whose function is to receive process the biosynthetic output from the ER.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host Golgi apparatus
related location: Host Golgi apparatus

Host cis-Golgi network membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host CGN membrane
alternative label: Host cis-Golgi complex membrane
alternative label: Host cis-Golgi membrane
alternative label: Host Golgi cis-face membrane
alias: host cis-Golgi network membrane
comment: The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments that make up the host cis-Golgi network.
subclass of: Host Golgi apparatus membrane
part of: Host cis-Golgi network
related location: Host Golgi apparatus

Host cytoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cytoplasm
comment: The host cytoplasm is the content of a host cell within the plasma membrane and, in eukaryotics cells, surrounds the host nucleus.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell cytoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Host cytoplasmic vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cytoplasmic vesicle
comment: The host cytoplasmic vesicles mediate vesicular transport among the organelles of host secretory and endocytic systems.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell cytoplasmic vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Host cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a host cytoplasmic vesicle. These vesicles mediate vesicular transport among the organelles of secretory and endocytic systems.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host cytoplasmic vesicle
part of: Host endomembrane system

host cell cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host cytoskeleton
type: Cellular Component
alias: host cytoskeleton
comment: The host cytoskeleton is a dynamic three-dimensional structure that fills the host cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for cell movement, cytokinesis, and the organization of the organelles or organelle-like structures within the host cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cytoplasm
related location: Host cytoplasm

host cytoskeleton
type: Class
database: go

Host cytosol
type: Cellular Component
alias: host cytosol
comment: The host cytosol is the unstructured aqueous phase of the host cytoplasm excluding organelles, membranes, and insoluble cytoskeletal components.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cytoplasm
related location: Host cytoplasm

host cell cytosol
type: Class
database: go

Host early endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host early endosome
comment: The host early endosomes form a tubulovesicular network spread throughout the cortical cytoplasm of the host cell. Host early endosomes are the primary sorting station in the endocytic pathway from which endocytosed molecules can be recycled back to the host cell membrane or targeted to degradation in the host lysosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endosome

Host early endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host early endosomal membrane
alias: Host early endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host early endosomes, which form a tubulovesicular network spread throughout the cortical cytoplasm of the host cell.
subclass of: Host endosome membrane
part of: Host early endosome

Host endomembrane system
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host endomembrane
alias: Host endomembrane system
comment: A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the host cell. The main components of the host endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and cell membrane and nuclear envelope. The endomembrane system does not include the membranes of mitochondria or plastids.
subclass of: Host membrane

host cell endomembrane system
type: Class
database: go

Host endoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host endoplasmic reticulum
comment: The host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membrane tubules, vesicles and flattened cisternae (sac-like structures) found throughout the eukaryotic host cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell endoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Host endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host endoplasmic reticulum lumen
comment: The lumen of the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the area enclosed by the host endoplasmic reticulum membrane, an extensive network of membrane tubules, vesicles and flattened cisternae (sac-like structures) found throughout the eukaryotic cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endoplasmic reticulum

host cell endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Class
database: go

Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The host endoplasmic reticulum is an extensive network of membrane tubules, vesicles and flattened cisternae (sac-like structures) found throughout the eukaryotic host cell, especially those responsible for the production of hormones and other secretory products.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endoplasmic reticulum
part of: Host endomembrane system

host cell endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host ERGIC
alternative label: Host ER-Golgi intermediate compartment
alternative label: Host IC
alternative label: Host intermediate compartment
alternative label: Host vesiculo-tubular cluster
alternative label: Host VTC
alias: Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
comment: The host ER-Golgi intermediate compartment is a collection of tubulovesicular membrane clusters in the vicinity of host ER exit sites. The host ERGIC mediates transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi and is the first anterograde/retrograde sorting station in the host secretory pathway.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
type: Class
database: go

Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host ERGIC membrane
alternative label: Host ER-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
alternative label: Host IC membrane
alternative label: Host intermediate compartment membrane
alternative label: Host vesiculo-tubular cluster membrane
alternative label: Host VTC membrane
alias: Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host ER-Golgi intermediate compartment, which is a collection of tubulovesicular membrane clusters in the vicinity of host ER exit sites.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
part of: Host endomembrane system

host cell endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host endosome
comment: Host endosomes are highly dynamic membrane systems involved in transport within the host cell, they receive endocytosed host cell membrane molecules and sort them for either degradation or recycling back to the host cell surface. They also receive newly synthesised proteins destined for host vacuolar/lysosomal compartments.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell endosome
type: Class
database: go

Host endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host endosomal membrane
alias: Host endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host endosome. Host endosomes are highly dynamic membrane systems involved in transport within the cell, they receive endocytosed host cell membrane molecules and sort them for either degradation or recycling back to the host cell surface.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endosome
part of: Host endomembrane system

host cell endosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host extracellular space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host intercellular space
alias: Host extracellular space
comment: The host extracellular space is the space outside of the host cell membrane but part of a multicellular host organism.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host

host extracellular space
type: Class
database: go

Host filopodium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host filopodia
alternative label: Host microspike
alias: host filopodium
comment: The host filopodium is a thin, tubular, finger-like host cell protrusion filled with straight bundled, crosslinked actin filaments having their barbed ends directed towards the host cell membrane.
subclass of: Host cell projection
related location: Host cell projection

host cell filopodium
type: Class
database: go

Host glyoxysome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host glyoxysome
comment: The host glyoxysome is a plant peroxisome, especially found in germinating seeds, involved in the breakdown and conversion of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA for the glyoxylate bypass. Since it is also rich in catalase, the glyoxysome may be related to the microbodies or peroxisomes or derived from them.
subclass of: Host peroxisome

Host Golgi apparatus
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host apparatus golgiensis
alternative label: Host complexus golgiensis
alternative label: Host Golgi
alternative label: Host Golgi complex
alias: Host Golgi apparatus
comment: The host Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened, cisternal membranes and similar vesicles usually arranged in close apposition to each other to form stacks. In mammalian cells, the host Golgi apparatus is juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar. The stacks are connected laterally by tubules to create a perinuclear ribbon structure, the 'Golgi ribbon'. In plants and lower animal cells, the host Golgi exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the host cytoplasm. It is a polarized structure with, in most higher eukaryotic cells, a cis-face associated with a tubular reticular network of membranes facing the endoplasmic reticulum, the cis-Golgi network (CGN), a medial area of disk-shaped flattened cisternae, and a trans-face associated with another tubular reticular membrane network, the trans-Golgi network (TGN) directed toward the host plasma membrane and compartments of the host endocytic pathway.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell Golgi apparatus
type: Class
database: go

Host Golgi apparatus membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host apparatus golgiensis membrane
alternative label: Host complexus golgiensis membrane
alternative label: Host Golgi complex membrane
alternative label: Host Golgi membrane
alias: Host Golgi apparatus membrane
comment: The host membrane surrounding the host Golgi apparatus.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host Golgi apparatus
part of: Host endomembrane system

host cell Golgi membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host late endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host late endosome
comment: Host late endosomes are pleiomorphic with cisternal, tubular and multivesicular regions. They are found in juxtanuclear regions and concentrated at the host microtubule organizing center. They are an important sorting station in the endocytic pathway. Recycling to the plasma membrane and to the Golgi occurs in late endosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endosome

host cell late endosome
type: Class
database: go

Host late endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host late endosomal membrane
alias: Host late endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host late endosomes.
subclass of: Host endosome membrane
part of: Host late endosome

host cell late endosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host lipid droplet
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host adiposome
alternative label: Host lipid bodies
alternative label: Host lipid body
alternative label: Host lipid particle
alternative label: Host monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body
alternative label: Host oil bodies
alternative label: Host oil body
alternative label: Host oleosome
alternative label: Host spherosome
alias: Host lipid droplet
comment: The host lipid droplet is a dynamic cytoplasmic host organelle which consists of an heterogeneous macromolecular assembly of lipids and proteins covered by a unique phospholipid monolayer. They may play a role in host lipid metabolism and storage, and they may be involved in the regulation of intracellular trafficking and signal transduction.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell lipid droplet
type: Class
database: go

Host lysosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host lysosome
comment: The host lysosome is a membrane-limited organelle present in all eukaryotic cells, which contains a large number of hydrolytic enzymes that are used for degrading almost any kind of cellular constituent, including entire organelles. The mechanisms responsible for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to the host lysosome/vacuole are known collectively as autophagy and play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell lysosome
type: Class
database: go

Host lysosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host lysosomal membrane
alias: Host lysosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a host lysosome.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endomembrane system
part of: Host lysosome

host cell lysosomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host membrane
comment: A host membrane is a lipid bilayer which surrounds host enclosed spaces and compartments. This selectively permeable structure is essential for effective separation of a host cell or organelle from its surroundings.
subclass of: Membrane

host cell membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host microsome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host microsome
comment: The host microsomes are a heterogenous set of vesicles 20-200nm in diameter and formed from the host endoplasmic reticulum when host cells are disrupted.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
type: Class
database: go

Host microsome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host microsomal membrane
alias: Host microsome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host microsome.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endomembrane system
part of: Host microsome

Host mitochondrion
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host mitochondrion
comment: The host mitochondrion is a semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelle that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, host eukaryotes. Each host mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. They are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell mitochondrion
type: Class
database: go

Host mitochondrion envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host mitochondrial envelope
alias: Host mitochondrion envelope
comment: The host mitochondrial envelope comprises the inner and outer host mitochondrial membrane including the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host mitochondrion

host cell mitochondrial envelope
type: Class
database: go

Host mitochondrion inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host inner mitochondrial membrane
alternative label: Host mitochondrial inner membrane
alias: Host mitochondrion inner membrane
comment: The host mitochondrion inner membrane is the membrane which separates the host mitochondrial matrix from the host mitochondrial intermembrane space.
subclass of: Host mitochondrion membrane

host cell mitochondrial inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host mitochondrion membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host mitochondrial membrane
alias: Host mitochondrion membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a host mitochondrion. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer host mitochondrial membrane.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host mitochondrion envelope

host cell mitochondrial membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host mitochondrion outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host mitochondrial outer membrane
alternative label: Host outer mitochondrial membrane
alias: Host mitochondrion outer membrane
comment: The host mitochondrion outer membrane is the host mitochondrial membrane facing the host cytoplasm.
subclass of: Host mitochondrion membrane

host cell mitochondrial outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host multivesicular body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host corpuscula multivesicularis
alternative label: Host ECV
alternative label: Host endosomal carrier vesicle
alternative label: Host multivesicular bodies
alternative label: Host MVB
alias: host multivesicular body
comment: The host multivesicular bodies are a type of late endosome containing internal vesicles formed following the inward budding of the host outer endosomal membrane. The contents of the MVBs are then released into the lysosome lumen. The proteins found in the limiting membrane of MVBs are recycled to other compartments.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endosome
related location: Host endosome

host multivesicular body
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleolus
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host nucleoli
alias: host nucleolus
comment: The host nucleolus is a dark, dense, roughly spherical area of fibers and granules in the host nucleus. Only plant and animal nuclei contain one or more nucleoli, although some do not. No membrane separates the host nucleolus from the host nucleoplasm. It mediates ribosomal RNA biogenesis.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host nucleus
related location: Host nucleus

host cell nucleolus
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host karyolymph
alternative label: Host karyoplasm
alias: host nucleoplasm
comment: The host nucleoplasm is a highly viscous liquid contained within the host nucleus that surrounds the chromosomes and other subnuclear organelles. A network of fibers known as the host nuclear matrix can also be found in there.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host nucleus
related location: Host nucleus

host cell nucleoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host nucleus
comment: The host nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any host eukaryotic cell. It is a membrane-bound organelle and is surrounded by double membranes. It communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

host cell nucleus
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host karyotheca
alternative label: Host nuclear envelope
alternative label: Host nucleolemma
alternative label: Host perinuclear envelope
alias: Host nucleus envelope
comment: The host nuclear envelope is a membrane system which surrounds the host nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is composed of the nuclear lamina, nuclear pore complexes and two nuclear membranes. The space between the two membranes is called the host nuclear intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host nucleus

host cell nuclear envelope
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host inner nuclear membrane
alternative label: Host nuclear inner membrane
alias: Host nucleus inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane surrounding the host nucleus is the membrane which separates the host nuclear matrix from the host intermembrane space.
subclass of: Host nucleus membrane

host cell nuclear inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus lamina
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host nuclear lamina
alias: Host nucleus lamina
comment: The host nuclear lamina is a meshwork of intermediate filament proteins called lamins and lamin-binding proteins that are embedded in the host inner nuclear membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host nucleus envelope

host cell nuclear lamina
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host nuclear matrix
alternative label: Host nuclear scaffold
alternative label: Host nuclear skeleton
alias: Host nucleus matrix
comment: The host nuclear matrix is a three-dimensional filamentous protein network, found in the host nucleoplasm, which provides a structural framework for organising host chromatin, while facilitating transcription and replication.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host nucleus

host cell nuclear matrix
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host nuclear membrane
alias: Host nucleus membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host nucleus. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer host nuclear membrane.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host endomembrane system
part of: Host nucleus envelope

host cell nuclear membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host nucleus outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host nuclear outer membrane
alternative label: Host outer nuclear membrane
alias: Host nucleus outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of the host nucleus is the membrane facing the host cytoplasm. In host mammals, the host outer nuclear membrane is continuous in many places with the host rough endoplasmic reticulum and is dotted with ribosomes.
subclass of: Host nucleus membrane

