Anatomy, development and life cycle stages - planula, polyp, medusa/jellyfish - of the cnidarian hydrozoan species, Clytia hemiphaerica. Clytia hemisphaerica Development and Anatomy Ontology (CLYH) Clytia hemisphaerica Development and Anatomy Ontology definition citation part of develops from CLYH:0000001 gametogenesis CLYH:0000002 phase of sexual reproduction in which certain cells of a female or male individual (parent) are transformed into specialized reproductive cells (gametes) that will initiate development of a progeny individual (offspring) upon fertilization. gametogenesis period CLYH:0000003 oogenesis period CLYH:0000004 Entered into meiosis, DNA replicated, no yolk accumulation. previtellogenic stage CLYH:0000005 oocyte growth period CLYH:0000006 Meiotic Prophase I arrest, GV in centre, diameter x Amiel and Houliston Dev. Biol (2009) stage I oocyte growth stage CLYH:0000007 Meiotic Prophase I arrest, GV off centre, diameter x Amiel and Houliston Dev. Biol (2009) stage II oocyte growth stage CLYH:0000008 Meiotic Prophase I arrest, GV off centre, diameter x Amiel and Houliston Dev. Biol (2009) stage III oocyte growth stage CLYH:0000009 oocyte undergoing meiosis completion from prophase I to G0 of first meiotic cycle Amiel and Houliston Dev. Biol (2009) oocyte meiotic maturation CLYH:0000010 spermatogenesis period CLYH:0000011 spermatogonium stage CLYH:0000012 spermatid stage CLYH:0000013 embryonic development CLYH:0000014 gamete period CLYH:0000015 matture female germ cell. not yet fertilized. Meiotic divisions complete. Spawned egg with female pronucleus. Amiel and Houliston Dev. Biol (2009) unfertilized egg stage CLYH:0000016 mature male germ cell. spermatozoid stage CLYH:0000017 cleavage period CLYH:0000018 Zygote fertilized egg, zygote nucleus forms at animal pole (about 0-50 min post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). Y. Kraus et al in preparation? fertilised egg zygote one cell stage CLYH:0000019 Two cell-stage embryo. First cleaveages unipolar and start at the animal pole (about 50-80 min post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). Y. Kraus et al in preparation? 2-cell stage CLYH:0000020 Four cell-stage embryo. Second cleaveages unipolar and start at the animal pole (about 80-110 min post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). 4-cell stage CLYH:0000021 Eight cell-stage embryo (about 2h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). 8-cell stage CLYH:0000022 Sixteen cell-stage embryo (about 2.5h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). 16-cell stage CLYH:0000023 thirty two cell-stage embryo (about 3h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). 32-cell stage CLYH:0000024 sixty four cell-stage embryo (about 3h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). 64-cell stage CLYH:0000025 blastula period CLYH:0000026 Cells rounded and loosely adhered, Nuclei central (5-6h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). early blastula stage CLYH:0000027 Cell contacts extended, cells polarised, nuclei apical (8h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). mid blastula stage CLYH:0000028 Cell polarized and columnar, nuclei apical (9- 10h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). late blastula stage CLYH:0000029 gastrula period CLYH:0000030 Visible pointed oral pole but no cell ingression, ciliogenesis starting (12-13h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). very early gastrula stage CLYH:0000031 A few cells ingressed at pointed oral pole, swimming started (14-16h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius). early gastrula stage CLYH:0000032 Ingression to fill balastotocoel half completed (17- 18h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius) mid gastrula stage CLYH:0000033 Blastocoel full, no epithelisation of internal cells (20h post fertilization at18 degree celsius late gastrula stage