Maria Costanzo Suzi Aleksander A structured controlled vocabulary for the phenotypes of Ascomycete fungi. 02:01:2021 Ascomycete Phenotype Ontology (APO) * APO:$sequence(7,0000001,9999999)$ OBO-Edit 2.1 02:02:2021 14:22 ascomycete_phenotype_ontology 1.2 Filtered by Subset contains "SGD"; contact sgd-helpdesk@lists.stanford.edu 2025-06-17 definition term replaced by APO terms in use at AspGD APO terms in use at CGD APO terms in use at CryptoGD APO terms in use at SGD Phenotype Slim terms for S. cerevisiae namespace-id-rule subset_property consider has_alternative_id database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym in_subset The direction of change in the mutant compared to wild type. YPO:0000001 qualifier APO:0000001 qualifier APO:0000001 The direction of change in the mutant compared to wild type. SGD:curators The observed phenotype is detectably different from that in the wild type. YPO:0000002 qualifier APO:0000002 abnormal APO:0000002 The observed phenotype is detectably different from that in the wild type. SGD:curators The observed feature is decreased compared to that in the wild type (slower, weaker, lower, smaller, etc.). YPO:0000003 qualifier APO:0000003 decreased APO:0000003 The observed feature is decreased compared to that in the wild type (slower, weaker, lower, smaller, etc.). SGD:curators The observed feature is increased compared to that in the wild type (faster, stronger, higher, larger, etc.). YPO:0000004 qualifier APO:0000004 increased APO:0000004 The observed feature is increased compared to that in the wild type (faster, stronger, higher, larger, etc.). SGD:curators The observed feature is not detectable in the mutant. YPO:0000005 qualifier APO:0000005 absent APO:0000005 The observed feature is not detectable in the mutant. SGD:curators A description of the effect of the mutation on the gene product function. YPO:0000006 mutant_type APO:0000006 mutant_type APO:0000006 A description of the effect of the mutation on the gene product function. SGD:curators The mutation results in expression of the gene product at a developmental stage, in a cell type, or at a subcellular location different from that at which the wild-type gene is expressed. YPO:0000007 mutant_type APO:0000007 misexpression APO:0000007 The mutation results in expression of the gene product at a developmental stage, in a cell type, or at a subcellular location different from that at which the wild-type gene is expressed. SGD:curators The mutation causes expression of the otherwise normal gene product to higher levels than wild-type. YPO:0000008 mutant_type APO:0000008 overexpression APO:0000008 The mutation causes expression of the otherwise normal gene product to higher levels than wild-type. SGD:curators The mutation increases the normal activity of a gene product. YPO:0000009 mutant_type APO:0000009 activation APO:0000009 The mutation increases the normal activity of a gene product. SGD:curators The mutation confers a new activity on the gene product. YPO:0000010 mutant_type APO:0000010 gain of function APO:0000010 The mutation confers a new activity on the gene product. SGD:curators The mutation abolishes completely the function of the gene product. YPO:0000011 null mutant_type loss of function APO:0000011 null mutant APO:0000011 The mutation abolishes completely the function of the gene product. SGD:RSN loss of function SGD:RSN The mutation leads to reduction of levels of the gene product, often through the use of a repressible promoter. YPO:0000012 depletion mutant_type APO:0000012 repressible APO:0000012 The mutation leads to reduction of levels of the gene product, often through the use of a repressible promoter. SGD:RSN depletion SGD:RSN The mutation reduces the activity of the gene product. YPO:0000013 mutant_type APO:0000013 reduction of function APO:0000013 The mutation reduces the activity of the gene product. SGD:curators The activity of the gene product is normal under some conditions and altered under others. YPO:0000014 mutant_type APO:0000014 conditional APO:0000014 The activity of the gene product is normal under some conditions and altered under others. SGD:curators The mutation type is not specified in the reference. YPO:0000015 mutant_type APO:0000015 unspecified APO:0000015 The mutation type is not specified in the reference. SGD:curators OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. YPO:0000016 mutant_type APO:0000016 This term was made obsolete because there was overlap with another term unspecified. The term unspecified will be used in cases where a more appropriate descriptor cannot be identified. not yet recorded true APO:0000016 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN Features of ascomycete fungal cells, cultures, or colonies that can be detected, observed, measured, or monitored. YPO:0000017 observable APO:0000017 observable APO:0000017 Features of ascomycete fungal cells, cultures, or colonies that can be detected, observed, measured, or monitored. SGD:curators A description of the experimental approach. YPO:0000018 experiment_type APO:0000018 experiment_type APO:0000018 A description of the experimental approach. SGD:curators OBSOLETE. Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets. APO:0000011 APO:0000235 YPO:0000019 experiment_type APO:0000019 This term was made obsolete as it is a compound term containing information on the both the scope of the experiment as well as the mutant type. systematic null mutation set true APO:0000019 OBSOLETE. Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets. SGD:RSN Phenotypic analysis of one or a few mutant strains in small-scale, focused experiments that do not require knowledge of the entire genome sequence. YPO:0000020 experiment_type APO:0000020 classical genetics APO:0000020 Phenotypic analysis of one or a few mutant strains in small-scale, focused experiments that do not require knowledge of the entire genome sequence. SGD:curators Quantitative data on survival of a mutant strain, obtained in large scale experiments where mutants are grown together with wild type or other mutants for many generations. YPO:0000021 experiment_type APO:0000021 competitive growth APO:0000021 Quantitative data on survival of a mutant strain, obtained in large scale experiments where mutants are grown together with wild type or other mutants for many generations. SGD:curators The enzymatic or other activity of a protein. YPO:0000022 observable APO:0000022 protein activity APO:0000022 The enzymatic or other activity of a protein. SGD:curators Developmental processes. YPO:0000023 observable APO:0000023 development APO:0000023 Developmental processes. SGD:mcc The formation of a bud, which develops into a daughter cell during asexual reproduction. YPO:0000024 observable APO:0000024 budding APO:0000024 The formation of a bud, which develops into a daughter cell during asexual reproduction. SGD:mcc Localization of the newly emerging bud near the site of the previous bud. YPO:0000025 observable haploid budding pattern APO:0000025 axial budding pattern APO:0000025 Localization of the newly emerging bud near the site of the previous bud. SGD:RSN haploid budding pattern SGD:RSN Localization of the emerging bud at the cell pole opposite the previous bud site. YPO:0000026 observable diploid budding pattern APO:0000026 bipolar budding pattern APO:0000026 Localization of the emerging bud at the cell pole opposite the previous bud site. SGD:RSN diploid budding pattern SGD:RSN Growth in a threadlike, filamentous shape. YPO:0000027 observable APO:0000027 filamentous growth APO:0000027 Growth in a threadlike, filamentous shape. SGD:mcc Penetration of cells into a solid substrate during filamentous growth. YPO:0000028 observable APO:0000028 invasive growth APO:0000028 Penetration of cells into a solid substrate during filamentous growth. SGD:rsn Growth in a pattern that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate. YPO:0000029 observable APO:0000029 pseudohyphal growth APO:0000029 Growth in a pattern that occurs in conditions of nitrogen limitation and abundant fermentable carbon source. Cells become elongated, switch to a unipolar budding pattern, remain physically attached to each other, and invade the growth substrate. SGD:krc The duration of the life of an individual organism. YPO:0000030 observable APO:0000030 lifespan APO:0000030 The duration of the life of an individual organism. SGD:mcc The process of sexual reproduction. YPO:0000031 observable APO:0000031 sexual cycle APO:0000031 The process of sexual reproduction. SGD:mcc The interaction between organisms leading to mating. YPO:0000032 observable APO:0000032 mating response APO:0000032 The interaction between organisms leading to mating. SGD:mcc The fusion of individual cells from each partner during mating. YPO:0000033 observable APO:0000033 cell fusion APO:0000033 The fusion of individual cells from each partner during mating. SGD:mcc The proportion of cells within a population that are able to mate. YPO:0000034 observable APO:0000034 mating efficiency APO:0000034 The proportion of cells within a population that are able to mate. SGD:mcc The fusion of the nuclei of two mating cells. YPO:0000035 karyogamy observable APO:0000035 nuclear fusion during mating APO:0000035 The fusion of the nuclei of two mating cells. SGD:mcc The production of mating pheromones. YPO:0000036 observable APO:0000036 pheromone production APO:0000036 The production of mating pheromones. SGD:mcc Sensitivity to mating pheromones produced by cells of the opposite mating type. YPO:0000037 observable APO:0000037 pheromone sensitivity APO:0000037 Sensitivity to mating pheromones produced by cells of the opposite mating type. SGD:mcc An alteration of morphology such that the cell has a mating projection, formed in response to mating pheromone by cells of Saccharomyces and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles. YPO:0000038 observable APO:0000038 shmoo formation APO:0000038 An alteration of morphology such that the cell has a mating projection, formed in response to mating pheromone by cells of Saccharomyces and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles. SGD:mcc A specialized cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. YPO:0000039 observable APO:0000039 meiosis APO:0000039 A specialized cell division in which a single diploid cell undergoes two nuclear divisions following a single round of DNA replication in order to produce four daughter cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as the diploid cell. GOC:dph The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. YPO:0000040 observable APO:0000040 meiotic recombination APO:0000040 The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes during meiosis. SGD:mcc The formation of ascospores, which are the products of meiosis. YPO:0000041 observable APO:0000041 sporulation APO:0000041 The formation of ascospores, which are the products of meiosis. SGD:mcc The production of viable cells arising from sexual spores. YPO:0000042 observable APO:0000042 spore germination APO:0000042 The production of viable cells arising from sexual spores. SGD:mcc The biogenesis of specialized cell walls around developing ascospores. YPO:0000043 observable APO:0000043 spore wall formation APO:0000043 The biogenesis of specialized cell walls around developing ascospores. SGD:mcc The percentage of diploid cells in a population that undergo meiosis and form spores under sporulation-inducing conditions. YPO:0000044 observable APO:0000044 sporulation efficiency APO:0000044 The percentage of diploid cells in a population that undergo meiosis and form spores under sporulation-inducing conditions. SGD:mcc The sterile phenotype is the inability to mate with cells of the opposite mating type under conditions that normally promote mating. YPO:0000045 observable APO:0000045 sterile APO:0000045 The sterile phenotype is the inability to mate with cells of the opposite mating type under conditions that normally promote mating. SGD:mcc Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin. YPO:0000046 observable APO:0000046 silencing APO:0000046 Repression of transcription by altering the structure of chromatin, e.g. by conversion of large regions of DNA into an inaccessible state often called heterochromatin. GOC:mah Integration of a transposable element into new positions in the genome. YPO:0000047 observable APO:0000047 transposable element transposition APO:0000047 Integration of a transposable element into new positions in the genome. SGD:mcc The ability to cause disease in another organism. YPO:0000048 observable APO:0000048 virulence APO:0000048 The ability to cause disease in another organism. SGD:mcc The size or shape of subcellular structures, cells, or multicellular structures. YPO:0000049 observable APO:0000049 morphology APO:0000049 The size or shape of subcellular structures, cells, or multicellular structures. SGD:mcc The size or shape of cells. YPO:0000050 observable APO:0000050 cellular morphology APO:0000050 The size or shape of cells. SGD:mcc The shape of the cell. YPO:0000051 observable APO:0000051 cell shape APO:0000051 The shape of the cell. SGD:mcc The size of the cell. YPO:0000052 observable APO:0000052 cell size APO:0000052 The size of the cell. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the cell wall. YPO:0000053 observable APO:0000053 cell wall morphology APO:0000053 The size, shape, or appearance of the cell wall. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the cytoskeleton. YPO:0000054 observable APO:0000054 cytoskeleton morphology APO:0000054 The size, shape, or appearance of the cytoskeleton. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the mitochondria. YPO:0000055 observable APO:0000055 mitochondrial morphology APO:0000055 The size, shape, or appearance of the mitochondria. SGD:mcc The size or shape of the bud neck, which is the region where the bud joins the mother cell. YPO:0000056 observable APO:0000056 bud neck morphology APO:0000056 The size or shape of the bud neck, which is the region where the bud joins the mother cell. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the nucleus. YPO:0000057 observable APO:0000057 nuclear morphology APO:0000057 The size, shape, or appearance of the nucleus. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the peroxisomes. YPO:0000058 observable APO:0000058 peroxisomal morphology APO:0000058 The size, shape, or appearance of the peroxisomes. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the vacuole. YPO:0000059 observable APO:0000059 vacuolar morphology APO:0000059 The size, shape, or appearance of the vacuole. SGD:mcc The appearance of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. YPO:0000060 observable APO:0000060 colony appearance APO:0000060 The appearance of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. SGD:mcc The color of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. YPO:0000061 observable APO:0000061 colony color APO:0000061 The color of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. SGD:mcc The shape of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. YPO:0000062 observable APO:0000062 colony shape APO:0000062 The shape of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. SGD:mcc The size of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. YPO:0000063 observable APO:0000063 colony size APO:0000063 The size of colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. SGD:mcc The appearance of a liquid culture of cells. YPO:0000064 observable APO:0000064 liquid culture appearance APO:0000064 The appearance of a liquid culture of cells. SGD:mcc Adhesion and aggregation of cells in liquid culture to produce clumps of cells. YPO:0000065 observable APO:0000065 flocculation APO:0000065 Adhesion and aggregation of cells in liquid culture to produce clumps of cells. SGD:mcc Processes occurring at the cellular level. YPO:0000066 observable APO:0000066 cellular processes APO:0000066 Processes occurring at the cellular level. AspGD:mcc OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000255 YPO:0000067 observable APO:0000067 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in G1 phase true APO:0000067 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000254 YPO:0000068 observable APO:0000068 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest at G2 phase true APO:0000068 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000256 YPO:0000069 observable APO:0000069 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest at START true APO:0000069 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000253 YPO:0000070 observable APO:0000070 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest true APO:0000070 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. YPO:0000071 observable APO:0000071 cytokinesis APO:0000071 The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A cycle of DNA replication and cell division via mitosis. YPO:0000072 observable APO:0000072 mitotic cell cycle APO:0000072 A cycle of DNA replication and cell division via mitosis. SGD:mcc Transport of substances within cells. YPO:0000073 observable APO:0000073 intracellular transport APO:0000073 Transport of substances within cells. SGD:mcc The delivery and degradation of autophagy markers to the vacuole via the autophagic pathway. YPO:0000074 observable APO:0000074 autophagy APO:0000074 The delivery and degradation of autophagy markers to the vacuole via the autophagic pathway. SGD:curators The uptake and delivery of external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. YPO:0000075 observable APO:0000075 endocytosis APO:0000075 The uptake and delivery of external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. SGD:curators Import of proteins into mitochondria. YPO:0000076 observable APO:0000076 mitochondrial transport APO:0000076 Import of proteins into mitochondria. SGD:mcc Transport of proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus. YPO:0000077 observable APO:0000077 nuclear transport APO:0000077 Transport of proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus. SGD:mcc Transport of proteins out of the cell by fusion of a membrane-bounded vesicle containing the proteins by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. YPO:0000078 observable exocytosis APO:0000078 protein secretion APO:0000078 Transport of proteins out of the cell by fusion of a membrane-bounded vesicle containing the proteins by fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. SGD:mcc Transport of proteins into the vacuole. YPO:0000079 observable APO:0000079 vacuolar transport APO:0000079 Transport of proteins into the vacuole. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to stress conditions. YPO:0000080 resistance to stress observable APO:0000080 stress resistance APO:0000080 The level of resistance to stress conditions. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to killer toxin, which is encoded on double-stranded RNA viruses carried by some yeast strains. YPO:0000081 resistance to killer toxin observable APO:0000081 killer toxin resistance APO:0000081 The level of resistance to killer toxin, which is encoded on double-stranded RNA viruses carried by some yeast strains. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to high or low osmolarity. YPO:0000082 resistance to osmotic stress observable APO:0000082 osmotic stress resistance APO:0000082 The level of resistance to high or low osmolarity. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to oxidative stress. YPO:0000083 resistance to oxidative stress observable APO:0000083 oxidative stress resistance APO:0000083 The level of resistance to oxidative stress. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to radiation. YPO:0000084 resistance to radiation observable APO:0000084 radiation resistance APO:0000084 The level of resistance to radiation. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to ultraviolet radiation. YPO:0000085 resistance to UV observable APO:0000085 UV resistance APO:0000085 The level of resistance to ultraviolet radiation. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to X ray exposure. YPO:0000086 resistance to X rays observable APO:0000086 X ray resistance APO:0000086 The level of resistance to X ray exposure. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to exposure to chemicals. YPO:0000087 observable APO:0000087 resistance to chemicals APO:0000087 The level of resistance to exposure to chemicals. SGD:mcc OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000087 YPO:0000088 observable APO:0000088 This term was made obsolete, as resistance to chemicals was deemed a better choice. drug resistance true APO:0000088 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN The percentage or fraction of budded cells in a population. YPO:0000089 observable APO:0000089 budding index APO:0000089 The percentage or fraction of budded cells in a population. SGD:curators The level of resistance to a specific metal or metals. YPO:0000090 resistance to metal observable APO:0000090 metal resistance APO:0000090 The level of resistance to a specific metal or metals. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to starvation conditions. YPO:0000091 resistance to starvation observable APO:0000091 starvation resistance APO:0000091 The level of resistance to starvation conditions. SGD:mcc Sensitivity to temperatures that are higher or lower than optimal growth temperature. YPO:0000092 observable APO:0000092 temperature sensitive growth APO:0000092 Sensitivity to temperatures that are higher or lower than optimal growth temperature. SGD:mcc The ability to survive a period of exposure to extremely high temperature (heat shock). YPO:0000093 observable APO:0000093 thermotolerance APO:0000093 The ability to survive a period of exposure to extremely high temperature (heat shock). SGD:mcc Processes relating to metabolism and growth. YPO:0000094 observable APO:0000094 metabolism and growth APO:0000094 Processes relating to metabolism and growth. SGD:mcc The production and/or storage of a specified chemical compound. YPO:0000095 observable APO:0000095 chemical compound accumulation APO:0000095 The production and/or storage of a specified chemical compound. SGD:curators The ability to utilize specified substances as nutrients. YPO:0000096 observable APO:0000096 nutrient utilization APO:0000096 The ability to utilize specified substances as nutrients. SGD:mcc The inability of an organism to synthesize a specified organic compound required for its growth. YPO:0000097 observable APO:0000097 auxotrophy APO:0000097 The inability of an organism to synthesize a specified organic compound required for its growth. SGD:mcc The ability to utilize the specified compound as a carbon source. YPO:0000098 observable APO:0000098 utilization of carbon source APO:0000098 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a carbon source. SGD:curators The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of nitrogen. YPO:0000099 observable APO:0000099 utilization of nitrogen source APO:0000099 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of nitrogen. SGD:curators Uptake of nutrients into a cell. YPO:0000100 observable APO:0000100 nutrient uptake APO:0000100 Uptake of nutrients into a cell. SGD:mcc Growth with energy derived from fermentation; growth on a fermentable carbon source such as glucose. YPO:0000101 observable fermentable carbon source utilization APO:0000101 fermentative metabolism APO:0000101 