host cell nuclear outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host pathogen-containing vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Pathogen inclusion
alias: host pathogen-containing vacuole
comment: A host-derived vacuole formed upon pathogen internalization by a host cell, within which the pathogen resides. The pathogen extensively modifies the vacuole membrane and contents, as well as its fate, in the process protecting the pathogen from destruction.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host vacuole
related location: Host vacuole

pathogen-containing vacuole
type: Class
database: go

Host pathogen-containing vacuole lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Pathogen inclusion lumen
alias: host pathogen-containing vacuole lumen
comment: The volume enclosed in a host-derived vacuole formed upon pathogen internalization by a host cell.
subclass of: Host pathogen-containing vacuole
related location: Host vacuole
related location: Host pathogen-containing vacuole

pathogen-containing vacuole lumen
type: Class
database: go

Host pathogen-containing vacuole membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Pathogen inclusion membrane
alias: host pathogen-containing vacuole membrane
comment: The host-derived membrane which encloses a vacuole formed upon pathogen internalization by a host cell.
subclass of: Host membrane
part of: Host pathogen-containing vacuole
related location: Host vacuole
related location: Host pathogen-containing vacuole

pathogen-containing vacuole membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host perinuclear region
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host nuclear periphery
alternative label: Host perinuclear region of cytoplasm
alias: host perinuclear region
comment: The host perinuclear region is the host cytoplasmic region just around the host nucleus.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cytoplasm
related location: Host cytoplasm

host cell perinuclear region of cytoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Host periplasm
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host periplasmic space
alias: Host periplasm
comment: The host periplasm is the space between the inner and outer membrane in host Gram-negative bacteria. In Gram-positive bacteria a smaller periplasmic space is found between the inner membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. Also used for the host intermembrane spaces of host fungi and host organelles.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell envelope

host cell periplasmic space
type: Class
database: go

Host peroxisome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host peroxisome
comment: The host peroxisome is a small eukaryotic organelle limited by a single membrane, specialized for carrying out oxidative reactions. Contains mainly peroxidases, several other oxidases and catalase. The catalase regulates the contents of the produced toxic hydrogen peroxide thus protecting the cell. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids is another major function of peroxisomes. In plants and fungi this degradation occurs only in this cellular compartment.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Host phagosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host phagocytic vesicle
alias: host phagosome
comment: The host phagosome is a phagocytic host cell-specific compartment. These large endocytic membrane-bound vesicles form upon ingestion by the host cell of extracellular materials.
subclass of: Host cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Host cytoplasmic vesicle

Host phagosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host phagocytic vesicle membrane
alternative label: Host phagosomal membrane
alias: host phagosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a host phagosome.
subclass of: Host cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Host phagosome
related location: Host cytoplasmic vesicle

Host plasmodesma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host PD
alternative label: Host plasmodesmata
alias: host plasmodesma
comment: The host plasmodesma (plural host plasmodesmata) is a plasma membrane-lined channel that crosses the cell wall between two adjacent host plant cells and which allows a cytoplasmic exchange between the cells. It provides passage of ions and small molecules, but also of macromolecules such as RNA or proteins. Host plasmodesmata are sheathed by a host plasma membrane that is simply an extension of the cell membrane of the adjoining cells.
subclass of: Host cell junction
related location: Host cell junction

host cell plasmodesma
type: Class
database: go

Host presynaptic cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host presynaptic membrane
alias: host presynaptic cell membrane
comment: In a host chemical synapse, the host presynaptic membrane is the cell membrane of an axon terminal that faces the receiving cell. The postsynaptic membrane is separated from the presynaptic membrane by the synaptic cleft.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell membrane
part of: Host synapse
related location: Host synapse

host cell presynaptic membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host rough endoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host RER
alternative label: Host rough ER
alias: Host rough endoplasmic reticulum
comment: The host rough endoplasmic reticulum (host RER) is the portion of the host ER which is covered with ribosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endoplasmic reticulum

host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Host rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host rough endoplasmic reticulum.
subclass of: Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
part of: Host rough endoplasmic reticulum

host cell rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host secretory vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: host secretory vesicle
comment: The host secretory vesicle is a host vesicle that mediates the vesicular transport of cargo - e.g. hormones or neurotransmitters - from an organelle to specific sites at the host cell membrane, where it docks and fuses to release its content.
subclass of: Host cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Host cytoplasmic vesicle

Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host SER
alternative label: Host smooth ER
alias: Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum
comment: The host smooth endoplasmic reticulum (host SER) is the portion of the host ER which is free of ribosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host endoplasmic reticulum

host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
subclass of: Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane
part of: Host rough endoplasmic reticulum

host cell smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Host synapse
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host synapse
comment: Host synapses are the communicating cell-cell junctions that allow signals to pass from a host nerve cell to a target cell. In a chemical synapse, the signal is carried by a neurotransmitter which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, neuronal axon, a specialized region of a muscle or a secretory cell. In an electrical synapse, a direct connection is made between the cytoplasms of two cells via gap junctions.
subclass of: Cellular Component

host cell synapse
type: Class
database: go

Host synaptic vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: host synaptic vesicle
comment: In a host synapse, host synaptic vesicles mediate the exocytosis of neurotransmitters and subsequent re-uptake by endocytosis of vesicular components. Re-uptake is a crucial element in the maintenance of host synaptic transmission in the nervous system.
subclass of: Host secretory vesicle
part of: Host synapse
related location: Host secretory vesicle

Host synaptic vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host synaptic vesicular membrane
alias: host synaptic vesicle membrane
comment: The host membrane surrounding a host synaptic vesicle
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host synaptic vesicle
related location: Host cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Host secretory vesicle

Host thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host thylakoid
comment: The host thylakoid is a membranous cellular structure containing the photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers and electron-transport chain. In host chloroplast, thylakoids stack up to form the grana or stay as single cisternae and interconnect the grana. Thylakoid, where photosynthesis occurs, are found in chloroplasts, cyanelles and in photosynthetic bacteria where they are the extensive invaginations of the plasma membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

Host trans-Golgi network
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host Golgi trans-face
alternative label: Host TGN
alternative label: Host trans-Golgi
alternative label: Host trans-Golgi complex
alias: host trans-Golgi network
comment: The host trans-Golgi network is a highly dynamic series of interconnected tubules and vesicles at the trans face of the host Golgi stack. The host trans-Golgi network functions in the processing and sorting of glycoproteins and glycolipids at the interface of the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. The generation and maintenance of host apical and basolateral membranes rely on sorting events that occur in the host TGN.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host Golgi apparatus
related location: Host Golgi apparatus

Host trans-Golgi network membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Host Golgi trans-face membrane
alternative label: Host TGN membrane
alternative label: Host trans-Golgi complex membrane
alternative label: Host trans-Golgi membrane
alias: host trans-Golgi network membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the host trans-Golgi network.
subclass of: Host Golgi apparatus membrane
part of: Host trans-Golgi network
related location: Host Golgi apparatus

Host vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alias: Host vacuole
comment: The host vacuole is a fluid-filled, membrane-bound compartment in the cytoplasm. The precise form and function of vacuoles may vary between phyla. They are employed for a variety of purposes, including storage, as a degradative compartment, cell size control, secretion and following phagocytosis.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Host cell

Hyaline layer
type: Cellular Component
alias: hyaline layer
comment: The hyaline layer is a multilayered extracellular matrix that coats the external surfaces of sea urchin and starfish embryos.
subclass of: Extracellular matrix
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space
related location: Extracellular matrix

hyaline layer
type: Class
database: go

Hydrogenosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Hydrogenosome
comment: The hydrogenosome is a redox organelle of anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes which contains hydrogenase and produces hydrogen and ATP by glycolysis. They are found in various unrelated eukaryotes, such as anaerobic flagellates, chytridiomycete fungi and ciliates. Most hydrogenosomes lack a genome, but some like that of the anaerobic ciliate Nyctotherus ovalis, have retained a rudimentary genome.
subclass of: Cellular Component

hydrogenosome
type: Class
database: go

Hydrogenosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Hydrogenosomal lumen
alias: Hydrogenosome lumen
comment: The hydrogenosomal compartment bounded by the membrane of the hydrogenosome, a redox organelle found in anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Hydrogenosome

hydrogenosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Hydrogenosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Hydrogenosomal membrane
alias: Hydrogenosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the hydrogenosome, a redox organelle found in anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Hydrogenosome

hydrogenosomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

I band
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: I-band
alternative label: I disc
alternative label: I disk
alias: I band
comment: The appearance of the striated muscle is created by a pattern of alternating dark A bands and light I bands. I bands are composed of thin actin filaments and proteins that bind actin and they are bisected by the Z line. The thin filaments extend in each direction from the Z-disk, where they do not overlap the thick filaments, they create the light I band.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Sarcomere
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Myofibril
related location: Sarcomere

I band
type: Class
database: go

Inflammasome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: ASC focus
alternative label: ASC speck
alias: Inflammasome
comment: Inflammasomes are supramolecular micron-sized complexes that assemble in the cytosol adjacent to the nucleus in response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals. The inflammasome assembly leads to the activation of proinflammatory procaspases, hence is usually involved in innate immunity and inflammation. The core of inflammasomes consists of at least 2 components: a signal sensor and an effector inflammatory caspase (mostly CASP1). However, most inflammasomes contain a third element, an adaptor (often ASC/PYCARD). The interaction between the sensor component and the adaptor initiates speck formation (nucleation) which greatly enhances further addition of soluble adaptor molecules to the speck in a prion-like polymerization process. The kinetic properties of the adaptor aggregation have been shown to generate a rapid 'all-or-none' response, this is why only one speck by cell is observed.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytosol

canonical inflammasome complex
type: Class
database: go

Inner membrane complex
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: IMC
alias: Inner membrane complex
comment: The inner membrane complex, found in apicocomplexan parasites, is composed of flattened membrane cisternae closely associated to the cell membrane. Together, the cell membrane and the IMC form a triple lipid bilayer called the pellicle (or cell wall).
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Membrane

inner membrane pellicle complex
type: Class
database: go

Intermembrane side
type: Orientation
alias: Intermembrane side
comment: Protein found mostly on the intermembrane side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Interphotoreceptor matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: IPM
alias: interphotoreceptor matrix
comment: In vertebrates, the photoreceptors are separated from the retinal pigment epithelium by the subretinal space, which contains a specialized extracellular material referred to as interphotoreceptor matrix. The IPM mediates key interactions between the photoreceptors and RPE including adhesion, phagocytosis, outer segment stability, nutrient exchange, development, and vitamin A trafficking in the visual cycle.
subclass of: Extracellular matrix
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space
related location: Extracellular matrix

interphotoreceptor matrix
type: Class
database: go

Intravirionic side
type: Orientation
alias: Intravirionic side
comment: Protein found mostly on the intravirionic side of the virion membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Invadopodium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Invadopodia
alias: invadopodium
comment: The invadopodium is a localized and persitent cell protrusion similar to the highly dynamic podosome, but larger. These structures protrudes into the extracellular matrix. Invadopodial protrusions are enriched in integrins, tyrosine kinase signaling machinery, soluble and membrane proteases including matrix metalloproteases, actin and actin-associated proteins. Essential for physiological and pathological cell invasion and metastasis these structures are involved in focalized degradation of the extracellular matrix. Invadopodia form underneath the cell body, often close to the nucleus and proximal to the Golgi complex, and are rarely found at the cell periphery. Their half-life is quite extended. As invadopodia and podosomes are similar in appearance, location and composition, it is likely that a thin line separates these two entities in time and function.
subclass of: Cell junction
subclass of: Cell projection
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16546558
related location: Cell projection

Invadopodium membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: invadopodium membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding an invadopodium.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Invadopodium
related location: Cell projection

Kinetochore
type: Cellular Component
alias: kinetochore
comment: The kinetochore is a protein complex assembled on the centromeric region of DNA. It provides the major attachment point for the spindle microtubules during mitotic or meiotic division to pull the chromosomes apart. In monocentric chromosomes, the kinetochores of point centromeres bind a single microtubule and the larger kinetochores of regional centromeres interact with a number of microtubules. In holocentric chromosomes, the kinetochores bind the diffuse centromere along the length of the chromosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Centromere
related location: Chromosome
related location: Centromere

Kinetoplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: kinetoplast
comment: The mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomatid protozoa is termed kinetoplast DNA (kDNA). kDNA is a massive network, composed of thousands of topologically interlocked DNA circles. Each cell contains one network condensed into a disk-shaped structure within the matrix of its single mitochondrion. The kDNA circles are of two types, maxicircles present in a few dozen copies and minicircles present in several thousand copies.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitochondrion matrix
related location: Mitochondrion matrix

kinetoplast
type: Class
database: go

Kinocilium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Kinocilia
alias: kinocilium
comment: The kinocilium is an immotile primary cilium that is found at the apical surface of auditory receptor cells. Hair bundles, the mechanosensory device of the sensory hair cells, are composed of height-ranked rows of stereocilia and a single kinocilium that are interconnected by extracellular proteinaceous links.
subclass of: Cilium
related location: Cell projection

kinocilium
type: Class
database: go

Lamellipodium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Lamellipodia
alternative label: Veil
alias: lamellipodium
comment: The lamellipodium is a broad, flat, veil-shaped cell protrusion formed at the leading edge of migrating cells. Lamellipodium contain a branched dendritic network of actin filaments having their barbed ends directed towards the cell membrane. It is associated with ameboid motility (or crawling motility).
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

lamellipodium
type: Class
database: go

Lamellipodium membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: lamellipodium membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Lamellipodium
related location: Cell projection

lamellipodium membrane
type: Class
database: go

Late endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Late endosome
comment: Late endosomes are pleiomorphic with cisternal, tubular and multivesicular regions. They are found in juxtanuclear regions and concentrated at the microtubule organizing center. They are an important sorting station in the endocytic pathway. Recycling to the plasma membrane and to the Golgi occurs in late endosomes. More acidic than early endosomes they are also loaded more slowly in a range of 4 to 30 minutes depending on the cell type. They can be distinguished from lysosome for their enrichment in M6PR.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endosome

late endosome
type: Class
database: go

Late endosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Late endosomal lumen
alias: Late endosome lumen
comment: The late endosomal comaprtment bounded by the membrane of the late endosome.
subclass of: Endosome lumen
part of: Late endosome

late endosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Late endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Late endosomal membrane
alias: Late endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the late endosomes.
subclass of: Endosome membrane
part of: Late endosome

late endosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Lateral cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Lateral plasma membrane
alias: Lateral cell membrane
comment: The portion of the plasma membrane at the lateral side of the cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane

lateral plasma membrane
type: Class
database: go

Lipid droplet
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Adiposome
alternative label: Lipid bodies
alternative label: Lipid body
alternative label: Lipid particle
alternative label: Monolayer-surrounded lipid storage body
alternative label: Oil bodies
alternative label: Oil body
alternative label: Oleosome
alternative label: Spherosome
alias: Lipid droplet
comment: The lipid droplet is a dynamic cytoplasmic organelle which consists of an heterogeneous macromolecular assembly of lipids and proteins covered by a unique phospholipid monolayer. Lipid droplets may play a role in lipid metabolism and storage, and they may be involved in the regulation of intracellular trafficking and signal transduction.
subclass of: Cellular Component

lipid droplet
type: Class
database: go

Lipid-anchor
type: Topology
alias: Lipid-anchor
comment: Protein bound to the lipid bilayer of a membrane through a posttranslationally modification by the attachment of at least one lipid or fatty acid, e.g. farnesyl, palmitate and myristate.
subclass of: Topology

Lumenal side
type: Orientation
alias: Lumenal side
comment: Protein found mostly on the lumenal side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Lysosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Lysosome
comment: The lysosome is a membrane-limited organelle present in all eukaryotic cells, which contains a large number of hydrolytic enzymes that are used for degrading almost any kind of cellular constituent, including entire organelles. The mechanisms responsible for delivering cytoplasmic cargo to the lysosome/vacuole are known collectively as autophagy and play an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis.
subclass of: Cellular Component

lysosome
type: Class
database: go

Lysosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Lysosomal lumen
alias: Lysosome lumen
comment: The lumen of a lysosome is the volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Lysosome

lysosomal lumen
type: Class
database: go

Lysosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Lysosomal membrane
alias: Lysosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a lysosome.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Lysosome

lysosomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Lytic vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alias: Lytic vacuole
comment: The lytic vacuole is a plant specialized vacuole equivalent to animal lysosomes or yeast vacuoles, functioning as compartments for degradation and waste storage.
subclass of: Vacuole

lytic vacuole
type: Class
database: go

M line
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: M band
alternative label: M-band
alternative label: M-line
alias: M line
comment: In electron micrographs of the sarcomere, the M line appears as a series of parallel electron-dense lines in the central zone of the A band impliing that the M line is needed for the regular packing of the thick filaments. The M line maintains the myosin filaments in a hexagonal lattice.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: H zone
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Myofibril
related location: Sarcomere

M band
type: Class
database: go

Magnetosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Magnetosome
comment: A specialized, membrane-bound bacterial organelle that envelops nanometer-sized crystals of magnetic iron minerals. They form linear chains at midcell along the cellular motility axis.
subclass of: Cellular Component

magnetosome
type: Class
database: go

Magnetosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Magnetosome lumen
comment: The magnetosome lumen.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Magnetosome
related location: Magnetosome

magnetosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Magnetosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Magnetosome membrane
comment: The magnetosome membrane.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Magnetosome

magnetosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Matrix side
type: Orientation
alias: Matrix side
comment: Protein found mostly on the matrix side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Melanosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Melanosome
comment: The melanosome is a melanin-containing organelle found in melanocytes and melanophores. Fish and amphibians possess specialized cells, called melanophores, which contain hundreds of melanin-filled pigment granules, termed melanosomes. The sole function of these cells is pigment aggregation in the center of the cell or dispersion throughout the cytoplasm. This alternative transport of pigment allows the animal to effect color changes important for camouflage and social interactions. Melanophores transport their pigment in response to extracellular cues: neurotransmitters in the case of fish and hormonal stimuli in the case of frogs. In both cases, melanosome dispersion is induced by elevation of intracellular cAMP levels, while aggregation is triggered by depression of cAMP. The regulatory mechanisms downstream of these second-messengers are poorly understood. Mammalian melanocytes also produce melanosomes but, unlike melanophores, pigment in these cells is transported to the cell periphery for subsequent exocytosis to surrounding epithelial cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component

melanosome
type: Class
database: go

Melanosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Melanosomal lumen
alias: Melanosome lumen
comment: The melanosomal compartment bounded by the membrane surrounding a melanosome.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Melanosome

melanosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Melanosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Melanosomal membrane
alias: Melanosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a melanosome.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Melanosome

melanosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Membrane
comment: A membrane is a lipid bilayer which surrounds enclosed spaces and compartments. This selectively permeable structure is essential for effective separation of a cell or organelle from its surroundings. Membranes are composed of various types of molecules such as phospholipids, integral membrane proteins, peripheral proteins, glycoproteins, glycolipids, etc. The relative amounts of these components as well as the types of lipids are non-randomly distributed from membrane to membrane as well as between the two leaflets of a membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component

membrane
type: Class
database: go

Membrane raft
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Lipid microdomain
alternative label: Lipid raft
alternative label: Membrane microdomain
alias: Membrane raft
comment: Membrane rafts are small (10-200 nm), heterogeneous, highly dynamic, sterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains that compartmentalize cellular processes. Small rafts can sometimes be stabilized to form larger platforms through protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions. Multiple types of rafts are likely to exist, based both on their lipid and protein composition.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endomembrane system
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/16645198

membrane raft
type: Class
database: go

Microneme
type: Cellular Component
alias: microneme
comment: The microneme is an Apicomplexan parasite organelle. Apicomplexa are named for the unique set of morphologically distinct secretory organelles (refered to as the apical complex)- micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules - whose sequential secretion is required for the invasion of host cells. Micronemes are the smallest, they are involved in the early stages of invasion.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

microneme
type: Class
database: go

Microneme lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Micronemal lumen
alias: microneme lumen
comment: The micronemal compartment bounded by the membrane of a microneme.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle lumen
part of: Microneme
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

microneme lumen
type: Class
database: go

Microneme membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Micronemal membrane
alias: microneme membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a microneme.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Microneme
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

microneme membrane
type: Class
database: go

Microsome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Microsome
comment: The microsomes are a heterogenous set of vesicles 20-200nm in diameter and formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. The vesicles are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum

Microsome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Microsomal membrane
alias: Microsome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the microsome.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Microsome

Microtubule organizing center
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: MTOC
alias: microtubule organizing center
comment: The microtubule organizing center (MTOC) is an intracellular structure that can catalyze gamma-tubulin-dependent microtubule nucleation and that can anchor microtubules.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

Microvillus
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Microvilli
alias: microvillus
comment: Microvilli are thin cylindrical dynamic cell projections containing a core bundle of actin filaments. They serve a diverse set of functions, such as increasing absorptive surface area in the epithelial brush border, tethering leukocytes to the surface of endothelial cells or participate in sperm-oocyte fusion.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

microvillus
type: Class
database: go

Microvillus membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Microvillar membrane
alias: microvillus membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding a microvillus.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Microvillus
related location: Cell projection

microvillus membrane
type: Class
database: go

Midbody
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Midbody derivative
alternative label: Midbody remnant
alias: Midbody
comment: The midbody is the central region of the thin intercellular cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells during cytokinesis. It consists of tightly bundled antiparallel microtubules, which embrace a phase-dense circular structure, called midbody ring. At the final stage of cytokinesis, the intercellular bridge is cleaved, in a process termed abscission, and two daughter cells are formed. Following abscission, the residual midbody structure, known as the midbody remnant or midbody derivative, can have different fates depending on the cell type. It can be either released to the extracellular medium, degraded by autophagy or persists in the cytoplasm, showing asymmetric accumulation in the daughter cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component

midbody
type: Class
database: go

Midbody ring
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Flemming body
alternative label: Stembody
alias: Midbody ring
comment: The midbody ring is the central region of the midbody characterized by a gap in alpha-tubulin staining, although interdigitating microtubules persist through the gap. It is thought that high local protein density masks tubulin epitopes known to be present. The midbody ring serves as a scaffold for a wide variety of structural and regulatory proteins required for completion of cytokinesis.
subclass of: Midbody
related location: Midbody

Flemming body
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion
type: Cellular Component
alias: Mitochondrion
comment: The mitochondrion is a semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelle that occurs in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. The size and coding capacity of the mitochondrial DNA varies considerably in different organisms, and encodes rRNAs, tRNAs and essential mitochondrial proteins.
subclass of: Cellular Component

mitochondrion
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitochondrial envelope
alias: Mitochondrion envelope
comment: The mitochondrial envelope comprises the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane including the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitochondrion

mitochondrial envelope
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Inner mitochondrial membrane
alternative label: Mitochondrial inner membrane
alias: Mitochondrion inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of a mitochondrion is the membrane which separates the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Mitochondrion membrane

mitochondrial inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitochondrial intermembrane space
alternative label: Mitochondrial periplasm
alternative label: Mitochondrial periplasmic space
alias: Mitochondrion intermembrane space
comment: The mitochondrial intermembrane space is the space between inner and outer mitochondrial membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitochondrion envelope

mitochondrial intermembrane space
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitochondrial matrix
alias: Mitochondrion matrix
comment: The matrix of a mitochondrion is the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane. Several of the steps in cellular respiration occur in the matrix due to its high concentration of enzymes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitochondrion

mitochondrial matrix
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitochondrial membrane
alias: Mitochondrion membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a mitochondrion. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer mitochondrial membrane.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Mitochondrion envelope

mitochondrial membrane
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion nucleoid
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitochondrial nucleoid
alternative label: Mitochromosome
alias: mitochondrion nucleoid
comment: The mitochondrial nucleoid is the mitochondrial pseudocompartment formed by the chromatin-dense area. This region, which is functionally equivalent to the eukaryotic nucleus, is not surrounded by a membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitochondrion matrix
related location: Mitochondrion matrix

mitochondrial nucleoid
type: Class
database: go

Mitochondrion outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitochondrial outer membrane
alternative label: Outer mitochondrial membrane
alias: Mitochondrion outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of a mitochondrion is the mitochondrial membrane facing the cytoplasm.
subclass of: Mitochondrion membrane

mitochondrial outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Mitosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Mitosome
comment: The mitosome is an organelle found in "amitochondrial" unicellular organisms which do not have the capability of gaining energy from oxidative phosphorylation. Mitosomes are almost certainly derived from mitochondria, they have a double membrane and most proteins are delivered to them by a targeting sequence. Unlike mitochondria, mitosomes do not contain any DNA. The mitosome functions in iron-sulphur cluster assembly.
subclass of: Cellular Component

mitosome
type: Class
database: go

Mitosome envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitosomal envelope
alias: Mitosome envelope
comment: The mitosomal envelope comprises the inner and outer mitosomal membrane including the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitosome

Mitosome inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Inner mitosomal membrane
alternative label: Mitosomal inner membrane
alias: Mitosome inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of a mitosome is the membrane which separates the mitosomal matrix from the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Mitosome membrane

Mitosome intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitosomal intermembrane space
alternative label: Mitosomal periplasm
alternative label: Mitosomal periplasmic space
alias: Mitosome intermembrane space
comment: The mitosomal intermembrane space is the space between inner and outer mitosomal membranes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitosome envelope

Mitosome matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitosomal matrix
alias: Mitosome matrix
comment: The matrix of a mitosome is the mitosomal internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Mitosome

Mitosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitosomal membrane
alias: Mitosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a mitosome. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer mitosomal membrane.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Mitosome envelope

Mitosome outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Mitosomal outer membrane
alternative label: Outer mitosomal membrane
alias: Mitosome outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of a mitosome is the mitosomal membrane facing the cytoplasm.
subclass of: Mitosome membrane

Multi-pass membrane protein
type: Topology
alternative label: Multipass
alternative label: Multi pass
alternative label: Multi-pass
alternative label: Multispan
alternative label: Multi span
alternative label: Polytopic membrane protein
alias: Multi-pass membrane protein
comment: Protein spanning the membrane more than once.
subclass of: Membrane

Multivesicular body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Corpuscula multivesicularis
alternative label: ECV
alternative label: Endosomal carrier vesicle
alternative label: Multivesicular bodies
alternative label: MVB
alias: multivesicular body
comment: The multivesicular bodies are a type of late endosome containing internal vesicles formed following the inward budding of the outer endosomal membrane. The contents of the MVBs are then released into the lysosome lumen. The proteins found in the limiting membrane of MVBs are recycled to other compartments.
subclass of: Late endosome
related location: Endosome

multivesicular body
type: Class
database: go

Multivesicular body lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Corpuscula multivesicularis lumen
alternative label: ECV lumen
alternative label: Endosomal carrier vesicle lumen
alternative label: Multivesicular bodies lumen
alternative label: MVB lumen
alias: multivesicular body lumen
comment: The multivesicular body compartment bounded by the membrane of the multivesicular bodies.
subclass of: Endosome lumen
part of: Multivesicular body
related location: Endosome