CLYH:0000034 larval development planula period CLYH:0000035 Epithelisation beginning at aboral pole (as seen at 24h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius) planula P1 stage CLYH:0000036 Visible central cavity (as seen at 48h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius) planula P2 stage CLYH:0000037 Competent to metamorphose as (72h post fertilization at 18 degree celsius) planula P3 stage CLYH:0000038 Aged planula (> 3 days post fertilization at 18 degree celsius) but not received metamporphosis signal. aged planula stage CLYH:0000040 metamorphosis period CLYH:0000041 torpedo shape planula that stopped swimming settled planula stage CLYH:0000042 irregularly shaped metamorphosing planula attached to substrate, not yet flattened blob stage CLYH:0000043 metamorphosing planula attached to the substrate and in shape of a flattened disc disc stage CLYH:0000044 metamorphosing planula attached to the substrate and in shape of a flattened disc with sculpted indentations sculpted disc stage CLYH:0000045 uniform extension emerging from the sculpted disc primary polyp stalk extension stage CLYH:0000046 swollen distal extremity developing into a functional primary polyp head primary polyp developing head stage CLYH:0000047 theca of the primary polyp open on the oral side and mouth open functional primary polyp stage CLYH:0000049 colony containing mature or developing gonozoids , gastrozoids and stolons. colony phase CLYH:0000050 gastrozoid development CLYH:0000051 uniform extension emerging from the stolon as first stage of gastrozoid development stalk extenstion stage CLYH:0000052 swollen distal extremity developing into a complete gastrozoid head developing head stage CLYH:0000053 complete and functional gastrozoid with open hydrotheca and mouth functional gastrozoid stage CLYH:0000054 Non feeding polyp specialized in budding medusae gonozoid development CLYH:0000055 growing and developing gonozoid growing gonozoid stage CLYH:0000056 mature gonozoid budding medusae budding gonozoid stage CLYH:0000057 mature gonozoid not containing any medusa bud only central tube and disc-shaped cap non-budding gonozoid stage CLYH:0000059 medusa phase CLYH:0000060 medusa budding CLYH:0000061 medusa bud with visible ectoderm, endoderm and entocodon early medusa bud stage CLYH:0000062 medusa bud with forming subumbrella cavity mid medusa bud stage CLYH:0000063 medusa bud with with folding umbrella late medusa bud stage CLYH:0000064 medusa growth CLYH:0000065 period of medusa growth between release medusa from gonozoid until appearance of secondary tentacles. Only 4 tentacle bulbs present baby medusa stage 4-bulb medusa stage CLYH:0000066 period of medusa growth when only 8 tentacles are present 8-bulb medusa stage CLYH:0000067 period of medusa growth when only 12 tentacles are present young medusa stage 12-bulb medusa stage CLYH:0000068 period of medusa growth when only 16 tentacles are present. No mature gametes (eg 5mm diameter) 16-bulb immature medusa stage CLYH:0000069 period of medusa growth when only 16 tentacles are present. Gonads contain mature gametes. (eg 10mm diameter) mature adult medusa stage CLYH:1000001 multicellular organism CLYH:1000002 organism subdivision true CLYH:1000003 mouth CLYH:1000004 tentacle system CLYH:1000005 tentacle CLYH:1000006 tissue layer CLYH:1000007 ectoderm true CLYH:1000008 Outer layer of the gastrula. gastrula outer layer CLYH:1000009 Oral part of the outer layer of the gastrula. oral gastrula outer layer CLYH:1000010 Aboral part of the outer layer of the gastrula. aboral gastrula outer layer CLYH:1000011 Mid part of the outer layer of the gastrula. lateral gastrula outer layer CLYH:1000012 Outer layer of the planula. planula outer layer planula ectoderm CLYH:1000013 Oral part of the outer layer of the planula. oral planula ectoderm CLYH:1000014 Aboral part of the outer layer of the planula. aboral planula ectoderm CLYH:1000015 