OBO-Edit 2.2 bcteo 1.1 definition database_cross_reference has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym bcteo part_of part_of Phase in which cells are loaded onto a carrier, substrate or threedimensional material. bcteo ID:0000000 Cell seeding ID:0000000 Experimental phase aimed to amplify the number of cell in culture, through their doubling. bcteo ID:0000001 Cell expansion ID:0000001 Property that is typical of a specific scaffold, depending not only on the material but even on the shape, the size, the structure etc. bcteo ID:0000002 Scaffold property ID:0000002 Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. caro ID:0000003 Cell ID:0000003 Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:0000013 Property that reveals the reaction, either elastic or plastic, of a metal to an applied stress. Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, impact strength, and bend ability are examples of mechanical properties. bcteo ID:0000004 Mechanical property ID:0000004 Experimental environment where cells are expanded. It describes all the biological parameters related to cell expansion. bcteo ID:0000005 Cell expansion environment ID:0000005 Property of materials, biological tissues or other objects, and their specific structural features. It can regard aspects of the outward appearance (shape, structure, pattern) as well as the form and structure of the internal parts. bcteo ID:0000006 Morphological property ID:0000006 Tissue grown on substitute material. bcteo ID:0000007 Neoformed tissue ID:0000007 Cell culture where the cells derive from a fresh tissue source. obi ID:0000008 Primary cell culture ID:0000008 Cell culture where the cells derive from a fresh tissue source. OBI:0100061 Mass per unit volume. OPB:00546 bcteo ID:0000009 Density ID:0000009 Measure of the stiffness of an elastic material and is a quantity used to characterize materials. It is defined as the ratio of the stress along an axis over the strain along that axis in the range of stress in which Hooke's law holds. bcteo Elastic modulus Tensile modulus ID:0000010 Young's module ID:0000010 The shape of the pores in the material. bcteo ID:0000011 Pore shape ID:0000011 NCBITaxon:9940 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000012 Ovis aries ID:0000012 Percentage of pore space. bcteo ID:0000013 Total porosity ID:0000013 A round, flattened, platelike structure. bcteo ID:0000014 Disk ID:0000014 Ability of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically, and release that energy upon unloading. bcteo ID:0000015 Resilience ID:0000015 A symmetrical three-dimensional shape, either solid or hollow, contained by six equal squares. bcteo ID:0000016 Cube ID:0000016 Measure of the void (i.e., "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0 and 100%. bcteo ID:0000017 Porosity ID:0000017 Liquid or gel designed to support the growth of microorganisms or cells. There are different types of media for growing different types of cells. bcteo ID:0000018 Culture medium ID:0000018 Liquid or gel designed to expand cells. There are different types of media for culture different types of cells. bcteo ID:0000019 Expansion medium ID:0000019 Population of cells cultured in vitro that are descended through one or more generations (and possible sub-cultures) from a single primary culture which was originally derived from part of an organism. The cells of such a population share common characteristics. ero ID:0000020 Cell line ID:0000020 Population of cells cultured in vitro that are descended through one or more generations (and possible sub-cultures) from a single primary culture which was originally derived from part of an organism. The cells of such a population share common characteristics. ERO:0000009 A methodical procedure carried out with the goal of verifying, falsifying, or establishing the validity of a hypothesis. bcteo ID:0000021 Experiment ID:0000021 The magnitude of a quantity, such as length or mass, relative to a unit of measurement. bcteo ID:0000022 Size ID:0000022 A study design that is done in a test environment, such as a culture dish, using an established cell culture procedure. bcteo In vitro study ID:0000023 In vitro study ID:0000023 In vitro study OBI:0001285 A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. pato ID:0000024 Weight ID:0000024 A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. PATO:0000128 The pores in the material considered collectively. bcteo ID:0000025 Pore volume ID:0000025 Geometrical description of the part of that space occupied by the object, as determined by its external boundary, abstracting from location and orientation in space, size, and other properties such as colour, content, and material composition. bcteo ID:0000026 Shape ID:0000026 A study design that is conducted entirely in a living organism, e.g. a compound treatment in a mouse model. obi ID:0000027 In vivo study ID:0000027 A study design that is conducted entirely in a living organism, e.g. a compound treatment in a mouse model. OBI:0001199 A medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure. bcteo ID:0000028 Implant ID:0000028 An substitute material implant out of the original place. bcteo ID:0000029 Ectopic implant ID:0000029 A substitute material implant in the original place. bcteo ID:0000030 Orthotopic implant ID:0000030 The tissue which binds together and is the support of the various structures of the body. It is made up of fibroblasts, fibroglia, collagen fibrils, and elastic fibrils. It is derived from the mesoderm and in a broad sense includes the collagenous, elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. Some also include the blood in this group of tissues. Connective tissue is classified according to concentration of fibers as loose (areolar) and dense, the latter having more abundant fibers than the former. bto ID:0000031 Connective tissue ID:0000031 The tissue which binds together and is the support of the various structures of the body. It is made up of fibroblasts, fibroglia, collagen fibrils, and elastic fibrils. It is derived from the mesoderm and in a broad sense includes the collagenous, elastic, mucous, reticular, osseous, and cartilaginous tissue. Some also include the blood in this group of tissues. Connective tissue is classified according to concentration of fibers as loose (areolar) and dense, the latter having more abundant fibers than the former. BTO:0000421 Ceramic materials not included in the ceramic list. bcteo ID:0000032 Other ceramic material ID:0000032 Eveluation of the biochemical, molecular, mechanical events activated within the cell when cultured on a material. The nature of these intracellular events differs according to the type of cell and the considered material. bcteo ID:0000033 Cellular response evaluation ID:0000033 Range of physical, mental, and behavioral characteristics distinguishing between masculinity and femininity. snomedct ID:0000034 Gender ID:0000034 Range of physical, mental, and behavioral characteristics distinguishing between masculinity and femininity. SNOMEDCT:263495000 A non-drug substance suitable for inclusion in systems which augment or replace the function of bodily tissues or organs. bcteo ID:0000035 Biomaterial ID:0000035 an essential or inherent property of a system or of a material itself or within. It is independent of how much of the material is present and is independent of the form of the material. Intrinsic properties are dependent mainly on the chemical composition or structure of the material. bcteo ID:0000036 Intrinsic property ID:0000036 Material's property that can be discerned without changing the chemical identity of the sample and that can be used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions. bcteo ID:0000037 Physical property ID:0000037 Material's property