Multivesicular body membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Corpuscula multivesicularis membrane
alternative label: ECV membrane
alternative label: Endosomal carrier vesicle membrane
alternative label: Multivesicular bodies membrane
alternative label: MVB membrane
alias: multivesicular body membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the multivesicular bodies.
subclass of: Endosome membrane
part of: Multivesicular body
related location: Endosome

multivesicular body membrane
type: Class
database: go

Myelin membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Myelin
alternative label: Myelin sheath
alias: Myelin membrane
comment: The myelin membrane is the white matter coating our nerves, enabling them to conduct impulses between the brain and other parts of the body. It consists of a layer of proteins packed between two layers of lipids. This specialized cell membrane is produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Myelin sheaths wrap themselves around axons, the threadlike extensions of neurons that make up nerve fibers. Each oligodendrocyte can myelinate several axons. The major function of myelin is to increase the velocity of propagation of nerve impulses.
subclass of: Cell membrane

myelin sheath
type: Class
database: go

Myofibril
type: Cellular Component
alias: myofibril
comment: A myofibril is a long cylindrical organelle found in muscle cells formed by two transverse filament systems: the thick and thin filaments. The thin filament is composed primarily of actin; it is tethered at one end to the Z-disk, and it interdigitates with the thick filaments. The main constituent of the thick filament is myosin; the direction of the myosin heads changes polarity at the M-line, allowing interaction with the thin filaments anchored from the next adjacent Z-disk. A third and a fourth filament complex exist, comprising the giant proteins titin and nebulin.
subclass of: Sarcoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

myofibril
type: Class
database: go

Nematocyst
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cnidocyst
alias: Nematocyst
comment: The nematocyst is an organelle found in nematoblast (cnidoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the nematocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus. These proteins are principally found in anemones and jellyfishes.
subclass of: Cellular Component

nematocyst
type: Class
database: go

Neuron projection
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Neurite
alternative label: Neuronal process
alias: neuron projection
comment: Prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, such as an axon or a dendrite. Used when speaking of immature or developing neurons, especially of cells in culture, because it can be difficult to tell axons from dendrites before differentiation is complete.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

neuron projection
type: Class
database: go

Neuronal dense core vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Large dense-core vesicles
alternative label: Neuronal dense core granule
alternative label: Neuronal large dense-core vesicles
alias: neuronal dense core vesicle
comment: Dense core vesicle that is part of a neuron. Stores and releases neuropeptides (peptide neurotransmitters) and neurotrophins by exocytosis. Filled with cargo at the Golgi network, they are transported through axons and dendrites to the synapses where the release takes place. They can be found in all parts of neurons, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (varicosities) and synaptic terminals.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

neuronal dense core vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Neuronal dense core vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: neuronal dense core vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a neuronal dense core vesicle.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Neuronal dense core vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

neuronal dense core vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Nuclear body
type: Cellular Component
alias: nuclear body
comment: Nuclear body is a collective term for several nuclear, extra-nucleolar, non-membrane-bound sub-compartments, including, but not limited to Cajal bodies, Gemini of Cajal bodies (gems), nuclear speckles and PML bodies. Nuclear bodies are visible as distinct spots in the nucleoplasm. They can vary in number and size depending on the cell line and the type of nuclear body.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus
related location: Nucleus

nuclear body
type: Class
database: go

Nuclear pore complex
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: NPC
alternative label: Nuclear pore
alias: nuclear pore complex
comment: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) constitutes the exclusive means of nucleocytoplasmic transport in eukaryotes during interphase. NPCs allow the passive diffusion of ions and small molecules (up to about 20 kDa or 5 nm) and the active, nuclear transport receptor (karyopherin: importin and exportin)-mediated bidirectional transport of macromolecules such as proteins, RNAs, ribonucleoprotein (RNPs), and ribosomal subunits (up to about 10 MDa) across the double-membrane nuclear envelope. NPC components, collectively referred to as nucleoporins (NUPs), can play the role of both NPC structural components and of docking or interaction partners for transiently associated nuclear transport factors. The NPC is composed of at least 30 distinct subunits, shows 8-fold rotational symmetry with specialized structures on the cyto- and nucleoplasmic side and in the nuclear envelope embedded core. The MW varies from about 44-60 MDa in S. cerevisiae to 60-120 MDa in vertebrates, yet the overall architecture is conserved.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus envelope
related location: Nucleus

nuclear pore
type: Class
database: go

Nucleoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: nucleoid
comment: The nucleoid is the prokaryotic pseudocompartment formed by the chromatin-dense area. This region, which is functionally equivalent to the eukaryotic nucleus, is not surrounded by a membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

nucleoid
type: Class
database: go

Nucleolus
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nucleoli
alias: nucleolus
comment: The nucleolus is a non-membrane bound nuclear compartment found in eukaryotic cells which is the site of ribosome biogenesis. The interphase nucleolus is organized around the tandemly repeated genes for preribosomal RNA (rRNA). It is composed of at least 2 sub-compartments: the dense fibrillar component (DFC, also called pars fibrosa) and the granular component (GC or pars granulosa). The DFC contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA and a collection of proteins; the GC is made up of nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm. In most metazoans, but generally not in lower eukaryotes, a third component, the fibrillar center (FC), can be seen. Plant and animal nuclei can contain more than one nucleolus.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus
related location: Nucleus

nucleolus
type: Class
database: go

Nucleolus fibrillar center
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nucleoli fibrillar center
alias: nucleolus fibrillar center
comment: The nucleolus fibrillar center (FC) is a sub-compartment of most metazoan nucleoli. The transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes generates 2 structures that are found in all nucleoli: the dense fibrillar component (DFC) and the granular component (GC). The DFC contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA and a collection of proteins; the GC is made up of nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm. In most metazoans, but generally not in lower eukaryotes, a third component, the FC, can be seen. The FC is surrounded by the DFC. The zone of transcription from multiple copy rRNA genes is in the border region between these 2 structures.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleolus
related location: Nucleus

fibrillar center
type: Class
database: go

Nucleomorph
type: Cellular Component
alias: Nucleomorph
comment: Nucleomorphs are vestigial endosymbiont found in cryptomonads and chlorachniophytes algae. These organisms respectively retain an enslaved red or green algal nucleus.
subclass of: Cellular Component

nucleomorph
type: Class
database: go

Nucleoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Karyolymph
alternative label: Karyoplasm
alias: nucleoplasm
comment: The nucleoplasm is a highly viscous liquid contained within the nucleus that surrounds the chromosomes and other subnuclear organelles. A network of fibers known as the nuclear matrix can also be found in the nucleoplasm.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus
related location: Nucleus

nucleoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Nucleoplasmic side
type: Orientation
alias: Nucleoplasmic side
comment: Protein found mostly on the nucleoplasmic side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Nucleus
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear
alternative label: Nuclei
alias: Nucleus
comment: The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell. It is a membrane-bound organelle surrounded by double membranes which contains most of the cell's genetic material. It communicates with the surrounding cytosol via numerous nuclear pores.
subclass of: Cellular Component

nucleus
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Karyotheca
alternative label: Nuclear envelope
alternative label: Nucleolemma
alternative label: Perinuclear envelope
alias: Nucleus envelope
comment: The nuclear envelope is a membrane system which surrounds the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic cells. It is composed of the nuclear lamina, nuclear pore complexes and two nuclear membranes. The space between the two membranes is called the nuclear intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus

nuclear envelope
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Inner nuclear membrane
alternative label: Nuclear inner membrane
alias: Nucleus inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of the nucleus is the membrane which separates the nuclear matrix from the intermembrane space. In mammals, the inner nuclear membrane is associated with heterochromatin and the nuclear lamina.
subclass of: Nucleus membrane

nuclear inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear envelope lumen
alternative label: Nuclear intermembrane space
alternative label: Nuclear periplasm
alternative label: Nuclear periplasmic space
alternative label: Nucleus envelope lumen
alternative label: Perinuclear space
alias: Nucleus intermembrane space
comment: The nuclear intermembrane space is the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus envelope

nuclear envelope lumen
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus lamina
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear lamina
alias: Nucleus lamina
comment: The nuclear lamina is a meshwork of intermediate filament proteins called lamins and lamin-binding proteins that are embedded in the inner nuclear membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus envelope

nuclear lamina
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear matrix
alternative label: Nuclear scaffold
alternative label: Nuclear skeleton
alias: Nucleus matrix
comment: The nuclear matrix is a three-dimensional filamentous protein network, found in the nucleoplasm, which provides a structural framework for organising chromatin, while facilitating transcription and replication.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Nucleus

nuclear matrix
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear membrane
alias: Nucleus membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the nucleus. This term is used when it is not known if the protein is found in or associated with the inner or outer nuclear membrane.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Nucleus envelope

nuclear membrane
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear outer membrane
alternative label: Outer nuclear membrane
alias: Nucleus outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of the nucleus is the membrane facing the cytoplasm. In mammals, the outer nuclear membrane is continuous in many places with the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is dotted with ribosomes.
subclass of: Nucleus membrane

nuclear outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Nucleus speckle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: B snurposome
alternative label: IGC
alternative label: Interchromatin granules clusters
alternative label: Nuclear speck
alternative label: Nuclear speckle
alternative label: SF compartments
alternative label: Splicing Factor compartments
alternative label: Splicing speckle
alias: Nucleus speckle
comment: The nuclear speckles are small subnuclear membraneless organelles or structures, also called the splicing factor (SF) compartments that correspond to nuclear domains located in interchromatin regions of the nucleoplasm of mammalian cells. Protein found in speckles serves as a reservoir of factors that participate in transcription and pre-mRNA processing. Speckles appear, at the immunofluorescence-microscope level, as irregular, punctuate structures, which vary in size and shape. Usually 25-50 speckles are observed per interphase mammalian nucleus. At the electronic-microscope level, they are composed of heterogeneous mixture of electro-dense particles with diameters ranging from 20-25 nm and are called interchromatin granules clusters (IGCs). Speckles are dynamic structures. Both their protein and RNA-protein components can cycle continuously between speckles and other nuclear locations depending on the transcriptional state of the cell. Structures similar to nuclear speckles have been identified in the amphibian oocyte nucleus (called B snurposomes) and in Drosophila melanogaster embryos, but not in yeast.
subclass of: Nuclear body
part of: Nucleus

nuclear speck
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore
comment: The organellar chromatophore is the photosynthetic inclusion found in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba. It probably derives from a different endosymbiotic event than that which led to all other plastids. Houses the machinery necessary for photosynthesis and CO(2) fixation and may also be able to make a few amino acids, some fatty acids and a few cofactors. They are surrounded by 2 membranes, between which is found a residual peptidoglycan wall, and contain thylakoids.
subclass of: Plastid
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore inner membrane
comment: The organellar chromatophore inner membrane is the membrane which separates the chromatophore stroma from the intermembrane space. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid inner membrane
subclass of: Organellar chromatophore membrane
part of: Organellar chromatophore
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore intermembrane space
comment: The intermembrane space between the inner and the outer organellar chromatophore membranes. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid intermembrane space
part of: Organellar chromatophore
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore intermembrane space
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore membrane
comment: One of the membranes of an organellar chromatophore. This term is used when it is not known with which membrane (outer membrane, inner membrane or thylakoid) a protein is associated. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid membrane
part of: Organellar chromatophore
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore membrane
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore outer membrane
comment: The organellar chromatophore outer membrane is the organellar chromatophore membrane facing the cytoplasm. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid outer membrane
subclass of: Organellar chromatophore membrane
part of: Organellar chromatophore
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore stroma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Organellar chromatophore plasma
alias: organellar chromatophore stroma
comment: The internal space enclosed by the organellar chromatophore double membrane but excluding the thylakoid space. This space, filled with a colorless hydrophilic matrix, contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis; other biosynthetic functions that could also occur there include amino acid, fatty acid and some cofactor biosynthesis. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid stroma
part of: Organellar chromatophore
related location: Plastid

Organellar chromatophore thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore thylakoid
comment: The thylakoid of an organellar chromatophore is an internal system of interconnected membranes that carry the complexes for the light reactions of photosynthesis. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid
part of: Organellar chromatophore
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen
comment: The organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen is the compartment bounded by the thylakoid membrane. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid lumen
part of: Organellar chromatophore thylakoid
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore thylakoid lumen
type: Class
database: go

Organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane
comment: The organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane is an internal system of interconnected membranes that house the complexes which carry out the light reactions of photosynthesis. Found exclusively in Paulinella species, which are photosynthetic thecate amoeba.
subclass of: Plastid thylakoid membrane
part of: Organellar chromatophore thylakoid
related location: Plastid

organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane
type: Class
database: go

P-body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Cytoplasmic mRNA processing body
alternative label: DCP bodies
alternative label: Dcp body
alternative label: Gawky bodies
alternative label: Gawky body
alternative label: GW182 bodies
alternative label: GW182 body
alternative label: GWB
alternative label: GW bodies
alternative label: GW body
alternative label: mRNA-decay foci
alternative label: mRNA processing bodies
alternative label: mRNA processing body
alternative label: PB
alternative label: P bodies
alternative label: P-bodies
alternative label: P body
alternative label: Processing bodies
alternative label: Processing body
alias: P-body
comment: P-bodies are dynamic non-membrane bound cytoplasmic structures. These discrete foci function in mRNA decay (decapping and breakdown), RNA-mediated gene silencing (microRNA and siRNA-based gene silencing), mRNA surveillance (or quality control) and translational control. In addition to being sites of mRNA degradation, P-bodies can temporarily sequester mRNAs away from the translation machinery. P-bodies are present in unstressed cells, but are further induced in response to various stresses.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17183357
related location: Cytoplasm