endoderm true CLYH:1000016 Cells ingressing from the outer layer of the gastrula into the blastocoel. gastrula ingressing cells CLYH:1000017 Cells ingressing from the outer layer into the blastocoel on the oral side of the gastrula. oral gastrula ingressing cells CLYH:1000018 Cells ingressing from the outer layer into the blastocoel on the aboral side of the gastrula. aboral gastrula ingressing cells CLYH:1000019 Inner layer of the planula. planula inner layer planula endoderm CLYH:1000020 Inner layer of the planula on the aboral side of the planula. aboral planula endoderm CLYH:1000021 Inner layer of the planula on the oral side of the planula. oral planula endoderm CLYH:1000022 Cell formed by fusion of a mature female reproductive cell and a mature male reproductive cell at fertilization. zygote fertilized egg CLYH:1000023 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues. embryo CLYH:1000024 Organism at the cleavage stage. cleaving embryo CLYH:1000025 Organism at the cleavage stage after the first cell division. 2-cell embryo CLYH:1000026 Organism at the cleavage stage after two division cycles. 4-cell embryo CLYH:1000027 Organism at the cleavage stage after three division cycles. 8-cell embryo CLYH:1000028 Organism at the cleavage stage after four division cycles. 16-cell embryo CLYH:1000029 Organism at the cleavage stage after five division cycles. 32-cell embryo CLYH:1000030 Organism at the cleavage stage after six division cycles. 64-cell embryo CLYH:1000031 Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. blastula CLYH:1000032 Blastula stage embryo before epithelisation. early blastula CLYH:1000033 Blastula stage embryo with polarised epithelial cells. mid blastula CLYH:1000034 Blastula stage embryo with polarised and columnar epithelial cells. late blasutla CLYH:1000035 Organism at the gastrula stage. gastrula CLYH:1000036 Visible pointed oral pole but no cell ingression, Ciliogenesis starting. very early gastrula CLYH:1000037 Gastrula with a few cells ingressed at pointed oral pole. Swimming. early gastrula CLYH:1000038 Gastrula in which blastotocoel is half filled with ingressing cells. mid gastrula CLYH:1000039 Gastrula in which Blastocoel is full but no epithelisation of internal cells. late gastrula CLYH:1000040 A distinct juvenile form before metamorphosis with elongated shape and cilliated outer layer. Inner and outer tissue layers separated by basement membrane. planula larva CLYH:1000041 Planula larva showing epithelisation of gastrodermal cells at aboral pole but not orally. planula P1 CLYH:1000042 Planula larva with visible central cavity in gastrodermis, incompetent to metamorphose. planula P2 CLYH:1000043 Planula larva with all cell types diffrerntiated and competent to metamorphose. planula P3 CLYH:1000044 Elongated planula competent to metamorphose, thinner than P3 planula. aged planula CLYH:1000045 Planula larva that has stopped swimming and is transforming into a polyp. metamorphosing planula CLYH:1000046 Planula larva that has stopped swimming and fixed to substrate. settled planula CLYH:1000047 Metamorphosing larva that has a pear shape. blob CLYH:1000048 Transitory form of planula undergoing metamorphosis a flattened circular form attached to the substrate. disc CLYH:1000049 Transitory form of planula undergoing metamorphosis a flattened form attached to the substrate showing irregular indentations and with small stalk emerging. sculpted disc CLYH:1000050 Region of the cell closely surrounding the mitotoc spindle. spindle-associated CLYH:1000051 Region inheriting the peripheral region of the egg around the animal pole. animal cortex CLYH:1000052 animal cortex of oocyte CLYH:1000053 animal cortex of egg cell CLYH:1000054 Region inheriting the peripheral region of the egg around the vegetal pole. vegetal cortex CLYH:1000055 Region of a stage III oocyte cortex close to the oocyte nucleus. vegetal cortex of oocyte