that becomes evident during a chemical reaction. bcteo ID:0000038 Chemical property ID:0000038 Property of a molecular entity to be attracted to, and tends to be dissolved by, water. bcteo ID:0000039 Hydrophilicity ID:0000039 Ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation. bcteo ID:0000040 Biocompatibility ID:0000040 Property of a molecular entity that is repelled from a mass of water. bcteo ID:0000041 Hydrophobicity ID:0000041 Property of a material that, upon placement within the organism, starts to dissolve (resorbed) and, in some cases, is slowly replaced by advancing tissue (such as bone). bcteo ID:0000042 Resorbability ID:0000042 Stability of a molecule at high temperatures. bcteo ID:0000043 Thermal stability ID:0000043 It measures a material's ability to conduct an electric current. bcteo ID:0000044 Electrical conductivity ID:0000044 Property of a material to conduct heat. bcteo ID:0000045 Thermal conductivity ID:0000045 A temporal measurement of the time period elapsed since an identifiable point in the life cycle of an organism. If a developmental stage is specified, the identifiable point would be the beginning of that stage. Otherwise the identifiable point must be specified such as planting (e.g. 3 days post planting). mo ID:0000046 Age ID:0000046 A temporal measurement of the time period elapsed since an identifiable point in the life cycle of an organism. If a developmental stage is specified, the identifiable point would be the beginning of that stage. Otherwise the identifiable point must be specified such as planting (e.g. 3 days post planting). MO:467 bcteo ID:0000047 Cell seeding time ID:0000047 Duration of the cellular expansion phase. bcteo ID:0000048 Cell expansion time ID:0000048 Amount of used cells. bcteo ID:0000049 Cell quantity ID:0000049 A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. pato ID:0000050 Diameter ID:0000050 A length quality which is equal to the length of any straight line segment that passes through the center of a circle and whose endpoints are on the circular boundary. PATO:0001334 It gives an indication of the median or mean size of the pores on a membrane surface. bcteo ID:0000051 Pore size ID:0000051 Studies about the mechanical behavior of materials, especially their motion and deformation under the action of forces, temperature changes, phase changes, and other external or internal agents. bcteo ID:0000052 Mechanics analysis ID:0000052 It is the relative abundance of each pore size in a representative volume. bcteo ID:0000053 Pore size distribution ID:0000053 Investigation of biomolecules, which are molecules that are involved in the maintenance and metabolic processes of all living organisms. bcteo ID:0000054 Biomolecular analysis ID:0000054 The measurement of the extent of something along its greatest dimension. bcteo ID:0000055 Length ID:0000055 The distance from the base of something to the top. bcteo ID:0000056 Height ID:0000056 A piece of material measured along its smaller dimension or its crosswise grain. bcteo ID:0000057 Width ID:0000057 A solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval section. bcteo ID:0000058 Cylinder ID:0000058 A three-dimensional surface, all points of which are equidistant from a fixed point. bcteo ID:0000059 Sphere ID:0000059 Very high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy, with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit. The information is gathered by "feeling" the surface with a mechanical probe. Piezoelectric elements that facilitate tiny but accurate and precise movements on (electronic) command enable the very precise scanning. bcteo AFM ID:0000060 Atomic Force Microscopy ID:0000060 Technique used to study and characterize materials. It is most useful for studying the viscoelastic behavior of polymers. A sinusoidal stress is applied and the strain in the material is measured, allowing one to determine the complex modulus. The temperature of the sample or the frequency of the stress are often varied, leading to variations in the complex modulus. Each test provides a stress-strain curve as output, which describes the relationship between the applied stress and the shown strain for a particular material. bcteo DMA ID:0000061 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ID:0000061 Microtomography uses a similar technique as X-ray tomography systems used in medicine (CT Scans) but with much finer resolution. Multiple 2D X-ray images are stored while either the sample or the source / detector pair is rotated. Internal structures are reconstructed as a series of 2D cross sections (up to 2600 in a single scan) which are then used to analyze the two and three dimensional morphological parameters of the object. The process is non destructive and requires no special preparation of the specimen. bcteo Micro-CT ID:0000062 X-ray microtomography ID:0000062 A laboratory technique based on the PCR, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a specific DNA molecule based on the use of complementary probes/primers. It enables both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample. obi Kinetic polymerase chain reaction Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction Real Time PCR qPCR ID:0000063 Real-time polymerase chain reaction ID:0000063 A laboratory technique based on the PCR, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a specific DNA molecule based on the use of complementary probes/primers. It enables both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample. OBI:0000893 Microscopy technique whereby a beam of electrons is transmitted through an ultra thin specimen, interacting with the specimen as it passes through. TEMs are capable of imaging at a significantly higher resolution than light microscopes: this enables to examine fine detail. An image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; the image is magnified and focused onto an imaging device, such as a fluorescent screen, on a layer of photographic film, or to be detected by a sensor such as a CCD camera. bcteo TEM ID:0000064 Transmission electron microscopy ID:0000064 Gene expression microarray technology measures the relative activity of previously identified target genes and provide the gene expression profiling, which is the measurement, at once, of the activation of thousands of genes, to create a global picture of cellular function. bcteo DNA microarray ID:0000065 Gene expression microarray ID:0000065 DNA microarray OBI:0400148 Measuring method consisting of turning elements in a sample into ions, isolating them according to the ratio between the mass and charge numbers and detecting it electrically. PRIDE:0000027 obi ID:0000066 Mass Spectrometry ID:0000066 Measuring method consisting of turning elements in a sample into ions, isolating them according to the ratio between the mass and charge numbers and detecting it electrically. OBI:0000470 Histofluorescence (fluorescence of the tissues under exposure to ultraviolet rays following the injection of a fluorescent substance or as a result of a natural fluorescing substance) accomplished by injection of antibody labeled with fluorochrome. bcteo IHF ID:0000067 Immunohistofluorescence ID:0000067 study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. It is commonly performed by examining cells and tissues by sectioning and staining, followed by examination under a light microscope or electron microscope. Histological studies may be conducted via tissue culture, where live cells can be isolated and maintained in a proper environment outside the body for various research projects. The ability to visualize or differentially identify microscopic structures is frequently enhanced through the use of histological stains. OBI:0600020 bcteo ID:0000068 Histochemical staining ID:0000068 