English [en] Achim Reiz Devesh Singh Jaya Chandra Terli Martin Dyrba An ontology for representing neuroanatomical concepts alligned with the Desikan–Killiany–Tourville (DKT) atlas. Our ontology explicitly encodes a priori neuroanatomical relationships amongst brain regions using hierarchical relationships, and implements computationally efficient calculation of volumetric deviation. A Computational Ontology Framework for the Synthesis of Multi-Level Volumetric Reports for Brain MRI scans MTI license: https://github.com/martindyrba/CompOntoVisFramework/blob/master/LICENSE A membership relation between a neuroanatomical region (ROI) and a suject, i.e. patient. It reflects the many-to-one relational mapping between the ROI instances and the subject instance. A mebership relationship between a whole region and its parts. This is logically equivalent to the ‘part-of’ relations reported in many other ontology studies. The age of each participant, measured (in years) at the time of scan. eTIV stands for estimated total intracranial volume or brain size. Is measured in cubic millimetre, mm3. You can find further details at: https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/fswiki/eTIV Field strength refers to the magnetic field strength of the magnet used in the MRI machine, and is measured in teslas (T). Binarised variable, representing biological sex of the participants. Value 0 represents a male participant and the value 1 represents a female participant. An unique identifier for each participant in out study. It is composed as <CohortCode>_<RID>, where CohortCode represents one of the six data cohorts used in our study [ADNI, AIBL, EDSD, DELCODE, DESCRIBE, NIFD] and RID represents a unique identifier within each cohort. For example 'ADNI_6598' represents a participant with RID 6598 from the ADNI data cohort. The volume associated with each ROI, as computed by the segmentation pipeline. Is measured in cubic millimetre, mm3. ‘z’ is used as shorthand for w-score in units. It measures the volumetric deviation from the healthy control levels for each ROI. This metric uses a linear regression model to control for meta-variables while calculating the volumetric deviation. The front part of the corpus callosum, connecting prefrontal and anterior frontal regions between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, enabling coordination in decision making and complex tasks. CC_Anterior The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma55676 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13853 The brainstem is the part of the brain that connects the cerebral hemispheres with the spinal cord. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma79876 http://radlex.org/RID/RID6677 Brain-Stem This region defines a portion of cerebrospinal fluid, which is the upper part of the third ventricle and is located between the lateral ventricles and the lower part of the third ventricle. CSF The middle section of the corpus callosum, linking motor and sensory areas in the central brain regions, supporting integrated control of voluntary movements and sensory processing. CC_Central Segment of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclear complex and cerebellar white matter. Examples: There is only one cerebellum. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma67944 http://radlex.org/RID/RID6815 The cerebrospinal fluid is a clear, colorless fluid, which is secreted by the choroid plexuses of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles into the ventricular system of the brain and spinal cord and is also distributed to the subarachnoid space. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma20935 http://radlex.org/RID/RID1544 Subdivision of the brain derived from the secondary prosencephalon or telencephalon. Contains the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, as well as several subcortical structures. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma62000 http://radlex.org/RID/RID6437 The corpus callosum is a dense bundle of nerve fibers facilitating communication between the two cerebral hemispheres. Additionally, it plays a role in coordinating movements, cognitive functions, and visual processes. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma86464 http://radlex.org/RID/RID6915 Basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72833 http://radlex.org/RID/RID15698 Left-Amygdala The basal nuclei or basal ganglia are strictly speaking a group of closely related subpallial cell masses associated to the basal forebrain (the striatum and the pallidum) and to motor control. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260708 The caudal anterior part of the cingulate gyrus is situated at both its posterior and anterior ends, contributing to emotional and cognitive regulation. ctx-lh-caudalanteriorcingulate Refers to the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. It plays a role in various cognitive functions, including motor planning and executive functions. ctx-lh-caudalmiddlefrontal Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72827 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21020 Left-Caudate Left segment of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclear complex and cerebellar white matter. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83877 http://radlex.org/RID/RID18312 The cerebellar cortex is composed of a large number of cerebellar folia, forming the various lobules, and consists of three layers, from the outside inwards: (1) the molecular; (2) the Purkinje cell layer; and (3) the granular layer, which borders on the central white matter of the cerebellum. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277132 http://radlex.org/RID/RID15574 Left-Cerebellum-Cortex The white matter located in the left hemisphere of the cerebellum, facilitating communication between various cerebellar regions and connecting with other brain areas to coordinate motor functions and balance. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma274037 http://radlex.org/RID/RID17313 Left-Cerebellum-White-Matter The collection of myelinated nerve fibers situated within the left cerebral hemisphere, responsible for transmitting signals between various regions of the left hemisphere and facilitating connectivity with right hemisphere. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260794 http://radlex.org/RID/RID16998 Left-Cerebral-White-Matter Left subdivision of the brain derived from the secondary prosencephalon or telencephalon. Contains the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, as well as several subcortical structures. The secretory epithelium and associated blood vessels of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles, which produce cerebrospinal fluid. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242859 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13830 Left-choroid-plexus The cingulate gyrus is a broad belt of cerebral cortex partially encircling the corpus callosum and comprising the cingulate cortex. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72718 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26563 The cuneus is a wedge shaped segment of the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72680 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26552 ctx-lh-cuneus Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus. The entorhinal cortex is located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72741 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26411 ctx-lh-entorhinal Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72970 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13863 The fusiform gyrus, also known as the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, is a structure that lies on the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72690 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26541 ctx-lh-fusiform Gyrus of limbic lobe, each instance of which is convoluted mass of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of some lateral ventricle; it is part of some limbic system and plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275024 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26567 Left-Hippocampus The inferior lateral ventricle refers to the lower portion of the lateral ventricle within the brain. Left-Inf-Lat-Vent The inferior parietal lobule is the lower part of the parietal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, below the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the post-central gyrus. It consists of the angular and supramarginal gyri. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81255 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14108 ctx-lh-inferiorparietal The inferior temporal gyrus is one of three gyri of the temporal lobe and is located below the middle temporal gyrus, connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72688 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13893 ctx-lh-inferiortemporal Lobe of cerebral hemisphere located in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72978 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13871 ctx-lh-insula The isthmus of the cingulate gyrus is a narrow section that extends from the cingulate gyrus into the temporal lobe. It is situated between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the lingual gyrus, forming a connection between these brain regions. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72749 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14043 ctx-lh-isthmuscingulate The lateral occipital sulcus is a horizontal sulcus that divides the lateral occipital surface into gyri. It is crucial for processing visual information related to object recognition and spatial perception. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72678 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13938 ctx-lh-lateraloccipital Found on the lateral frontal surface of orbitofornatal cortex, it regulates emotions related punishments and non-rewards. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72757 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13924 ctx-lh-lateralorbitofrontal The lateral ventricle is a C-shaped ventricle located inside the left part of cerebral hemisphere. It consists of frontal, occipital and temporal horns and a central part or body. It is connected with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramen of Monro. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma78450 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13789 Left-Lateral-Ventricle The lingual gyrus lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus. It plays a vital role in processing vision, especially related to letters. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72682 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26554 ctx-lh-lingual Positioned medially on the frontal lobe, it process emotions, evaluates rewards and guides social behaviors. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72759 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13921 ctx-lh-medialorbitofrontal The medial temporal lobe is a region within the cerebral cortex comprised of a system of anatomically related structures, including the hippocampal region and the adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.The middle temporal lobe is a region of the brain situated in the temporal lobe, and it plays a significant role in processing auditory and visual information. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72686 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13891 ctx-lh-middletemporal The nucleus accumbens is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. This brain region has been implicated in addictive behavior. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72837 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21022 Left-Accumbens-area Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72976 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13869 The globus pallidus is an inner, pale-yellow region within the lenticular nucleus and serves as a central component in the telencephalon, fulfilling a functional role within the basal ganglia. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72831 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21018 Left-Pallidum The paracentral lobule is found on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, surrounding the paracentral sulcus, and consists of frontal and parietal parts http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81257 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14112 ctx-lh-paracentral The parahippocampal gyrus is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72706 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13956 ctx-lh-parahippocampal Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72974 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13867 The pars opercularis refers to the vertically oriented fold of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It is located at rear of the three cortical segments that form the inferior frontal gyrus. It plays a significant role in the production of speech. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72753 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13978 ctx-lh-parsopercularis The pars orbitalis refers to the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It plays a role in the language processing network of the brain. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72755 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13981 ctx-lh-parsorbitalis The pars triangularis refers to the triangular shaped cortical region of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It sits in between pars orbitalis and pars opercularis. It is well known in its involvement in speech production. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72751 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13975 ctx-lh-parstriangularis The pericalcarine of occipiatal lobe is positioned around calcarine fissure, it contains the primary visual cortex and serves as a primary visual processing area responsible for analyzing basic visual features. ctx-lh-pericalcarine The postcentral gyrus is on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, parallel to the central sulcus, separating the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72666 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13928 ctx-lh-postcentral The posterior cingulate gyrus is located behind the thalamus and below the splenium, it regulates attention, processes emotions, and stores memories, influencing higher-order cognitive functions. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72747 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14049 ctx-lh-posteriorcingulate Located on the lateral surface of each frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus. It contains the primary motor cortex which is responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72662 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13912 ctx-lh-precentral The precuneus is found rostral to the parietooccipital sulcus and dorsal to the subparietal sulcus on the medial aspect of the parietal lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72674 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13963 ctx-lh-precuneus Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72829 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21015 Left-Putamen Located at the front part of the cingulate gyrus, the rostral anterior region is associated with various cognitive functions and emotional processing. ctx-lh-rostralanteriorcingulate Located at the front and middle portion of the frontal lobe, the rostral middle frontal gyrus contributes to decision-making and executive control in cognitive functions. ctx-lh-rostralmiddlefrontal The superior frontal gyrus is the most dorsal gyrus of the frontal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere.Tthe superior frontal gyrus plays a key role in advanced cognitive processes such as motor planning, working memory, and attention. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72654 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13903 ctx-lh-superiorfrontal The superior parietal lobule is a large parietal lobule above the intraparietal sulcus on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72672 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14110 ctx-lh-superiorparietal Superior temoral lobe is a gyrus in the temporal lobe that contains parts of the auditory cortex. It includes Wernicke's area, which is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72684 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13889 ctx-lh-superiortemporal The supramarginal gyrus is a part of the inferior parietal lobule, which caps the posterior tip of the lateral sulcus. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72668 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13930 ctx-lh-supramarginal Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72972 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13865 Situated in brain's central region, thalamus is largely composed of nuclei, which relay sensory, motor and limbic information to the cerebral cortex and subpallial structures. Left-Thalamus-Proper Commonly referred to as Heschl's gyri; Transverse temporal gyri constitute a set of gyri situated deep within the lateral sulcus in the temporal lobe. These gyri typically house the primary auditory cortex. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273675 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26543 ctx-lh-transversetemporal The ventral diencephalon refers to the lower part of the diencephalon. It encompasses structures such as the hypothalamus and the lower section of the thalamus. Left-VentralDC The intermediate front segment of the corpus callosum, facilitating communication between specific regions in the anterior frontal lobes, crucial for executive functions and emotional processing. CC_Mid_Anterior The middle rear part of the corpus callosum, connecting parietal and posterior temporal regions, contributing to spatial awareness, language processing, and integration of sensory information. CC_Mid_Posterior The back portion of the corpus callosum, linking corresponding areas of the parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, essential for visual processing, spatial orientation, and cross-modal integration. CC_Posterior Basal ganglion of telencephalon which is an almond-shaped gray mass in the dorsomedial part of the temporal lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72832 http://radlex.org/RID/RID15699 Right-Amygdala The basal nuclei or basal ganglia are strictly speaking a group of closely related subpallial cell masses associated to the basal forebrain (the striatum and the pallidum) and to motor control. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260706 The caudal anterior part of the cingulate gyrus is situated at both its posterior and anterior ends, contributing to emotional and cognitive regulation. ctx-rh-caudalanteriorcingulate Refers to the posterior part of the middle frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the cerebrum. It plays a role in various cognitive functions, including motor planning and executive functions. ctx-rh-caudalmiddlefrontal Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72826 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21019 Right-Caudate Right segment of neuraxis that has as its parts the cerebellar cortex, cerebellar nuclear complex and cerebellar white matter. Examples: There is only one cerebellum. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma83876 http://radlex.org/RID/RID18313 The cerebellar cortex is composed of a large number of cerebellar folia, forming the various lobules, and consists of three layers, from the outside inwards: (1) the molecular; (2) the Purkinje cell layer; and (3) the granular layer, which borders on the central white matter of the cerebellum. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma277130 http://radlex.org/RID/RID15573 Right-Cerebellum-Cortex The white matter located in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum, facilitating communication between various cerebellar regions and connecting with other brain areas to coordinate motor functions and balance. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma274035 http://radlex.org/RID/RID17312 Right-Cerebellum-White-Matter The collection of myelinated nerve fibers situated within the right cerebral hemisphere, responsible for transmitting signals between various regions of the right hemisphere and facilitating connectivity with left hemisphere. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma260791 http://radlex.org/RID/RID16997 Right-Cerebral-White-Matter Right subdivision of the brain derived from the secondary prosencephalon or telencephalon. Contains the cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, as well as several subcortical structures. The secretory epithelium and associated blood vessels of the lateral, third and fourth ventricles, which produce cerebrospinal fluid. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma242857 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13829 Right-choroid-plexus The cingulate gyrus is a broad belt of cerebral cortex partially encircling the corpus callosum and comprising the cingulate cortex. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72717 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26562 The cuneus is a wedge shaped segment of the occipital lobe on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere between the calcarine and parieto-occipital fissures. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72679 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26551 ctx-rh-cuneus Organ component of neuraxis that has as its parts the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus. There is only one diencephalon. The entorhinal cortex is located in the medial temporal lobe, whose functions include being a widespread network hub for memory, navigation, and the perception of time. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72740 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26410 ctx-rh-entorhinal Frontal lobe is the anterior-most of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its posterior border and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72969 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13862 The fusiform gyrus, also known as the lateral occipitotemporal gyrus, is a structure that lies on the basal surface of the temporal and occipital lobes. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72689 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26540 ctx-rh-fusiform Gyrus of limbic lobe, each instance of which is convoluted mass of gray matter extending the entire length of the floor of the temporal horn of some lateral ventricle; it is part of some limbic system and plays major roles in short term memory and spatial navigation. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma275022 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26566 Right-Hippocampus The inferior lateral ventricle refers to the lower portion of the lateral ventricle within the brain. Right-Inf-Lat-Vent The inferior parietal lobule is the lower part of the parietal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, below the intraparietal sulcus, and behind the post-central gyrus. It consists of the angular and supramarginal gyri. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81254 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14107 ctx-rh-inferiorparietal The inferior temporal gyrus is one of three gyri of the temporal lobe and is located below the middle temporal gyrus, connected behind with the inferior occipital gyrus. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72687 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13892 ctx-rh-inferiortemporal Lobe of cerebral hemispheere located in the depths of the lateral fissure and is covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72977 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13870 ctx-rh-insula The isthmus of the cingulate gyrus is a narrow section that extends from the cingulate gyrus into the temporal lobe. It is situated between the splenium of the corpus callosum and the lingual gyrus, forming a connection between these brain regions. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72748 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14042 ctx-rh-isthmuscingulate The lateral occipital sulcus is a horizontal sulcus that divides the lateral occipital surface into gyri. It is crucial for processing visual information related to object recognition and spatial perception. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72677 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13937 ctx-rh-lateraloccipital Found on the lateral frontal surface of orbitofornatal cortex, it regulates emotions related punishments and non-rewards. http://radlex.org/RID/RID13923 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13924 ctx-rh-lateralorbitofrontal The lateral ventricle is a C-shaped ventricle located inside the right part of cerebral hemisphere. It consists of frontal, occipital and temporal horns and a central part or body. It is connected with the third ventricle via the interventricular foramen of Monro. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma78449 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13788 Right-Lateral-Ventricle The lingual gyrus lies between the calcarine sulcus and the posterior part of the collateral sulcus. It plays a vital role in processing vision, especially related to letters. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72681 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26553 ctx-rh-lingual Positioned medially on the frontal lobe, it process emotions, evaluates rewards and guides social behaviors. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72758 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13920 ctx-rh-medialorbitofrontal The medial temporal lobe is a region within the cerebral cortex comprised of a system of anatomically related structures, including the hippocampal region and the adjacent entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices.The middle temporal lobe is a region of the brain situated in the temporal lobe, and it plays a significant role in processing auditory and visual information. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72685 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13890 ctx-rh-middletemporal The nucleus accumbens is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. This brain region has been implicated in addictive behavior. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72836 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21021 Right-Accumbens-area Occipital lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the posterior-most portion of the hemisphere. Anteriorly, it shares an arbitrary border with the parietal lobe and temporal lobe. Medially, it is bounded by the longitudinal cerebral fissure. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72975 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13868 The globus pallidus is an inner, pale-yellow region within the lenticular nucleus and serves as a central component in the telencephalon, fulfilling a functional role within the basal ganglia. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72830 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21017 Right-Pallidum The paracentral lobule is found on the medial aspect of the cerebral hemisphere, surrounding the paracentral sulcus, and consists of frontal and parietal parts. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma81256 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14111 ctx-rh-paracentral The parahippocampal gyrus is a grey matter cortical region of the brain that surrounds the hippocampus and is part of the limbic system. The region plays an important role in memory encoding and retrieval. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72705 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13955 ctx-rh-parahippocampal Parietal lobe is the one of five lobes of the cerebral hemisphere which occupies the dorsal-posterior portion of the hemisphere. It is bounded by the central sulcus on its anterior border and and by the longitudinal cerebral fissure on its medial border. Posteriorly it shares an arbitrary border with the occipital lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72973 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13866 The pars opercularis refers to the vertically oriented fold of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It is located at rear of the three cortical segments that form the inferior frontal gyrus. It plays a significant role in the production of speech. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72752 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13977 ctx-rh-parsopercularis The pars orbitalis refers to the most rostral portion of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It plays a role in the language processing network of the brain. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72754 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13980 ctx-rh-parsorbitalis The pars triangularis refers to the triangular shaped cortical region of the inferior frontal gyrus in the frontal lobe of the brain. It sits in between pars orbitalis and pars opercularis. It is well known in its involvement in speech production. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72750 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13974 ctx-rh-parstriangularis The pericalcarine of occipiatal lobe is positioned around calcarine fissure, it contains the primary visual cortex and serves as a primary visual processing area responsible for analyzing basic visual features. ctx-rh-pericalcarine The postcentral gyrus is on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere, parallel to the central sulcus, separating the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72665 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13927 ctx-rh-postcentral The posterior cingulate gyrus is located behind the thalamus and below the splenium, it regulates attention, processes emotions, and stores memories, influencing higher-order cognitive functions. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72746 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14048 ctx-rh-posteriorcingulate Located on the lateral surface of each frontal lobe, anterior to the central sulcus. It contains the primary motor cortex which is responsible for the control of voluntary motor movement. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72661 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13911 ctx-rh-precentral The precuneus is found rostral to the parietooccipital sulcus and dorsal to the subparietal sulcus on the medial aspect of the parietal lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72673 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13962 ctx-rh-precuneus Nucleus of brain which lies ventral to the caudate nucleus and internal capsule and medial to the external capsule. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72828 http://radlex.org/RID/RID21014 Right-Putamen Located at the front part of the cingulate gyrus, the rostral anterior region is associated with various cognitive functions and emotional processing. ctx-rh-rostralanteriorcingulate Located at the front and middle portion of the frontal lobe, the rostral middle frontal gyrus contributes to decision-making and executive control in cognitive functions. ctx-rh-rostralmiddlefrontal The superior frontal gyrus is the most dorsal gyrus of the frontal lobe on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere.Tthe superior frontal gyrus plays a key role in advanced cognitive processes such as motor planning, working memory, and attention. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72653 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13902 ctx-rh-superiorfrontal The superior parietal lobule is a large parietal lobule above the intraparietal sulcus on the lateral surface of the cerebral cortex. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72671 http://radlex.org/RID/RID14109 ctx-rh-superiorparietal Superior temoral lobe is a gyrus in the temporal lobe that contains parts of the auditory cortex. It includes Wernicke's area, which is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72683 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13888 ctx-rh-superiortemporal The supramarginal gyrus is a part of the inferior parietal lobule, which caps the posterior tip of the lateral sulcus. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72667 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13929 ctx-rh-supramarginal Temporal lobe is the ventrolateral lobe of five lobes comprising each cerebral hemisphere. It is bounded dorsally by the lateral fissure and posteriorly by an arbitrary border shared with the occipital lobe. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma72971 http://radlex.org/RID/RID13864 Situated in brain's central region, thalamus is largely composed of nuclei, which relay sensory, motor and limbic information to the cerebral cortex and subpallial structures. Right-Thalamus-Proper Commonly referred to as Heschl's gyri; Transverse temporal gyri constitute a set of gyri situated deep within the lateral sulcus in the temporal lobe. These gyri typically house the primary auditory cortex. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273673 http://radlex.org/RID/RID26542 ctx-rh-transversetemporal The ventral diencephalon refers to the lower part of the diencephalon. It encompasses structures such as the hypothalamus and the lower section of the thalamus. Right-VentralDC Abnormal areas within the white matter of the brain that appear darker than surrounding tissues on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). WM-hypointensities The white matter is an overall term for the fiber tracts in the central nervous system.It can be subdivided into central roots, ascending, intrinsic and descending tracts. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma241998 http://radlex.org/RID/RID16996 The third ventricle is a narrow part of the ventricular system between the thalami and hypothalami on both sides. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273606 http://radlex.org/RID/RID16829 3rd-Ventricle The fourth ventricle is the most caudal of the brain ventricles, shaped like a tent with a peaked roof protruding as the fastigium into the cerebellum and a diamond-shaped floor, the rhomboid fossa formed by the ventricular surfaces of the pons and medulla oblongata. http://purl.org/sig/ont/fma/fma273610 http://radlex.org/RID/RID16830 4th-Ventricle English [en] Achim Reiz Devesh Singh Jaya Chandra Terli Martin Dyrba An ontology for representing neuroanatomical concepts alligned with the Desikan–Killiany–Tourville (DKT) atlas. Our ontology explicitly encodes a priori neuroanatomical relationships amongst brain regions using hierarchical relationships, and implements computationally efficient calculation of volumetric deviation. A Computational Ontology Framework for the Synthesis of Multi-Level Volumetric Reports for Brain MRI scans MTI license: https://github.com/martindyrba/CompOntoVisFramework/blob/master/LICENSE