P-body
type: Class
database: go

Paranodal septate junction
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Paranodal junction
alternative label: PSJ
alias: paranodal septate junction
comment: The paranodal septate junction (PSJ) in vertebrate species is an occluding complex which occurs between neurons and the glial cells that myelinate them, the oligodendrocytes and the Schwann cells. Each glial cell wraps around and contacts the neuron multiple times in a spiral pattern to form the paranodal loops. The paranodal loops tightly adhere to the axon through a continuous spiral of axo-glial junctions that resemble invertebrate septate junctions (SJs). The paranodal loops are a spiraled cytoplasmic channel that is contiguous with the perikaryon of the myelin forming cell and thus can serve as a conduit for transmitting axonally induced signals that could regulate glial gene transcription. These junctions also form a physical barrier that prevents diffusion of nodal sodium channels and juxtaparanodal potassium channels. Axo-glial paranodal junctions, therefore, share adhesion, diffusion barrier and putative intercellular communication functions with invertebrate SJs.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

paranodal junction
type: Class
database: go

Parasitophorous vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alias: Parasitophorous vacuole
comment: The parasitophorous vacuole is a vacuole found in the host cells where most apicomplexan parasites reside and develop. During host cell invasion, the apicomplexan parasites initiate the formation of a membrane (the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane), which surrounds the intracellular parasite.
subclass of: Cellular Component

symbiont-containing vacuole
type: Class
database: go

Parasitophorous vacuole lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Parasitophorous vacuolar lumen
alias: Parasitophorous vacuole lumen
comment: The parasitophorous vacuole compartment bounded by the membrane of the parasitophorous vacuole.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Parasitophorous vacuole

Parasitophorous vacuole membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Parasitophorous vacuolar membrane
alias: Parasitophorous vacuole membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the parasitophorous vacuole.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Parasitophorous vacuole

symbiont-containing vacuole membrane
type: Class
database: go

Peptidoglycan-anchor
type: Topology
alias: Peptidoglycan-anchor
comment: Surface protein of a Gram-positive bacteria anchored to the cell wall envelope by a transpeptidation mechanism which requires a C-terminal sorting signal with a conserved LPXTG motif. An amide bond is created between the carboxyl-group of the conserved threonine and the amino-group of peptidoglycan cross-bridges.
subclass of: Topology

Peribacteroid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: peribacteroid membrane
comment: Symbiosis leads to the formation of a new compartment in the plant cell when bacteria enter the plant cell by endocytosis, the symbiosome. This compartment harbours the bacteroids surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane (PMB) originating from the plant plasma membrane. The space between this membrane and the bacteroid membrane is called the peribacteroid space.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Symbiosome
related location: Symbiosome

peribacteroid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Peribacteroid space
type: Cellular Component
alias: peribacteroid space
comment: Symbiosis lead to the formation of a new compartment in the plant cell when bacteria enter the plant cell by endocytosis. This compartment harbours the bacteroids surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane (PMB) originating from the plant plasma membrane. The space between this membrane and the bacteroid membrane is called the peribacteroid space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Symbiosome
related location: Symbiosome

peribacteroid fluid
type: Class
database: go

Perikaryon
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: cell body
alternative label: Perikarya
alternative label: soma
alias: Perikaryon
comment: The perikaryon is the cell body of a neuron.
subclass of: Cellular Component

perikaryon
type: Class
database: go

Perinuclear region
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Nuclear periphery
alternative label: Perinuclear region of cytoplasm
alias: perinuclear region
comment: The perinuclear region is the cytoplasmic region just around the nucleus.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

perinuclear region of cytoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Perinuclear theca
type: Cellular Component
alias: perinuclear theca
comment: The perinuclear theca is a cytoskeletal structure that covers the nucleus of mammalian spermatozoa except for a narrow zone around the insertion of the tail. It shows two distinct regions, a subacrosomal layer or perforatorium and, continuing caudally beyond the acrosomic system, the postacrosomal sheath.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

perinuclear theca
type: Class
database: go

Peripheral membrane protein
type: Topology
alias: Peripheral membrane protein
comment: Protein that is physically associated with a membrane, via interactions with lipid headgroups at the membrane surface or with another membrane protein. Peripheral membrane proteins are typically bound to the membrane surface, but may dip slightly into the lipid bilayer. Peripheral membrane protein.
subclass of: Membrane

Periplasm
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Periplasmic space
alias: Periplasm
comment: The periplasm is the space between the inner and outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. In Gram-positive bacteria a smaller periplasmic space is found between the inner membrane and the peptidoglycan layer. Also used for the intermembrane spaces of fungi and organelles.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell envelope

periplasmic space
type: Class
database: go

Periplasmic flagellum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Endoflagellum
alternative label: Periplasmic fibril
alias: Periplasmic flagellum
comment: Spirochetes have a flagellum that resides inside the cell within the periplasmic space. The number of flagella varies from species to species. The rotation of these structures results in specific movements of the cell body, which in turn enable the locomotion of the cell. In particular they impart spirochetes the ability to propel themselves through viscous media that would inhibit the rotation of external flagellar filaments.
subclass of: Bacterial flagellum
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/15170401

periplasmic flagellum
type: Class
database: go

Periplasmic side
type: Orientation
alias: Periplasmic side
comment: Protein found mostly on the periplasmic side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Perispore
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Exosporium
alternative label: Perine
alias: perispore
comment: Protein found in the perispore. The perispore corresponds to the outer surface layer of mature bacterial spores and eukaryotic spores. The perispore, also called perine or exosporium, represents the primary contact surface between the spore and environment/host and is a site of spore antigens.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spore
related location: Spore

Peroxisome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Peroxisome
comment: The peroxisome is a small eukaryotic organelle limited by a single membrane, specialized for carrying out oxidative reactions. Contains mainly peroxidases, several other oxidases and catalase. The catalase regulates the contents of the produced toxic hydrogen peroxide thus protecting the cell. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids is another major function of peroxisomes. In plants and fungi this degradation occurs only in this cellular compartment.
subclass of: Cellular Component

peroxisome
type: Class
database: go

Peroxisome matrix
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Peroxisomal matrix
alias: Peroxisome matrix
comment: The matrix of a peroxisome is the area enclosed by the peroxisomal membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Peroxisome

peroxisomal matrix
type: Class
database: go

Peroxisome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Peroxisomal membrane
alias: Peroxisome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a peroxysome.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Peroxisome

peroxisomal membrane
type: Class
database: go

Phagocytic cup
type: Cellular Component
alias: phagocytic cup
comment: Cup-shaped invaginations of the cell membrane that subsequently close at their distal margins to form phagosomes during phagocytosis. By progression of its rim along the particle surface, this phagocytic cup envelops and eventually encloses the particle by separation of the phagosome membrane from the cell membrane. Filamentous actin accumulates between the outer and inner leaflet of the cup membrane and is most strongly enriched at the rim of the cup, the site of its protrusion.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

phagocytic cup
type: Class
database: go

Phagosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Phagocytic vesicle
alias: phagosome
comment: The phagosome is a phagocytic cell-specific compartment. These large endocytic membrane-bound vesicles form upon ingestion by the cell of extracellular materials.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

phagocytic vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Phagosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Phagocytic vesicle lumen
alternative label: Phagosomal lumen
alias: phagosome lumen
comment: The phagosomal compartment bounded by the membrane a phagosome.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: Phagosome
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

Phagosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Phagocytic vesicle membrane
alternative label: Phagosomal membrane
alias: phagosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a phagosome.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Phagosome
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

phagocytic vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Photoreceptor inner segment
type: Cellular Component
alias: Photoreceptor inner segment
comment: The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
subclass of: Cellular Component

photoreceptor inner segment
type: Class
database: go

Photoreceptor inner segment membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Photoreceptor inner segment membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor. SL Photoreceptor inner segment membrane. HI Membrane. HP Endomembrane system. HP .
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Photoreceptor inner segment

Photoreceptor outer segment
type: Cellular Component
alias: photoreceptor outer segment
comment: The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor that contains discs of photoreceptive membranes.
subclass of: Cilium
related location: Cell projection
related location: Cilium

photoreceptor outer segment
type: Class
database: go

Photoreceptor outer segment membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Photoreceptor outer segment membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Photoreceptor outer segment

Phragmoplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: phragmoplast
comment: The phragmoplast is a plant cell specific structure that forms during late cytokinesis. This complex assembly of microtubules, actin filaments and associated molecules acts as a framework for cell plate assembly and subsequent formation of the future cell wall separating the two daughter cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

phragmoplast
type: Class
database: go

Plasmodesma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PD
alternative label: Plasmodesmata
alias: plasmodesma
comment: The plasmodesma (plural plasmodesmata) is a plasma membrane-lined channel that crosses the cell wall between two adjacent plant cells and which allows a cytoplasmic exchange between the cells. It provides passage of ions and small molecules, but also of macromolecules such as RNA or proteins. Plasmodesmata are sheathed by a plasma membrane that is simply an extension of the cell membrane of the adjoining cells. Most plasmodesmata have a narrow cylindrical desmotubule at the center that is derived from the ER and appears to be continuous with the ER of both cells.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

plasmodesma
type: Class
database: go

Plastid
type: Cellular Component
alias: Plastid
comment: The plastid is a semi-autonomous, self-reproducing organelle. Plastids are remnants of a photosynthetic organism that was engulfed by the host, although not all are now photosynthetic. Plastid genomes encode genes for rRNAs, tRNAs and between about 28 and 150 proteins. Plastids can be categorized in 4 main groups: chloroplasts, cyanelles, apicoplasts and non-photosynthetic. The latter are found is some land plants (Epifagus virginiana), chlorophyte algae (Prototheca wickerhamii) and euglenoids (Astasis longa), which do not encode the genes necessary for photosynthesis and so are not photosynthetic but still contain a plastid. Non-photosynthetic plastids probably do not contain thylakoids.
subclass of: Cellular Component

plastid
type: Class
database: go

Plastid envelope
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastidic envelope
alias: Plastid envelope
comment: The envelope of a plastid comprises the inner and outer plastid membrane including the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Plastid

plastid envelope
type: Class
database: go

Plastid inner membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Inner plastidic membrane
alternative label: Inner plastid membrane
alternative label: Plastidic inner membrane
alias: Plastid inner membrane
comment: The inner membrane of a plastid separates the plastid stroma from the intermembrane space.
subclass of: Plastid membrane

plastid inner membrane
type: Class
database: go

Plastid intermembrane space
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastidic intermembrane space
alias: Plastid intermembrane space
comment: The plastid intermembrane space is the space between the plastid inner and outer membranes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Plastid envelope

plastid intermembrane space
type: Class
database: go

Plastid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastidic membrane
alias: Plastid membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding or within a plastid. Also used when it is not clear in which plastid membrane (outer membrane, inner membrane or thylakoid) a protein is found.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Plastid envelope

plastid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Plastid nucleoid
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastidic nucleoid
alias: plastid nucleoid
comment: The plastid nucleoid is the plastidic pseudocompartment formed by the chromatin-dense area. This region, which is functionally equivalent to the eukaryotic nucleus, is not surrounded by a membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Plastid stroma
related location: Plastid stroma

plastid nucleoid
type: Class
database: go

Plastid outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Outer plastidic membrane
alternative label: Outer plastid membrane
alternative label: Plastidic outer membrane
alias: Plastid outer membrane
comment: The outer membrane of a plastid is the membrane facing the cytoplasm.
subclass of: Plastid membrane

plastid outer membrane
type: Class
database: go

Plastid stroma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastidic stroma
alias: Plastid stroma
comment: The stroma of a plastid is the internal space enclosed by the plastid double membrane but excluding the thylakoid space. This space, filled with a colorless hydrophilic matrix.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Plastid

plastid stroma
type: Class
database: go

Plastid thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastidic thylakoid
alias: Plastid thylakoid
comment: The thylakoid of a plastid is an internal system of interconnected membranes found within a plastid.
subclass of: Thylakoid
part of: Plastid

plastid thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Plastid thylakoid lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastid thylakoidal lumen
alias: Plastid thylakoid lumen
comment: The plastid thylakoid lumen is the plastid compartment bounded by the thylakoid membranes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Plastid thylakoid

plastid thylakoid lumen
type: Class
database: go

Plastid thylakoid membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Plastid thylakoidal membrane
alias: Plastid thylakoid membrane
comment: The thylakoid membranes of a plastid is an internal system of interconnected membranes found in a plastid.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Plastid thylakoid

plastid thylakoid membrane
type: Class
database: go

Plastoglobule
type: Cellular Component
alias: plastoglobule
comment: A plastoglobule is a conspicuous lipid-containing structure in the chloroplast stroma thought to serve as lipid reservoirs for thylakoid membranes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Chloroplast
related location: Plastid
related location: Chloroplast

plastoglobule
type: Class
database: go

PML body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Kremer body
alternative label: ND10
alternative label: Nuclear domains-10
alternative label: PML-NB
alternative label: PML-nuclear body
alternative label: PML oncogenic domain
alternative label: Promyelocytic leukaemia nuclear body
alternative label: Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear body
alias: PML body
comment: The PML bodies are dynamic nuclear protein aggregates interspersed between chromatin. These punctate nuclear structures are call PML bodies because the PML gene is essential for their formation. These discrete nuclear foci, 0.2-1.0 micrometer wide, are present in most mammalian cell nuclei and typically number 1 to 30 bodies per nucleus, depending on the cell type, cell-cycle phase and differentiation stage. Recent evidence implies that, although they appear to be uniform, PML-NBs are structurally and functionally heterogeneous and are dynamic structures.
subclass of: Nuclear body
part of: Nucleus
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17928811
related location: Nucleus