OBI:0600020 the visual examination of cells or tissue (or images of them) with an assessment regarding a quality of the cells or tissue. Parts are: staining, imaging, judgement Method using an antibody coupled with some colouring agent to detect a specific protein within a tissue sample. In some cases the primary antibody is directly linked to a colouring agent, more often the primary antibody is targeted by a secondary antibody, targeting the primary antibody. mi IHC ID:0000069 Immunohistochemistry ID:0000069 Method using an antibody coupled with some colouring agent to detect a specific protein within a tissue sample. In some cases the primary antibody is directly linked to a colouring agent, more often the primary antibody is targeted by a secondary antibody, targeting the primary antibody. MI:1198 Electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning it with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with electrons in the sample, producing various signals that can be detected and that contain information about the sample's surface topography and composition. The electron beam is generally scanned in a raster scan pattern, and the beam's position is combined with the detected signal to produce an image. SEM can achieve resolution better than 1 nanometer. bcteo SEM ID:0000070 Scanning electron microscopy ID:0000070 Investigations about the form and structure of organisms and their specific features. bcteo ID:0000071 Morphology analysis ID:0000071 Cartilage cells. They make the structural components of cartilage. bto ID:0000072 Chondrocyte ID:0000072 Cartilage cells. They make the structural components of cartilage. BTO:0000249 Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. cl ID:0000073 Osteoblast ID:0000073 Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized (hydroxyapatite) matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell. CL:0000062 A special adult stem cell, which is a multipotent stem cell, that can be found in bone marrow and can produce all cell types of bone, cartilage, fat, blood, and connective tissues. bto MSC ID:0000074 Mesenchymal stem cell ID:0000074 A special adult stem cell, which is a multipotent stem cell, that can be found in bone marrow and can produce all cell types of bone, cartilage, fat, blood, and connective tissues. BTO:0003298 A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. obi ID:0000075 Organism ID:0000075 A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. OBI:0100026 Amount of cells per volume of medium used. bcteo ID:0000076 Cell concentration ID:0000076 Affymetrix is a US company that manufactures DNA microarrays. bcteo ID:0000077 Affymetrix technology ID:0000077 Time when the substitue material is within the host. bcteo ID:0000078 Implant time ID:0000078 A specialized, fibrous connective tissue, forming most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo, providing a model in which most of the bones develop, and constituting an important part of the growth mechanism of the organism. It exists in several types, the most important of which are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Also used as a general term to designate a mass of such tissue in a particular site in the body. bto ID:0000079 Cartilage ID:0000079 A specialized, fibrous connective tissue, forming most of the temporary skeleton of the embryo, providing a model in which most of the bones develop, and constituting an important part of the growth mechanism of the organism. It exists in several types, the most important of which are hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Also used as a general term to designate a mass of such tissue in a particular site in the body. BTO:0000206 The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells. BTO:0000141 bto ID:0000080 Bone marrow ID:0000080 The soft, fatty, vascular tissue that fills most bone cavities and is the source of red blood cells and many white blood cells. BTO:0000141 Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat. BTO:0001487 bto ID:0000081 Adipose tissue ID:0000081 Connective tissue in which fat is stored and which has the cells distended by droplets of fat. BTO:0001487 A role which inheres in an organism or part thereof from which any part including cell, organ or tissue is removed with the intention that the donated part will be placed into another organism and/or cultured in vitro. obi ID:0000082 Donor ID:0000082 A role which inheres in an organism or part thereof from which any part including cell, organ or tissue is removed with the intention that the donated part will be placed into another organism and/or cultured in vitro. OBI:1110087 Organism for the implant. bcteo ID:0000083 Host ID:0000083 Solid, jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough. Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. By weight, gels are mostly liquid, yet they behave like solids due to a three-dimensional cross-linked network within the liquid. It is the crosslinking within the fluid that give a gel its structure (hardness) and contribute to the adhesive stick. bcteo ID:0000084 Gel ID:0000084 Metal materials not included in the previous list. bcteo ID:0000085 Other metal material ID:0000085 Steel alloy with a minimum of 10.5%[1] to 11% chromium content by mass. It does not readily corrode, rust or stain with water as ordinary steel does, but despite the name it is not fully stain-proof, most notably under low oxygen, high salinity, or poor circulation environments. bcteo Inox Inox steel ID:0000086 Stainless steel ID:0000086 Other polymeric materials not included in the previous list. bcteo ID:0000087 Other polymeric materials ID:0000087 Hyphenated technique, combining the separation power of liquid chromatography (LC), an analytical chromatographic technique for separating ions or molecules dissolved in a solvent, with the detection power of mass spectrometry(MS), a technique to separate gas phase ions according their m/z (mass to charge ratio) value. Used for drug screening, pharmacology studies, environmental analyses and forensics. nci_thesaurus LC/MS ID:0000088 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ID:0000088 Hyphenated technique, combining the separation power of liquid chromatography (LC), an analytical chromatographic technique for separating ions or molecules dissolved in a solvent, with the detection power of mass spectrometry(MS), a technique to separate gas phase ions according their m/z (mass to charge ratio) value. Used for drug screening, pharmacology studies, environmental analyses and forensics. Thesaurus:Liquid_Chromatography_Mass_Spectrometry Chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22. It has a low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant (including sea water, aqua regia and chlorine) transition metal with a silver color. bcteo ID:0000089 Titanium ID:0000089 Chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. bcteo Aloxide Aluminium oxide ID:0000090 Alumina ID:0000090 Non-metallic structural material that combines hardness, reduced fragility, and chemical inertness with high chemical stability in aggressive environments throughout a wide temperature range. bcteo ID:0000091 Partially stabilised zirconia ID:0000091 Subset of the thermoplastic polyethylene, characterized by extremely long chains, with a molecular weight usually between 2 and 6 million. The longer chain serves to transfer load more effectively to the polymer backbone by strengthening intermolecular interactions. bcteo HMPE HPPE High-modulus polyethylene High-performance polyethylene UHMW UHMWPE ID:0000092 Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene ID:0000092 Gel material not listed among the gels. bcteo ID:0000093 Other gel ID:0000093 Polycrystalline material produced through