CLYH:1000056 Egg cortex region containing the site of polar body formation. vegetal cortex of egg CLYH:1000057 cytoplasm CLYH:1000058 animal cytoplasm CLYH:1000059 Region of cytoplasm in a stage III oocyte in the same hemishere as the nucleus. animal cytoplasm of oocyte CLYH:1000060 Cytoplasm in egg hemisphere containing site of polar body formation. animal cytoplasm of egg CLYH:1000061 vegetal cytoplasm CLYH:1000062 vegetal cytoplasm of oocyte CLYH:1000063 vegetal cytoplasm of egg CLYH:1000064 oral territory CLYH:1000065 oral pole of embryo CLYH:1000066 oral pole of planula larva CLYH:1000067 oral pole blastomeres CLYH:1000068 oral pole of blastula CLYH:1000069 oral pole of gastrula CLYH:1000070 aboral territory CLYH:1000071 aboral pole of embryo CLYH:1000072 aboral pole of planula larva CLYH:1000073 aboral pole blastomeres CLYH:1000074 aboral pole of blastula CLYH:1000075 aboral pole of gastrula CLYH:1000076 Single cell of a cleavage cel embryo. blastomere CLYH:1000077 germ cell CLYH:1000078 male germ cell CLYH:1000079 An undeveloped male germ cell. Spermatogonia develop into primary spermatocytes. spermatogonium CLYH:1000080 A male germ cell that develops from the haploid secondary spermatocytes. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to spermatozoa. spermatid CLYH:1000081 A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid. sperm spermatozoid CLYH:1000082 female germ cell CLYH:1000083 An undifferentiated germ cell that proliferates rapidly and gives rise to oocytes. oogonium CLYH:1000084 A female germ cell that has entered meiosis. oocyte CLYH:1000085 Oocyte incorporating yolk. growing oocyte CLYH:1000086 Oocyte greater than 150 micrometers in diameter competent to undergo meiotic maturation. fully grown oocyte CLYH:1000087 A mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes. gamete CLYH:1000088 A female gamete where meiosis is complete and is able to participate in fertilization. female gamete egg cell CLYH:1000089 blastocoel roof cell CLYH:1000090 Specialized cell participating in mucus secretion. gland cell CLYH:1000091 Gland cell located on the aboral side of the planula larva, in the outer layer. planula aboral gland cell CLYH:1000092 Gland cell located in the inner layer of the planula larva. planula gland cell CLYH:1000093 Gland cell of the manubrium. manubrium gland cell CLYH:1000094 Gland cell of the gastrozoid. gastrozoid gland cell CLYH:1000095 Multipotent stem cell. interstitial cell CLYH:1000096 Interstitial cell in the stolon. stolon interstitial cell CLYH:1000097 Interstitial cell in the embryo. embryo interstitial cell CLYH:1000098 Interstitial cell in the planula. planula interstitial cell CLYH:1000099 Interstitial cell in the feeding polyp. gastrozoid interstitial cell CLYH:1000100 Interstitial cell within the gonozoid. gonozoid interstitial cell CLYH:1000101 Interstital cell of the manubrium. manubrium interstital cell CLYH:1000102 Differenciating nematocyte. nematoblast CLYH:1000103 Nematoblast in the stolon. stolon nematoblast CLYH:1000104 Nematoblast in the planula. planula nematoblast CLYH:1000105 Nematoblast of the tentacle bulb. tentacle bulb nemtoblast CLYH:1000106 Nematoblast of the manubrium. manubrium nematoblast CLYH:1000107 Specialized cell containing one giant explosive secretory organelle called nematocyst used for prey capture and defense from predators. nematocyte CLYH:1000108 Nematocyte of the planula. planula nematocyte CLYH:1000109 Nematocyte of the medusa tentacle. medusa tentacle nematocyte CLYH:1000110 Nematocyte located on the manubrium. manubrium nematocyte CLYH:1000111 Nematocyte located on the tentacle. gastrozoid tentacle nematocyte CLYH:1000112 A cell that is part of the nervous system. neural cell CLYH:1000113 Neural cell in the planula. planula neural cell CLYH:1000114 Neural cell in the mid part of the planula. planula lateral neural cells CLYH:1000115 Neural cell in the aboral