generic data file dataset file study data file A generic data file is a digital file that contains structured or unstructured data stored in a defined format, making it suitable for storage, processing, analysis, or exchange between systems. A data file may contain tabular data (rows and columns), text data, numerical data, binary data, or multimedia data, depending on the file format and intended use. plain text file ASCII File Text File A plain text file is a type of data file that contains unformatted text encoded using a character set such as UTF-8 or ASCII. The file consists solely of readable characters, line breaks, and optional delimiters, without embedded formatting, styles, or binary data. Plain text files are commonly used for storing structured or unstructured data, including data tables, logs, or configuration files, and they are compatible with a wide range of systems and software applications. tabular data file A tabular data file is a digital file that stores data structured into rows and columns, where each row represents a single record and each column represents a variable describing attributes of those records. csv file Comma Separated Values File A CSV file is a plain text file that stores tabular data, where each line represents a single record and fields (columns) within the record are separated by commas. CSV files are commonly used for data exchange between software applications because they are simple, lightweight, and widely supported across many systems, including spreadsheets, databases, and data analysis tools. radx data dictionary file A RADx Data Dictionary File is a data dictionary file that is formatted in accordance with the RADx data dictionary specification. It provides structured descriptions of the variables contained in an associated RADx data file, including each variable’s name, definition, permissible values, data type, and other descriptive metadata, in accordance with RADx data submission standards. radx data file Data Record File Dataset Dataset File Digital Data File A data file that contains data that has been directly, or indirectly, produced or generated by a RADx research study. All RADx data files in the RADx data hub are CSV tabular data files. Each study submission to the RADx Data Hub includes documentation files such as the study protocol, a README file describing the submitted data, and a data dictionary. documentation file data documentation study document A documentation file is a digital file that contains descriptive, procedural, or contextual information associated with a research study or dataset, including materials such as README files, study protocols, and other explanatory resources, intended to support understanding, reuse, and secondary analysis of the data. The study team submitted each data file as a digital file in CSV format to the RADx Data Hub digital file Computer File Electronic File File A digital file is a digital object that contains encoded information stored in a computer-readable format, organized according to a specific file format and accessible by software applications capable of interpreting that format. image file picture file visual data file An image file is a data file containing visual data, such as photographs, scans, or graphs, used to complement research findings or provide additional context. JSON file A JSON file is a digital file that stores structured data encoded using the JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) format, where data is represented as key-value pairs organized into nested objects and arrays. JSON-LD file Contextualized JSON File JSON-LD Document Linked Data File (in JSON format) A JSON-LD file is a JSON file that stores data encoded in the JSON-LD format, where data is represented as structured JSON objects enriched with a semantic context that links fields to terms from vocabularies or ontologies, enabling machine-readable meaning and data integration across systems. metadata file data descriptor descriptor file, A metadata file is a digital file that contains metadata. radx meta file A RADx META file is a metadata file that is formatted in JSON-LD and provides structured descriptions of the attributes and contents of a RADx data file. origcopy file The original version of a data file as provided by the Awardee, reflecting their initial coding decisions. transformcopy file A transformcopy file is a RADx data file that contains data that is derived from an origcopy file. Transformcopy files contain Tier 1 data. readme file A README file is a digital file that provides descriptive, contextual, and instructional information about the contents, structure, and intended use of a RADx study data, typically serving as the primary documentation file for users. supplemental data file Non-structured files outside the main data bundles that provide context or support for the primary study data. tier 1 data file generic data dictionary file Variable Definition File A Generic Data Dictionary File is a data dictionary file that provides a structured description of the variables contained in an associated data file, including each variable’s name, definition, data type, permissible values, and other descriptive metadata, without being bound to a specific data dictionary standard. radx datahub file data Data refers to raw facts, values, or information that can be collected, stored, processed, and analyzed. It can be structured (organized in a fixed format) or unstructured (freeform and not organized into predefined models). Data becomes useful information when it