controlled crystallization of base glass. bcteo ID:0000094 Glass ceramic ID:0000094 Family of bioactive glasses, composed of SiO2, Na2O, CaO and P2O5 in specific proportions. bcteo ID:0000095 Bioglass ID:0000095 Calcium salt of phosphoric acid with the chemical formula Ca3(PO4)2. bcteo BPL Bone phosphate of lime Tribasic calcium phosphate ID:0000096 Tricalcium phosphate ID:0000096 Athermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable resources. bcteo PLA Polylactide ID:0000097 Polylactic acid ID:0000097 Chemical compound with the formula CaO. bcteo Burnt lime Quicklime ID:0000098 Calcium oxide ID:0000098 Chemical compound with the formula CaCO3. bcteo ID:0000099 Calcium carbonate ID:0000099 Very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. bcteo ID:0000100 Gypsum ID:0000100 The collection of material entities and their qualities that are located near a live organism, tissue or cell and can influence its growth. obi ID:0000101 Growth environment ID:0000101 The collection of material entities and their qualities that are located near a live organism, tissue or cell and can influence its growth. OBI:0000997 Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. caro ID:0000102 Tissue ID:0000102 Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. CARO:0000043 Natural tissue located within the organism in the natural site. bcteo ID:0000103 Natural tissue ID:0000103 Tissue that has been extracted from the organism. bcteo ID:0000104 Isolated tissue ID:0000104 The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton of most vertebrates; it consists of an organic component (the cells and matrix) and an inorganic, or mineral, component; the matrix contains a framework of collagenous fibers and is impregnated with the mineral component, chiefly calcium phosphate (85 per cent) and calcium carbonate (10 per cent), which imparts the quality of rigidity to bone. bto ID:0000105 Bone ID:0000105 The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton of most vertebrates; it consists of an organic component (the cells and matrix) and an inorganic, or mineral, component; the matrix contains a framework of collagenous fibers and is impregnated with the mineral component, chiefly calcium phosphate (85 per cent) and calcium carbonate (10 per cent), which imparts the quality of rigidity to bone. BTO:0000140 NCBITaxon:9606 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000106 Homo sapiens ID:0000106 NCBITaxon:10090 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000107 Mus musculus ID:0000107 NCBITaxon:10116 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000108 Rattus norvegicus ID:0000108 NCBITaxon:9986 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000109 Oryctolagus cuniculus ID:0000109 NCBITaxon:9913 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000110 Bos taurus ID:0000110 NCBITaxon:9925 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000111 Capra aegagrus hircus ID:0000111 A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. pato ID:0000112 Weight ID:0000112 A physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. PATO:0000128 Group of naturally occurring proteins found in animals, especially in the flesh and connective tissues of vertebrates. It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. bcteo ID:0000113 Collagen ID:0000113 An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine residues. chebi ID:0000114 Chitosan ID:0000114 An aminoglycan consisting of beta-(1->4)-linked D-glucosamine residues. CHEBI:16261 Inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. bcteo ID:0000115 Ceramic ID:0000115 Name given to a family of minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with orthophosphates (PO43-) bcteo ID:0000116 Calcium-phosphate based ceramic ID:0000116 Element, compound, or alloy that is a good conductor of both electricity and heat. Metals are usually shiny, malleable and ductile. bcteo ID:0000117 Metal ID:0000117 A nucleic acid microarray assay that uses the GeneChip System as the platform for analyzing complex genetic information. ero ID:0000118 Affymetrix chip ID:0000118 A nucleic acid microarray assay that uses the GeneChip System as the platform for analyzing complex genetic information. ERO:0001265 A mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc. chebi ID:0000119 Polymer ID:0000119 A mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc. CHEBI:60027 The effect/reaction/interaction/response of a given agent, such as a biomaterial or drug, upon a living organism or on living tissue. bcteo ID:0000120 Bioactivity ID:0000120 It refers to any material that once placed in the human body has minimal interaction with its surrounding tissue. Generally a fibrous capsule might form around bioinert implants hence its biofunctionality relies on tissue integration through the implant. bcteo ID:0000121 Bioinertness ID:0000121 Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. bcteo UTS TS Tensile strength Ultimate strength ID:0000122 Ultimate tensile strength ID:0000122 It measures the substance's resistance to uniform compression. It is defined as the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume. bcteo ID:0000123 Bulk modulus ID:0000123 The Affymetrix protocol first steps are RNA isolation and conversion to cDNA and cRNA. The RNA is then hybridized with the array probes (25-mer) and the unbound material washed away. Finally a signal amplifying reaction is performed, the microarray chip is ready to be scanned and the signal acquired. bcteo ID:0000124 Affymetrix protocol ID:0000124 DAT files contain raw image data; CEL files contain information about the expression levels of the individual probes; CHP files contain information about probe sets; EXP files contain information about experimental conditions and protocols. The CEL file (the most important for analysis) contains information about where each probe is on the chip, an intensity value, standard deviation of the intensity, the number of pixels used to calculate the intensity value, a flag to indicate an outlier as calculated by the algorithm and a user defined flag indicating the feature should be excluded from future analysis. bcteo ID:0000125 Affymetrix raw data file ID:0000125 Illumina, Inc. is a US company that develops, manufactures and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variation and biological function. bcteo ID:0000126 Illumina technology ID:0000126 In Illumina's BeadArray Technology each bead is covered with hundreds of thousands of copies of a specific oligonucleotide that act as the capture sequences in one of Illumina's assays. Examples are MouseWG-6 v2.0 Expression BeadChip, HumanWG-6 Expression BeadChip. bcteo ID:0000127 Illumina chip ID:0000127 Illumina BeadChip gene expression summary file contains the expression levels for each bead type on the arrays on the BeadChip. bcteo ID:0000128 Illumina raw data file ID:0000128 Other gene expression microarray techniques not included in the previous list. bcteo ID:0000129 Other gene expression microarray technologies ID:0000129 It stains nucleic acids blue and polysaccharides purple. FBbi:00000049 bcteo ID:0000130 Toluidine blue stain ID:0000130 Family of polyvalent basic dyes used to stain acidic polysaccharides such as glycosaminoglycans in cartilages and other body structures, some types of mucopolysaccharides, sialylated glycocalyx of cells etc. NDF-RT:N0000166971 bcteo ID:0000131 Alcian blue stains ID:0000131 Three-colour staining protocol able to distinguish cells from surrounding connective tissue. Most recipes produce red keratin and muscle fibers, blue or green collagen and bone, light red or pink cytoplasm, and dark brown to black cell nuclei. bcteo ID:0000132 Masson's trichrome stain ID:0000132 Staining methods not listed before. bcteo