part of the planula. plaunula aboral ectoderm neural cells CLYH:1000116 Nerve cells of the radial canal. nerve cell of the radial canal CLYH:1000117 Nerve cells of the circular canal. nerve cell of the circular canal CLYH:1000118 Nerve cells located in the gonad outer layer. nerve cells of the gonad ectoderm CLYH:1000119 Nerve cell of the medusa tentacle bulb. nerve cell of the tentacle bulb CLYH:1000120 Nervous cells of the subumbrella. subumbrella nervous cell CLYH:1000121 Epithelial cell containing smooth myofibers. smooth muscle cell CLYH:1000122 Smooth muscle of the velum. smooth muscle of the velum CLYH:1000123 Smooth muscle of the subumbrella. subumbrella smooth muscle CLYH:1000124 Epithelial cell containing striated myofibers. striated muscle cell CLYH:1000125 Striated muscle of the velum. striated muscle of the velum CLYH:1000126 Striated muscle of the subumbrella. subumbrella striated muscle CLYH:1000127 Connected system of gastrozoid and gonozoid polyps, propagating vegetatively. polyp colony CLYH:1000128 Tubular structure adhering to the substrate, connecting the bases of the polyps. stolon CLYH:1000129 Growing tip of a stolon. stolon growth tip CLYH:1000130 Mesoglea layer between the inner and outer layers of the stolon. stolon mesoglea CLYH:1000131 Segments of the stolon between the bases of the polyps, excluding the growing tip. stolon body CLYH:1000132 Outer layer within the stolon. stolon ectoderm CLYH:1000133 Inner layer within the stolon. stolon endoderm CLYH:1000134 Polyp specialised for production of medusa by budding. gonozoid CLYH:1000135 Structure that closes the distal end of the gonozoid. gonozoid cap CLYH:1000136 Tubular structure comprising inner and outer layers at the centre of the gonozoid. gonozoid central tube CLYH:1000137 Outer layer of the gonozoid including central tube and developing buds. gonozoid ectoderm CLYH:1000138 Inner layer of the gonozoid including central tube and developing buds. gonozoid endoderm CLYH:1000139 Epithelial cell layer positioned between the developing medusa buds and the theca of the gonozoid. epithelium covering buds CLYH:1000140 Outgrowth of the gonozoid central tube, within which medusa structures develop. medusa bud CLYH:1000141 Outgrowth of the gonozoid central tube, comprising entocodon, endoderm and ectoderm tissue layers. early medusa bud CLYH:1000142 Bud on the side of the gonozoid central tube, in which all medusa structures are present but not yet expanded to final proportions. mid medusa bud CLYH:1000143 Bud on the side of the gonozoid central tube, containing medusa structures with same proportions as newly released medusa. late medusa bud CLYH:1000144 Group of cells between the inner and outer layers of the early medusa bud. entocodon CLYH:1000145 Developing manubrium within the medusa bud. developing manubrium CLYH:1000146 Developing tentacle bud within the medusa bud. developing tentacle bulbs CLYH:1000147 Developing radial canal within the medusa bud. developing radial canal CLYH:1000148 Developing striated muscle within the medusa bud. developing striated muscle CLYH:1000149 Developing circular canal within the medusa bud. developing circular canal CLYH:1000150 Polyp specialised for catching prey and digesting. hydranth gastrozoid CLYH:1000151 Tentacle surrounding the gastrozoid mouth. gastrozoid tentacle CLYH:1000152 Mouth of the gastrozoid. gastrozoid mouth CLYH:1000153 matrix CLYH:1000154 Chitinous acellular layer surronding and protecting the polyps. theca CLYH:1000155 Chitinous acellular layer surronding the gonozoid. gonotheca CLYH:1000156 Chitinous acellular layer surronding the stolon. stolon perisarc CLYH:1000157 Chitinous acellular layer surronding the gastrozoid. hydrotheca CLYH:1000158 Jelly-like layer between epithelial layer. The mesoglea is mostly acellular and composed of extracellular matrix. mesoglea CLYH:1000159 Mesoglea layer between the inner and outer tissue