Growth with energy derived from fermentation; growth on a fermentable carbon source such as glucose. SGD:RSN fermentable carbon source utilization SGD:RSN Growth with energy derived from respiration; growth on a non-fermentable carbon source. Examples of non-fermentable carbon sources include glycerol, ethanol, and lactate. YPO:0000102 observable non-fermentable carbon source utilization APO:0000102 respiratory metabolism APO:0000102 Growth with energy derived from respiration; growth on a non-fermentable carbon source. Examples of non-fermentable carbon sources include glycerol, ethanol, and lactate. SGD:RSN non-fermentable carbon source utilization SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. APO:0000309 YPO:0000103 observable APO:0000103 respiratory growth rate true APO:0000103 The frequency with rho- (rho minus) mutations occur, In this process, all of the mitochondrial genome except for a relatively short segment is lost. The retained segment is amplified and reiterated in a circular genome that is roughly the size of the wild-type genome. YPO:0000104 observable APO:0000104 mitochondrial rho- mutation frequency APO:0000104 The frequency with rho- (rho minus) mutations occur, In this process, all of the mitochondrial genome except for a relatively short segment is lost. The retained segment is amplified and reiterated in a circular genome that is roughly the size of the wild-type genome. SGD:mcc The maintenance of a stable and complete mitochondrial genome. YPO:0000105 observable APO:0000105 mitochondrial genome maintenance APO:0000105 The maintenance of a stable and complete mitochondrial genome. SGD:mcc Growth under standard culture conditions (liquid or solid media). YPO:0000106 observable APO:0000106 vegetative growth APO:0000106 Growth under standard culture conditions (liquid or solid media). SGD:curators OBSOLETE: Growth rate in liquid culture during the exponential phase. APO:0000310 YPO:0000107 observable APO:0000107 growth rate in exponential phase true APO:0000107 OBSOLETE: Growth rate in liquid culture during the exponential phase. SGD:curators OBSOLETE: Growth rate in liquid culture during the post-diauxic phase. APO:0000311 YPO:0000108 observable APO:0000108 growth rate in post-diauxic phase true APO:0000108 OBSOLETE: Growth rate in liquid culture during the post-diauxic phase. SGD:curators The rate of survival in liquid stationary phase cultures. YPO:0000109 observable APO:0000109 survival rate in stationary phase APO:0000109 The rate of survival in liquid stationary phase cultures. SGD:curators The ability of a mutant strain to grow or survive under conditions of direct competition with wild type or other mutants. YPO:0000110 observable APO:0000110 competitive fitness APO:0000110 The ability of a mutant strain to grow or survive under conditions of direct competition with wild type or other mutants. SGD:curators The proportion of cells in a sample that are viable, i.e. able to form colonies. Often measured by spotting aliquots of a dilution series on a plate. YPO:0000111 observable APO:0000111 viability APO:0000111 The proportion of cells in a sample that are viable, i.e. able to form colonies. Often measured by spotting aliquots of a dilution series on a plate. SGD:curators The inability to grow under standard growth conditions. For S. cerevisiae, this means that visible colonies are not formed from single cells on complete glucose medium (YPD) plates at 30 deg C under normal atmospheric conditions. YPO:0000112 observable APO:0000112 inviable APO:0000112 The inability to grow under standard growth conditions. For S. cerevisiae, this means that visible colonies are not formed from single cells on complete glucose medium (YPD) plates at 30 deg C under normal atmospheric conditions. SGD:curators The ability to grow under standard growth conditions. For S. cerevisiae, this means that visible colonies are formed from single cells on complete glucose medium (YPD) plates at 30 deg C under normal atmospheric conditions. YPO:0000113 observable APO:0000113 viable APO:0000113 The ability to grow under standard growth conditions. For S. cerevisiae, this means that visible colonies are formed from single cells on complete glucose medium (YPD) plates at 30 deg C under normal atmospheric conditions. SGD:curators Generation and analysis of genome-wide sets of mutants that typically utilizes robotic methods. YPO:0000114 experiment_type APO:0000114 large-scale survey APO:0000114 Generation and analysis of genome-wide sets of mutants that typically utilizes robotic methods. SGD:curators OBSOLETE. This term defined as 'novel techniques' has been obsoleted as it was a remnant of the original mutant types that has not been used. YPO:0000115 experiment_type APO:0000115 This term was made obsolete because it was a remnant of the original mutant types that has never been used. We will replace this using either a classical genetics or large-scale survey experiment type. other method true APO:0000115 OBSOLETE. This term defined as 'novel techniques' has been obsoleted as it was a remnant of the original mutant types that has not been used. SGD:curators OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. YPO:0000116 mutant_type APO:0000116 This term was made obsolete because it does not fit within the new descriptor terminology. In cases where a specific descriptor term cannot be identified use the term unspecified. other mutant type true APO:0000116 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN The observed phenotype shows no detectable difference between the mutant and the wild type. YPO:0000117 qualifier wild type APO:0000117 normal APO:0000117 The observed phenotype shows no detectable difference between the mutant and the wild type. SGD:RSN wild type SGD:RSN The location of the nucleus or nuclei within a cell or between separating cells. YPO:0000118 observable APO:0000118 nuclear position APO:0000118 The location of the nucleus or nuclei within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The size of the nucleus. YPO:0000119 observable APO:0000119 size of nucleus APO:0000119 The size of the nucleus. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of the actin cytoskeleton. YPO:0000120 observable APO:0000120 actin cytoskeleton morphology APO:0000120 The size, shape, or appearance of the actin cytoskeleton. SGD:mcc OBSOLETE: This term was not defined before being obsoleted. YPO:0000121 observable APO:0000121 bud direction true APO:0000121 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000258 YPO:0000122 observable APO:0000122 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in M phase true APO:0000122 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN Resumption of the cell cycle after the arrest that occurs in response to the presence of mating pheromones from cells of the opposite mating type. YPO:0000123 observable APO:0000123 recovery from pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest APO:0000123 Resumption of the cell cycle after the arrest that occurs in response to the presence of mating pheromones from cells of the opposite mating type. SGD:mcc Arrest of the cell cycle that occurs in response to the presence of mating pheromones from cells of the opposite mating type. YPO:0000124 observable APO:0000124 pheromone-induced cell cycle arrest APO:0000124 Arrest of the cell cycle that occurs in response to the presence of mating pheromones from cells of the opposite mating type. SGD:mcc The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of phosphorus. YPO:0000125 observable APO:0000125 utilization of phosphorus source APO:0000125 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of phosphorus. SGD:curators Transport of proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus. YPO:0000126 observable APO:0000126 nuclear import APO:0000126 Transport of proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus. SGD:mcc Export of proteins or RNAs from the nucleus. YPO:0000127 observable APO:0000127 nuclear export APO:0000127 Export of proteins or RNAs from the nucleus. SGD:mcc Import of proteins into peroxisomes. YPO:0000128 observable APO:0000128 peroxisomal transport APO:0000128 Import of proteins into peroxisomes. SGD:mcc Delivery of proteins to specific locations. YPO:0000129 observable protein localization protein targeting APO:0000129 protein transport APO:0000129 Delivery of proteins to specific locations. SGD:RSN protein localization SGD:RSN protein targeting SGD:RSN Transport of small molecules into, out of, or within the cell. YPO:0000130 observable APO:0000130 small molecule transport APO:0000130 Transport of small molecules into, out of, or within the cell. SGD:mcc The covalent modification of a specified protein. YPO:0000131 observable APO:0000131 protein/peptide modification APO:0000131 The covalent modification of a specified protein. SGD:curators Localization of specific RNAs within the cell. YPO:0000132 observable APO:0000132 RNA localization APO:0000132 Localization of specific RNAs within the cell. SGD:mcc OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000264 YPO:0000133 observable APO:0000133 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in metaphase true APO:0000133 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000259 YPO:0000134 observable APO:0000134 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest at the metaphase - anaphase transition true APO:0000134 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000260 YPO:0000135 observable APO:0000135 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in anaphase true APO:0000135 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000261 YPO:0000136 observable APO:0000136 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in early anaphase true APO:0000136 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000262 YPO:0000137 observable APO:0000137 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in mid anaphase true APO:0000137 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. RSN:SGD OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000263 YPO:0000138 observable APO:0000138 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in late anaphase true APO:0000138 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000265 YPO:0000139 observable APO:0000139 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in telophase true APO:0000139 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000250 APO:0000267 APO:0000268 YPO:0000140 observable APO:0000140 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in G0 (stationary phase) true APO:0000140 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN The cell volume (or size) which must be attained before cells can pass through START, a checkpoint which operates in G1, and commit to a full round of cell division. YPO:0000141 observable APO:0000141 critical cell size at START (G1 cell-size checkpoint) APO:0000141 The cell volume (or size) which must be attained before cells can pass through START, a checkpoint which operates in G1, and commit to a full round of cell division. SGD:RSN The cell volume (or size) which must be attained before cells can pass from G2 into M phase and commit to the completion of mitosis. This normally cryptic checkpoint negatively regulates passage from G2 into M phase. YPO:0000142 observable APO:0000142 critical cell size at G2/M (cryptic G2/M cell size checkpoint) APO:0000142 The cell volume (or size) which must be attained before cells can pass from G2 into M phase and commit to the completion of mitosis. This normally cryptic checkpoint negatively regulates passage from G2 into M phase. SGD:RSN The stable maintenance of chromosomes or plasmids. YPO:0000143 observable APO:0000143 chromosome/plasmid