ID:0000133 Other stain ID:0000133 Static mode operation where the static tip deflection is used as a feedback signal. The force between the tip and the surface is kept constant during scanning by maintaining a constant deflection. bcteo ID:0000134 Contact mode technique ID:0000134 The tip of the cantilever does not contact the sample surface. The van der Waals forces, which are strongest from 1 nm to 10 nm above the surface, or any other long range force which extends above the surface acts to decrease the resonance frequency of the cantilever. The absence of repulsive forces permits its use in the imaging of soft samples and does not require conducting samples. bcteo ID:0000135 Non-contact mode technique ID:0000135 The cantilever is driven to oscillate up and down at near its resonance frequency by a small piezoelectric element mounted in the AFM tip holder similar to non-contact mode. However, the amplitude of this oscillation is greater than 10 nm, typically 100 to 200 nm. The interaction of forces acting on the cantilever when the tip comes close to the surface, Van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, electrostatic forces, etc. cause the amplitude of this oscillation to decrease as the tip gets closer to the sample. bcteo ID:0000136 Tapping mode technique ID:0000136 Mechanical test where balanced inward ("pushing") forces are applied to different points of a material or structure. Applied forces have no net sum or torque directed. By inducing compression, mechanical properties such as compressive strength or modulus of elasticity, can be measured. bcteo ID:0000137 Compression test ID:0000137 Materials science test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics bcteo ID:0000138 Tensile test ID:0000138 Used to define a material's ability to resist deformation under load. bcteo ID:0000139 Fracture test ID:0000139 Mechanical test where an applied torque generate a twisting of the material. bcteo ID:0000140 Torsion test ID:0000140 Test not included in the previous list. bcteo ID:0000141 Other mechanical test ID:0000141 The Illumina Gene Expression microarray system uses total RNA as starting material (minimum of 250ng of total RNA at a minimum concentration of 25ng/ul). RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and in vitro transcription amplification are followed by hybridization on 50-mer probe sequences (several hundred thou- sand copies of the probe across the bead surface). bcteo ID:0000142 Illumina protocol ID:0000142 The direct method is a one-step staining method and involves a labeled antibody (e.g. FITC-conjugated antiserum) reacting directly with the antigen in tissue sections. While this technique utilizes only one antibody and therefore is simple and rapid, the sensitivity is lower due to little signal amplification, such as with indirect methods, and is less commonly used than indirect methods. bcteo ID:0000143 Direct detection method protocol ID:0000143 The indirect method involves an unlabeled primary antibody (first layer) that binds to the target antigen in the tissue and a labeled secondary antibody (second layer) that reacts with the primary antibody. The secondary antibody must be raised against the IgG of the animal species in which the primary antibody has been raised. This method is more sensitive than direct detection strategies because of signal amplification due to the binding of several secondary antibodies to each primary antibody if the secondary antibody is conjugated to the fluorescent or enzyme reporter. bcteo ID:0000144 Indirect detection method protocol ID:0000144 Tissue fixation in formalin (an aqueous solution containing formaldehyde) in order to prevent it from decaying or degeneration and to examine it clearly under a microscope for histological, pathological or cytological studies. The fixed tissue is then embedded in paraffin wax in order to solidify it and easily cut its fine sections. bcteo ID:0000145 Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) protocol ID:0000145 A histology technique that involves the staining of cells with a blue nuclear stain, hemalum followed by counterstaining with eosin, which stains eosinophilic structures in various shades of red, pink and orange. ero ID:0000146 Hematoxylin-eosin stain ID:0000146 A histology technique that involves the staining of cells with a blue nuclear stain, hemalum followed by counterstaining with eosin, which stains eosinophilic structures in various shades of red, pink and orange. ERO:0001605 An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component. go ID:0000147 Antibody ID:0000147 An immunoglobulin complex that is secreted into extracellular space and found in mucosal areas or other tissues or circulating in the blood or lymph. In its canonical form, a circulating immunoglobulin complex is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms of are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component. GO:0042571 Stained tissue are studied to define and examine: bulk tissues (for example muscle fibers or connective tissue), cell populations (i.e. different blood cells), or molecules within individual cells (for example DNA, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates). bcteo ID:0000148 Histochemistry stained tissue ID:0000148 Biological staining is used to mark cells in flow cytometry, and to flag proteins or nucleic acids in tissues. Examples of proteins examined with this technique are BSP, Col I, Col II. bcteo ID:0000149 Immunohistochemistry stained tissue ID:0000149 Naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). Up to 50% of bone by weight is a modified form of hydroxyapatite (known as bone mineral). bcteo HA Hydroxylapatite Synthetic hydroxyapatite ID:0000150 Hydroxyapatite ID:0000150 Mass spectrometers coupled in series. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from others in the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent of those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times. nci_thesaurus MS/MS ID:0000151 Tandem Mass Spectrometry ID:0000151 Mass spectrometers coupled in series. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from others in the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent of those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times. Thesaurus:Tandem_Mass_Spectrometry MS/MS output file containing mass spectra, which show peaks due to the masses of the various ions produced by the fragmentation process. Spectra are converted into peptide sequence tags, used to identify a peptide in a protein database. bcteo ID:0000152 Mass spectra file ID:0000152 The protocol depends on the ion source different requirements for volume, concentration, and composition of the analyte solution. Furthermore, in protein mass spectrometry usually the protein of interest is cleaved into peptides before analysis, either by in-gel digestion or by proteolysis in solution. bcteo ID:0000153 Mass spectrometry sample preparation protocol ID:0000153 Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. The individual components remain separate and distinct within the finished structure. bcteo ID:0000154 Composite ID:0000154 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. cl ID:0000155 Fibroblast ID:0000155 A connective tissue cell which secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with branching processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. CL:0000057 Nucleic acid reagent that is a short strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA or RNA synthesis. ero ID:0000156 Primer ID:0000156 Nucleic acid reagent that is a short strand of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA or RNA synthesis. ERO:0000631 Quantification can be relative or absolute. Relative quantification is based on internal reference