is processed and interpreted. metadata Metadata is data that describe data FAIR data Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable Data FAIR data is data that follows the FAIR principles, which stand for: - Findable - Accessible - Interoperable - Reusable These principles ensure that data is well-structured, machine-readable, and reusable across different platforms, making it useful for research, industry, and long-term data management. The RADx study’s de-identified dataset was made findable by assigning a DOI, registering it in the RADx Data Hub catalog, and ensuring the metadata followed a standardized schema to support keyword and faceted search. findable data Discoverable Data Searchable Data Findable data is data that is adequately described by rich metadata, assigned a globally unique and persistent identifier, and registered or indexed in a searchable resource, enabling both humans and machines to locate and identify the data. The de-identified RADx dataset was made accessible through the RADx Data Hub, where its metadata includes a persistent URL and a description of access conditions (open or controlled access). accessible data Obtainable Data Retrievable Data Accessible data are data that can be retrieved using standardized communication protocols, and is made available under clear access conditions, ensuring that both humans and machines can obtain, use, or request the data, even if access is restricted or controlled. The study team ensured their RADx data submission was interoperable by using standard variable names from the RADx Common Data Elements. interoperable data Integration-Ready Data Machine-Interpretable Data Standards-compliant Data Interoperable data are data that is formatted and described using widely accepted standards, and is structured in a way that allows them to be integrated with other datasets and understood, interpreted, and processed by both humans and machines across different systems, tools, and domains. The RADx study ensured its data was reusable by providing comprehensive metadata, clear data dictionaries, detailed documentation of the study methods, and a license specifying how others could use the data. reusable data Analysis-Ready Data Reusable Research Data Secondary Use Data Reusable data are data that is richly described with clear metadata, usage licenses, and provenance information, and is organized, documented, and formatted in a way that allows them to be understood, interpreted, and applied for new analyses, replication, or integration beyond the context of its original collection. harmonized data Aligned Data Standardized Data Transformed Data Harmonized data is data that has been transformed and standardized according to predefined rules or standards, enabling consistent use across separate studies. tabular data Data Table Rectangular Data Structured Data Table Tabular data is data that is organized into a structure of rows and columns, where each row represents a single record or observation, and each column represents a distinct variable or attribute measured across all records. variable data Data Values Observed Data Variable-Level Data Variable data is data that consists of measured, observed, or recorded values associated with a specific variable within a dataset, where the values can differ across records, observations, or samples. human study data Human Participant Study Data Human Subjects Data Participant Data Human study data is data that is collected, generated, or derived from research involving human participants, including demographic, clinical, behavioral, genomic, laboratory, and other health-related information gathered for the purpose of scientific investigation, clinical trials, observational studies, public health research, or diagnostic development. de-identification technique processed data Data Processed for Privacy Protection Privacy-Processed Data De-identification technique processed data are data that have undergone a data processing process in which one or more de-identification techniques have been applied to reduce or eliminate the ability to directly or indirectly identify individuals described by the data. The research team submitted a de-identified dataset to the RADx Data Hub, ensuring that all participant names, medical record numbers, and contact information were removed or transformed according to approved de-identification protocols. de-identified data De-identified Dataset Non-Identifiable Data De-identified data is data that has undergone a process to remove or obscure all direct and indirect identifiers that could reasonably be used to identify an individual, thereby reducing the risk of re-identification. Prior to sharing the dataset with external collaborators, the research team applied pseudonymization by replacing participant names with randomly assigned study IDs, while keeping a secure key file linking the IDs back to the participants’ identities. pseudonymized data Coded Data Indirectly Identifiable Data Key-Coded Data Pseudonymized data is data that has undergone a data de-identification process in which direct identifiers have been replaced with pseudonyms (artificial identifiers such as random codes), while a separate, secure key is retained that allows re-linking the pseudonyms to the original identifiers under controlled conditions. Before publicly releasing the environmental health study data, the team applied anonymization, ensuring that no participant could be identified directly or indirectly from the data. anonymized data Fully De-identified Data Irreversibly