PML body
type: Class
database: go

Podosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: podosome
comment: The podosome is a ring-like cell protrusion which mediates cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Podosomes are composed of an actin-bundle core, flanked by a ring containing adhesion proteins connected to the core via dome-like radial actin fibers. Podosomes are rich in actin filaments, matrix-degrading enzymes, focal adhesion molecules and molecules involved in vesicle trafficking. These structures protrudes into the extracellular matrix and are essential for invasion and metastasis. Classical podosomes are highly dynamic structures formed by cell types of monocytic origin, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and osteoclasts.
subclass of: Cell junction
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

podosome
type: Class
database: go

Podosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Podosomal membrane
alias: podosome membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding a podosome.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Podosome
related location: Cell projection

Pollen coat
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Pollenkitt
alias: pollen coat
comment: The relatively impermeable, lipidic layer which surrounds the outer exine layer of a pollen grain.
subclass of: Extracellular matrix
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space
related location: Extracellular matrix

pollen coat
type: Class
database: go

Porosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: porosome
comment: The porosome is an actin-regulated dynamic structure at the cell membrane, where membrane-bound secretory vesicles dock and fuse to release their contents.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
related location: Cell membrane

porosome
type: Class
database: go

Postsynapse
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Post-synapse
alternative label: Postsynaptic region
alternative label: Postsynaptic terminal
alias: Postsynapse
comment: The receiving part of a synapse which contains the neurotransmitter-receptor scaffold and signaling machinery to respond to signals from the presynaptic cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Synapse

postsynapse
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Postsynaptic membrane
alias: Postsynaptic cell membrane
comment: In a chemical synapse, specialized area of the membrane that receives a signal (binds neurotransmitter) from the presynaptic cell and responds via depolarization or hyperpolarization. The postsynaptic membrane is separated from the presynaptic membrane by the synaptic cleft.
subclass of: Synaptic cell membrane
part of: Postsynapse

postsynaptic membrane
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic density
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Postsynaptic specialization
alternative label: PSD
alias: Postsynaptic density
comment: The postsynaptic density is a network of proteins within and adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane, consisting of anchoring and scaffolding molecules, signaling enzymes and cytoskeletal components that spatially and functionally organize the neurotransmitter receptors at the synapse. In asymmetric synapses, the postsynaptic density is a thick electron dense network but in symmetric synapses this structure is thinner and not electron dense.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Postsynapse

postsynaptic density
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic density membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Postsynaptic density membrane
comment: The membrane component of the postsynaptic specialization. Part of the postsynaptic membrane attached to the postsynaptic density in which the population of neurotransmitter receptors involved in synaptic transmission are concentrated and organized.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Postsynaptic cell membrane
part of: Postsynaptic density

postsynaptic density membrane
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic early endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Postsynaptic early endosome
comment: An early endosome of the postsynapse. It acts as the major sorting station on the endocytic pathway, targeting neurotransmitter receptors for degredation or recycling.
subclass of: Early endosome
part of: Postsynaptic endosome

postsynaptic early endosome
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic early endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Postsynaptic early endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a postsynaptic early endosome
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Postsynaptic early endosome

Postsynaptic endocytic zone
type: Cellular Component
alias: Postsynaptic endocytic zone
comment: Stably positioned sites of clathrin adjacent to the postsynaptic density (PSD). The physical link with the PSD ensures localized endocytosis and recycling by recapturing and maintaining a proximate pool of cycling postsynaptic receptors.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Postsynapse

postsynaptic endocytic zone
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic endosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: postsynaptic endosome
alias: Postsynaptic endosome
comment: An endosomal compartment that is part of the postsynapse. The endosomal pathway in postsynapses and dendrites is essential for membrane receptor trafficking and proper synaptic function and plasticity. Only early and recycling endosomes are typically present in the postsynapse.
subclass of: Endosome
part of: Postsynapse

postsynaptic endosome
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic recycling endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Postsynaptic recycling endosome
comment: A recycling endosome of the postsynapse. It is involved in recycling of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic membrane and serves as intracellular reserve pools of neurotransmitter receptors. In some cases at least, this recycling is activated by postsynaptic signalling and so can play a role in long term potentiation.
subclass of: Recycling endosome
subclass of: Postsynaptic endosome
part of: Postsynapse

postsynaptic recycling endosome
type: Class
database: go

Postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a postsynaptic recycling endosome
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Postsynaptic recycling endosome

Preautophagosomal structure
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PAS
alternative label: Phagophore assembly site
alternative label: Pre-autophagosomal structure
alias: Preautophagosomal structure
comment: The pre-autophagosomal structure is the potential site of organization for autophagosome formation located near the vacuole.
subclass of: Cellular Component

phagophore assembly site
type: Class
database: go

Preautophagosomal structure membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PAS membrane
alternative label: Pre-autophagosomal structure membrane
alias: Preautophagosomal structure membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the pre-autophagosomal structure.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Preautophagosomal structure

phagophore assembly site membrane
type: Class
database: go

Presynapse
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Axon terminal
alternative label: Pre-synapse
alternative label: Presynaptic bouton
alternative label: Presynaptic region
alternative label: Presynaptic terminal
alias: Presynapse
comment: In the synapse, the specialized axon's terminal end of the presynaptic cell that contains the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Synapse
part of: Axon

presynapse
type: Class
database: go

Presynaptic active zone
type: Cellular Component
alias: Presynaptic active zone
comment: The active zone is the region that lies at the interface between the presynaptic terminal and the synaptic cleft and mediates neurotransmitter release. Consists of an electron dense protein network called the cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) that is tightly anchored to the presynaptic membrane, and precisely aligned with post-synaptic receptors. CAZ docks and fuses synaptic vesicles, recruits voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels to the presynaptic membrane to allow fast synchronous excitation/release coupling and mediates short- and long-term presynaptic plasticity.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Presynapse

presynaptic active zone
type: Class
database: go

Presynaptic active zone membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Presynaptic active zone membrane
comment: The membrane portion of the presynaptic active zone that allows presynaptic vesicles to dock, fuse, and, ultimately, release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Presynaptic cell membrane
part of: Presynaptic active zone

presynaptic active zone membrane
type: Class
database: go

Presynaptic cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Presynaptic membrane
alias: Presynaptic cell membrane
comment: In a chemical synapse, the presynaptic membrane is the cell membrane of an axon terminal that faces the receiving cell. The postsynaptic membrane is separated from the presynaptic membrane by the synaptic cleft.
subclass of: Synaptic cell membrane
part of: Presynapse

presynaptic membrane
type: Class
database: go

Presynaptic endocytic zone
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Periactive zone
alternative label: Peri-active zone
alias: Presynaptic endocytic zone
comment: Region of the presynaptic membrane and underlying cytoplasm that surrounds the active zone and where synaptic vesicles are endocytosed and recycled following release.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Presynapse

presynaptic endocytic zone
type: Class
database: go

Presynaptic endosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Presynaptic endosome
comment: An endosome present in the presynapse that fuses with endocytic vesicles arising in the presynaptic endocytic zone. Presynaptic endosomes are involved on synaptic vesicle regeneration in GABAergic synapses at least, even if different modes of synaptic vesicles recycling exist depending on the type of synapse.
subclass of: Endosome
part of: Presynapse

presynaptic endosome
type: Class
database: go

Prevacuolar compartment
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PVC
alias: Prevacuolar compartment
comment: The prevacuolar compartment is an endocytic multivesiculate compartment involved in Golgi-vacuole trafficking.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Prevacuolar compartment lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PVC lumen
alias: Prevacuolar compartment lumen
comment: The PVC compartment bounded by the membrane of the PVC.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Prevacuolar compartment

Prevacuolar compartment membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PVC membrane
alias: Prevacuolar compartment membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the prevacuolar compartment.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Prevacuolar compartment

Primary cell wall
type: Cellular Component
alias: primary cell wall
comment: Trimary cell wall is the first-formed wall layer of still growing plant cells (at least potentially). This wall is part of the apoplast which itself is largely self-contiguous and contains everything that is located between the plasma membrane and the cuticle. Primary walls are composed predominantly of polysaccharides, smaller proportions of glycoproteins and, in some specialized cell types, various noncarbohydrate substances such as lignin, suberin, cutin, cutan or silica. It is strong but usually thin, flexible, and capable of both plastic and elastic extension. It governs the rate and direction of cell expansion, and thus the ultimate size and shape of the cell.
subclass of: Cell wall
related location: Secreted

primary cell wall
type: Class
database: go

Prolamellar body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Etioplast prolamellar body
alias: prolamellar body
comment: The prolamellar body is a paracrystalline lattice found in the plastids of etiolated plants (etioplasts). Upon greening it gives rise to thylakoids.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Etioplast
related location: Plastid
related location: Etioplast

etioplast prolamellar body
type: Class
database: go

Prospore
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore
alias: Prospore
comment: The prospore or immature spore is formed during sporulation by the engulfment of the post-meiotic nuclei by the prospore double membrane. These prospores are then maturated into spores with the synthesis of the spore wall.
subclass of: Cellular Component

ascospore-type prospore
type: Class
database: go

Prospore membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Prespore membrane
alias: Prospore membrane
comment: The prospore membrane is a double membrane which forms at the spindle pole body outer plaque during the second meiotic division of the sporulation process. The prospore membrane grows larger and finally engulfs the post-meiotic nuclei to form immature spores called prospores. The de novo synthesis of the spore wall occurs in the prospore intermembrane space and leads to mature spores.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Prospore

prospore membrane
type: Class
database: go

Protein storage vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: PSV
alternative label: Storage vacuole
alias: Protein storage vacuole
comment: The protein storage vacuole (PSV) is a specialized vacuole where storage proteins accumulate. These act as a source of amino acids for various SYnthetic activities.
subclass of: Vacuole

protein storage vacuole
type: Class
database: go

Protein storage vacuole lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Protein storage vacuolar lumen
alias: Protein storage vacuole lumen
comment: The protein storage vacuolar compartment bounded by the membrane of the protein storage vacuole.
subclass of: Vacuole lumen
part of: Protein storage vacuole

protein storage vacuole lumen
type: Class
database: go

Protein storage vacuole membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Protein storage vacuolar membrane
alias: Protein storage vacuole membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a protein storage vacuole.
subclass of: Vacuole membrane
part of: Protein storage vacuole

protein storage vacuole membrane
type: Class
database: go

Protoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alias: Protoplasm
comment: The protoplasm is the viscid, translucent, polyphasic colloid with water as the continuous phase that makes up the essential material of all plant and animal cells. It is composed mainly of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and inorganic salts. The protoplasm surrounding the nucleus is known as the cytoplasm and that composing the nucleus is the nucleoplasm.
subclass of: Cellular Component

intracellular anatomical structure
type: Class
database: go

Pseudopodium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Pseudopod
alternative label: Pseudopodia
alias: pseudopodium
comment: The pseudopodium is a thick knobby cell protrusion. Pseudopodia are produced by polymerization of extensive dendritic meshwork of actin filaments along broad sectors of the cell surface. These temporary irregular and dynamic protrusion or retractile processes of a cell, are associated with ameboid movement (crawling). Pseudopodium, or "false foot", mostly used for motile protozoans is comparable to the 'lamellipodium' in vertebrate cells.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

pseudopodium
type: Class
database: go

Pseudopodium membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: pseudopodium membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Pseudopodium
related location: Cell projection

pseudopodium membrane
type: Class
database: go

Pseudopodium tip
type: Cellular Component
alias: pseudopodium tip
comment: The end of the pseudopodium distal to the body of the cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Pseudopodium
related location: Cell projection

Recycling endosome
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Endosomal recycling compartment
alternative label: ERC
alias: Recycling endosome
comment: The recycling endosome is a membrane network composed of narrow diameters tubules which concentrate in the vicinity of the microtubule organizing center. Recycling receptors after release of their ligands accumulate in those membranes which are devoid of fluid markers. Recycling endosomes may be an intermediate station for receptors before recycling back to the cell surface.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endosome

recycling endosome
type: Class
database: go

Recycling endosome lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Recycling endosomal lumen
alias: Recycling endosome lumen
comment: The recycling endosomal compartment bounded by the membrane of the recycling endosome.
subclass of: Endosome lumen
part of: Recycling endosome

recycling endosome lumen
type: Class
database: go

Recycling endosome membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Recycling endosomal membrane
alias: Recycling endosome membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the recycling endosomes.
subclass of: Endosome membrane
part of: Recycling endosome

recycling endosome membrane
type: Class
database: go

Rhoptry
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Rhoptries
alias: rhoptry
comment: The rhoptry is an Apicomplexan parasite organelle. Apicomplexa are named for the unique set of morphologically distinct secretory organelles (refered to as the apical complex)- micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules - whose sequential secretion is required for the invasion of host cells. Rhoptries are twin, membrane-bound, pear-shaped organelles that secrete proteins through their elongated necks at the apical tip of the parasite.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

rhoptry
type: Class
database: go

Rhoptry lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: rhoptry lumen
comment: The rhoptry compartment bounded by the membrane of a rhoptry.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle lumen
part of: Rhoptry
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

rhoptry lumen
type: Class
database: go

Rhoptry membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: rhoptry membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a rhoptry.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Rhoptry
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

rhoptry membrane
type: Class
database: go

Rough endoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: RER
alternative label: Rough ER
alias: Rough endoplasmic reticulum
comment: The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is the portion of the ER which is covered with ribosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen
comment: The rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen is the area enclosed by the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
subclass of: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
part of: Rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Class
database: go

Rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
subclass of: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
part of: Rough endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Ruffle
type: Cellular Component
alias: ruffle
comment: A ruffle is a cell protrusion at the leading edge of a crawling cell. Ruffles are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

ruffle
type: Class
database: go

Ruffle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: ruffle membrane
comment: The portion of the cell membrane surrounding a ruffle.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Ruffle
related location: Cell projection

ruffle membrane
type: Class
database: go

S-layer
type: Cellular Component
alias: S-layer
comment: The S-layer is a paracrystalline protein thin layer attached to the outermost portion of the cell wall. Found in some bacteria and common in archaea where it can constitute the only cell wall structure outside the plasma membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, the S-layer is directly attached to the outer membrane. In Gram-positive bacteria, the S-layer is attached to the peptidoglycan layer. The S-layer may protect the cell from aggressions such as phagocytosis, harmful enzymes, etc. It also allows bacteria to adhere to host cells or other environmental surfaces and to maintain shape and envelope rigidity.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell wall
related location: Secreted
related location: Cell wall

S-layer
type: Class
database: go

Sarcolemma
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Myolemma
alias: sarcolemma
comment: The sarcolemma is a specialized membrane which surrounds striated muscle fiber cells. It consists of a lipid bilayer typical of a plasma membrane and a thin outer coat of polysaccharide material, called glycocalyx, that contacts the basement membrane and allows the cell to anchor into the tissues that build and support muscle fibers.
subclass of: Cell membrane
related location: Cell membrane

sarcolemma
type: Class
database: go

Sarcomere
type: Cellular Component
alias: sarcomere
comment: The sarcomere represents the basal contractile unit of striated muscles. A single myofibril is composed of these short structural units arranged end to end, which contract due to the relative sliding of thick (myosin) over thin (actin) filaments. The mammalian sarcomere is ~ 2 mm in length, and can shorten to ~ 70% of its original length during contraction. Structural features of the sarcomere include bundles of parallel thick and thin filaments assembled by two transverse structures, the Z lines and M lines. The Z lines and the M lines are connected by transverse filaments to the sarcolemma or to the neighboring myofibrils. Sarcomeres give to skeletal and cardiac muscles their striated appearance with I bands surrounding the Z lines, followed by A bands. The A bands contain a paler region called the H zone and in the middle the M line.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Myofibril
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Myofibril

sarcomere
type: Class
database: go

Sarcoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alias: sarcoplasm
comment: The sarcoplasm is the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber or muscle cell or myofiber.
subclass of: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoplasm

sarcoplasm
type: Class
database: go

Sarcoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alias: Sarcoplasmic reticulum
comment: The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a highly specialized form of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum which is dedicated to the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. The SR can be subdivided in at least two well-characterized regions: the terminal cisternae, where the calcium ions are released, and the longitudinal tubules specialized in the uptake of the calcium ions.
subclass of: Cellular Component

sarcoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
comment: The lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum is the area enclosed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Sarcoplasmic reticulum

sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Class
database: go

Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR).
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Sarcoplasmic reticulum

sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Secondary cell wall
type: Cellular Component
alias: secondary cell wall
comment: In some plants, and cell types after a maximum size or point in development has been reached, a secondary wall, often layered, is constructed below the primary wall. Unlike the primary wall, it losts plasticity and is made usually of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
subclass of: Cell wall
related location: Secreted

secondary cell wall
type: Class
database: go

Secreted
type: Cellular Component
alias: Secreted
comment: Protein located outside the cell membrane(s).
subclass of: Cellular Component

extracellular region
type: Class
database: go

Secretory vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Secretory granule
alias: secretory vesicle
comment: The secretory vesicle is a vesicle that mediates the vesicular transport of cargo - e.g. hormones or neurotransmitters - from an organelle to specific sites at the cell membrane, where it docks and fuses to release its content. It has been demonstrated that membrane-bound secretory vesicles dock and fuse at porosomes, which are specialized supramolecular structures at the cell membrane.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

transport vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Secretory vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Secretory granule lumen
alias: secretory vesicle lumen
comment: The secretory vesicle compartment bounded by the membrane of the secretory vesicle.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen
part of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

Secretory vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Secretory granule membrane
alias: secretory vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding secretory vesicles.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
part of: Secretory vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle

transport vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Septate junction
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Paired septate junction
alternative label: Pleated septate junction
alternative label: SJ
alias: septate junction
comment: The septate junction (SJ) in invertebrates is an occluding complex located basolateral to the adherens junction which have regularly spaced septa bridging a circa 15-nm intercellular space. SJs form the paracellular barrier that regulates passage of solutes through the spaces between adjacent cells in an epithelium for proper nutrient absorption or secretion.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

septate junction
type: Class
database: go

Single-pass membrane protein
type: Topology
alternative label: Singlepass
alternative label: Single pass
alternative label: Single-pass
alternative label: Singlespan
alternative label: Single span
alias: Single-pass membrane protein
comment: Protein spanning the membrane once.
subclass of: Membrane

Single-pass type I membrane protein
type: Topology
alternative label: Singlepass
alternative label: Single pass
alternative label: Single-pass
alternative label: Singlespan
alternative label: Single span
alias: Single-pass type I membrane protein
comment: Protein spanning the membrane once, with its N-terminus on the extracellular side of the membrane and removal of its signal sequence.
subclass of: Single-pass membrane protein

Single-pass type II membrane protein
type: Topology
alternative label: Singlepass
alternative label: Single pass
alternative label: Single-pass
alternative label: Singlespan
alternative label: Single span
alias: Single-pass type II membrane protein
comment: Protein spanning the membrane once, with its N-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The transmembrane domain is located close to the N-terminus and it functions as an anchor.
subclass of: Single-pass membrane protein

Single-pass type III membrane protein
type: Topology
alternative label: Singlepass
alternative label: Single pass
alternative label: Single-pass
alternative label: Singlespan
alternative label: Single span
alias: Single-pass type III membrane protein
comment: Protein spanning the membrane once, with its N-terminus on the extracellular side of the membrane and no signal sequence.
subclass of: Single-pass membrane protein

Single-pass type IV membrane protein
type: Topology
alternative label: Singlepass
alternative label: Single pass
alternative label: Single-pass
alternative label: Singlespan
alternative label: Single span
alias: Single-pass type IV membrane protein
comment: Protein spanning the membrane once, with its N-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. The transmembrane domain is located close to the C-terminus and it functions as an anchor.
subclass of: Single-pass membrane protein

Slime layer
type: Cellular Component
alias: slime layer
comment: The slime layer is an easily removed, diffuse, unorganized layer of extracellular material which surrounds the bacterial cell. It is usually composed of polysaccharides and it may serve to trap nutrients, to aid in cell motility, to bind cells together or to adhere to smooth surfaces. Slime layers are a more-diffuse glycocalyx than capsules.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Secreted
related location: Secreted

slime layer
type: Class
database: go

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: SER
alternative label: Smooth ER
alias: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
comment: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is the portion of the ER which is free of ribosomes.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum
type: Class
database: go

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen
comment: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen is the area enclosed by the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane.
subclass of: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen
part of: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen
type: Class
database: go

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
subclass of: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane
part of: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
type: Class
database: go

Spindle
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Meiotic spindle
alternative label: Mitotic apparatus
alternative label: Mitotic spindle
alias: spindle
comment: The spindle is a specialized microtubule structure designed to attach and capture chromosomes in order to partition them evenly to each daughter cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

spindle
type: Class
database: go

Spindle pole
type: Cellular Component
alias: spindle pole
comment: Either of the ends of a spindle, a specialized microtubule structure designed to attach and capture chromosomes in order to partition them evenly to each daughter cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spindle
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

spindle pole
type: Class
database: go

Spindle pole body
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: SPB
alternative label: Spindle polar body
alias: spindle pole body
comment: The spindle pole body is the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in fungi, functionally equivalent to the animal cell centrosome. The SPB is responsible for the nucleation and organisation of microtubules. This may include the spindle microtubules required for chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis as well as the cytoplasmic interphase microtubules.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Microtubule organizing center
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton
related location: Microtubule organizing center

spindle pole body
type: Class
database: go

Spine apparatus
type: Cellular Component
alias: spine apparatus
comment: Specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum found in a subpopulation of dendritic spines in central neurons consisting of two or more closely apposed lamellae with interspersed electron dense material.
subclass of: Endoplasmic reticulum
part of: Dendritic spine
part of: Postsynapse
related location: Endoplasmic reticulum

spine apparatus
type: Class
database: go

Spore
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Ascospore
alternative label: Basidiospore
alternative label: Chlamydospore
alternative label: Megaspore
alternative label: Microspore
alternative label: Teliospore
alternative label: Tetraspore
alternative label: Zoospore
alias: Spore
comment: Spores are hardy unicellular units used by various bacteria, fungi, plants and protozoa to allow them to remain dormant during long periods of time and under often unfavorable conditions.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Spore coat
type: Cellular Component
alias: Spore coat
comment: Protein found in the spore coat. The spore coat is the thick layer found beneath the perispore of some eukaryotic spores and bacterial mature spores. It is made up of highly cross-linked keratin and layers of specific proteins. The coat is composed of several electron-dense and lamella-like layers, differing between species.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spore

Spore core
type: Cellular Component
alias: Spore core
comment: Protein found in the spore core. The core also called spore matrix is the central part of the spore and contains normal cell structures, such as DNA, proteins and ribosomes, but is metabolically inactive.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spore

Spore cortex
type: Cellular Component
alias: Spore cortex
comment: Protein found in the spore cortex. The spore cortex is a loosely cross-linked peptidoglycan layer localized between the spore core and the outer membrane or cortex membrane of bacterial mature spores. The cortex maintains heat resistance and dormancy.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spore

endospore cortex
type: Class
database: go

Spore membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Spore inner membrane
alias: Spore membrane
comment: Protein associated with the membrane that surrounds the center or core of a spore, often called spore inner membrane in bacterial spores.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Spore

Spore outer membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Spore outer membrane
comment: Protein associated with the spore outer membrane. The outer membrane, also called the cortex membrane, is a membrane localized between the cortex and the inner layer of the coat of bacterial mature spores.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Spore

outer endospore membrane
type: Class
database: go

Spore polar tube
type: Cellular Component
alias: Spore polar tube
comment: The polar tube is a highly specialised structure unique to Microsporidia and required for host cell invasion. In the spore, the polar tube is connected at the anterior end, and then coils around the sporoplasm. Upon appropriate environmental stimulation, the polar tube rapidly discharges out of the spore, pierces a cell membrane and serves as a conduit for sporoplasm passage into the new host cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spore

polar tube
type: Class
database: go

Spore wall
type: Cellular Component
alias: Spore wall
comment: Protein found in the spore wall. The spore wall is the main element of the spore's resistance to environmental stress. It is usually composed of several layers of different sugar polymers like mannans and glucans which are associated to glycoproteins. The composition, structure and number of layers are very different between bacteria, plants, protozoans or fungi.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Spore

spore wall
type: Class
database: go

Stereocilium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Stereocilia
alias: stereocilium
comment: The stereocilium is a finger-like projection forming the hair bundle on the apical surface of sensory hair cells in the cochlea. Stereocilia stiffness and function depend on the several hundreds of uniformly polarized and tightly cross-linked actin filaments. Stereocilia cytoskeleton shows continuous turnover with actin filament assembly occuring at the stereocilium tip and its disassembly at the base so that stereocilium length is maintained in a dynamic steady-state. This staircase-like bundle of stereocilia is responsible for mechanosensation and ultimately the perception of sound.
subclass of: Cell projection
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/17326148
related location: Cell projection

stereocilium
type: Class
database: go

Stereocilium membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Stereocilia membrane
alias: stereocilium membrane
comment: The stereocilium membrane is the portion of the cell membrane surrounding a stereocilium.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cell membrane
part of: Stereocilium
related location: Cell projection

stereocilium membrane
type: Class
database: go

Stress fiber
type: Cellular Component
alias: stress fiber
comment: Stress fibers are contractile actomyosin bundles found in non-muscle cells, in eukaryotes, mostly in animals. They are composed of bundles of 10 to 30 actin filaments (microfilaments), crosslinked by alpha-actinin, and non-muscle myosin. They are often anchored to focal adhesions, that connect the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton. Stress fibers play an essential role in cell contractility, governing cell morphology, adhesion, and migration. In non-motile cells, stress fibers are usually thick and relatively stable. By contrast, highly motile cells typically contain fewer, thinner and more dynamic stress fibers. Stress fibers can be divided into at least 4 different categories : dorsal and ventral stress fibers, transverse arcs and the perinuclear actin cap.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Cytoskeleton
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Cytoskeleton

