http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-4-30 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0027-0858 An ontology for the description of Drosophila melanogaster phenotypes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Drosophila Phenotype Ontology (DPO) 30:05:2025 09:45 FlyBase miscellaneous CV 2025-05-30 definition If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive camcur BrainName official abbreviation BRAND NAME EmbDevSlim FORMULA FlyTed temp subset for edit tracking purposes Testis slim INN IUPAC NAME InChI InChIKey terms for rd test ontology SMILES Abnormal/normal slim Absent/present slim Attribute slim camcur cell_quality cur warning of impending obsoletion do not annotate fbcvsubset_mgiribbons larval olfactory system lethal phase terms Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist Systematic synonym Value slim subset_property synonym_type_property has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_scope shorthand a core relation that holds between a part and its whole part of x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of has_age a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of A part of relation that applies only between occurrents. occurrent part of Primitive instance level timing relation between events before or simultaneous with t1 before t2 iff:= t1 before_or_simulataneous_with t2 and not (t1 simultaeous_with t2) before Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. encompasses X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during true A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common spatially disjoint from x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from x expressed in y if and only if there is a gene expression process (GO:0010467) that occurs in y, and one of the following holds: (i) x is a gene, and x is transcribed into a transcript as part of the gene expression process (ii) x is a transcript, and the transcription of x is part of the gene expression process (iii) x is a mature gene product such as a protein, and x was translated or otherwise processes from a transcript that was transcribed as part of this gene expression process expressed in c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. capable of part of true inverse of surrounded by surrounds https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). results in developmental progression of q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. characteristic of part of true A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) developmentally related to A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. part of structure that is capable of holds between two entities when some genome-level process such as gene expression is involved. This includes transcriptional, spliceosomal events. These relations can be used between either macromolecule entities (such as regions of nucleic acid) or between their abstract informational counterparts. genomically related to inverse of regulates regulated by is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. member of inverse of has input input of x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y This relation has a stronger meaning than merely indicating that X may develop into Y, in that the capability of developing into Y is always present, even if X does not always actually develop into Y. In particular, this means that if Y is restricted to a given taxon T, X is necessarily likewise restricted. has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 towards causal relation between entities inverse of determined by determines s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. determined by part of true causally influenced by The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences A relation that holds between an attribute or a qualifier and another attribute. has modifier s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. produced by q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. utilizes device utilizes material 0 100 Then percentage of organisms in a population that die during some specified age range (age-specific mortality rate), minus the percentage that die in during the same age range in a wild-type population. This could be used to record the increased infant morality rate in some population compared to wild-type. For examples of usage see http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FBcv_0000351 and subclasses. has increased age-specific mortality rate Then percentage of organisms in a population that die during some specified age range (age-specific mortality rate), minus the percentage that die in during the same age range in a wild-type population. PMID:24138933 Wikipedia:Infant_mortality BFO:0000001 entity BFO:0000002 continuant BFO:0000003 occurrent BFO:0000004 independent continuant BFO:0000015 process BFO:0000016 disposition BFO:0000017 realizable entity BFO:0000019 quality BFO:0000020 specifically dependent continuant BFO:0000023 role BFO:0000024 fiat object part BFO:0000027 object aggregate BFO:0000030 object BFO:0000031 generically dependent continuant BFO:0000040 material entity BFO:0000141 immaterial entity A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. CARO:0000000 Following BFO, material anatomical entities may have immaterial parts (the lumen of your stomach is part of your stomach). The granularity limit follows the limits set by the Gene Ontology on the granularity limit for GO:cellular_component. Note that substances produced by an organism (sweat, feaces, urine) do not need to be part of an organism to qualify as an anatomical structure. anatomical entity CARO:0000000 A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. CAROC:Brownsville2014 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 Note that the definition does not say 'generated exclusively by the co-ordinated expression of the organism's own genome', so this is still valid for cases where normal morphogenesis requires the actions of a facultative symbiont, or some looser dependency such as the a requirement for the presence of gut flora for normal gut development. connected anatomical structure CARO:0000003 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body and that does not have inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. portion of organism substance CARO:0000004 Note - CARO explicitly declares organisms substances to be part of (some) organism. organism substance CARO:0000004 An anatomical entity that has mass. CARO:0000006 material anatomical entity CARO:0000006 Anatomical entity that has no mass. CARO:0000007 immaterial anatomical entity CARO:0000007 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a clade and, at some point in its life-cycle, consists of more than one cell. CARO:0000012 MH: Can't define this class based on 2 or more cells because most multi cellular organisms (if not all) have only a single cell at some point in life history. MH: sexual subtypes should probably be logically defined based on sexual processes or sex qualities. multicellular organism CARO:0000012 An anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CL:0000000 GO:0005623 CARO:0000013 deprecate and replace with CL or GO term? cell CARO:0000013 Anatomical structure that is part of a cell and that has a granularity level equal to that of a protein complex or higher. CARO:0000014 This is declared equivalent with GO:0044464. The definition should be co-ordinated with GO. We could obsolete the CARO class and just use the GO class. cell part CARO:0000014 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. CARO:0000032 organism subdivision CARO:0000032 0 0 An anatomical structure that has no cells or cell parts as a part. CARO:0000040 Example. Insect cuticle, eggshell, hair. acellular anatomical structure CARO:0000040 A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. CARO:0000042 MH: define as not part of embryo, or will not develop into embryo? MH: changed def to exclude cells so this class could be included in gross anatomical part. DOS: Changed to something that I think works for both vertebrates and invertebrates and that keeps the restriction to multicellular structures. Old def: "Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue that will not contribute to the embryo.". One remaining question - perhaps zygote is too restrictive given that some organisms have parthenogenesis e.g. aphids? extraembryonic structure CARO:0000042 2 A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. CARO:0001000 Examples: a bundle of neuron projections in the brain; a region neuropil in an arthropod central nervous system; a region of cortex (preikaryal rind) in an arthropod brain. multi-cell-part structure CARO:0001000 CARO:0001008 Anatomical structure that is part of a multicellular organism and is at the gross anatomical level, e.g. above the level of a cell. Included are portions of organism substances such as blood, multi-cell-part structures such as axon tracts, acellular anatomical structures such as hair, and organism subdivisions such as head. Excluded is the whole organism and more granular parts of the organism, such as atoms, molecules, macromolecular complexes and cells. gross anatomical part CARO:0001010 Material anatomical entity that is a member of an individual species or is a viral or viroid particle. organism or virus or viroid organism An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure CARO:0010000 There is a cost to burying this in PATO. We lose that we could relax the cardinality assertion to subClassOf has_part some cell. I'm sure having this axiom inherited would come in handy. DOS An individual member of a clade of cellular organisms. CARO:0010004 A general term for organism that is agnostic about single cell vs multi-cellular. Note that this is a subclass of 'anatomical structure', meaning that an organism must be a connected structure. For example, if I take one plant and make a rooted cutting from a it, I now have two (clonally related) organisms. cellular organism CARO:0010004 2 Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. CARO:0000054 disconnected anatomical group CARO:0000054 CARO:0020003 An anatomical structure consisting of one or more cells. cellular anatomical structure With a reflexive part_of relation this might safely be defined as 'anatomical structure' that has_part some cell CARO:0030000 Entity that is, is part of, or derived from an organism, virus, or viroid or a collection of them. Important for alignment with Darwin Core class "Organism". biological entity Elementary particle not affected by the strong force having a spin 1/2, a negative elementary charge and a rest mass of 0.000548579903(13) u, or 0.51099906(15) MeV. KEGG:C05359 Wikipedia:Electron electron chebi_ontology Elektron beta beta(-) beta-particle e e(-) e- negatron CHEBI:10545 electron CHEBI:10545 electron ChEBI electron KEGG_COMPOUND Elektron ChEBI beta IUPAC beta(-) ChEBI beta-particle IUPAC e IUPAC e(-) UniProt e- KEGG_COMPOUND negatron IUPAC Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas chebi_ontology gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entity CHEBI:138675 gas molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entities ChEBI gaseous molecular entity ChEBI A molecular entity that can transfer an electron to another molecular entity. chebi_ontology Elektronendonator donneur d'electron CHEBI:15022 electron donor CHEBI:15022 Elektronendonator ChEBI donneur d'electron IUPAC A molecular entity that can accept an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group from another molecular entity. CHEBI:13699 CHEBI:2377 KEGG:C00028 KEGG:C16722 Acceptor chebi_ontology A Akzeptor Hydrogen-acceptor Oxidized donor accepteur CHEBI:15339 acceptor CHEBI:15339 Acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND A KEGG_COMPOUND Akzeptor ChEBI Hydrogen-acceptor KEGG_COMPOUND Oxidized donor KEGG_COMPOUND accepteur ChEBI An oxygen hydride consisting of an oxygen atom that is covalently bonded to two hydrogen atoms CHEBI:10743 CHEBI:13352 CHEBI:27313 CHEBI:42043 CHEBI:42857 CHEBI:43228 CHEBI:44292 CHEBI:44701 CHEBI:44819 CHEBI:5585 HMDB:HMDB0002111 KEGG:C00001 KEGG:D00001 MetaCyc:WATER MolBase:1 PDBeChem:HOH Wikipedia:Water WATER Water chebi_ontology BOUND WATER H2O HOH Wasser [OH2] acqua agua aqua dihydridooxygen dihydrogen oxide eau hydrogen hydroxide CHEBI:15377 water CHEBI:15377 WATER PDBeChem Water KEGG_COMPOUND BOUND WATER PDBeChem H2O KEGG_COMPOUND H2O UniProt HOH ChEBI Wasser ChEBI [OH2] IUPAC acqua ChEBI agua ChEBI aqua ChEBI dihydridooxygen IUPAC dihydrogen oxide IUPAC eau ChEBI hydrogen hydroxide ChEBI CHEBI:10745 CHEBI:13416 CHEBI:23833 CHEBI:25366 CHEBI:30491 CHEBI:44742 CHEBI:7860 HMDB:HMDB0001377 KEGG:C00007 KEGG:D00003 MetaCyc:OXYGEN-MOLECULE MolBase:750 PDBeChem:OXY Wikipedia:Oxygen chebi_ontology Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen CHEBI:15379 dioxygen CHEBI:15379 Disauerstoff ChEBI E 948 ChEBI E-948 ChEBI E948 ChEBI O2 IUPAC O2 KEGG_COMPOUND O2 UniProt OXYGEN MOLECULE PDBeChem Oxygen KEGG_COMPOUND [OO] MolBase dioxygene ChEBI molecular oxygen ChEBI CHEBI:13365 CHEBI:13419 CHEBI:44641 CHEBI:5594 KEGG:C01328 PDBeChem:OH chebi_ontology HO- HYDROXIDE ION Hydroxide ion OH(-) OH- CHEBI:16234 hydroxide CHEBI:16234 HO- KEGG_COMPOUND HYDROXIDE ION PDBeChem Hydroxide ion KEGG_COMPOUND OH(-) IUPAC OH- KEGG_COMPOUND A one-carbon compound with formula CO2 in which the carbon is attached to each oxygen atom by a double bond. A colourless, odourless gas under normal conditions, it is produced during respiration by all animals, fungi and microorganisms that depend directly or indirectly on living or decaying plants for food. CHEBI:13282 CHEBI:13283 CHEBI:13284 CHEBI:13285 CHEBI:23011 CHEBI:3283 CHEBI:48829 HMDB:HMDB0001967 KEGG:C00011 KEGG:D00004 MetaCyc:CARBON-DIOXIDE MolBase:752 PDBeChem:CO2 PPDB:119 Wikipedia:Carbon_dioxide CARBON DIOXIDE Carbon dioxide chebi_ontology CO2 E 290 E-290 E290 R-744 [CO2] carbonic anhydride CHEBI:16526 carbon dioxide CHEBI:16526 CARBON DIOXIDE PDBeChem Carbon dioxide KEGG_COMPOUND CO2 KEGG_COMPOUND CO2 UniProt E 290 ChEBI E-290 ChEBI E290 ChEBI R-744 ChEBI [CO2] MolBase carbonic anhydride UM-BBD A molecular entity that can transfer ("donate") an electron, a pair of electrons, an atom or a group to another molecular entity. CHEBI:14202 CHEBI:4697 KEGG:C01351 Donor chebi_ontology Donator donneur CHEBI:17891 donor CHEBI:17891 Donor KEGG_COMPOUND Donator ChEBI donneur ChEBI An elemental molecule consisting of two trivalently-bonded nitrogen atoms. CHEBI:13388 CHEBI:14660 CHEBI:25365 CHEBI:43128 CHEBI:7593 HMDB:HMDB0001371 KEGG:C00697 KEGG:D00083 MetaCyc:NITROGEN-MOLECULE PDBeChem:HDZ Wikipedia:Nitrogen chebi_ontology N#N N2 Nitrogen molecular nitrogen CHEBI:17997 dinitrogen CHEBI:17997 N#N ChEBI N2 IUPAC N2 KEGG_COMPOUND N2 UniProt Nitrogen KEGG_COMPOUND molecular nitrogen ChEBI A molecular entity having an available pair of electrons capable of forming a covalent bond with a hydron (Bronsted base) or with the vacant orbital of some other molecular entity (Lewis base). KEGG:C00701 Base base chebi_ontology Base1 Base2 Basen Nucleobase bases CHEBI:22695 base CHEBI:22695 Base ChEBI base ChEBI Base1 KEGG_COMPOUND Base2 KEGG_COMPOUND Basen ChEBI Nucleobase KEGG_COMPOUND bases ChEBI chebi_ontology carbon oxides oxides of carbon CHEBI:23014 carbon oxide CHEBI:23014 carbon oxides ChEBI oxides of carbon ChEBI Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. chebi_ontology entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet CHEBI:23367 molecular entity CHEBI:23367 entidad molecular IUPAC entidades moleculares IUPAC entite moleculaire IUPAC molecular entities IUPAC molekulare Entitaet ChEBI Any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions. The term is generally accepted for a substance taken for a therapeutic purpose, but is also commonly used for abused substances. chebi_ontology drugs medicine CHEBI:23888 drug CHEBI:23888 drugs ChEBI medicine ChEBI A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chebi_ontology CHEBI:24431 chemical entity CHEBI:24431 chemical entity UniProt A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. chebi_ontology biological function CHEBI:24432 biological role CHEBI:24432 biological function ChEBI A defined linked collection of atoms or a single atom within a molecular entity. chebi_ontology Gruppe Rest groupe grupo grupos CHEBI:24433 group CHEBI:24433 Gruppe ChEBI Rest ChEBI groupe IUPAC grupo IUPAC grupos IUPAC Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). chebi_ontology CHEBI:24651 hydroxides CHEBI:24651 A molecular entity that contains no carbon. chebi_ontology anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics CHEBI:24835 inorganic molecular entity CHEBI:24835 anorganische Verbindungen ChEBI inorganic compounds ChEBI inorganic entity ChEBI inorganic molecular entities ChEBI inorganics ChEBI Any intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites. CHEBI:26619 CHEBI:35220 chebi_ontology metabolites primary metabolites secondary metabolites CHEBI:25212 metabolite CHEBI:25212 metabolites ChEBI primary metabolites ChEBI secondary metabolites ChEBI A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules CHEBI:25362 elemental molecule CHEBI:25362 homoatomic molecule ChEBI homoatomic molecules ChEBI Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule chebi_ontology Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds CHEBI:25367 molecule CHEBI:25367 molecule IUPAC Molekuel ChEBI molecula IUPAC molecules IUPAC neutral molecular compounds IUPAC WebElements:N chebi_ontology 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno CHEBI:25555 nitrogen atom CHEBI:25555 7N IUPAC N IUPAC Stickstoff ChEBI azote IUPAC nitrogen ChEBI nitrogeno ChEBI chebi_ontology Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals CHEBI:25585 nonmetal atom CHEBI:25585 Nichtmetall ChEBI Nichtmetalle ChEBI no metal ChEBI no metales ChEBI non-metal ChEBI non-metaux ChEBI nonmetal ChEBI nonmetals ChEBI An oxide in which the oxygen atom is bonded to a carbon atom. chebi_ontology organic oxides CHEBI:25701 organic oxide CHEBI:25701 organic oxides ChEBI An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide chebi_ontology oxides CHEBI:25741 oxide CHEBI:25741 oxide ChEBI oxides ChEBI KEGG:C00007 WebElements:O chebi_ontology 8O O Sauerstoff oxigeno oxygen oxygene CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom CHEBI:25805 8O IUPAC O IUPAC Sauerstoff ChEBI oxigeno ChEBI oxygen ChEBI oxygene ChEBI oxygen molecular entity chebi_ontology oxygen molecular entities CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity ChEBI oxygen molecular entities ChEBI Any nutrient required in small quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Wikipedia:Micronutrient chebi_ontology micronutrients trace elements CHEBI:27027 micronutrient CHEBI:27027 micronutrients ChEBI trace elements ChEBI CHEBI:23009 CHEBI:3399 KEGG:C06265 WebElements:C chebi_ontology 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono CHEBI:27594 carbon atom CHEBI:27594 6C IUPAC C IUPAC C KEGG_COMPOUND Carbon KEGG_COMPOUND Kohlenstoff ChEBI carbon ChEBI carbone ChEBI carbonium ChEBI carbono ChEBI MolBase:1646 chebi_ontology H3O(+) Hydronium cation Hydronium ion [OH3](+) CHEBI:29412 oxonium CHEBI:29412 H3O(+) IUPAC Hydronium cation NIST_Chemistry_WebBook Hydronium ion ChemIDplus [OH3](+) MolBase chebi_ontology HO2(+) HOO(+) [HO2](+) CHEBI:29793 hydridodioxygen(1+) CHEBI:29793 HO2(+) IUPAC HOO(+) ChEBI [HO2](+) ChEBI chebi_ontology HNNH(2+) [HNNH](2+) CHEBI:30099 diazynediium CHEBI:30099 HNNH(2+) IUPAC [HNNH](2+) ChEBI chebi_ontology HN2+ N#NH(+) CHEBI:30102 diazynium CHEBI:30102 HN2+ NIST_Chemistry_WebBook N#NH(+) IUPAC WebElements:He chebi_ontology 2He He Helium helio helium CHEBI:30217 helium atom CHEBI:30217 2He IUPAC He IUPAC Helium ChEBI helio ChEBI helium ChEBI Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33232 application CHEBI:33232 A particle not known to have substructure. chebi_ontology elementary particles CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle CHEBI:33233 elementary particles ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydrides CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydride CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydrides ChEBI Any substituent group which does not contain carbon. chebi_ontology inorganic groups CHEBI:33246 inorganic group CHEBI:33246 inorganic groups ChEBI A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. CHEBI:22671 CHEBI:23907 chebi_ontology atome atomo atoms atomus element elements CHEBI:33250 atom CHEBI:33250 atome IUPAC atomo IUPAC atoms ChEBI atomus ChEBI element ChEBI elements ChEBI A nucleus is the positively charged central portion of an atom, excluding the orbital electrons. chebi_ontology Atomkern Kern noyau noyau atomique nuclei nucleo nucleo atomico nucleus atomi CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus CHEBI:33252 Atomkern ChEBI Kern ChEBI noyau IUPAC noyau atomique ChEBI nuclei ChEBI nucleo IUPAC nucleo atomico ChEBI nucleus atomi ChEBI Heavy nuclear particle: proton or neutron. nucleon chebi_ontology Nukleon Nukleonen nucleons CHEBI:33253 nucleon CHEBI:33253 nucleon IUPAC Nukleon ChEBI Nukleonen ChEBI nucleons ChEBI A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. chebi_ontology homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity CHEBI:33259 elemental molecular entity CHEBI:33259 homoatomic entity ChEBI homoatomic molecular entities ChEBI homoatomic molecular entity ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:33262 elemental oxygen CHEBI:33262 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33263 diatomic oxygen CHEBI:33263 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33266 diatomic nitrogen CHEBI:33266 chebi_ontology CHEBI:33267 elemental nitrogen CHEBI:33267 A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. chebi_ontology nutrients CHEBI:33284 nutrient CHEBI:33284 nutrients ChEBI A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. chebi_ontology heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entity CHEBI:33285 heteroorganic entities ChEBI organoelement compounds ChEBI Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. chebi_ontology group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes CHEBI:33300 pnictogen CHEBI:33300 group 15 elements ChEBI group V elements ChEBI nitrogenoideos ChEBI nitrogenoides ChEBI pnictogene ChEBI pnictogenes ChEBI A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity chebi_ontology pnictogen molecular entities CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity CHEBI:33302 pnictogen molecular entity ChEBI pnictogen molecular entities ChEBI Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. chebi_ontology Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements CHEBI:33303 chalcogen CHEBI:33303 Chalkogen ChEBI Chalkogene ChEBI anfigeno ChEBI anfigenos ChEBI calcogeno ChEBI calcogenos ChEBI chalcogene ChEBI chalcogenes ChEBI group 16 elements ChEBI group VI elements ChEBI Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chebi_ontology chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity CHEBI:33304 chalcogen molecular entity ChEBI chalcogen compounds ChEBI chalcogen molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements CHEBI:33306 carbon group element atom CHEBI:33306 carbon group element ChEBI carbon group elements ChEBI carbonoides ChEBI cristallogene ChEBI cristallogenes ChEBI group IV elements ChEBI chebi_ontology Edelgas Edelgase gas noble gases nobles gaz noble gaz nobles group 18 elements group VIII elements inert gases noble gas rare gases CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom CHEBI:33309 Edelgas ChEBI Edelgase ChEBI gas noble ChEBI gases nobles ChEBI gaz noble ChEBI gaz nobles ChEBI group 18 elements IUPAC group VIII elements ChEBI inert gases ChEBI noble gas ChEBI rare gases ChEBI An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. chebi_ontology Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element CHEBI:33318 main group element atom CHEBI:33318 Hauptgruppenelement ChEBI Hauptgruppenelemente ChEBI main group element ChEBI elemental pnictogen chebi_ontology elemental pnictogens CHEBI:33465 elemental pnictogen CHEBI:33465 elemental pnictogen ChEBI elemental pnictogens ChEBI An atom of an element that exhibits typical metallic properties, being typically shiny, with high electrical and thermal conductivity. CHEBI:25217 CHEBI:6788 KEGG:C00050 Wikipedia:Metal chebi_ontology elemental metal elemental metals metal element metal elements metals CHEBI:33521 metal atom CHEBI:33521 elemental metal ChEBI elemental metals ChEBI metal element ChEBI metal elements ChEBI metals ChEBI chebi_ontology s-block element s-block elements CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom CHEBI:33559 s-block element ChEBI s-block elements ChEBI Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. chebi_ontology p-block element p-block elements CHEBI:33560 p-block element atom CHEBI:33560 p-block element ChEBI p-block elements ChEBI A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. chebi_ontology main group compounds main group molecular entities CHEBI:33579 main group molecular entity CHEBI:33579 main group compounds ChEBI main group molecular entities ChEBI carbon group molecular entity chebi_ontology carbon group molecular entities CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity ChEBI carbon group molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity containing one or more atoms of any noble gas. noble gas molecular entity chebi_ontology noble gas compounds noble gas molecular entities CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity ChEBI noble gas compounds ChEBI noble gas molecular entities ChEBI chebi_ontology hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities CHEBI:33608 hydrogen molecular entity CHEBI:33608 hydrogen compounds ChEBI hydrogen molecular entities ChEBI An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity chebi_ontology s-block compounds s-block molecular entities CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity CHEBI:33674 s-block molecular entity ChEBI s-block compounds ChEBI s-block molecular entities ChEBI A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. chebi_ontology p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy CHEBI:33675 p-block molecular entity CHEBI:33675 p-block compounds ChEBI p-block molecular entities ChEBI p-block molecular entitiy ChEBI helium molecular entity chebi_ontology helium compounds helium molecular entities CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity ChEBI helium compounds ChEBI helium molecular entities ChEBI Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. chebi_ontology CHEBI:33692 hydrides CHEBI:33692 oxygen hydride chebi_ontology hydrides of oxygen oxygen hydrides CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride ChEBI hydrides of oxygen ChEBI oxygen hydrides ChEBI A macromolecule formed by a living organism. chebi_ontology Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers CHEBI:33694 biomacromolecule CHEBI:33694 Biopolymere ChEBI biomacromolecules ChEBI biopolymers ChEBI A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. Wikipedia:Macromolecule chebi_ontology macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers CHEBI:33839 macromolecule CHEBI:33839 macromolecules ChEBI polymer ChEBI polymer molecule IUPAC polymers ChEBI A substance used in a chemical reaction to detect, measure, examine, or produce other substances. chebi_ontology reactif reactivo reagents CHEBI:33893 reagent CHEBI:33893 reactif IUPAC reactivo IUPAC reagents ChEBI Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. chebi_ontology macronutrients CHEBI:33937 macronutrient CHEBI:33937 macronutrients ChEBI chebi_ontology nitrogen hydrides CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydride CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydrides ChEBI A substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation. chebi_ontology anti-inflammatory drugs antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory drug antiinflammatory drugs CHEBI:35472 anti-inflammatory drug CHEBI:35472 anti-inflammatory drugs ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory drug ChEBI antiinflammatory drugs ChEBI A drug that affects the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter or blood volume. chebi_ontology cardiovascular agent cardiovascular drugs CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular agent ChEBI cardiovascular drugs ChEBI A drug used to cause dilation of the blood vessels. chebi_ontology vasodilator vasodilator agents CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent CHEBI:35620 vasodilator ChEBI vasodilator agents ChEBI pnictogen hydride chebi_ontology pnictogen hydrides CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride ChEBI pnictogen hydrides ChEBI Lepton is a fermion that does not experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek lambdaepsilonpitauomicronsigma (small, thin). chebi_ontology leptons CHEBI:36338 lepton CHEBI:36338 leptons ChEBI Baryon is a fermion that does experience the strong force (strong interaction). The term is derived from the Greek betaalpharhoupsilonsigma (heavy). chebi_ontology baryons CHEBI:36339 baryon CHEBI:36339 baryons ChEBI Particle of half-integer spin quantum number following Fermi-Dirac statistics. Fermions are named after Enrico Fermi. chebi_ontology fermions CHEBI:36340 fermion CHEBI:36340 fermions ChEBI A particle smaller than an atom. Wikipedia:Subatomic_particle chebi_ontology subatomic particles CHEBI:36342 subatomic particle CHEBI:36342 subatomic particles ChEBI A subatomic particle known to have substructure (i.e. consisting of smaller particles). chebi_ontology composite particles CHEBI:36343 composite particle CHEBI:36343 composite particles ChEBI Hadron is a subatomic particle which experiences the strong force. chebi_ontology hadrons CHEBI:36344 hadron CHEBI:36344 hadrons ChEBI A nucleus or any of its constituents in any of their energy states. chebi_ontology CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle CHEBI:36347 Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. chebi_ontology polyatomic entities CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entity CHEBI:36357 polyatomic entities ChEBI chalcogen hydride chebi_ontology chalcogen hydrides CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride ChEBI chalcogen hydrides ChEBI argon molecular entity chebi_ontology argon compounds argon molecular entities CHEBI:36908 argon molecular entity CHEBI:36908 argon molecular entity ChEBI argon compounds ChEBI argon molecular entities ChEBI An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound chebi_ontology organochalcogen compounds CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound CHEBI:36962 organochalcogen compound ChEBI organochalcogen compounds ChEBI An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound chebi_ontology organooxygen