De-identified Data Non-identifiable Data Anonymized data is data that has undergone a data de-identification process in which all direct and indirect identifiers have been permanently removed, generalized, or transformed such that the data can no longer be linked to the original individuals by any reasonably available means. In order to reduce re-identification risk, the research team applied generalization to participant birth dates, replacing exact dates (e.g., 1975-06-23) with birth years (e.g., 1975). generalized data Data with Reduced Precision Generalized data is data that has undergone a data de-identification process in which specific values have been replaced by broader, less precise categories or ranges, reducing the level of detail to lower the risk of re-identification. To protect participant privacy, ZIP codes for geographic areas with fewer than 20,000 residents were treated as suppressed data, with the values removed from the dataset before submission to the RADx Data Hub. suppressed data Redacted Data Suppressed data are data that have undergone a data de-identification process in which specific values, fields, or entire records have been intentionally removed or masked to reduce the risk of re-identification or to comply with privacy, confidentiality, or statistical disclosure requirements. To comply with HIPAA Safe Harbor requirements, the study team provided ZIP code truncated data, removing the last two digits and retaining only the first three digits of each ZIP code. zip code truncated data 3-Digit ZIP Data Geographic Precision-Reduced Data Truncated ZIP Data ZIP code truncated data are generalized data that have undergone a data de-identification process in which the full ZIP code has been shortened to the first three digits, reducing geographic precision to lower the risk of re-identification. As part of the de-identification process, the research team provided age-capped data by recording all participants over the age of 89 as "90 or older" to comply with HIPAA Safe Harbor requirements. age capped data Maximum Age Data Top-Coded Age Data Upper Limit Age Data Age-capped data are data that have undergone a data de-identification process in which ages exceeding a specified threshold are replaced with a maximum allowable age category, reducing the risk of re-identification for older individuals. The RADx Data Hub accepts HIPAA Safe Harbor data from study teams, ensuring that all direct identifiers, including names, addresses, and dates of birth, were removed or generalized. HIPAA safe harbor data HIPAA-Compliant De-identified Data Safe Harbor De-identified Data HIPAA Safe Harbor data are health data that have undergone a de-identification process defined by the HIPAA Privacy Rule, in which 18 specific direct and quasi-identifiers have been removed or modified, ensuring the data is considered de-identified under HIPAA standards. information Information is data that has been processed, organized, or structured in a way that provides meaning, context, or knowledge to its users. Information arises from data interpretation and can be used to support decision-making, analysis, communication, or reasoning. Unlike raw data, information conveys semantic value by linking data to its context and making it understandable to humans or computational systems. personally identifiable information PII Personal Data Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is information that can be used to directly or indirectly identify an individual person. This includes data such as names, social security numbers, contact information, medical record numbers, or any other information that, alone or when combined with other data, can reveal a person’s identity. PPI is subject to strict privacy, security, and regulatory protections, especially in research, healthcare, and public health contexts. protected health information (phi) HIPAA-Protected Data Individually Identifiable Health Information (under HIPAA) PHI Protected Health Information (PHI) is individually identifiable health information that is created, received, transmitted, or maintained by a covered entity or business associate in relation to health care, payment for health care, or health care operations, and that is protected under the HIPAA Privacy Rule. coordination center data coordination center (C)DCC CDCC Coordination and Data Collection Center DCC A data coordination center (DCC) is a type of coordinating center that is responsible for managing the collection, curation, quality control, and submission of study data, ensuring adherence to required data standards. A DCC may also be known as a Collection and Data Coordination Center (CDCC) data element DE Data Element (DE) Data Field Data Variable Definition Metadata Entry for a Variable Variable Definition A data element is a single defined unit of data that captures a specific attribute, property, or observation within a dataset or database. Each data element is described by a set of attributes, including its name, definition, permissible values, data type, and units, if applicable. Data elements serve as the building blocks of structured data and provide semantic meaning and context to the variables stored within a dataset, ensuring consistent interpretation, analysis, and reuse. common data element CDE Common Data Element (CDE) Defined Data Element Shared Data Element Standardized Data Element A Common Data Element (CDE) is a data element that is standardized for use across multiple studies, datasets, or databases to ensure consistent collection, representation, and