genes to determine fold-differences in expression of the target gene. Absolute quantification gives the exact number of target DNA molecules by comparison with DNA standards. Examples of genes examined with this technique are COL1A1, COL2A1. bcteo ID:0000157 Quantification file ID:0000157 Nucleotidyltransferases that catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA. nci_thesaurus ID:0000158 DNA-polymerase ID:0000158 Nucleotidyltransferases that catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA. Thesaurus:DNA_Polymerase Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies. msh ID:0000159 Immunoblotting ID:0000159 Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies. MSH:D015151 A gel matrix through which molecules are separated, usually by size or charge, under the influence of an electrical field. nci_thesaurus ID:0000160 Electrophoresis gel ID:0000160 A gel matrix through which molecules are separated, usually by size or charge, under the influence of an electrical field. Thesaurus:Electrophoresis_Gel Procedure to identify and quantify proteins. A mixture of protein is first submitted to an electrophoresis in denaturing condition and then electro-transferred from the gel to a membrane. The membrane is then incubated with a primary antibody specific for a given protein or a specific residue modification in the sample under analysis. A secondary antibody, radiolabelled or fused to fluorophore or to a chromogenic enzyme, targets the first antibody and allows the visualisation of the protein band on the membrane. mi ID:0000161 Western blot ID:0000161 Procedure to identify and quantify proteins. A mixture of protein is first submitted to an electrophoresis in denaturing condition and then electro-transferred from the gel to a membrane. The membrane is then incubated with a primary antibody specific for a given protein or a specific residue modification in the sample under analysis. A secondary antibody, radiolabelled or fused to fluorophore or to a chromogenic enzyme, targets the first antibody and allows the visualisation of the protein band on the membrane. MI:0113 A multistep process in which a mixture of RNA is separated by gel electrophoresis, that is, separation of ionic solutes based on differences in rate of migration in an applied electric field using a semisolid colloid such as agarose or acrylamide as the support medium, followed by transfer to a membrane such as nitrocellulose or nylon and detection of specific RNAs by hybridization of a tagged or labelled polynucleotide, usually a single DNA fragment with a specific, known sequence. mmo ID:0000162 Northern blot ID:0000162 A multistep process in which a mixture of RNA is separated by gel electrophoresis, that is, separation of ionic solutes based on differences in rate of migration in an applied electric field using a semisolid colloid such as agarose or acrylamide as the support medium, followed by transfer to a membrane such as nitrocellulose or nylon and detection of specific RNAs by hybridization of a tagged or labelled polynucleotide, usually a single DNA fragment with a specific, known sequence. MMO:0000339 A standard procedure to identify DNA fragments containing specific gene sequences. In this procedure i) a genome is fragmented using a restriction enzyme ii) the generated fragments are separated by electrophoresis iii) the fragments are transferred to a membrane iv)the membrane is incubated with a radio labelled probe that hybridises any complementary subsequence. mi ID:0000163 Southern blot ID:0000163 A standard procedure to identify DNA fragments containing specific gene sequences. In this procedure i) a genome is fragmented using a restriction enzyme ii) the generated fragments are separated by electrophoresis iii) the fragments are transferred to a membrane iv)the membrane is incubated with a radio labelled probe that hybridises any complementary subsequence. MI:0103 Image of the matrix gel containing the separated target molecules (proteins or nucleic acids). bcteo ID:0000164 Agarose gel image ID:0000164 Any of the various methods that use a dye, reagent, or other material for producing coloration in tissues or microorganisms for microscopic examination. pdq ID:0000165 Staining protocol ID:0000165 Any of the various methods that use a dye, reagent, or other material for producing coloration in tissues or microorganisms for microscopic examination. PDQ:CDR0000575401 Tissues that, under exposure to ultraviolet rays, produce fluorescence. Examples of proteins examined with this technique are BSP, Col I, Col II. bcteo ID:0000166 Immunohistofluorescence stained tissue ID:0000166 Biodegradable polyester prepared by ring opening polymerization of caprolactone using a catalyst such as stannous octoate. bcteo PCL ID:0000167 Polycaprolactone ID:0000167 High-resolution image acquired from AFM technology. It shows a combination of surface (topological information about the roughness and the features of the surface is derived) and mechanical information, by means of the cantilever which measures the elasticity of the tested sample. bcteo ID:0000168 AFM image ID:0000168 The stress applied to fracture a specimen. bcteo Breaking strength Fracture strength ID:0000170 Fracture maximum load ID:0000170 The strain applied to fracture a specimen. bcteo ID:0000171 Fracture maximum strain ID:0000171 Measure of the amount of torque that a radial shaft can sustain during its rotation in a mechanical system. bcteo Torsional stiffness ID:0000172 Torsion modulus ID:0000172 Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. bcteo Tensile strength Ultimate strength Ultimate tensile strength ID:0000173 Maximum load ID:0000173 Maximum strain that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing or breaking. bcteo ID:0000174 Maximum strain ID:0000174 bcteo ID:0000175 Other biomaterials ID:0000175 Polyether compound whose structure is H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH. bcteo PEG ID:0000176 Polyethylene glycol ID:0000176 Anionic polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum. Characterized by biocompatibility and simple gelation with divalent cations such as Ca2+. bcteo ID:0000177 Alginate ID:0000177 Gel obtained from chitosan, a linear polysaccharide composed of randomly distributed beta-(1-4)-linked D-glucosamine (deacetylated unit) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (acetylated unit), made by treating shrimp and other crustacean shells with the alkali sodium hydroxide. bcteo ID:0000178 Chitosan gel ID:0000178 Translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless solid substance, derived from collagen obtained from various animal by-products. bcteo ID:0000179 Gelatin ID:0000179 Gel based on dextran, a complex, branched glucan (polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules) composed of chains of varying lengths (from 3 to 2000 kilodaltons). bcteo ID:0000180 Dextran gel ID:0000180 Gel deriving from polyethylene glycol, produced by the interaction of ethylene oxide with water. bcteo ID:0000181 Polyethylene glycol gel ID:0000181 Material whose components are chitosan and alginate. bcteo ID:0000182 Chitosan-alginate composite ID:0000182 Material whose components are collagen and hydroxyapatite. bcteo ID:0000183 Collagen-hydroxyapatite composite ID:0000183 Material whose components are hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone. bcteo PCL-HA ID:0000184 Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite composite ID:0000184 Material whose components are chitosan and collagen. bcteo ID:0000185 Collagen-chitosan composite ID:0000185 Material whose components are collagen and polycaprolactone. bcteo ID:0000186 Polycaprolactone-collagen composite ID:0000186 Composite material not listed among the composite materials. bcteo