maintenance APO:0000143 The stable maintenance of chromosomes or plasmids. SGD:mcc The average length of telomeres. YPO:0000144 observable APO:0000144 telomere length APO:0000144 The average length of telomeres. SGD:curators The oxidation of nutrients to generate ATP, performed by enzymes of the mitochondrial inner membrane. YPO:0000145 observable respiration APO:0000145 oxidative phosphorylation APO:0000145 The oxidation of nutrients to generate ATP, performed by enzymes of the mitochondrial inner membrane. SGD:mcc respiration SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. APO:0000012 APO:0000235 YPO:0000146 experiment_type APO:0000146 This term was made obsolete as it is a compound term containing information on both the scope of the experiment as well as the repressible nature of the mutant_type. systematic repressible mutation set true APO:0000146 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN Sensitivity to temperatures that are higher than optimal growth temperature. YPO:0000147 observable temperature sensitivity APO:0000147 heat sensitivity APO:0000147 Sensitivity to temperatures that are higher than optimal growth temperature. SGD:mcc temperature sensitivity SGD:RSN Sensitivity to temperatures that are lower than optimal growth temperature. YPO:0000148 observable APO:0000148 cold sensitivity APO:0000148 Sensitivity to temperatures that are lower than optimal growth temperature. SGD:mcc Abundance of a specified peptide/protein; production to a certain level. YPO:0000149 observable protein/peptide abundance APO:0000149 protein/peptide accumulation APO:0000149 Abundance of a specified peptide/protein; production to a certain level. SGD:RSN protein/peptide abundance SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. Mutation abolishes function of both alleles of the gene in a diploid strain. APO:0000011 YPO:0000150 mutant_type APO:0000150 This term was made obsolete because it is a compound term, with plody related information captured through the experiment_type and null captured as a mutant_type. null homozygous diploid true APO:0000150 OBSOLETE. Mutation abolishes function of both alleles of the gene in a diploid strain. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. Mutation abolishes function of one allele of the gene in a diploid strain. APO:0000011 YPO:0000151 mutant_type APO:0000151 This term was made obsolete because it is a compound term, with plody related information captured through the experiment_type and null captured as a mutant_type. null heterozygous diploid true APO:0000151 OBSOLETE. Mutation abolishes function of one allele of the gene in a diploid strain. SGD:RSN The heterozygous diploid displays a decreased growth rate relative to a diploid that is homozygous wild type at that locus. YPO:0000152 observable APO:0000152 haploinsufficient APO:0000152 The heterozygous diploid displays a decreased growth rate relative to a diploid that is homozygous wild type at that locus. SGD:curators The formation of smaller than wild-type colonies on fermentable carbon sources (e.g., glucose), due to a respiratory defect. The respiratory defect could result from mutation or loss of the mitochondrial genome, or from a nuclear mutation affecting respiration. The fermentation of glucose produces ethanol, which is metabolized by the respiratory pathway in wild-type cells and contributes to colony size; respiratory-deficient mutants are unable to utilize this ethanol. YPO:0000153 observable APO:0000153 petite APO:0000153 The formation of smaller than wild-type colonies on fermentable carbon sources (e.g., glucose), due to a respiratory defect. The respiratory defect could result from mutation or loss of the mitochondrial genome, or from a nuclear mutation affecting respiration. The fermentation of glucose produces ethanol, which is metabolized by the respiratory pathway in wild-type cells and contributes to colony size; respiratory-deficient mutants are unable to utilize this ethanol. PMID:9301019 SGD:mcc The petite-negative phenotype arises from mutation in a nuclear gene that is not essential in an otherwise wild-type strain with an intact mitochondrial genome, but becomes essential in strains lacking the mitochondrial genome, referred to as rho- or rho0. Petite-negative strains cannot grow on fermentable carbon sources (e.g., glucose) in the absence of an intact mitochondrial genome. This phenotype is often assayed as the inability grow in the presence of ethidium bromide, which causes the loss of the mitochondrial genome. YPO:0000154 observable APO:0000154 petite-negative APO:0000154 The petite-negative phenotype arises from mutation in a nuclear gene that is not essential in an otherwise wild-type strain with an intact mitochondrial genome, but becomes essential in strains lacking the mitochondrial genome, referred to as rho- or rho0. Petite-negative strains cannot grow on fermentable carbon sources (e.g., glucose) in the absence of an intact mitochondrial genome. This phenotype is often assayed as the inability grow in the presence of ethidium bromide, which causes the loss of the mitochondrial genome. PMID:16267274 SGD:mcc An energy-dependent, programmed form of cell death that is characterized by phenotypic markers such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species (often detected via DHE staining), externalization of phosphatidylserine (measured by annexin V staining), and DNA fragmentation (detected using the TUNEL assay). Other processes observed during apoptosis include chromosome condensation and breakdown of mitochondria, including loss of membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Cells undergoing apoptosis do not lose plasma membrane integrity (measured by propidium iodide staining) until late in the process. YPO:0000155 observable APO:0000155 apoptosis APO:0000155 An energy-dependent, programmed form of cell death that is characterized by phenotypic markers such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species (often detected via DHE staining), externalization of phosphatidylserine (measured by annexin V staining), and DNA fragmentation (detected using the TUNEL assay). Other processes observed during apoptosis include chromosome condensation and breakdown of mitochondria, including loss of membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Cells undergoing apoptosis do not lose plasma membrane integrity (measured by propidium iodide staining) until late in the process. PMID:15556039 PMID:18452540 PMID:18500447 PMID:18782613 PMID:19416362 SGD:mcc OBSOLETE: The rate of growth in the presence of a fermentable carbon source. APO:0000308 YPO:0000156 observable APO:0000156 fermentative growth rate true APO:0000156 OBSOLETE: The rate of growth in the presence of a fermentable carbon source. SGD:curators The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of iron. YPO:0000157 observable APO:0000157 utilization of iron source APO:0000157 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of iron. SGD:curators The appearance of a population of cells. YPO:0000158 observable APO:0000158 culture appearance APO:0000158 The appearance of a population of cells. SGD:mcc The ability to form a layer on solid surfaces with or without other microorganisms. YPO:0000159 observable APO:0000159 biofilm formation APO:0000159 The ability to form a layer on solid surfaces with or without other microorganisms. SGD:curators YPO:0000160 observable APO:0000160 hyphal growth APO:0000160 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. YPO:0000161 mutant_type APO:0000161 This term was made obsolete because it was a remnant of the original mutant types that does not fit within the new descriptor choices. multiple true APO:0000161 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN YPO:0000162 experiment_type APO:0000162 Affinity Capture-MS APO:0000162 YPO:0000163 experiment_type APO:0000163 Affinity Capture-RNA APO:0000163 YPO:0000164 experiment_type APO:0000164 interactions APO:0000164 YPO:0000165 experiment_type APO:0000165 Affinity Capture-Western APO:0000165 YPO:0000166 experiment_type APO:0000166 Biochemical Activity APO:0000166 YPO:0000167 experiment_type APO:0000167 Co-crystal Structure APO:0000167 YPO:0000168 experiment_type APO:0000168 Co-fractionation APO:0000168 YPO:0000169 experiment_type APO:0000169 Co-localization APO:0000169 YPO:0000170 experiment_type APO:0000170 Co-purification APO:0000170 YPO:0000171 experiment_type APO:0000171 Dosage Growth Defect APO:0000171 YPO:0000172 experiment_type APO:0000172 Dosage Lethality APO:0000172 YPO:0000173 experiment_type APO:0000173 Dosage Rescue APO:0000173 YPO:0000174 experiment_type APO:0000174 Epistatic MiniArray Profile APO:0000174 YPO:0000175 experiment_type APO:0000175 FRET APO:0000175 YPO:0000176 experiment_type APO:0000176 Far Western APO:0000176 YPO:0000177 experiment_type APO:0000177 Phenotypic Enhancement APO:0000177 YPO:0000178 experiment_type APO:0000178 Phenotypic Suppression APO:0000178 YPO:0000179 experiment_type APO:0000179 Protein-RNA APO:0000179 YPO:0000180 experiment_type APO:0000180 Protein-peptide APO:0000180 YPO:0000181 experiment_type APO:0000181 Reconstituted Complex APO:0000181 YPO:0000182 experiment_type APO:0000182 Synthetic Growth Defect APO:0000182 YPO:0000183 experiment_type APO:0000183 Synthetic Lethality APO:0000183 YPO:0000184 experiment_type APO:0000184 Synthetic Rescue APO:0000184 YPO:0000185 experiment_type APO:0000185 Two-hybrid APO:0000185 YPO:0000186 experiment_type APO:0000186 genetic interactions APO:0000186 YPO:0000187 experiment_type APO:0000187 physical interactions APO:0000187 YPO:0000188 experiment_type APO:0000188 Affinity Chromatography APO:0000188 YPO:0000189 experiment_type APO:0000189 Affinity Precipitation APO:0000189 YPO:0000190 experiment_type APO:0000190 Biochemical Assay APO:0000190 YPO:0000191 experiment_type APO:0000191 Purified Complex APO:0000191 YPO:0000192 experiment_type APO:0000192 phenotype assays APO:0000192 The level of resistance to treatment with enzymes. YPO:0000193 observable APO:0000193 resistance to enzymatic treatment APO:0000193 The level of resistance to treatment with enzymes. SGD:curators The level of resistance to ionizing radiation. YPO:0000194 resistance to ionizing radiation observable APO:0000194 ionizing radiation resistance APO:0000194 The level of resistance to ionizing radiation. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to gamma radiation. YPO:0000195 resistance to gamma rays observable APO:0000195 gamma ray resistance APO:0000195 The level of resistance to gamma radiation. SGD:mcc Conversion of a cell of one mating type to a different mating type. YPO:0000196 observable APO:0000196 mating type switching APO:0000196 Conversion of a cell of one mating type to a different mating type. SGD:mcc Formation of wedge-shaped sectors, with a different color or appearance, in colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. YPO:0000197 observable APO:0000197 colony sectoring APO:0000197 Formation of wedge-shaped sectors, with a different color or appearance, in colonies of cells growing on a solid substrate. SGD:mcc The frequency with which mutations occur. YPO:0000198 observable APO:0000198 mutation frequency APO:0000198 The frequency with which mutations occur. SGD:mcc The pattern of chitin deposition in the cell wall. YPO:0000199 observable APO:0000199 chitin deposition APO:0000199 The pattern of chitin deposition in the cell wall. SGD:mcc The pattern with which buds emerge from a mother cell. YPO:0000200 observable APO:0000200 budding pattern APO:0000200 The pattern with which buds emerge from a mother cell. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to acidic pH. YPO:0000201 resistance to acid pH observable APO:0000201 acid pH resistance APO:0000201 The level of resistance to acidic pH. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to alkaline pH. YPO:0000202 resistance to alkaline pH observable APO:0000202 alkaline pH resistance APO:0000202 The level of resistance to alkaline pH. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to low osmolarity. YPO:0000203 resistance to hypoosmotic stress observable APO:0000203 hypoosmotic stress resistance APO:0000203 The level of resistance to low osmolarity. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to high osmolarity. YPO:0000204 resistance to hyperosmotic stress observable APO:0000204 hyperosmotic stress resistance APO:0000204 The level of resistance to high osmolarity. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to ionic stress. YPO:0000205 resistance to ionic stress observable APO:0000205 ionic stress resistance APO:0000205 The level of resistance to ionic stress. SGD:mcc OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. YPO:0000206 mutant_type APO:0000206 This term was made obsolete because all ploidy related terms will be integrated into experiment_type terms. heterozygous diploid true APO:0000206 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. YPO:0000207 mutant_type APO:0000207 This term was made obsolete because all ploidy related terms will be integrated into experiment_type terms. homozygous diploid true APO:0000207 OBSOLETE. This term was not defined before being made obsolete. SGD:RSN The physical separation of chromosomes and their distribution to two or more sets during mitosis or meiosis. YPO:0000208 observable APO:0000208 chromosome segregation APO:0000208 The physical separation of chromosomes and their distribution to two or more sets during mitosis or meiosis. SGD:mcc The location(s) where the specified protein is found within the cell. YPO:0000209 observable APO:0000209 protein/peptide distribution APO:0000209 The location(s) where the specified protein is found within the cell. SGD:mcc Metabolism during growth in the absence of oxygen. YPO:0000210 observable APO:0000210 anaerobic metabolism APO:0000210 Metabolism during growth in the absence of oxygen. SGD:curators OBSOLETE: The rate of growth in the absence of oxygen. APO:0000307 YPO:0000211 observable APO:0000211 anaerobic growth rate true APO:0000211 OBSOLETE: The rate of growth in the absence of oxygen. SGD:curators The size or shape of the bud. YPO:0000212 observable APO:0000212 bud morphology APO:0000212 The size or shape of the bud. SGD:curators The size, shape, or appearance of the mitotic or meiotic spindle. YPO:0000213 observable APO:0000213 spindle morphology APO:0000213 The size, shape, or appearance of the mitotic or meiotic spindle. SGD:mcc The position of the mitotic or meiotic spindle pole body. YPO:0000214 observable APO:0000214 position of spindle pole body APO:0000214 The position of the mitotic or meiotic spindle pole body. SGD:mcc The level of resistance to toxins, poisonous compounds that are produced by cells or organisms. YPO:0000215 resistance to toxin observable APO:0000215 toxin resistance APO:0000215 The level of resistance to toxins, poisonous compounds that are produced by cells or organisms. SGD:mcc The ability of an organism to reproduce and to produce viable progeny. YPO:0000216 observable APO:0000216 This is a top-level term that is not to be used for curation. fitness APO:0000216 The ability of an organism to reproduce and to produce viable progeny. SGD:curators The essentiality of a gene for survival under standard conditions for growth of that organism. YPO:0000217 observable APO:0000217 This is a top-level term, not to be used for curation. essentiality APO:0000217 The essentiality of a gene for survival under standard conditions for growth of that organism. SGD:curators The balance of oxidized and reduced molecules in the cell. Respiration and various environmental factors cause formation of reactive oxygen species which can oxidize and damage cellular components. YPO:0000218 observable APO:0000218 redox state APO:0000218 The balance of oxidized and reduced molecules in the cell. Respiration and various environmental factors cause formation of reactive oxygen species which can oxidize and damage cellular components. SGD:mcc The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of sulfur. YPO:0000219 observable APO:0000219 utilization of sulfur source APO:0000219 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of sulfur. SGD:mcc A form of cell death that is distinct from apoptosis. Cells undergoing necrotic cell death undergo overall destruction. They can be distinguished from apoptotic cells because they lose membrane integrity, which only happens late in apoptosis (positive propidium iodide staining), and do not externalize phosphatidylserine (measured by annexin V staining) as do apoptotic cells. YPO:0000220 observable APO:0000220 necrotic cell death APO:0000220 A form of cell death that is distinct from apoptosis. Cells undergoing necrotic cell death undergo overall destruction. They can be distinguished from apoptotic cells because they lose membrane integrity, which only happens late in apoptosis (positive propidium iodide staining), and do not externalize phosphatidylserine (measured by annexin V staining) as do apoptotic cells. PMID:11535781 PMID:18656474 PMID:18782613 SGD:mcc Formation of a septum between dividing cells. YPO:0000221 observable APO:0000221 septum formation APO:0000221 Formation of a septum between dividing cells. SGD:mcc The excretion from the cell of a specified chemical compound. YPO:0000222 observable APO:0000222 chemical compound excretion APO:0000222 The excretion from the cell of a specified chemical compound. SGD:mcc The outward appearance or shape of the mating projection. YPO:0000223 observable APO:0000223 mating projection morphology APO:0000223 The outward appearance or shape of the mating projection. SGD:RSN Abundance of a specified RNA or class of RNAs. YPO:0000224 observable APO:0000224 RNA accumulation APO:0000224 Abundance of a specified RNA or class of RNAs. SGD:RSN Measures of the rate of recombination or total recombination observed during the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000225 observable APO:0000225 mitotic recombination APO:0000225 Measures of the rate of recombination or total recombination observed during the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN The size, shape, or appearance of subcellular organelles or structures. YPO:0000226 observable APO:0000226 subcellular morphology APO:0000226 The size, shape, or appearance of subcellular organelles or structures. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. Arrest of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, the phase in which DNA replication occurs. APO:0000250 APO:0000266 YPO:0000227 observable APO:0000227 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest in S phase true APO:0000227 OBSOLETE. Arrest of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, the phase in which DNA replication occurs. SGD:RSN The mutation results in a gene product that interferes with the function of the normal, wild-type gene product. YPO:0000228 mutant_type APO:0000228 dominant negative APO:0000228 The mutation results in a gene product that interferes with the function of the normal, wild-type gene product. SGD:RSN Classical genetics experiments carried out in a diploid background, where both alleles of the gene being described are identical. YPO:0000229 experiment_type APO:0000229 homozygous diploid APO:0000229 Classical genetics experiments carried out in a diploid background, where both alleles of the gene being described are identical. SGD:RSN Classical genetics experiments carried out in a diploid background, where alleles of the gene being described are not identical. YPO:0000230 experiment_type APO:0000230 heterozygous diploid APO:0000230 Classical genetics experiments carried out in a diploid background, where alleles of the gene being described are not identical. SGD:RSN Any large-scale survey where the experiments are carried out in a homozygous diploid background. YPO:0000231 experiment_type APO:0000231 homozygous diploid, large-scale survey APO:0000231 Any large-scale survey where the experiments are carried out in a homozygous diploid background. SGD:RSN Any large-scale survey where the experiments carried our are in a heterozygous diploid background. YPO:0000232 experiment_type APO:0000232 heterozygous diploid, large-scale survey APO:0000232 Any large-scale survey where the experiments carried our are in a heterozygous diploid background. SGD:RSN Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a homozygous diploid background. YPO:0000233 experiment_type APO:0000233 homozygous diploid, competitive growth APO:0000233 Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a homozygous diploid background. SGD:RSN Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a heterozygous diploid background. YPO:0000234 experiment_type APO:0000234 heterozygous diploid, competitive growth APO:0000234 Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a heterozygous diploid background. SGD:RSN Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide haploid knockout sets. YPO:0000235 experiment_type APO:0000235 systematic mutation set APO:0000235 Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide haploid knockout sets. SGD:RSN Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in a homozygous diploid background. YPO:0000236 experiment_type APO:0000236 homozygous diploid, systematic mutation set APO:0000236 Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in a homozygous diploid background. SGD:RSN Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide mutation sets carried out in a heterozygous diploid. YPO:0000237 experiment_type APO:0000237 heterozygous diploid, systematic mutation set APO:0000237 Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide mutation sets carried out in a heterozygous diploid. SGD:RSN OBSOLETE. Arrest of cells at the transition between the G2 and M phases of the mitotic cell cycle. APO:0000250 APO:0000257 YPO:0000238 observable APO:0000238 This term was made obsolete because it incorporates a temporal aspect (arrest), and will therefore be replaced by a combination of an analagous observable that does not contain temporal information and a temporal qualifier. cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase transition true APO:0000238 OBSOLETE. Arrest of cells at the transition between the G2 and M phases of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN A form of autophagy selective for peroxisomes that occurs in response to starvation, damage or as a homeostatic mechanism to regulate the levels of this organelle. Pexophagy can be further subdivided into micropexophagy, the engulfment of a cluster of peroxisomes at the vacuole surface and macropexophagy, the sequestration of individual peroxisomes by a double-membrane vesicle, followed by fusion with the vacuole. YPO:0000239 observable APO:0000239 pexophagy APO:0000239 A form of autophagy selective for peroxisomes that occurs in response to starvation, damage or as a homeostatic mechanism to regulate the levels of this organelle. Pexophagy can be further subdivided into micropexophagy, the engulfment of a cluster of peroxisomes at the vacuole surface and macropexophagy, the sequestration of individual peroxisomes by a double-membrane vesicle, followed by fusion with the vacuole. SGD:RSN A form of autophagy selective for mitochondria that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. The process can be further subdivided into micromitophagy, the engulfment of a cluster of mitochondria at the vacuole surface, and macromitophagy, the