The brain cell-type ontology describes the types of both neural and non-neural cells in the human brain. The cell types are integrated into their corresponding anatomical hierarchies. Projection strength Species Ontology1255357986125:Abducens_nerve_fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Abducens_nerve_fibers Nerve fibers arising from motor neurons in the abducens nucleus that are contained within the pontine tegmentum Abducens nerve fibers Ontology1255357986125:Abducens_nucleus Nucleus of the abducent nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Abducens_nucleus Abducens nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Abducens_nucleus_motor_neuron 6th nerve motor neuron VIth nerve motor neuron abducens nucleus motor cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Abducens_nucleus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the abducens nucleus. Abducens nucleus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Accessory_basal_amygdaloid_nucleus accessory basal nucleus of amygdala basal amygdaloid nucleus basomedial amygdaloid nucleus basomedial nucleus (De Olmos) medial part medial principal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Accessory_basal_amygdaloid_nucleus Accessory basal amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Accessory_cuneate_nucleus external cuneate nucleus lateral cuneate nucleus nucleus of corpus restiforme http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Accessory_cuneate_nucleus Accessory cuneate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Accessory_medullary_lamina accessory medullar lamina of pallidum incomplete medullary lamina of globus pallidus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Accessory_medullary_lamina Thin bundle of myelinated axons that divides the medial pallidal segment into outer and inner portions Accessory medullary lamina Ontology1255357986125:Accessory_nerve_fiber_bundle accessory nerve fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Accessory_nerve_fiber_bundle Accessory nerve fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Accumbens_nucleus_core_nucleus_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Accumbens_nucleus_core_nucleus_neuron Accumbens nucleus core nucleus neuron Ontology1255357986125:Accumbens_nucleus_shell_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Accumbens_nucleus_shell_neuron Accumbens nucleus shell neuron Ontology1255357986125:Activated_Non-Phagocytic_cell_ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Juxtavascular This state is actually part of a graded response as microglia move from their ramified form to their fully active phagocytic form. Microglia can be activated by a variety of factors including: glutamate receptor agonists, pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell necrosis factors, lipopolysaccharide, and changes in extracellular potassium (indicative of ruptured cells). Once activated the cells undergo several key morphological changes including the thickening and retraction of branches, uptake of MHC class I/II proteins, expression of immunomolecules, secretion of cytotoxic factors, secretion of recruitment molecules, and secretion of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules (resulting in a pro-inflammation signal cascade). Activated non-phagocytic microglia generally appear as "bushy," "rods," or small ameboids depending on how far along the ramified to full phagocytic transformation continuum they are. In addition, the microglia also undergo rapid proliferation in order to increase their numbers for the upcoming battle. From a strictly morphological perspective, the variation in microglial form along the continuum is associated with changing morphological complexity and can be quantitated using the methods of fractal analysis, which have proven sensitive to even subtle, visually undetectable changes associated with different morphologies in different pathological states. Activated non-phagocytic cell Ontology1255357986125:Activated_Phagocytic_cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Juxtavascular Activated phagocytic microglia are the maximally immune responsive form of microglia. These cells generally take on a large, ameboid shape, although some variance has been observed. In addition to having the antigen presenting, cytotoxic and inflammatory mediating signaling of activated non-phagocytic microglia, they are also able to phagocytose foreign materials and display the resulting immunomolecules for T-cell activation. Phagocytic microglia travel to the site of the injury, engulf the offending material, and secrete pro-inflammatory factors to promote more cells to proliferate and do the same. Activated phagocytic microglia also interact with astrocytes and neural cells to fight off the infection as quickly as possible with minimal damage to the healthy brain cells. Activated phagocytic cell Ontology1255357986125:Adenohypophysis anterior lobe (hypophysis) anterior lobe of hypophysis anterior lobe of pituitary anterior pituitary http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Adenohypophysis The adenohypophysis, which consists of the anterior and intermediate lobes of the pituitary gland, contains several types of endocrine cells, which secrete systemic hormones such as adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), GH, LH/FSH, TSH and prolactin in response to hypothalamus-derived releasing hormones. Adenohypophysis Ontology1255357986125:Alpha_Tanycyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Alpha_Tanycyte Alpha tanycyte Ontology1255357986125:Alveus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Alveus Layer of white matter in hippocampus lying just deep to the stratum oriens layer, continuous with the fimbria of the hippocampus Alveus Ontology1255357986125:Ameboid http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Juxtavascular This form of microglial cell is found mainly within the perinatal white matter areas in the corpus callosum known as the "Fountains of Microglia." This shape allows the microglial free movement throughout the neural tissue, which allows it to fulfill its role as a scavenger cell. Ameboid microglia are able to phagocytose debris, but do not fulfill the same antigen-presenting and inflammatory roles as activated microglia. Ameboid microglia are especially prevalent during the development and rewiring of the brain, when there are large amounts of extracellular debris and apoptotic cells to remove. Ameboid Ontology1255357986125:Amiculum_of_dentate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amiculum_of_dentate_nucleus Amiculum of dentate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala Amygdaloid complex amygdaloid body amygdaloid nucleus archistriatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala Subcortical brain region lying anterior to the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe and anterior to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in some species. It is usually subdivided into several groups. Functionally, it is not considered a unitary structure (MM). Amygdala Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_nonpyramidal_PV_basket_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_nonpyramidal_PV_basket_cell Multipolar nonpyramidal interneuron whose axon forms multiple synaptic contacts with the somata of numerous neighboring pyramidal cells. It is one of several parvalbumin-containing interneuronal subpopulations. Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex nonpyramidal PV basket cell Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_nonpyramidal_PV_chandelier_cell axo-axonic interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_nonpyramidal_PV_chandelier_cell Multipolar nonpyramidal interneuron whose axon forms multiple synaptic contacts with the axon initial segments of numerous neighboring pyramidal cells. It is one of several parvalbumin-containing interneuronal subpopulations. Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex nonpyramidal PV chandelier cell Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_nonpyramidal_SOM_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_nonpyramidal_SOM_neuron Somatostatin-containing nonpyramidal neuron whose axon forms synaptic contacts with the distal dendrites and spines of neighboring pyramidal cells. Although generally considered an interneuron, at least some of these cells have distant axonal projections to the substantia innominata or entorhinal cortex. A subpopulation expresses neuropeptide Y. Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex nonpyramidal SOM neuron Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_pyramidal_neuron Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell basolateral amygdalar nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala_basolateral_nuclear_complex_pyramidal_neuron These neurons make up ~80-85% of neurons in the basolateral nuclear complex of the amygdala. Unlike cortical pyramidal cells, they are not arranged with parellel apical dendrites but are randomly organized. Amygdala basolateral nuclear complex pyramidal neuron Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_intercalated_nuclei_small_spiny_neuron paracapsular intercalated cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala_intercalated_nuclei_small_spiny_neuron Small spiny principal neurons of the intercalated nuclei. These nuclei are clusters of neurons surrounding rostral portions of the basolateral nuclear complex. Some of these clusters are located adjacent to the external capsule or intermediate capsule (paracapsular intercalated nuclei). Amygdala intercalated nuclei small spiny neuron Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_lateral_central_nucleus_medium_spiny_neuron neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Amygdala_lateral_central_nucleus_medium_spiny_neuron Amygdala lateral central nucleus medium spiny neuron Ontology1255357986125:Amygdala_to_brainstem 8 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Amygdala to brainstem Ontology1255357986125:Angular_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Angular_gyrus Part of inferior parietal lobule formed by the cortex surrounding the upturned end of the superior temporal sulcus (Nolte, The Human Brain, 6th ed, 2009, pg 659) Angular gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Annectant_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Annectant_gyrus Annectant gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Ansa_lenticularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ansa_lenticularis White matter bundle containing part of the projection of the globus pallidus to the thalamus, forming a compact, conspicuous bundle running beneath the internal capsule and hooking around its medial edge Ansa lenticularis Ontology1255357986125:Antennal_commissure VAC2 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Antennal_commissure Commissure consisting of about 2500 axons located anterior and ventral to the fan-shaped body which connects the two antennal lobes at their postero-dorsal corners. Antennal commissure Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_amygdaloid_area anterior amygaloid area anterior amygdalar area anterior cortical nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_amygdaloid_area Anterior amygdaloid area Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_ascending_limb_of_lateral_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_ascending_limb_of_lateral_sulcus Anterior ascending limb of lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_calcarine_sulcus Sulcus calcarinus anterior anterior calcarine fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_calcarine_sulcus Anterior calcarine sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_cingulate_cortex anterior cingulate http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_cingulate_cortex The frontal part of the cingulate cortex that resembles a collar form around the corpus callosum. It includes both the ventral and dorsal areas of the cingulate cortex. Anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_cingulate_gyrus Anterior part of the cingulate gyrus Middle-anterior part of the cingulate gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_cingulate_gyrus Anterior cingulate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_circular_sulcus_of_insula www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ vertically limiting the insula from the orbital gyri Anterior circular sulcus of insula Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_column_of_fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_column_of_fornix Anterior column of fornix Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_commissure A forebrain white matter structure consisting of a large fiber bundle, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line, located in front of the columns of the fornix. On sagittal section it is oval in shape, its long diameter being vertical and measuring about 5 mm. Its fibers can be traced lateralward and backward on either side beneath the corpus striatum into the substance of the temporal lobe. It serves in this way to connect the two temporal lobes, but it also contains decussating fibers from the olfactory tracts. Anterior commissure Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_commissure_anterior_part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_commissure_anterior_part The part of the anterior commissure that contains fibers interconnecting the anterior olfactory nucleus in each hemisphere. The fibers extend from the commissural region of the anterior commissure anteriorly into the olfactory bulb. Within the commissural portion, the fibers lie in the anterior portion, but cannot be easily distinguished from the posterior fibers on gross dissection. Anterior commissure anterior part Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_commisure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_commisure Anterior commisure Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_forebrain Anterior forebrain Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_horizontal_limb_of_lateral_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_horizontal_limb_of_lateral_sulcus Anterior horizontal limb of lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_horn_of_lateral_ventricle Part of the lateral ventricle that extends anteriorly into the frontal lobes, bordered by the head of the caudate nucleus on the lateral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996) Anterior horn of lateral ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_hypothalamic_commissure Anterior hypothalamic decussation of Ganser http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_hypothalamic_commissure Anterior hypothalamic commissure Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_hypothalamus Anterior hypothalamic http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_hypothalamus Anterior hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_limb_of_internal_capsule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_limb_of_internal_capsule Portion of internal capsule lying between the lenticular nucleus and the head of the caudate nucleus. Anterior limb of internal capsule Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_lobe_of_the_cerebellum Paleocerebellum spinocerebellum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_lobe_of_the_cerebellum Anterior lobe of the cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_median_eminence http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_median_eminence Anterior median eminence Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_median_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_median_oculomotor_nucleus Anterior median oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_middle_temporal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_middle_temporal_sulcus Anterior middle temporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_nuclear_group anterior nucleus of thalamus anterior thalamic nuclei anterior thalamus nuclei anterior thalami nuclei anteriores (thalami) nuclei anteriores thalami nuclei thalamicus anterior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_nuclear_group Mostly gray regional part of anterior thalamic region, consisting of the anterior medial, anterior dorsal and anterior lateral thalamic nuclei in primates. In rodents, it consists of anterior medial and anterior ventral divisions, with several subdivisions of each, according to Paxinos. Anterior nuclear group Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_occipital_sulcus Sulcus occipitalis anterior ascending limb of the inferior temporal sulcus posterior Inferior Temporal Sulcus sulci occipitales superiores sulcus annectans http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_occipital_sulcus Anterior occipital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus Laminated structure lying caudal to the olfactory bulb in all vertebrates. Based on Nissl stains, the AON has been divided into two basic zones: “pars externa,” a thin ring of cells that encircles the rostral end of the olfactory peduncle, and the remainder, sometimes referred to as “pars cruralis” or “pars principalis” Anterior olfactory nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus_pars_externa http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus_pars_externa One of two main divisions of the anterior olfactory nucleus, comprising a thin ring of cells that encircles the rostral end of the olfactory peduncle Anterior olfactory nucleus pars externa Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus_pars_principalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_olfactory_nucleus_pars_principalis Anterior olfactory nucleus pars principalis Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_parieto-occipital_sulcus Sulcus parieto-occipitalis anterior medial parieto-occipital fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_parieto-occipital_sulcus Anterior parieto-occipital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_parolfactory_sulcus Paraolfactory sulci Set of paraolfactory sulci Sulcus parolfactorius anterior paraolfactory sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_parolfactory_sulcus Anterior parolfactory sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_piriform_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_piriform_cortex Anterior piriform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_pretectal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_pretectal_nucleus Anterior pretectal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_spinocerebellar_tract Gower's tract ventral spinocerebellar tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_spinocerebellar_tract White matter tract that runs through the ventrolateral surface of the spinal cord. It enters the cerebellum through the superior cerebellar peduncle. It arises from cell bodies located in the intermediate and ventral gray matter in the lower half of the spinal cord (Heimer, L: The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 1995, pg 370). It crosses the midline at the segmental level and recrosses in the cerebellum. Its terminals are distributed in the cerebellar anterior lobe, preferentially in the ipsilateral intermediate cortex. Rostrally, it extends to lobule II. The equivalent pathway from the cervical cord is the rostral spinocerebellar tract (Heimer, L: The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 1995, pg 370) Anterior spinocerebellar tract Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_subcentral_sulcus anterior subcentral dimple inferior precentral dimple http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_subcentral_sulcus Anterior subcentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_superior_frontal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_superior_frontal_sulcus Anterior superior frontal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_transverse_collateral_sulcus The Human Brain Surface, Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply Duvernoy, Henri M. 2nd, completely rev. and enlarged ed. 1999, VII, 496 p. Anterior transverse collateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_transverse_temporal_area_41 Brodmann's area 41 area 41 of Brodmann principle auditory receptive areas http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_transverse_temporal_area_41 A subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined temporal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the anterior transverse temporal gyrus (H) in the bank of the lateral sulcus on the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded medially by the parainsular area 52 (H) and laterally by the posterior transverse temporal area 42 (H) (Brodmann-1909). Adapted from Brain Info Anterior transverse temporal area 41 Ontology1255357986125:Anterior_transverse_temporal_gyrus anterior transverse convolution of Heschl first transverse gyrus of Heschl great transverse gyrus of Heschl http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterior_transverse_temporal_gyrus Anterior transverse temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Anterodorsal_nucleus anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus anterodorsal thalamic nucleus nucleus anterior dorsalis nucleus anterior dorsalis thalami nucleus anterior thalami dorsalis nucleus anterodorsalis nucleus anterodorsalis (Hassler) nucleus anterodorsalis thalami nucleus anterosuperior nucleus thalamicus anterodorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterodorsal_nucleus Anterodorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anterodorsal_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body anterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex nucleus corporis geniculati medialis pars anterodorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anterodorsal_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body Anterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Anterodorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Anteromedial_nucleus anteromedial nucleus of the thalamus anteromedial thalamic nucleus nucleus anterior medialis nucleus anterior medialis thalami nucleus anterior thalami medialis nucleus anteromedialis nucleus anteromedialis (Hassler) nucleus anteromedialis thalami nucleus thalamicus anteromedialis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anteromedial_nucleus Anteromedial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anteroventral_cochlear_nucleus anterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus nucleus magnocellularis anteroventral auditory nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anteroventral_cochlear_nucleus Anteroventral cochlear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anteroventral_nucleus anteroventral nucleus of the thalamus anteroventral thalamic nucleus nucleus anterior thalami ventralis nucleus anterior ventralis nucleus anteroinferior nucleus anteroventralis nucleus anteroventralis thalami nucleus thalamicus anteroprincipalis nucleus thalamicus anteroventralis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Anteroventral_nucleus Anteroventral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Anteroventral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Anteroventral nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Infundibular hypothalamic nucleus arcuate nucleus arcuate periventricular nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Arcuate_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Arcuate_nucleus_of_medulla nucleus arciformis pyramidalis medial arcuate nucleus arcuate nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Arcuate_nucleus_of_medulla Arcuate nucleus of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Arcuate_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Arcuate_sulcus Composite sulcus of the frontal lobe of the macaque. Located on the dorsolateral surface, it consists of the superior ramus of the arcuate sulcus (macaque), the inferior ramus of the arcuate sulcus and the spur of the arcuate sulcus (macaque) Arcuate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Area_X pars posterior (Dewulf) anteromedial part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (Jones) area X of Olszewski nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs ventralis medialis nucleus ventralis oralis nucleus ventrooralis internus nucleus ventrooralis internus (Hassler) superior part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Area_X Area X Ontology1255357986125:Area_postrema http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Area_postrema Area postrema Ontology1255357986125:Astrocyte Astroglia Astroglial cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Astrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane. The cell body of an astrocyte spans 10-20 microns and its processes radiate out for another 20-30 microns. Astrocytes stain for the intermediate filament GFAP. Astrocytes are recognized in the transmission electron microscope by their irregular shape, numerous glycogen granules, a relatively clear cytoplasm and bundles of intermediate filaments (adapted from MSH and Synapse Web)., A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury (MSH). Astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Asymmetrical_synapse Gray's Type 1 Synapse http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Asymmetrical_Chemical_Synapse_Quality Type of chemical synapse characterized by a pronounced and relatively thick post-synaptic density compared to the pre-synaptic specialization giving the junction an asymmetrical appearance. This type of synapse is also characterized by round, clear vesicles in the pre-synaptic terminal. Asymmetrical synapse Ontology1255357986125:Axoaxonic_synapse http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/electrotonic+synapse Junction between the axon of one neuron and the axon of another neuron. Axoaxonic synapse Ontology1255357986125:Axodendritic_synapse Axodentritic synapse http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/axodentritic referring to a synapse between the axon of one neuron and dentrites of another. Axodendritic synapse Ontology1255357986125:Axodendrosomatic_synapse http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/synapse Junction between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites and body of another. Axodendrosomatic synapse Ontology1255357986125:Axosomatic_synapse Axo-somatic synapse http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Axosomatic_synapse Referring to a synapse between the axon of one neuron and the cell body of another. Axosomatic synapse Ontology1255357986125:Barrel http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Barrel A cytoarchitectural unit of the barrel cortex characterized in Nissl preparations a dense ring of cell bodies which has, roughly, the shape of a circle or an ellipsoid. As originally described by Woolsey and Van der Loos, this ring represents the side of the barrel and surrounds an area of lower cell density which they named the hollow. Each barrel is separated from its neighbors by a clear, nearly acellular area termed the septum. In tangentially oriented sections, a septum can be seen to separate a barrel from its neighbors. Barrel Ontology1255357986125:Barrel_cortex Barrel field http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Barrel_cortex The term primary somatosensory area, barrel field refers to one of 6 subdivisions of the primary somesthetic area of the cerebral cortex in the mouse (Dong-2004) and the rat (Swanson-2004). It is defined as dark-staining regions in Nissl and other types of stains of layer four of the somatosensory cortex of rodents where somatosensory inputs from the contralateral side of the body come in from the thalamus, in particular input from the whiskers. Each barrel ranges in size from 100-400 um in diameter. Barrel cortex Ontology1255357986125:Basal_amygdaloid_nucleus basolateral amygaloid nucleus basolateral amygdalar nucleus basolateral nucleus (De Olmos) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_amygdaloid_nucleus Basal amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Basal_forebrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_forebrain A region of the brain consisting of ventral and rostral subcortical regions of the telencephalon, including among others, the basal ganglia, septal nuclei, amygdala, ventral pallidum, substantia innominata, and basal nucleus of Meynert. Basal forebrain Ontology1255357986125:Basal_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_hypothalamus Basal hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Basal_nucleus Magnocellular basal nucleus Nucleus basalis Nucleus basalis of Meynert magnocellular corticopetal cell complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_nucleus One of four major groupings of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain containing neurons that project widely to the cortex and amygdala Basal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Basal_part_of_pons Basis pontis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_part_of_pons Basal part of pons Ontology1255357986125:Basal_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_pons Basal pons Ontology1255357986125:Basal_telencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basal_telencephalon Basal telencephalon Ontology1255357986125:Basalis_nucleus_cholinergic_neuron Cholinergic nucleus basalis cell Cholinergic nucleus basalis neuron Nucleus basalis polyhedral neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basalis_nucleus_cholinergic_neuron Large multipolar neuron (also described as polyhedral) found in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal forebrain that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Most of the dendrites are very long giving a thick network of secondary and tertiary dendritic branches in a radial three dimensional arrangement in the neuropil space. The secondary and tertiary dendritic branches are studded with long fusiform or triangular spines (Baloyannis, S. J., Costa, V., Psaroulis, V., Arzoglou, L. Papsotiriou (1994) The nucleus basalis of Meynert of the human brain: a Golgi and electron microscope study) Int J Neurosci., 78: 33-41. Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron Ontology1255357986125:Basolateral_nuclear_complex amygdalar basolateral nucleus amygdaloid basolateral complex basolateral nuclear group deep nuclei pars basolateralis (Corpus amygdaloideum) vicarious cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Basolateral_nuclear_complex A set of amygdalar nuclei comprising the lateral nucleus (LA), the basal nucleus (BA), and the accessory basal nuclei (ABN). These nuclei are bordered laterally by the external capsule and medially by the central amygdalar nucleus as well as the amygdalohippocampal area. This definition refers to the rat Basolateral nuclear complex. Basolateral nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nuclei_of_the_stria_terminalis_oval_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nuclei_of_the_stria_terminalis_oval_nucleus Part of bed nucleus of stria terminalis, comprising a distinct, large, egg-shaped collection of neurons that, together with the juxtacapsular (Ju) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei, encompass the anterolateral area of the BST Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_stria_terminalis bed nuclei of the stria terminalis bed nucleus of the stria terminalis bed nucleus stria terminalis (Johnson) intercalate nucleus of stria terminalis interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis nucleus of the stria terminalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_stria_terminalis Nucleus defined on the basis of Nissl stain whose cells are embedded in, and surround the stria terminalis at its rostral extreme, where it splits into multiple bundles directed ventrally toward different parts of the hypothalamus. The nucleus wraps around the anterior commissure. It is bounded laterally by the internal capsule, medially by the lateral septal nucleus and the anterior column of the fornix, and dorsally by the head of the caudate nucleus and the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle. Some authors have expanded the definition on the basis of other stains and connectivity studies to include cell groups distributed through the dorsal part of substantia innominata between the classical nucleus and the amygdala. The extended nucleus of stria terminalis by that definition is classified as part of the extended amygdala ( Olmos-2004 ). The nucleus is found in the human, the macaque, the rat and the mouse. Adapted from Brain Info. Bed nucleus of stria terminalis Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_basket_neuron BNST basket neuron Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis basket neuron bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket cell bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_basket_neuron Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis basket neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_beaded_neuron BNST beaded cell BNST beaded neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_beaded_neuron Neuron located within the core of the nucleus (BSTov) that is termed a beaded neuron (BN) because of its rounded soma and numerous spherules along both dendrites and axon (Fig. 11). The soma measures from 12 to 17 micrometers in its widest axis and is nearly spherical, having a rather smooth profile. The soma issues two or three short primary dendrites, which usually run horizontally. After a short distance (10 to 40 micrometers), these proximal branches give rise to sets of two to five long, secondary dendrites. The occurrence of third to order dendrites is variable, as is their length (20 to 150 micrometers). A defining characteristic of BN dendrites is the presence of distinct varicosities that are virtually devoid of dendritic spines. The BN axon and its collaterals also exhibit a series of small spherules (0.3-0.5 um) united by thin axonal bridges (Lariva-Sahd, 2006, as reported in http://brancusi.usc.edu/bkms). Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis beaded neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_common_spiny_neuron BNST common spiny neuron common spiny cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_common_spiny_neuron Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis common spiny neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_dense_axon_plexus-forming_neuron BNST dense axon plexus-forming neuron beaded cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_dense_axon_plexus-forming_neuron Among the short to axon neurons, the neurogliaform (NG) and spinous neurogliaform (SNG) types have an extremely dense plexus, and both fall into the DAPF category (Jones, 1984). Both cell types are found in the upper half of the core of the Ov. Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis dense axon plexus-forming neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_spiny_bipolar_neuron spiny bipolar cell spiny bipolar neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_spiny_bipolar_neuron Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis spiny bipolar neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_spiny_neuron_with_chandelier-like_axon dense axon plexus forming cell BNST spiny neuron with chandelier-like axon dense axon plexus forming neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_spiny_neuron_with_chandelier-like_axon Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis spiny neuron with chandelier-like axon Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_superficial_spiny_neuron BNST superficial spiny neuron superficial spiny cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_superficial_spiny_neuron Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis superficial spiny neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_triangular_neuron BNST triangular neuron triangular cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bed_nucleus_of_the_stria_terminalis_triangular_neuron Bed nucleus of the stria terminalis triangular neuron Ontology1255357986125:Bergmann_Glial_Cell Bergmann glia,Bergmann astrocyte,radial epithelial cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bergmann_Glial_Cell Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses. Bergmann glial cell Ontology1255357986125:Beta_Tanycyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Beta_Tanycyte Beta tanycyte Ontology1255357986125:Bipolar_Progenitor_Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Bipolar_Progenitor_Cell A type of NG2 positive cell that resemble oligodendrocyte precursors Bipolar progenitor cell Ontology1255357986125:Body_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Body_of_caudate_nucleus Part of caudate nucleus lying just dorsal to the thalamus Body of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Body_of_fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Body_of_fornix Part of fornix adjacent to the crura where they join together at the midline underneath the corpus callosum Body of fornix Ontology1255357986125:Body_of_lateral_ventricle central part of lateral ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Body_of_lateral_ventricle Part of lateral ventricle consisting of the central portion that lies dorsally, bounded by the thalamus on the ventral side (Adapted from Heimer, 1996) Body of lateral ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Brachium_of_inferior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brachium_of_inferior_colliculus Brachium of inferior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Brachium_of_superior_colliculus superior brachium superior quadrigeminal brachium http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brachium_of_superior_colliculus Bundle of fibers that passes over the medial geniculate nucleus (in humans) to reach the superior colliculus. Contains afferents from the retina. Brachium of superior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Brain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brain The part of the central nervous system contained within the cranium, comprising the forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and metencephalon. It is derived from the anterior part of the embryonic neural tube (or the encephalon). Does not include retina. (CUMBO) Brain Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem brain stem http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brainstem The lower portion of the brain through which the forebrain sends information to, and receives information from, the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Major functions located in the brainstem include those necessary for survival, e.g., breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, and arousal. (NIDA Media Guide Glossary). Note that the definition of brainstem varies in different nomenclatures, for example, some definitions include the diencephalon. Brainstem Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_accumbens_area Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal anterior cingulate cortex to caudal anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_cerebellum Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_cortex_insula 53 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_hippocampus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_inferior_temporal_cortex 6 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to inferior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_pallidum Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to pallidum Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_paracentral_cortex 34 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to paracentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_parsorbitalis_cortex 5 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to parsorbitalis cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_parstriangularis 37 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to parstriangularis Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_postcentral_cortex 12 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to postcentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_precentral_cortex 157 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_precuneus_cortex 23 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_putamen Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to putamen Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_rostral_middle_frontal_cortex 15 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to rostral middle frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_superior_frontal_cortex 66 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to superior frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_superior_parietal_cortex 13 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to superior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_superior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to superior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_supramarginal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to supramarginal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_temporal_pole_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to temporal pole cortex Ontology1255357986125:Brainstem_to_thalamus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Brainstem to thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Brodmann_1909_area_4_human Brodmann's area 4 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_1909_area_4_human Brodmann area comprising a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of the precentral gyrus in human. Cytoarchitecturally the caudal boundary with the area 3 of Brodmann (human) does not coincide precisely with the floor of the central sulcus but lies variably in the banks of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus. The area also does not extend in all cases to the cingulate sulcus medially or to the end of the central sulcus ventrolaterally. It is bounded rostrally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909) (adapted from Brain Info). Brodmann 1909 area 4 human Ontology1255357986125:Brodmann_area_45 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_45 Part of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. In the human, it occupies the triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human) and, surrounding the anterior horizontal limb of the lateral sulcus (human), a portion of the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (human). Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral sulcus (human), it borders on the insula in the depth of the lateral sulcus. Cytoarchitectonically it is bounded caudally by the opercular area 44, rostrodorsally by the area 46 of Brodmann (human) and ventrally by the area 47 of Brodmann (human) (Brodmann-1909) (Adapted from Brain Info) Brodmann area 45 Ontology1255357986125:Brodmann_area_46 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_46 Brodmann area 46 Ontology1255357986125:Brodmann_area_9 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_9 Brodmann area 9 Ontology1255357986125:Brodmann_partition_scheme_region Brodmann area Brodmann areas Brodmann parcellation scheme region Brodmann partition scheme Brodmann's areas http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_partition_scheme_region A segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of cytoarchitecture as described in Brodmann-1905, Brodmann-1909 and Brodmann-10. Maps for several species were presented. NeuroNames includes only areas in the human and in Old World monkeys. Of the latter, Brodmann studied representatives of several species including guenons (one Cercopithecus mona, one Cercocebus torquatus, and one Cercopithecus otherwise unspecified), which are all closely related African species, and one macaque (Macaca mulatta) an Asian species (Brodmann-1905). The legend to the summary map in Brodmann-1909 ascribes the areas simply to Cercopithecus. Brodmann referenced the areas by name and number. The same area number in humans and monkeys did not necessarily refer to topologically or cytoarchitecturally homologous structures. In NeuroNames the standard term for human areas consists of the English translation of Brodmann's Latin name followed by the number he assigned, e.g., agranular frontal area 6; the standard terms for monkey areas are in the format: area 6 of Brodmann-1909. He mapped a portion of areas limited to the banks of sulci, e.g., area 3 of Brodmann-1909 (Brodmann-1909) onto the adjacent, visible surface. This accounts for the fact that some areas appear larger on his surface map than on maps of other authors, e.g., area 3 of Vogts-1919. (Adapted from NeuroNames) Brodmann partition scheme region Ontology1255357986125:CA1 CA1 field CA1 field of hippocampus Regio superior cornu ammonis 1 field CA1 of hippocampus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA1 Part of hippocampus proper bounded by CA2 and the subiculum, characterized by pyramidal neurons that receive projections from pyramidal neurons of CA3 via the Schaffer collaterals. CA1 Ontology1255357986125:CA1_alveus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA1_alveus Part of alveus lying in area CA1, deep to the stratum oriens of CA1 and continuous with the alveus of CA2 CA1 alveus Ontology1255357986125:CA1_field_to_CA2_field Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 CA1 field to CA2 field Ontology1255357986125:CA1_stratum_lacunosum_moleculare CA1 s. lacunosum moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA1_stratum_lacunosum_moleculare Part of stratum lacunosum-moleculare lying in area CA1, superficial to CA1 stratum radiatum and bounded by the pial surface, continuous with stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA2 and the subiculum stratum moleculare CA1 stratum lacunosum moleculare Ontology1255357986125:CA1_stratum_oriens CA1 s. oriens Field CA1 stratum oriens http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA1_stratum_oriens Part of stratum oriens lying in area CA1, superficial to the alveus of CA1 and deep to the pyramidal cell layer of CA1. It is continuous with the stratum oriens of CA2 and bounded by the subiculum CA1 stratum oriens Ontology1255357986125:CA1_stratum_pyramidale CA1 pyramidal cell layer CA1 s. pyramidale CA1 stratum pyramidale hippocampi http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA1_stratum_pyramidale Part of pyramidal cell layer lying in area CA1, superficial to the CA1 stratum oriens, and deep to the stratum radiatum of CA1, continuous with the pyramidal cell layers of CA2 and the subiculum. It is characterized by pyramidal cell bodies that are generally smaller in size than those in the other hippocampal sectors. CA1 stratum pyramidale Ontology1255357986125:CA1_stratum_radiatum CA1 part of stratum radiatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA1_stratum_radiatum Part of stratum radiatum lying in area CA1, superficial to the CA1 pyramidal cell layer and deep to the CA1 stratum lucidum-moleculare, continuous with the stratum radiatum of CA2 and bounded by the subiculum. It contains the Schaffer collateral projection from CA3. CA1 stratum radiatum Ontology1255357986125:CA2 CA2 field CA2 field of hippocampus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA2 Part of hippocampus proper bounded by areas CA3 and CA1, characterized by a narrow layer of large pyramidal cells, similar in size to CA3 pyramidal cells, but which lack the mossy fiber input from the dentate gyrus (adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 460) CA2 Ontology1255357986125:CA2_alveus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA2_alveus Part of alveus lying in area CA2 deep to CA2 stratum oriens continuous with the alveus of CA1 CA2 alveus Ontology1255357986125:CA2_stratum_lacunosum_moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA2_stratum_lacunosum_moleculare Part of stratum lacunosum-moleculare lying in area CA2, superficial to the CA2 stratum radiatum, that is continuous with the stratum lacunosum-moleculare in areas CA3 and CA1 CA2 stratum lacunosum moleculare Ontology1255357986125:CA2_stratum_oriens http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA2_stratum_oriens Part of stratum oriens lying in area CA3 deep to the CA3 pyramidal cell layer and continuous with stratum oriens of area CA2 and bounded by the dentate gyrus hilus. CA2 stratum oriens Ontology1255357986125:CA2_stratum_pyramidale CA2 pyramidal cell layer CA2 stratum pyramidale hippocampi pyramidal cell layer of CA2 stratum pyramidale of CA2 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA2_stratum_pyramidale Part of pyramidal cell layer in area CA2, lying superficial to the CA2 stratum oriens, and deep to the stratum radiatum of CA2, continuous with the pyramidal cell layers of CA1 and CA3 CA2 stratum pyramidale Ontology1255357986125:CA2_stratum_radiatum stratum radiatum of CA2 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA2_stratum_radiatum Part of stratum radiatum in area CA2, lying superficial to the pyramidal cell layer and deep to CA2 stratum lacunosum-moleculare, continuous with the stratum radiatum of CA1 and CA3. CA2 stratum radiatum Ontology1255357986125:CA3 CA3 field CA3 field of hippocampus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3 Part of hippocampus proper bounded by the hilus of the dentate gyrus and area CA2, characterized by large pyramidal cells and a dense projection from dentate gyrus granule cell mossy fibers CA3 Ontology1255357986125:CA3_alveus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_alveus Part of alveus lying within hippocampal sector CA3 CA3 alveus Ontology1255357986125:CA3_pyramidal_cell_dendrite http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_pyramidal_cell_dendrite Dendrite of a hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell CA3 pyramidal cell dendrite Ontology1255357986125:CA3_stratum_lacunosum_moleculare CA3 part of stratum lacunosum moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_stratum_lacunosum_moleculare Part of stratum lacunosum-moleculare in area CA3. It is bounded by the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA2 and CA1. It is bounded superficially by the pial surface and deep by the CA3 stratum radiatum. It is continuous with the stratum lacunosum-moleculare of CA2. CA3 stratum lacunosum moleculare Ontology1255357986125:CA3_stratum_lucidum CA3 s. lucidum Stratum lucidum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_stratum_lucidum Cytoarchitectural layer in CA3 consisting of a relatively acellular zone lying just above the pyramidal cell layer, occupied by mossy fiber axons originating from the dentate gyrus (adapted from Paxinos G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd edition, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995). CA3 stratum lucidum Ontology1255357986125:CA3_stratum_oriens CA3 s. oriens http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_stratum_oriens Part of stratum oriens lying in area CA3 deep to the CA3 pyramidal cell layer and continuous with stratum oriens of area CA2 and bounded by the dentate gyrus hilus. CA3 stratum oriens Ontology1255357986125:CA3_stratum_pyramidale CA3 Stratum pyramidale CA3 pyramidal cell layer CA3 s. pyramidale CA3 stratum pyramidale CA3 stratum pyramidale hippocampi http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_stratum_pyramidale CA3 stratum pyramidale Ontology1255357986125:CA3_stratum_radiatum CA3 s. radiatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CA3_stratum_radiatum Part of stratum radiatum in area CA3, lying superficial to the stratum lucidum and deep to CA3 stratum lacunosum-moleculare. CA3 stratum radiatum Ontology1255357986125:CNS_glial_cell glia neuroglial cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:CNS_glial_cell Any glial cell (FBbt_00005144) that is part of some central nervous system (FBbt_00005094). Glial cell Ontology1255357986125:Calcarine_sulcus Sulcus calcarinus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Calcarine_sulcus Calcarine sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Callosal_sulcus Sulcus corporis callosi sulcus of corpus callosum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Callosal_sulcus Callosal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Calyx_of_Held calyx of held http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153236?journalCode=physiol The calyx of Held synapse is a giant axosomatic synapse in the auditory brainstem that functions as a fast, inverting, relay synapse. Calyx of Held synapse Ontology1255357986125:Capsular_division_of_lateral_central_nucleus_of_the_amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Capsular_division_of_lateral_central_nucleus_of_the_amygdala Capsular division of lateral central nucleus of the amygdala Ontology1255357986125:Capsule_of_medial_geniculate_body capsula corporis geniculati medialis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Capsule_of_medial_geniculate_body Capsule of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Capsule_of_red_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Capsule_of_red_nucleus Capsule of red nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum whereas the caudal boundary was established as the first appearance of the mammillary bodies. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was the corpus callosum (Christine Fennema-Notestine). Caudal anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex_to_isthmus_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal anterior cingulate cortex to isthmus cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex_to_medial_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal anterior cingulate cortex to medial orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex_to_posterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal anterior cingulate cortex to posterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_brainstem http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_brainstem Caudal brainstem Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_central_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_central_oculomotor_nucleus Caudal central oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_cerebellum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_cerebellum Caudal cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_globus_pallidus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_globus_pallidus Caudal globus pallidus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_hypothalamus Caudal hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_medulla_oblongata http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_medulla_oblongata Caudal medulla oblongata Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_midbrain Caudal midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to brainstem Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_insule_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to insule cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_pars_triangularis_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to pars triangularis cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_parsopercularis_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to parsopercularis cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_precentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_putame Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to putamen Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_rostral_middle_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to rostral middle frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_cortex_to_superior_ftontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudal middle frontal cortex to superior ftontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_middle_frontal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_middle_frontal_gyrus Component of the middl frontal gyrus. The rostral boundary of the middle frontal gyrus was the rostral extent of the middle frontal gyrus whereas the caudal boundary was the precentral gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries were designated as the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). Caudal middle frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_nucleus_raphe_obscurus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_nucleus_raphe_obscurus Caudal nucleus raphe obscurus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_nucleus_tractus_solitarius http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_nucleus_tractus_solitarius Caudal nucleus tractus solitarius Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus trigeminal caudal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus Caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_part_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus caudal part dorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (Jones) nucleus dorsooralis (Van Buren) nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs dorsalis nucleus ventralis lateralis pars caudalis ventral lateral nucleus ventral lateral thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_part_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus Caudal part of ventral lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_part_of_ventral_posterolateral_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_part_of_ventral_posterolateral_nucleus Caudal part of ventral posterolateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_pons Caudal pontine regions Caudal pontine http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_pons Caudal pons Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_pontine_reticular_nucleus Caudal pontine reticular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_putamen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_putamen Caudal putamen Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_striatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_striatum Caudal striatum Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_superior_temporal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_superior_temporal_gyrus Caudal superior temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_thalamus Caudal thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Caudal_vestibular_nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudal_vestibular_nuclei Caudal vestibular nuclei Ontology1255357986125:Caudate_anterior_cingulate_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudate anterior cingulate cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudate_anterior_cingulate_cortex_to_rostral_anterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudate anterior cingulate cortex to rostral anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudate_anterior_cingulate_cortex_to_superior_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudate anterior cingulate cortex to superior frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Caudate_nucleus Caudate http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Caudate_nucleus Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species. Caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Caudate_to_thalamus 61 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Caudate to thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Caudomedial_Nidopallium_to_Caudomedial_Mesopallium Human http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Projection_from_Caudomedial_Nidopallium_to_Caudomedial_Mesopallium Caudomedial Nidopallium to Caudomedial Mesopallium Ontology1255357986125:Central_amygdaloid_nucleus central nucleus of amygdala central nucleus of the amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_amygdaloid_nucleus The output region of the amygdala responsible for controlling responses. Central amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Central_dorsal_nucleus nucleus centralis dorsalis thalami nucleus centralis superior lateralis nucleus centralis superior lateralis thalami nucleus circularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_dorsal_nucleus Central dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Central_gray_substance_of_pons Central gray of pons pontine central gray pontine gray http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_gray_substance_of_pons Central gray substance of pons Ontology1255357986125:Central_lateral_nucleus central lateral nucleus of thalamus central lateral thalamic nucleus centrolateral thalamic nucleus nucleus centralis lateralis of thalamus nucleus centralis lateralis thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_lateral_nucleus Central lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Central_medial_nucleus central medial nucleus of thalamus central medial nucleus thalamus (Rioch 1928) central medial thalamic nucleus nucleus centralis medialis nucleus centralis medialis thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_medial_nucleus Central medial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Central_nucleus_of_inferior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_nucleus_of_inferior_colliculus Central nucleus of inferior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Central_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_oculomotor_nucleus Central oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Central_sulcus fissure of Rolando Rolandic fissure Sulcus centralis Sulcus centralis cerebri central fissure central sulcus of Rolando sulcus centralis (Rolandi) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_sulcus Central sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Central_sulcus_of_insula central sulcus of the insula www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ The central sulcus of the insula runs antero-inferiorly from the superior segment of the circular segment of the insula. Central sulcus of insula Ontology1255357986125:Central_tegmental_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_tegmental_tract A pathway containing fibers from midbrain nuclei that project to the inferior olivary complex, as well as fibers originating in the pontine reticular formation and the medullary reticular formation that project to several nuclei of the thalamus. It can be identified in the midbrain and the pons Central tegmental tract Ontology1255357986125:Central_tegmental_tract_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_tegmental_tract_of_midbrain Central tegmental tract of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Central_tegmental_tract_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_tegmental_tract_of_pons Central tegmental tract of pons Ontology1255357986125:Centromedian_nucleus central magnocellular nucleus of thalamus central nucleus-1 centre median nucleus centromedian nucleus centromedian thalamic nucleus centrum medianum centrum medianum thalami nucleus centralis centralis nucleus centralis thalami (Hassler) nucleus centri mediani thalami nucleus centromedianus nucleus centromedianus thalami nucleus centrum medianum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Centromedian_nucleus Centromedian nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_Corticopontine_Projection http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_Corticopontine_Projection Cerebellar Corticopontine Projection Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_Paravermis Intermediate zone http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_Paravermis A region on either side of the midline of the cerebellum that lies lateral to the vermis and medial to the hemisphere. It contains the cerebellar cortical zones C1, C2 and C3 and receives climbing fibre input from the inferior olive and projects to the nucleus interpositus. Here, the term is used to denote the functionally related C1, C3 and Y (but not the C2) zones (Nature glossary: http://www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v6/n4/glossary/nrn1646.html#df1). Cerebellar Paravermis Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_Pontocerebellar_Projection http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_Pontocerebellar_Projection Cerebellar Pontocerebellar Projection Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_Serotonergic_Afferents http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_Serotonergic_Afferents Exert a diffuse, modulatory influence on the activity of cerebellar neurons Cerebellar Serotonergic Afferents Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_cortex The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer, and the white matter laminae lying deep to the granule cell layer. Cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_deep_nucleus_principal_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_deep_nucleus_principal_neuron Cerebellar deep nucleus principal neuron Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_glomerulus Cerebellar glomeruli Glomeruli http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_glomerulus A glomerulus located in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex. It consists of granule cell dendrites (post-synaptic) and Golgi cell axon terminals (pre-synaptic) surrounding the synaptic terminals of mossy fibers (pre-synaptic). Cerebellar glomerulus Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_penducular_complex cerebellar peduncles cerebellar peduncles and decussations http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_penducular_complex Cerebellar penducular complex Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellar_white_matter http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellar_white_matter Regional part of cerebellum consisting of the myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer, excluding the deep cerebellar nuclei and the cerebellar peduncles. Cerebellar white matter Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum Cerebellar http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum Part of the rhombencephalon that lies in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brain stem, consisting of the cerebellar cortex, deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar white matter. A portion of the brain that helps regulate posture, balance, and coordination. (NIDA Media Guide Glossary) Cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_Golgi_cell Cerebellar Golgi neuron Cerebellar golgi cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_Golgi_cell Large intrinsic neuron located in the granule layer of the cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell enters ramifies densely in the granule layer and enters into a complex arrangement with mossy fiber terminals and granule cell dendrites to form the cerebellar glomerulus. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. Cerebellum Golgi cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_Lugaro_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_Lugaro_cell Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer characterized by a fusiform cell body with thick, horizontally oriented dendrites. Lugaro cells are located in or slightly below the Purkinje cell layer outermost edge of the granular layer. Cerebellum Lugaro cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_Purkinje_cell Purkyne cell Cerebellar Purkinje neuron Corpuscles of Purkinje Purkinje Cell Purkinje neuron Purkinje's corpuscles cerebellar purkinje cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_Purkinje_cell Principal neuron (projection neuron) of the cerebellar cortex; cell bodies arranged in a single layer; characterized by a pear-shaped cell body, 1 (rarely 2) primary dendrites and an elaborate dendritic tree heavily invested with dendritic spines. Cerebellum Purkinje cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_basket_cell Cerebellar basket cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_basket_cell Intrinsic cell residing in the inner third of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Axons extend laterally, transverse to the folium, and densely innervate the somata of Purkinje neurons. Axon collaterals of the basket cell axon form the specialized terminal plexus, the "pinceau", around the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. Cerebellum basket cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_candelabrum_cell candelabrum cell candelabrum neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_candelabrum_cell Neuron with perikaryon located inside the Purkinje cell layer. It is squeezed, either between the bulging parts of the PC somata or in the space left free between their upper poles, just at the level of the lower border of the molecular layer. Cerebellum candelabrum cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_granule_cell Cerebellar granule cell Cerebellar granule neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_granule_cell Small, numerous neuron in the granule cell layer of the vertebrate cerebellar cortex, characterized by a very small soma and several short dendrites which terminate with claw-shaped endings. In the transmission electron microscope, these cells are characterized by a darkly stained nucleus surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm. The axon ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates to form parallel fibers which run parallel to the long axis of the folium. Llinas, Walton and Lang. Cerebellum. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. Cerebellum granule cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_nucleus_reciprocal_projections_neuron reciprocal projections neuron cerebellar nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_nucleus_reciprocal_projections_neuron These neurons receive projections from Purkinke cells and send feedback axons to the same cerebellar cortex neurons. Cerebellum nucleus reciprocal projections neuron Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_stellate_cell Cerebellar stellate neuron Cerebellar stellate cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_stellate_cell Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. Cerebellum stellate cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebellum_unipolar_brush_cell Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebellum_unipolar_brush_cell A type of cell in the cerebellar cortex, first described in 1977 by Altman and Bayer, characterized by a single dendrite ending in a small brush consisting of a number of small dendrites called dendrioles. Unipolar brush cells are found in primarily in the granular cell layer and most concentrated in lobule IX, the flocculus, the nodulus and the ventromedial zone of the paraflocculus. Their somata are larger than granule cells but smaller than Golgi cells. They are known to stain for calretinin. Cerebellum unipolar brush cell Ontology1255357986125:Cerebral_aqueduct aqueduct of Sylvius http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebral_aqueduct Part of ventricular system of brain consisting of a narrow channel in the midbrain connecting the third and fourth ventricles. Cerebral aqueduct Ontology1255357986125:Cerebral_cortex cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebral_cortex The thin layer of gray matter on the surface of the cerebral hemisphere that develops from the telencephalon. It consists of the neocortex (6 layered cortex or isocortex), the hippocampal formation and the olfactory cortex. The cerebral cortex is a sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the mammalian brain. It plays a key role in memory, attention, perceptual awareness, thought, language, and consciousness. It is constituted of up to six horizontal layers, each of which has a different composition in terms of neurons and connectivity. Cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cerebral_crus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebral_crus Cerebral crus Ontology1255357986125:Cerebral_peduncle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cerebral_peduncle Cerebral peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Chemical_synapse http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/synapse Chemical synapses involving release of a neurotransmitter from the presynaptic nerve ending which binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, opening ion channels and leading to local depolarization. Chemical synapse Ontology1255357986125:Choroid_Epithelial_Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Choroid_Epithelial_Cell Cuboidal shaped epithelial cell forming one of the components of the choroid plexus (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Choroid epithelial cell Ontology1255357986125:Choroid_plexus_of_fourth_ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Choroid_plexus_of_fourth_ventricle Choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle Choroid plexus of fourth ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Choroid_plexus_of_lateral_ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Choroid_plexus_of_lateral_ventricle Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle Choroid plexus of lateral ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Choroid_plexus_of_third_ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Choroid_plexus_of_third_ventricle Part of choroid plexus contained in the third ventricle Choroid plexus of third ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cingulate_cortex Cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_cortex_to_cunesu_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cingulate cortex to cunesu cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_cortex_to_hippocampus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cingulate cortex to hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cingulate cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cingulate cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_gyrus cingulate area cingulate region http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cingulate_gyrus One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and interhemispheric commissure and forms part of the limbic system. (MSH) One of three essential structures comprising the limbic lobe, the other two being the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus. (CSP) Cingulate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Cingulate_sulcus Sulcus callosomarginalis Sulcus cingulatus Sulcus cinguli calloso-marginal sulcus callosomarginal fissure callosomarginal sulcus cingulate fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cingulate_sulcus Cingulate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Circuit_part_of_central_nervous_system http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Circuit_part_of_central_nervous_system Circuit part of central nervous system Ontology1255357986125:Circular_sulcus_of_insula circuminsular sulcus marginal insular sulcus Sulcus circularis insulae Sulcus marginalis insulae circular fissure circular sulcus (of Reil) circular sulcus of the insula ciruclar insular sulcus limiting fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Circular_sulcus_of_insula Circular sulcus of insula Ontology1255357986125:Claustral_amygdaloid_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Claustral_amygdaloid_area Claustral amygdaloid area Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum insular claustrum claustrum proper http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Claustrum Lamina of gray matter in the forebrain separated from the cortex in most species by the extreme capsule. Claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_cortical_area_3a Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to cortical area 3a Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_cortical_area_3b Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to cortical area 3b Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_cortical_areas_1_and_2 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to cortical areas 1 and 2 Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_entorhinal_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_primary_visual_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to primary visual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Claustrum_to_secondary_visual_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Claustrum to secondary visual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cochlear_nuclear_complex Cochlear nuclei Cochlear nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nuclear_complex Cochlear nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Cochlear_nuclear_complex_to_inferior_cerebellar_puduncle Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Cochlear nuclear complex to inferior cerebellar puduncle Ontology1255357986125:Collateral_sulcus Sulcus collateralis collateral fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Collateral_sulcus Sulcus that runs from the anterior part of the human medial temporal lobe along the parahippocampal gyrus into the occipital lobe. Collateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_Inferior_GABAergic_Principal_Cell large GABAergic (LG) neurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_Inferior_GABAergic_Principal_Cell Winer and colleagues (1996) first described that GABAergic neurons project to the medial geniculate body in cat. Peruzzi et al. (1997) showed that the cell type is also found in rats, and sends action potentials more rapidly than glutamatergic IC neurons. Ito and colleagues (2009) showed that the cell type is the largest neuron in the IC and receives dense VGLUT2-positive axosomatic terminals on the cell body. Other cell types such as glutamatergic neurons and small GABAergic neurons do not have such endings Colliculus Inferior GABAergic Principal Cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_inferior_intrinsic_cell small GABAergic (SG) neurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_inferior_intrinsic_cell It is not established that there are "pure" local interneurons of which axons are restricted in the inferior colliculus (IC). However, even after a large injection of retrograde tracer into the medial geniculate body (MGB), a main target of IC projection, most small GABAergic neurons, which lack dense excitatory axosomatic terminals, were not labeled with the tracer. On the other hand, large GABAergic neurons send axons to the MGB. Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_inferior_principal_cell Inferior colliculus principal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_inferior_principal_cell Around 80% of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) is glutamatergic (Ito and Oliver, 2012). They express vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) 2 but not VGLUT1 or VGLUT3 (Ito and Oliver, 2010, 2011). Their main target is the medial geniculate body although they send axons to most auditory brainstem nuclei. Since majority of IC neurons are disc-shaped, which extend their dendrite parallel to isofrequency laminae (Oliver, 1984), majority of glutamatergic neurons are likely to be disc-shaped. Stellate neurons, which are less common and extend dendrite perpendicular to isofrequency laminae, also project to the medial geniculate body (Oliver, 1984). Colliculus inferior principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_stellate_cell_of_the_zone_of_horizontal_cell stellate cell of the zone of horizontal cells http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_stellate_cell_of_the_zone_of_horizontal_cells Colliculus stellate cell of the zone of horizontal cells Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_deep_vertical_fusiform_cell deep vertical fusiform cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_deep_vertical_fusiform_cell Deep vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies about 20 micrometers wide and their dendrites extend from the upper margin of the zone of vertical cells to the depth of the zone of optic fibers perhaps even deeper. The superficial and deep fields are usually notably different in the manner in which the dendrites branch and spread, the over to all size of the fields, the shapes of the fields, the type and density of spines, and the caliber of the dendrites. Colliculus superior deep vertical fusiform cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_intermediate_vertical_fusiform_cell intermediate vertical fusiform cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_intermediate_vertical_fusiform_cell The intermediate vertical fusiform cells have cell bodies 12 to 18 micrometers in diameter in the upper portion of the zone of vertical cells and their dendritic fields extend from the collicular surface to the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells (fig. 12b, 13). Intermediate vertical fusiform cells most often have a superficial field with relatively fewer spines, straighter, more even caliber dendrites that branch less often but more equally than those in the deep field of the same cell (figs. 12b, 13). Colliculus superior intermediate vertical fusiform cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_inverted_pyramidal_cell inverted pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_inverted_pyramidal_cell The inverted pyramidal cell is similar to the pyramidal cell except that the cell body lies within the deep portion of the zone of horizontal cells. The superficial field is a circumsomatic field and the deep field is elongated to reach into the deeper portion of the zone of vertical cells. The cell body is about the size of an intermediate vertical fusiform cell soma. The axon is similar, but more apt to have collaterals to the superficial zones. Inverted pyramidal cells fall within the definition of the narrow field vertical cells. Colliculus superior inverted pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_piriform_cell piriform cell piriform neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_piriform_cell The piriform cells have ovoid or cup shaped cell bodies, 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, located within a narrow lamina along the deep margin of the zone of horizontal cells. The restriction of the piriform cell somata to the boundary between the zone of horizontal cells and the zone of vertical cells is remarkably accurate and consistent. The piriform cells give rise to 2 to 5 dendrites from the superficial surface, which course through the zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the surface. As the ascending dendrites approach the surface they branch more frequently, almost always by equipartition, to form a complicated intermingling bouquet of slowly tapering dendrites, 150 to 350 micrometers in width and slightly less than 200 micrometers in depth. The axon most frequently takes its origin from the base of the soma, but sometimes it arises from one of the low order dendrites. From its origin the axon runs immediately down through the zone of vertical cells, occasionally with collaterals which may arborize within the superficial laminae. The axon is thin and smooth, occasionally with en passant varicosities. Colliculus superior piriform cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_pyramidal_cell pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_pyramidal_cell Pyramidal cells are similar to vertical fusiform cells in most respects. They have a vertically elongated cell body, about 15 micrometers in transverse diameter, in the deeper half of the zone of vertical cells. The dendritic field is narrow and cylindrical, 100 to 250 micrometer in diameter, and extends from the upper margin of the zone of horizontal cells to the lower margin of the zone of vertical cells, about 500 micrometers. Rather than having superficial and deep fields, the pyramidal cell has the deep field reduced to a circumsomatic field, or a diminuitive basal field, and the superficial field is relatively elongated to accord with the deeper cell body. Pyramidal cells are usually multipolar, with one or two thick apical dendrites, which branch several times on the way to the surface, particularly in the upper portion of the zone of horizontal cells, and several smaller dendrites which form a small field about the cell body. It is of interest that smooth pyramidal cells tend to have two primary dendrites, like smooth vertical fusiform cells. The axon takes its origin from the soma or a low order dendrite and runs down into the deep zones. It is smooth and thin, about like that of the vertical fusiform cells. Colliculus superior pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_stellate_neuron stellate neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_stellate_neuron The third major category of cells in the superior colliculus is the stellate cell. The cells are defined by the lack of overall orientation to the dendritic fields which extend symmetrically from the cell body. Stellate cells are multipolar with dendrites arising from any portion of the cell body. The dendrites may range anywhere from gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most frequent in the zone of horizontal cells and the smooth radiate cells increasingly more frequent in the deeper zones until they are almost the only cell type in the zones below the stratum opticum. The dimensions of the cell bodies and dendritic fields are comparable to those of other cells in the same zone and the dendritic field is generally contained within the same zone as the cell body. The axons of stellate cells have both local and/or distant distributions and a morphology characteristic of intrinsic axons. As with all the other cell types, the axon may take its origin from the cell body or a low order dendrite. Colliculus superior stellate neuron Ontology1255357986125:Colliculus_superior_wide_field_vertical_cell wide field vertical cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_wide_field_vertical_cell There are two similar populations in the group of wide field vertical cells. The first lies in the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells where it looks very similar to the piriform cells relative to the zone of horizontal cells. Cajal called these the ovoid or triangular cells. The second population has its cell bodies distributed primarily to the upper portion of the zone of optic fibers. Cajal called these triangular or stellate cells. Cajal's nomenclature is rather bulky and, though descriptive, somewhat confusing because stellate cells are a distinct cell type in the nomenclature of this paper and triangular occurs in both names. For reasons developed below, the ovoid or triangular cells or wide field cells of the zone of vertical cells will be called Type II ganglion cells and the triangular or stellate cells or wide field cells of the zone of optic fibers will be called Type III ganglion cells. Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells. Collator note: we assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons, because at least several subpopulations project to visually related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos, 1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo, 1987). Colliculus superior wide field vertical cell Ontology1255357986125:Commissural_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve nucleus of inferior commisure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Commissural_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve Commissural nucleus of vagus nerve Ontology1255357986125:Commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Commissure White matter fiber bundle that crosses the midline of the brain or spinal cord, that connects similar structures on both sides (Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 6). Commissure Ontology1255357986125:Commissure_of_fornix dorsal hippocampal commissure fornical commissure hippocampal commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Commissure_of_fornix Commissure of fornix Ontology1255357986125:Commissure_of_inferior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Commissure_of_inferior_colliculus Commissure of inferior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Commissure_of_superior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Commissure_of_superior_colliculus Commissure of superior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Copula_pyramidis Copula of the pyramis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Copula_pyramidis A part of the cerebellar hemisphere in the mouse ( Paxinos-2001 ) and the rat ( Swanson-1998 ) that corresponds laterally to the pyramis of the vermis of the cerebellum. It is regarded as the rodent homolog of the 'lateral belly' of the the biventer lobule of the human (Voogd-1990) Copula pyramidis Ontology1255357986125:Core_of_nucleus_accumbens Nucleus accumbens core http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Core_of_nucleus_accumbens Core of nucleus accumbens Ontology1255357986125:Cornu_ammonis_to_lateral_mamillary_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cornu ammonis to lateral mamillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cornu_ammonis_to_medial_mamillary_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cornu ammonis to medial mamillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cornu_ammonis_to_subiculum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cornu ammonis to subiculum Ontology1255357986125:Corona_radiata http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Corona_radiata Fan shaped white matter mass comprised of afferent and efferent fibers from the cerebral cortex arranged in radially arrayed bundles, converging towards the internal capsule Corona radiata Ontology1255357986125:Corpus_callosum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Corpus_callosum White matter structure containing massive numbers of commissural fibers connecting cortical areas in the two cerebral hemispheres.it is subdivided into a genu, a rostrum, a body, and a splenium. (MM) Corpus callosum Ontology1255357986125:Cortex_insula_to_caudate 1 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cortex insula to caudate Ontology1255357986125:Cortex_postcentral_to_brainstem 1 (weak) Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cortex postcentral to brainstem Ontology1255357986125:Cortex_pyramidal_cell Cortical pyramidal cell Cortex pyramidal neuron Cortical pyramidal neuron General cortex pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cortex_pyramidal_cell Any pyramidal neuron whose cell some is located in the cerebral cortex or any of its parts Cortex pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_amygdaloid_nucleus posterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus posterior amygdaloid area posterior cortical nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cortical_amygdaloid_nucleus Three layered structure that is located in the caudal aspect of the amygdala bordering the periamygdaloid cortex laterally. Cortical amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3a_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3a to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3a_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3a to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3a_to_second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex Moderate Macaca mulatta "http://www.brainmaps.org/connectivity2list.php?cmd=reset" Cortical area 3a to second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_cuneate_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to cuneate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_dorsal_horn Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to dorsal horn Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_gracile_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to gracile nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex Heavy Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_3b_to_ventral_posterior_medial_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to ventral horn Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_4_to_cortical_areas_1_and_2 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to cortical areas 1 and 2 Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_4_to_pontine_gray Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to pontine gray Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_4_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_4_to_second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex Moderate Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_area_4_to_ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_cortical_area_3b Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to cortical area 3b Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_pontine_gray Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to pontine gray Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_ventral_posterior_medial_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_rea_4_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Cortical_rea_4_to_cortical_area_3b Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 4 to cortical area 3b Ontology1255357986125:Corticomedial_nuclear_complex pars corticomedialis (Corpus amygdaloideum) amygdalar corticomedial nucleus corticomedial nuclear group superficial nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Corticomedial_nuclear_complex These structures are referred to as nuclei but have a layered cortical like structure. These areas include the anterior amygdaloid area, posterior amygdaloid area, the periamygdaloid cortex, and the bed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract. Corticomedial nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Corticotectal_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Corticotectal_tract Corticotectal tract Ontology1255357986125:Cuneate_fasciculus_of_medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cuneate_fasciculus_of_medulla Cuneate fasciculus of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Cuneate_nucleus Burdachs nucleus cuneate http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cuneate_nucleus Cuneate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cuneate_nucleus_to_ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cuneate nucleus to ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Cuneiform_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cuneiform_nucleus Cuneiform nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Cuneocerebellar_tract cuneocerebellar fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cuneocerebellar_tract Cuneocerebellar tract Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex cuneate lobule cuneus cuneus gyrus cuneus of hemisphere http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cuneus_cortex Cuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_fufiform_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to fusiform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_hippocampus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_isthmuc_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to isthmuc cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_pericalcarine_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to pericalcarine cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Hmo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_superior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to superior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Cuneus_cortex_to_thalamus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Cuneus cortex to thalamus Ontology1255357986125:DOrsal_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_hypothalamus Dorsal hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Decussation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Decussation Nerve fibers crossing the midline of the neuraxis relative to their point of origin, on a course to from one level of the nervous system to another. (Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 6). Decussation Ontology1255357986125:Decussation_of_medial_lemniscus sensory decussation decussation of lemnisci decussation of lemniscus decussation of medial lemnisci medullary sensory decussation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Decussation_of_medial_lemniscus Decussation of medial lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Decussation_of_superior_cerebellar_peduncle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Decussation_of_superior_cerebellar_peduncle Part of superior cerebellar peduncle located in the caudal midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus, consisting of a large bundle of fibers crossing the midline. It contains fibers projecting from the deep cerebellar nucleus to the midbrain and thalamus through the superior cerebellar peduncle Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Decussation_of_trochlear_nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Decussation_of_trochlear_nerve Decussation of trochlear nerve Ontology1255357986125:Deep_cerebellar_nuclear_complex Cerebellar nuclei deep cerebellar nuclei intracerebellar nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Deep_cerebellar_nuclear_complex Deep cerebellar nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Dendrodendritic_synapse http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/synapse Junction between a dendrite of one cell to a dendrite of another. Dendrodendritic synapse Ontology1255357986125:Densocellular_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus medialis dorsalis paralamellaris (Hassler) pars densocellularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Densocellular_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus Densocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus fascia dentata http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus Part of the hippocampal formation forming a "V" or "U" shaped structure with the opening bounded by hippocampal area CA3. It consists of 3 layers from superficial to deep: molecular, granule cell and polymorphic or hilar layer. Dentate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_HICAP_cell Hilar cell Hilar neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_HICAP_cell "The Dentate gyrus HICAP cells (HIlar Commissural-Associational pathway related cells) are multipolar or triangular cells in the polymorphic layer with thin, aspiny dendrites that extend both within the hilus and within the molecular layer. the axons of these HICAP cells extend through the granule cell layer and branch profusely in the inner third of the molecular layer." Dentate gyrus HICAP cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_HIPP_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_HIPP_cell "The Dentate gyrus HIPP cell (HIlar Perforant Path-associated cell) is an interneuron in the Hippocampal formation. It is a long-spined multipolar cell that is conspicuous of distribution of copious, long and often branched spines over its cell body and dendrites. The axonal plexus can extend as much as 3.5mm along the septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus. Since inhibitory interneurons typically have aspiny dendrites and relatively local axonal plexuses, this long spined multipolar/HIPP cell is a very atypical interneuron". Dentate gyrus HIPP cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_IS-II_cell DG Interneruon-specific II cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_IS-II_cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other interneurons. The Dentate Gyrus IS-II class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II cells are present in all layers of Dentate gyrus. Dentate gyrus IS-II cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_IS-I_cell DG Interneuron-specific cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_IS-I_cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other interneurons. The Dentate gyrus IS-I class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Calretinin (CR) and establish multiple symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and somata of other CR-positive IS-I cells, Calbindin (CB) containing interneurons, and VIP-positive basket cells, but they do not innervate PV-containing interneurons. The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS I neurons appear in all layers of Dentate gyrus and more characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they form long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. Dentate gyrus IS-I cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_MOPP_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_MOPP_cell The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. Dentate gyrus MOPP cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_axo-axonic_cell DG Chandelier cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_axo-axonic_cell Dentate gyrus axo-axonic cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_basket_cell pyramidal basket cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_basket_cell Dentate gyrus basket cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell DG granule cell Dentate granule cell Dentate gyrus granule neuron Granule cell of dentate gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell The dentate gyrus granule cell is the only principal cell of the dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus granule cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell_layer DG granule cell layer DG stratum granulosum dentate gyrus principal cell layer dentate gyrus stratum granulosum granular layer of dentate gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell_layer Layer of the dentate gyrus characterized by dense packing of dentate gyrus granule cell bodies, lying deep to the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and superficial to the polymorphic (hilar) layer Dentate gyrus granule cell layer Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell_layer_inner_blade Enclosed blade of stratum granulare extrapyramidal blade dentate gyrus granule cell layer extrapyramidal blade of stratum granulare inner blade of dentate gyrus granule cell layer inner blade of stratum granulare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell_layer_inner_blade Dentate gyrus granule cell layer inner blade Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell_layer_outer_blade infrapyramidal blade dentate gyrus granule cell layer exposed blade of stratum granulare infrapyramidal blade of stratum granulare outer blade of dentate gyrus granule cell layer outer blade of stratum granulare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_granule_cell_layer_outer_blade Dentate gyrus granule cell layer outer blade Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_hilar_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_hilar_cell Dentate gyrus hilar cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer DG molecular layer Molecular layer of dentate gyrus dentate gyrus molecular layer dentate gyrus stratum moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer he molecular layer of the dentate gyrus that is bounded by the pial surface superficially and the dentate gyrus granule cell layer deep. It is divided into 2 or more sublayers. Dentate gyrus molecular layer Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer_inner DG inner stratum moleculare inner layer of dentate gyrus molecular layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer_inner Inner third of the dentate gyrus Dentate gyrus molecular layer inner Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer_middle DG middle stratum moleculare middle layer of dentate gyrus molecular layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer_middle Dentate gyrus molecular layer middle Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer_outer DG outer stratum moleculare outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_molecular_layer_outer Dentate gyrus molecular layer outer Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_mossy_cell Dentate gyrus mossy neuron Mossy cell Mossy neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_mossy_cell Excitatory polymorphic intrinsic neuron of the dentate gyrus hilus Dentate gyrus mossy cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_polymorphic_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_polymorphic_layer Dentate gyrus polymorphic layer Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_spiny_CR_cell DG Spiny CR-positive interneurons DG Spiny CR immunoreactive cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_spiny_CR_cell The DG spiny CR cells are present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. Dentate gyrus spiny CR cell Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_to_CA2_field Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Dentate gyrus to CA2 field Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_to_cornu_ammonis Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Dentate gyrus to cornu ammonis Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_gyrus_trilaminar_interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_trilaminar_interneuron Neuron with soma in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. The dendritic arbor orientation and axon collateral distribution of this neuron resembles most the trilaminar neuron 0f CA1 region. The axon collaterals extend logitudinally into strata radiatum, pyramidale and oriens, some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main branch entering the fimbria. The dendrites of these neurons run parallel with the pyramidal cell layer. Another special feature is these cells are calbindin-positive immunoreactive neurons. Dentate gyrus trilaminar interneuron Ontology1255357986125:Dentate_nucleus lateral cerebellar nucleus dentate cerebellar nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_nucleus Dentate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dentatothalamic_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentatothalamic_tract Dentatothalamic tract Ontology1255357986125:Diagonal_band diagonal band of Broca http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Diagonal_band A white fibre bundle descending in the precommissural septum toward the base of the forebrain, immediately rostral to the lamina terminalis; at the base, the bundle turns in the caudolateral direction; traveling through the ventral substantia innominata alongside the optic tract, it fades before reaching the amygdala. Diagonal band Ontology1255357986125:Diagonal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Diagonal_sulcus Sulcus observed in the frontal operculum in some, but not all, humans. Diagonal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Diencephalon DiE Interbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Diencephalon Part of the brain consisting of the paired caudal parts of the prosencephalon from which the Thalamus; Hypothalamus; Epithalamus; and Subthalamus are derived. Diencephalon Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_accessory_olive http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_accessory_olive Regional part of inferior olivary complex Dorsal accessory olive Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_acoustic_stria http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_acoustic_stria Dorsal acoustic stria Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_cap_of_Kooy http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_cap_of_Kooy Dorsal cap of Kooy Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus posterior cochlear nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus Dorsal cochlear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus_deep_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus_deep_layer Dorsal cochlear nucleus deep layer Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus_pyramidal_cell_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_cochlear_nucleus_pyramidal_cell_layer Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cell layer Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_commissure Dorsal commissure Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_cortex Dorsal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_external_arcuate_fiber_bundle dorsal external arcuate fibers dorsal superficial arcuate fibers external arcuate fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_external_arcuate_fiber_bundle Dorsal external arcuate fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_globus_pallidus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_globus_pallidus Dorsal globus pallidus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_hippocampus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_hippocampus Dorsal hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_hypothalamic_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_hypothalamic_area Dorsal hypothalamic area Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_lateral_geniculate_nucleus_to_primary_visual_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to primary visual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_lateral_geniculate_nucleus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_lateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_lateral_septum Dorsal lateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_hypothalamus dlfh http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_hypothalamus Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_medulla Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located in the medulla Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_midbrain Part of dorsal longitudinal fasciculus located in the midbrain tegmentum Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_pons Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus of pons Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_motor_nucleus_of_vagus_motor_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_motor_nucleus_of_vagus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, the principal parasympathetic nucleus of the brain. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_motor_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve dorsal vagal nucleus dorsal efferent nucleus of vagus dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nucleus alaris dorsal motor nucleus of X dorsal motor nucleus of vagus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_motor_nucleus_of_vagus_nerve Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus nucleus geniculatus lateralis pars dorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body Part of lateral geniculate nucleus that receives major input from the retina and has reciprocal connections with the primary visual cortex and the thalamic reticular nucleus. Dorsal nucleus of lateral geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_nucleus_of_lateral_lemniscus Dorsal nucleus of lateral lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex dorsal part medial geniculate complex medial geniculate nucleus nucleus corporis geniculati medialis nucleus geniculatus medialis fibrosus (Hassler) nucleus geniculatus medialis pars dorsalis pars dorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body Dorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_nucleus_of_trapezoid_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_nucleus_of_trapezoid_body Dorsal nucleus of trapezoid body Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_oculomotor_nucleus Dorsal oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_pons Dorsal pons Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_raphe_nucleus dorsal nucleus raphe Dorsal raphe dorsal nucleus raphé http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_raphe_nucleus Dorsal raphe nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_septal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_septal_nucleus Dorsal septal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_septum Dorsal septum Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_striatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_striatum Dorsal striatum Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_supraoptic_decussation Dorsal supraoptic decussation (of Ganser) Dorsal supraoptic decussation (of Meynert) commissure of Meynert http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_supraoptic_decussation Dorsal supraoptic decussation Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_tegmental_decussation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_tegmental_decussation Dorsal tegmental decussation Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus Dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus Dorsal tegmental nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_medium_cell Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_medium_cell Medium sized neuron located in the dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis characterized by an oval, oblong or round shaped cell soma, an irregularly shaped oblong nucleus with one or rarely two nucleoli and an indented nuclear envelope. The somatic surface is smooth with no smatic spines. any organelles are present in the cytoplasm, including well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum forming Nissl bodies. Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium cell Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_pars_dorsalis Dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden pars dorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_pars_dorsalis Part of dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by round, small cells that are lightly stained in Nissl preparations. Dorsal tegmental nucleus pars dorsalis Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_pars_ventralis Dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden pars ventralis pars ventralis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_pars_ventralis Cytoarchitectural part of the dorsal tegmental nucleus based on cell size. The pars ventralis is characterized by medium sized oval or triangular cells that stain darkly in NIssl stains. Dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_small_cell Dorsal tegmental nucleus small neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_tegmental_nucleus_small_cell Small neuron located in the pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by a spindle or oval shaped neuronal somata, an irregularly-shaped deeply indented nucleus with a prominent nucleolus surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm containing mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus (not well developed) and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These cells stain lightly in Nissl preparations. No somatic spines are observed on the cell soma. Dorsal tegmental nucleus small cell Ontology1255357986125:Dorsal_trigeminal_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsal_trigeminal_tract Dorsal trigeminal tract Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_pons Dorsolateral pons Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_pontine_tegmentum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_pontine_tegmentum Dorsolateral pontine tegmentum Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex Part of prefrontal cortex. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC or DLPFC), according to a more restricted definition, is roughly equivalent to Brodmann areas 9 and 46. According to a broader definition DL-PFC consists of the lateral portions of Brodmann areas 9 – 12, of areas 45, 46, and the superior part of area 47. These regions mainly receive their blood supply from the middle cerebral artery. With respect to neurotransmitter systems, there is evidence that dopamine plays a particularly important role in DL-PFC.DL-PFC is connected to the orbitofrontal cortex, and to a variety of brain areas, which include the thalamus, parts of the basal ganglia (the dorsal caudate nucleus), the hippocampus, and primary and secondary association areas of neocortex, including posterior temporal, parietal, and occipital areas check dorsolateral prefrontal neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_1 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_1 Most superficial layer of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC) Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_2 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_2 Layer 2 of neocortex lying just deep to superficial layer 1 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 2 Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_3 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_3 Layer 3 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lying deep to the layer 2 and cytoarchitectonically defined by numerous small pyramidal neurons. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 3 Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_4 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_4 Layer 4 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lying deep to the external pyramidal layer and cytoarchitectonically defined by presence of small cells. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 4 Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_5 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_5 Layer 5 of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lying deep to the internal granule cell layer 4 and cytoarchitectonically divisible into layers 5a and 5b. Layer 5a is characterized by the predominance of large pyramidal cell bodies. Layer 5b is pale in comparison Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 5 Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_6 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_prefrontal_cortex_layer_6 Innermost layer of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lying deep to the internal pyramidal cell layer 5. It is cytoarchitectonically defined in the DLPFC by cells of varying sizes. DLPFC layer 6a is characterized by more neurons and layer 6b has comparatively more glia. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex layer 6 Ontology1255357986125:Dorsolateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsolateral_septum Dorsolateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Dorsomedial_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsomedial_cortex Dorsomedial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Dorsomedial_nucleus_of_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dorsomedial_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Dysgranular_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dysgranular_cortex Dysgranular cortex Ontology1255357986125:EG_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:EG_neuron Interneuron that is part of a cluster of 10-12 eagle (FBgn0000560) expressing neurons deriving from multiple neuroblasts. Axons extend across the midline via the anterior commissure. EG neuron Ontology1255357986125:EW_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:EW_neuron Interneuron of embryonic / larval abdominal segments from the 7-3 lineage. EW neuron Ontology1255357986125:Electrotonic_synapse http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Electrotonic_Synapse Electrotonic synapses are gap junctions that allow the passage of ions directly from cell to cell. Electrotonic synapse Ontology1255357986125:Emboliform_nucleus anterior interpositus nucleus anterior interposed nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Emboliform_nucleus Emboliform nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex entorhinal area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface. The rostral and caudal boundaries of the entorhinal cortex are the rostral end of the collateral sulcus and the caudal end of the amygdala respectively. The medial boundary is the medial aspect of the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. Entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_1 entorhinal cortex layer I Entorhinal cortex molecular layer layer I of entorhinal cortex molecular layer of entorhinal cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_1 Layer of the entorhinal cortex that is most superficial, continuous with layer 1 of adjacent neocortex and the molecular layer of the subiculum, lying deep to the pial layer and superficial to layer 2. It is relatively acellular consisting mostly of fibers running transversely relative to the cortical surface (Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 474) Entorhinal cortex layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_2 entorhinal cortex layer II layer 2 of entorhinal cortex layer II of entorhinal cortex Layer of the entorhinal cortex lying superficial to layer 3 and deep to layer 1. It is characterized by medium-to large sized stellate cells that are grouped into prominent clusters, particularly in the rostral entorhinal cortex (Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 474) Entorhinal cortex layer 2 Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_2_cell_island entorhinal cortex layer II cell cluster cell island of entorhinal cortex cell island of entorhinal cortex layer II entorhinal cell island entorhinal cortex layer II cell island http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_2_cell_island Clumps of polygonal cells that stain darkly in Nissl preparations in layer 2 of entorhinal cortex Entorhinal cortex layer 2 cell island Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_2_stellate_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_2_stellate_neuron Entorhinal cortex layer 2 stellate neuron Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_3 Entorhinal cortex layer III layer 3 of entorhinal cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_3 Layer of the entorhinal cortex lying superficial to layer 4and deep to layer 2. It is characterized by cells of various sizes and shapes with a predominance of pyramidal cells (Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 474) Entorhinal cortex layer 3 Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_4 Entorhinal cortex layer IV lamina dessicans of entorhinal cortex layer 4 of entorhinal cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_4 Layer of entorhinal cortex lying superficial to layer 5 and deep to layer 3, that is relatively acellular. (Paxinos, The rat nervous system, Academic Press, 1995, pg 473-474). Entorhinal cortex layer 4 Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_5 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_5 Layer of entorhinal cortex lying superficial to layer 6 and deep to layer 4 characterized by large pyramidal neurons that are darkly stained in Nissl preparations (Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 474) Entorhinal cortex layer 5 Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_6 Layer 6 region of entorhinal cortex entorhinal cortex layer VI http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_layer_6 Layer of entorhinal cortex lying superficial to the cerebral white matter and deep to layer 5 characterized by cells of various shapes and sizes (Adapted from Paxinos, G. The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, Academic Press, San Diego, 1995, pg. 474) Entorhinal cortex layer 6 Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_pyramidal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Entorhinal_cortex_pyramidal_cell provides the major input into the dentate gyrus in a unidirectional perforant path Entorhinal cortex pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_cerebellum Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Entorhinal cortex to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_dentate_gyrus Heavy Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Entorhinal cortex to dentate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_fusiform_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to fusiform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_hippocampus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_isthmu_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to isthmu cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to lateral orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_parahippocampal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to parahippocampal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_retrosplenial_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Entorhinal cortex to retrosplenial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_subiculum Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Entorhinal cortex to subiculum Ontology1255357986125:Entorhinal_cortex_to_temporal_pole_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Entorhinal cortex to temporal pole cortex Ontology1255357986125:Ependymal_Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ependymal_Cell A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen (Cell Ontology)., An epithelial cell lining the walls of the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord that secret cerebral spinal fluid. (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Ependymal cell Ontology1255357986125:Ependymoglial_Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ependymoglial_Cell A type of nerve cell characterized by bipolar shape and endfeet that contact a basal lamina around blood vessels, and/or the pia mater or vitreous body of the eye and additionally contact the ventricular surface or sub-retinal space. (Reichenbach and Wolburg, 2nd edition, 2005) Ependymoglial cell Ontology1255357986125:Epithalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Epithalamus Most dorsal part of the thalamus, comprising the pineal gland and habenular nuclei in most vertebrates. In a few vertebrates, it also includes the parietal eye. Epithalamus Ontology1255357986125:Excitatory_ion_channel_synapse Excitatory Chemical Synapse Excitatory synapse http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/synapses.htm http://www.albany.edu/faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch.04feb10,psychopharmacology.html These synapses have neuroreceptors that are sodium channels. When the channels open, positive ions flow in, causing a local depolarisation and making an action potential more likely. Excitatory ion channel synapse Ontology1255357986125:External_capsule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:External_capsule Thin band of white matter that separates the medial aspect of the putamen from the lateral aspect of the globus pallidus external division External capsule Ontology1255357986125:External_lateral_parabrachial_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:External_lateral_parabrachial_nucleus External lateral parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:External_nucleus_of_inferior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:External_nucleus_of_inferior_colliculus External nucleus of inferior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Extreme_capsule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Extreme_capsule Thin band of fibers separating the claustrum from the insular cortex Extreme capsule Ontology1255357986125:Extrinsic_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Extrinsic_neuron An interneuron that extends projections between different neuropil domains. Extrinsic neuron Ontology1255357986125:Facial_nucleus Facial motor nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Facial_nucleus Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing motor neurons that innervate the muscles of the face. Some neurons that project to the cerebellum have also been identified in some species. Facial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Facial_nucleus_motor_neuron 7th nerve motor neuron VIIth nerve motor neuron facial nucleus motor cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Facial_nucleus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the facial nucleus. Facial nucleus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fasciculus A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle or nerve (American Heritage Dictionary 4th ed) Fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Fasciculus_retroflexus fasciculus retroflexus (Meynert) habenulo-interpeduncular tract habenulointerpeduncular fasciculus habenulointerpeduncular tract habenulopeduncular tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fasciculus_retroflexus White matter tract containing fibers projecting from the habenular nuclei to the interpeduncular nucleus Fasciculus retroflexus Ontology1255357986125:Fasciola_cinerea fasciolar gyrus gyrus fasciolaris http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fasciola_cinerea Fasciola cinerea Ontology1255357986125:Fasciolar_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fasciolar_gyrus Fasciolar gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Fastigial_nucleus medial cerebellar nucleus fastigial cerebellar nucleus medial (fastigial) nucleus nucleus fastigii http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fastigial_nucleus Fastigial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Fibrous_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fibrous_Astrocyte Astrocytes characterized by high content of intermediate filaments and few vellous processes; often found in white matter. Fibrous astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Field_H1_of_Forel field H1 Forel's field H1 thalamic fasiculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Field_H1_of_Forel Predominantly white matter structure in the subthalamus, corresponding to the thalamic fasiculus. Field H1 of Forel Ontology1255357986125:Fimbria_of_hippocampus fimbria fimbria of the fornix fimbria-fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fimbria_of_hippocampus Part of fornix lying closest to the hippocampal formation continuos with the alveus. Fimbria of hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Flocculonodular_lobe Archaeocerebellum Archeocerebellum archicerebellum vestibulocerebellum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Flocculonodular_lobe Flocculonodular lobe Ontology1255357986125:Flocculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Flocculus Flocculus Ontology1255357986125:Forebrain prosencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Forebrain The part of the brain developed from the most rostral of the three primary vesicles of the embryonic neural tube and consisting of the DIENCEPHALON and TELENCEPHALON. (MSH) * part of the brain developed from the most rostral of the three primary vesicles of the embryonic neural tube (brain) from which the diencephalon and telencephalon are derived; also called the forebrain. (CSP), The part of the brain developed from the most rostral of the three primary vesicles of the embryonic neural tube and consisting of the Diencephalon and Telencephalon. Forebrain Ontology1255357986125:Fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fornix White matter structure carrying axons connecting the hippocampal formation to other brain regions. It is typically divided into the columns (crus), body, commissure and the pre-commissural and post-commissural fornix (MM). Fornix Ontology1255357986125:Fourth_occipital_gyrus www.thehumanbrain.info Fourth occipital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Fourth_ventricle 4th ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fourth_ventricle Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large irregularly shaped cavity located on the midline of the rhombencephalon, between the medulla, pons and the isthmus ventrally and the cerebellum dorsally. It is continuous with the cerebral aqueduct anteriorally and the central canal of the spinal cord posteriorly. It communicates with the subarachnoid space through its lateral and median apertures. Fourth ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Frontal_cortex Anterior portion of the frontal cortex, lying anterior to the central sulcus in humans. It is bounded by the parietal cortex posteriorly and the temporal cortex laterally. Frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_lobe http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Frontal_lobe The anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. Frontal lobe Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_operculum inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Frontal_operculum Portion of frontal lobe that overlaps the insular cortex Frontal operculum Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_pole http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Frontal_pole Frontal pole Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_pole_cortex_to_lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Frontal pole cortex to lateral orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_pole_cortex_to_medial_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Frontal pole cortex to medial orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Frontal_pole_cortex_to_rostral_middle_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Frontal pole cortex to rostral middle frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fronto-orbital_gyrus orbitofrontal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fronto-orbital_gyrus Fronto-orbital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Fronto-orbital_sulcus fronto-orbital dimple orbito-frontal sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fronto-orbital_sulcus Fronto-orbital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Frontomarginal_gyrus fronto-marginal gyrus www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ The fronto-marginal gyrus is located just inferior to this sulcus and is continuous with the orbital gyri. Frontomarginal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_cerebellum Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_entorhinal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_hippocampus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_inferior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to inferior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_ligual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to ligual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_parahippocampal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to parahippocampal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_superior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to superior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_superior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to superior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_temporal_pole_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to temporal pole cortex Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_cortex_to_thalamus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Fusiform cortex to thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Fusiform_gyrus Gyrus fusiformis Gyrus occipitotemporalis lateralis lateral occipito-temporal gyrus lateral occipitotemporal gyrus occipitotemporal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Fusiform_gyrus Fusiform gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Genu_of_corpus_callosum Genu corporis callosi genu genu of corpus callosum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Genu_of_corpus_callosum Part of corpus callosum comprising the "kneelike" anterior bend Genu of corpus callosum Ontology1255357986125:Gigantocellular_nucleus_giant_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gigantocellular_nucleus_giant_neuron Gigantocellular nucleus giant neuron Ontology1255357986125:Gitter_cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Juxtavascular Gitter cells are the eventual result of microglial cell's phagocytosis of infectious material. Eventually, after engulfing a certain amount of material, the phagocytic microglia becomes unable to phagocytose any further materials. The resulting cellular mass is known as a granular corpuscle, named for its ‘grainy' appearance. By looking at tissues stained to reveal gitter cells, scientists can see post-infection areas that have healed Gitter cell Ontology1255357986125:Globose_nucleus Nucleus globosus posterior interposed nucleus posterior interpositus nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Globose_nucleus One of two nuclei comprising the interpositus cerebellar nuclear complex of the deep cerebellar nuclei. It is recognized in human cerebellum but is not distinguishable in all mammalian species. Globose nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Globus_pallidus Pale Body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Globus_pallidus Subcortical nucleus, functionally part of the basal ganglia, which consists of two segments the external (or lateral) and internal (or medial) separated by the medial medullary lamina in primates. In rodents, The globus pallidus lateral is separated from the medial segment by the fibers of the internal capsule/cerebral peduncle. Globus pallidus Ontology1255357986125:Globus_pallidus_external_segment lateral segment of globus pallidus external pallidum external part of globus pallidus lateral globus pallidus lateral pallidum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Globus_pallidus_external_segment The more lateral of the two segments of the globus pallidus, abutting the putamen in species which have both a caudate and putamen; the caudoputamen in other species. Globus pallidus external segment Ontology1255357986125:Globus_pallidus_internal_segment internal part of globus pallidus Internal pallidum globus pallidus internus medial segment of globus pallidus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Globus_pallidus_internal_segment The more medial segment of the globus pallidus. Globus pallidus internal segment Ontology1255357986125:Globus_pallidus_intrinsic_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Globus_pallidus_intrinsic_cell Globus pallidus intrinsic cell Ontology1255357986125:Globus_pallidus_principal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Globus_pallidus_principal_cell Large neuron of he globus pallidus, both internal and external segment, characterized by a large and fusiform or trangular cell soma with long, thick aspiny dendrites that may extend for over 1 mm. Globus pallidus principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Glossopharyngeal_nerve_fiber_bundle central part of glossopharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal nerve fibers ninth cranial nerve fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Glossopharyngeal_nerve_fiber_bundle Glossopharyngeal nerve fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Gracile_fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gracile_fasciculus Axon bundle arising largely from the dorsal root ganglia of the lower spinal cord, ascending in humans in the dorsal funiculus, synapsing within the nucleus gracilis of the lower medulla. Gracile fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Gracile_fasciculus_of_medulla gracile fascicle (Gall) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gracile_fasciculus_of_medulla Gracile fasciculus of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Gracile_nucleus Golls nucleus nucleus gracilis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gracile_nucleus Nucleus in the caudal medulla that receive projections primarily from ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion cells via the posterior column of the spinal cord Gracile nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Gracile_nucleus_to_ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Gracile nucleus to ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Gracilis_nucleus_intrinsic_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gracilis_nucleus_intrinsic_cell Gracilis nucleus intrinsic cell Ontology1255357986125:Gracilis_nucleus_principal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gracilis_nucleus_principal_cell Gracilis nucleus principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Granular_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Granular_cortex Granular cortex Ontology1255357986125:Granular_insula http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Granular_insula Granular insula Ontology1255357986125:Granular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex cerebellar granule cell layer granule cell layer of cerebellar cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Granular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex One of three cytoarchitectural layers of the cerebellar cortex, characterized by a high density of small granule cells, lying deep to the Purkinje cell layer and superficial to the cerebellar white matter. Granular layer of cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Gray_matter http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gray_matter Constitutional part of central nervous system characterized by high concentrations of cell bodies and/or processes, giving the structure a gray appearance in gross preparations. Gray matter Ontology1255357986125:Grid_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Grid_cell a neuron which fires when an animal is in any point of space which corresponds to a vertex of its triangular grid firing field. Grid cell Ontology1255357986125:Gyrus_rectus straight gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Gyrus_rectus The gyrus rectus or straight gyrus [G_rectus, 31] is at the junction between the medial and inferior aspects of the frontal lobe: it is located between the suborbital sulcus supero-medially, and the medial orbital sulcus laterally, the latter being extended on the reconstructed pial surface by a straight line joining its anterior tip to the frontal pole. Gyrus rectus Ontology1255357986125:Habenula habenular nuclei habenular nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Habenula Habenula Ontology1255357986125:Habenular_commissure commissura habenularum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Habenular_commissure Habenular commissure Ontology1255357986125:Habenulo-interpeduncular_tract_of_diencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Habenulo-interpeduncular_tract_of_diencephalon Habenulo-interpeduncular tract of diencephalon Ontology1255357986125:Habenulo-interpeduncular_tract_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Habenulo-interpeduncular_tract_of_midbrain Habenulo-interpeduncular tract of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Head_direction_cell Head-direction cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Head_direction_cell Neurons which fire when an animal's head is facing in a particular direction of horizontal plane, regardless of location, behavior or position of body. Head direction cell Ontology1255357986125:Head_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Head_of_caudate_nucleus Largest part of the caudate nucleus lying lateral to and protruding into the anterior of the lateral ventricle Head of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_II Alar Central Lobule Central Lobule (HII) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_II Hemispheric Lobule II Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_III Alar Central Lobule Central Lobule (HIII) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_III Hemispheric Lobule III Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_IV Culmen Lobule (HIV) Anterior Quadrangular Lobule Lobulus Anterior Lobulus Quadrangularis Anterior Quadrangular Lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_IV Hemispheric Lobule IV Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_IX Cerebellar Tonsil Paraflocculus Tonsil (HXI) Tonsilla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_IX Hemispheric Lobule IX Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_V Anterior Quadrangular Lobule Culmen Lobule (HV) Lobulus Anterior Lobulus Quadrangularis Anterior Quadrangular Lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_V Hemispheric Lobule V Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_VI Lobulus Quadrangularis Posterior Simple Lobule Simplex Lobule Lobulus Simplex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_VI Hemispheric Lobule VI Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_VIIBi Crus II of the Ansiform Lobule (HVII) Inferior Semilunar Lobule Lobulus Ansiform Crus II Lobulus Semilunaris Inferior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_VIIBi Hemispheric Lobule VIIBi Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_VIIBii Paramedian 1 (HVII) Gracile Lobule Lobulus Gracilis Lobulus Paramedianus Paramedian lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_VIIBii Hemispheric Lobule VIIBii Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_Lobule_X http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_Lobule_X Hemispheric Lobule X Ontology1255357986125:Hemispheric_lobule_VIII Biventer 1 (HVIII) Paraflocculus Dorsalis Biventral Lobule Lobulus Biventer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hemispheric_lobule_VIII Hemispheric lobule VIII Ontology1255357986125:Hilum_of_dentate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hilum_of_dentate_nucleus Hilum of dentate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Hilus_of_dentate_gyrus_to_CA3_field Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Hilus of dentate gyrus to CA3 field Ontology1255357986125:Hindbrain rhombencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hindbrain Part of the brainconstituting the MEDULLA OBLONGATA (myelencephalon) and PONS (metencephalon). (adapted from MSH) * part of the brain developed from the posterior of the three primary brain vesicles of the embryonic neural tube; it comprises the metencephalon (cerebellum and pons) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata). Hindbrain Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampal_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampal_commissure Commissure connecting the hippocampal formations Hippocampal commissure Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampal_formation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampal_formation A part of the brain consisting of a three layered cortex located in the forebrain bordering the medial surface of the lateral ventricle. The term hippocampal formation is often used synonymously with hippocampus which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subicular complex Hippocampal formation Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampal_mossy_fiber Dentate gyrus mossy fiber http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampal_mossy_fiber Axon of dentate gyrus granule cell projecting to hippocampal area CA3, characterized by expansions (mossy fiber expansions) giving the fibers a mossy appearance. These unmyelinated axons were first described by Ramon y Cajal. Hippocampal mossy fiber Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampal_mossy_fiber_expansion dentate gyrus granule cell axonal bouton dentate gyrus mossy fiber expansion mossy fiber expansion Synaptic expansion of hippocampal mossy fiber axon that makes contact with the thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cell dendrites Hippocampal mossy fiber expansion Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampal_rudiment http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampal_rudiment Gray matter structure in the telencephalon consisting of the induseum griseum dorsal to the corpus callosum and the taenia tecta rostra1 and ventral to it in rodents (Swanson and Kohler, 1986) and all or a portion of a composite structure that includes the supracallosal gyrus and the paraterminal gyrus in primates Hippocampal rudiment Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampal_sulcus Hippocampal fissure Sulcus hippocampi dentate fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampal_sulcus Hippocampal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus Ammon's horn Cornu ammonis ammon horn hippocampus proper http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus A part of the hippocampal formation consisting of a three layered cortex located in the forebrain bordered by the medial surface of the lateral ventricle, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. It has 3 subfields termed CA1, CA2 and CA3. The term hippocampus is often used synonymously with hippocampal formation which consists of the hippocampus proper or Cornu Ammonis, the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. Hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_IS-III_neuron CA1 IS-III cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_IS-III_neuron The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other interneurons. CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type III cells are VIP+, calretinin+ and terminals mGluR7a+. The soma is located mainly in stratum pyramidale and radiatum with radial dendrites crossing most layers (Acsady et al. 1996a,b). The axon innervates mainly O-LM cells (Acsady et al. 1996a; Ferraguti et al. 2004) and terminals express high level of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zone (Somogyi et al. 2003). Hippocampus CA1 IS-III neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_IS-I_neuron CA1 IS-I cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_IS-I_neuron The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other interneurons. The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) Type I cells is one of the many IS cell types from the CA1 region. The soma is located in stratum radiatum and pyramidale with dendrites spanning most layers and the axon innervating mainly calbindin positive and other calretinin positive cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of VIP by these cells is not known. Hippocampus CA1 IS-I neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_ivy_neuron CA1 ivy cell ivy cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_ivy_neuron Ivy cells are highly abundant GABAergic interneurons when compared to basket, bistratified, or axo-axonic cells. "Ivy" cells are named after their dense and fine axons innervating mostly basal and oblique pyramidal cell dendrites. They express nitric oxide synthase, neuropeptide Y, and high levels of GABAa receptor aplha1 subunit and they are also identified as slow-spiking interneurons that regulate the excitability of pyramidal cell dendrites through slowly rising and decaying GABAergic inputs. Hippocampus CA1 ivy neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_neurogliaform_neuron CA1 NG cells NG cells http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_neurogliaform_neuron CA1 neurogliaform neuron is a GABAergic interneuron, these cells are positive for NPY and co-express the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin-2. They are not positive for PV and VIP. Characteristically these neurons has a round cell body and short, non-spiny dendrites that were arranged in a stellate patterns around the cell body, spatially localized to the SLM, and often enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The axons are branched profusely close to soma occupying greater area than dendrites, like dendrites axons also tend to occupy mainly the SLM, often traveling fairly long distances along the SLM axis and mostly even entering the neighboring molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_oriens_lacunosum_moleculare_neuron CA1 O-LM interneuron CA1 Oriens Lacunosum Moleculare (O-LM) cell is a neuron, which is characterized as a non-pyramidal cell type and interneuron that is mostly immunoreactive to GABAergic markers with the soma and dendrites mainly located in the CA1 stratum oriens and alveus, and axons extend directly to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, ramifying there to form a dense plexus, forming symmetrical inhibitory synapses with the distal apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons while receiving excitatory input from CA1 recurrent collaterals in a disynaptic, feedback manner. Hippocampus CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_pyramidal_cell Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_pyramidal_cell Pyramidal neuron with a soma located in hippocampal area CA1. It receives input from Schaffer collaterals of CA3 pyramidal neurons, and sends its axon to the subiculum and entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_stratum_oriens_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_stratum_oriens_neuron CA1 stratum oriens neuron is a neuron, which is characterized as an interneuron by inhibiting pyramidal cells through the activation of GABAa (Traub et al., 1987a) with soma located in CA1 stratum orines and alveus, dendrites extending into all strata (Lacaille and williams, 1990) and axons covering a wide area in the transverse direction, projecting onto basal dendrites and soma of pyramidal cells and other interneurons (Lacaille et al., 1987) in the hippocampus. Hippocampus CA1 stratum oriens neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA1_trilaminar_neuron CA1 trilaminar cell The CA1 trilaminar neuron is a neuron that is characterized by its axon densely innervating three layers stratum oriens, pyramidale and radiatum (Sik et al. 1995) projecting to subiculum and possibly to other regions, while the soma and long horizontal dendrites are in stratum oriens with strong immunoreactivity for the m2 receptor in the somato-dendritic domain and intense presynaptic mGluR8a decoration. It must also be noted that the same name has been used for various other cells with axon in at least three laminae (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Pawelzik et al. 2002). However, for this particular cell class the axons project to subiculum and possibly to other brain areas as well. Hippocampus CA1 trilaminar neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA2_basket_cell_broad CA2 basket cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA2_basket_cell_broad The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells have significantly broader dendritic width, and axonal arbors than that of other types of CA2 basket cells or of CA1 basket cells. Hippocampus CA2 basket cell broad Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA2_basket_cell_narrow CA2 basket cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA2_basket_cell_narrow The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons in the CA2 region whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The narrow basket cells are narrow and both dendrites and axons are confined to the region of origin. Hippocampus CA2 basket cell narrow Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA2_bistratified_cell_broad CA2 bistratified cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA2_bistratified_cell_broad The CA2 bistratified cells have radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The broad CA2 bistratified cells have dendrites that extend horizontally into all three CA subfields. Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA2_bistratified_cell_narrow CA2 bistratified cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA2_bistratified_cell_narrow A type of neuron found in hippocampal area CA2 characterized by radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The narrow CA2 bistratified cell dendrites and axons are more confined within the CA2 region. Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell narrow Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA2_pyramidal_neuron CA2 pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA2_pyramidal_neuron CA2 pyramidal cells are the primary excitatory cells of CA2 region of the hippocampus. These cells have shorter dendrites when compared to CA1 pyramidal cells. The axons arbors into stratum radiatum, as well as into stratum oriens of CA1, CA2 and CA3 regions. The CA2 pyramids are innervated by schaffer collaterals in stratum oriens and stratum radiatum and by input from entorhinal cortex in stratum lacunosum moleculare. Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_IS-I_cell CA3 Interneuron-specific I cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_IS-I_cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other interneurons. CA3 IS-I neurons are visualized for CR and occur in all subfields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The CA3 IS-I cells has soma located in strata radiatum, oriens and pyramidale. The dendritic tree arborizes extensively in stratum radiatum but may also invade other layers. The characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. The main axons ramify in stratum radiatum, where they emit several collaterals that course in all directions. Hippocampus CA3 IS-I cell Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_axo-axonic_cell CA3 chandelier cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_axo-axonic_cell CA3 Chandelier cells of the hippocampus are very similar to those in the dentate gyrus. The cell bodies are located within or immediately adjacent to the pyramidal cell layer and possess radially oriented dendrites spanning all layers. According to the distribution of the dendritic tree, chandelier cells are in a position to receive excitatory input from all major sources of afferents in both the CA1 and CA3 subfields. Hippocampus CA3 axo-axonic cell Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_basket_cell CA3 pyramidal basket cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_basket_cell The CA3 basket cell is an interneuron located in hippocampus area CA3 characterized by a triangular or fusiform soma, with one to three dendrites extending from the cell soma. One of the three dendrites originate from the apical pole of soma, which then branch profusely, ascend through stratum radiatum, and often penetrate stratum lacunosum-moelculare. Primary basal dendrites are more numerous. They also branch close to soma and fan out toward the alveus, spanning the entire depth of stratum oriens. Hippocampus CA3 basket cell Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_lacunosum_moleculare_neuron CA3 LM interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_lacunosum_moleculare_neuron The CA3 Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum lacunosum-moleculare that receive converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. These LM neurons have dendrites that are oriented horizontally within the layer but occasionally have branches that extend into the pyramidal cell layer. The axon also takes a predominantly horizontal orientation and ramifies mainly in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare or superficial layer portion of the stratum radiatum. Hippocampus CA3 lacunosum moleculare neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_oriens_lacunosum_moleculare_neuron OLM cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_oriens_lacunosum_moleculare_neuron OLM cells (oriens/lacunosum-moleculare associated cell) has as its defining feature a dense axonal arbor that is confined to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (also known as cells terminating in conjunction with entorhinal afferents). In principle the cell body and dendritic trees are located in the zones occupied by recurrent pyramidal cell collaterals. In CA3 this includes all strata except the stratum oriens. Hippocampus CA3 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_pyramidal_cell CA3 pyramidal cell CA3 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_pyramidal_cell This is the major output neuron in area CA3 of the hippocampus. It receives input from mossy fibers of the dentate gyrus. Its axon projects to the contralateral hippocampus and subcortically to the septal nucleus, and sends axon collaterals called Shaffer collaterals to the nearby CA1 region. Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_pyramidal_cell_axon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_pyramidal_cell_axon The axon of a CA3 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell axon Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_pyramidal_cell_synaptic_bouton http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_pyramidal_cell_synaptic_bouton Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell synaptic bouton Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_radiatum_neuron CA3 R interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_radiatum_neuron The CA3 Radiatum (R) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum radiatum which receives converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. The dendritic tree of R interneurons typically extend between the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus and the stratum pyramidale of CA3. The axonal branches often extend beyond their layer of somatic residence into stratum lacunosum-moleculare or stratum pyramidale. Hippocampus CA3 radiatum neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hippocampus_CA3_spiny_CR_cell CA3 Spiny CR immunoreactive cell CA3 Spiny CR-positive interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA3_spiny_CR_cell The CA3 spiny CR cell is an interneuron in Hippocampus that is present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. Hippocampus CA3 spiny CR cell Ontology1255357986125:Horizontal_limb_of_the_diagonal_band Horizontal limb of the diagonal band of Broca diagonal band horizontal limb http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Horizontal_limb_of_the_diagonal_band Horizontal limb of the diagonal band Ontology1255357986125:Horizontal_ramus_of_the_anterior_segment_of_the_lateral_sulcus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ The horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus [Lat_Fis-ant-Horizont, 39] was nearly always connected to the superior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula that it continued anteriorly (R: 12/12; L: 11/12). Horizontal ramus of the anterior segment of the lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Hypoglossal_nerve_fiber_bundle central part of hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerve fibers root of hypoglossal nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypoglossal_nerve_fiber_bundle Hypoglossal nerve fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Hypoglossal_nucleus hypoglossal nerve nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypoglossal_nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Hypoglossal_nucleus_GABA_neuron hypoglossal GABA neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypoglossal_nucleus_GABA_neuron Neuron in hypoglossal nucleus characterized by a small spindle shaped or fusiform soma Hypoglossal nucleus GABA neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hypoglossal_nucleus_motor_neuron XII nerve motor neuron 12th nerve motor neuron hypoglossal motoneuron hypoglossal motor neuron hypoglossal nucleus motoneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypoglossal_nucleus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose soma lies in the hypoglossal nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hypophysis Pituitary Pituitary gland http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypophysis Hypophysis Ontology1255357986125:Hypothalamus Ventral part of the diencephalon extending from the region of the optic chiasm to the caudal border of the mammillary bodies and forming the inferior and lateral walls of the third ventricle. Hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Hypothalamus_oxytocin_neuroendocrine_magnocellular_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypothalamus_oxytocin_neuroendocrine_magnocellular_cell Hypothalamus oxytocin neuroendocrine magnocellular cell Ontology1255357986125:Hypothalamus_oxytocin_releasing_neuroendocrine_magnocellular_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypothalamus_oxytocin_releasing_neuroendocrine_magnocellular_neuron Hypothalamus oxytocin releasing neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron Ontology1255357986125:Hypothalamus_vasopressin_neuroendocrine_magnocellular_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hypothalamus_vasopressin_neuroendocrine_magnocellular_neuron Hypothalamus vasopressin neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron Ontology1255357986125:Induseum_griseum dorsal hippocampal continuation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Induseum_griseum Thin layer of cortex lying on the dorsal surface of the corpus callosum. It has been debated whether it is more related to the hippocampus or the olfactory bulb Induseum griseum Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_antennal_lobe_commissure iALC http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_antennal_lobe_commissure Inferior antennal lobe commissure Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_central_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_central_nucleus Inferior central nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle restiform body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_cerebellar_peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_circular_sulcus_of_insula www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ obliquely limiting the insula from the superior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus Inferior circular sulcus of insula Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_colliculus Part of the midbrain tectum, consisting of paired predominantly gray matter elevations on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain, located caudal to the superior colliculus, dorsal to the periaqueductal gray of the cerebral aqueduct and rostral to the cerebellum. According to Neuronames, the inferior colliculus comprises the central, pericentral and external nucleus and two predominantly white matter structures, the brachium of the inferior colliculus and the commissure of the inferior colliculus Inferior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_frontal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_frontal_gyrus The inferior frontal gyrus (or F3) is located between the circular sulcus of the insula, and the inferior frontal sulcus continued by the lateral orbital sulcus. Inferior frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_frontal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_frontal_sulcus The inferior frontal sulcus [S_front_inf, 52] is connected to the inferior part of the precentral sulcus and runs parallel to the superior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula. Inferior frontal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_horn_of_the_lateral_ventricle temporal horn of lateral ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_horn_of_the_lateral_ventricle The part of the lateral ventricle extending downward and anteriorly in the temporal lobe. Inferior horn of the lateral ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_occipital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_occipital_gyrus Inferior occipital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_olivary_complex Inferior olive http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_olivary_complex Inferior olivary complex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_olivary_nucleus_interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_olivary_nucleus_interneuron Inferior olivary nucleus interneuron Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_olivary_nucleus_principal_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_olivary_nucleus_principal_neuron Inferior olivary nucleus principal neuron Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex inferior parietal lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_parietal_cortex Inferior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior parietal cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior parietal cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex_to_middle_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior parietal cortex to middle temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior parietal cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex_to_superior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior parietal cortex to superior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_parietal_cortex_to_supramarginal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior parietal cortex to supramarginal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_precentral_sulcus Sulcus precentralis inferior inferior part of precentral fissure Sulcus praecentralis inferior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_precentral_sulcus Inferior precentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_pulvinar_nucleus nucleus pulvinaris inferior thalami nucleus pulvinar pars inferior nucleus pulvinaris inferior nucleus pulvinaris thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_pulvinar_nucleus One of four subdivisions recognized in the primate pulvinar based on initially on topography, located ventrally between the medial and lateral geniculate bodies. Inferior pulvinar nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_ramus_of_arcuate_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_ramus_of_arcuate_sulcus Inferior ramus of arcuate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_rostral_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_rostral_gyrus Inferior rostral gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_rostral_sulcus Sulcus rostralis inferior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_rostral_sulcus Inferior rostral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_salivatory_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_salivatory_nucleus Inferior salivatory nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_fusiform_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to fusiform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_inferior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to inferior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_middle_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to middle temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_parahippocampal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to parahippocampal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_precentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_cortex_to_temporal_pole_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Inferior temporal cortex to temporal pole cortex Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_gyrus gyrus temporalis inferior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_temporal_gyrus Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the inferior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is designated as the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The occipitotemporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary Inferior temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_temporal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_temporal_sulcus Inferior temporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Inferior_transverse_frontopolar_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_transverse_frontopolar_gyrus Inferior transverse frontopolar gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Infracerebellar_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Infracerebellar_nucleus Infracerebellar nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Infundibular_stem Infundibulum of posterior lobe of pituitary gland Infundibular stem of neurohypophysis infundibulum Infundibular stalk hypophyseal Infundibulum Infundibular stem Ontology1255357986125:Inhibitory_ion_channel_synapse Inhibitory synapse http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/synapses.htm http://www.albany.edu/faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch.04feb10,psychopharmacology.html These synapses have neuroreceptors that are chloride channels. When the channels open, negative ions flow in causing a local hyperpolarisation and making an action potential less likely. So with these synapses an impulse in one neurone can inhibit an impulse in the next. Typical neurotransmitters are glycine or GABA. Inhibitory ion channel synapse Ontology1255357986125:Inner_granular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inner_granular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex Inner granular layer of cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insua_cortex_to_superior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insua cortex to superior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula Lobus insular central lobe insular gyrus insular lobe insular region insulary cortex island of Reil http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Insula Gray matter of the insular region of the neocortex. In gyrencephalic animals, it is part of the insular lobe and lies in the depths of the lateral fissure and covered by portions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It includes Brodmann areas 13-16. Insula Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to lateral orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_pars_triangularis_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to pars triangularis cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_parsopercularis_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to parsopercularis cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_pericalcarine_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to pericalcarine cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_postcentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to postcentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_precentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_putamen Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to putamen Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_rostral_middle_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to rostral middle frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_superior_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to superior frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_supramarginal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to supramarginal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insula_cortex_to_transverse_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Insula cortex to transverse temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Insular_gyrus www.thehumanbrain.info Insular gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Insular_lobe http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Insular_lobe Part of cerebral hemisphere buried within the folds of the frontal, parietal, and temporal opercula Insular lobe Ontology1255357986125:Intercalated_amygdaloid_nuclei Massa intercalata Massa intercalata of amygdala intercalated masses of nucleus amygdaloideus intercalated nuclei of amygdala intercalated nucleus of the amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intercalated_amygdaloid_nuclei Discrete clusters of cells intercalated among the major amygdaloid nuclei. They stain darkly in Nissl stains and have been identified in all mammals. The main groups lie between the lateral-basolateral nuclear coplex and the central and medial nuclei. Additional cell groups have been described by some in other locations (Millhouse, O. E. The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J Comp Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986)., Groups of cells located between the lateral basolateral amygaloid nuclear complex and the central nucleus of the amygdala. They stain darkly in Nissl stains and have been identified in all mammals. (Millhouse, O. E. The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J Comp Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986) Intercalated amygdaloid nuclei Ontology1255357986125:Interfascicular_Oligodendrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interfascicular_Oligodendrocyte White matter oligodendrocytes that may be aligned in rows (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Interfascicular oligodendrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Intergeniculate_leaflet_of_the_lateral_geniculate_complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intergeniculate_leaflet_of_the_lateral_geniculate_complex Intergeniculate leaflet of the lateral geniculate complex Ontology1255357986125:Interlaminar_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interlaminar_Astrocyte Glial cell type unique to primates which extend long processes throughout cortical lamina forming pallisades. Interlaminar astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Intermediate_acoustic_stria commissure of Held intermediate acoustic stria (Held) intermediate acoustic stria of Held http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_acoustic_stria Intermediate acoustic stria Ontology1255357986125:Intermediate_hypothalamic_region http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_hypothalamic_region Intermediate hypothalamic region Ontology1255357986125:Intermediate_lateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_lateral_septum Intermediate lateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Intermediate_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_oculomotor_nucleus Intermediate oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Intermediate_orbital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_orbital_gyrus Intermediate orbital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Intermediate_periventricular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_periventricular_nucleus Intermediate periventricular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Internal_arcuate_fiber_bundle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Internal_arcuate_fiber_bundle Internal arcuate fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Internal_capsule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Internal_capsule White matter regional part of brain which is flanked by nuclear masses, consisting of both afferent and efferent fibers projecting between the cerebral cortex and the brainstem and spinal cord. It consists of three distinct parts: an anterior limb, posterior limb, and genu. Internal capsule Ontology1255357986125:Internal_medullary_lamina_of_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Internal_medullary_lamina_of_thalamus Predominantly white regional part of thalamus consisting of a Y shaped bundle of fibers that runs the anterior-posterior length of thalamus and divides the thalamus into roughly three regions Internal medullary lamina of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Interpeduncular_nucleus nucleus interpeduncularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interpeduncular_nucleus Interpeduncular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Interpolar_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interpolar_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus Interpolar part of spinal trigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Interposed_nucleus_of_cerebellum_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Interposed nucleus of cerebellum to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Interposed_nucleus_of_cerebellum_to_ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Interposed nucleus of cerebellum to ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Interpositus_Nucleus interposed cerebellar nuclei interposed nucleus interposed nucleus of the cerebellum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interpositus_Nucleus Interpositus Nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Interstitial_nucleus_of_Cajal http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interstitial_nucleus_of_Cajal Interstitial nucleus of Cajal Ontology1255357986125:Interstitial_nucleus_of_the_posterior_limb_of_the_anterior_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interstitial_nucleus_of_the_posterior_limb_of_the_anterior_commissure A group of cells extending caudally with the posterior part of anterior commissure ventral to the striatum in the mouse (Paxinos-2001) and the primate (Fudge-2009) (from Braininfo.org) Interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure Ontology1255357986125:Interthalamic_adhesion massa intermedia http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Interthalamic_adhesion Median gray matter mass that connects the two thalami; present in a large percentage of humans Interthalamic adhesion Ontology1255357986125:Intralaminar_nuclear_group intralaminar nuclei of thalamus intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus intralaminar thalamic nuclei nonspecific thalamic system nuclei intralaminares (thalami) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intralaminar_nuclear_group Intralaminar nuclear group Ontology1255357986125:Intraparietal_sulcus interparietal fissure Sulcus interparietalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intraparietal_sulcus Intraparietal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Isla_magna_of_Calleja Large island of Calleja insula magna http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Isla_magna_of_Calleja Regional part of telencephalon; the most prominent of the islands of Calleja located medially in the nucleus accumbens (adapted from Braininfo.org). Isla magna of Calleja Ontology1255357986125:Islands_of_Calleja Islets of Calleja http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Calleja Small clusters of granule cells located in the olfactory tubercle and also within the Island of Calleja magna that lies between the septum and the nucleus accumbens Islands of Calleja Ontology1255357986125:Islands_of_Calleja_of_olfactory_tubercle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Islands_of_Calleja_of_olfactory_tubercle Part of olfactory tubercle defined by dense aggregations of granule cells Islands of Calleja of olfactory tubercle Ontology1255357986125:Isthmus_of_cingulate_gyrus cingulo-parahippocampal isthmus isthmus of cingulate cortex isthmus of the gyrus fornicatus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Isthmus_of_cingulate_gyrus Component of the cingulate cortex comprising the region linking the posterior cingulate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus. The rostral and caudal boundaries were the posterior division of the cingulate cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the medial wall (area unknown) and the precuneus respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). Isthmus of cingulate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Juxtarestiform_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Juxtarestiform_body Fibers interconnecting the cerebellum and vestibular nuclei, traveling medial to the restiform body (inferior cerebellar peduncle) (Nolte, The Human Brain, 6th ed., pg 497) Juxtarestiform body Ontology1255357986125:Juxtavascular_cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Juxtavascular Like perivascular microglia, juxtavascular microglia can be distinguished mainly by their location. Juxtavascular microglia are found making direct contact with the basal lamina wall of blood vessels but are not found within the walls. Like perivascular cells, they express MHC class II proteins even at low levels of inflammatory cytokine activity. Unlike perivascular cells, but similar to resident microglia, juxtavascular microglia do not exhibit rapid turnover or replacement with myeloid precursor cells on a regular basis.[ Juxtavascular cell Ontology1255357986125:Kolliker-Fuse_nucleus diffuse reticular nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Kolliker-Fuse_nucleus Kolliker-Fuse nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lamina_dissecans_of_entorhinal_cortex lamina dissecans layer IV of entorhinal cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lamina_dissecans_of_entorhinal_cortex Acellular layer of entorhinal cortex, usually identified as layer IV in some nomenclatures (Paxinos, The rat nervous system, Academic Press, 1995, pg 473-474). Lamina dissecans of entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lamina_of_septum_pellucidum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lamina_of_septum_pellucidum Lamina of septum pellucidum Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_amygdaloid_nucleus lateral nucleus of amygdala lateral principal nucleus of amygdala medial principal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_amygdaloid_nucleus The sensory interface of the amygdala where plasticity is mediated Lateral amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_central_nucleus_of_the_amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_central_nucleus_of_the_amygdala Lateral central nucleus of the amygdala Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_cortex Lateral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_corticospinal_tract lateral pyramidal tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_corticospinal_tract Part of the corticospinal tract located in the spinal cord, formed as 75 to 90% of the corticospinal fibers cross to the opposite side of the brainstem in the pyramidal decussation. This tract descends the length of the spinal cord in the lateral white column Lateral corticospinal tract Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_dorsal_nucleus nucleus lateralis dorsalis thalami lateral dorsal nucleus of thalamus lateral dorsal thalamic nucleus laterodorsal nucleus laterodorsal nucleus nucleus of thalamus laterodorsal nucleus thalamic nucleus nucleus dorsalis superficialis (Hassler) nucleus dorsolateralis thalami nucleus lateralis dorsalis nucleus lateralis dorsalis of thalamus nucleus lateralis thalami dorsalis superficial part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_dorsal_nucleus Lateral dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_eminence_of_hypophysis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_eminence_of_hypophysis Lateral eminence of hypophysis Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_entorhinal_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_entorhinal_area Lateral entorhinal area Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_geniculate_body_to_middle_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral geniculate body to middle temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_geniculate_body_to_visual_area_1 Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral geniculate body to visual area 1 Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_geniculate_nucleus lateral geniculate nucleus corpus geniculatum laterales lateral geniculate lateral geniculate body lateral geniculate complex nucleus geniculatus lateralis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_geniculate_nucleus Lateral geniculate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_habenular_nucleus lateral habenula nucleus habenulae lateralis nucleus habenularis lateralis nucleus habenularis lateralis epithalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_habenular_nucleus Lateral habenular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_hypothalamic_area Lateral hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_hypothalamic_area Lateral hypothalamic area Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_hypothalamic_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_hypothalamic_nucleus Lateral hypothalamic nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_hypothalamic_region http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_hypothalamic_region Lateral hypothalamic region Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_inferior_limiting_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_inferior_limiting_sulcus Lateral inferior limiting sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_lemniscus_%28birnlex_976%29 A fiber bundle that runs through the medulla, pons and midbrain that arises in the cochlear nucleus and projects to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. The brainstem nuclei include the superior olive, the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body, and the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Fibers leaving these brainstem nuclei ascending to the inferior colliculus rejoin the lateral lemniscus. In that sense, this is not a 'lemniscus' in the true sense of the word (second order, decussated sensory axons), as there is third (and out of the lateral superior olive, fourth) order information coming out of some of these brainstem nuclei. Adapted from Wikipedia.org Lateral lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_mamillary_nucleus_to_anterodorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Lateral mamillary nucleus to anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_mammillary_nucleus Lateral mammillary hypothalamic nucleus lateral mamillary nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_mammillary_nucleus Lateral mammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_medullary_lamina medulary lamina of pallidum external medulary lamina of globus pallidus external medulary lamina of lentiform nucleus external medullary lamina lateral medulary lamina of globus pallidus lateral medulary stria outer medulary lamina http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_medullary_lamina Thin band of myelinated fibers lying on the lateral (external) surface of the globus pallidus, external segment, separating it from the putamen. Lateral medullary lamina Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_nuclear_group lateral group of the dorsal thalamus lateral nuclear group lateral nucleus of thalamus lateral thalamic nucleus nuclei laterales thalami nucleus lateralis thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_nuclear_group Lateral nuclear group Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_nucleus_of_cerebellum_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Lateral nucleus of cerebellum to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_nucleus_of_cerebellum_to_ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Lateral nucleus of cerebellum to ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_nucleus_of_stria_terminalis Lateral bed nucleus of stria terminalis Lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_nucleus_of_stria_terminalis Lateral nucleus of stria terminalis Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex lateral occipital gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_occipital_cortex Lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_fusiform_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to fusiform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_inferior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to inferior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_inferior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to inferior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_middle_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to middle temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_cortex_to_superior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral occipital cortex to superior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_occipital_gyrus www.thehumanbrain.info Lateral occipital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_olfactory_tract Tractus olfactorius lateralis lateral olfactory stria lateral olfactory tract olfactory tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_olfactory_tract White matter tract that contains projections from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex Lateral olfactory tract Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbital_frontal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_orbital_frontal_cortex Lateral orbital frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_orbital_gyrus Lateral orbital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbital_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_orbital_sulcus Lateral orbital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_entorhinal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral orbitofrontal cortex to entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_medial_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral orbitofrontal cortex to medial orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_rostral_middle_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral orbitofrontal cortex to rostral middle frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_superior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral orbitofrontal cortex to superior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_temporal_pole_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lateral orbitofrontal cortex to temporal pole cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_parabrachial_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_parabrachial_nucleus Lateral parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus Nucleus located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. The PGL was originally identified by cytoarchitectural criteria in the human medulla (Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). In humans, the PGL is located in the ventrolateral quadrant of the rostral medullary tegmentum between the nucleus subtrigeminalis caudally, trapezoid body and the superior olive rostrally, nucleus gigantocellularis medially, spinothalamic tract fibers laterally, inferior olive ventrally, and the nucleus ambiguous dorsally (Olszewski and Baxter, 1954). In the rat, the PGL has been further subdivided into retrofacial PGL (caudal to the facial nucleus), and more rostrally located juxtafacial PGL (medial to the facial nucleus), based upon different connectivity. Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_arcuate_nucleus_of_the_medulla Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to arcuate nucleus of the medulla Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_central_tegmental_tract Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to central tegmental tract Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_cochlear_nuclear_complex Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to cochlear nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_intermediate_reticular_zone Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to intermediate reticular zone Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_kolliker-fuse_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to kolliker-fuse nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_lateral_parabrachial_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to lateral parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_medial_lemniscus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to medial lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_medial_parabrachial_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to medial parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_nucleus_ambiguus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to nucleus ambiguus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_nucleus_raphe_obscurus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to nucleus raphe obscurus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_nucleus_raphe_pallidus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to nucleus raphe pallidus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_red_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to red nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_vestibular_nuclear_complex Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to vestibular nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_paragigantocellular_nucleus_to_vestibulocochlear_nerve Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Lateral paragigantocellular nucleus to vestibulocochlear nerve Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_part_of_basal_amygdaloid_nucleus lateral basal nucleus of amygdala lateral division of basal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_part_of_basal_amygdaloid_nucleus Lateral part of basal amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_part_of_medial_mammillary_nucleus intercalated mammillary nucleus lateral subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus intermediate mammillary nucleus lateral mammillary nucleus (Gagel) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_part_of_medial_mammillary_nucleus Lateral part of medial mammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_part_of_the_anterior_interposed_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_part_of_the_anterior_interposed_nucleus Lateral part of the anterior interposed nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_part_of_the_parafascicular_thalamic_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_part_of_the_parafascicular_thalamic_nucleus Lateral region of the parafascicular nucleus Lateral part of the parafascicular thalamic nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_pericuneate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_pericuneate_nucleus Lateral pericuneate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_pes_lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_pes_lemniscus Lateral pes lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_posterior_nucleus lateral posterior nucleus of thalamus caudal part lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus lateral posterior thalamic nucleus laterodorsal nucleus nucleus dorso-caudalis nucleus dorsocaudalis (Hassler) nucleus lateralis posterior nucleus lateralis posterior thalami nucleus lateralis thalami posterior posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_posterior_nucleus Lateral posterior nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_pulvinar_nucleus lateral pulvinar nucleus of thalamus nucleus pulvinaris lateralis nucleus pulvinaris lateralis (Hassler) nucleus pulvinaris lateralis thalami nucleus pulvinaris thalami pars lateralis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_pulvinar_nucleus Lateral pulvinar nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_reticular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_reticular_nucleus Lateral reticular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_septal_nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_septal_nuclei Lateral septal nuclei Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_septal_nucleus Lateral septum lateral parolfactory nucleus lateral septal nucleus (Cajal) lateral septum nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_septal_nucleus Regional part of the septal nuclei, lying dorsal and slightly lateral to the medial septal nucleus. The lateral septum receives the bulk of projections of areas projecting to the septal nuclei Lateral septal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_septum Lateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_substantia_nigra_pars_compacta http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_substantia_nigra_pars_compacta Lateral substantia nigra pars compacta Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_sulcus Fissura lateralis Fissura lateralis cerebri Fissura lateralis cerebri (Sylvii) Sulcus lateralis Sylvian fissure lateral fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_sulcus The lateral sulcus or fissure results from the juxtaposition of fronto-parietal and temporal opercula, and is classically divided in anterior, middle and posterior segments Lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_superior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_superior_colliculus Lateral superior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_superior_olivary_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_superior_olivary_nucleus One of two recognized nuclei comprising the superior olive. The lateral superior olivary nucleus is much less prominent in humans than in many rodents and carnivores. In the latter species, it is frequently described as S- or V-shaped Lateral superior olivary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_tegmentum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_tegmentum Lateral tegmentum Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_thalamus Lateral thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_tuberal_nuclear_complex Lateral tuberal hypothalamic nuclei Lateral tuberal nuclei Lateral tuberal nucleus Lateral tuberal nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_ventricle Part of the ventricular system of the brain in each of the cerebral hemispheres. The lateral ventricle in each hemisphere is separated from the other by the septum and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, In species, particularly those with well developed cortex, the lateral ventrical may be subdivided into anterior, posterior and temporal horns and a body Lateral ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus Nucleus vestibularis lateralis Deiter's nucleus lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiters) nucleus of Deiters http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_vestibular_nucleus Lateral vestibular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus lateral dorsal tegmental nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Laterodorsal_tegmental_nucleus Laterodorsal tegmental nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lemniscus Lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Lenticular_fasciculus Field H2 of Forel Forel's field H2 field H2 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lenticular_fasciculus Lenticular fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Libe_of_cerebral_cortex cerebral lobes lobes of the brain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lobe_of_cerebral_cortex Divisions of the cerebral cortex from gross anatomical observation based on the locations of major sulci and fissures in gyrencephalic animals, including both the gray matter and underlying white matter. From 4-6 lobes have been defined. Lobe of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Limbic_lobe limbic gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Limbic_lobe Part of cerebral hemisphere located on the medial surface, forming a ring around the brain stem Limbic lobe Ontology1255357986125:Limen_of_insula Gyrus ambiens Limen insulae angulus gyri olfactorii lateralis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Limen_of_insula The anterior basal part of the insular cortex, which separates the lateral surface of the insula from the anterior perforated substance. Limen of insula Ontology1255357986125:Limitans_nucleus limitans thalamic nucleus nucleus limitans nucleus limitans opticus (Hassler) nucleus limitans thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Limitans_nucleus Limitans nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Linear_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Linear_nucleus Linear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Linguag_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_cortex_to_cerebellum Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_cortex_to_cuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to cuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_cortex_to_fusiform_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to fusiform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_cortex_to_parahippocampal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to parahippocampal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_cortex_to_pericalcarine_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Lingual cortex to pericalcarine cortex Ontology1255357986125:Lingual_gyrus lingula of cerebral hemisphere medial occipitotemporal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lingual_gyrus Lingual gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Locus_ceruleus Locus coeruleus Locus caeruleus Nucleus Pigmentosus Pontis Substantia ferruginea blue nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Locus_ceruleus Locus ceruleus Ontology1255357986125:Locus_coeruleus_NA_neuron Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Locus_coeruleus_NA_neuron Locus coeruleus NA neuron Ontology1255357986125:Long_insular_gyrus long insular gyri www.thehumanbrain.info Long insular gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Longitudinal_fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Longitudinal_fissure medial longitudinal fissure, Fissura longitudinalis cerebrales, Fissura longitudinalis magna, Fissura longitudinalis cerebri, sagittal fissure, Fissura interhemispherica, longitudinal fissure of hemisphere, hemispheric sulcus, Interhemispheric fissure, Longitudinal Fissure of the Cerebrum, longitudinal sulcus, Longitudinal cerebral fissure Longitudinal fissure Ontology1255357986125:Longitudinal_pontine_fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Longitudinal_pontine_fibers Longitudinal pontine fibers Ontology1255357986125:Lower_bank_of_the_intraparietal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lower_bank_of_the_intraparietal_sulcus Lower bank of the intraparietal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Lunate_sulcus Sulcus lunatus Sulcus simialis lunate fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lunate_sulcus Lunate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Macroglia macroglial cell http://www.copewithcytokines.de/cope.cgi?key=macroglial%20cells This term pertains to two cell types in the nervous system that are not neuronal cells and are classified as glial cells. It collectively refers to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, to distinguish them from the morphologically smaller microglial cells. Macroglia Ontology1255357986125:Macular_synapse http://brainbits.tiddlyspace.com/macular%20synapse Synapses whose shape relatively convex and compact, in particular they do no show holes or regions of cell membrane devoid of the synaptic specializations. Macular synapse Ontology1255357986125:Magnocellular_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body magnocelluar nucleus of medial geniculate complex corpus geniculatus mediale medial division of medial geniculate body medial geniculate complex medial geniculate nucleus medial nucleus of medial geniculate body medial part nucleus corporis geniculati medialis nucleus geniculatus medialis nucleus geniculatus medialis magnocelluaris (Hassler) pars magnocelluaris http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Magnocellular_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body Magnocellular nucleus of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Magnocellular_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus dorsomedial thalamic nucleus magnocellular mediodorsal nucleus magnocellular part magnocellular part of mediodorsal nucleus nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus medialis fibrosus nucleus medialis fibrosus (Hassler) pars magnocellularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Magnocellular_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus Magnocellular part of medial dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Magnocellular_part_of_red_nucleus magnocellular red nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Magnocellular_part_of_red_nucleus Magnocellular part of red nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Magnocellular_part_of_ventral_anterior_nucleus magnocellular part magnocellular ventral anterior nucleus nucleus lateropolaris (magnocellularis) nucleus rostralis lateralis situs perifascicularis nucleus thalamicus ventral anterior nucleus ventralis anterior pars magnocellularis ventral anterior thalamic nucleus ventroanterior thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Magnocellular_part_of_ventral_anterior_nucleus Magnocellular part of ventral anterior nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Mammillary_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mammillary_body One of two hemispherical bulges on the base of the posterior hypothalamus (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 455). Mammillary body Ontology1255357986125:Mammillary_peduncle Peduncle of mammillary body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mammillary_peduncle White matter bundle in the posterior hypothalamus containing ascending afferent fibers to the mammillary bodies from the ventral and dorsal tegmental nuclei. Mammillary peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Mammillary_princeps_fasciculus Principal mammillary tract, Principal mammillary fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mammillary_princeps_fasciculus Mammillary princeps fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Mammillotegmental_fasciculus ammillotegmental tract of hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mammillotegmental_fasciculus Tract arising in the mammillary body connecting to the dorsal and ventral tegmental nuclei Mammillotegmental fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Mammillothalamic_tract mammillo-thalamic tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mammillothalamic_tract A fiber pathway that originates from neurons in the posterior hypothalamic region and projects to various nuclei of the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus. It is a composite structure that consists of the mammillothalamic tract of the hypothalamus and the mammillothalamic tract of the thalamus Mammillothalamic tract Ontology1255357986125:Mammillothalamic_tract_of_hypothalamus Mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mammillothalamic_tract_of_hypothalamus Part of mammillothalamic tract contained within the hypothalamus Mammillothalamic tract of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Marginal_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Marginal_Astrocyte Astrocytes lying close to the pia mater that may form several layers of endfeet. They also extend several smooth long processes into the neuropil. They are located on the borders between neuronal and non-neuronal tissue Marginal astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Matrix_compartment_of_putamen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Matrix_compartment_of_putamen Matrix compartment of putamen Ontology1255357986125:Matrix_part_of_body_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Matrix_part_of_body_of_caudate_nucleus Matrix part of body of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Matrix_part_of_head_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Matrix_part_of_head_of_caudate_nucleus Matrix compartment located in the head of the caudate nucleus Matrix part of head of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Matrix_part_of_tail_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Matrix_part_of_tail_of_caudate_nucleus Matrix compartment located in the tail of the caudate nucleus Matrix part of tail of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Mauthner_cell M-cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mauthner_cell Giant reticulospinal neuron found in brainstem of most teleosts Mauthner cell Ontology1255357986125:Medial_accessory_olive http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_accessory_olive Medial accessory olive Ontology1255357986125:Medial_agranular_insular_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_agranular_insular_area Medial agranular insular area Ontology1255357986125:Medial_amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_amygdala Medial amygdala Ontology1255357986125:Medial_amygdaloid_nucleus medial amygdalar nucleus medial nucleus of amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_amygdaloid_nucleus Medial amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_basal_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_basal_hypothalamus Medial basal hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_central_nucleus_of_the_amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_central_nucleus_of_the_amygdala Medial central nucleus of the amygdala Ontology1255357986125:Medial_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_cortex Medial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_dorsal_nucleus Medial dorsal thalamus Mediodorsal thalamus dorsomedial nucleus medial dorsal thalamic nucleus medial thalamic nuclei medial thalamic nucleus mediodorsal nucleus mediodorsal thalamic nucleus nucleus dorsomedialis thalami nucleus medialis dorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_dorsal_nucleus Medial dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_entorhinal_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_entorhinal_area Medial entorhinal area Ontology1255357986125:Medial_forebrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_forebrain Medial forebrain Ontology1255357986125:Medial_forebrain_bundle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_forebrain_bundle Medial forebrain bundle Ontology1255357986125:Medial_geniculate_body corpus geniculatum mediale medial geniculate complex medial geniculate nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_geniculate_body Nuclear complex of the thalamus situated on the caudal, subpial aspect of the thalamus. Medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Medial_geniculate_body_lateral_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_geniculate_body_lateral_nucleus Medial geniculate body lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_geniculate_body_ovoid_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_geniculate_body_ovoid_nucleus Medial geniculate body ovoid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_habenular_nucleus medial habenula nucleus habenulae medialis nucleus habenularis medialis nucleus habenularis medialis (Hassler) nucleus habenularis medialis epithalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_habenular_nucleus Medial habenular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_lemniscus Lemniscus medial http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_lemniscus Fiber tract arising predominantly from neurons in the nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus in the medulla, projecting to thalamus. Fibers cross in the decussation of the medial lemniscus. Medial lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_lemniscus_of_medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_lemniscus_of_medulla Part of medial lemniscus located within the medulla Medial lemniscus of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Medial_lemniscus_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_lemniscus_of_midbrain Part of medial lemniscus located within the midbrain Medial lemniscus of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Medial_lemniscus_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_lemniscus_of_pons Part of medial lemniscus located within the pons Medial lemniscus of pons Ontology1255357986125:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus Fiber bundle running longitudinally along the midline in the midbrain, pons and medulla, containing fibers that interconnect the cranial nerve nuclei controlling eye movements (Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg. 245) Medial longitudinal fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_medulla Medial longitudinal fasciculus of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_midbrain Medial longitudinal fasciculus of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_longitudinal_fasciculus_of_pons Medial longitudinal fasciculus of pons Ontology1255357986125:Medial_mammillary_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_mammillary_nucleus Medial mammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_mediodorsal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_mediodorsal_nucleus Medial mediodorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_medullary_lamina internal medullary lamina of pallidum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_medullary_lamina Thin sheet of white matter dividing the external and internal segments of the globus pallidus in primates Medial medullary lamina Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_accumbens http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_nucleus_accumbens Medial nucleus accumbens Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_of_cerebellum_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Medial nucleus of cerebellum to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_of_cerebellum_to_ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Medial nucleus of cerebellum to ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body Medial nucleus of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_of_stria_terminalis Medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis edial bed nucleus of stria terminalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_nucleus_of_stria_terminalis Medial nucleus of stria terminalis Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_of_the_solitary_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_nucleus_of_the_solitary_tract Medial nucleus of the solitary tract Ontology1255357986125:Medial_nucleus_of_trapezoid_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_nucleus_of_trapezoid_body Nucleus in the pontine tegmentum of most mammals that receives projections from the ventral cochlear nucleus via the large specialized synapse, the Calyx of Held. It is not clear whether a well defined nucleus is present in humans, although humans may possess scattered cells with similar input. Medial nucleus of trapezoid body Ontology1255357986125:Medial_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_oculomotor_nucleus Medial oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_olfactory_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_olfactory_gyrus Medial olfactory gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbital_frontal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_orbital_frontal_cortex Medial orbital frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_orbital_gyrus Medial orbital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbital_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_orbital_sulcus The medial orbital sulcus [S_orbital_med-olfact, 63] runs parallel to the infero-medial edge of the frontal lobe. Medial orbital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Medial orbitofrontal cortex to caudal anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_frontal_pole_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Medial orbitofrontal cortex to frontal pole cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Medial orbitofrontal cortex to lateral orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_rostral_anterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Medial orbitofrontal cortex to rostral anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_superior_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Medial orbitofrontal cortex to superior frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_parabrachial_nucleus Medial parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_part_of_basal_amygdaloid_nucleus medial basal nucleus of amygdala medial division of basal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_part_of_basal_amygdaloid_nucleus Medial part of basal amygdaloid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_part_of_medial_mammillary_nucleus medial subdivision of medial mammillary nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_part_of_medial_mammillary_nucleus Medial part of medial mammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_part_of_the_nucleus_of_the_solitary_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_part_of_the_nucleus_of_the_solitary_tract Medial part of the nucleus of the solitary tract Ontology1255357986125:Medial_part_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus medial part nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami nucleus ventrooralis medialis (Hassler) pars medialis ventral lateral nucleus ventral medial nucleus ventral medial nucleus of thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_part_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus Medial part of ventral lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_pericuneate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_pericuneate_nucleus Medial pericuneate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_pes_lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_pes_lemniscus Medial pes lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_pontine_reticular_formation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_pontine_reticular_formation Medial pontine reticular formation Ontology1255357986125:Medial_precentral_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_precentral_sulcus Sulcus of the frontal lobe that extends from the dorsal surface onto the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus (Ono-90). Medial precentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_prefrontal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_prefrontal_cortex Region of prefrontal cortex comprising the rostral insular cortex and the rostromedial tip of the cingulate gyrus, also referred to as the infrslimbic and prelimbic areas Medial prefrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Medial_pulvinar http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_pulvinar Medial pulvinar Ontology1255357986125:Medial_pulvinar_nucleus nucleus pulvinaris thalami nucleus pulvinaris medialis nucleus pulvinaris medialis thalami pars medialis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_pulvinar_nucleus Medial pulvinar nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_septum Medial septum Ontology1255357986125:Medial_striatum lobus parolfactorius http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_striatum Medial striatum Ontology1255357986125:Medial_subnucleus_of_solitary_tract nucleus of the solitary tract, medial part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_subnucleus_of_solitary_tract Medial subnucleus of solitary tract Ontology1255357986125:Medial_substantia_nigra_pars_compacta http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_substantia_nigra_pars_compacta Medial substantia nigra pars compacta Ontology1255357986125:Medial_superior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_superior_colliculus Medial superior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_superior_olivary_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_superior_olivary_nucleus One of two subnuclei of the superior olive located within the caudal pontine tegmentum. Appears as a parasagittal row of transversely oriented bipolar neurons in transverse sections of human, with elongated somata in humans and other primates and large caliber dendrites Medial superior olivary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_thalamus Medial thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_transverse_frontopolar_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_transverse_frontopolar_gyrus Medial transverse frontopolar gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Medial_ventral_tegmental_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_ventral_tegmental_area Medial ventral tegmental area Ontology1255357986125:Medial_vestibular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medial_vestibular_nucleus Medial vestibular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Median_eminence Median eminence of hypothalamus Median eminence of neurohypophysis Median eminence of posterior lobe of pituitary gland eminentia medialis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Median_eminence Elevation on the ventral surface of the brain located at the zone of attachment between the hypothalamic floor and the hypophysis. Median eminence Ontology1255357986125:Median_raphe_nucleus_to_cornu_ammonis Macaca mulatt brainmaps.org Median raphe nucleus to cornu ammonis Ontology1255357986125:Median_raphe_nucleus_to_medial_septal_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Median raphe nucleus to medial septal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Mediobasal_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mediobasal_hypothalamus Mediobasal hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Mediodorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Mediodorsal_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mediodorsal_thalamus Mediodorsal thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Medulla_oblongata medulla myelencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medulla_oblongata The lower portion of the hindbrain and brainstem located between the pons and spinal cord. This structure contains several descending and ascending tracts, lower cranial nerve nuclei, a significant proportion of the reticular system of the brainstem and other structures (adapted from NCI Thesaurus). Medulla oblongata Ontology1255357986125:Medullary_raphe_nuclear_complex raphe nuclei of medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medullary_raphe_nuclear_complex Medullary raphe nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Medullary_reticular_formation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medullary_reticular_formation Part of reticular formation located in the medulla Medullary reticular formation Ontology1255357986125:Medullary_white_matter http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Medullary_white_matter Medullary white matter Ontology1255357986125:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mesencephalic_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve Elongated nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum that receives proprioceptive input from both teh extraocular and the masticatory muscles. Contrary to the general rule, the cell bodies that give rise to these sensory fibers are located within the mesencephalic nucleus rather than in a peripheral ganglion. Some of the sensory fibers in the mesencephalic root give off collaterals to the trigeminal motor nucleus, thereby providing the anatomic basis for the monosynaptic jaw reflex. (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed. 1996, page 248). Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve Ontology1255357986125:Mesencephalic_tract_of_trigeminal_nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mesencephalic_tract_of_trigeminal_nerve Mesencephalic tract of trigeminal nerve Ontology1255357986125:Metathalamus geniculate group of the dorsal thalamus nuclei metathalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Metathalamus Metathalamus Ontology1255357986125:Microglia Resident macrophages,microglial cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia Microglia are a type of glial cell that are the resident macrophages of the brain and spinal cord, and thus act as the first and main form of active immune defense in the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia constitute 20% of the total glial cell population within the brain. Microglia Ontology1255357986125:Midbrain Mesencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Midbrain Part of the brain that develops from the middle of the 3 primary vesicles of the embryonic neural tube, between the prosencephalon and rhombencephalon, later forming the tectum and cerebral peduncles. Midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Midbrain_raphe_nuclei Midbrain raphe http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Midbrain_raphe_nuclei Midline nuclei found in the midbrain, includes the dorsal raphe nucleus and the rostral linear nucleus of raphe. Midbrain raphe nuclei Ontology1255357986125:Midbrain_reticular_formation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Midbrain_reticular_formation Part of the reticular formation located in the midbrain tegmentum Midbrain reticular formation Ontology1255357986125:Midbrain_tectum tectum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Midbrain_tectum Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei Midbrain tectum Ontology1255357986125:Midbrain_tegmentum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Midbrain_tegmentum Midbrain tegmentum Ontology1255357986125:Midde_temporal_cortex_to_lateral_occipital_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Midde temporal cortex to lateral occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle brachium pontis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Middle_cerebellar_peduncle Regional part of medullary white matter (according to Neuronames) primarily found at the level of the pons, consisting of a very large bundle of fibers originating in the pontine nuclei projecting to the cerebellum Middle cerebellar peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Middle_frontal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Middle_frontal_gyrus The middle frontal gyrus (or F2) [G_front_middle, 15] is limited: superiorly by the line joining the segments of the superior frontal sulcus and the transverse frontopolar sulcus, inferiorly by the inferior frontal and lateral orbital sulci, posteriorly by both segments of the precentral sulcus and by the line joining them. Middle frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Middle_frontal_sulcus Sulcus frontalis medius middle frontal fissure sulcus f3 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Middle_frontal_sulcus A discontinuous middle frontal sulcus [S_front_middle, 53] was usually present (R: 12/12; L: 11/12) within the middle frontal gyrus. Its length is variable but it is more anterior than the superior and inferior frontal sulci and reaches the frontal pole, whereas it is not connected to the precentral sulcus. It is independent or connected to the superior or inferior frontal sulci, from which it is sometimes difficult to distinguish. Middle frontal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Middle_occipital_gyrus middle occipital gyri www.thehumanbrain.info Middle occipital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Middle_segment_of_the_lateral_sulcus www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ Middle segment of the lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Middle_temporal_area The term "middle temporal visual area" was first used by Allman and Kaas (1971) for a region of the owl monkey brain located on the "caudal third of the middle temporal gyrus." Functionally, it contains "a complete representation of the contralateral half of the visual field... This representation of the visual field (MT) corresponds to a histologically distinct area adjacent and rostral to area 19... The horizontal meridian divides MT into a lateral portion representing the upper visual quadrant and a medial portion representing the lower quadrant. The center of gaze is represented in the caudal portion of MT bordering area 19." Middle temporal area Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_cortex_to_inferior_parietal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Middle temporal cortex to inferior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_cortex_to_inferior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Middle temporal cortex to inferior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Middle temporal cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_cortex_to_precentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Middle temporal cortex to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_cortex_to_superior_temporal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Middle temporal cortex to superior temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_gyrus gyrus temporalis medius http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Middle_temporal_gyrus Component of the temporal lobe, lateral aspect. The rostral boundary is the rostral extent of the superior temporal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the temporo-occipital incisure on the cortical surface. The superior temporal sulcus is the medial boundary and the inferior temporal sulcus is the lateral boundary Middle temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Middle_temporal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Middle_temporal_sulcus Middle temporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Midline_nuclear_group MNG midline nuclei of thalamus nuclei mediani (thalami) periventricular nuclei of thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Midline_nuclear_group Midline nuclear group Ontology1255357986125:Mixed_synapse http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Mixed_Synapse Existence of both chemical and electrotonic synapses at the same interface , Synaptic contact characterized by both electrical and chemical synaptic junctions. Mixed synapse Ontology1255357986125:Molecular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Molecular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex The outermost cytoarchitectural layer of the cerebellar cortex, characterized by basket and stellate cells scattered among dense processes, including the parallel fibers and dendrites of Purkinje cells, lying superficial to the Purkinje cell layer and bounded by the pial surface of the brain. Molecular layer of cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Molecular_layer_of_dorsal_cochlear_nucleus Dorsal cochlear nucleus molecular layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Molecular_layer_of_dorsal_cochlear_nucleus Molecular layer of dorsal cochlear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Motor_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve motor trigeminal nucleus trigeminal motor nucleus trigeminal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Motor_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve Nucleus located in the pontine tegmentum containing cells that give rise to motor innervation of the jaw through the trigeminal nerve. It receives both crossed and uncrossed fibers from the cerebral cortex (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed., 1996, pg 248). Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Ontology1255357986125:Motor_root_of_trigeminal_nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Motor_root_of_trigeminal_nerve Motor root of trigeminal nerve Ontology1255357986125:Muller_Cell Müller cell Müller glia http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Muller_Cell Specialized glial cell of the retina whose processed span the full thickness of the retina. Its cell body, recognized in electron micrographs by its dark cytoplasm and by its polygonal shape, lies in the deeper regions of the inner nuclear layer. Its processes reach the choroid layer outwardly and inwardly extend to ensheath the ganglioin cells and terminate on the vitreal surface as endfeet. (Shepherd, G. The synaptic organization of the brain, Ed 5, pg 231. Muller cell Ontology1255357986125:NG2_Cell polydendrocytes http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:NG2_Cell NG2 cells (also known as polydendrocytes) are a population of CNS cells that are distinct from neurons, mature oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. They can be identified by the expression of the proteoglycan NG2, have a highly branched morphology and are distributed throughout the grey and white matter. They differentiate into oligodendrocytes in vitro and have often been equated with oligodendrocyte precursor cells. NG2 cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex homotypical cortex isocortex neopallium http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex Part of cerebral cortex defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture that has six layers. Starting from the cortical surface the layers are: molecular layer (I), external granular layer (II), external pyramidal layer (III), internal granular layer (IV), internal pyramidal layer (V), and multiform layer (VI). Neocortex is most prominent in the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the temporal lobe and the occipital lobe, less so in the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the insula. It is composed of two subdivisions: true isocortex and proisocortex (Carpenter-83) (NN) * The largest portion of the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is composed of NEURONS arranged in six layers. (MSH) * the newer, 6 layered portion of the cerebral cortex showing stratification and organization characteristic of the most highly evolved type of cerebral tissue. (CSP) Neocortex Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_1_parvalbumin_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_1_parvalbumin_cell This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 1 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 1 parvalbumin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_2_parvalbumin_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_2_parvalbumin_cell This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 2 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 2 parvalbumin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_3_parvalbumin_cell Inhibitory interneurons GABAergic interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_3_parvalbumin_cell This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 3 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 3 parvalbumin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_4_parvalbumin_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_4_parvalbumin_cell This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 4 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 4 parvalbumin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_5_parvalbumin_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_5_parvalbumin_cell This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 5 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 5 parvalbumin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_6_parvalbumin_cell Inhibitory interneurons GABAergic interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_Prefrontal_Area_layer_6_parvalbumin_cell This neuron stains for Parvalbumin and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 6 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral Prefrontal Area layer 6 parvalbumin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_1_GABAergic_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_1_GABAergic_cell The primary GABAergic cell that is immunoreactive to GABA and found in the human neocortex. This cell has laminar-specific subtypes in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex visualized by immunohistochemical staining of cells for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65/67. Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 1 GABAergic cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_2_Calbindin_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_2_Calbindin_cell This neuron stains for Calbindin-28K and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 2 GABAergic neurons. Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 2 Calbindin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_2_GABAergic_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_2_GABAergic_cell The primary GABAergic cell that is immunoreactive to GABA and found in the human neocortex. Subtypes of this cell vary in different neocortical regions in a type- and laminar-specific manner. Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 2 GABAergic cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_3_Calbindin_cell Inhibitory interneuron GABAergic interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_3_Calbindin_cell This neuron stains for Calbindin-28K and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 3 GABAergic neurons Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 3 Calbindin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_3_GABAergic_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_3_GABAergic_cell The primary GABAergic cell that has laminar-specific subtypes in human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as visualized by immunohistochemical staining of cells for Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65/67. Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 3 GABAergic cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_3_glutamatergic_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_3_glutamatergic_cell This basic type of glutamatergic neuron in the layer 3 of human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is characterized by both pyramidal and non-pyramidal morphologies. The pyramidal morphology is more common in deep layer 3 and shows dense spines while the non-pyramidal glutamatergic cells show fusiform morphology. Both the pyramidal and non-pyramidal cells stain positive for specific glutamatergic markers Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 3 glutamatergic cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_4_Calbindin_cell GABAergic interneurons Inhibitory interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_4_Calbindin_cell This neuron stains for Calbindin-28K and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 4 GABAergic neurons. Neocortex Dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 4 Calbindin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_Martinotti_cell Martinotti cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_Martinotti_cell Neocortex Martinotti cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_basket_cell Neocortical basket cell basket cell cortical basket cell cortical basket neuron parvalbumin interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_basket_cell Neocortex basket cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_bipolar_cell Bipolar dendrite cell Cortical bipolar cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_bipolar_cell Neocortex bipolar cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_bouquet_double_cell Double Bouquet Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_bouquet_double_cell Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent. Neocortex bouquet double cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_candelabrum_cell candelabrum cell candelabrum neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_candelabrum_cell Neocortex candelabrum cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_chandelier_cell Chandelier cell Chandelier-type cell Cortical chandelier cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_chandelier_cell Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some cells have a more multipolar configuration. Neocortex chandelier cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_6_calbindin_cell Inhibitory interneurons GABAergic interneurons Neocortical interneurons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_6_calbindin_cell This neuron stains for Calbindin-28K and is one of the subpopulation of DLPFC layer 6 GABAergic neurons Neocortex dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 6 calbindin cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_1 Neocortex layer I layer 1 of neocortex layer I of neocortex molecular layer of neocortex neocortex molecular layer neocortex plexiform layer plexiform layer of neocortex zonal layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_1 The most superficial layer of the neocortex, lying just underneath the pial surface, characterized by a paucity of cell bodies and an abundance of fibers. Neocortex layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_2 external granule cell layer of neocortex layer II of neocortex neocortex layer II http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_2 Layer of neocortex lying just deep to molecular layer characterized by numerous small cell bodies Neocortex layer 2 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_3 external pyramidal cell layer of neocortex layer 3 of neocortex layer III of neocortex neocortex external pyramidal cell layer neocortex layer III http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_3 Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external granule cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by numerous small pyramidal neurons Neocortex layer 3 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_4 internal granule cell layer of neocortex layer 4 of neocortex layer IV of neocortex neocortex internal granule cell layer neocortex layer IV neocortical internal granule cell layer neocortical layer IV http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_4 Layer of neocortex lying deep to the external pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by the presence of numerous small cells Neocortex layer 4 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_5 layer V of neocortex internal pyramidal cell layer of neocortex layer 5 layer 5 of neocortex neocortex internal pyramidal cell layer neocortex layer V neocortical layer 5 neocortical layer V http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_5 Layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal granule cell layer (layer 4) defined cytoarchitecturally by the predominance of large pyramidal cell bodies Neocortex layer 5 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_5A http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_5A Neocortex layer 5A Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_5B http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_5B Neocortex layer 5B Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_layer_6 layer VI of neocortex multiform layer of neocortex neocortex layer VI neocortex multiform layer neocortical layer 6 neocortical layer VI pleiomorphic layer of neocortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_layer_6 Innermost layer of neocortex lying deep to the internal pyramidal cell layer defined cytoarchitecturally by cells of varying size. Neocortex layer 6 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_polymorphic_cell_layer_5-6 Layer 5-6 polymorphic cell Neocortex polymorphic neuron layer 5-6 polymorphic cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_polymorphic_cell_layer_5-6 Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_2-3_cell Superficial cortical pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_2-3_cell This basic neuron type in the neocortex has a pyramidal-shaped cell body with apical and basal dendrites, with an axon that projects to other cortical areas as well giving rise to local collaterals. Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 2-3 cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_5_callosal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_5_callosal_cell#tab=Basic This is a basic type of neocortical cell with a pyramidal shaped cell body and apical and basal spiny dendrites. Its axon gives off local collaterals and projects through the corpus callosum to the contralateral neocortex. It belongs to the group termed intra-telencepalic pyramidal cells. Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 callosal cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_5_corticospinal_cell Betz cell Upper motor neuron corticospinal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_5_corticospinal_cell This is a basic type of neocortical cell with a pyramidal-shaped cell body and apical and basal spiny dendrites. It has an axon that projects subcortically to the spinal cord, giving off collaterals to the thalamus, and local collaterals within the cortex. It belongs to the group termed infra-telencephalic pyramidal cells. Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 corticospinal cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_5_corticostriate_cell Cortico-striate cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_motor_area_pyramidal_layer_5_corticostriate_cell This is a basic type of neocortical cell with a pyramidal-shaped cell body and basal and apical spiny dendrites. Its axon projects to the neostriatum, and gives off local collaterals with the neocortex. It belongs to the group termed intra-telenchephalic. Neocortex primary motor area pyramidal layer 5 corticostriate cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_primary_visual_area_pyramidal_layer_2-3_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_visual_area_pyramidal_layer_2-3_cell Neocortex primary visual area pyramidal layer 2-3 cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_primary_visual_layer_5_callosal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_visual_layer_5_callosal_cell Neuron in lower layer 5 of primary visual cortex with pyramidal or ovoid soma that project via the corpus callosum to the opposite visual cortex. At the area 17/18 border, callosal neurons are distributed evenly throughout the depth of layer 5. These neurons do not send projections to either the pontine nuclei or the superior colliculus. Apical dendrites of these cells were never observed to extend above layer 4. Basal dendrites were restricted to layer 5 and upper part of layer 6. 2-6 primary basal dendrites originated from the base of the pyramid or ovoid cell body. Neocortex primary visual layer 5 callosal cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_pyramidal_cell Cortical pyramidal neuron Neocortical pyramidal cell Neocortical pyramidal neuron neocortex pyramidal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_pyramidal_cell Pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex (not including hippocampus or olfactory cortex). The pyramidal cell of the neocortex is located in layers 2-3 and 5-6, has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. Neocortex pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_pyramidal_cell_layer_5-6 layer 5 pyramidal cell Layer 5-6 pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5-6 Tufted layer 5 (TL5) pyramidal neuron deep pyramidal cell layer 5 pyramidal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_pyramidal_cell_layer_5-6 The pyramidal cell of layer 5 of the neocortex has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. The axon descends through the internal capsule, giving off collaterals to the thalamus, to the medullary pyramids, where most of the axons cross controlaterally to descend and innervate the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_pyramidal_layer_2-3_cell Layer 2-3 pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2-3 Neocortical pyramidal neuron: superficial corticocortical cell deep layer (layer 5, 6) pyramidal cell superficial pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_pyramidal_layer_2-3_cell This basic excitatory neuron type has a pyramidal-shaped cell body, with apical and basal dendrites. Typically, there is an axon that projects to other cortical and/or subcortical areas, as well as giving rise to local collaterals. Neocortex pyramidal layer 2-3 cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_stellate_cell cortical stellate cell stellate cell cortical layer 4 stellate cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_stellate_cell Neocortex stellate cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_stellate_layer_4_cell Cortical stellate cell cortical spiny stellate cell cortical stellate neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_stellate_layer_4_cell Neocortex stellate layer 4 cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_stellate_smooth_cell Cortical Smooth Stellate Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_stellate_smooth_cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by relatively smooth dendrites . Neocortex stellate smooth cell Ontology1255357986125:Neocortex_stellate_spiny_cell Cortical Spiny Stellate Cel http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_stellate_spiny_cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (While and Rock, 1980). Neocortex stellate spiny cell Ontology1255357986125:Neodentate_part_of_dentate_nucleus Neodentate portion of dentate nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neodentate_part_of_dentate_nucleus Neodentate part of dentate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Neostriatum_Neurogliaform_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neostriatum_Neurogliaform_cell Neostriatum Neurogliaform cell Ontology1255357986125:Neostriatum_cholinergic_cell Neostriatum giant cell of Kolliker Aspiny type 1 neuron Giant cholinergic interneuron Neostriatal cholinergic interneuron Neostriatum cholinergic interneuron Striatal cholinergic interneuron cholinergic striatal neuron large striatal aspiny neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neostriatum_cholinergic_cell Large cholinergic interneuron in the caudate nucleus and putamen, extensive axon collaterals terminate on striatal medium spiny neurons Neostriatum cholinergic cell Ontology1255357986125:Neostriatum_direct_pathway_spiny_neuron Medium spiny neuron Medium-sized spiny neuron Neostriatal spiny neuron Striatal medium spiny neuron Striatal spiny neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neostriatum_direct_pathway_spiny_neuron The principal projection neuron of the caudate and putamen. Neostriatum direct pathway spiny neuron Ontology1255357986125:Neostriatum_indirect_pathway_spiny_neuron Medium spiny neuron Neostriatal spiny neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neostriatum_indirect_pathway_spiny_neuron The principal projection neuron of the caudate and putamen Neostriatum indirect pathway spiny neuron Ontology1255357986125:Nerve_tract fiber tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nerve_tract White matter structure of CNS that contains axons that arise predominantly in one central nervous system part and terminate in another. Tracts are generally named by their region or origin followed by their region of primary termination, e.g., mammillothalamic tract contains axons that arise from neurons in the mammillary bodies and terminate in the thalamus. Nerve tract Ontology1255357986125:Neuroendocrine_motor_magnocellular_neurosecretory_cell Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cell Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neuron Magnocellular secretory neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neuroendocrine_motor_magnocellular_neurosecretory_cell Neuroendocrine motor magnocellular neurosecretory cell Ontology1255357986125:Neurohypophysis neural lobe of pituitary posterior lobe of pituitary http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neurohypophysis The neurohypophysis not only consists of the nerve endings of the oxytocin- and vasopressin-secreting neurons of the hypothalamus, but also receives both dopamine- and opiate peptide-containing nerve fibers. This secondary innervation may regulate hormone secretion at the level of the nerve terminals by an action similar to presynaptic inhibition. Neurohypophysis Ontology1255357986125:Neuron en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron An electrically axcitable cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals. These signals between neurons occur via synapses. Neuron Ontology1255357986125:Nodulus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nodulus Nodulus Ontology1255357986125:Non_channel_synapse http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/synapses.htm These synapses have neuroreceptors that are not channels at all, but instead are membrane-bound enzymes. When activated by the neurotransmitter, they catalyse the production of a “messenger chemical” inside the cell, which in turn can affect many aspects of the cell’s metabolism. In particular they can alter the number and sensitivity of the ion channel receptors in the same cell. These synapses are involved in slow and long-lasting responses like learning and memory. Typical neurotransmitters are adrenaline, noradrenaline (NB adrenaline is called epinephrine in America), dopamine, serotonin, endorphin, angiotensin, and acetylcholine. Non channel synapse Ontology1255357986125:Nuclei_of_the_diagonal_band http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nuclei_of_the_diagonal_band Nuclei of the diagonal band Ontology1255357986125:Nuclei_of_the_lateral_lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nuclei_of_the_lateral_lemniscus Groups of cells situated largely within the fiber bundles of the lateral lemniscus. Two nuclei are usually distinguished: a ventral group and a dorsal group (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg. 619). Nuclei of the lateral lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Nuclei_of_the_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nuclei_of_the_thalamus Nuclei of the thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_accumbens accumbens nucleus nucleus accumbens septi http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_accumbens A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen. (caudoputamen in rodent) and continuous with these structures. There is no distinct boundary between the nucleus accumbens and the caudate/putamen, but in rodents, it can be identified by its lack of traversing fiber bundles in comparison to the dorsal striatum. Its principle neuron is the medium spiny neuron. Together with the neostriatum (caudate nucleus and putamen), the nucleus accumbens forms the striatum. Nucleus accumbens Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_ambiguus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_ambiguus Nucleus ambiguus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_ambiguus_motor_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_ambiguus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose soma lies within the nucleus ambiguus and whose axons project through the glossopharyngeal or vagus nerve to innervate the striated muscules of the pharynx and larynx (Heimer, The human brain and spinal cord, 2nd ed, 1995, pg 258 and table 11-1, pg 266). Nucleus ambiguus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_gigantocellularis Gigantocellular nucleus gigantocellular reticular nucleus nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_gigantocellularis Nucleus gigantocellularis Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_intercalatus intercalated nucleus of medulla nucleus Staderini http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_intercalatus Nucleus intercalatus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_CNS http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_CNS A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. Nucleus of CNS Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_Darkschewitsch http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_Darkschewitsch Nucleus of Darkschewitsch Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_anterior_commissure Nucleus commissurae anterioris bed nucleus of anterior commissure bed nucleus of the anterior commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_anterior_commissure Nucleus of anterior commissure Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_diagonal_band Nucleus fasciculi diagonalis Brocae diagonal band nucleus nucleus of diagonal band nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_diagonal_band Nucleus of diagonal band Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_field_H_of_Forel http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_field_H_of_Forel Nucleus of the subthalamus comprising cells lying scattered among fiber tracts, at the level of the mesodiencephalic junction, immediately rostral to the red nucleus and ventrolateral to the ventral tegmental area. Nucleus of field H of Forel Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_lateral_olfactory_tract Nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_lateral_olfactory_tract Nucleus of lateral olfactory tract Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_medial_eminence http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_medial_eminence Nucleus of medial eminence Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_optic_tract nucleus of the optic tract optic tract nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_optic_tract Predominantly gray matter structure consisting of large multipoloar cells lying aong axons of the brachium of the superior colliculus, lyaing adjaent to the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system. In several species, cells of this nucleus receive inpu from the contralateral retina (Sefton and Dreher in Paxinos, G. The rat nervous system, 1995, pg. 862). Nucleus of optic tract Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_of_posterior_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_of_posterior_commissure Nucleus of posterior commissure Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_paramedianus_dorsalis nucleus paramedianus dorsalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_paramedianus_dorsalis Nucleus paramedianus dorsalis Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_prepositus prepositus nucleus nucleus praepositus nucleus prepositus hypoglossi prepositus hypoglossal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_prepositus Nucleus prepositus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_raphe_magnus raphe magnus nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_raphe_magnus Nucleus raphe magnus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_raphe_obscurus raphe obscurus nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_raphe_obscurus Nucleus raphe obscurus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_raphe_pallidus raphe pallidus nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_raphe_pallidus Nucleus raphe pallidus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_rotundus_of_thalamus nucleus rotundus thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_rotundus_of_thalamus Nucleus rotundus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Nucleus_subceruleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Nucleus_subceruleus Nucleus subceruleus Ontology1255357986125:Obex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Obex Small fold of tissue found at the caudal end of the 4th ventricle on the surface of the brain in the caudal medulla. It also marks the location of the dorsal column nuclei (Adapted from Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 135. Obex Ontology1255357986125:Occipital_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Occipital_cortex Gray matter of neocortex located in the occipital lobe in organisms that have distinct lobes, located in the occipital pole and continuous with the gray matter of the parietal cortex and temporal cortex Occipital cortex Ontology1255357986125:Occipital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Occipital_gyrus Occipital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Occipital_lobe http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Occipital_lobe Occipital lobe Ontology1255357986125:Occipitotemporal_sulcus inferior temporal sulcus (Roberts) lateral occipitotemporal sulcus inferior temporal fissure (Crosby) inferior temporal sulcus (Szikla) inferior temporal sulcus-2 occipito-temporal sulcus third temporal sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Occipitotemporal_sulcus Occipitotemporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Oculomotor_nerve_fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oculomotor_nerve_fibers Oculomotor nerve fibers Ontology1255357986125:Oculomotor_nuclear_complex oculomotor nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oculomotor_nuclear_complex Nuclear complex containing subnuclei that give rise to the axons of the occulomotor nerve, both motor and parasympathetic fibers, situated at the midline at the level of the superior colliculus in the midbrain tegmentum (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed., 1981, pg 533-534). Oculomotor nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Oculomotor_nucleus_motor_neuron IIIrd nerve motor neuron 3rd nerve motor neuron oculomotor nucleus motor cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oculomotor_nucleus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the oculomotor nucleus Oculomotor nucleus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb main olfactory bulb http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb Structure of the vertebrate telencephalon involved in olfaction. Olfactory bulb Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_accessory_nucleus Accessory olfactory bulb http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_accessory_nucleus Olfactory bulb accessory nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_external_plexiform_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_external_plexiform_layer Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs. Olfactory bulb main external plexiform layer Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_glomerular_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_glomerular_layer The glomerular layer of the main olfactory bulb, lying deep to the olfactory nerve layer. It contains the glomeruli, neuropil rich spheroid structures surrounded by a distinctive shell of small neuros and glial cells (Paxinos, the Rat Nervous System, 2nd ed., Academic Press, 1995). Olfactory bulb main glomerular layer Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_glomerulus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_glomerulus Olfactory bulb main glomerulus Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_granule_cell_layer Olfactory bulb granule cell layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_granule_cell_layer Olfactory bulb main granule cell layer Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_mitral_cell_body_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_mitral_cell_body_layer Olfactory bulb main mitral cell body layer Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_olfactory_nerve_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_olfactory_nerve_layer Superficial layer of the main olfactory bulb containing axons from the olfactory nerve and glial cells Olfactory bulb main olfactory nerve layer Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_bulb_main_tufted_cell_external external tufted cell external tufted neuron olfactory bulb external tufted cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_main_tufted_cell_external Olfactory bulb main tufted cell external Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_cortex_deep_pyramidal_cell Olfactory cortex pyramidal neuron Small pyramidal neuron piriform cortex deep pyramidal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_cortex_deep_pyramidal_cell A cell with the classic pyramidal-shaped cell body and apical and basal dendritic trees, with cell body in layer III of the piriform (olfactory) cortex. Its axon arises from the deeper aspect of the cell body and gives rise to collaterals which terminate within the layer III on local intrinsic cells, and also recur to layer III and II where they form association fibers that connect to the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and continue to become centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cortex deep pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_cortex_horizontal_cell Horizontal cell (olfactory) olfactory horizontal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_cortex_horizontal_cell Medium-size interneuron in the superficial layer I of the olfactory cortex, with dendrites oriented parallel to the surface, and axon descending to layer II. They presumably receive excitatory input from the LOT fibers and are inhibitory in layer II. Olfactory cortex horizontal cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_cortex_semilunar_cell semilunar cell semilunar neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_cortex_semilunar_cell Projection neuron found in the superficial border of layer II (IIa) of piriform cortex similar in characteristics to a pyramidal cell and also resembling the granule cell of the dentate gyrus. It has an apical but no basilar dendrites. They project to other cortical areas but, in contrast to pyramidal cells, they do not project back to the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cortex semilunar cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_cortex_superficial_pyramidal_cell Olfactory cortex pyramidal neuron Small pyramidal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_cortex_superficial_pyramidal_cell A cell with the classic pyramidal-shaped cell body and apical and basal dendritic trees, with cell body in layer IIb and superficial layer III of the piriform (olfactory) cortex. Its axon arises from the deeper aspect of the cell body and gives rise to collaterals which terminate within the layer III on local intrinsic cells, and also recur to layer III, II and Ib where they form association fibers that connect to the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons and continue to become centrifugal fibers to the olfactory bulb. Olfactory cortex superficial pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_ensheathing_cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerve_guidance_conduit#Olfactory_ensheathing_cells The mammalian primary olfactory system has retained the ability to continuously regenerate during adulthood. Olfactory receptor neurons have an average lifespan of 6-8 weeks and therefore, must be replaced by cells differentiated from stem cells forming a layer at the epithelium's base. The new olfactory receptor neurons must project their axons through the CNS to an olfactory bulb in order to be functional. Axonal growth is guided by the glial composition and cytoarchitecture of the olfactory bulb in addition to the presence of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs).It is postulated that OECs originate in the olfactory placode, suggesting a different developmental origin than other similarly related nervous system microglia. Another interesting concept is that OECs are found in both the peripheral and central nervous system portions of the primary olfactory system, that is, the olfactory epithelium and bulb OECs are similar to Schwann cells in that they provide an upregulation of low-affinity NGF receptor p75 following injury; however, unlike Schwann cells they produce lower levels of neurotrophins. Several studies have shown evidence of OECs being able to support regeneration of lesioned axons, but these results are often unable to be reproduced. Olfactory ensheathing cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_entorhinal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_entorhinal_cortex A part of the entorhinal area defined on the basis of connectivity. It is the rostral portion, which receives a projection from the olfactory bulb (Price-90)-Adapted from Brain Info Olfactory entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_peduncle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_peduncle The region connecting the olfactory bulb with the basal forebrain Olfactory peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_sulcus Sulcus olfactorius Olfactory groove Olfactory sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_trigone Trigonum olfactorium http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_trigone A small triangular area in front of the anterior perforated substance. Its apex, directed forward, occupies the posterior part of the olfactory sulcus, and is brought into view by throwing back the olfactory tract Olfactory trigone Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle Tuberculum olfactorium anterior perforated space anterior perforated substance http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. Olfactory tubercle Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_DA_cell Islands of Calleja dopamine cell Islets of Calleja dopamine cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_DA_cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_GABA_cell Islands of Calleja Gaba interneuron Islets of Calleja Gaba interneuron Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_GABA_cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_dwarf_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_dwarf_neuron The olfactory tubercle (anterior perforated substance in primates) contains clusters of cells appearing as caps made up of small cells surrounded by pyramidal cells, identified originally as "islets of Calleja" by Calleja (1893) and summarized by Cajal (1911). Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja dwarf neuron Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_granule_neuron Island of Calleja granule neuron Island of Calleja granule cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_granule_neuron Neuron located in the granule cell clusters in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a small soma with one to two small sparsely spiny varicose dendrites. The axon has not been observed to exit the clusters in Golgi preparations. Ultrastructurally, it is characterized by scant cytoplasm and a round nucleus (Meyer et al., 1989). Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja granule neuron Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_large_Type_2_hilar_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_large_Type_2_hilar_cell Type of large hilar neuron located in the hilar region of the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) or the olfactory tubercle that can be differentiated morphologically from other types of hilar neurons: it has several primary dendrites that branch relatively close to the soma but without forming bushlike or other special dendritic complexes; the dendrites do not go along the border of the granule cell clusters but approach them at right angles; the axon also arises from the cell soma (Millhouse, 1987). Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja large Type 2 hilar cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_large_hilar_cell Olfactory tubercle large hilar neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_large_hilar_cell Large neuron associated with the hilar region of the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle in the hilar region . It has two thick primary dendrites, 40-90 um long, that branch near the periphery of the granule cell cluster with several dendritic branches coming off of the main shaft close together in a bushlike manner (Millhouse, 1987). Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja large hilar cell Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_spiny_granule_neuron Island of Calleja spiny granule neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_Islets_of_Calleja_spiny_granule_neuron Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (Millhouse, 1987) Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja spiny granule neuron Ontology1255357986125:Olfactory_tubercle_cortical_region_of_Meyer_et_al_1989 olfactory tubercle cortical region http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_tubercle_cortical_region_of_Meyer_et_al_1989 Part of olfactory tubercle characterized by a laminar appearance with three layers (molecular, pyramidal and polymorph). Olfactory tubercle cortical region of Meyer et al 1989 Ontology1255357986125:Oligodendrocyte Oligodendroglia http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oligodendrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as satellite cells, perineuronal of ganglia) according to their location. They form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system (MSH). Oligodendrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Oligodendrocyte_Precursor_Cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte_precursor_cell Oligodendrocyte precursor cells in nervous tissue cells precede oligodendrocytes, and may also be able to generate neurons and astrocytes. The principal function of oligodendrocytes is to provide support to axons and to produce the Myelin sheath, which insulates and lowers the effective capacitance of axons. Myelin is 80% lipid and 20% protein and speeds the conduction of action potentials down the axon. Oligodendrocytes, unlike Schwann cells of the PNS, form segments of myelin sheaths of numerous neurons at once. The processes of a given oligodendrocyte wrap themselves around portions of the surrounding axons. As each process wraps itself around, it forms layers of myelin. Each process thus becomes a segment of the axon's myelin sheath. Oligodendrocyte precursor cell Ontology1255357986125:Olivary_pretectal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olivary_pretectal_nucleus Small distinct nucleus in the pretectum of mammals involved in the pupillary light reflect. In rats, it is an olive shaped (anterior) nucleus lying ventral to the brachium of the superior colliculus (Paxinos, The rat nervous system, 2nd ed, 1995, pg. 862). Physiologically, it is identified by neurons sensitive to luminance changes. Olivary pretectal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Olivocerebellar_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olivocerebellar_tract Olivocerebellar tract Ontology1255357986125:Olivocochlear_bundle efferent cochlear bundle Olivocochlear bundle of Rasmussen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olivocochlear_bundle Olivocochlear bundle Ontology1255357986125:Opercular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus pars opercularis gyri frontalis inferioris http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Opercular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus The opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus [G_front_inf-Opercular, 12] is posterior to the vertical ramus/line. Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Optic_chiasm http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Optic_chiasm A location within the visual system of binocular animals where axons of retinal ganglion cells cross contralaterally or remain ipsilatterally towards termination zones in the lateral geniculate nucleus Optic chiasm Ontology1255357986125:Optic_chiasm_to_suprachiasmatic_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Optic chiasm to suprachiasmatic nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Optic_recess_of_third_ventricle Recessus opticus Recessus praeopticus Recessus supraopticus preoptic recess supraoptic recess http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Optic_recess_of_third_ventricle Recess in third ventricle lying in front of the optic chiasm at the base of the lamina terminalis. Optic recess of third ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Optic_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Optic_tract Predominantly white matter structure found in diencephalon consisting of fibers originating in the retina. The optic tract is considered to extend from the point of the optic chiasm and terminates largely, although not exclusively, in the lateral geniculate complex. Other fibers end in the superior colliculus and other structures in the diencephalon, midbrain and brainstem (MM). Optic tract Ontology1255357986125:Oral_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oral_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus Oral part of spinal trigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Oral_part_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus nucleus lateralis oralis situs principalis nucleus ventralis lateralis pars oralis ventral lateral nucleus ventral lateral thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oral_part_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus Oral part of ventral lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Oral_part_of_ventral_posterolateral_nucleus nucleus lateralis intermedius lateralis nucleus posteroventralis oralis nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis nucleus ventrointermedius pars oralis ventral posterolateral nucleus ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oral_part_of_ventral_posterolateral_nucleus Oral part of ventral posterolateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oral_pontine_reticular_nucleus Oral pontine reticular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Oral_pulvinar_nucleus nucleus pulvinaris oralis thalami anterior pulvinar nucleus nucleus pulvinaris oralis oral nuclear group of pulvinar oral part of pulvinar oral portion of pulvinar http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Oral_pulvinar_nucleus Oral pulvinar nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Orbital_frontal_cortex orbitofrontal cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Orbital_frontal_cortex Orbital frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Orbital_gyri_complex Orbital_gyri http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Orbital_gyri_complex Orbital gyri complex Ontology1255357986125:Orbital_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus pars orbitalis gyri frontalis inferioris http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Orbital_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus orbital part [G_front_inf-Orbital, 13] is antero-inferior to the horizontal ramus/line. Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Orbital_sulcus Cruciate sulcus of Campbell Sulcus orbitalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Orbital_sulcus Orbital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Organum_vasculosum_lamina_terminalis medial prechiasmatic gland optic recess organ supraoptic crest vascular organ of the lamina terminalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Organum_vasculosum_lamina_terminalis circumventricular organ that forms the ventral part of the midline anterior wall of the third ventricle Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis Ontology1255357986125:Outer_granular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Outer_granular_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex Outer granular layer of cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Paleodentate_of_dentate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paleodentate_of_dentate_nucleus Paleodentate of dentate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Pallidotegmental_fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pallidotegmental_fasciculus Pallidotegmental fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Parabigeminal_nucleus Ch8 cell group Nucleus parabigeminous http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parabigeminal_nucleus Cholinergic cell group that is located ventral to the brachium of the inferior colliculus (in rat) and has reciprocal connectivity with the superior colliculus (Adapted from Paxinos, The rat central nervous system, 2nd ed, 1995, pg 865 Parabigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parabrachial_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parabrachial_nucleus Parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parabrachial_pigmented_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parabrachial_pigmented_nucleus Nucleus identified in the medial ventral tegmental area that borders the red nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncle dorsally, the medial lemniscus laterally, the subtantia nigra pars compacta and paranigral nucleus ventrally and the rostral linear nucleus and interfascicular nucleus medially. Generally, the largest nucleus in the ventral tegmental area, occupying an average of 50% of the total volume as measured in rat, cat, monkey and human Parabrachial pigmented nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Paracentral_cortex_to_posterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Paracentral cortex to posterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Paracentral_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Paracentral cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Paracentral_cortex_to_superior_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Paracentral cortex to superior frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Paracentral_lobule www.thehumanbrain.info Paracentral lobule Ontology1255357986125:Paracentral_nucleus nucleus centralis lateralis superior nucleus paracentral nucleus paracentral thalami paracentral nucleus of thalamus paracentral nucleus thalamus paracentral thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paracentral_nucleus Paracentral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Paracentral_sulcus Sulcus subcentralis medialis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paracentral_sulcus Paracentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Parafascicular_nucleus nuclei parafasciculares thalami nucleus parafascicularis nucleus parafascicularis (Hassler) nucleus parafascicularis thalami parafascicular nucleus (Vogt) parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus parafascicular thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parafascicular_nucleus Parafascicular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parahippocampal_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parahippocampal_area Region of the piriform lobe that includes the entorhinal cortex Parahippocampal area Ontology1255357986125:Parahippocampal_cortex_to_entorhinal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parahippocampal cortex to entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parahippocampal_cortex_to_fusiform_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parahippocampal cortex to fusiform cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parahippocampal_cortex_to_hippocampus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parahippocampal cortex to hippocampus Ontology1255357986125:Parahippocampal_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parahippocampal cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parahippocampal_gyrus hippocampal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parahippocampal_gyrus Component of the temporal lobe on the mesial surface, posterior to the entorhinal cortex. The rostral and caudal boundaries are the posterior end of the netorhinal cortex and the caudal portion of the hippocampus, respectively. The medial boudnary is designated as the medial aspect off the temporal lobe and the lateral boundary is the collateral sulcus. Parahippocampal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Paralaminar_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus paralaminar part mediodorsal thalamic nucleus nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus medialis dorsalis caudalis (Hassler) nucleus medialis dorsalis thalami paralaminar part of dorsomedial nucleus paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus pars multiformis pars paralaminaris ventral mediodorsal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paralaminar_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus Paralaminar part of medial dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paramedian_reticular_nucleus Paramedian reticular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parasolitary_nucleus nucleus juxtasolitarius nucleus fasciculus solitarius http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parasolitary_nucleus Parasolitary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parasubiculum parasubicular area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parasubiculum A transitional zone between the presubiculum and the entorhinal area in the mouse (Paxinos-2001), the rat (Swanson-1998) and the primate (Zilles-1990). Defined on the basis of cytoarchitecture, it is more similar to the presubiculum than to the entorhinal area (Zilles-1990). Parasubiculum Ontology1255357986125:Parasubiculum_to_retrosplenial_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Parasubiculum to retrosplenial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Paratenial_nucleus Paratenial thalamic nucleus parataenial nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paratenial_nucleus Paratenial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Paraterminal_gyrus subcallosal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paraterminal_gyrus Paraterminal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Paraventricular_hypothalamic_region Paraventricular Hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paraventricular_hypothalamic_region Paraventricular hypothalamic region Ontology1255357986125:Paraventricular_nucleus_of_thalamus Paraventricular thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Paraventricular_nucleus_of_thalamus Paraventricular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Parietal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parietal_cortex Gray matter of the parietal region of the neocortex, located in the parietal lobe of gyrencephalic animals. It is continuous anteriorly with the frontal cortex, posteriorly with the occipital cortex and medially with the insular cortex and with the temporal cortex on the posterior/inferior border. Parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parietal_lobe http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parietal_lobe Parietal lobe Ontology1255357986125:Parieto-occipital_sulcus Fissura parieto-occipitalis Sulcus parieto-occipitalis Sulcus parieto-occipitalis medialis Sulcus parietoccipitalis Sulcus parietooccipitalis parieto-occipital fissure parieto-occipital incisure parietooccipital sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parieto-occipital_sulcus Parieto-occipital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Pars_nervosa_of_hypophysis Pars nervosa of hypophysis Pars nervosa of posterior lobe of pituitary gland Pars nervosa pituitary gland posterior pituitary http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pars_nervosa_of_hypophysis Pars nervosa of hypophysis Ontology1255357986125:Pars_postrema_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus posterodorsal part of ventral lateral posterior nucleus (Jones) nucleus lateralis intermedius mediodorsalis situs postremus nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami pars postrema ventral lateral nucleus (pars postrema) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pars_postrema_of_ventral_lateral_nucleus Pars postrema of ventral lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Pars_triangularis_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Pars triangularis cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Pars_triangularis_cortex_to_parsopercularis_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Pars triangularis cortex to parsopercularis cortex Ontology1255357986125:Pars_triangularis_cortex_to_rostral_anterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Pars triangularis cortex to rostral anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parsopercularis_cortex_to_caudal_middle_frontal_cortex Homno sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parsopercularis cortex to caudal middle frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parsopercularis_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parsopercularis cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parsopercularis_cortex_to_precentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parsopercularis cortex to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parsorbitalis_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parsorbitalis cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parsorbitalis_cortex_to_lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Parsorbitalis cortex to lateral orbitofrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Parvicellular_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus dorsomedial thalamic nucleus lateral mediodorsal nucleus mediodorsal thalamic nucleus nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus medialis dorsalis fasciculosis (Hassler) nucleus medialis dorsalis nucleus fasciculosis (Hassler) pars fasciculosa pars parvicellularis parvicellular part parvicellular part of dorsomedial nucleus parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parvicellular_part_of_medial_dorsal_nucleus Parvicellular part of medial dorsal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parvicellular_part_of_ventral_anterior_nucleus nucleus ventralis anterior nucleus ventralis anterior (DeWulf) pars parvicellularis parvicellular part ventral anterior thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parvicellular_part_of_ventral_anterior_nucleus Parvicellular part of ventral anterior nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parvicellular_part_of_ventral_posteromedial_nucleus gustatory nucleus (thalamus) gustatory thalamic nucleus nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami pars parvicellularis parvicellular part ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parvicellular_part_of_ventral_posteromedial_nucleus Parvicellular part of ventral posteromedial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parvocellular_oculomotor_nucleus Edinger-Westphal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parvocellular_oculomotor_nucleus Nucleus that is part of the oculomotor nerve complex consisting of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons situated close to the midline at the level of the superior colliculus (Heimer, the Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 1994, pg 244) Parvocellular oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Parvocellular_part_of_red_nucleus Parvocellular red nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Parvocellular_part_of_red_nucleus Parvocellular part of red nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Pdf_neuron_of_abdominal_neuromere http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pdf_neuron_of_abdominal_neuromere Pdf positive neuron whose soma is located in the cortex of the fused adult abdominal ganglia. There are 4-6 of these, all of which project posteriorly, fasciculating with the abdominal nerve trunk. Pdf neuron of abdominal neuromere Ontology1255357986125:Pectin_Glial_Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pectin_Glial_Cell A specialized glial cell in the pectin oculi of avians, located at the interface between the optic nerve head and the vitreous body. These cells produce pectin. Pectin glial cell Ontology1255357986125:Pedunculopontine_tegmental_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pedunculopontine_tegmental_nucleus A cell group originally defined by Jacobsohn in 1909 in humans, consisting of large, darkly staining neurons adjacent to the superior cerebellar peduncle at the midbrain-pontine junction. In 1983, Armstrong et al. recognized that these neurons in rats are cholinergic, and closely related to a second cluster of cholinergic cells in the adjacent laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. In 1987, Rye et al. defined this cell group in rats, gave references to the earlier literature, and demonstrated that it is NOT the target of the descending pallidal projection, but rather next to a region, the Midbrain Extrapyramidal Area (MEA) that does receive this input. Some modern definitions include many non-cholinergic cells that are interspersed among the cholinergic neurons within the "PPT," but those other cell groups often extend beyond the borders of the cholinergic one, have never been characterized, and many are probably unrelated to it (or have quite different functions). Hence, for this definition, we are restricting the use to the cholinergic cell group, which was originally given this name by Jacobsohn. Pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Perforated_synapse http://brainbits.tiddlyspace.com/perforated%20synapse Synapses with holes, i.e. enclosing regions of cell membrane devoid of the synaptic specializations. Perforated synapse Ontology1255357986125:Periamygdaloid_area cortical amygdaloid nucleus periamygdaloid cortex periamygdaloid region semilunar gyrus ventral cortical nucleus of amygdala http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Periamygdaloid_area Periamygdaloid area Ontology1255357986125:Periamygdaloid_cortex periamygdaloid area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Periamygdaloid_cortex Is located ventral to the basal nucleus and has three subdivisions: the periamygdaloid cortex, the medial division, and the sulcal division. Periamygdaloid cortex Ontology1255357986125:Periaqueductal_gray periaqueductal grey Central gray Central grey substance of midbrain Griseum centrale Substantia grisea centralis periaqueductal gray periaqueductal gray matter periaqueductal grey matter http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Periaqueductal_gray Periaqueductal gray Ontology1255357986125:Pericalcarine_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pericalcarine_cortex Pericalcarine cortex Ontology1255357986125:Pericalcarine_cortex_to_cuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Pericalcarine cortex to cuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Pericalcarine_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Pericalcarine cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Pericalcarine_cortex_to_lingual_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Pericalcarine cortex to lingual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Pericallosal_sulcus S of corpus callosum The Human Brain Surface, Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply Duvernoy, Henri M. 2nd, completely rev. and enlarged ed. 1999, VII, 496 p. Pericallosal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Pericentral_nucleus_of_inferior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pericentral_nucleus_of_inferior_colliculus Pericentral nucleus of inferior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Perineuronal_Oligodendrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Perineuronal_Oligodendrocyte : Oligodendrocyte found in gray matter in close association with neurons (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Perineural oligodendrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Periolivary_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Periolivary_nucleus Periolivary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Peripeduncular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Peripeduncular_nucleus Peripeduncular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Perirhinal_cortex Perirhinal area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Perirhinal_cortex Region of cortex near to the rhinal sulcus. It is defined differently in different nomenclatures, due in part to the lack of agreement on the definition of the border of this region. In the rat, the perirhinal cortex occupies only caudal levels of the rhinal sulcus while in the monkey, it occurpies the full rostrocaudal extent of the rhinal sulcus (Burwell et al., Hippocampus, 5: 390-408, 1995). Perirhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Perirhinal_cortex_to_entorhinal_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Perirhinal cortex to entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Perirhinal_cortex_to_retrosplenial_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Perirhinal cortex to retrosplenial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Peritrigeminal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Peritrigeminal_nucleus Peritrigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Perivascular_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Perivascular_Astrocyte Astrocytes that are virtually devoid of neuron contacting processes that form extensive endfoot contacts to blood vessels. They have been found in rabbit and human retina but also occur elsewhere in the brain. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Perivascular astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Perivascular_cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Juxtavascular Unlike the other types of microglia mentioned above, "perivascular" microglia refers to the location of the cell rather than its form/function. Perivascular microglia are mainly found encased within the walls of the basal lamina. They perform normal microglial functions, but unlike normal microglia they are replaced by bone marrow derived precursor cells on a regular basis and express MHC class II antigens regardless of the outside environment. Perivascular microglia also react strongly to macrophage differentiation antigens.[3] These microglia have been shown to be essential to repair of vascular walls, as shown by Ritter's experiments and observations on ischemic retinopathy. Perivascular microglia promote endothelial cell proliferation allowing new vessels to be formed and damaged vessels to be repaired. During repair and development, myeloid recruitment and differentiation into microglial cells is highly accelerated to accomplish these tasks. Perivascular cell Ontology1255357986125:Pigment_Epithelial_Cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pigment_Epithelial_Cell Located in the sub-retinal space, these cells form the sub-retinal blood-brain barrier and contain light-absorbing melanin pigment granules. Pigment epithelial cell Ontology1255357986125:Pineal_body conarium corpus pineale epiphysis epiphysis cerebri pineal gland http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pineal_body A midline, cone like structure located in the dorso-caudal roof of the 3rd ventricle, attached by peduncles to the habenular and posterior commissures. The stalk contains nerve fibers, blood vessels, connective tissue and parenchymal cells. Pineal body Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_frontal_area prepiriform cortex frontal area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_frontal_area Part of the piriform cortex in the frontal lobe lying beneath the olfactory area and the claustum, adjacent to the piriform cortex of the temporal lobe Piriform cortex frontal area Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_1 layer 1 of piriform cortex piriform cortex plexiform layer plexiform layer of piriform cortex pyriform cortex layer 1 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_1 Most superficial of 3 cytoarchitecturally defined layers of the piriform cortex, characterized by few neuronal cell bodies. It has been divided into a superficial part and a deep part. Piriform cortex layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_1a http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_1a Superficial part of plexiform layer (layer 1) of piriform cortex that receives afferents from the olfactory bulb by way of the lateral olfactory tract. Piriform cortex layer 1a Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_1b http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_1b Deeper part of the plexiform (layer 1) of piriform cortex characterized by projection of association fibers from other parts of the piriform cortex and other olfactory areas Piriform cortex layer 1b Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_2 layer 2 of piriform cortex layer II of piriform cortex piriform cortex layer II http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_2 Middle of three cytoarchitecturally defined layers of the piriform cortex characterized by a compact layer of cell bodies. It can be divided into a superficial part and a more densely packed deep part. Piriform cortex layer 2 Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_2a Piriform cortex layer IIa layer 2a of piriform cortex layer IIa of piriform cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_2a Superficial region of layer 2 of the piriform cortex characterized by a less dense packing of cells and a concentration of semilunar cell bodies Piriform cortex layer 2a Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_2b http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_2b Deeper of two subdivisions of piriform layer 2 characterized by more densely packed cell bodies dominated by pyramidal cell bodies. Piriform cortex layer 2b Ontology1255357986125:Piriform_cortex_layer_3 layer 3 of piriform cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Piriform_cortex_layer_3 Deepest of 3 cytoarchitecturally defined layers of the piriform cortex characterized by a moderately high density of pyramidal cells and large numbers of basal dendrites descending from pyramidal cells in layer 2. Piriform cortex layer 3 Ontology1255357986125:Pituicyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pituicyte A pituicyte is a glial cell of the posterior pituitary They generally stain dark purple, and are among the easiest structures to identify in the region (pars nervosa of the posterior pituitary). They are similar to the astrocytes/glial cells of the CNS. Pituicyte Ontology1255357986125:Planum_polare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Planum_polare A portion of the superior temporal gyrus near the temporal pole in the human. Planum polare Ontology1255357986125:Pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pons The part of the central nervous system lying between the medulla oblongata and the mesencephalon, ventral to the cerebellum, and consisting of a pars dorsalis and a pars ventralis. (MeSH) Pons Ontology1255357986125:Pontine_gray_Mossy_Fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pontine_gray_Mossy_Fibers Pontine gray Mossy Fibers Ontology1255357986125:Pontine_nuclear_complex pontine gray pontine nuclei pontine nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pontine_nuclear_complex Nuclei in the basal pons, intermingled among the descending axons from the cortex, that receive neocrotcial input and give rise to many axons that cross the midline to enter the contralateral cerebellum Pontine nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Pontine_raphe_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pontine_raphe_nucleus Pontine raphe nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Pontine_reticular_formation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pontine_reticular_formation Pontine reticular formation Ontology1255357986125:Pontine_tegmentum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pontine_tegmentum Dorsal portion of the pons, containing cranial nervee nuclei, ascending and descending tracts and reticular nuclei. It is continuous with the reticular formation of the medulla Pontine tegmentum Ontology1255357986125:Pontobulbar_nucleus nucleus of circumolivary bundle pontobulbar body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pontobulbar_nucleus Pontobulbar nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Postcentral_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Postcentral cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:Postcentral_cortex_to_precentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Postcentral cortex to precentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Postcentral_cortex_to_supramarginal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Postcentral cortex to supramarginal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Postcentral_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Postcentral_gyrus Postcentral gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Postcentral_sulcus Structure of postcentral sulcus Sulcus postcentralis postcentral fissure of cerebral hemisphere postcentral fissure-1 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Postcentral_sulcus Postcentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Postcommissural_fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Postcommissural_fornix Postcommissural fornix Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_bank_of_the_intraparietal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_bank_of_the_intraparietal_sulcus Posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cingulate_cortex neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_cingulate_cortex Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral and caudal extent were the caudal anterior and the isthmus divisions of the cingulate cortex respectively. The medial and lateral boundaries were the corpus callosum and as the superior frontal gyrus and/or paracentral lobule respectively (Christine Fennema-Notestine). Posterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cingulate_cortex_to_caudal_anterior_cingulate_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Posterior cingulate cortex to caudal anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cingulate_cortex_to_paracentral_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Posterior cingulate cortex to paracentral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cingulate_cortex_to_precuneus_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Posterior cingulate cortex to precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cingulate_cortex_to_superior_frontal_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Posterior cingulate cortex to superior frontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cingulate_gyrus Middle-posterior part of the cingulate gyrus Posterior-dorsal part of the cingulate gyrus Posterior-ventral part of the cingulate gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_cingulate_gyrus Posterior cingulate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_column_of_fornix crus of fornix posterior crus of fornix posterior pillar of fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_column_of_fornix Part of fornix adjacent to the fimbria comprising flattened bands of fibers that extend from the fimbria, running underneath the corpus callosum Posterior column of fornix Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_commissure epithalamic commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_commissure Posterior commissure Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_cortex Posterior cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_half_of_the_main_olfactory_bulb http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_half_of_the_main_olfactory_bulb Posterior half of the main olfactory bulb Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_horn_lateral_ventricle occipital horn posterior horn of the lateral ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_horn_lateral_ventricle Part of the lateral ventricle that extends posteriorly into the occipital lobe. Posterior horn lateral ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_hypothalamic_region Posterior hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_hypothalamic_region Posterior hypothalamic region Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_limitans_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_limitans_nucleus Posterior limitans nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_lobe_of_the_cerebellum cerebrocerebellum Lobus caudalis cerebelli Lobus posterior cerebelli Neocerebellum pontocerebellum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_lobe_of_the_cerebellum Posterior lobe of the cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_median_eminence http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_median_eminence Posterior median eminence Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_middle_temporal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_middle_temporal_sulcus Posterior middle temporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_neocortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_neocortex Posterior neocortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_nuclear_complex nuclei posteriores thalami posterior complex of thalamus posterior nuclear complex of thalamus posterior thalamic nuclear group http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_nuclear_complex Part of thalamus comprising ill defined cellular groups in the caudal thalamus at the meso-diencephalic junction. It is not a homogeneous structure but consists of several distinct cellular groups, including the suprageniculate and limitans nuclei, the magnocellular division of the medial geniculate body, portions of the pulvinar nucleus and an area of mixed cell types intercalated between the ventroposterior nucleus and the nucleus lateral posterior Posterior nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_nucleus_of_hypothalamus posterior hypothalamic area posterior hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Posterior nucleus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_nucleus_of_thalamus nucleus posterior thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_nucleus_of_thalamus Posterior nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_orbital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_orbital_gyrus Posterior orbital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_parahippocampal_gyrus parahippocampal gyrus (Insausti) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_parahippocampal_gyrus Posterior parahippocampal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_parolfactory_sulcus Paraolfactory sulci Set of paraolfactory sulci Sulcus parolfactorius posterior paraolfactory sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_parolfactory_sulcus Posterior parolfactory sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_part_of_anterior_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_part_of_anterior_commissure The main part of the anterior commissure, distinct from the anterior olfactory part, that interconnects the temporal lobes. Posterior part of anterior commissure Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_periventricular_nucleu posterior periventricular hypothalamic nucleus posterior periventricular nucleus of hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_periventricular_nucleus Posterior periventricular nucleu Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_pirifirom_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_pirifirom_cortex Posterior pirifirom cortex Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_segment_of_the_lateral_sulcus www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ Posterior segment of the lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_superior_fIssure Fissura Superior Posterior Superior Posterior Fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_superior_fIssure Fissure between cerebellar lobules VI and VII. Posterior superior fIssure Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_superior_frontal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_superior_frontal_sulcus Posterior superior frontal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_superior_temporal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_superior_temporal_gyrus Posterior superior temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_thalamus Posterior thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_transverse_collateral_sulcus The Human Brain Surface, Three-Dimensional Sectional Anatomy with MRI, and Blood Supply Duvernoy, Henri M. 2nd, completely rev. and enlarged ed. 1999, VII, 496 p. Posterior transverse collateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Posterior_transverse_temporal_gyrus posterior transverse convolution of Heschl http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterior_transverse_temporal_gyrus Posterior transverse temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Posterodorsal_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body nucleus corporis geniculati medialis pars posterodorsalis posterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posterodorsal_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body Posterodorsal nucleus of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Posteroventral_cochlear_nucleus posterior part of anterior cochlear nucleus posterior ventral cochlear nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Posteroventral_cochlear_nucleus Posteroventral cochlear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Postsubiculum Postsubicular cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Postsubiculum Division of subicular cortex characterized by projections from the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus and to a lesser extent the anteroventral nucleus, bordered ventrally and laterally by the presubiculum and dorsally and medially by the retrosplenial granular a cortex.. The border is characterized by an abrupt change in the cyto- and chemoarchitecture Postsubiculum Ontology1255357986125:Postsynaptic_ending Post-synaptic density Postsynaptic density http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/synapses.htm A postsynaptic ending that contains receptor sites for neurotransmitters . Postsynaptic ending Ontology1255357986125:PreBotzinger_complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:PreBotzinger_complex Group of neurons in the ventral medulla, just caudal to the retrofacial nucleus, believed to be involved in respiratory rhythmogenesis PreBotzinger complex Ontology1255357986125:PreBotzinger_complex_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:PreBotzinger_complex_neuron PreBotzinger complex neuron Ontology1255357986125:Precentral_fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Precentral_fissure Fissure between cerebellar lobules I and II Precentral fissure Ontology1255357986125:Precentral_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Precentral_gyrus The precentral gyrus [G_precentral, 29] is located between the central and precentral sulci. A virtual line, anteriorly limiting the precentral gyrus, joined the inferior tip of the superior segment of the precentral sulcus, to the superior tip of its inferior segment. Precentral gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Precentral_operculum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Precentral_operculum The ventrolateral lip of the precentral gyrus, which overlies the insula and is bounded by the lateral fissure Precentral operculum Ontology1255357986125:Precentral_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Precentral_sulcus The precentral sulcus anteriorly parallels the central sulcus and is divided into superior [S_precentral-sup-part, 69] and inferior parts [S_precentral-inf-part, 68], connected at right angles, respectively to the superior and inferior frontal sulci. Precentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Precommissural_fornix http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Precommissural_fornix Part of fornix extending from the body that curves ventrally rostral to the crossing of the anterior commissure ending in the septal nuclei Precommissural fornix Ontology1255357986125:Precuneus_cortex precuneate lobule precuneus quadrate lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Precuneus_cortex Precuneus cortex Ontology1255357986125:Precursor_Cell Progenitor cell blast cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precursor_cell In cytology, a precursor cell, also called a blast cell or simply blast, is a type of partially differentiated, usually unipotent cell that has lost most or all of the stem cell multipotency. Usually precursor cells are cells capable of differentiating into one or two closely related final forms. Sometimes precursor cell is used as an alternative term for multipotent stem cells. Precursor gene Ontology1255357986125:Predorsal_bundle predorsal fasciculus predorsal bundle of Edinger tectospinal fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Predorsal_bundle Predorsal bundle Ontology1255357986125:Prefrontal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Prefrontal_cortex The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. Prefrontal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Premammillary_nucleus Premammillary nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Premammillary_nucleus Premammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Preoccipital_notch incisura parieto-occipitalis Incisura praeoccipitalis Incisura preoccipitalis preoccipital incisura preoccipital notch http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Preoccipital_notch Small indentation on the inferior surface of the cerebral cortex at the border of the occiptal and parietal lobes. It is considered as a landmark because the occipital lobe is located just behind the line that connects that notch with the parietoccipital sulcus. Preoccipital notch Ontology1255357986125:Preolivary_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Preolivary_nucleus Preolivary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Preoptic_area_to_supramamillary_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Preoptic area to supramamillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Prepyriform_area piriform cortex (pre-)piriform cortex lateral olfactory gyrus piriform area piriform cortex (Price) piriform olfactory cortex prepiriform cortex prepyriform cortex pyriform area uncus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Prepyriform_area Prepyriform area Ontology1255357986125:Presubiculum presubiculum (Cajal) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Presubiculum Presubiculum Ontology1255357986125:Presubiculum_to_retrosplenial_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Presubiculum to retrosplenial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Presynaptic_ending pre-synaptic ending http://www.biologymad.com/nervoussystem/synapses.htm A presynaptic ending that contains neurotransmitters, mitochondria and other cell organelles. Presynaptic ending Ontology1255357986125:Presynaptic_ribbon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pre-synaptic_Ribbon Dense plate-like structure lying near and perpendicular to the pre-synaptic junction. Usually associated with pre-synaptic vesicles. Presynaptic ribbon Ontology1255357986125:Pretectum pretectal region http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pretectum Region of brain lying between the midbrain tectum and the thalamus (Sefton and Dreher, in Paxinos, G The rat central nervous system, 1995, pg 859), Situated at the level of poterior commissure and just rostral to the superior colliculus (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1981, pg 542) Pretectum Ontology1255357986125:Primary_fissure Fissura Superior Anterior Fissura Praeculminata Fissura Prima http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_fissure Fissure between cerebellar lobules V and VI. Primary fissure Ontology1255357986125:Primary_motor_cortex primary motor area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_motor_cortex The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. Primary motor cortex Ontology1255357986125:Primary_motor_cortex_layer_1 primary motor cortex lamina 1 Primary motor cortex lamina I http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_motor_cortex_layer_1 Primary motor cortex layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Primary_motor_cortex_layer_5 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_motor_cortex_layer_5 Lamina of primary motor cortex Primary motor cortex layer 5 Ontology1255357986125:Primary_motor_cortex_layer_6 primary motor cortex layer VI primary motor cortex lamina 6 primary motor cortex lamina VI http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_motor_cortex_layer_6 Lamina of primary motor cortex Primary motor cortex layer 6 Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_1 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_1 Primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_4 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_4 Primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 4 Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_5 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_5 Primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 5 Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_6a http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_6a Primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 6a Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_6b http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_6b Primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 6b Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_cortex Primary somatosensory cortex Ontology1255357986125:Primary_somatosensory_cortex_lamina_VI primary somatosensory cortex layer 6 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_cortex_lamina_VI Primary somatosensory cortex lamina VI Ontology1255357986125:Primary_visual_cortex_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Primary visual cortex to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Primary_visual_cortex_to_dorsal_lateral_geniculate_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Primary visual cortex to dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Primary_visual_cortex_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Primary visual cortex to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Primary_visual_cortex_to_secondary_visual_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Primary visual cortex to secondary visual cortex Ontology1255357986125:Principal_olivary_nucleus principal olive http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Principal_olivary_nucleus Principal olivary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Principal_part_of_ventral_posteromedial_nucleus nucleus ventralis posteromedialis pars prinicipalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Principal_part_of_ventral_posteromedial_nucleus Principal part of ventral posteromedial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Principal_pretectal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Principal_pretectal_nucleus Principal pretectal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve main sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Principal_sensory_nucleus_of_trigeminal_nerve Principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve Ontology1255357986125:Principal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Principal_sulcus Principal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Projection connectivity http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Projection Directed anatomical connection from one Region to another. May be 'Related To' an anatomical feature like a Commissure or Nerve Tract or a specific Neuron. Projection Ontology1255357986125:Protoplasmic_Astrocyte GluT Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Protoplasmic_Astrocyte Astrocyte characterized by spongy appearance and many vellous processes; often found in gray matter. Passive Astrocyte Protoplasmic astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Pulvinar nuclei pulvinares pulvinar nucleus pulvinar thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pulvinar A set of nuclei located in the posterior thalamus, that projects to all or nearly all extra-striate visual areas. Pulvinar Ontology1255357986125:Purkinje_cell_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Purkinje_cell_layer_of_cerebellar_cortex A cell layer of the cerebellar cortex, characterized by a single sheet of very large, bottle-shaped Purkinje neurons that are regularly spaced and possess flattened fanlike dendritic arborizations, lying deep to the molecular layer and superficial to the granule cell layer. Purkinje cell layer of cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Putamen nucleus putamen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Putamen Subcortical nucleus of telencephalon , which together with the caudate nucleus, forms the striatum. The putamen lies lateral to the internal capsule and medial to the external medullary lamina, and is separated from the caudate nucleus by the fibers of the internal capsule for most of its length, except at its anterior portion. Putamen Ontology1255357986125:Putamen_to_thalamus 12 Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Putamen to thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Pyramid medullary pyramid pyramis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pyramid White matter structure at the base of the medulla containing the axons of the corticospinal tract Pyramid Ontology1255357986125:Pyramidal_decussation corticospinal decussation decussation of corticospinal tract decussation of pyramidal tract fibers decussation of the pyramidal tract motor decussation pyramidal decussation (Pourfour du Petit) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pyramidal_decussation Part of medulla comprising a white matter structure containing nerve fibers of the pyramidal tract crossing from one side of the brain to the other Pyramidal decussation Ontology1255357986125:Pyramidal_tract corticospinal tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Pyramidal_tract Pyramidal tract Ontology1255357986125:Radial_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Radial_Astrocyte A type of astrocyte with a radial orientation commonly found in spinal cord and brain of lower vertebrates and sometimes in the optic nerve of mammals. One process abuts the pial surface and the other extends through significant thicknesses of neural tissue. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Radial astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Radial_Glial_Cell Radial glial cell radial glia http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Radial_Glial_Cell A transient cell present only in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration (Cell Ontology). Radial glial cell Ontology1255357986125:Ramified_cell http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microglia#Ramified This form of microglial cell is commonly found at strategic locations throughout the entire brain and spinal cord in the absence of foreign material or dying cells. This "resting" form of microglia is composed of long branching processes and a small cellular body. Unlike the ameboid forms of microglia, the cell body of the ramified form remains fairly motionless, while its branches are constantly moving and surveying the surrounding area. The branches are very sensitive to small changes in physiological condition and require very specific culture conditions to observe in vitro. Unlike activated or ameboid microglia, ramified microglia are unable to phagocytose cells and display little or no immunomolecules. This includes the MHC class I/II proteins normally used by macrophages and dendritic cells to present antigens to t-cells, and as a result ramified microglia function extremely poorly as antigen presenters. The purpose of this state is to maintain a constant level of available microglia to detect and fight infection, while maintaining an immunologically silent environment. Ramified cell Ontology1255357986125:Red_nucleus Nucleus ruber http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Red_nucleus Large round nucleus located in the midbrain tegmentum, consisting of a magnocellular and parvicellular portion in most species studied. Red nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_formation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Reticular_formation Reticular formation Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_anterodorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to anterodorsal nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_anteroventral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to anteroventral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_dorsal_lateral_geniculate_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_mediodorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_ventral_anterior_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_ventral_posterior_inferior_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_ventral_posterior_medial_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Reticulospinal_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Reticulospinal_tract Reticulospinal tract Ontology1255357986125:Reticulotegmental_nucleus Nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis reticulotegmental nucleus of pons reticulotegmental pontine nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Reticulotegmental_nucleus Reticulotegmental nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Retina_ganglion_cell Retinal Ganglion Neuron Retinal ganglion cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Retina_ganglion_cell The main principal neuron of the retina, whose axon projects to several sites in the brain: lateral geniculate nucleus on the pathway to visual cortex, superior colliculus and suprachiasmatic nucleus. It receives input from bipolar cells, and has synaptic inputs Retina ganglion cell Ontology1255357986125:Retrochiasmatic_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Retrochiasmatic_area Retrochiasmatic area Ontology1255357986125:Retrorubral_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Retrorubral_area The term retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular nucleus refers to a region of the rat brain caudal and dorsal to the ventral tegmental area. It is one of three parts of the midbrain reticular nucleus; the other two are the magnocellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus and the parvicellular part of the midbrain reticular nucleus (Swanson-2004). BrainInfo distinguishes between the Retrorubral area of the midbrain reticular formation and the retrorubral nucleus. Retrorubral area Ontology1255357986125:Retrosplenial_cortex_to_entorhinal_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Retrosplenial cortex to entorhinal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Retrotrapezoid_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Retrotrapezoid_nucleus Group of cells in the rostral medulla close to the ventral surface, near to the trapezoid body Retrotrapezoid nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Reuniens_nucleus Reuniens thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Reuniens_nucleus Reuniens nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Rhinal_sulcus Fissura rhinalis Sulcus rhinalis rhinal fissuer rhinal fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rhinal_sulcus Rhinal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Rhomboidal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rhomboidal_nucleus Rhomboidal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ribbon_Synapse http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ribbon_Synapse Type of synapse characterized by an electron-dense ribbon, lamella (bar) or spherical body in the presynaptic process cytoplasm. Ribbon Synapse Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_anterior_cingulate_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_anterior_cingulate_cortex Component of the cingulate cortex. The rostral boundary was the first appearance of the cingulate sulcus (inferior to the superior frontal sulcus) whereas the caudal boundary was the first appearance of the genu of the corpus callosum. The medial boundary was the medial aspect of the cortex. The supero-lateral boundary was the superior frontal gyrus whereas the infero-lateral boundary was defined as the medial division of the orbitofrontal gyrus (Christine Fennema-Notestine). Rostral anterior cingulate cortex Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_brain_stem http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_brain_stem Rostral brain stem Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_forebrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_forebrain Rostral forebrain Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_globus_pallidus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_globus_pallidus Rostral globus pallidus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_half_of_the_superior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_half_of_the_superior_colliculus Rostral half of the superior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_hypothalamus Rostral hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_interstitial_nucleus_of_medial_longitudinal_fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_interstitial_nucleus_of_medial_longitudinal_fasciculus Rostral interstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_intralaminar_nuclei nuclei intralaminares rostrales http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_intralaminar_nuclei Rostral intralaminar nuclei Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_linear_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_linear_nucleus Nucleus of the medial ventral tegmental area, originally identified in the rat but also in cat, monkey and human, comprising an average of 7% volume of the VTA across the different species, with the largest being present in the cat Rostral linear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_middle_frontal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_middle_frontal_gyrus Component of the middl frontal gyrus The rostral boundary is the first appearance of the superior frontal sulcus whereas the caudal boundary is the middle frontal gyrus. The medial and lateral boundaries are the superior frontal sulcus and the inferior frontal sulcus respectively Rostral middle frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_migratory_stream http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_migratory_stream Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb. Rostral migratory stream Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_nucleus_of_the_solitary_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_nucleus_of_the_solitary_tract Rostral nucleus of the solitary tract Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_pons Rostral pons Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_pontine_nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_pontine_nuclei Rostral pontine nuclei Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_portion_of_the_medial_accessory_olive neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_portion_of_the_medial_accessory_olive Rostral portion of the medial accessory olive Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_putamen neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_putamen Rostral putamen Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_sulcus Rostral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Rostral_superior_temporal_gyrus anterior superior temporal cortex anterior superior temporal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostral_superior_temporal_gyrus Rostral superior temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Rostrocaudal_axis_of_the_olfactory_bulb http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rostrocaudal_axis_of_the_olfactory_bulb Rostrocaudal axis of the olfactory bulb Ontology1255357986125:Rubrospinal_tract rubrospinal tract (Monakow) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Rubrospinal_tract White matter tract arising in red nucleus and projecting to spinal cord ventral horn Rubrospinal tract Ontology1255357986125:SP1_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:SP1_neuron Bilaterally paired neuron of the embryo / larva. Each(?) abdominal segment contains a pair of SP1 neurons with an axon that crosses the ventral midline as part of the anterior commissure, wraps around the cell body of its contralateral partner and then extends anteriorly as part of the longitudinal connective. During development, these axons pioneer the anterior commissure and longitudinal connectives. SP1 neuron Ontology1255357986125:Sagulum_nucleus nucleus sagulum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Sagulum_nucleus A collection of principally small and medium-sized cells in the midbrain tegmentum lying at the margin of the midbrain adjacent to the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus Sagulum nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Satellite_Cell_ Satellite glial cells amphicytes mantlecells http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_cell_%28glial%29 Satellite cells (syn: mantlecells or amphicytes), a type of glial cell, line the exterior surface of neurons in the peripheral nervous system. Satellite cells also surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia. They are thought to have a similar role to astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They supply nutrients to the surrounding neurons and also have some structural function. Satellite cells also act as protective, cushioning cells. Satellite cell Ontology1255357986125:Schaffer_collateral_synapse SC synapse Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse http://www.ask.com/wiki/Synapse http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0896627313000871/1-s2.0-S0896627313000871-main.pdf?_tid=c05f534c-3d95-11e4-a8fa-00000aab0f02&acdnat=1410867591_7d6fe9c96d4f94dedc2dce3713f37248 Schaffer collateral synapse Ontology1255357986125:Schwann_Cell neurolemmocytes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwann_cell Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial cells function to support neurons and in the PNS, also include satellite cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, enteric glia and glia that reside at sensory nerve endings, such as the Pacinian corpuscle. Myelinating Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath. Schwann cell Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_claustrum Macaca mulatt brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_cortical_area_3b Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to cortical area 3b Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_dorsal_horn Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to dorsal horn Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_mediodorsal_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to mediodorsal nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macac mulatta brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_ventral_posterior_inferior_nucleus_of_thalamus Moderate Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex_to_ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex to ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Secondary_visual_cortex_to_claustrum Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Secondary visual cortex to claustrum Ontology1255357986125:Secondary_visual_cortex_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Secondary visual cortex to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Secondary_visual_cortex_to_retrosplenial_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Secondary visual cortex to retrosplenial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Septal_nuclear_complex Septal nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Septal_nuclear_complex Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure Septal nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Septal_pellucidum Medial septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Septal_pellucidum A triangular double membrane, consisting of glial cells and fibers (Heimer, 1996) separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is situated in the median plane and bounded by the corpus callosum and the body and columns of the fornix. Septal pellucidum Ontology1255357986125:Septofimbrial_nucleus nucleus septofibrialis scattered nucleus of the septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Septofimbrial_nucleus Septofimbrial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Septohippocampal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Septohippocampal_nucleus Part of septal nuclear complex. In the human, it refers to the most caudal of scattered clusters of neurons in the septum pellucidum that extend, on the underside of the corpus callosum, from the level of the medial septal nucleus to the CA fields ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat it is associated with the lateral septal nucleus throughout its rostro-caudal course toward the CA field Septohippocampal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Septum Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum (in some species) and the septal nuclei (Heimer, 1996). Septum Ontology1255357986125:Septum_pellucidum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Septum_pellucidum A thin membrane located at the midline of the brain in the forebrain in primates. Septum pellucidum Ontology1255357986125:Serotonergic_cell_group_B7 B7 serotonin group B7 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Serotonergic_cell_group_B7 A group of cells that stain for serotonin located in the central gray of the pons and midbrain Serotonergic cell group B7 Ontology1255357986125:Serotonergic_cell_group_B8 serotonergic group B8 B8 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Serotonergic_cell_group_B8 A group of cells containing serotonin located in the dorsal part of the superior central nucleus and adjacent structures of the pontine reticular formation of the rodent throughout the midline raphe nuclei, originally described by Dahlstrom and Fuxe (1964) using the histochemical fluorescence method developed by Falck and Hillarp. This group has also been identified in the primate. Serotonergic cell group B8 Ontology1255357986125:Serotonergic_cell_group_B9 B9 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Serotonergic_cell_group_B9 A group of cells that fluoresce for serotonin that is located in the pontine tegmentum, ventral to serotonergic group B8. In the nonhuman primate they are found in the ventral part of the superior central nucleus and adjacent structures ( Felten-1983 ). In the rodent they have a more lateral location within the medial lemniscus of the pons and dorsal and medial to it ( Dahlstrom-1964, Paxinos-2001 ) and extends into the midbrain (Halliday et al., in Paxinos, the Rat Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, 1994, pg 931). Adapted from Brain Info Serotonergic cell group B9 Ontology1255357986125:Shell_of_nucleus_accumbens Nucleus accumbens shell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Shell_of_nucleus_accumbens Crescent shaped outer zone of the nucleus accumbens, defined by a combination of chemoarchitecture and afferent and efferent connections. The shell is distinguished from the more centrally located core through the notable reduction in staining for the calcium-binding protein calbindin D28K, which is dense in the core and virtually absent in the shell. Shell of nucleus accumbens Ontology1255357986125:Short_insular_gyrus short insular gyri www.thehumanbrain.info Short insular gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_nucleus nucleus solitarius Nucleus solitary tract nucleus of the solitary tract nucleus of the tractus solitarius http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Solitary_nucleus Solitary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_nucleus_to_dorsal_medullary_raphe Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Solitary nucleus to dorsal medullary raphe Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_nucleus_to_dorsomedial_zone_of_caudal_part_of_spinal_trigeminal_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Solitary nucleus to dorsomedial zone of caudal part of spinal trigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_nucleus_to_gigantocellular_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Solitary nucleus to gigantocellular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_nucleus_to_intermediate_reticular_zone Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Solitary nucleus to intermediate reticular zone Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Solitary_tract Solitary tract Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_tract_nucleus_HSD2_neuron HSD2 cell HSD2 neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Solitary_tract_nucleus_HSD2_neuron A subgroup of neurons in NTS that express glucocorticoid to inactivating enzyme 11 to beta to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2), a signature of aldosterone to sensitive tissues. Similar neurons are found in other brain regions. The NTS population may represent a unique phenotype. Solitary tract nucleus HSD2 neuron Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_tract_nucleus_intrinsic_cell Nucleus of the solitary tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Solitary_tract_nucleus_intrinsic_cell Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell Ontology1255357986125:Solitary_tract_nucleus_principal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Solitary_tract_nucleus_principal_cell Solitary tract nucleus principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinal_trigeminal_nucleus Nucleus extending from the upper spinal cord through the pontine tegmentum that receives sensory inputs from the trigeminal nerve. It is continuous caudally with the dorsal gray matter of the spinal cord. Spinal trigeminal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Spinal_trigeminal_tract_of_medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinal_trigeminal_tract_of_medulla Part of spinal trigeminal tract located in the medulla Spinal trigeminal tract of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Spinal_trigeminal_tract_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinal_trigeminal_tract_of_pons Spinal trigeminal tract of pons Ontology1255357986125:Spino-olivary_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spino-olivary_tract Spino-olivary tract Ontology1255357986125:Spinocerebellar_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinocerebellar_tract Nerve tract that conveys interoceptive, proprioceptive, and exteroceptive information from the body's internal organs, and from the trunk, extremities, and neck region to the Cerebellum. Spinocerebellar tract Ontology1255357986125:Spinocerebellar_tract_cell Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinocerebellar_tract_cell Spinocerebellar tract cell Ontology1255357986125:Spinothalamic_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinothalamic_tract A tract that originates from neurons in the spinal central gray and projects to various somatosensory nuclei of the thalamus. It is formed in the medulla by merger of the anterior spinothalamic tract and lateral spinothalamic tract Spinothalamic tract Ontology1255357986125:Spinothalamic_tract_of_medulla http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinothalamic_tract_of_medulla Spinothalamic tract of medulla Ontology1255357986125:Spinothalamic_tract_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinothalamic_tract_of_midbrain Spinothalamic tract of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Spinothalamic_tract_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spinothalamic_tract_of_pons Part of spinothalamic tract that is in the pontine tegmentum Spinothalamic tract of pons Ontology1255357986125:Spur_of_arcuate_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Spur_of_arcuate_sulcus Spur of arcuate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Stratum_zonale_of_thalamus Stratum zonale thalami http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Stratum_zonale_of_thalamus Stratum zonale of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Stria_medullaris stria habenularis stria medullaris (Wenzel - Wenzel) stria medullaris of thalamus stria medullaris thalami stria medullaris thalamica http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Stria_medullaris White matter pathway located in the superior wall of the third ventricle along the dorsal-medial margin of the diencephalon; contains axons that interconnect the anterior hypothalamus and septal nuclei in the medial basal forebrain with the habenula, a component of the epithalamus. Stria medullaris Ontology1255357986125:Stria_terminalis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Stria_terminalis White matter structure in the brain consisting of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. The stria terminalis covers the thalamostriate vein, marking a line of separation between the thalamus and the caudate nucleus as seen upon gross dissection of the ventricles of the brain, viewed from the superior aspect. The stria terminalis extends from the region of the interventricular foramen to the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle, carrying fibers from the amygdala to the septal, hypothalamic, and thalamic areas of the brain. It also carries fibers projecting from these areas back to the amygdala. Stria terminalis Ontology1255357986125:Striatal_cell_bridges http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striatal_cell_bridges Thin fingers of striatal matter seen within the fibers of the internal capsule running between the caudate nucleus and the putamen. Striatal cell bridges Ontology1255357986125:Striatum dorsal striatum caudate putamen neostriatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striatum Externally Sourced Definition: A region of the brain consisting of the phylogenetically newer part of the Corpus_striatum (Caudate_nucleus and Putamen). Striatum Ontology1255357986125:Striosomal_compartment_of_neostriatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosomal_compartment_of_neostriatum Striosomal compartment of neostriatum Ontology1255357986125:Striosomal_part_of_body_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosomal_part_of_body_of_caudate_nucleus Striosomal part of body of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Striosomal_part_of_caudate_nucleus striosomal compartment of caudate nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosomal_part_of_caudate_nucleus Striosomal part of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Striosomal_part_of_head_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosomal_part_of_head_of_caudate_nucleus Striosomal part of head of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Striosomal_part_of_putamen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosomal_part_of_putamen Striosomal part of putamen Ontology1255357986125:Striosomal_part_of_tail_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosomal_part_of_tail_of_caudate_nucleus Striosomal part of tail of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Striosome Striosomal compartment patch compartment http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Striosome One of two compartments identified in the neostriatum, particularly the caudate nucleus, on the basis of differential staining for several biochemical markers such as acetylcholinesterase and calbindin. In individual sections, the striosomes appear as small patches of differentially high or low staining activity. In three dimensions, they form a 3D labyrinth extending throughout the caudate nucleus and in the putamen. Striosome Ontology1255357986125:Sub-ependymal_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Sub-ependymal_Astrocyte Large astrocyte that forms a layer that lies beneath the ependymal layer. Sub-ependymal astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Subbrachial_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subbrachial_nucleus A group of cells ventral to the nucleus of brachium of inferior colliculus in the mouse (Paxinos-2001). Subbrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Subcallosal_area adolfactory area parolfactory area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subcallosal_area Subcallosal area Ontology1255357986125:Subcentral_gyrus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ the subcentral gyrus (or central operculum), limited by the anterior and posterior subcentral sulci [G_and_S_subcentral, 4] is located at the lateral aspect of the hemisphere where it turns around the inferior tip of the central sulcus. Subcentral gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Subcommissural_organ http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subcommissural_organ Subcommissural organ Ontology1255357986125:Subcuneiform_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subcuneiform_nucleus Subcuneiform nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Subfascicular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subfascicular_nucleus Subfascicular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Subicular_complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subicular_complex A composite structure of the temporal lobe that includes the subiculum, the presubiculum and the parasubicular area (Amaral-90) Subicular complex Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum Subicular cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum Part of the hippocampal formation that is bounded by the entorhinal cortex and area CA1. It is characterized on the CA1 border by an abrupt widening of the pyramidal cell layer. A molecular layer is present that is continuous with that of CA1, although the stratum radiatum is no longer present. The stratum oriens is also not present. Subiculum Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_alveus alveus of subiculum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_alveus Subiculum alveus Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_molecular_layer molecular layer of subiculum subiculum stratum moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_molecular_layer Layer of the subiculum characterized by a paucity of cells lying superficial to the subiculum pyramidal cell layer. It is continuous with the stratum radiaum and stratum moleculare-lacunosum of CA1. Subiculum molecular layer Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_molecular_layer_inner inner layer of subiculum molecular layer Inner subiculum stratum moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_molecular_layer_inner Subiculum molecular layer inner Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_molecular_layer_outer outer layer of subiculum molecular layer outer subiculum stratum moleculare http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_molecular_layer_outer Subiculum molecular layer outer Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell Subiculum pyramidal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell Pyramidal neuron whose cell body is located in the subiculum Subiculum pyramidal cell Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell_layer Subiculum stratum pyramidale http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell_layer Layer of the subiculum cotnatining relatively densely packed pyramidal cells that is continuous with the pyramidal cell layer of CA1 but widens considerably compared to that in CA1. Subiculum pyramidal cell layer Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell_layer_deep deep subiculum pyramidal cell layer deep subiculum stratum pyramidale http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell_layer_deep Subiculum pyramidal cell layer deep Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell_layer_superficial Superficial subiculum stratum pyramidale superficial pyramidal cell layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subiculum_pyramidal_cell_layer_superficial Subiculum pyramidal cell layer superficial Ontology1255357986125:Subiculum_to_retrosplenial_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Subiculum to retrosplenial cortex Ontology1255357986125:Sublentiform_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Sublentiform_nucleus Sublentiform nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Sublingual_nucleus nucleus of Roller http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Sublingual_nucleus Sublingual nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Submedial_nucleus gelatinosus thalamic nucleus nucleus submedius thalami submedial nucleus of thalamus submedial nucleus thalamus submedial thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Submedial_nucleus Thalamic nucleus separated from the ventromedial part of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus by the internal medullary lamina Submedial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Suborbital_sulcus sulcus rostrales supraorbital sulcus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ suborbital sulcus (or sulcus rostrales or supraorbital sulcus) [S_suborbital, 70] is a small sulcus parallel to the anterior part of the cingulate sulcus, running towards the frontal pole. It is sometimes paralleled by an inconstant smaller dorsal groove that may be called superior suborbital sulcus. Suborbital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Subparietal_sulcus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ The subparietal sulcus [S_subparietal, 74] posteriorly continues the curve of the cingulate sulcus around the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus. It gives rise to one or several branches directed superiorly that run in the precuneus. On the pial view, this pattern often gives the subparietal sulcus an inverted “T” or “Y” shape. Subparietal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_innominata http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_innominata A predominantly gray matter structure of the basal telencephalon defined on the basis of Nissl stain. Caudal to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the globus pallidus and dorsal to the amygdala. Rostral to the anterior commissure it lies deep to the striatum. The more rostral portion contains the basal forebrain nucleus ( Anthoney-1994 ). In the late twentieth century the region containing the substantia innominata was resegmented on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity to constitute the striatopallidal system ( Heimer-1995 ). In this scheme the caudal portion of substantia innominata is located largely in the ventral pallidum and the rostral portion in the ventral striatum. (from Brain Info) Substantia innominata Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra Predominantly gray matter midbrain structure lying dorsal to the crus cerebri and ventral to the midbrain tegmentum. It is divided into a dorsal, cellularly compact region known as the pars compacta and a more ventrally located, containing more loosely packed cells, the pars reticulata. The most lateral region of the reticulata is identified as the pars lateralis Substantia nigra Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta pars compacta Substantia nigra compact part Substantia nigra compacta http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of a densely packed region of cells, more or less dorsal to the pars reticulata, but extending into the pars reticulata in some species. The dominant neurotransmitter used by pars compacta neurons is dopamine. Pars compacta neurons are pigmented in many species Substantia nigra pars compacta Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta_dopaminergic_cell Nigral dopaminergic cell substantia nigra dopaminergic cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra_pars_compacta_dopaminergic_cell Principal neuron of the substantia nigra pars compacta Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra_pars_lateralis pars lateralis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra_pars_lateralis Part of the pars reticulata of substantia nigra. It is the lateral, 'most fibrous' part (Poirier-83), which is regarded to be the phylogenetically oldest part of the substantia nigra and the only part found in nonmammalian vertebrates Substantia nigra pars lateralis Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata Substantia nigra reticulata pars reticulata http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter Substantia nigra pars reticulata Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata_interneuron_GABA Pars reticulata Gaba interneuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA neuron substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata_interneuron_GABA Substantia nigra pars reticulata interneuron GABA Ontology1255357986125:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata_principal_cell Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Substantia_nigra_pars_reticulata_principal_cell Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Subthalamic_nucleus Corpus Luysi Corpus hypothalamicum Corpus subthalamicum Nucleus subthalamicus body of Forel body of Luys nucleus of Luys subthalamic nucleus subthalamic nucleus (of Luys) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subthalamic_nucleus The subthalamic nucleus is a small lens-shaped nucleus in the brain where it is from the functional point of view part of the basal ganglia system. Anatomically, it is the major part of subthalamus. As suggested by its name, the subthalamic nucleus is located ventral to the thalamus. It is also dorsal to the substantia nigra and medial to the internal capsule. It was first described by Jules Bernard Luys in 1865,[1] and the term corpus Luysi or Luys' body is still sometimes used. Subthalamic nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Subthalamic_nucleus_principal_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subthalamic_nucleus_principal_cell Subthalamic nucleus principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Subthalamus ventral thalamus subthalamic region thalamus ventrali http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subthalamus Subthalamus Ontology1255357986125:Subventricular_Zone subependymal zone http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Subventricular_Zone The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of two sources of adult-born neurons in the mammalian brain, the other being the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. In most adult mammals, the SVZ is a three-layered sheath that lies along the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle and consists of type A, B, and C cells. Type A rest along the ventricle wall and are neuronal precursor cells, Type B are adjacent astrocytes, and Type C are immature precursors to the Type A neuroblasts. The neuronal precursor cells travel along the rostral migratory stream ensheathed in a tube of Type B astrocytes, until they reach the olfactory bulb. There they integrate into the existing cellular network and mature into local interneurons. While the majority become adult-born granule cells, a subset become periglomerular cells. Interestingly, the human SVZ differs from other mammals' in several ways. It consists of four layers rather than three: ependymal cells (layer I), a hypo cellular gap (layer II), a ribbon of astrocytes (layer III), and a transitional zone (layer IV). The astrocytes are capable of differentiating into many kinds of tissue including new neurons. However, there is no evidence that the proliferating neurons travel along the rostral migratory stream in a chain to populate the olfactory bulb with new interneurons, as is the case for other mammals. Subventricular Zone Ontology1255357986125:Suclus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Sulcus Indentation on the surface of the brain or spinal cord that forms a recognizable landmark, e.g., central sulcus, sulcus limitans Suclus Ontology1255357986125:Sulcus_intermedius_primus Sulcus intermedius primus (of Jensen) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ Sulcus intermedius primus Ontology1255357986125:Sulcus_limitans Limiting sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Sulcus_limitans Sulcus limitans Ontology1255357986125:Superior_antennal_lobe_commissure inter-antennal lobe tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_antennal_lobe_commissure Superior antennal lobe commissure Ontology1255357986125:Superior_calcarine_sulcus superior ramus of calcarine fissure Sulcus calcarinus superior upper calcarine sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_calcarine_sulcus Superior calcarine sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_central_nucleus nucleus centralis superior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_central_nucleus A large cell serotonergic raphe nucleus in the upper pons and lower mesencephalon that is part of the reticular formation Superior central nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle brachium conjunctivum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle A composite structure of the brain stem, which in NeuroNames is subdivided into the superior cerebellar peduncle of pons, the decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle and the superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain Superior cerebellar peduncle Ontology1255357986125:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle_of_midbrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle_of_midbrain Regional part of superior cerebellar peduncle, located in the midbrain, consisting of a large bundle of fibers largely projecting from the deep cerebellar nuclei to the midbrain and thalamus. It is continuous with the superior cerebellar peduncle of the pons. Superior cerebellar peduncle of midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle_of_pons http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_cerebellar_peduncle_of_pons Superior cerebellar peduncle of pons Ontology1255357986125:Superior_circular_sulcus_of_insula www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ Horizontally limiting the insula from the subcentral and inferior frontal gyri. Superior circular sulcus of insula Ontology1255357986125:Superior_colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_colliculus Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames Superior colliculus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_colliculus_stratum_lemnisci stratum lemnisci http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_colliculus_stratum_lemnisci Composite layer of the superior colliculus lying deep to the stratum opticum, that can be further subdivided into fiber and cell rich layers (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 2nd ed., 1981, pg 544 Superior colliculus stratum lemnisci Ontology1255357986125:Superior_colliculus_stratum_opticum stratum opticum superior colliculus optical layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_colliculus_stratum_opticum Fiber rich layer of superior colliculus lying deep to the stratum cinereum and superficial to the stratum lemnisci, containing many optic tract fibers (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 2nd ed., 1981, pg 544 Superior colliculus stratum opticum Ontology1255357986125:Superior_colliculus_stratum_zonale stratum zonale zonal layer of superior colliculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_colliculus_stratum_zonale Most superficial layer of the superior colliculus consisting primarily of thin fibers derived primarily from the occipital cortex (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 2nd 3d, 1981, pg. 544) Superior colliculus stratum zonale Ontology1255357986125:Superior_colliculus_superficial_gray_layer outer gray layer of superior colliculus stratum cinereum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_colliculus_superficial_gray_layer Layer of the superior colliculus, lying just deep to the outermost stratum zonale (Carpenter, A Core Text of Neuroanatomy, 3rd ed., 1985, pg 175) Superior colliculus superficial gray layer Ontology1255357986125:Superior_frontal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_frontal_gyrus The superior frontal gyrus (or F1) [G_front_sup, 16] forms the supero-medial edge of the hemisphere and is thus visible on both lateral and medial views. Superior frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_frontal_sulcus sulcus f1 Sulcus frontalis primus Sulcus frontalis superior superior frontal fissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_frontal_sulcus The superior frontal sulcus [S_front_sup, 54] is a long, often discontinuous sulcus running parallel to the superior edge of the hemisphere, from the superior part of the precentral sulcus towards the frontal pole that it doesn’t reach, being interrupted by the transverse frontopolar gyri and sulci. Superior frontal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_medullary_velum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_medullary_velum Superior medullary velum Ontology1255357986125:Superior_occipital_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_occipital_gyrus Superior occipital gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_olivary_complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_olivary_complex Superior olivary complex Ontology1255357986125:Superior_olive http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_olive Part of the superior olivary complex of nuclei in the caudal pontine tegmentum, situated within the trapezoid body in humans. (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd edition, 1981, pg 617). In many species, it comprises a medial superior olivary nucleus and a lateral superior olivary nucleus Superior olive Ontology1255357986125:Superior_paraolivary_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_paraolivary_nucleus Superior paraolivary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_parietal_cortex superior parietal gyrus superior parietal lobule superior portion of parietal gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_parietal_cortex Superior parietal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Superior_precentral_sulcus superior part of precentral fissure Sulcus praecentralis superior Sulcus precentralis superior precentral dimple http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_precentral_sulcus Superior precentral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_ramus_of_arcuate_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_ramus_of_arcuate_sulcus Superior ramus of arcuate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_rostral_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_rostral_gyrus Superior rostral gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_rostral_sulcus Sulcus rostralis superior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_rostral_sulcus Superior rostral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_salivatory_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_salivatory_nucleus Superior salivatory nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_temporal_gyrus Gyrus temporalis superior http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_temporal_gyrus Superior temporal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_temporal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_temporal_sulcus Superior temporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_transverse_frontopolar_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_transverse_frontopolar_gyrus Superior transverse frontopolar gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Superior_vestibular_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Superior_vestibular_nucleus Superior vestibular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Supracallosal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Supracallosal_gyrus Supracallosal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus_to_anteroventral_periventricular_nucleus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Suprachiasmatic nucleus to anteroventral periventricular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus_to_dorsomedial_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Suprachiasmatic nucleus to dorsomedial nucleus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Suprachiasmatic_nucleus_to_paravetricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Suprachiasmatic nucleus to paravetricular nucleus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Suprageniculate_nucleus nucleus suprageniculatus suprageniculate thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Suprageniculate_nucleus Suprageniculate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Supramamillary_nucleus_to_cornu_ammonis Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Supramamillary nucleus to cornu ammonis Ontology1255357986125:Supramamillary_nucleus_to_dentate_gyrus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Supramamillary nucleus to dentate gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Supramamillary_nucleus_to_medial_septal_nucleus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Supramamillary nucleus to medial septal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Supramammillary_commissure Supramammillary decussation commissure of Forel commissure y postmammillary decussation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Supramammillary_commissure Supramammillary commissure Ontology1255357986125:Supramammillary_nucleus Premammillary nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Supramammillary_nucleus Supramammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Supramarginal_gyrus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Supramarginal_gyrus Supramarginal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Supraopticohypophysial_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Supraopticohypophysial_tract Supraopticohypophysial tract Ontology1255357986125:Supraspinal_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Supraspinal_nucleus Supraspinal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Symmetrical_synapse Gray's Type 2 synapse http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Symmetrical_Chemical_Synapse_Quality http://www.albany.edu/faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch.04feb10,psychopharmacology.html Type of chemical synapse characterized by a thin post-synaptic density relatively equal in density to the pre-synaptic specialization giving the junction a symmetric appearance. This type of synapse is also characterized by flattened or pleiomorphic vesicles in the pre-synaptic terminal when fixed with aldehydes. Symmetrical synapse Ontology1255357986125:Synantocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Synantocyte NG2 cell characterized by a differentiated, stellate appearance that lack expression of most differentiated glial cell-type specific markers. Synantocyte Ontology1255357986125:Synaptic_cleft Synaptic gap http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/synaptic+cleft The microscopic extracellular space at the synapse that separates the membrane of the terminal nerve endings of a presynaptic neuron and the membrane of a postsynaptic cell. Synaptic cleft Ontology1255357986125:Synaptic_component Synaptic component Ontology1255357986125:Synaptic_connectivity Chklovskii, D. B. (2004). Synaptic connectivity and neuronal morphology: two sides of the same coin. Neuron, 43(5), 609-617. A synaptic connection is a connection between any pairs of neurons or multiple neurons. Synaptic connectivity Ontology1255357986125:Tail_of_caudate_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tail_of_caudate_nucleus Narrowest part of the caudate nucleus, roughtly defined as that portion that curves ventrally from the body of the caudate nucleus, following the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle Tail of caudate nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Tanycyte Stretch cells http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tanycyte Specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS. Resemble spongioblasts seen in developing brain. Found in the adult brain in the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, spinal canal and floor of the fourth ventricle. Tanycyte Ontology1255357986125:Tectobulbar_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tectobulbar_tract Tectobulbar tract Ontology1255357986125:Tectopontine_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tectopontine_tract Tectopontine tract Ontology1255357986125:Tectospinal_tract tectospinal pathway http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tectospinal_tract Tectospinal tract Ontology1255357986125:Tegmentum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tegmentum Tegmentum Ontology1255357986125:Telencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Telencephalon The telencephalon is the name for a large region within the brain that is attributed many functions. Many people refer to it as the cerebrum; however, it is technically referred to as the telencephalon. As a more technical definition, the telencephalon refers to the cerebral hemispheres and other, smaller structures within the brain, although the telencephalon is one of the larger divisions (in terms of number). It is the anterior-most embryological division of the brain that develops from the prosencephalon. The telencephalon is composed of the following sub-regions; Limbic system; Cerebral cortex or cortices of the cerebral hemispheres, Basal ganglia, Olfactory bulb. The telencephalon comprises what most people think of as the "brain." It lies on top of the brainstem and is the largest and most well-developed of the five major divisions of the brain. The telencephalon is the newest structure in the phylogenetic sense, with mammals having the largest and most well-developed among all species. It emerges from the prosencephalon, the first of three vesicles that form from the embryonic neural tube Telencephalon Ontology1255357986125:Temporal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Temporal_cortex Gray matter of the temporal region of the neocortex, located in the temporal lobe in gyrencephalic animals Temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Temporal_lobe http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Temporal_lobe Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere. Temporal lobe Ontology1255357986125:Temporal_operculum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Temporal_operculum Part of temporal lobe overlaying the insular cortex Temporal operculum Ontology1255357986125:Temporoparietal_junction http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Temporoparietal_junction an area of the brain that locates at the interception of temporal and parietal cortices (at the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure). Temporoparietal junction Ontology1255357986125:Thalamic_reticular_nucleus Reticular thalamus nucleus nucleus reticularis thalami reticular nucleus reticular nucleus of thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamic_reticular_nucleus Thalamic reticular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Thalamus dorsal thalamus (Anthoney) thalamencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus Subcortical brain region consisting of paired gray matter bodies in the dorsal diencephalon and forming part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle of the brain. The thalamus represents the major portion of the diencephalon and is commonly divided into cellular aggregates known as nuclear groups.(MeSH) Thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Thalamus_reticular_nucleus_cell Thalamic reticular neuron Thalamic reticular nucleus neuron thalamic reticular cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_reticular_nucleus_cell Thalamus reticular nucleus cell Ontology1255357986125:Thalamus_to_cortex_cuneus Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index Thalamus to cortex cuneus Ontology1255357986125:Thalamus_ventroposterior_nucleus_interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_ventroposterior_nucleus_interneuron Thalamus ventroposterior nucleus interneuron Ontology1255357986125:Thalamus_ventroposterior_nucleus_principal_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_ventroposterior_nucleus_principal_neuron Thalamus ventroposterior nucleus principal neuron Ontology1255357986125:Third_ventricle 3rd ventricle http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Third_ventricle Part of the ventricular system of the brain, forming a single large cavity in the midline of the diencephalon; it is continuous with the lateral ventricles through the interventricular foramen and the fourth ventricle through the cerebral aqueduct. (Maryann Martone. It is bounded anteriorly by the lamina terminalis; much of the medial surface is formed by the thalamus and hypothalamus; part of the hypothalamus forms its floor. Third ventricle Ontology1255357986125:Thorny_excrescence http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thorny_excrescence Large complex spine. Each excrescence is formed by a cluster of spine heads (Amaral, 1978) Thorny excrescence Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_frontopolar_gyri_complex transverse frontopolar gyri http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_frontopolar_gyri_complex The transverse frontopolar gyrus or gyri are located between the transverse frontopolar sulci superiorly, and the fronto-marginal sulcus inferiorly. Transverse frontopolar gyri complex Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_occipital_sulcus Sulcus occipitalis transversus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_occipital_sulcus Transverse occipital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_orbital_sulcus Sulcus orbitalis transversus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_orbital_sulcus Transverse orbital sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_parietal_sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_parietal_sulcus The term transverse parietal sulcus (H) refers to a sulcus in the human PARIETAL LOBE that branches dorsally from the intraparietal sulcus (Savel'ev-96). Transverse parietal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_pontine_fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_pontine_fibers Transverse pontine fibers Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_temporal_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_temporal_cortex Transverse temporal cortex Ontology1255357986125:Transverse_temporal_sulcus Heschl's sulcus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Transverse_temporal_sulcus Transverse temporal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Trapezoid_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trapezoid_body Bundles of axons traversing the pontine tegmentum oriented in the mediolateral direction. These fibers are related to the auditory pathway. Nuclei are embedded within these fibers. Trapezoid body Ontology1255357986125:Trapezoid_body_medial_nucleus_principal_cell Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal neuron Principal Cells Medial Nucleus Trapezoid Body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trapezoid_body_medial_nucleus_principal_cell Principal cell of the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body that receives input from the ventral cochlear nucleus at a specialized synaptic ending termed the Calyx of held. Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell Ontology1255357986125:Trapezoid_nuclear_complex trapezoid gray nucleus of the trapezoid body trapezoid nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trapezoid_nuclear_complex Trapezoid nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus pars triangularis gyri frontalis inferioris http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus On the inflated view, a straight line was drawn to virtually continue the ascending direction of the vertical ramus of the lateral sulcus, up to the inferior frontal sulcus. Similarly, a horizontal line anteriorly extended the horizontal ramus of the lateral sulcus towards the inferior frontal sulcus in about half of the hemispheres (R: 7/12; L: 5/12), and towards the lateral orbital sulcus in other cases. The triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus [G_front_inf-Triangul, 14] is located between these two lines. Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus Ontology1255357986125:Triangular_septal_nucleus triangular nucleus septum (Cajal) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Triangular_septal_nucleus Triangular septal nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Trigeminal_nerve_fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trigeminal_nerve_fibers Trigeminal nerve fibers Ontology1255357986125:Trigeminal_nucleus_motor_neuron 5th nerve motor neuron Vth nerve motor neuron trigeminal nucleus motor cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trigeminal_nucleus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve Trigeminal nucleus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Tritocerebral_commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tritocerebral_commissure Tritocerebral commissure Ontology1255357986125:Trochlear_nerve_fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trochlear_nerve_fibers Trochlear nerve fibers Ontology1255357986125:Trochlear_nucleus nucleus of the trochlear nerve http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trochlear_nucleus Nucleus in the midbrain at the level of the inferior colliculus near the midline, containing the motor neurons giving rise to the trochlear nerve, innervating the contralateral superior oblique extraocular muscle of the eye (Brodal, Neurological Anatomy, 3rd ed, 1981, pg. 533 Trochlear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Trochlear_nucleus_motor_neuron 4th nerve motor neuron IVth nerve motor neuron trochlear nucleus motor cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Trochlear_nucleus_motor_neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the trochlear nucleus. Trochlear nucleus motor neuron Ontology1255357986125:Tuber_cinereum tbcn http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuber_cinereum Layer of gray matter in the hypothalamus that also forms part of the floor of the third ventricle and merges anteriorly into the infundibulum. Tuber cinereum Ontology1255357986125:Tuberomammillary_nucleus caudal magnocellular nucleus mammiloinfundibular nucleus tuberomammillary hypothalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuberomammillary_nucleus Tuberomammillary nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_dorsal_part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_dorsal_part Tuberomammillary nucleus dorsal part Ontology1255357986125:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_large_histamine_neuron Tubermammillary histaminergic neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_large_histamine_neuron Large neuron in the tubermammillary nucleus that contains histamine and projects widely to the cerebral cortex. Tuberomammillary nucleus large histamine neuron Ontology1255357986125:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_medium_histamine_neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_medium_histamine_neuron Tuberomammillary nucleus medium histamine neuron Ontology1255357986125:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_ventral_part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuberomammillary_nucleus_ventral_part Tuberomammillary nucleus ventral part Ontology1255357986125:Tufted_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tufted_Astrocyte Yamada, T., Calne, D. B., Akiyama, H., McGeer, E. G., McGeer, P. L. (1993) Further observations on Tau-positive glia in the brains with progressive supranuclear palsy. Acta Neuropathol 85: 308-315. Tufted astrocytes are abundant in PSP and are sometimes present in AD as well. Tau staining extends throughout the cell, including the distal processes. They are found throughout the gray matter of the cortex and in other locations, including the hippocampus. The image below shows two tufted astrocytes in the frontal cortex of a PSP case stained with the antibody Tau 46.1 and counterstained with hematoxylin. Tufted astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Uncinate_fasciculus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Uncinate_fasciculus Pathway arising from the fastigial nucleus to the vestibular nuclei, reticular formation, motor neurons of brainstem and cervical spinal cord (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd ed., 2005, pg 261). Uncinate fasciculus Ontology1255357986125:Vagal_nerve_fiber_bundle tenth cranial nerve fibers central part of vagus nerve vagal nerve fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vagal_nerve_fiber_bundle Vagal nerve fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Velate_Astrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Velate_Astrocyte A protoplasmic astrocyte with extremely thin veil-like (vellous) processes. Velate astrocyte Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_White_Commissure Anterior white commissure http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_White_Commissure Commissure containing myelinated fibers that cross the midline of the spinal cord just below the central canal of the spinal cord (Adapted from Brain Info). Pain and temperature sensory pathways, as well as fibers from the primary motor cortex cross here. Ventral White Commissure Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_acoustic_stria http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_acoustic_stria White matter structure containing fibers arising from neurons in the cochlear nuclear complex Ventral acoustic stria Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_amygdalofugal_projection ventral amygdalofugal pathway http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_amygdalofugal_projection Ventral amygdalofugal projection Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_anterior_nucleus nucleus lateropolaris nucleus ventralis anterior nucleus ventralis anterior thalami nucleus ventralis thalami anterior ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus ventral anterior thalamic nucleus ventroanterior thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_anterior_nucleus Ventral anterior nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_anterior_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_cochlear_nucleus anterior cochlear nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_cochlear_nucleus Ventral cochlear nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_diencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_diencephalon Ventral diencephalon Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_external_arcuate_fiber_bundle ventral external arcuate fibers http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_external_arcuate_fiber_bundle Ventral external arcuate fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_forebrain http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_forebrain Ventral forebrain Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_hypothalamus Ventral hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_intraparietal_area http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_intraparietal_area Ventral intraparietal area Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_lateral_nucleus lateral ventral nucleus of thalamus nucleus ventralis intermedius nucleus ventralis lateralis nucleus ventralis lateralis thalami nucleus ventralis thalami lateralis nucleus ventrolateralis thalami ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus ventral lateral thalamic nuclei ventral lateral thalamic nucleus ventrolateral thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_lateral_nucleus Ventral lateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_cortical_area_4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus to cortical area 4 Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral lateral nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_lateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_lateral_septum Ventral lateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_midbrain Ventral mesencephalic Ventral mesencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_midbrain Ventral midbrain Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_nuclear_group nuclei ventrales thalami ventral group of dorsal thalamus ventral nuclear mass ventral nuclei of thalamus ventral tier thalamic nuclei http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_nuclear_group Mostly gray regional part of the lateral thalamic region, consisting of a large group of nuclei lying between the internal medullary lamina and the internal capsule. It includes the ventral anterior, ventral lateral, and ventral posterior nuclei Ventral nuclear group Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body pars oralis praegeniculatum corpus geniculatum externum corpus geniculatum laterale griseum praegeniculatum lateral geniculate complex lateral geniculate nucleus nucleus accessorius nucleus corporis geniculati lateralis nucleus praegeniculatus nucleus pregeniculatum pars ventralis pregeniculate nucleus ventral lateral geniculate nucleus ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body ventral part ventral part (Kolliker) ventral part of the lateral geniculate complex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_nucleus_of_lateral_geniculate_body Ventral nucleus of lateral geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_nucleus_of_lateral_lemniscus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_nucleus_of_lateral_lemniscus Ventral nucleus of lateral lemniscus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body medial geniculate complex medial geniculate nucleus medial nucleus of medial geniculate complex nucleus corporis geniculati medialis nucleus geniculatus medialis fasciculosus (Hassler) nucleus geniculatus medialis pars ventralis pars ventralis ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body ventral part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_nucleus_of_medial_geniculate_body Ventral nucleus of medial geniculate body Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_nucleus_of_trapezoid_body http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_nucleus_of_trapezoid_body Ventral nucleus of trapezoid body Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_oculomotor_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_oculomotor_nucleus Ventral oculomotor nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_pallidum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_pallidum A composite structure primarily of forebrain with arguable extension into the midbrain. It is part of the striatopallidal system, which is defined on the basis of neurochemistry and connectivity. It includes the portions of the globus pallidus and the substantia innominata located ventral to the anterior commissure; it extends into the anterior perforated substance and, in some respects, pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Its boundary with the dorsal pallidum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance (Heimer-95) Ventral pallidum Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_part_of_the_lateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_part_of_the_lateral_septum Ventral part of the lateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_periaqueductal_gray http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_periaqueductal_gray Ventral periaqueductal gray Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_pons Ventral pontine http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_pons Ventral pons Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_inferior_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_inferior_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus to second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_cortical_area_3b Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus to cortical area 3b Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_cortical_areas_1_and_2 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus to cortical areas 1 and 2 Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_second_somatosensory_area_of_cerebral_cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus to second somatosensory area of cerebral cortex Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_lateral_nucleus_of_thalamus_tocortical_area_3a Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus tocortical area 3a Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_medial_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_cortical_area_3b Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus to cortical area 3b Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_medial_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_cortical_areas_1_and_2 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus to cortical areas 1 and 2 Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_medial_nucleus_of_thalamus_to_reticular_nucleus_of_thalamus Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus to reticular nucleus of thalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_nucleus nucleus ventrales posteriores nucleus ventralis posterior ventral posterior thalamic nucleus ventrobasal complex ventrobasal nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_posterior_nucleus Part of thalamus receiving primary somatic sensory information via the medial lemniscal pathway that projects to the primary somatosensory cortex Ventral posterior nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterior_to_visual_area_V4 Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Ventral posterior to visual area V4 Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posteroinferior_nucleus pars inferior nucleus thalamicus posteromedialis nucleus ventralis posterior inferior thalami ventral posterior inferior nucleus ventral posterior inferior nucleus of thalamus ventroposterior inferior thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_posteroinferior_nucleus Ventral posteroinferior nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis thalami nucleus ventralis posterolateralis nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami nucleus ventralis thalami posterior lateralis posterolateral ventral nucleus of the thalamus ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_posterolateral_nucleus Ventral posterolateral nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus nucleus ventralis posteromedialis arcuate nucleus-3 nucleus arcuatus thalami nucleus semilunaris thalami nucleus ventralis posterior medialis thalami nucleus ventralis posteromedialis thalami nucleus ventrocaudalis anterior internus (Hassler) posteromedial ventral nucleus of the thalamus semilunar nucleus thalamic gustatory nucleus ventral posterior medial nucleus ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus ventral posteromedial nucleus of the thalamus ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus ventroposteromedial nucleus of the thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_posteromedial_nucleus Ventral posteromedial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_putamen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_putamen Ventral putamen Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_striatum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_striatum A composite structure of the telencephalon that is defined in the striatopallidal system by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It includes the nucleus accumbens, the most ventral portions of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, the rostrolateral portion of the anterior perforated substance, the islands of Calleja and a rostral subcommissural portion of substantia innominata. The boundary between the ventral striatum and dorsal striatum is indistinct in sections stained for Nissl substance (Heimer-1995; adapted from Brain Info). Ventral striatum Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_subiculum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_subiculum Ventral subiculum Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_substantia_nigra http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_substantia_nigra Ventral substantia nigra Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_supraoptic_decussation ventral supraoptic commissure (of Meynert) commissure of Gudden http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_supraoptic_decussation Ventral supraoptic decussation Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_tegmental_area ventral tegmental area of Tsai ventromedial mesencephalic tegmentum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_tegmental_area Unpaired midbrain region situated in the ventromedial portion of the reticular formation. The VTA is medial to the substantia nigra and ventral to the red nucleus, and extends caudally from the posterior hypothalamus in the diencephalon. The VTA contains dopamine neurons that project to various limbic and cortical areas and is a critical component of the brain's reward circuitry Ventral tegmental area Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_tegmental_area_dopamine_neuron Ventral tegmental area DA cell VTA dopaminergic neuron ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_tegmental_area_dopamine_neuron Principal neuron of the ventral tegmental area Ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_tegmental_decussation http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_tegmental_decussation Ventral tegmental decussation Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_tegmental_nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_tegmental_nucleus Ventral tegmental nucleus Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_telencephalon http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_telencephalon Ventral telencephalon Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_thalamic http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_thalamic Ventral thalamic Ontology1255357986125:Ventral_trigeminal_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventral_trigeminal_tract Ventral trigeminal tract Ontology1255357986125:Ventrolateral_medulla_oblongata http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventrolateral_medulla_oblongata Ventrolateral medulla oblongata Ontology1255357986125:Ventrolateral_septum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventrolateral_septum Ventrolateral septum Ontology1255357986125:Ventromedial_hypothalamic_region Ventromedial Hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventromedial_hypothalamic_region Ventromedial hypothalamic region Ontology1255357986125:Ventromedial_hypothalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventromedial_hypothalamus Ventromedial hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Ventromedial_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Ventromedial hypothalamus ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus ventromedial nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Ventromedial_nucleus_of_hypothalamus Ventromedial nucleus of hypothalamus Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_I Lingula http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_I Vermic Lobule I Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_II Central Lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_II Vermic Lobule II Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_III Central Lobule http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_III Vermic Lobule III Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_IV Culmen http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_IV Vermic Lobule IV Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_IX Uvula http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_IX Vermic Lobule IX Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_VI Declive http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_VI Vermic Lobule VI Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_VIIA Folium http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_VIIA Vermic Lobule VIIA Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_VIII Pyramis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_VIII Vermic Lobule VIII Ontology1255357986125:Vermic_Lobule_X Nodulus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_X Vermic Lobule X Ontology1255357986125:Vermis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermis A subregion of the cerebellar cortex, consisting of the most medial zone of the cerebellar cortex, stradding the midline. May be continuous with the lateral cerebellar hemispheres in some areas of the cerebellum, e.g., dorsally, or separated by deeper fissures in others (e.g., ventrally) Vermis Ontology1255357986125:Vermis_of_the_flocculonodular_lobe_of_the_cerebellum http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermis_of_the_flocculonodular_lobe_of_the_cerebellum Vermis of the flocculonodular lobe of the cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:Vertical_limb_of_the_diagonal_band http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vertical_limb_of_the_diagonal_band Vertical limb of the diagonal band Ontology1255357986125:Vertical_ramus_of_the_anterior_segment_of_the_lateral_sulcus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ The vertical ramus of the lateral sulcus [Lat_Fis-ant-Vertical, 40] appeared connected to the superior segment of the circular sulcus of the insula in only 2 thirds of the hemispheres (R: 8/12; L: 7/12). Vertical ramus of the anterior segment of the lateral sulcus Ontology1255357986125:Vestibular_nuclear_complex vestibular nuclei vestibular nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vestibular_nuclear_complex Vestibular nuclear complex Ontology1255357986125:Vestibulocerebellar_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vestibulocerebellar_tract White matter tract containing axons arising in the vestibular ganglion primarily projecting to the ipsilateral cerebellum via the inferior cerebellar peduncle (Heimer, L. The Human Brain, 2nd ed., 1995, pg 370). Vestibulocerebellar tract Ontology1255357986125:Vestibulocochlear_nerve_fiber_bundle vestibulocochlear nerve fibers central part of vestibulocochlear nerve cochlear-vestibular nerve statoacoustic nerve fibers vestibular root of vestibulocochlear nerve vestibulocochlear nerve roots http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vestibulocochlear_nerve_fiber_bundle Vestibulocochlear nerve fiber bundle Ontology1255357986125:Vestibulospinal_tract http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vestibulospinal_tract Vestibulospinal tract Ontology1255357986125:Visual_area_1_to_visual_area_2 Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Visual area 1 to visual area 2 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_area_2_to_visual_area_1 Homo sapiens neurolex.org/wiki/Nif-0000-07732 Visual area 2 to visual area 1 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary V1 primary visual cortex striate cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary Region of visual cortex that receives visual input from the eyes through the lateral geniculate nuclei Visual cortex primary Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_1 Primary visual cortex layer 1 primary visual cortex layer I http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_1 Most superficial layer of the primary visual cortex Visual cortex primary layer 1 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_2 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_2 Visual cortex primary layer 2 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_3 primary visual cortex layer 3 primary visual cortex layer III http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_3 Visual cortex primary layer 3 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_4 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_4 Visual cortex primary layer 4 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_5 Primary visual cortex layer 5 primary visual cortex layer V http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_5 Layer 5 of the primary visual cortex Visual cortex primary layer 5 Ontology1255357986125:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_6 Primary visual cortex layer 6 primary visual cortex layer VI http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Visual_cortex_primary_layer_6 Visual cortex primary layer 6 Ontology1255357986125:Waist_area_of_the_parabrachial_nucleus waist part of the parabrachial nucleus waist subnucleus of the parabrachial nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Waist_area_of_the_parabrachial_nucleus Waist area of the parabrachial nucleus Ontology1255357986125:White_laminae_of_cerebellum Laminae albae of cerebellar cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:White_laminae_of_cerebellum The white laminae of cerebellum is subdivision of the cerebellar cortex comprised of myelinated axons lying deep to the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. White laminae of cerebellum Ontology1255357986125:White_matter http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:White_matter Parts of nervous system characterized by high concentrations of myelinated axons, giving a white glossy appearance in gross preparations. White matter Ontology1255357986125:White_matter_of_the_cerebellar_cortex http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:White_matter_of_the_cerebellar_cortex White matter that lies deep to the granular cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. It contains afferents to the cerebellar cortex and axons that run between the cerebellar cortex and the deep cerebellar nuclei. White matter of the cerebellar cortex Ontology1255357986125:Zona_incerta http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Zona_incerta A large, horizontally elongated region of gray matter located in the subthalamus, wedged just below the ventral tier of the thalamus and the subthalamic nucleus. Zona incerta Ontology1255357986125:central_nervous_system http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Central_nervous_system The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system which includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cell layer of the retina. Central nervous system Ontology1255357986125:cortical_area_3a_to_dorsal_horn Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3a to dorsal horn Ontology1255357986125:cortical_area_3b Moderate Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical area 3b to cortical areas 1 and 2 Ontology1255357986125:cortical_areas_1_and_2_to_dorsal_horn Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Cortical areas 1 and 2 to dorsal horn Ontology1255357986125:distal_part_of_hypophysis Pars distalis (hypophysis) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Distal_part_of_hypophysis Distal part of hypophysis Ontology1255357986125:entate_gyrus_hilus hilus of dentate gyrus Hilus Polymorphic layer of dentate gyrus dentate gyrus polymorphic layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Dentate_gyrus_hilus Layer of the dentate gyrus lying deep to the granule cell layer, within the opening of the "C" or "V" formed by the granule cell layer characterized by loosely packed polymorphic cells Dentate gyrus hilus Ontology1255357986125:eocortex_dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_5_calbindin_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_dorsolateral_prefrontal_area_layer_5_calbindin_cell Neocortex dorsolateral prefrontal area layer 5 calbindin cell Ontology1255357986125:ermic_Lobule_VIIB Tuber http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Vermic_Lobule_VIIB Vermic Lobule VIIB Ontology1255357986125:fronto-marginal_sulcus frontomarginal sulcus sulcus of Wernicke www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ The fronto-marginal sulcus (sulcus of Wernicke) runs parallel to the junction between the lateral and ventral aspects of the frontal lobe. Fronto-marginal sulcus Ontology1255357986125:intermediate_part_of_hypophysis Pars intermedia (hypophysis) intermediate lobe of hypophysis intermediate region of hypophysis middle lobe of hypophysis http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Intermediate_part_of_hypophysis Intermediate part of hypophysis Ontology1255357986125:ippocampus_CA1_IS-II_neuron CA1 IS-II cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_IS-II_neuron The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that preferentially innervate other interneurons. The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II cell is VIP+. The soma was reported mainly in stratum radiatum and the border with lacunosum-moleculare, and the dendrites are mostly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The axon innervates mainly CCK/VIP positive basket cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of calretinin by these cells is not known. hippocampus CA1 IS-II neuron Ontology1255357986125:ippocampus_CA1_basket_cell Hippocampal CA1 basket cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_CA1_basket_cell Hippocampus CA1 basket cell Ontology1255357986125:lateral_orbitofrontal_cortex_to_insula_cortex Homo sapiens http://umcd.humanconnectomeproject.org/umcd/default/index lateral orbitofrontal cortex to insula cortex Ontology1255357986125:marginal_part_of_the_cingulate_sulcus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2937159/ Marginal part of the cingulate sulcus [S_cingul-Marginalis, 46] ascends up to the dorsal edge of the hemisphere between the frontal and parietal lobes, and ends just posterior and medial to the superior tip of the central sulcus. Marginal part of the cingulate sulcus Ontology1255357986125:nferior_vestibular_nucleus Descending vestibular nucleus spinal vestibular nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Inferior_vestibular_nucleus Inferior vestibular nucleus Ontology1255357986125:olliculus_superior_type_I_ganglion_cell type I ganglion cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Colliculus_superior_type_I_ganglion_cell olliculus superior type I ganglion cell Ontology1255357986125:rbor_Vitae http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Arbor_Vitae The white matter contained within the cerebellum, lying deep to the granule cell layer in the cerebellar cortex, excluding the parts of the cerebellar peduncles that extend outside of the cerebellum. The deep cerebellar nuclei are embedded within the arbor vitae. Arbor Vitae Ontology1255357986125:tuberal_part_of_hypophysis Pars tuberalis (hypophysis) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Tuberal_part_of_hypophysis Tuberal part of hypophysis pontine micturition center http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Barrington%27s_nucleus collection of cell bodies located in the rostral pons in the brainstem involved in the supraspinal regulation of micturition (urination). The PMC makes connections with other brain centers to control micturition, including the medial frontal cortex, insular cortex, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray (PAG). The PAG in particular acts a relay station for ascending bladder information from the spinal cord and incoming signals from higher brain areas Barrington's nucleus Area postcentralis intermedia Brodmann area 1 Brodmann.1 area 1 of Brodmann-1909 intermediate postcentral Brodmann (1909) area 1 Area frontopolaris Brodmann area 10 Brodmann.10 area 10 of Brodmann-1909 frontoplar http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_10 Brodmann (1909) area 10 Area praefrontalis Brodmann area 11 Brodmann.11 area 11 of Brodmann-1909 prefrontal http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_11 Brodmann (1909) area 11 Area praefrontalis Brodmann area 12 Brodmann.12 area 12 of Brodmann-1909 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_12 Brodmann (1909) area 12 Brodmann.13 area 13 of Brodmann-1909 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_13 Brodmann (1909) area 13 Brodmann.14 area 14 of Brodmann-1909 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_14 Brodmann (1909) area 14 Brodmann.15 area 15 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 15 Brodmann.16 area 16 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 16 Area striata Brodmann area 17 Brodmann.17 area 17 of Brodmann-1909 striate visual cortex Brodmann (1909) area 17 Area parastriata Brodmann area 18 Brodmann.18 area 18 of Brodmann-1909 parastriate Brodmann (1909) area 18 Area peristriata Brodmann area 19 Brodmann.19 area 19 of Brodmann-1909 peristriate Brodmann (1909) area 19 Area postcentralis caudalis Brodmann area 2 Brodmann.2 area 2 of Brodmann-1909 caudal postcentral Brodmann (1909) area 2 Brodmann area 20 Area temporalis inferior Brodmann.20 area 20 of Brodmann-1909 inferior temporal Brodmann (1909) area 20 middle temporal Area temporalis media Brodmann area 21 Brodmann.21 area 21 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 21 Brodmann.22 Area temporalis superior Brodmann area 22 area 22 of Brodmann-1909 superior temporal Brodmann (1909) area 22 Area cingularis posterior ventralis Brodmann area 23 Brodmann.23 area 23 of Brodmann-1909 ventral posterior cingulate Brodmann (1909) area 23 Brodmann.24 Area cingularis anterior ventralis Brodmann area 24 area 24 of Brodmann-1909 ventral anterior cingulate Brodmann (1909) area 24 Area subgenualis Brodmann.25 Brodmann area 25 area 25 of Brodmann-1909 subgenual Brodmann (1909) area 25 Area ectosplenialis Brodmann area 26 Brodmann.26 area 26 of Brodmann-1909 ectosplenial Brodmann (1909) area 26 Area praesubicularis Brodmann area 26 Brodmann.27 area 27 of Brodmann-1909 presubicular Brodmann (1909) area 27 Area entorhinalis Brodmann area 28 Brodmann.28 area 28 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 28 Area retrolimbica granularis Brodmann area 29 Brodmann.29 area 29 of Brodmann-1909 granular retrolimbic Brodmann (1909) area 29 rostral postcentral Area postcentralis oralis Brodmann area 3 Brodmann.3 area 3 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 3 Brodmann.30 Area retrolimbica agranularis Brodmann area 30 agranular retrolimbic area 30 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 30 Brodmann.31 Area cingularis posterior dorsalis Brodmann area 31 area 31 of Brodmann-1909 dorsal posterior cingulate Brodmann (1909) area 31 area 32 of Brodmann-1909 dorsal anterior cingulate Area cingularis anterior dorsalis Brodmann area 32 Brodmann.32 Brodmann (1909) area 32 Area praegenualis Brodmann area 33 area 33 of Brodmann-1909 pregenual Brodmann (1909) area 33 area 34 of Brodmann-1909 Area entorhinalis dorsalis Brodmann area 34 Brodmann.34 dorsal entorhinal Brodmann (1909) area 34 Area perirhinalis Brodmann Area 35 Brodmann area 35 Brodmann.35 area 35 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 35 Area ectorhinalis Brodmann area 36 area 36 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann.36 ectorhinal Brodmann (1909) area 36 Area occipitotemporalis Brodmann area 37 Brodmann.37 area 37 of Brodmann-1909 occipitotemporal Brodmann (1909) area 37 Brodmann.38 temporopolar Area temporopolaris Brodmann area 38 area 38 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 38 Area angularis area 39 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 39 Brodmann.39 angular Brodmann (1909) area 39 Area gigantopyramidalis Brodmann area 4 Brodmann.4, M1 Primary Motor cortex area 4 of Brodmann-1909 gigantopyramidal http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Brodmann_%281909%29_area_4 Brodmann (1909) area 4 Area supramarginalis Brodmann area 40 Brodmann.40 area 40 of Brodmann-1909 supramarginal Brodmann (1909) area 40 Brodmann area 41 anterior transverse temporal Area temporalis transversa anterior Brodmann.41 area 41 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 41 Area temporalis transversa posterior area 42 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann area 42 Brodmann.42 posterior transverse temporal Brodmann (1909) area 42 Brodmann area 43 Area subcentralis Brodmann.43 area 43 of Brodmann-1909 subcentral Brodmann (1909) area 43 area 44 of Brodmann-1909 Area opercularis Brodmann area 44 Brodmann.44 opercular Brodmann (1909) area 44 Brodmann area 45 Area triangularis Brodmann.45 area 45 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 45 Brodmann.46 area 46 of Brodmann-1909 Area frontalis media Brodmann area 46 middle frontal Brodmann (1909) area 46 Brodmann.47 Area orbitalis Brodmann area 47 area 47 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 47 retrosubicular Area retrosubicularis Brodmann area 48 Brodmann (1909) area 48 Area praeparietalis Brodmann area 5 Brodmann.5 area 5 of Brodmann-1909 preparietal Brodmann (1909) area 5 Area parainsularis Brodmann area 52 parainsular Brodmann (1909) area 52 Brodmann area 6 Area frontalis agranularis Brodmann.6 agranular frontal area 6 of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 6 Brodmann area 7 Area parietalis superior Brodmann.7 area 7 of Brodmann-1909 superior parietal Brodmann (1909) area 7 Area frontalis intermedia Brodmann area 8 Brodmann.8 area 8 of Brodmann-1909 intermediate frontal Brodmann (1909) area 8 Brodmann.8a area 8a of Brodmann-1909 Brodmann (1909) area 8a Area frontalis granularis Brodmann area 9 Brodmann.9 area 9 of Brodmann-1909 granular frontal Brodmann (1909) area 9 dorsal2:_Golgi_cell DCN Gabaergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus gabaergic cell deep cerebellar nucleus GABAergic cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28dorsal%29_Golgi_cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) Golgi cell dorsal2:_pyramidal_neuron fusiform cell dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28dorsal%29_pyramidal_neuron Bipolar neuron in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer. Characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the deep layer. The apical dendrites have many branches which are contacted by parallel fibers from granule cells, whereas the basal dendrites have few branches and receive inputs from the auditory nerve. Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) pyramidal neuron dorsal2:_stellate_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28dorsal%29_stellate_cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) stellate cell dorsal2:_unipolar_brush_cell DCN glutamatergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus glutamatergic cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28dorsal%29_unipolar_brush_cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) unipolar brush cell dorsal2:_vertical_cell corn cell tuberculoventral cell vertical cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28dorsal%29_vertical_cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell ventral:_globular_bushy_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28ventral%29_globular_bushy_cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell ventral:_multipolar_D_cell D multipolar cell onset-chopper responses to tones radial stellate type II (Cant, 1981) wide-band inhibitor http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28ventral%29_multipolar_D_cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell ventral:_multipolar_T_cell T stellate cell T multipolar cell planar multipolar http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28ventral%29_multipolar_T_cell Principal cells of the ventral cochlear nucleus are named for having the axon exit the cochlear nucleus through the Trapezoid body. A band of dendrites in an isofrequency lamina receives input from a small number of auditory nerve fibers. Sharp tuning is enhanced by sideband inhibition. The population of T stellate cells encodes the spectra of sounds Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar T cell ventral:_multipolar_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28ventral%29_multipolar_cell Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma. Two subclasses (D and T) are recognzed based on their alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell ventral:_octopus_cell Ventral cochlear nucleus octopus cell octopus cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28ventral%29_octopus_cell Large neuron located in the octopus cell area of the posterior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus (called dorsal tail of the ventral cochlear nucleus by Cajal and nucleus interfascicularis by Lorente de No), whose dendrites emanate from one side of the cell body, giving them a shape reminiscent of an octopus Cochlear nucleus (ventral) octopus cell ventral:_spherical_bushy_cell Bushy cell Bushy neuron ventral cochlear nucleus bushy cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Cochlear_nucleus_%28ventral%29_spherical_bushy_cell Bushy cells in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus have one to four primary dendrites which branch profusely, giving them a "bushy" appearance. They project to the superior olivary nuclei. They carry information that is used to localize sounds in the azimuthal plane. Three types of bushy cells differ in the shapes of their somata and in their patterns of projection. The cell somata of these neurons have been described as "spherical" in the anterior division of the AVCN and "globular" in the posterior division of the AVCN. Large spherical bushy cells project to the medial superior olivary nuclei bilaterally, globular bushy cells project to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. Small spherical bushy cells project to the vicinity of the ipsilateral lateral superior olivary nucleus but it is not yet clear which cells are their targets. Their inputs from the spiral (cochlear) ganglion arise via the end bulbs of Held. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell Heavy Macaca mulatta http://www.brainmaps.org/connectivity2list.php?cmd=reset Cortical area 3a to cortical areas 1 and 2 Accessory facial nucleus dorsal facial nucleus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Facial_%28accessory%29_nucleus A small cluster of neurons dorsal to the facial nucleus in the pontine tegmentum. It has been reported for the human Facial (accessory) nucleus CA:_pyramidal_cell Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Hippocampus_%28CA%29_pyramidal_cell Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell CA1 LM PP cell CA1 LM/R PP cell CA1 lacunosum-moleculare radiatum perforant path associated cell CA1 lacunosum-moleculare radiatum PP neuron is a type of CA1 interneuron which is associated with perforant pathway. The cell bodies of these cells are in stratum radiatum or at the border of stratum radiatum and lacunosum-moleculare. The dendritic field reaches the alveus and covers all layers (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Vida et al. 1998). Hippocampus CA1 LM(R) PP neuron Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Inferior nucleus of pulvinar, lateral division to secondary visual cortex Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Inferior nucleus of pulvinar, medial division to reticular nucleus of thalamus http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_amygdaloid_nucleus,_dorsolateral_part Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_amygdaloid_nucleus,_ventrolateral_part Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lateral_amygdaloid_nucleus,_ventromedial_part Lateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Lissauer%27s_tract_of_medulla Part of Lissauer's tract located in the medulla Lissauer's tract of medulla neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neocortex_primary_visual_layer_5_corticopontine/tectal_pyramidal_cell Pyramidal neuron with soma located predominantly in the upper middle part of layer 5. These neurons have medium to large somas with 5 or 6 primary basal dendrites (4-7 primary basal dendrites) and a single apical dendrite ascending to layer 1. Double labeling experiments show that these cells send collaterals to the pontine nucleus and the superior colliculus. It is possible that all cells sending projections to these regions send collaterals, but the presence of populations of cells sending projections to only the superior colliculus or the pontine nuclei cannot be ruled out Neocortex primary visual layer 5 corticopontine/tectal pyramidal cell Neostriatum_SOM:NOS_cell LTS cell PLTS cell SOM/NOS interneuron neostriatum SOM/NOS interneuron striatal SOM/NOS interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neostriatum_SOM/NOS_cell Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell FS Cell GABA/parvalbumin striatal interneuron fast-spiking interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Neostriatum_gaba/parvalbumin_interneuron A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. The axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) Adapted from The Basal Ganglia, Chapter 9, Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. Neostriatum gaba/parvalbumin interneuron accessory:_external_plexiform_layer external plexiform layer of the AOB http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28accessory%29_external_plexiform_layer Olfactory bulb (accessory) external plexiform layer accessory:_glomerular_layer_cell Glomerular layer cell periglomerular cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28accessory%29_glomerular_layer_cell Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. Equivalent to the periglomerular cell of the main olfactory bulb, but the glomeruli are less clearly differentiated. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory bulb. In The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Olfactory bulb (accessory) glomerular layer cell accessory:_granule_cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28accessory%29_granule_cell The main intrinsic neuron in the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It resembles the granule cell in the main olfactory bulb, including the lack of an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and have synaptic outputs to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. The AOB granule cells are replaced in the adult through ongoing neurogenesis in the subventricular zone Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell accessory:_granule_cell_layer granule cell layer of AOB http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28accessory%29_granule_cell_layer Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell layer accessory:_mitral_cell Mitral cell of the accessory olfactory bulb accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28accessory%29_mitral_cell A principal neuron of the mammalian accessory olfactory bulb. Resembles the mitral cell of the main olfactory bulb, though somewhat smaller and less clearly differentiated. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is characterized by one (occasionally several) primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches where it receives input from the axons of sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ. Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell accessory:_mitral_cell_body_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28accessory%29_mitral_cell_body_layer Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell body layer main:_Blanes_cell Blanes Cell Olfactory bulb (main) deep short axon cell short axon cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_Blanes_cell Large, stellate-shaped short axon cell in the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb. Olfactory bulb (main) Blanes cell main:_adult-born_granule_cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_adult-born_granule_cell The olfactory bulb adult-born granule cell is a cohort of cell that comprise a large fraction of the vertibrate olfactory bulb granule cell layer. These neurons proliferate from from the subventricular zone, migrate through the rostral migratory stream and integrate into the olfactory bulb granule cell layer. Upon arriving in the olfactory bulb granule cell layer they migrate radially outward and mature with morphologies similar to neonate olfactory bulb granule cells. This process continues throughout the adult life of the vertibrate. There is some decline in adult neurogenesis in aged vertebrates and the presence of the subventricular proliferative zone is controversial in humans Olfactory bulb (main) adult-born granule cell main:_granule_cell Granule cell of olfactory bulb Olfactory granule neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_granule_cell The main intrinsic neuron in the vertebrate olfactory bulb. It lacks an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell lateral dendrites, and have synaptic outputs on those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Olfactory bulb (main) granule cell main:_internal_plexiform_layer http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_internal_plexiform_layer Lamina of the main olfactory bulb lying deep to the mitral cell layer and superficial to the granule cell layer. (in Shepherd, The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5, Fig. 5.2, page 167) Olfactory bulb (main) internal plexiform layer main:_internal_plexiform_layer_outer_part http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_internal_plexiform_layer_outer_part Olfactory bulb (main) internal plexiform layer outer part main:_mitral_cell Mitral neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_mitral_cell Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is usually characterized in the mammal by a single primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches which receives input from the axons of olfactory receptor neurons. Axons of the mitral cells project to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Olfactory bulb (main) mitral cell main:_periglomerular_cell Olfactory bulb periglomerular cell Periglomerular neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_periglomerular_cell Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. Occasionally, bitufted PG cells connected to two glomeruli are seen. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region, extending as far as 5-10 glomeruli away. Some PG cells appear to lack axons. Subtypes may be identified based on their biochemical constituents. Olfactory bulb (main) periglomerular cell main:_tufted_cell Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle) http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Olfactory_bulb_%28main%29_tufted_cell_%28middle%29 rincipal neuron located in the outer third of the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Each tufted cell is characterized by usually a single short primary dendrite that traverses the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon terminals. Differentiated from external tufted cells. Axons of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Shepherd, Shen, Greer. Olfactory bulb. In The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Primary_somatosensory_area_barrel_field_layer_2/3 Primary somatosensory area barrel field layer 2/3 http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Reissner%27s_fiber Filament-like element associated with the ventricular systemand the spinal cord central canal. It results from the secretion of glycoproteins by the subcommissural organ into the cerebrospinal fluid that becomes solidified into a fiber. It extends caudally through the ventricular system and the central canal to the caudal spinal cord. It is present in all vertebrates (Butler and Hodos, Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy, 2nd Ed, 2005, pg 145. Reissner's fiber Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to inferior nucleus of pulvinar, lateral division Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Reticular nucleus of thalamus to inferior nucleus of pulvinar, medial division Macaca mulatta brainmaps.org Secondary visual cortex to inferior nucleus of pulvinar, lateral division Small interneuron thalamic small thalamic interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_geniculate_nucleus_%28lateral%29_interneuron Thalamus geniculate nucleus (lateral) interneuron Relay cell Thalamic relay neuron Thalamocortical cell Thalamocortical neuron Thalamus relay cell Thalamus relay neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_geniculate_nucleus_%28lateral%29_principal_neuron Thalamus geniculate nucleus (lateral) principal neuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_geniculate_nucleus_%28medial%29_interneuron Thalamus geniculate nucleus (medial) interneuron http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Thalamus_geniculate_nucleus_%28medial%29_principal_neuron Principle neuron in ventral division of medial geniculate nucleu characterized by strongly tufted dendrites, with overall discoid dendritic fields extending dors-ventrally and antero-posteriorly on average of 200 um. Neurons are arranged in parallel laminae, seen in transverse or horizontal sections of the pars lateralis Thalamus geniculate nucleus (medial) principal neuron Type_I:II_Oligodendrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Type_I/II_Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 500 cubic microns and is associated with small diameter axons. Type I/II oligodendrocyte Type_III:IV_Oligodendrocyte http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Type_III/IV_Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 30,000 cubic microns (up to 150,000 cubic microns) and is associated with large diameter axons. Type III/IV oligodendrocyte owl:Thing The brain cell-type ontology describes the types of both neural and non-neural cells in the human brain. The cell types are integrated into their corresponding anatomical hierarchies.