interpretation of specific types of data, enabling harmonization, comparability, and interoperability across research projects, institutions, and systems. defined data element DDE Defined Data Element (DDE) RADx-UP Common Data Element A defined data element (DDE) is a common data element that is defined by the RADx-UP program data coordication center. RADx common data element RADx CDE RADx Common Data Element (CDE) RADx Core Data Element RADx Standard Data Element A RADx Common Data Element (CDE) is a common data element that is specifically defined and required by the RADx program to ensure consistent collection, representation, and reporting of essential study data across all RADx-funded projects, enabling data harmonization, cross-study comparability, and integration within the RADx Data Hub. data dictionary Code Book Data Dictionary Data Element Dictionary A data dictionary is a form of Metadata that is a structured reference resource that defines and describes the individual data elements within a dataset, database, or data system. It provides standardized metadata about each data element, including its name, definition, data type, allowed values, format, and relationships to other data elements, to ensure consistent understanding, documentation, and use of the data across systems, teams, and stakeholders. variable metadata Column metadata Field level metadata Variable descriptor repository radx awardee RADx Awardee funding recipient grantee A RADx awardee is an organization or entity that has received funding under the RADx Program to conduct research and provide study data. ontology repository Ontology Repository co-investigator Co-Investigator A Co-Investigator is a key member of a research team who plays a significant role in the design, execution, and/or management of a project, but is not the primary lead. The Principal Investigator (PI) is the person officially in charge of the project, while Co-Investigators work alongside the PI, contributing their expertise and helping ensure the project’s success. contact principal investigator Contact PI A Contact Principal Investigator (Contact PI) is the lead PI responsible for official communication between a research team and the funding agency, such as the NIH. This role typically comes into play in multi-PI grants, where two or more PIs share responsibility for leading the project. content rules for data submitters Guidelines detailing how data files should be structured and formatted for submission to the RADx Data Hub. COVID-19 testing A focus of RADx Program-funded research studies, involving efforts to enhance and analyze testing strategies and data. role curator Data Curator Data Submission Curator (RADx) RADx Curator RADx Data Curator Submission Assistant A RADx Data Hub Curator is a designated member of the RADx Support Team responsible for facilitating and overseeing the submission of data to the RADx Data Hub. The curator’s responsibilities include providing expert guidance to data contributors, answering technical and procedural inquiries, advising on data formatting and de-identification standards, conducting comprehensive reviews of submitted datasets for accuracy, completeness, and compliance with data submission requirements, and granting formal approval for data to be ingested into the RADx Data Hub. data collection form Forms used to record data during a study, often detailing specific variables or measurements. data principal investigator Data Custodian Data PI Data Principal Investigator Lead Data Submitter A Data Principal Investigator (Data PI) is a designated individual who holds primary responsibility for the management, quality assurance, and compliance of a specific dataset produced or submitted in the context of a research project or data-sharing initiative. The Data PI ensures that the data is accurate, complete, well-documented, and adheres to all applicable standards, regulations, and policies governing data collection, curation, and sharing. The Data PI also serves as the primary point of contact for questions related to the dataset’s content, provenance, and interpretation. data repository Data Archive Data Registry Data Repository Data Repository System Data Sharing Platform A data repository is a repository that is specifically designed to store, organize, preserve, and manage access to digital data and its associated metadata. research data repository Research Data Repository A research data repository is a data repository that contains research data that is the product of a research study. data use agreement DUA Research data use agreement Secondary data use agreement Use agreement A data use agreement is a type of formal agreement executed between RADx and the user, specifying the terms and conditions for using RADx Data Hub study data in secondary research data versioning dataset replacement file updates The process of managing updates to data files in the RADx Data Hub by ensuring that new versions replace previous ones without disrupting system integrity. data wrangler license analytics license license request A permission granted to RADx Data Hub users for using advanced analytics tools, such as SAS or Data Wrangler, for enhanced data processing capabilities. dbGaP access procedure dbGaP permissions genotype and phenotype database access A mechanism for requesting access to sensitive data hosted in the RADx Data Hub. dbGaP provides controlled access to human subject data in compliance with Data Use Certification Agreements. digital object identifier (DOI) Global Object