ID:0000187 Other composite ID:0000187 Polymer prepared starting from glycolic acid by means of polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization. bcteo PGA Polyglycolide ID:0000188 Polyglycolic acid ID:0000188 Polymer for tissue engineering applications composed by polylysine, used to confer endothelial cell attachment properties to the poloxamine-based polymer, and acrylate, which makes it photo-cross-linkable. bcteo PPA ID:0000189 Poloxamine-polylysine acrylate ID:0000189 Copolymer synthesized by means of random ring-opening co-polymerization of two different monomers, the cyclic dimers (1,4-dioxane-2,5-diones) of glycolic acid and lactic acid. bcteo PLGA ID:0000190 Polylactic-co-glycolic acid ID:0000190 Dataset of physical parameters about mechanical tests performed, such as the applied intensity and velocity of strain. bcteo ID:0000191 Mechanical parameter of load ID:0000191 High-resolution image acquired from SEM technique. Morphological information about sample surface and three-dimensional structure is derived. bcteo ID:0000192 SEM image ID:0000192 High-resolution image of TEM acquisition. The image is formed from the interaction of the electrons transmitted through the specimen; it enables to examine fine details, even as small as a single column of atoms. bcteo ID:0000193 TEM image ID:0000193 High-resolution 2D image from X-ray technology. Since X-rays interact with matter, it's possible to highlight specific physical entities (i.e. tissues, organs), having different X-ray adsorption properties, due to their chemico-physical nature. bcteo ID:0000194 X ray image ID:0000194 Wavelength of the radiation (usually coming from a laser line) used to stimulate fluorescence in the measured object. The stimulated dye will emit radiation with a particular Emission Wavelength. bcteo ID:0000195 Excitation wavelength ID:0000195 Material property consisting in becoming soft when heated and hard when cooled. bcteo ID:0000196 Thermoplasticity ID:0000196 Mechanical parameter for brittle material, defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load. bcteo Bend strength Fracture strength Modulus of rupture ID:0000197 Flexural strength ID:0000197 It first aims at fixing samples, then at dehydrating them, through a ethanols scale, and finally at coating samples with gold/palladium alloy. bcteo ID:0000198 SEM protocol ID:0000198 It aims at fixing samples, dehydrating and including them into resin (infiltration and embedding). bcteo ID:0000199 TEM protocol ID:0000199 Form of polylactide, having lactic acid a chiral nature, and it is the product resulting from polymerization of L,L-lactide. bcteo L-lactide PLLA ID:0000200 Poly-L-lactide ID:0000200 It is a PCR real time preceded by a reverse transcription step (reverse transcription step = an RNA strand is reverse transcribed into its DNA complement using the enzyme reverse transcriptase) obi qRT-PCR ID:0000201 Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction ID:0000201 It is a PCR real time preceded by a reverse transcription step (reverse transcription step = an RNA strand is reverse transcribed into its DNA complement using the enzyme reverse transcriptase) OBI:0000911 Network of fibers that hold cells together. It is found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. It is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis. nci_thesaurus ID:0000202 Extracellular matrix ID:0000202 Network of fibers that hold cells together. It is found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere. It is broken down during normal physiological and disease processes such as bone remodeling, embryogenesis, cancer, and arthritis. NCIThesaurus:C13232 Extracellular signaling molecule involved in control of target cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell differentiation. nci_thesaurus ID:0000203 Growth factor ID:0000203 Extracellular signaling molecule involved in control of target cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell differentiation. NCIThesaurus:C20424 Measurable characteristic related to the concentration of growth factors. bcteo ID:0000204 Growth factor concentration ID:0000204 It defines the organism species the growth factor comes from. bcteo ID:0000205 Growth factor species ID:0000205 It defines the specific isoform of the growth factor. bcteo ID:0000206 Growth factor isoform ID:0000206 NCBITaxon:9825 ncbi_taxonomy ID:0000207 Sus scrofa domesticus ID:0000207 Most adult stem cells are lineage-restricted (multipotent) and are generally referred to by their tissue origin e.g. adipose-derived stem cell. bto ADSC ID:0000208 Adipose-derived stem cell ID:0000208 Most adult stem cells are lineage-restricted (multipotent) and are generally referred to by their tissue origin e.g. adipose-derived stem cell. BTO:0005198 Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the inner cell mass of the early embryo that can be propagated indefinitely in the primitive undifferentiated state while remaining pluripotent. nci_thesaurus ESC ID:0000209 Embryonic stem cell ID:0000209 Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the inner cell mass of the early embryo that can be propagated indefinitely in the primitive undifferentiated state while remaining pluripotent. NCIThesaurus:C12935 Material whose components are silicon, tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. bcteo ID:0000210 Silicon-substituted tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite ID:0000210 A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of fibroids. It is synthesized by a variety of insects and arachnids. msh ID:0000211 Silk ID:0000211 A continuous protein fiber consisting primarily of fibroids. It is synthesized by a variety of insects and arachnids. MeSH:D047011 A titanium molecular entity that has formula O2Ti. chebi ID:0000212 Titanium dioxide ID:0000212 A titanium molecular entity that has formula O2Ti. CHEBI:32234 Material whose components are polycaprolactone, collagen and hydroxyapatite. bcteo ID:0000213 Polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite-collagen ID:0000213 Material whose components are polycaprolactone and tricalcium phosphate. bcteo ID:0000214 Polycaprolactone-tricalcium phosphate ID:0000214 Functionalized material. A blend of corn starch with polycaprolactone used to produce three-dimensional fibre meshes scaffolds, coupled with a calcium silicate solution for the in situ functionalization with Si-OH groups. bcteo ID:0000215 From: Rodrigues AI et al. Bioactive starch-based scaffolds and human adipose stem cells are a good combination for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater. 2012, 8(10):3765-76. SPCL-Si ID:0000215 Material whose components are collagen and polylactic-co-glycolic acid. bcteo ID:0000216 Collagen-polylactic-co-glycolic acid ID:0000216 Material whose components are polycaprolactone and polylactic-co-glycolic acid. bcteo ID:0000217 Polycaprolactone-polylactic-co-glycolic acid ID:0000217 Ceramic material where Ca, Sr, Zn and Si ions have been incorporated. bcteo Sr-HT-gahnite ID:0000218 From: Roohani-Esfahani SI et al. Unique microstructural design of ceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration under load. Acta Biomater. 