sequestration of individual mitochondria by a double-membrane vesicle, followed by fusion with the vacuole. YPO:0000240 observable APO:0000240 mitophagy APO:0000240 A form of autophagy selective for mitochondria that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. The process can be further subdivided into micromitophagy, the engulfment of a cluster of mitochondria at the vacuole surface, and macromitophagy, the sequestration of individual mitochondria by a double-membrane vesicle, followed by fusion with the vacuole. SGD:RSN The level of resistance to one or more cycles of freezing and thawing. YPO:0000241 resistance to freeze-thaw treatment observable APO:0000241 freeze-thaw resistance APO:0000241 The level of resistance to one or more cycles of freezing and thawing. SGD:RSN The size, shape, or appearance of lipid particles or droplets, subcellular structures consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids (triacylglycerol and steryl esters), surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with a small quantity of embedded proteins including enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis. Lipid particles function as a storage compartment for lipid components. YPO:0000242 lipid body lipid droplet observable APO:0000242 lipid particle morphology APO:0000242 The size, shape, or appearance of lipid particles or droplets, subcellular structures consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids (triacylglycerol and steryl esters), surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer with a small quantity of embedded proteins including enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis. Lipid particles function as a storage compartment for lipid components. SGD:RSN lipid body SGD:RSN lipid droplet SGD:RSN The size, shape or appearance of the Golgi apparatus or its parts. YPO:0000243 observable APO:0000243 Golgi morphology APO:0000243 The size, shape or appearance of the Golgi apparatus or its parts. SGD:RSN YPO:0000244 BioGRID:curators experiment_type APO:0000244 PCA APO:0000244 Observed feature is decreased with respect to time compared to that in the wild type (slower). curators slower qualifier APO:0000245 decreased rate APO:0000245 Observed feature is decreased with respect to time compared to that in the wild type (slower). SGD:RSN slower SGD:RSN Observed feature is increased with respect to time compared to that in the wild type (faster, accelerated). YPO:0000246 faster qualifier accelerated APO:0000246 increased rate APO:0000246 Observed feature is increased with respect to time compared to that in the wild type (faster, accelerated). SGD:RSN faster SGD:RSN accelerated SGD:RSN Observed feature occurs over a decreased period of time relative to wild type. YPO:0000247 decreased length qualifier APO:0000247 decreased duration APO:0000247 Observed feature occurs over a decreased period of time relative to wild type. SGD:RSN decreased length SGD:RSN Observed feature occurs over an increased period of time relative to wild type. YPO:0000248 increased length qualifier APO:0000248 increased duration APO:0000248 Observed feature occurs over an increased period of time relative to wild type. SGD:RSN increased length SGD:RSN Observed feature occurs after being postponed for a period of time relative to wild type. YPO:0000249 postponed qualifier APO:0000249 delayed APO:0000249 Observed feature occurs after being postponed for a period of time relative to wild type. SGD:RSN postponed SGD:RSN Observed feature does not occur in a given time period relative to wild type. YPO:0000250 qualifier APO:0000250 arrested APO:0000250 Observed feature does not occur in a given time period relative to wild type. SGD:RSN Observed feature occurs too soon, existing before the proper or usual time compared to wild type. YPO:0000251 qualifier APO:0000251 premature APO:0000251 Observed feature occurs too soon, existing before the proper or usual time compared to wild type. SGD:RSN Observed feature occurs at the same time relative to wild type. YPO:0000252 qualifier APO:0000252 normal rate APO:0000252 Observed feature occurs at the same time relative to wild type. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000253 observable APO:0000253 cell cycle progression APO:0000253 Progression of cells through the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through the G2 phase or second gap phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis. YPO:0000254 observable APO:0000254 cell cycle progression in G2 phase APO:0000254 Progression of cells through the G2 phase or second gap phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the interval between the completion of DNA synthesis and the beginning of mitosis. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through the G1 or first gap phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. YPO:0000255 observable APO:0000255 cell cycle progression in G1 phase APO:0000255 Progression of cells through the G1 or first gap phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the interval between the completion of mitosis and the beginning of DNA synthesis. SGD:RSN Passage of cells through cell cycle control point or checkpoint located late in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just prior to S phase entry; passage through START results in commits cells to progression through the entire cell cycle. YPO:0000256 G1 checkpoint observable APO:0000256 cell cycle passage through START APO:0000256 Passage of cells through cell cycle control point or checkpoint located late in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle just prior to S phase entry; passage through START results in commits cells to progression through the entire cell cycle. SGD:RSN G1 checkpoint SGD:RSN Progression of cells from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000257 observable APO:0000257 cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase transition APO:0000257 Progression of cells from G2 phase to M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through the M phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the phase in which mitosis occurs. YPO:0000258 observable APO:0000258 cell cycle progression in M phase APO:0000258 Progression of cells through the M phase of the mitotic cell cycle, the phase in which mitosis occurs. SGD:RSN Progression of cells from metaphase to anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000259 observable APO:0000259 cell cycle passage through the metaphase-anaphase transition APO:0000259 Progression of cells from metaphase to anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000260 observable APO:0000260 cell cycle progression in anaphase APO:0000260 Progression of cells through anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through early anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000261 observable APO:0000261 cell cycle progression in early anaphase APO:0000261 Progression of cells through early anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through mid anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000262 observable APO:0000262 cell cycle progression in mid anaphase APO:0000262 Progression of cells through mid anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through late anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000263 observable APO:0000263 cell cycle progression in late anaphase APO:0000263 Progression of cells through late anaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through metaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000264 observable APO:0000264 cell cycle progression in metaphase APO:0000264 Progression of cells through metaphase during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000265 observable APO:0000265 cell cycle progression in telophase APO:0000265 Progression of cells through telophase, the last of the stages of mitosis during M phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle where DNA synthesis occurs. YPO:0000266 observable APO:0000266 cell cycle progression in S phase APO:0000266 Progression of cells through S phase, the part of the mitotic cell cycle where DNA synthesis occurs. SGD:RSN Entry of cells into the G0 or stationary phase of the mitotic cell cycle, where they enter a quiescent state. YPO:0000267 observable APO:0000267 entry into G0 (stationary phase) APO:0000267 Entry of cells into the G0 or stationary phase of the mitotic cell cycle, where they enter a quiescent state. SGD:RSN Exit of cells from the G0 or stationary phase of the mitotic cell cycle, where they move from a quiescent state to one where growth and division resumes in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000268 observable APO:0000268 exit from G0 (stationary phase) APO:0000268 Exit of cells from the G0 or stationary phase of the mitotic cell cycle, where they move from a quiescent state to one where growth and division resumes in the G1 phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN Progression of cells from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. YPO:0000269 observable APO:0000269 cell cycle progression through the G1/S phase transition APO:0000269 Progression of cells from G1 phase to S phase of the mitotic cell cycle. SGD:RSN The size, shape, or appearance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or its parts. YPO:0000270 observable APO:0000270 endoplasmic reticulum morphology APO:0000270 The size, shape, or appearance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or its parts. SGD:RSN Covalent modification of a specified RNA; type of modification specified. YPO:0000271 observable APO:0000271 RNA modification APO:0000271 Covalent modification of a specified RNA; type of modification specified. SGD:RSN YPO:0000272 BioGRID:curators experiment_type APO:0000272 Synthetic Haploinsufficiency APO:0000272 The size, shape, or appearance of the nucleolus or its parts. curators observable APO:0000273 nucleolar morphology APO:0000273 The size, shape, or appearance of the nucleolus or its parts. SGD:RSN The presence or absence of prions. YPO:0000274 observable APO:0000274 prion state APO:0000274 The presence or absence of prions. SGD:RSN The transmission of prions from a mother cell to a daughter cell during budding. YPO:0000275 observable APO:0000275 prion inheritance APO:0000275 The transmission of prions from a mother cell to a daughter cell during budding. SGD:RSN The conversion from the state of being prion-free to the state of having prions. YPO:0000276 prion acquisition observable APO:0000276 prion formation APO:0000276 The conversion from the state of being prion-free to the state of having prions. SGD:RSN The conversion from the state of having prions to the state of being prion-free. YPO:0000277 observable prion curing APO:0000277 prion loss APO:0000277 The conversion from the state of having prions to the state of being prion-free. SGD:RSN Observed feature does not change with respect to time compared to that in the wild type. YPO:0000278 qualifier APO:0000278 normal duration APO:0000278 Observed feature does not change with respect to time compared to that in the wild type. SGD:RSN Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a haploid background. experiment_type APO:0000279 haploid, classical genetics APO:0000279 Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a haploid background. AspGD:mcc Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a haploid background. experiment_type APO:0000280 haploid, competitive growth APO:0000280 Any competitive growth experiment carried out in a haploid background. AspGD:mcc Any large-scale survey experiment carried out in a haploid background. experiment_type APO:0000281 haploid, large-scale survey APO:0000281 