Identifier Persistent Digital Identifier A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a persistent digital identifier that is assigned to an object (such as a publication, dataset, or software) to provide a globally unique, permanent, and resolvable reference to that object, even if its location or ownership changes over time. era commons account NIH login eRA Commons Account electronic Research Administration account researcher account An eRA Commons account is a user account in the eRA commons system, which is a user credential system that provides authenticated access to NIH electronic services, distinguishing itself by being required for submitting grant-related information, requesting access to sensitive biomedical data such as in the RADx Data Hub, and registering research studies. Each study submitted to the RADx Data Hub must provide a file bundle that includes a data file (DATA), a corresponding data dictionary (DICT), and submission metadata (META). file bundle Data File Bundle Data Submission Package Study File Package A file bundle is a collection of related files that together represent a complete data submission unit, consisting of at least one data file, its associated data dictionary, and accompanying metadata. investigator clinical investigator researcher An individual conducting a study or project, often a clinician, researcher, or partner involved in RADx-funded studies. study identifier A Study Identifier is a unique alphanumeric code or reference string assigned to a research study to unambiguously identify it within a specific system, repository, or administrative context. Study identifiers are used to track, reference, and manage the study throughout its lifecycle, from registration and data submission to publication, reporting, and data sharing. Study identifiers may be assigned by funding agencies, regulatory bodies, data repositories, or institutional review boards, and may follow domain-specific conventions, such as a ClinicalTrials.gov NCT Number or a dbGaP PHS Number. PHS number PHS Public Health Study Number dbGaP Identifier dbGaP Study Accession A PHS Number is a unique study identifier assigned by the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes (dbGaP) to a registered study upon approval for data submission and sharing. The identifier allows for the tracking, referencing, and management of the study’s data, metadata, and access policies within the dbGaP system. The PHS Number follows a standardized format, typically including the prefix phs, a unique numeric string, a version number, and a part number (e.g., phs002345.v1.p1). In the context of RADx and other NIH-funded projects, the PHS Number serves as the official reference for the study in NIH data sharing systems, ensuring proper documentation and compliance with data sharing policies. principal investigator Chief Investigator Lead Investigator Principal Investigator A Principal Investigator (PI) is the lead researcher responsible for the preparation, conduct, and administration of a research grant, cooperative agreement, training or public service project, contract, or other sponsored project. published manuscript Academic publication Peer-reviewed paper Published article Research article Research paper Scholarly article Study publication A Published Manuscript is a peer-reviewed, publicly accessible scientific document that presents the research findings, methods, results, and conclusions of a study. It is typically published in an academic journal, conference proceedings, or other recognized scholarly outlet and serves as an official record of the study’s contributions to the scientific community. published RADx manuscript radx data dictionary data description study data dictionary A document defining characteristics of the core data elements used in a study, such as name, description, coded values, and actual values, with one dictionary per high-level data file. radx data dictionary specification A document outlining how data dictionaries should be formatted and structured. radx data files and conventions document A document describing standards for creating and managing data files in the RADx Data Hub. radx data hub partner RADx partnership data hub collaboration The RADx Data Hub is supported by partnerships with Stanford University, Booz Allen Hamilton, and the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI). These partners focus on data hub development, data management, and program management to enable efficient research and collaboration. secondary research data reuse secondary analysis Secondary research is a kind of research that is characterized by its reliance on pre-existing data sources rather than the direct collection of new data. structured study description Detailed and standardized information about a data file’s attributes, typically included in metadata files. study clinical study research study A research protocol or set of experiments designed to investigate research questions or evaluate biomedical or health-related outcomes. study document Supporting materials for research studies, including protocols, forms, and other context-related files. study protocol Documents describing the design, objectives, and methods of a research study. study registration procedure research registration study registration study submission A study registration procedure is a RADx standard operating procedure that defines the process for registering a study with the RADx Data Hub, including required documentation, metadata submission, and compliance checks tier 