2013, 9(6):7014-24. Strontium-hardystonite-gahnite ID:0000218 Baghdadite scaffolds were coated in polycaprolactone and nanoparticles of bio-glass. The PCL coating increased the scaffolds toughness while nBG enhanced bioactivity. bcteo ID:0000219 Baghdadite-polycaprolactone-glass nanoparticle ID:0000219 Fibroblast-like cells characterized by collagen production but also possessing some osteoblastic features. bcteo ID:0000220 From: Jonsson D et al. The human periodontal ligament cell: a fibroblast-like cell acting as an immune cell. J Periodontal Res. 2011, 46(2):153-7. Periodontal ligament cell ID:0000220 Functionalization is employed for surface modification of industrial materials in order to achieve desired surface properties. It consists in modifying the surface of a material by bringing physical, chemical or biological characteristics different from the ones originally found on the surface of a material. The modification can be done by different methods with a view to altering a wide range of characteristics of the surface, such as: roughness, hydrophilicity, surface charge, surface energy, biocompatibility and reactivity. Coating of materials is a type of functionalization. bcteo ID:0000221 Functionalization ID:0000221 Material whose components are bioglass, collagen and phosphatidylserine. bcteo ID:0000222 Bioglass-collagen-phosphatidylserine ID:0000222 A group of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers containing polyisocyanate. They are used as elastomers, as coatings, as fibers and as foams. msh ID:0000223 Polyurethane ID:0000223 A group of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers containing polyisocyanate. They are used as elastomers, as coatings, as fibers and as foams. MeSH:D011140 Material whose components are collagen and glycosaminoglycan msh Collagen-GAG ID:0000224 Collagen-glycosaminoglycan ID:0000224 Material whose components are collagen and glycosaminoglycan MeSH:C058506 Material whose components are calcium-phosphate based ceramic and chitosan. bcteo ID:0000225 Calcium-phosphate based ceramic-chitosan ID:0000225 Cell derived from bone. bcteo BDC ID:0000226 Bone-derived cell ID:0000226 Multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal origin isolated from umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. pdq UCMSC umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells ID:0000227 Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell ID:0000227 Multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal origin isolated from umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types including fibroblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, adipocytes, and endothelial cells. PDQ:CDR0000633689 Mouse embryo/fetus calvaria fibroblasts; established from the calvaria of an embryo/fetus C57BL/6 mouse; described to differentiate to osteoblasts and to produce collagen. bto ID:0000228 MC3T3-E1 cell line ID:0000228 Mouse embryo/fetus calvaria fibroblasts; established from the calvaria of an embryo/fetus C57BL/6 mouse; described to differentiate to osteoblasts and to produce collagen. BTO:0001957 Level of connection between pores. It improves mass transport throughout the material. bcteo Interpore connectivity ID:0000229 Pore interconnection ID:0000229 Addition of functional groups/peptides/proteins/molecules/growth factors onto the surface of a material by chemical synthesis methods. Chemical functionalization is one of the main methods to obtain the desired physical and chemical properties of materials, such as hydrophilicity or bioactivation. bcteo ID:0000230 Chemical functionalization ID:0000230 Alteration of the the surface topography of a material, producing microscale and nanoscale features in a well-controlled manner with nanocoating, film deposition, or in situ surface modifications at nanoscale level, with the aim to improve the material performances. bcteo ID:0000231 Physical functionalization ID:0000231 The procedure used to obtain something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means. efo ID:0000232 Extraction protocol ID:0000232 The procedure used to obtain something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means. EFO:0000490 The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency). exo ID:0000233 Health status ID:0000233 The condition of an organism in all aspects (e.g., functional or metabolic efficiency). ExO:0000038 The percentage of cells plated (seeded, inoculated) which attach to the surface of the culture vessel within a specified period of time. The conditions under which such a determination is made should always be stated. bcteo Attachment efficiency ID:0000234 From: Worthington Tissue Dissociation Guide, http://www.worthington-biochem.com/tissuedissociation/glossary.html#attachment Seeding efficiency ID:0000234 It determines whether a product or compound will have any toxic effect due to leachables on living cells. Generally used as a screening tool for raw materials or component products before they are put into the design of a medical device. bcteo ID:0000235 Cytotoxicity text ID:0000235 Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. msh FACS Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting ID:0000236 Flow Cytometry ID:0000236 Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake. MeSH:D005434 bcteo ID:0000237 NIH/3T3 cell line ID:0000237 Cell derived from trabecular (or cancellous, or spongy) bone. bcteo ID:0000238 Trabecular bone cell ID:0000238 Cell derived from cortical bone. bcteo ID:0000239 Cortical bone cell ID:0000239 Primary human marrow stromal cells (MSCs) cultured from adult bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MNCs). BTO:0004122 bcteo BMSC ID:0000240 Bone marrow stromal cell ID:0000240 Multipotent stem cells obtained from dental pulp. bcteo DPSC ID:0000241 Dental pulp stem cell ID:0000241 They are known to be able to transform into liver, nerve, muscle and kidney cells. bcteo ID:0000242 Bone marrow stromal stem cell ID:0000242 They are known to be able to transform into liver, nerve, muscle and kidney cells. BTO:0002668 Procedure addressed to ensure the quality of the cells. It assesses the cell source with regard to its identity/phenotype, to the presence of other cells types, adventitious agents, endogenous agents,and molecular contaminants. bcteo ID:0000243 Cell characterization ID:0000243 Homo sapiens (human) bone, osteosarcoma cell line; established from a 14 year old caucasian male. bcteo ID:0000244 MG63 cell line ID:0000244 Homo sapiens (human) bone, osteosarcoma cell line; established from a 14 year old caucasian male. BTO:0001596 Biocement fabricated by using the mixed powders of magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium dihydrogen phosphate (Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O). bcteo MCPB ID:0000245 Magnesium-calcium phosphate ID:0000245 Process that induces a non-hydrosoluble polymer to become hydrosoluble in physiological conditions. bcteo ID:0000246 Bioerosion ID:0000246 Experimental environment where cells are cultured onto the material. It describes all the biological parameters related to cell culture. bcteo ID:0000247 Cell culture environment ID:0000247 Cell of a malignant neoplasm of the bone-forming tissues. bcteo ID:0000248 Osteosarcoma cell ID:0000248 Material is put in the culture medium for a predefined period of time. Later cells are cultured in that medium and observed under microscope to identify possible toxic effects. bcteo ID:0000249 Cytotoxicity by elution test ID:0000249 Cells are seeded onto the material and observed under microscope to identify possible toxic effects. bcteo ID:0000250 Direct cytotoxicity test ID:0000250 The set of behaviors that characterize a material on its chemical-physical nature. bcteo ID:0000251 Biomaterial behaviour ID:0000251 The reduction of a chemical compound to one less complex, as by splitting off one or more groups. nci_thesaurus ID:0000252 Degradation ID:0000252 The reduction of a chemical compound to one less complex, as by splitting off one or more groups. Thesaurus:C61559 Process of removal of a polymer or its degradation products through the cellular activity (phagocytosis). bcteo ID:0000253 Bioreabsorption ID:0000253 releases/2013-08 OBO-Edit 2.2 bcteo 1.1 bcteo characterizes characterizes bcteo derives_from derives_from bcteo intervenes_in intervenes_in