Any large-scale survey experiment carried out in a haploid background. AspGD:mcc Any classical genetics experiment carried out in an aneuploid background, where the strain carries more or fewer copies than normal of a large chromosomal region, or of one or more entire chromosomes. experiment_type APO:0000282 aneuploid, classical genetics APO:0000282 Any classical genetics experiment carried out in an aneuploid background, where the strain carries more or fewer copies than normal of a large chromosomal region, or of one or more entire chromosomes. AspGD:mcc Any large-scale survey experiment carried out in an aneuploid background. experiment_type APO:0000283 aneuploid, large-scale survey APO:0000283 Any large-scale survey experiment carried out in an aneuploid background. AspGD:mcc Any competitive growth experiment carried out in an aneuploid background. experiment_type APO:0000284 aneuploid, competitive growth APO:0000284 Any competitive growth experiment carried out in an aneuploid background. AspGD:mcc Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in a haploid background. experiment_type APO:0000285 haploid, systematic mutation set APO:0000285 Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in a haploid background. AspGD:mcc Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in an aneuploid background. experiment_type APO:0000286 aneuploid, systematic mutation set APO:0000286 Robotic generation and analysis of large-scale, genome-wide knockout sets carried out in an aneuploid background. AspGD:mcc Processes relating to interaction with the environment or with a host organism. observable APO:0000287 interaction with host/environment APO:0000287 Processes relating to interaction with the environment or with a host organism. AspGD:mcc Adherence to a substrate in the environment or in a host. observable APO:0000288 adhesion APO:0000288 Adherence to a substrate in the environment or in a host. AspGD:mcc The response to visible light. observable APO:0000289 response to light APO:0000289 The response to visible light. AspGD:mcc OBSOLETE: The induction of an allergic response in the host organism. observable APO:0000290 allergy induction true APO:0000290 OBSOLETE: The induction of an allergic response in the host organism. AspGD:mcc The development of a discrete anatomical structure. observable APO:0000291 formation of anatomical structure APO:0000291 The development of a discrete anatomical structure. AspGD:mcc The production of secondary metabolites, which are compounds that are not directly involved in normal growth, development or reproduction. observable APO:0000292 secondary metabolite production APO:0000292 The production of secondary metabolites, which are compounds that are not directly involved in normal growth, development or reproduction. AspGD:mcc The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of zinc. observable APO:0000293 utilization of zinc source APO:0000293 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of zinc. AspGD:mcc The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of magnesium. observable APO:0000294 utilization of magnesium source APO:0000294 The ability to utilize the specified compound as a source of magnesium. AspGD:mcc The formation of conidia, which are asexual spores. observable APO:0000295 conidiation APO:0000295 The formation of conidia, which are asexual spores. AspGD:mcc The localization and placement of a particular organelle. observable APO:0000296 organelle distribution APO:0000296 The localization and placement of a particular organelle. SGD:mcc The localization and placement of mitochondria within a cell or between separating cells. observable APO:0000297 mitochondrial distribution APO:0000297 The localization and placement of mitochondria within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The localization and placement of peroxisomes within a cell or between separating cells. observable APO:0000298 peroxisomal distribution APO:0000298 The localization and placement of peroxisomes within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The localization and placement of vacuoles within a cell or between separating cells. observable APO:0000299 vacuolar distribution APO:0000299 The localization and placement of vacuoles within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The localization and placement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within a cell or between separating cells. observable APO:0000300 endoplasmic reticulum distribution APO:0000300 The localization and placement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The localization and placement of the Golgi apparatus within a cell or between separating cells. observable APO:0000301 Golgi distribution APO:0000301 The localization and placement of the Golgi apparatus within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The localization and placement of secretory, endocytic, or undefined vesicles within a cell or between separating cells. observable APO:0000302 vesicle distribution APO:0000302 The localization and placement of secretory, endocytic, or undefined vesicles within a cell or between separating cells. SGD:mcc The size, shape, or appearance of components of the endomembrane system, which includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and endocytic and exocytic vesicles. observable APO:0000303 endomembrane system morphology APO:0000303 The size, shape, or appearance of components of the endomembrane system, which includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and endocytic and exocytic vesicles. PMID:19121819 SGD:mcc Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a heterozygous diploid background. experiment_type APO:0000304 heterozygous diploid, classical genetics APO:0000304 Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a heterozygous diploid background. AspGD:mcc Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a homozygous diploid background. experiment_type APO:0000305 homozygous diploid, classical genetics APO:0000305 Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a homozygous diploid background. AspGD:mcc The production of viable cells arising from conidia, or asexual spores. observable APO:0000306 conidial germination APO:0000306 The production of viable cells arising from conidia, or asexual spores. AspGD:mcc Growth in the absence of oxygen. observable APO:0000307 anaerobic growth APO:0000307 Growth in the absence of oxygen. SGD:mcc Growth while utilizing a fermentable carbon source. observable APO:0000308 fermentative growth APO:0000308 Growth while utilizing a fermentable carbon source. SGD:mcc Growth while utilizing a nonfermentable carbon source. observable APO:0000309 respiratory growth APO:0000309 Growth while utilizing a nonfermentable carbon source. SGD:mcc Growth in liquid culture during the exponential phase. observable APO:0000310 growth in exponential phase APO:0000310 Growth in liquid culture during the exponential phase. SGD:mcc Growth in liquid culture during the post-diauxic phase. observable APO:0000311 growth in post-diauxic phase APO:0000311 Growth in liquid culture during the post-diauxic phase. SGD:mcc The cessation of the life of an individual cell. observable APO:0000312 cell death APO:0000312 The cessation of the life of an individual cell. SGD:mcc A regulated form of cell death that occurs in stationary phase mycelial cultures of filamentous fungi, often in response to carbon starvation. It is characterized by cell wall degradation, hyphal fragmentation and vacuolization, production of intracellular and extracellular hydrolases, and release of ammonia. observable APO:0000313 autolysis APO:0000313 A regulated form of cell death that occurs in stationary phase mycelial cultures of filamentous fungi, often in response to carbon starvation. It is characterized by cell wall degradation, hyphal fragmentation and vacuolization, production of intracellular and extracellular hydrolases, and release of ammonia. AspGD:mcc PMID:12892635 PMID:18975147 PMID:19286987 The breaking apart of a fully formed cell. observable APO:0000314 cell lysis APO:0000314 The breaking apart of a fully formed cell. AspGD:di The size, shape, or appearance of the plasma membrane. observable APO:0000315 plasma membrane morphology APO:0000315 The size, shape, or appearance of the plasma membrane. SGD:mcc The number of days that a culture remains viable in stationary phase. observable APO:0000316 chronological lifespan APO:0000316 The number of days that a culture remains viable in stationary phase. PMID:17634577 SGD:mcc The number of divisions that a cell undergoes before dying. observable APO:0000317 replicative lifespan APO:0000317 The number of divisions that a cell undergoes before dying. PMID:17634577 SGD:mcc An interaction is inferred when a bait protein, tagged with luciferase, is enzymatically detected in immunoprecipitates of the prey protein as light emission. The prey protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag. experiment_type APO:0000318 Affinity Capture-Luminescence APO:0000318 An interaction is inferred when a bait protein, tagged with luciferase, is enzymatically detected in immunoprecipitates of the prey protein as light emission. The prey protein is affinity captured from cell extracts by either polyclonal antibody or epitope tag. BioGRID:mcc Formation of chlamydospores, which are large, asexual, one-celled spores with a thickened, refractile cell wall that are borne on the ends of suspensor cells attached to hyphae or pseudohyphae. observable APO:0000319 chlamydospore formation APO:0000319 Formation of chlamydospores, which are large, asexual, one-celled spores with a thickened, refractile cell wall that are borne on the ends of suspensor cells attached to hyphae or pseudohyphae. CGD:mcc PMID:14663094 Formation of an elongated evagination that develops from a yeast-form cell and continues growth to become a hyphal cell. The initiation of germ tube growth is referred to as the yeast-to-hyphal transition. observable APO:0000320 germ tube formation APO:0000320 Formation of an elongated evagination that develops from a yeast-form cell and continues growth to become a hyphal cell. The initiation of germ tube growth is referred to as the yeast-to-hyphal transition. CGD:mcc PMID:17506678 The ability to undergo a reversible change from one distinct phenotype to another, resulting from changes in gene expression rather than from mutation. Cells in a specific phenotypic state have a distinct cellular morphology, which may be reflected in distinct colony morphology and different cellular properties, such as the ability to mate. A well-known example of phenotypic switching is the white-opaque switch of Candida albicans. observable APO:0000321 phenotypic switching APO:0000321 The ability to undergo a reversible change from one distinct phenotype to another, resulting from changes in gene expression rather than from mutation. Cells in a specific phenotypic state have a distinct cellular morphology, which may be reflected in distinct colony morphology and different cellular properties, such as the ability to mate. A well-known example of phenotypic switching is the white-opaque switch of Candida albicans. CGD:mcc PMID:16313617 PMID:17506678 experiment_type APO:0000322 Negative Genetic APO:0000322 experiment_type APO:0000323 Positive Genetic APO:0000323 The ability of a pathogen to survive an attack by host cells such as neutrophils. Maria 2010-05-12T09:18:26Z observable APO:0000324 resistance to killing by host cells APO:0000324 The ability of a pathogen to survive an attack by host cells such as neutrophils. CGD:mcc PMID:20415594 The ability of a pathogen to evade or escape phagocytosis by host cells such as macrophages. Maria 