Stress granule
type: Cellular Component
alias: Stress granule
comment: Stress granules are dense non-membrane bound aggregations in the cytosol composed of proteins and RNAs that appear when the cell is under stress. The aggregates are mostly composed of stalled translation initiation complexes. They are 100-200 nm in size. Stress granules can also precipitate the formation of toxic protein aggregates such as those seen during the progression of certain types of neurological disease.
subclass of: Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule
related location: Cytoplasm

cytoplasmic stress granule
type: Class
database: go

Stromal side
type: Orientation
alias: Stromal side
comment: Protein found mostly on the stromal side of the membrane.
subclass of: Orientation

Surface film
type: Cellular Component
alias: surface film
comment: The film of pulmonary surfactants which cover the alveolar surface of the mammalian lung. These surfactants are composed of 90% phospholipids and 10% proteins.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Extracellular space
related location: Secreted
related location: Extracellular space

Symbiosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: Symbiosome
comment: Symbiosis lead to the formation of a new compartment in the plant cell when bacteria enter the plant cell by endocytosis, the symbiosome. This compartment harbours the bacteroids surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane (PMB) originating from the plant plasma membrane. The space between this membrane and the bacteroid membrane is called the peribacteroid space.
subclass of: Cellular Component

symbiosome
type: Class
database: go

Symplast
type: Cellular Component
alias: Symplast
comment: The symplast is a highly ordered and connected space within plants formed by the cytoplasms of individual cells connected by plasmodesmata. The symplast is held in place by a rigid framework, the apoplast.
subclass of: Cellular Component

symplast
type: Class
database: go

Synapse
type: Cellular Component
alias: Synapse
comment: Synapses are the communicating cell-cell junctions that allow signals to pass from a nerve cell to a target cell. In a chemical synapse, the signal is carried by a neurotransmitter which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates a receptor on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, neuronal axon, a specialized region of a muscle or a secretory cell. In an electrical synapse, a direct connection is made between the cytoplasms of two cells via gap junctions.
subclass of: Cellular Component

synapse
type: Class
database: go

Synaptic cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Synaptic cell membrane
comment: A specialized area of membrane on either the presynaptic or the postsynaptic side of a synapse, the junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
subclass of: Cell membrane
part of: Synapse

synaptic membrane
type: Class
database: go

Synaptic cleft
type: Cellular Component
alias: Synaptic cleft
comment: The narrow space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes into which neurotransmitters are released by synaptic vesicles through exocytosis and diffuse to activate receptors on post-synaptic membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Extracellular space
part of: Synapse

synaptic cleft
type: Class
database: go

Synaptic vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: synaptic vesicle
comment: The synaptic vesicles mediate the exocytosis of neurotransmitters and subsequent re-uptake by endocytosis of vesicular components. Re-uptake is a crucial element in the maintenance of synaptic transmission in the nervous system.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
part of: Synapse
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

synaptic vesicle
type: Class
database: go

Synaptic vesicle lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Synaptic vesicular lumen
alias: synaptic vesicle lumen
comment: The synaptic vesicle compartment bounded by the membrane of a synaptic vesicle.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle lumen
part of: Synaptic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

synaptic vesicle lumen
type: Class
database: go

Synaptic vesicle membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Synaptic vesicular membrane
alias: synaptic vesicle membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Synaptic vesicle
related location: Cytoplasmic vesicle
related location: Secretory vesicle

synaptic vesicle membrane
type: Class
database: go

Synaptosome
type: Cellular Component
alias: synaptosome
comment: Synaptosomes are the pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the postsynaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Synapse
related location: Synapse

T-tubule
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Transverse-axial tubular system
alternative label: Transverse tubule
alias: T-tubule
comment: T-tubules are invaginations of the sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and interconnected network that makes junctions with the sarcoplasmic reticulum. T-tubules are selectively enriched with specific ion channels and proteins crucial in the development of calcium transients necessary in excitation-contraction coupling, thereby facilitating a fast and synchronous contraction across the entire cell volume. T-tubules are unique to striated muscle cells, i.e. skeletal and cardiac muscle cells.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Sarcolemma
related location: Cell membrane
related location: Sarcolemma

T-tubule
type: Class
database: go

Target cell
type: Cellular Component
alias: Target cell
comment: A cell including the cell membrane and any external encapsulating of another cell. This term is used to describe a toxin located in the structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope that is the target.
subclass of: Cellular Component

obsolete other organism cell
type: Class
database: go

Target cell cytoplasm
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Target cytoplasm
alias: target cell cytoplasm
comment: The contents of a target cell within the plasma membrane and which, in eukaryotic cells, surrounds the host nucleus. This term is used to describe a toxin located in the cytoplasm of a target cell.
subclass of: Target cell
related location: Target cell

Target cell membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Target cytoplasmic membrane
alternative label: Target plasmalemma
alternative label: Target plasma membrane
alias: Target cell membrane
comment: The target cell membrane is the selectively permeable membrane which separates the target cell cytoplasm from its surroundings. This term is used to describe a toxin located to the cell membrane of a target cell.
subclass of: Target membrane

Target membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: target membrane
comment: A target membrane is a lipid bilayer which surrounds target cell enclosed spaces and compartments. This selectively permeable structure is essential for effective separation of a target cell or target cell organelle from its surroundings. This term is used to describe a toxin located to a membrane of a target cell.
subclass of: Membrane
subclass of: Target cell
related location: Target cell
related location: Membrane

Tegument
type: Cellular Component
alias: Tegument
comment: The tegument of schistosomes is an outer-surface covering blood-dwelling flatworms. This unique structure consists of a double phospholipid bilayer (also known as the heptalaminar outer-surface structure) that ovelay a syncytium of fused cells surrounding the entire worm. These outer-tegumental membranes form many surface pits that substantially increase the surface area of the schistosome. The underlying syncytial-matrix contains some mitochondria, many vesicular structures and an extensive cytoskeleton. A basal lamina separates the syncytium from a layer of muscle cells. Nuclei and ribosomes are located in cytons, which are located underneath the muscle layer and connected by microtubule-lined cytoplasmic connections.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Tegument membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Tegumental membrane
alias: Tegument membrane
comment: The membrane suroounding the tegument of schistosomes.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Tegument

Telomere
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Chromosome, telomeric region
alias: telomere
comment: The telomere is a nucleoprotein structure comprising the terminal section of a eukaryotic chromosome. It has a specialized structure which is replicated by a special process, thereby counteracting the tendency of a chromosome to be shortened during each round of replication.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Chromosome
related location: Chromosome

chromosome, telomeric region
type: Class
database: go

Thylakoid
type: Cellular Component
alias: Thylakoid
comment: The thylakoid is a membranous cellular structure containing the photosynthetic pigments, reaction centers and electron-transport chain. In chloroplast, thylakoids stack up to form the grana or stay as single cisternae and interconnect the grana. Thylakoid, where photosynthesis occurs, are found in chloroplasts, cyanelles and in photosynthetic bacteria where they are the extensive invaginations of the plasma membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component

thylakoid
type: Class
database: go

Tight junction
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: TJ
alternative label: Zonula occludens
alias: tight junction
comment: The tight junction (TJ) is a dynamic, multifunctional complex which, together with adherens junctions and desmosomes, maintains the integrity of the epithelial cell layer(s) that protects multicellular organisms. TJ is located at the apical-most portion of the intercellular junction. It separates the apical and basolateral compartments of epithelia (preventing the lateral diffusion of lipids and proteins between the apical and basolateral domains of plasma membrane) and plays a key role in limiting paracellular permeability to ions and solutes in a charge and size selective manner. TJs appear as multiple strands of fibrils forming a continuous circumferential seal around cells.
subclass of: Cell junction
related location: Cell junction

bicellular tight junction
type: Class
database: go

trans-Golgi network
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Golgi trans-face
alternative label: TGN
alternative label: trans-Golgi
alternative label: trans-Golgi complex
alias: trans-Golgi network
comment: The trans-Golgi network is a highly dynamic series of interconnected tubules and vesicles at the trans face of the Golgi stack. The trans-Golgi network functions in the processing and sorting of glycoproteins and glycolipids at the interface of the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. The generation and maintenance of apical and basolateral membranes rely on sorting events that occur in the TGN.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Golgi apparatus
related location: Golgi apparatus

trans-Golgi network
type: Class
database: go

trans-Golgi network membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Golgi trans-face membrane
alternative label: TGN membrane
alternative label: trans-Golgi complex membrane
alternative label: trans-Golgi membrane
alias: trans-Golgi network membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the trans-Golgi network.
subclass of: Golgi apparatus membrane
part of: trans-Golgi network
related location: Golgi apparatus

trans-Golgi network membrane
type: Class
database: go

Trichocyst
type: Cellular Component
alias: Trichocyst
comment: The trichocyst is an architecturally complex secretory granule having a highly constrained shape docked at specialized cortical sites in Paramecium and other ciliates. Each cell bears about 1'000 trichocysts, which are supposed to be defensive organelles against predators. Trichocyst consists of a spindle-shaped body bearing at its wide end a tip often compared to an inverted golf tee. An external stimulus can trigger massive and synchronous exocytosis. After exocytotic membrane fusion, contact with the H2O and calcium ions in the external medium leads to an extremely rapid (< 50 ms) and irreversible expansion of the trichocyst contents, to yield a second, needle-shaped form which remains insoluble.
subclass of: Cellular Component
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/10865117

trichocyst
type: Class
database: go

Uropodium
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Uropod
alternative label: Uropodia
alias: uropodium
comment: The uropodium is a rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the lamellipodium or immunological synapse, respectively.
subclass of: Cell projection
related location: Cell projection

uropod
type: Class
database: go

Vacuole
type: Cellular Component
alias: Vacuole
comment: The vacuole is a generally large fluid-filled membrane-bound compartment in the cytoplasm. The precise form and function of vacuoles may vary between phyla. Plant vacuoles are among the best characterized. They differ in terms of their lumenal contents and processing enzymes, as well as on the basis of the type of integral proteins in their membranes (tonoplast intrinsic proteins, TIPs). Examples include the lytic vacuole, the storage vacuole and the lutoid. One important function of plant vacuoles is the maintenance of hydrostatic pressure. Other eukaryotes employ vacuoles for a variety of purposes, including storage (as in the yeast lysosome/vacuole), secretion and phagocytosis. In Protozoa, contractile vacuoles can be used to discharge water from the cytoplasm to the external environment.
subclass of: Cellular Component

vacuole
type: Class
database: go

Vacuole lumen
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Vacuolar lumen
alias: Vacuole lumen
comment: The lumen of a vacuole is the area enclosed by the vacuolar membrane.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Vacuole

vacuolar lumen
type: Class
database: go

Vacuole membrane
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Vacuolar membrane
alias: Vacuole membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding a vacuole.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Endomembrane system
part of: Vacuole

vacuolar membrane
type: Class
database: go

Vesicle
type: Cellular Component
alias: Vesicle
comment: A vesicle is a small structure consisting of fluid enclosed by a lipid bilayer. Vesicles form naturally during the processes of secretion (exocytosis), uptake (endocytosis) and transport of materials within the cytoplasm or between cells, and exist both within the cell and in the extracellular space.
subclass of: Cellular Component
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/24769233

Virion
type: Cellular Component
alias: Virion
comment: The virion is the complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
subclass of: Cellular Component

Virion membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Virion membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding the virion.
subclass of: Membrane
part of: Virion

virion membrane
type: Class
database: go

Virion tegument
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Viral tegument
alias: Virion tegument
comment: The viral tegument is a protein structure that resides between the capsid and envelope of herpesviruses and which appears amorphous in electron micrographs.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Virion

viral tegument
type: Class
database: go

Z line
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Z-band
alternative label: Z bodies
alternative label: Z body
alternative label: Z disc
alternative label: Z-disc
alternative label: Z disk
alternative label: Z-disk
alternative label: Z-line
alias: Z line
comment: Z-disks are the lateral boundaries of a single sarcomere. In electron micrographs of cross striated muscle the Z line appears as a series of dark lines. They represent a key interface between the contractile apparatus and the cytoskeleton. The Z line (from the German "Zwischen") largely consists of alpha-actinin homodimers organized in an antiparallel fashion, thereby providing a backbone for the insertions of actin-based thin filaments, as well as titin and nebulin/nebulette. Z line of neighbouring sarcomeres are aligned in parallel and connected via the intermediate filament protein desmin. They maintain the actin filaments in a tetragonal lattice.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: I band
related location: Cytoplasm
related location: Myofibril
related location: Sarcomere

Z disc
type: Class
database: go

Zona pellucida
type: Cellular Component
alternative label: Egg coat
alternative label: Pellucid zone
alternative label: Vitelline membrane
alias: Zona pellucida
comment: Zona pellucida is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the plasma membrane of mammalian oocytes. It is required for successful fertilization. Zona pellucida allows species-specific fertilization, prevents polyspermy, and enables acrosomal reaction for the successful adhesion and penetration of the sperm cell.
subclass of: Cellular Component
part of: Extracellular matrix

egg coat
type: Class
database: go

Zymogen granule
type: Cellular Component
alias: Zymogen granule
comment: A membrane-bounded, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells that allows the sorting, packaging and regulated apical secretion of digestive enzymes. Enzymes are packaged in these granules as zymogen or proenzyme, their inactive precursor form.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle
citation: http://purl.uniprot.org/citations/1191276

zymogen granule
type: Class
database: go

Zymogen granule lumen
type: Cellular Component
alias: Zymogen granule lumen
comment: The zymogen granule compartment bounded by the membrane of the secretory vesicle.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle lumen
part of: Zymogen granule

Zymogen granule membrane
type: Cellular Component
alias: Zymogen granule membrane
comment: The membrane surrounding zymogen granules.
subclass of: Secretory vesicle membrane
part of: Zymogen granule