1 common data element Core Common Data Element RADx Core Data Element Required Common Data Element Standardized Data Element Tier 1 Common Data Element A Tier 1 CDE (Common Data Element) is a RADx Common Data Element that must be collected and submitted by all RADx studies to ensure cross-study harmonization, interoperability, and comparability within the RADx Data Hub. Tier 1 CDEs capture essential information that is universally relevant across all studies in the program, including core demographic variables, study design elements, and high-priority clinical or diagnostic data. The use of Tier 1 CDEs supports data integration, secondary analysis, and adherence to FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data principles. tier 1 variable Core variable RADx core variable Tier 1 Variable A tier 1 variable is a variable that is defined by the RADx global code book data dictionary. Tier 1 variables have identifiers that start with `nih_`. Tier 1 variables are intended to be common to all RADx studies that involved human subjects across all RADx programs. tier 2 variable DCC specific variable Tier 2 Variable A tier 2 variable is a non-tier 1 variable that is defined by a RADx DCC data dictionary. Tier 2 variables are intended to be common to a subset of studies within a DCC. Thus, RADx-rad has its own set of tier 2 variables, as do the other DCCs. tier 3 variable Study specific variable Tier 3 Variable A tier 3 variable is a variable that is not a tier 1 or a tier 2 variable. Tier 3 variables are usually specific to individual studies. variable Factor Field A variable is a measurable characteristic, attribute, or quantity that can take on different values or states. Variables are the fundamental units of data that researchers measure, observe, or manipulate in order to study a phenomenon or answer research questions. Each variable is described by a corresponding data element, which defines the variable’s name, meaning, data type, permissible values, and units, providing essential context for interpreting the variable across datasets and studies. human study A human study refers to any type of research that involves human participants to answer specific questions about health, behavior, or biomedical phenomena. These studies are conducted to improve understanding of human biology, evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medical interventions, and address social or psychological questions. partipant Human Subject Research Participant Study Participant A participant is a role played by a human individual who consents to take part in a research study, clinical trial, or public health investigation, during which they may provide data, biospecimens, responses, or undergo interventions for the purpose of contributing to scientific knowledge. data record Data Row Entry Observation Record Record A data record is a single structured unit of data that represents all collected information for one entity, observation, or event within a dataset. estimated sample size An estimated sample size is a type of study design quality that represents the projected number of participants or samples expected to be enrolled or collected in a study, based on statistical considerations or study objectives. The actual sample size may vary from this estimate depending on recruitment outcomes, eligibility criteria, or other practical factors. The sample size for the RADx observational study was 2,500 participants, with each participant contributing one record to the study’s dataset. sample size Dataset Sample Size Number of Study Participants Number of participants Number of subjects Participant count Study Sample Size Subject count Sample size is a numerical quantity that represents the total number of distinct units (such as participants, specimens, or observations) that are included in a research study and captured in its dataset for the purpose of analysis and reporting. study population Participant Pool Research Population A study population is a defined group of individuals, specimens, or units that meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion in a research study, and from which data are collected to address the study’s research questions. waste water study A waste water study is a study who's focus is examining the contents of waste water To de-identify participant data, the study team applied a date shift of +117 days, meaning all event dates (e.g., enrollment date, test date) were shifted forward by exactly 117 days for each participant. date shifted data Date-Offset Data Shifted Dates Data Temporally Offset Data Date-shifted data are data that have undergone a data de-identification process in which all dates in a record have been systematically adjusted forward or backward by a consistent, randomly selected offset, preserving the temporal relationships within each record while obscuring the actual calendar dates. The clinical trial data were stored in a relational database, allowing researchers to query participant demographics, test results, and visit dates efficiently. database Database Datastore A database is a structured collection of data that is organized, stored, and managed electronically, typically using a database management system (DBMS), to enable efficient querying, retrieval, updating, and analysis of the data. radx standard operating procedure A RADx standard operating procedure is a formal document issued by the RADx program that specifies standardized instructions for carrying out RADx-related processes in a consistent and compliant manner. standard