layers of the gonozoid central tube. gonozoid mesoglea CLYH:1000160 Swimming pelagic stage of the Clytia hemisphaerica life cycle. medusa CLYH:1000161 Dome-shaped part of the medusa stage. umbrella CLYH:1000162 Outer layer of the umbrella. exumbrella CLYH:1000163 Inner layers of the umbrella. subumbrella CLYH:1000164 Inner layer of the subumbrella in direct contact with the thick mesoglea layer of the medusa. subumbrella endodermal plate CLYH:1000165 Thick mesoglea layer of the umbrella forming the bulk of the umbrella. thick mesoglea layer of the umbrella CLYH:1000166 Outer border of the umbrella. bell margin CLYH:1000167 Sensory structure of the medusa, located on the bell margin, consisting of a sensory vesicle containing statoliths. statocyst CLYH:1000168 Medusa tentacle system comprising tentacles, tentacle bulbs and tentacle buds. medusa tentacle system CLYH:1000169 Initial stage of tentacle bulb formation. medusa tentacle bud CLYH:1000170 Swollen structure producing the tentacle and connecting the bell margin to the tentacle. medusa tentacle bulb CLYH:1000171 Cresent-shaped nematogenic area of the tentacle bulb, located on the oral side of the bulb outer layer. nematogenic ectoderm of the bulb CLYH:1000172 V-shaped non-nematogenic ectodermal area of the tentacle bulb, located on the aboral side of the bulb. non-nematogenic epidermis of the bulb non-nematogenic ectoderm of the bulb CLYH:1000173 Inner layer of the medusa tentacle bulb. tentacle bulb gastrodermis tentacle bulb endoderm CLYH:1000174 Tentacle of the medusa not including the tentacle bulb. medusa tentacle CLYH:1000175 Four first medusa tentacles of the newly hatched medusa, connected to both radial and circular canals. primary medusa tentacle CLYH:1000176 Medusa tentacle generated after medusa hatching and connected to the circular but not to the radial canal. secondary medusa tentacle CLYH:1000177 Outer layer of the medusa tentacle. medusa tentacle epidermis medusa tentacle ectoderm CLYH:1000178 Inner layer of the medusa tentacle. medusa tentacle endoderm CLYH:1000179 A muscular flap of tissue surrounding the margin of the bell. velum CLYH:1000180 Inner layer of the velum. inner layer of the velum CLYH:1000181 Outer layer of the velum. outerlater of the velum CLYH:1000182 Canal connecting the manubrium with the bell margin. radial canal CLYH:1000183 Canal running along the bell margin. circular canal CLYH:1000184 Concentration of nerve cell bodies and projections running around the margin of the bell. nerve ring CLYH:1000185 Nerve ring located closest to the centre of the medusa. inner nerve ring CLYH:1000186 Nerve ring located farest to the centre of the medusa. outer nerve ring CLYH:1000187 Central structure of the medusa bearing the mouth and performing extracellular digestion. manubrium CLYH:1000188 Medusa mouth as part of the manubrium. medusa mouth CLYH:1000189 Inner layer of the manubrium opposite to the mouth and in direct contact with the thick mesoglea layer of the medusa. manubrium roof CLYH:1000190 Outer layer of the manubrium. manubrium epidermis manubrium ectoderm CLYH:1000191 Inner digestive layer of the manubrium. manubrium gastrodermis manubrium endoderm CLYH:1000192 Reproductive organ of the medusa. gonad CLYH:1000193 Outer layer of the gonad. gonad epidermis gonad ectoderm CLYH:1000194 Inner layer of the gonad. gonad gastrodermis gonad endoderm CL:0000000 A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. cell GO:0005575 cellular component GO:0005938 cell cortex UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure UBERON:0000105 life cycle stage immediately preceded by existence starts during existence ends during Anatomy, development and life cycle stages - planula, polyp, medusa/jellyfish - of the cnidarian hydrozoan species, Clytia hemiphaerica. Clytia hemisphaerica Development and Anatomy Ontology (CLYH) Clytia hemisphaerica Development and Anatomy Ontology