2010-05-12T09:20:05Z observable APO:0000325 resistance to phagocytosis APO:0000325 The ability of a pathogen to evade or escape phagocytosis by host cells such as macrophages. CGD:mcc PMID:16759234 The level of resistance to air-drying or desiccation stress. Maria 2010-05-12T09:22:02Z resistance to desiccation observable APO:0000326 desiccation resistance APO:0000326 The level of resistance to air-drying or desiccation stress. PMID:18224659 SGD:mcc The level of resistance to increased hydrostatic pressure. Maria 2010-05-12T09:22:53Z resistance to hydrostatic pressure observable APO:0000327 hydrostatic pressure resistance APO:0000327 The level of resistance to increased hydrostatic pressure. PMID:11027279 PMID:18245339 SGD:mcc Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a background where the ploidy of the mutation or strain is unknown. Maria 2010-10-26T03:35:09Z experiment_type APO:0000328 unknown ploidy, classical genetics APO:0000328 Any classical genetics experiment carried out in a background where the ploidy of the mutation or strain is unknown. CGD:mcc The induction of host immune cell differentiation, cytokine secretion, cytokine transcriptional regulation or other related host responses to infection by or contact with a microbe. Maria 2011-01-28T09:00:49Z observable APO:0000329 induction of host response APO:0000329 The induction of host immune cell differentiation, cytokine secretion, cytokine transcriptional regulation or other related host responses to infection by or contact with a microbe. AspGD:doi The heterozygous diploid displays an increased growth rate relative to a diploid that is homozygous wild type at that locus. mariacostanzo 2013-04-16T01:29:09Z observable APO:0000330 haploproficient APO:0000330 The heterozygous diploid displays an increased growth rate relative to a diploid that is homozygous wild type at that locus. PMID:23531409 SGD:mcc The formation of a coating of extracellular polysaccharide material, as in fungi such a Cryptococcus. mariacostanzo 2013-04-16T02:21:42Z observable APO:0000331 capsule formation APO:0000331 The formation of a coating of extracellular polysaccharide material, as in fungi such a Cryptococcus. CryptoGD:doi Formation of a protrusion in a subapical hyphal cell that fuses with a clamp cell to form a fused clamp, in Basidiomycetes. mariacostanzo 2013-04-16T02:23:17Z observable APO:0000332 peg formation APO:0000332 Formation of a protrusion in a subapical hyphal cell that fuses with a clamp cell to form a fused clamp, in Basidiomycetes. CryptoGD:doi The ability to survive a period of exposure to an acute heat shock after brief pretreatment at a mildly elevated temperature. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:27:33Z observable APO:0000333 acquired thermotolerance APO:0000333 The ability to survive a period of exposure to an acute heat shock after brief pretreatment at a mildly elevated temperature. SGD:RSN The natural or innate ability of a cell to survive a period of exposure to an acute heat shock without pretreatment. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:28:34Z observable APO:0000334 innate thermotolerance APO:0000334 The natural or innate ability of a cell to survive a period of exposure to an acute heat shock without pretreatment. SGD:RSN The size of the nucleolus. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:30:01Z observable APO:0000335 size of nucleolus APO:0000335 The size of the nucleolus. SGD:mcc The gain or loss of a chromosome, so that the cell has a number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the usual complement. Aneuploidy may also be partial, affecting a large segment of a chromosome that is lost or translocated to a different chromosome. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:30:54Z observable APO:0000336 aneuploidy APO:0000336 The gain or loss of a chromosome, so that the cell has a number of chromosomes that is not a multiple of the usual complement. Aneuploidy may also be partial, affecting a large segment of a chromosome that is lost or translocated to a different chromosome. SGD:mcc The gain of an entire set or sets of chromosomes beyond the usual complement. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:31:39Z observable APO:0000337 polyploidy APO:0000337 The gain of an entire set or sets of chromosomes beyond the usual complement. SGD:mcc A form of microautophagy selective for the nucleus that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:32:30Z piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus observable APO:0000338 micronucleophagy APO:0000338 A form of microautophagy selective for the nucleus that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. SGD:RSN piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus SGD:mcc A form of macroautophagy selective for ribosomes that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:33:49Z observable APO:0000339 ribophagy APO:0000339 A form of macroautophagy selective for ribosomes that occurs in response to starvation, damage or during a shift in environmental conditions. SGD:RSN A form of macroautophagy selective for the endoplasmic reticulum that occurs in response to starvation, ER stress, aggregate accumulation or during a shift in environmental conditions. mariacostanzo 2014-06-30T03:34:39Z observable APO:0000340 reticulophagy APO:0000340 A form of macroautophagy selective for the endoplasmic reticulum that occurs in response to starvation, ER stress, aggregate accumulation or during a shift in environmental conditions. SGD:RSN Selective degradation of nucleoplasm that occurs upon nitrogen starvation, in which parts of the nucleus and perinuclear ER are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to the vacuole for degradation. In S. cerevisiae, Atg39p is involved in this process. mariacostanzo 2015-06-12T01:58:26Z observable APO:0000341 nucleophagy APO:0000341 Selective degradation of nucleoplasm that occurs upon nitrogen starvation, in which parts of the nucleus and perinuclear ER are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to the vacuole for degradation. In S. cerevisiae, Atg39p is involved in this process. PMID:26040717 SGD:mcc The autophagic degradation of bulk nucleoplasm that occurs after prolonged nitrogen starvation. In late nucleophagy, delivery of the nuclear cargo to the vacuole does not involve autophagosomes. mariacostanzo 2015-06-12T01:59:32Z observable APO:0000342 late nucleophagy APO:0000342 The autophagic degradation of bulk nucleoplasm that occurs after prolonged nitrogen starvation. In late nucleophagy, delivery of the nuclear cargo to the vacuole does not involve autophagosomes. PMID:22768199 PMID:24013549 SGD:mcc true YPO:0000001 true YPO:0000002 true YPO:0000003 true YPO:0000004 true YPO:0000005 true YPO:0000006 true YPO:0000007 true YPO:0000008 true YPO:0000009 true YPO:0000010 true YPO:0000011 true YPO:0000012 true YPO:0000013 true YPO:0000014 true YPO:0000015 true YPO:0000016 true YPO:0000017 true YPO:0000018 true YPO:0000019 true YPO:0000020 true YPO:0000021 true YPO:0000022 true YPO:0000023 true YPO:0000024 true YPO:0000025 true YPO:0000026 true YPO:0000027 true YPO:0000028 true YPO:0000029 true YPO:0000030 true YPO:0000031 true YPO:0000032 true YPO:0000033 true YPO:0000034 true YPO:0000035 true YPO:0000036 true YPO:0000037 true YPO:0000038 true YPO:0000039 true YPO:0000040 true YPO:0000041 true YPO:0000042 true YPO:0000043 true YPO:0000044 true YPO:0000045 true YPO:0000046 true YPO:0000047 true YPO:0000048 true YPO:0000049 true YPO:0000050 true YPO:0000051 true YPO:0000052 true YPO:0000053 true YPO:0000054 true YPO:0000055 true YPO:0000056 true YPO:0000057 true YPO:0000058 true YPO:0000059 true YPO:0000060 true YPO:0000061 true YPO:0000062 true YPO:0000063 true YPO:0000064 true YPO:0000065 true YPO:0000066 true YPO:0000067 true YPO:0000068 true YPO:0000069 true YPO:0000070 true YPO:0000071 true YPO:0000072 true YPO:0000073 true YPO:0000074 true YPO:0000075 true YPO:0000076 true YPO:0000077 true YPO:0000078 true YPO:0000079 true YPO:0000080 true YPO:0000081 true YPO:0000082 true YPO:0000083 true YPO:0000084 true YPO:0000085 true YPO:0000086 true YPO:0000087 true YPO:0000088 true YPO:0000089 true YPO:0000090 true YPO:0000091 true YPO:0000092 true YPO:0000093 true YPO:0000094 true YPO:0000095 true YPO:0000096 true YPO:0000097 true YPO:0000098 true YPO:0000099 true YPO:0000100 true YPO:0000101 true YPO:0000102 true YPO:0000103 true YPO:0000104 true YPO:0000105 true YPO:0000106 true YPO:0000107 true YPO:0000108 true YPO:0000109 true YPO:0000110 true YPO:0000111 true YPO:0000112 true YPO:0000113 true YPO:0000114 true YPO:0000115 true YPO:0000116 true YPO:0000117 true YPO:0000118 true YPO:0000119 true YPO:0000120 true YPO:0000121 true YPO:0000122 true YPO:0000123 true YPO:0000124 true YPO:0000125 true YPO:0000126 true YPO:0000127 true YPO:0000128 true YPO:0000129 true YPO:0000130 true YPO:0000131 true YPO:0000132 true YPO:0000133 true YPO:0000134 true YPO:0000135 true YPO:0000136 true YPO:0000137 true YPO:0000138 true YPO:0000139 true YPO:0000140 true YPO:0000141 true YPO:0000142 true YPO:0000143 true YPO:0000144 true YPO:0000145 true YPO:0000146 true YPO:0000147 true YPO:0000148 true YPO:0000149 true YPO:0000150 true YPO:0000151 true YPO:0000152 true YPO:0000153 true YPO:0000154 true YPO:0000155 true YPO:0000156 true YPO:0000157 true YPO:0000158 true YPO:0000159 true YPO:0000160 true YPO:0000161 true YPO:0000162 true YPO:0000163 true YPO:0000164 true YPO:0000165 true YPO:0000166 true YPO:0000167 true YPO:0000168 true YPO:0000169 true YPO:0000170 true YPO:0000171 true YPO:0000172 true YPO:0000173 true YPO:0000174 true YPO:0000175 true YPO:0000176 true YPO:0000177 true YPO:0000178 true YPO:0000179 true YPO:0000180 true YPO:0000181 true YPO:0000182 true YPO:0000183 true YPO:0000184 true YPO:0000185 true YPO:0000186 true YPO:0000187 true YPO:0000188 true YPO:0000189 true YPO:0000190 true YPO:0000191 true YPO:0000192 true YPO:0000193 true YPO:0000194 true YPO:0000195 true YPO:0000196 true YPO:0000197 true YPO:0000198 true YPO:0000199 true YPO:0000200 true YPO:0000201 true YPO:0000202 true YPO:0000203 true YPO:0000204 true YPO:0000205 true YPO:0000206 true YPO:0000207 true YPO:0000208 true YPO:0000209 true YPO:0000210 true YPO:0000211 true YPO:0000212 true YPO:0000213 true YPO:0000214 true YPO:0000215 true YPO:0000216 true YPO:0000217 true YPO:0000218 true YPO:0000219 true YPO:0000220 true YPO:0000221 true YPO:0000222 true YPO:0000223 true YPO:0000224 true YPO:0000225 true YPO:0000226 true YPO:0000227 true YPO:0000228 true YPO:0000229 true YPO:0000230 true YPO:0000231 true YPO:0000232 true YPO:0000233 true YPO:0000234 true YPO:0000235 true YPO:0000236 true YPO:0000237 true YPO:0000238 true YPO:0000239 true YPO:0000240 true YPO:0000241 true YPO:0000242 true YPO:0000243 true YPO:0000244 true YPO:0000246 true YPO:0000247 true YPO:0000248 true YPO:0000249 true YPO:0000250 true YPO:0000251 true YPO:0000252 true YPO:0000253 true YPO:0000254 true YPO:0000255 true YPO:0000256 true YPO:0000257 true YPO:0000258 true YPO:0000259 true YPO:0000260 true YPO:0000261 true YPO:0000262 true YPO:0000263 true YPO:0000264 true YPO:0000265 true YPO:0000266 true YPO:0000267 true YPO:0000268 true YPO:0000269 true YPO:0000270 true YPO:0000271 true YPO:0000272 true YPO:0000274 true YPO:0000275 true YPO:0000276 true YPO:0000277 true YPO:0000278 true curators 2025-06-17 releases/2025-06-17 Maria Costanzo Suzi Aleksander A structured controlled vocabulary for the phenotypes of Ascomycete fungi. 02:01:2021 Ascomycete Phenotype Ontology (APO) * APO:$sequence(7,0000001,9999999)$ OBO-Edit 2.1 02:02:2021 14:22 ascomycete_phenotype_ontology 1.2 Filtered by Subset contains "SGD"; contact sgd-helpdesk@lists.stanford.edu 2025-06-17