operating procedure A standard operating procedure is a formal document that specifies standardized instructions for performing a recurring task or process identifier study quality Study quality is a quality that inheres in a study and reflects its methodological soundness, including aspects such as design integrity, data validity, and risk of bias. research Research is a kind of systematic investigation undertaken to generate, validate, or refine knowledge in a disciplined and methodical manner. primary research Primary research is a kind of research that is distinguished by its generation of new, firsthand data rather than the use of existing sources. study focus A study focus is an information content entity that represents the central area of investigation, such as a disease, condition, population, or intervention of interest in a study. license A license is a legal agreement that specifies the permissions and restrictions associated with the use, modification, or distribution of software specification document user account A user account is a digital artifact that enables an agent to access and interact with a system under an identifiable identity, characterized by a set of credentials, permissions, and associated data. media type radx radical (radx-rad) RADx-rad A RADx effort focusing on innovative, non-traditional COVID-19 testing approaches, including rapid detection devices and home-based testing technologies. RADx-rad seeks to address gaps in usability, accessibility, and accuracy. radx tech point-of-care technology rapid diagnostics RADx Tech (Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics Technology) is a component program of the NIH RADx initiative that accelerated the development, validation, and commercialization of innovative point-of-care and home-based diagnostic technologies for COVID-19 detection, as well as improvements to clinical laboratory testing methods that directly detect the virus. radx underserved populations (radx-up) RADx-UP An initiative aimed at reducing health disparities in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality among underserved and vulnerable populations disproportionately affected by the pandemic. The goal is to understand and address the factors driving these disparities. RADx RADx Program Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics RADx stands for Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics. It’s a program launched by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2020, as part of the U.S. response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The goal of RADx was to accelerate the development, commercialization, and deployment of innovative diagnostic technologies—especially for COVID-19 testing. bioportal ontology repository bioportal BioPortal is an ontology repository developed and maintained by the National Center for Biomedical Ontology (NCBO). It provides a web-based platform for accessing, sharing, visualizing, and analyzing biomedical ontologies. Booz Allen Hamilton developed and maintains the RADx Data Hub, supporting data submission, curation, and access processes for all participating RADx studies. Booz Allen Hamilton BAH Booz Allen Booz Allen Hamilton is a management consulting and technology consulting firm, with a strong focus on serving the U.S. government, particularly in areas like defense, intelligence, and civil agencies. Founded in 1914, Booz Allen is known for providing strategy, analytics, digital solutions, engineering, and cybersecurity services to clients in both the public and private sectors. center for expanded data annotation and retrieval CEDAR A web-based computational metadata management platform focused on helping users create high-quality biomedical metadata through templates that facilitate development, evaluation, use, and refinement of experiment-based biomedical metadata. dbGaP NCBI archive genotype-phenotype database The database of Genotype and Phenotype (dbGaP) developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to archive and distribute the results of studies involving high-density genotyping. RADx Data Hub uses dbGaP to manage study-level access to data files. health insurance portability and accountability act (hipaa) HIPAA health data regulation A U.S. law regulating the privacy and security of individually identifiable health information. It governs how this information can be used, shared, and maintained by covered entities. radx data hub RADx repository RADx storage The RADx Data Hub is a centralized research data repository for managing, organizing, and storing data collected from COVID-19 testing studies funded by the RADx Program. It provides a file-based structure for easy data access and interoperability. radx digital health technologies (radx dht) RADx DHT An initiative to develop digital health solutions, such as smartphone apps, wearable devices, and software, to support contact tracing, verified COVID-19 test results, and monitoring health statuses of infected or potentially infected individuals. radx global codebook A standardized reference guide used to harmonize data and ensure consistent coding across studies. radx metadata specification A document detailing the structure and content of metadata files in the RADx Data Hub. Renaissance Computing Institute RENCI A partner in the RADx Data Hub responsible for cross-disciplinary program management, including technical development, researcher engagement, and training. Stanford University Stanford text/plain text/csv application/json application/ld+json