compounds CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound CHEBI:36963 organooxygen compound ChEBI organooxygen compounds ChEBI chebi_ontology mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides CHEBI:37176 mononuclear parent hydride CHEBI:37176 mononuclear hydride ChEBI mononuclear hydrides IUPAC An acid is a molecular entity capable of donating a hydron (Bronsted acid) or capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (Lewis acid). CHEBI:13800 CHEBI:13801 CHEBI:22209 CHEBI:2426 KEGG:C00174 Acid chebi_ontology Saeure Saeuren acide acido acids CHEBI:37527 acid CHEBI:37527 Acid KEGG_COMPOUND Saeure ChEBI Saeuren ChEBI acide IUPAC acido ChEBI acids ChEBI A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chebi_ontology chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities CHEBI:37577 heteroatomic molecular entity CHEBI:37577 chemical compound ChEBI heteroatomic molecular entities ChEBI Substance which produces loss of feeling or sensation. chebi_ontology Anaesthetika Anaesthetikum anaesthetics anesthetic agent anesthetic drug anesthetics CHEBI:38867 anaesthetic CHEBI:38867 Anaesthetika ChEBI Anaesthetikum ChEBI anaesthetics ChEBI anesthetic agent ChEBI anesthetic drug ChEBI anesthetics ChEBI A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base). chebi_ontology Bronsted-Saeure acide de Bronsted donneur d'hydron hydron donor CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid CHEBI:39141 Bronsted-Saeure ChEBI acide de Bronsted IUPAC donneur d'hydron IUPAC hydron donor IUPAC A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). chebi_ontology Bronsted-Base accepteur d'hydron base de Bronsted hydron acceptor CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base CHEBI:39142 Bronsted-Base ChEBI accepteur d'hydron IUPAC base de Bronsted IUPAC hydron acceptor IUPAC CHEBI:24706 CHEBI:43171 PDBeChem:OH HYDROXY GROUP hydroxy group chebi_ontology -OH hydroxyl hydroxyl group CHEBI:43176 hydroxy group CHEBI:43176 HYDROXY GROUP PDBeChem hydroxy group UniProt -OH IUPAC hydroxyl ChEBI hydroxyl group ChEBI In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). Wikipedia:Mineral mineral chebi_ontology Minerale minerales minerals mineraux CHEBI:46662 mineral CHEBI:46662 mineral ChEBI Minerale ChEBI minerales ChEBI minerals ChEBI mineraux ChEBI A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Wikipedia:Solvent chebi_ontology Loesungsmittel solvant solvents CHEBI:46787 solvent CHEBI:46787 Loesungsmittel ChEBI solvant ChEBI solvents ChEBI A solvent that is composed of polar molecules. Polar solvents can dissolve ionic compounds or ionisable covalent compounds. chebi_ontology polar solvents CHEBI:48354 polar solvent CHEBI:48354 polar solvents ChEBI A polar solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) donor. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48356 protic solvent CHEBI:48356 Solvent that is capable of acting as a hydron (proton) acceptor. chebi_ontology HBA solvent hydrogen bond acceptor solvent CHEBI:48359 protophilic solvent CHEBI:48359 HBA solvent ChEBI hydrogen bond acceptor solvent ChEBI Self-ionizing solvent possessing both characteristics of Bronsted acids and bases. chebi_ontology CHEBI:48360 amphiprotic solvent CHEBI:48360 Substance that attaches to and blocks cell receptors that normally bind naturally occurring substances. chebi_ontology antagonista antagoniste antagonists CHEBI:48706 antagonist CHEBI:48706 antagonista ChEBI antagoniste ChEBI antagonists ChEBI CHEBI:33311 WebElements:Ar chebi_ontology 18Ar Ar argon CHEBI:49475 argon atom CHEBI:49475 18Ar IUPAC Ar IUPAC argon ChEBI CHEBI:24634 CHEBI:49636 WebElements:H chebi_ontology 1H H Wasserstoff hidrogeno hydrogen hydrogene CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom CHEBI:49637 1H IUPAC H IUPAC Wasserstoff ChEBI hidrogeno ChEBI hydrogen ChEBI hydrogene ChEBI chebi_ontology CHEBI:50312 onium compound CHEBI:50312 Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. chebi_ontology onium cations onium ion onium ions CHEBI:50313 onium cation CHEBI:50313 onium cations ChEBI onium ion ChEBI onium ions ChEBI Any molecular entity that contains carbon. CHEBI:25700 CHEBI:33244 chebi_ontology organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities CHEBI:50860 organic molecular entity CHEBI:50860 organic compounds ChEBI organic entity ChEBI organic molecular entities ChEBI A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. chebi_ontology CHEBI:50906 role CHEBI:50906 A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:51086 chemical role CHEBI:51086 CHEBI:25556 CHEBI:7594 KEGG:C06061 chebi_ontology Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities CHEBI:51143 nitrogen molecular entity CHEBI:51143 Nitrogenous compounds KEGG_COMPOUND nitrogen compounds ChEBI nitrogen molecular entities ChEBI A biological role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biochemical context. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52206 biochemical role CHEBI:52206 A biological role which describes how a drug interacts within a biological system and how the interactions affect its medicinal properties. chebi_ontology CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role CHEBI:52210 chebi_ontology CHEBI:52211 physiological role CHEBI:52211 Any substance introduced into a living organism with therapeutic or diagnostic purpose. CHEBI:33293 CHEBI:33294 chebi_ontology farmaco medicament pharmaceuticals CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical CHEBI:52217 farmaco ChEBI medicament ChEBI pharmaceuticals ChEBI chebi_ontology inorganic hydroxides CHEBI:52625 inorganic hydroxy compound CHEBI:52625 inorganic hydroxides ChEBI A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. chebi_ontology Chemische Substanz CHEBI:59999 chemical substance CHEBI:59999 Chemische Substanz ChEBI A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. chebi_ontology oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents CHEBI:63248 oxidising agent CHEBI:63248 oxidant ChEBI oxidants ChEBI oxidiser ChEBI oxidisers ChEBI oxidising agents ChEBI oxidizer ChEBI oxidizers ChEBI oxidizing agent ChEBI oxidizing agents ChEBI Any substance which is added to food to preserve or enhance its flavour and/or appearance. Wikipedia:Food_additive chebi_ontology food additives CHEBI:64047 food additive CHEBI:64047 food additives ChEBI An organic molecular entity containing a single carbon atom (C1). chebi_ontology one-carbon compounds CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compounds ChEBI Any compound that has anti-inflammatory effects. chebi_ontology anti-inflammatory agents antiinflammatory agent antiinflammatory agents CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agent CHEBI:67079 anti-inflammatory agents ChEBI antiinflammatory agent ChEBI antiinflammatory agents ChEBI Any molecule that consists of at least one carbon atom as part of the electrically neutral entity. chebi_ontology organic compound organic compounds organic molecules CHEBI:72695 organic molecule CHEBI:72695 organic compound ChEBI organic compounds ChEBI organic molecules ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in eukaryotes, the taxon that include members of the fungi, plantae and animalia kingdoms. chebi_ontology eukaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolites ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in animals that include diverse creatures from sponges, insects to mammals. CHEBI:77721 CHEBI:77743 chebi_ontology animal metabolites CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite CHEBI:75767 animal metabolites ChEBI Any animal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in mammals. CHEBI:77464 CHEBI:77744 chebi_ontology mammalian metabolites CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in a mouse (Mus musculus). chebi_ontology Mus musculus metabolite Mus musculus metabolites mouse metabolites CHEBI:75771 mouse metabolite CHEBI:75771 Mus musculus metabolite ChEBI Mus musculus metabolites ChEBI mouse metabolites ChEBI Any fungal metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). CHEBI:76949 CHEBI:76951 chebi_ontology S. cerevisiae metabolite S. cerevisiae metabolites S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites baker's yeast metabolite baker's yeast metabolites baker's yeast secondary metabolite baker's yeast secondary metabolites CHEBI:75772 Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite CHEBI:75772 S. cerevisiae metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolite ChEBI S. cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolites ChEBI Saccharomyces cerevisiae secondary metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast metabolites ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolite ChEBI baker's yeast secondary metabolites ChEBI Any metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in prokaryotes, the taxon that include members of domains such as the bacteria and archaea. chebi_ontology prokaryotic metabolites CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolites ChEBI A gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range, so contributing to the 'greenhouse effect'. Wikipedia:Greenhouse_gas chebi_ontology greenhouse gases CHEBI:76413 greenhouse gas CHEBI:76413 greenhouse gases ChEBI A compressed gas or liquid with a boiling point lower than room temperature which to used to propel and dispense liquids such as deodorants, insecticides, paints, etc. from aerosol cans. chebi_ontology propellants CHEBI:76414 propellant CHEBI:76414 propellants ChEBI Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. CHEBI:75765 CHEBI:76947 chebi_ontology fungal metabolites CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolites ChEBI Any prokaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in bacteria. CHEBI:75760 CHEBI:76970 chebi_ontology CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite CHEBI:76969 Any bacterial metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in Escherichia coli. chebi_ontology E.coli metabolite E.coli metabolites Escherichia coli metabolites CHEBI:76971 Escherichia coli metabolite CHEBI:76971 E.coli metabolite ChEBI E.coli metabolites ChEBI Escherichia coli metabolites ChEBI Any mammalian metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in humans (Homo sapiens). CHEBI:75770 CHEBI:77123 chebi_ontology H. sapiens metabolite H. sapiens metabolites Homo sapiens metabolite Homo sapiens metabolites CHEBI:77746 human metabolite CHEBI:77746 H. sapiens metabolite ChEBI H. sapiens metabolites ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolite ChEBI Homo sapiens metabolites ChEBI A food additive that is a (generally inert) gas which is used to envelop foodstuffs during packing and so protect them from unwanted chemical reactions such as food spoilage or oxidation during subsequent transport and storage. The term includes propellant gases, used to expel foods from a container. Wikipedia:Packaging_gas chebi_ontology food packaging gases CHEBI:77974 food packaging gas CHEBI:77974 food packaging gases ChEBI A propellant that is used to expel foods from an aerosol container. chebi_ontology food propellants CHEBI:78017 food propellant CHEBI:78017 food propellants ChEBI A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. chebi_ontology dietary component dietary components food components CHEBI:78295 food component CHEBI:78295 dietary component ChEBI dietary components ChEBI food components ChEBI A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. Wikipedia:Refrigerant chebi_ontology refrigerants CHEBI:78433 refrigerant CHEBI:78433 refrigerants ChEBI CL:0000000 A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 MESH:D002477 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah CL:0000219 A cell that moves by its own activities. motile cell A cell that moves by its own activities. FB:ma CL:0001061 A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models. 2017-01-30T18:53:32Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C12913 https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/448 abnormal cell A cell found in an organism or derived from an organism exhibiting a phenotype that deviates from the expected phenotype of any native cell type of that organism. Abnormal cells are typically found in disease states or disease models. GOC:add GOC:cg GOC:wdd CL:0001063 An abnormal cell exhibiting dysregulation of cell proliferation or programmed cell death and capable of forming a neoplasm, an aggregate of cells in the form of a tumor mass or an excess number of abnormal cells (liquid tumor) within an organism. 2017-01-30T19:16:26Z https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C12922 tumor cell tumour cell https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/448 neoplastic cell An abnormal cell exhibiting dysregulation of cell proliferation or programmed cell death and capable of forming a neoplasm, an aggregate of cells in the form of a tumor mass or an excess number of abnormal cells (liquid tumor) within an organism. GOC:add GOC:cg GOC:wdd ENVO:00000097 A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT ENVO:00000134 An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost ENVO:00000191 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT ENVO:00000339 A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock ENVO:00000340 A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. grain of sand granule of sand sand granule In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. particle of sand A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. ENVO:00000343 A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. grain of silt granule of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. ENVO:00000344 grain of desert sand ENVO:00000428 A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:809 major habitat type EcosytemType In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios. biome A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome LTER:809 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=809&/biomes major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000446 A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial biome A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes ENVO:00001995 A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) ENVO:00001998 An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil ENVO:00002005 The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air ENVO:00002006 An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma ENVO:00002007 Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment ENVO:00002982 Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. ENVO:00003074 A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product ENVO:00005800 Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand ENVO:00010483 A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket. environmental material A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. ENVO:00010504 A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material ENVO:0010001 Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma ENVO:01000016 Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. ENVO:01000017 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html ENVO:01000060 An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. particulate matter particulate environmental material ENVO:01000155 Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000179 A desert ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. SPIRE:Desert_or_dune desert biome ENVO:01000203 An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 ENVO:01000219 An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ ENVO:01000230 An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. EcoLexicon:aridity arid ENVO:01000254 A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 ENVO:01000256 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral ENVO:01000266 Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor ENVO:01000267 An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. LTER:48 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 atmospheric water vapour ENVO:01000268 Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor ENVO:01000276 A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. Specific ecoregions are geographically defined and instantiated entities (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra), and should be represented as instances / named individuals of ENVO:ecoregion or an appropriate subclass. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes ENVO:01000277 Ice which is formed from water. LTER:262 ice Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze. water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 ENVO:01000280 Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone ENVO:01000281 A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. layer A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. ENVO:01000293 A mass of water ice. accumulation of ice ice accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice mass ENVO:01000303 An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment ENVO:01000305 A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. high temperature environment ENVO:01000309 An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment ENVO:01000313 An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment ENVO:01000317 An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment ENVO:01000323 The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer atmospheric boundary layer ENVO:01000324 A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface ENVO:01000325 A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer ENVO:01000406 Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow ENVO:01000408 A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone ENVO:01000543 A layer that is part of the atmosphere. atmospheric layering This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 ENVO:01000544 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 ENVO:01000624 Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation ENVO:01000635 A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface ENVO:01000637 Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space ENVO:01000638 A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) ENVO:01000639 A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. planetary structural layer ENVO:01000640 A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) ENVO:01000646 A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere ENVO:01000703 Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation ENVO:01000724 Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation ENVO:01000726 Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) ENVO:01000752 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. NLCD:31 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000797 A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas ENVO:01000798 A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 ENVO:01000799 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object ENVO:01000800 A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet ENVO:01000801 An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star ENVO:01000804 An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object ENVO:01000813 A material part of an astronomical body. Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information. astronomical body part ENVO:01000814 An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material ENVO:01000815 An environmental material which is in a liquid state. This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material ENVO:01000817 An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere ENVO:01000819 An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere ENVO:01000820 An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere ENVO:01000845 A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal ENVO:01000846 A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. water ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. ENVO:01000875 A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation ENVO:01000895 A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. snow fall snowfall ENVO:01000951 An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment ENVO:01000952 A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization ENVO:01000958 A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet ENVO:01000982 A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. water flow process ENVO:01000993 A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing ENVO:01000997 An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality ENVO:01000998 An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material ENVO:01001023 A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation ENVO:01001026 A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation ENVO:01001044 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. soil environment ENVO:01001048 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. sediment environment ENVO:01001069 A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal ENVO:01001110 An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem LTER:173 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems ENVO:01001122 A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet ENVO:01001125 An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice ENVO:01001135 A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts. dry planet This class of planet is still mostly theoretical. desert planet ENVO:01001136 A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet ENVO:01001137 A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet ENVO:01001138 Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ENVO:01001147 A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet ENVO:01001154 A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. volatile Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles ENVO:01001155 An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles ENVO:01001164 A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. ENVO:01001191 The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface ENVO:01001192 The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface ENVO:01001199 An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone ENVO:01001200 A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone ENVO:01001211 An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. NCIT:C44445 solar radiation stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 ENVO:01001226 A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment ENVO:01001273 A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer ENVO:01001275 A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer ENVO:01001276 A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer ENVO:01001299 An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone ENVO:01001309 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer ENVO:01001310 A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer ENVO:01001311 A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer ENVO:01001357 A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. desert ENVO:01001434 A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process ENVO:01001477 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part ENVO:01001478 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material. gaseous astronomical body part ENVO:01001479 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. ENVO:01001483 A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body ENVO:01001501 An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance ENVO:01001510 A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. congelation congelation process Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation ENVO:01001524 Land which is below the freezing point of water. http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001526 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. frozen soil ENVO:01001548 A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing ENVO:01001549 A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. freezing of water into water ice ENVO:01001570 An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion ENVO:01001609 A layer which is part of a cryosphere. cryospheric layer ENVO:01001614 Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. ice-bearing permafrost ENVO:01001617 A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. ENVO:01001618 A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. ENVO:01001619 A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. ENVO:01001620 A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow ENVO:01001645 That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. gaseous part of an atmosphere ENVO:01001673 A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. fluid surface layer ENVO:01001677 A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. ENVO:01001678 A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. fluid layer ENVO:01001679 A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. ENVO:01001680 A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. gaseous front 2 ENVO:01001681 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. meteorological front This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." ENVO:01001682 An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. air mass ENVO:01001683 A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. gaseous surface layer ENVO:01001684 A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. interface layer ENVO:01001686 An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material ENVO:01001687 An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material ENVO:01001688 An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of fluid ENVO:01001689 An object which is composed primarily of a gas. gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of gas ENVO:01001690 An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of liquid 2 ENVO:01001691 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. mass of compounded environmental materials ENVO:01001698 A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. ENVO:01001780 An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. desert ecosystem ENVO:01001781 A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. part of a landmass ENVO:01001782 landmass ENVO:01001784 A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform ENVO:01001785 A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. ENVO:01001790 An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. terrestrial ecosystem ENVO:01001795 An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. ecosystem process ENVO:01001814 An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. organic object ENVO:01001824 An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. ecological succession An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. ENVO:01001827 An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. climactic ecological succession An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. ENVO:01001828 An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. anthropised ecosystem ENVO:01001838 A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. arid biome ENVO:01001852 A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. energy transfer process ENVO:01001856 A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. liquid accumulation process ENVO:01001884 A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. geographic feature The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. surface landform ENVO:01001886 A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. ENVO:01003001 A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water. water-holding capacity ENVO:01003002 A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. grain particle A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. ENVO:01003003 A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. clay particle The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of clay A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. ENVO:02000140 An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. fluid fluid environmental material An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/940 ENVO:02500000 A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process ENVO:02500003 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational. atmospheric process ENVO:02500027 An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process ENVO:02500031 An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class. hydrological process ENVO:03000008 A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction ENVO:03000009 A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. material accumulation process ENVO:03000010 A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material transport process ENVO:03000043 A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process ENVO:03000055 A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. desublimation of water vapour into ice ENVO:03000110 A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. cryoform ENVO:03000111 A mass of snow. accumulation of snow snow accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow mass ENVO:03000143 An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] ENVO:03400004 Snowfall which has an increased rate. intense snowfall heavy snow intense snow This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". heavy snowfall Snowfall which has an increased rate. This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". ENVO:03520007 A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake snow crystal A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444] ENVO:04000010 A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. soil surface layer ENVO:06105205 A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage compacted soil A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage ENVO:06105266 A layer that is composed primarily of soil. soil layer ENVO:06105271 Texture which inheres in soil. soil texture ENVO:06105304 Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. soil water-holding capacity water-holding capacity of soil Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. ENVO:09000004 The amount of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in environmental material ENVO:09000005 The amount of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in soil ENVO:09000006 The amount of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in water ENVO:09000013 The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in environmental material ENVO:09000014 The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in soil ENVO:09000015 The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in water ENVO:09200000 The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material ENVO:09200001 The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air ENVO:09200002 The quality of a environmental system process. quality of environmental system process environmental system process quality ENVO:09200004 The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil ENVO:09200008 The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil ENVO:09200009 The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil ENVO:09200012 The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil ENVO:09200014 The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water ENVO:09200017 The composition of some water. water composition composition of water ENVO:09200021 The color of some soil. soil color color of soil ENVO:09200034 The porosity of some snow. snow porosity porosity of snow ENVO:09200035 The porosity of some water ice. water ice porosity porosity of water ice Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some germ layer (FBbt:00000110). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000000 germ layer derivative FBbt:00000000 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some germ layer (FBbt:00000110). FlyBase:FBrf0043441 FlyBase:FBrf0053832 An individual member of the species Drosophila melanogaster. CARO:0000012 NCBITaxon:7227 UBERON:0000468 fly_anatomy.ontology Drosophila whole organism FBbt:00000001 organism FBbt:00000001 An individual member of the species Drosophila melanogaster. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 One of the three main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments. UBERON:6000002 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000002 tagma FBbt:00000002 One of the three main divisions of the whole organism formed from groups of segments. FBC:GG One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. UBERON:0000914 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000003 segment FBbt:00000003 One of the repeated divisions of the whole organism. FBC:GG Anterior part of the organism, including mouthparts, some sensory structures and the brain. UBERON:6000004 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000004 head FBbt:00000004 Anterior part of the organism, including mouthparts, some sensory structures and the brain. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. UBERON:6000005 fly_anatomy.ontology acron FBbt:00000005 While classically this structure is not considered to be a segment, but rather to be the non-segmental acron - anterior to the first segment, this ontology follows Schmidt-Ott and colleagues (Schmidt-Ott et al., 1994, and Schmidt-Ott and Technau, 1992) in considering it to be the second segment (posterior to the labral segment in the segmenting embryo). This is based on relating gene expression in the early segmenting embryo to the effects of loss of function mutations of these genes on formation of larval head structures. ocular segment FBbt:00000005 Head segment derived from the second embryonic segment (between the labral and antennal segments). In the larva, this segment includes Bolwig's organ. FlyBase:FBrf0055841 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). UBERON:6000006 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000006 head segment FBbt:00000006 Any segment (FBbt:00000003) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). FlyBase:FBrf0075072 A segment that is anterior to the gnathal segments. UBERON:6000007 pregnathal segment preoral segment fly_anatomy.ontology cephalic segment procephalon FBbt:00000007 procephalic segment FBbt:00000007 A segment that is anterior to the gnathal segments. FBC:GG Anteriormost procephalic segment, anterior to the ocular segment. In the adult it bears the clypeo-labrum. UBERON:6000008 fly_anatomy.ontology clypeo-labrum FBbt:00000008 labral segment FBbt:00000008 Anteriormost procephalic segment, anterior to the ocular segment. In the adult it bears the clypeo-labrum. FlyBase:FBrf0055841 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Segment anterior to the intercalary segment. In the adult it bears the antennae. UBERON:6000009 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000009 antennal segment FBbt:00000009 Segment anterior to the intercalary segment. In the adult it bears the antennae. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An organism that is undergoing embryogenesis (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). Embryogenesis begins with a fertilized egg, and finishes with hatching at the end of embryonic stage 17 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FBdv:00005289 UBERON:0000922 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000052 embryo FBbt:00000052 An organism that is undergoing embryogenesis (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). Embryogenesis begins with a fertilized egg, and finishes with hatching at the end of embryonic stage 17 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Embryo that is in the cleavage stage, which encompasses the first 13 rapid divisions after fertilization, corresponding to embryonic stages 1-4, prior to cellularization (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). The first seven divisions are synchronous (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). During the course of the subsequent three divisions, most of the nuclei approach the surface, to form the syncitial blastoderm (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). They then divide asynchronously a further three times, bringing the total number of cells to around 5000 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FBdv:00000054 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000054 cleavage stage embryo FBbt:00000054 Embryo that is in the cleavage stage, which encompasses the first 13 rapid divisions after fertilization, corresponding to embryonic stages 1-4, prior to cellularization (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). The first seven divisions are synchronous (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). During the course of the subsequent three divisions, most of the nuclei approach the surface, to form the syncitial blastoderm (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). They then divide asynchronously a further three times, bringing the total number of cells to around 5000 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0064803 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Complex primordium that is formed during gastrulation (stage 6-7), when anlagen invaginate from the monolayer of the cellular blastoderm (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997; Hartenstein, 2004). The invaginated anlagen become organized into the middle two layers of a three-layered tube structure (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). These three layers correspond to the three germ layers of the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm (from inner to outer, respectively), with each layer having distinct cell division patterns and cell fates (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). UBERON:0000923 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000110 germ layer FBbt:00000110 Complex primordium that is formed during gastrulation (stage 6-7), when anlagen invaginate from the monolayer of the cellular blastoderm (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997; Hartenstein, 2004). The invaginated anlagen become organized into the middle two layers of a three-layered tube structure (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). These three layers correspond to the three germ layers of the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm (from inner to outer, respectively), with each layer having distinct cell division patterns and cell fates (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0155831 FlyBase:FBrf0178740 Outermost germ layer of the embryo (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It is formed from the ectoderm anlage, which includes the cells of the cellular blastoderm monolayer that do not invaginate during gastrulation (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). UBERON:0000924 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000111 ectoderm FBbt:00000111 Outermost germ layer of the embryo (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It is formed from the ectoderm anlage, which includes the cells of the cellular blastoderm monolayer that do not invaginate during gastrulation (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0155831 FlyBase:FBrf0244630 The region of the ectoderm anterior to the cephalic furrow. UBERON:6000119 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000119 anterior ectoderm FBbt:00000119 The region of the ectoderm anterior to the cephalic furrow. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Any tagma of the embryo. UBERON:6000137 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000137 embryonic tagma FBbt:00000137 Any tagma of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Any segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000154 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000154 embryonic segment FBbt:00000154 Any segment of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Any head of the embryo. UBERON:0008816 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000155 embryonic head FBbt:00000155 Any head of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Any ocular segment of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic acron FBbt:00000156 embryonic ocular segment FBbt:00000156 Any ocular segment of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Any head segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000157 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000157 embryonic head segment FBbt:00000157 Any head segment of the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Any procephalic segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000158 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000158 embryonic procephalic segment FBbt:00000158 Any procephalic segment of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Any labral segment of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000159 embryonic labral segment FBbt:00000159 Any labral segment of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Any antennal segment of the embryo. UBERON:6000160 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000160 embryonic antennal segment FBbt:00000160 Any antennal segment of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated Primordium of the late extended germ band and closure embryo that gives rise to the embryonic/larval optic anlage. It corresponds to the middle region that develops from the visual primordium. UBERON:6000186 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00000186 embryonic optic lobe primordium FBbt:00000186 Primordium of the late extended germ band and closure embryo that gives rise to the embryonic/larval optic anlage. It corresponds to the middle region that develops from the visual primordium. FBC:VH FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0151275 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Apodeme that is part of the late embryo/larva. Apodemes are not a continuous structure, but are split into two halves. In the embryo, this break is visible laterally. In the larva, the dorsal and ventral halves in the thoracic and abdominal segments are staggered, with the dorsal part being posterior to the ventral one. embryonic/larval apodeme fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001005 larval apodeme FBbt:00001005 Apodeme that is part of the late embryo/larva. Apodemes are not a continuous structure, but are split into two halves. In the embryo, this break is visible laterally. In the larva, the dorsal and ventral halves in the thoracic and abdominal segments are staggered, with the dorsal part being posterior to the ventral one. FBC:SPR FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval nervous system. UBERON:6001055 fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic nervous system FBbt:00001055 presumptive embryonic/larval nervous system FBbt:00001055 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 embryonic nervous system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval central nervous system. UBERON:6001056 fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic central nervous system FBbt:00001056 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system FBbt:00001056 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval central nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0031012 embryonic central nervous system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Region that gives rise to the neuroblasts of the central nervous system (Bossing et al., 1996). An anterior region (procephalic neurogenic region) gives rise to the brain and a posterior, ventral region (ventral neuroectoderm) gives rise to the ventral nerve cord and gnathal ganglia (Bossing et al., 1996). UBERON:0002346 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001057 neurogenic region FBbt:00001057 Region that gives rise to the neuroblasts of the central nervous system (Bossing et al., 1996). An anterior region (procephalic neurogenic region) gives rise to the brain and a posterior, ventral region (ventral neuroectoderm) gives rise to the ventral nerve cord and gnathal ganglia (Bossing et al., 1996). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 FlyBase:FBrf0098344 Tissue which becomes morphologically distinct shortly after cephalic furrow formation as two strips of about 80 enlarged cells which extend dorso-ventrally on either side of the developing head. It gives rise to neuroblasts of the brain. pregnathal neuroectoderm procephalic neuroectoderm fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001058 procephalic neurogenic region FBbt:00001058 Tissue which becomes morphologically distinct shortly after cephalic furrow formation as two strips of about 80 enlarged cells which extend dorso-ventrally on either side of the developing head. It gives rise to neuroblasts of the brain. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0090460 pregnathal neuroectoderm FlyBase:FBrf0161020 procephalic neuroectoderm FlyBase:FBrf0161020 Primordium that develops from the posterior procephalic region of the embryo and gives rise to visual structures of the larva and adult (Green et al., 1993; Chang et al., 2001). An optic placode forms from cells of the visual primordium when they become columnar in shape towards the end of stage 11 (Green et al., 1993; Chang et al., 2001). This placode invaginates during stages 12-13, forming a deep pouch of approximately 85 cells (Green et al., 1993). Its ventral lip segregates from the rest of the primordium and develops into the Bolwig organ (Green et al., 1993). The remainder of the placode, which will form the optic lobe, detaches from the surface of the embryo and attaches to the lateral brain, maintaining a tubular appearance until larval hatching (Green et al., 1993). Its anterior and posterior domains will become the larval inner and outer optic anlage, respectively (Chang et al., 2001). The cells that will become the eye disc are anterior and dorsal to the optic lobe placode cells (Chang et al., 2001). They move into the interior of the embryo during head involution, when they are pushed under the dorsal ridge (Huang et al., 2017). UBERON:6001059 optic lobe placode optic lobe primordium fly_anatomy.ontology P2 VisSys FBbt:00001059 visual primordium FBbt:00001059 Primordium that develops from the posterior procephalic region of the embryo and gives rise to visual structures of the larva and adult (Green et al., 1993; Chang et al., 2001). An optic placode forms from cells of the visual primordium when they become columnar in shape towards the end of stage 11 (Green et al., 1993; Chang et al., 2001). This placode invaginates during stages 12-13, forming a deep pouch of approximately 85 cells (Green et al., 1993). Its ventral lip segregates from the rest of the primordium and develops into the Bolwig organ (Green et al., 1993). The remainder of the placode, which will form the optic lobe, detaches from the surface of the embryo and attaches to the lateral brain, maintaining a tubular appearance until larval hatching (Green et al., 1993). Its anterior and posterior domains will become the larval inner and outer optic anlage, respectively (Chang et al., 2001). The cells that will become the eye disc are anterior and dorsal to the optic lobe placode cells (Chang et al., 2001). They move into the interior of the embryo during head involution, when they are pushed under the dorsal ridge (Huang et al., 2017). FlyBase:FBrf0064481 FlyBase:FBrf0141490 FlyBase:FBrf0235170 FlyBase:FBrf0243080 optic lobe placode FlyBase:FBrf0141490 P2 VisSys https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Brain of the embryo, consisting of the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Crews, 2019). It develops from the procephalic neurogenic region (Urbach and Technau, 2003). UBERON:6001060 VFB:FBbt_00001060 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001060 embryonic brain FBbt:00001060 Brain of the embryo, consisting of the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Crews, 2019). It develops from the procephalic neurogenic region (Urbach and Technau, 2003). FlyBase:FBrf0161020 FlyBase:FBrf0244240 The ventrally/medially located ectodermal region of the trunk from which neuroblasts delaminate to form the ventral nerve cord and gnathal ganglia. This region becomes distinct during stage 8 when its cells become enlarged compared to those in the adjacent dorsal ectoderm. FBbt:00000113 P2 VenEc VenEc vNR ventral neurogenic region fly_anatomy.ontology neurectoderm neuroectoderm FBbt:00001061 ventral neurectoderm FBbt:00001061 The ventrally/medially located ectodermal region of the trunk from which neuroblasts delaminate to form the ventral nerve cord and gnathal ganglia. This region becomes distinct during stage 8 when its cells become enlarged compared to those in the adjacent dorsal ectoderm. FlyBase:FBrf0076117 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 vNR FlyBase:FBrf0090460 ventral neurogenic region FlyBase:FBrf0090460 Embryonic structure that will develop into a larval imaginal tissue, which will later form an adult structure (Cohen, 1993). UBERON:6001648 embryonic imaginal precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001648 embryonic imaginal tissue FBbt:00001648 Embryonic structure that will develop into a larval imaginal tissue, which will later form an adult structure (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Population of contiguous, morphologically distinct cells of the embryo that will proliferate to form an imaginal disc in the larva. During early embryogenesis the precursor is part of the epithelial sheet before segregating from the epithelial sheet by late embryogenesis (Cohen, 1993). UBERON:6001649 fly_anatomy.ontology imaginal disc specific anlage FBbt:00001649 imaginal disc primordium FBbt:00001649 Population of contiguous, morphologically distinct cells of the embryo that will proliferate to form an imaginal disc in the larva. During early embryogenesis the precursor is part of the epithelial sheet before segregating from the epithelial sheet by late embryogenesis (Cohen, 1993). FBC:SPR FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Primordium from which the eye-antennal disc develops. UBERON:6001652 fly_anatomy.ontology eye-antennal disc specific anlage FBbt:00001652 eye-antennal disc primordium FBbt:00001652 Primordium from which the eye-antennal disc develops. FBC:SPR Organism during the period between hatching and prepupa formation. UBERON:0002548 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001727 larva FBbt:00001727 Organism during the period between hatching and prepupa formation. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Any tagma of the larva. UBERON:6001728 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001728 larval tagma FBbt:00001728 Any tagma of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any segment of the larva. UBERON:6001729 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001729 larval segment FBbt:00001729 Any segment of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any head of the larva. UBERON:6001730 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001730 larval head FBbt:00001730 Any head of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any ocular segment of the larva. UBERON:6001731 fly_anatomy.ontology larval acron FBbt:00001731 larval ocular segment FBbt:00001731 Any ocular segment of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any head segment of the larva. UBERON:6001732 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001732 larval head segment FBbt:00001732 Any head segment of the larva. FlyBase:FBrf0075072 Any procephalic segment of the larva. UBERON:6001733 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001733 larval procephalic segment FBbt:00001733 Any procephalic segment of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any labral segment of the larva. UBERON:6001734 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001734 larval labral segment FBbt:00001734 Any labral segment of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any antennal segment of the larva. UBERON:6001735 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001735 larval antennal segment FBbt:00001735 Any antennal segment of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Imaginal tissue that is found in the larva and will develop into an adult structure during metamorphosis. UBERON:6001760 embryonic/larval imaginal precursor larval imaginal precursor fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001760 larval imaginal tissue FBbt:00001760 Imaginal tissue that is found in the larva and will develop into an adult structure during metamorphosis. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 A sac shaped epithelial structure in the larva that gives rise to part of the adult integumentary system. One side of the sac consists of peripodial epithelium, the other of columnar epithelium. A single anterior-posterior compartment boundary bisects both peripodial membrane and columnar epithelium. Cells do not cross this boundary during growth and development of the disc. UBERON:0000939 fly_anatomy.ontology imaginal disk FBbt:00001761 imaginal disc FBbt:00001761 A sac shaped epithelial structure in the larva that gives rise to part of the adult integumentary system. One side of the sac consists of peripodial epithelium, the other of columnar epithelium. A single anterior-posterior compartment boundary bisects both peripodial membrane and columnar epithelium. Cells do not cross this boundary during growth and development of the disc. FBC:GG Imaginal disc that, in the adults, gives rise to the eye, antenna, head capsule (including all bristles and external membranes) and the maxillary palps (Cohen, 1993). UBERON:6001766 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001766 Figure 12 from Cohen (1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 747--841) provides a fate map of the eye-antennal disc. eye-antennal disc FBbt:00001766 Imaginal disc that, in the adults, gives rise to the eye, antenna, head capsule (including all bristles and external membranes) and the maxillary palps (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Anterior, bulbous portion of the eye-antennal disc that gives rise to the eye as well as contributing to the head capsule (Cohen, 1993). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001768 Figure 12 from Cohen (1993, Bate, Martinez Arias, 1993: 747--841) provides a fate map of the eye-antennal disc. eye disc FBbt:00001768 Anterior, bulbous portion of the eye-antennal disc that gives rise to the eye as well as contributing to the head capsule (Cohen, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064789 Any digestive system of the larva. FBbt:00005764 UBERON:6001842 embryonic/larval digestive system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001842 larval digestive system FBbt:00001842 Any digestive system of the larva. FlyBase:FBrf0007733 FlyBase:FBrf0064792 Nervous system of the embryo/larva. FBbt:00005719 UBERON:6001911 VFB:FBbt_00001911 embryonic/larval nervous system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001911 larval nervous system FBbt:00001911 Nervous system of the embryo/larva. FlyBase:FBrf0045359 FlyBase:FBrf0075072 FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Neuromere of the larval nervous system. VFB:FBbt_00001912 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001912 larval neuromere FBbt:00001912 Neuromere of the larval nervous system. FlyBase:FBrf0047815 FlyBase:FBrf0084032 FlyBase:FBrf0089217 FlyBase:FBrf0105282 Central nervous system of the embryo/larva. UBERON:6001919 VFB:FBbt_00001919 embryonic/larval CNS embryonic/larval central nervous system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001919 larval central nervous system FBbt:00001919 Central nervous system of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR Supraesophageal ganglion of the late embryo or larva, consisting of the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Li et al., 2014; Crews, 2019). UBERON:6001920 VFB:FBbt_00001920 embryonic/larval SPG embryonic/larval brain embryonic/larval supraesophageal complex embryonic/larval supraesophageal ganglion larval SPG larval cerebral ganglion larval supraesophageal ganglion fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001920 larval brain FBbt:00001920 Supraesophageal ganglion of the late embryo or larva, consisting of the protocerebrum, deutocerebrum and tritocerebrum (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Li et al., 2014; Crews, 2019). FlyBase:FBrf0161020 FlyBase:FBrf0225812 FlyBase:FBrf0244240 embryonic/larval supraesophageal complex FlyBase:FBrf0225812 Protocerebrum of the embryo/larva. UBERON:6001925 VFB:FBbt_00001925 larvalbrain_neuropil:392 larvalbrain_neuropil:570 embryonic/larval protocerebrum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001925 larval protocerebrum FBbt:00001925 Protocerebrum of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR Region of the embryonic or larval brain that contains the neuroepithelial cells that will give rise to the adult optic lobe, and the larval optic neuropil that processes visual information in the larva. VFB:FBbt_00001930 larvalbrain_neuropil:391 larvalbrain_neuropil:569 larval optic lobe fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001930 embryonic/larval optic lobe FBbt:00001930 Region of the embryonic or larval brain that contains the neuroepithelial cells that will give rise to the adult optic lobe, and the larval optic neuropil that processes visual information in the larva. FlyBase:FBrf0052913 FlyBase:FBrf0064800 FlyBase:FBrf0215208 Deutocerebrum of the embryo/larva. VFB:FBbt_00001957 larvalbrain_neuropil:337 larvalbrain_neuropil:515 embryonic/larval deuterocerebrum embryonic/larval deutocerebrum larval deuterocerebrum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00001957 larval deutocerebrum FBbt:00001957 Deutocerebrum of the embryo/larva. FBC:SPR Any sense organ of the larva. UBERON:6002639 VFB:FBbt_00002639 embryonic/larval sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002639 larval sense organ FBbt:00002639 Any sense organ of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any larval sense organ (FBbt:00002639) that is part of some ocular segment (FBbt:00000005). UBERON:6002642 VFB:FBbt_00002642 embryonic/larval ocular segment sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002642 larval ocular segment sense organ FBbt:00002642 Any larval sense organ (FBbt:00002639) that is part of some ocular segment (FBbt:00000005). FBC:Autogenerated Any larval sense organ (FBbt:00002639) that is part of some labral segment (FBbt:00000008). FBbt:00002650 VFB:FBbt_00002649 larval labral segment sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002649 embryonic/larval labral segment sense organ FBbt:00002649 Any larval sense organ (FBbt:00002639) that is part of some labral segment (FBbt:00000008). FBC:Autogenerated Any larval sense organ (FBbt:00002639) that is part of some antennal segment (FBbt:00000009). VFB:FBbt_00002654 embryonic/larval antennal segment sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00002654 larval antennal segment sense organ FBbt:00002654 Any larval sense organ (FBbt:00002639) that is part of some antennal segment (FBbt:00000009). FBC:Autogenerated The prepupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins at puparium formation and ends when larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the completion of imaginal head sac eversion and the expulsion of the oral armature of the larva. Duration at 25 degrees C is approximately 12 hours. It occurs 120-132.2 hours after egg laying, and is the period of 0-12.2 hours after puparium formation. UBERON:0003142 fly_anatomy.ontology PP FBbt:00002952 prepupa FBbt:00002952 The prepupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins at puparium formation and ends when larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the completion of imaginal head sac eversion and the expulsion of the oral armature of the larva. Duration at 25 degrees C is approximately 12 hours. It occurs 120-132.2 hours after egg laying, and is the period of 0-12.2 hours after puparium formation. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 The pupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins once larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the expulsion of the larval armature. Early in this stage the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen. The stage ends when the pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis (pupal/adult apolysis), and the eye cup becomes yellow at its periphery. The duration of this stage is approximately 32 hours at 25 degrees C, and spans from 132.2-164.3 hours after egg laying, or is the period of 12.2-44.3 hours after puparium formation. UBERON:0003143 fly_anatomy.ontology P FBbt:00002953 pupa FBbt:00002953 The pupa is the name given to the organism at the period of the life cycle that begins once larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the expulsion of the larval armature. Early in this stage the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen. The stage ends when the pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis (pupal/adult apolysis), and the eye cup becomes yellow at its periphery. The duration of this stage is approximately 32 hours at 25 degrees C, and spans from 132.2-164.3 hours after egg laying, or is the period of 12.2-44.3 hours after puparium formation. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Organism at any stage after completing eclosion. UBERON:0007023 fly_anatomy.ontology imago FBbt:00003004 adult FBbt:00003004 Organism at any stage after completing eclosion. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Any tagma of the adult. UBERON:6003005 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003005 adult tagma FBbt:00003005 Any tagma of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Segment of the adult. UBERON:6003006 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003006 adult segment FBbt:00003006 Segment of the adult. FBC:SPR Head of the adult organism. UBERON:6003007 https://www.ento.csiro.au/biology/drosophila/melanogaster.html?head fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003007 adult head FBbt:00003007 Head of the adult organism. FBC:SPR Any ocular segment of the adult. fly_anatomy.ontology adult acron FBbt:00003008 adult ocular segment FBbt:00003008 Any ocular segment of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Segment of the adult head. UBERON:6003009 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003009 adult head segment FBbt:00003009 Segment of the adult head. FlyBase:FBrf0064788 Any procephalic segment of the adult. UBERON:6003010 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003010 adult procephalic segment FBbt:00003010 Any procephalic segment of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Any labral segment of the adult. UBERON:6003011 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003011 adult labral segment FBbt:00003011 Any labral segment of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Any antennal segment of the adult. FBbt:00004512 UBERON:6003012 adult antennal structure fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003012 adult antennal segment FBbt:00003012 Any antennal segment of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Digestive system of the adult, comprising the alimentary canal, mouthparts, labellar glands, salivary glands and Malpighian tubules (Miller, 1950). The adult alimentary canal and salivary glands arise anew from precursors during metamorphosis (Bodenstein, 1950). The adult Malpighian tubules are remodelled from those of the larva (Bodenstein, 1950). fly_anatomy.ontology pupal/adult digestive system FBbt:00003123 adult digestive system FBbt:00003123 Digestive system of the adult, comprising the alimentary canal, mouthparts, labellar glands, salivary glands and Malpighian tubules (Miller, 1950). The adult alimentary canal and salivary glands arise anew from precursors during metamorphosis (Bodenstein, 1950). The adult Malpighian tubules are remodelled from those of the larva (Bodenstein, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007733 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 The entire anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. UBERON:0001555 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003125 alimentary canal FBbt:00003125 The entire anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Apodeme that is part of an adult. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003516 adult apodeme FBbt:00003516 Apodeme that is part of an adult. FBC:SPR Any nervous system of the adult. UBERON:6003559 VFB:FBbt_00003559 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003559 adult nervous system FBbt:00003559 Any nervous system of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0002482 FlyBase:FBrf0007196 FlyBase:FBrf0007735 FlyBase:FBrf0034076 Central nervous system of the adult. UBERON:6003623 VFB:FBbt_00003623 adult CNS fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003623 adult central nervous system FBbt:00003623 Central nervous system of the adult. FBC:SPR Portion of the adult central nervous system found in the head, consisting of the cerebral and gnathal ganglia (Ito et al., 2014). UBERON:6003624 VFB:FBbt_00003624 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003624 adult brain FBbt:00003624 Portion of the adult central nervous system found in the head, consisting of the cerebral and gnathal ganglia (Ito et al., 2014). FlyBase:FBrf0224194 The pre-oral neuropils of the brain located above and some of it below the esophagus, comprising three fused ganglia (protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum) in the head. UBERON:6003626 VFB:FBbt_00003626 fly_anatomy.ontology SPG FBbt:00003626 In the adult, this region is referred to as cerebral ganglia (Ito et al., 2014). supraesophageal ganglion FBbt:00003626 The pre-oral neuropils of the brain located above and some of it below the esophagus, comprising three fused ganglia (protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum) in the head. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 The most anterior neuromere of the central nervous system, developing from neuroblasts of the labral and ocular segments (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Ito et al., 2014). The protocerebrum comprises many discrete neuropil regions including the central complex and mushroom bodies (Ito et al., 2014). UBERON:6003627 VFB:FBbt_00003627 PR protocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003627 Urbach and Technau (2003) divide the protocerebrum into labral and ocular neuromeres. protocerebrum FBbt:00003627 The most anterior neuromere of the central nervous system, developing from neuroblasts of the labral and ocular segments (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Ito et al., 2014). The protocerebrum comprises many discrete neuropil regions including the central complex and mushroom bodies (Ito et al., 2014). FlyBase:FBrf0161020 FlyBase:FBrf0224194 PR FlyBase:FBrf0224194 protocerebral neuromere FlyBase:FBrf0092819 Neuromere of the antennal segment, located between the protocerebrum and tritocerebrum, connected to antennal nerve trunk (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Ito et al., 2014). VFB:FBbt_00003923 deuterocerebral neuromere deuterocerebrum deutocerebral neuromere fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00003923 deutocerebrum FBbt:00003923 Neuromere of the antennal segment, located between the protocerebrum and tritocerebrum, connected to antennal nerve trunk (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Ito et al., 2014). FlyBase:FBrf0161020 FlyBase:FBrf0224194 deuterocerebral neuromere FlyBase:FBrf0092819 Any sense organ of the adult. VFB:FBbt_00004113 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004113 adult sense organ FBbt:00004113 Any sense organ of the adult. FlyBase:FBrf0007734 FlyBase:FBrf0031004 Any sensillum (FBbt:00007152) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). UBERON:0000963 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004114 head sensillum FBbt:00004114 Any sensillum (FBbt:00007152) that is part of some head (FBbt:00000004). FBC:Autogenerated Anlage that develops into the ventral ectoderm. It is found in the lateroventral trunk region of the embryo at the cellular blastoderm stage, prior to gastrulation (Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020). presumptive neuroectoderm ventral/neuroectoderm anlage fly_anatomy.ontology Asn/A VenEc FBbt:00004204 ventral ectoderm anlage FBbt:00004204 Anlage that develops into the ventral ectoderm. It is found in the lateroventral trunk region of the embryo at the cellular blastoderm stage, prior to gastrulation (Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020). FlyBase:FBrf0244630 presumptive neuroectoderm FlyBase:FBrf0244630 ventral/neuroectoderm anlage FlyBase:FBrf0244630 Asn/A VenEc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Any developing material anatomical entity of the embryo. UBERON:0002050 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004208 developing embryonic structure FBbt:00004208 Any developing material anatomical entity of the embryo. FBC:Autogenerated A collective term for stages 11 and 12. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004450 late extended germ band embryo FBbt:00004450 A collective term for stages 11 and 12. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A bilaterally paired compound sense organ of the adult head that functions in visual perception. UBERON:0000018 VFB:FBbt_00004508 https://www.ento.csiro.au/biology/drosophila/melanogaster.html?compound%20eye fly_anatomy.ontology compound eye FBbt:00004508 eye FBbt:00004508 A bilaterally paired compound sense organ of the adult head that functions in visual perception. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A division of the whole organism into specialized systems. UBERON:0000467 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004856 organ system FBbt:00004856 A division of the whole organism into specialized systems. FBC:GG The organ system that forms the covering layer of the animal. UBERON:0002416 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004969 integumentary system FBbt:00004969 The organ system that forms the covering layer of the animal. FBC:GG The outer non-living layer of the integumentary system that is secreted by the underlying epidermis. UBERON:0001001 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004970 cuticle FBbt:00004970 The outer non-living layer of the integumentary system that is secreted by the underlying epidermis. FlyBase:FBrf0064790 Non-innervated projection of the cuticle around an actin-rich cellular process of an underlying epidermal cell. UBERON:6004979 fly_anatomy.ontology cell hair FBbt:00004979 trichome FBbt:00004979 Non-innervated projection of the cuticle around an actin-rich cellular process of an underlying epidermal cell. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Cuticle of the late embryo or larva. UBERON:6004983 larval cuticle fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00004983 embryonic/larval cuticle FBbt:00004983 Cuticle of the late embryo or larva. FlyBase:FBrf0234504 Tissue composed of epithelial cells. It secretes and underlies the cuticle. UBERON:0007376 fly_anatomy.ontology hypoderm hypodermis FBbt:00004993 epidermis FBbt:00004993 Tissue composed of epithelial cells. It secretes and underlies the cuticle. FlyBase:FBrf0064790 Organ system comprising the alimentary canal and its associated organs, including the mouthparts, labellar and salivary glands and the Malpighian tubules (Miller, 1950). UBERON:0001007 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005055 digestive system FBbt:00005055 Organ system comprising the alimentary canal and its associated organs, including the mouthparts, labellar and salivary glands and the Malpighian tubules (Miller, 1950). FlyBase:FBrf0007735 A cuticular ingrowth of the exoskeleton, sometimes only a peg, frequently ridge-like, and often serving as a muscle attachment site. Does not generally correspond to superficial invaginations. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005091 apodeme FBbt:00005091 A cuticular ingrowth of the exoskeleton, sometimes only a peg, frequently ridge-like, and often serving as a muscle attachment site. Does not generally correspond to superficial invaginations. FlyBase:FBrf0111704 FlyBase:FBrf0166419 FlyBase:FBrf0230923 All the nerve centers and nerve fibers in the central, visceral and peripheral nervous systems. UBERON:0001016 VFB:FBbt_00005093 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005093 nervous system FBbt:00005093 All the nerve centers and nerve fibers in the central, visceral and peripheral nervous systems. FlyBase:FBrf0166419 Collective name for all the nerve centers and their connective in the insect's body. In the context of Drosophila refers to the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and ventral ganglia. UBERON:0001017 VFB:FBbt_00005094 fly_anatomy.ontology CNS FBbt:00005094 central nervous system FBbt:00005094 Collective name for all the nerve centers and their connective in the insect's body. In the context of Drosophila refers to the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and ventral ganglia. FBC:GG FlyBase:FBrf0166419 Anterodorsal portion of the central nervous system. The neuromeres considered to be part of the brain vary by stage. In the larva, the cerebral (supraesophageal) neuromeres, which form a bilateral pair of lobes, constitute the brain (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Li et al., 2014; Crews, 2019). During metamorphosis, the gnathal ganglion separates from the prothoracic neuromere and fuses with the supraesophageal ganglion, to become the ventral part of the adult brain (Ito et al., 2014; Hartenstein et al., 2018; Kendroud et al., 2018). UBERON:0000955 VFB:FBbt_00005095 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005095 brain FBbt:00005095 Anterodorsal portion of the central nervous system. The neuromeres considered to be part of the brain vary by stage. In the larva, the cerebral (supraesophageal) neuromeres, which form a bilateral pair of lobes, constitute the brain (Urbach and Technau, 2003; Li et al., 2014; Crews, 2019). During metamorphosis, the gnathal ganglion separates from the prothoracic neuromere and fuses with the supraesophageal ganglion, to become the ventral part of the adult brain (Ito et al., 2014; Hartenstein et al., 2018; Kendroud et al., 2018). FlyBase:FBrf0161020 FlyBase:FBrf0224194 FlyBase:FBrf0225812 FlyBase:FBrf0237251 FlyBase:FBrf0237252 FlyBase:FBrf0244240 Any of a number of aggregations of neurons, glial cells and their processes, and surrounded by a glial cell and connective tissue sheath (plural: ganglia). VFB:FBbt_00005137 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005137 ganglion FBbt:00005137 A segmental subdivision of the nervous system. VFB:FBbt_00005140 fly_anatomy.ontology ganglion FBbt:00005140 neuromere FBbt:00005140 A segmental subdivision of the nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Multicellular anatomical structure with largely bona fide boundary that transduces some sensory stimulus to the nervous system. UBERON:0000020 VFB:FBbt_00005155 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005155 sense organ FBbt:00005155 Multicellular anatomical structure with largely bona fide boundary that transduces some sensory stimulus to the nervous system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A light sensitive sense organ. UBERON:0000970 VFB:FBbt_00005162 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005162 photoreceptor FBbt:00005162 A light sensitive sense organ. FBC:GG Sensory organ that has external structures that detect mechanical or chemical stimuli. UBERON:6005168 VFB:FBbt_00005168 eo es fly_anatomy.ontology sensillum FBbt:00005168 external sensory organ FBbt:00005168 Sensory organ that has external structures that detect mechanical or chemical stimuli. FlyBase:FBrf0064796 es FlyBase:FBrf0064796 Embryo prior to the formation of the syncitial blastoderm, shortly after nuclear cycle 9 (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This period lasts from fertilization to the end of embryonic stage 3 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FBdv:00005290 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005290 pre-blastoderm embryo FBbt:00005290 Embryo prior to the formation of the syncitial blastoderm, shortly after nuclear cycle 9 (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This period lasts from fertilization to the end of embryonic stage 3 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0220623 Nuclear divisions 1 and 2. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 25 minutes (0-25 minutes after egg laying). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005291 DEPRECATION WARNING. stage 1 embryo FBbt:00005291 Nuclear divisions 1 and 2. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 25 minutes (0-25 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Nuclear divisions 3-8. The egg cytoplasm contracts producing a clear separation from the vitelline membrane and empty spaces at the anterior and posterior. The cleavage nuclei migrate towards the periphery. Duration at 25 degrees C approximately 40 minutes (25-65 minutes AEL). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005293 DEPRECATION WARNING. stage 2 embryo FBbt:00005293 Nuclear divisions 3-8. The egg cytoplasm contracts producing a clear separation from the vitelline membrane and empty spaces at the anterior and posterior. The cleavage nuclei migrate towards the periphery. Duration at 25 degrees C approximately 40 minutes (25-65 minutes AEL). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Nuclear division 9. The cleavage nuclei complete there migration to the periphery. Polar buds form at the posterior pole and divide once. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 15 minutes (65-80 minutes after egg laying). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005301 DEPRECATION WARNING. stage 3 embryo FBbt:00005301 Nuclear division 9. The cleavage nuclei complete there migration to the periphery. Polar buds form at the posterior pole and divide once. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 15 minutes (65-80 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Embryo during the blastoderm stage, where most nuclei are found at the cortex (periphery) of the embryo (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). The blastoderm stage begins shortly after completion of the ninth cleavage division and lasts until the onset of gastrulation, including cleavage cycles 10-14A (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This corresponds to embryonic stages 4 (syncitial blastoderm stage) and 5 (cellular blastoderm stage) (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FBdv:00005304 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005304 blastoderm embryo FBbt:00005304 Embryo during the blastoderm stage, where most nuclei are found at the cortex (periphery) of the embryo (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). The blastoderm stage begins shortly after completion of the ninth cleavage division and lasts until the onset of gastrulation, including cleavage cycles 10-14A (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This corresponds to embryonic stages 4 (syncitial blastoderm stage) and 5 (cellular blastoderm stage) (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0220623 A blastoderm embryo prior to cellularization (corresponds to embryonic stages 3 and 4). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005305 DEPRECATION WARNING. syncytial blastoderm embryo FBbt:00005305 A blastoderm embryo prior to cellularization (corresponds to embryonic stages 3 and 4). FBC:GG https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Nuclear division 10-13. Polar buds divide twice and become tightly grouped at the posterior pole by the end of this stage. Nuclei visible at the rim of the embryo. Stage 4 ends with the beginning of cellularization. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 50 minutes (80-130 minutes after egg laying). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005306 DEPRECATION WARNING. stage 4 embryo FBbt:00005306 Nuclear division 10-13. Polar buds divide twice and become tightly grouped at the posterior pole by the end of this stage. Nuclei visible at the rim of the embryo. Stage 4 ends with the beginning of cellularization. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 50 minutes (80-130 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 5 begins when cellularization starts. Near the end of this stage the pole cells begin to migrate dorsally and ventral midline cells acquire an irregular, wavy appearance. Stage 5 ends when ventral furrow formation becomes apparent. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 40 minutes (130-170 minutes after egg laying). fly_anatomy.ontology cellular blastoderm embryo FBbt:00005311 DEPRECATION WARNING. stage 5 embryo FBbt:00005311 Stage 5 begins when cellularization starts. Near the end of this stage the pole cells begin to migrate dorsally and ventral midline cells acquire an irregular, wavy appearance. Stage 5 ends when ventral furrow formation becomes apparent. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 40 minutes (130-170 minutes after egg laying). FBC:MA FlyBase:FBrf0089570 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Embryo that is in the process of gastrulation (encompassing embryonic stages 6-8), during which complex morphogenetic movements result in the formation of the three germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm (Hartenstein, 1993). FBdv:00005317 UBERON:0004734 gastrulation stage embryo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005317 gastrula embryo FBbt:00005317 Embryo that is in the process of gastrulation (encompassing embryonic stages 6-8), during which complex morphogenetic movements result in the formation of the three germ layers; ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm (Hartenstein, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064803 Embryo during stages 9-12. FBdv:00005321 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005321 extended germ band embryo FBbt:00005321 Embryo during stages 9-12. FlyBase:FBrf0229323 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Embryo during the dorsal closure stage, which corresponds to stages 13-15 (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). Dorsal closure occurs by extension of the dorsal epidermal primordium on either side, leading to fusion at the dorsal midline (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FBdv:00005331 fly_anatomy.ontology contracted germ band embryo head involution embryo FBbt:00005331 dorsal closure embryo FBbt:00005331 Embryo during the dorsal closure stage, which corresponds to stages 13-15 (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). Dorsal closure occurs by extension of the dorsal epidermal primordium on either side, leading to fusion at the dorsal midline (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0064803 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Embryo during stages 16 and 17. FBdv:00005333 UBERON:0000323 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005333 late embryo FBbt:00005333 Embryo during stages 16 and 17. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A posterior part of the alimentary canal derived from the ectoderm. It extends anteriorly from close to the point of attachment of the Malpighian tubules to the anus. It is lined on its luminal side by an impermeable cuticle (Skaer, 1993). UBERON:0001046 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005384 Adult and larval hindguts express the transcription factor brachyenteron (Sawyer et al., 2017). hindgut FBbt:00005384 A posterior part of the alimentary canal derived from the ectoderm. It extends anteriorly from close to the point of attachment of the Malpighian tubules to the anus. It is lined on its luminal side by an impermeable cuticle (Skaer, 1993). FBC:GG FlyBase:FBrf0064792 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval integumentary system. fly_anatomy.ontology embryonic integumentary system FBbt:00005392 presumptive embryonic/larval integumentary system FBbt:00005392 The sum of all the structures in the embryo that will develop into the embryonic/larval integumentary system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 embryonic integumentary system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Integumentary system of the late embryo or larva. UBERON:6005393 embryonic/larval integumentary system fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005393 larval integumentary system FBbt:00005393 Integumentary system of the late embryo or larva. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Integumentary system of the adult. FBbt:00004474 UBERON:6005396 adult integument fly_anatomy.ontology adult external FBbt:00005396 adult integumentary system FBbt:00005396 Integumentary system of the adult. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Epidermis of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005397 embryonic epidermis FBbt:00005397 Epidermis of the embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Domain that is in the process of forming an anlage and does not yet coincide 1:1 with a mature structure. These domains can be identified based on the expression of genes characteristic of the corresponding anlagen and are typically found in the early blastoderm. fly_anatomy.ontology A0 FBbt:00005413 anlage in statu nascendi FBbt:00005413 Domain that is in the process of forming an anlage and does not yet coincide 1:1 with a mature structure. These domains can be identified based on the expression of genes characteristic of the corresponding anlagen and are typically found in the early blastoderm. FlyBase:FBrf0155831 FlyBase:FBrf0178740 Anlage in statu nascendi of the visual system in a stage 5 embryo that will give rise to the visual system anlage. Asn VisSys fly_anatomy.ontology A0Vis FBbt:00005425 visual anlage in statu nascendi FBbt:00005425 Anlage in statu nascendi of the visual system in a stage 5 embryo that will give rise to the visual system anlage. FBC:VH Asn VisSys https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Population of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that is morphologically indistinct from surrounding cells, but already corresponds to a later organ/tissue and can be identified based on gene expression or lineage tracing (Tomancak et al., 2002; Hartenstein, 2004). UBERON:0007688 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005426 anlage FBbt:00005426 Population of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that is morphologically indistinct from surrounding cells, but already corresponds to a later organ/tissue and can be identified based on gene expression or lineage tracing (Tomancak et al., 2002; Hartenstein, 2004). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0155831 FlyBase:FBrf0178740 Cells of the early embryo that will become the ectoderm following gastrulation (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It remains at the surface of the embryo as the endodermal and mesodermal anlagen invaginate (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). UBERON:6005427 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005427 ectoderm anlage FBbt:00005427 Cells of the early embryo that will become the ectoderm following gastrulation (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). It remains at the surface of the embryo as the endodermal and mesodermal anlagen invaginate (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0155831 FlyBase:FBrf0244630 Anlage of the visual system in the gastrula embryo that will give rise to the visual primordium. eye field A VisSys fly_anatomy.ontology AVis FBbt:00005434 visual anlage FBbt:00005434 Anlage of the visual system in the gastrula embryo that will give rise to the visual primordium. FBC:VH FlyBase:FBrf0141490 eye field FlyBase:FBrf0141490 A VisSys https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Precursor structure that can be recognized based on its distinct morphology and will give rise to one or more differentiated structures (Tomancak et al., 2002; Hartenstein, 2004). It develops from an anlage and may contain smaller anlage and primordia that will produce substructures (Tomancak et al., 2002). UBERON:0001048 fly_anatomy.ontology P placode FBbt:00005495 primordium FBbt:00005495 Precursor structure that can be recognized based on its distinct morphology and will give rise to one or more differentiated structures (Tomancak et al., 2002; Hartenstein, 2004). It develops from an anlage and may contain smaller anlage and primordia that will produce substructures (Tomancak et al., 2002). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0155831 FlyBase:FBrf0178740 Early primordium of the late extended germ band and dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the adult eye. It develops from the visual primordium. adult eye primordium early fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005515 early embryonic primordium of adult eye FBbt:00005515 Early primordium of the late extended germ band and dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the adult eye. It develops from the visual primordium. FBC:VH FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0151275 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A(n) primordium that develops into some denticle field anlage and some anal pad primordium and some embryonic ventral epidermis and some imaginal disc primordium and some ventral apodeme anlage and some ventral trunk epidermis primordium. It develops from some ventral neurectoderm. UBERON:6005533 fly_anatomy.ontology P2 iVenEp venEpiP2 FBbt:00005533 ventral epidermis primordium FBbt:00005533 A(n) primordium that develops into some denticle field anlage and some anal pad primordium and some embryonic ventral epidermis and some imaginal disc primordium and some ventral apodeme anlage and some ventral trunk epidermis primordium. It develops from some ventral neurectoderm. FBC:Autogenerated P2 iVenEp https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Ventral region of the trunk ectoderm, which gives rise to the ventral epidermis and the central nervous system (Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020). UBERON:6005558 neuroectoderm neurogenic ectoderm fly_anatomy.ontology P2 VenEc venEc FBbt:00005558 ventral ectoderm FBbt:00005558 Ventral region of the trunk ectoderm, which gives rise to the ventral epidermis and the central nervous system (Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020). FlyBase:FBrf0244630 FlyBase:FBrf0246683 neuroectoderm FlyBase:FBrf0244630 neurogenic ectoderm FlyBase:FBrf0246683 P2 VenEc https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Epidermis of the ventral region of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005747 embryonic ventral epidermis FBbt:00005747 Epidermis of the ventral region of the embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Anal pad of the embryo. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005748 embryonic anal pad FBbt:00005748 Anal pad of the embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Ventral halve of an embryonic apodeme. The discontinuity between dorsal and ventral halves is visible on a lateral view. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005749 embryonic ventral apodeme FBbt:00005749 Ventral halve of an embryonic apodeme. The discontinuity between dorsal and ventral halves is visible on a lateral view. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Plate or plates that surrounds the anus. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005785 anal pad FBbt:00005785 Plate or plates that surrounds the anus. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Visual organ of the larva that is anchored to the basal surface of the thin epithelium of the dorsal pouch, lateral to the musculature of the pharynx (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It consists of a dense cluster of approximately 12 photoreceptor neurons and no support cells (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It is connected to the brain via the Bolwig nerve (Green et al., 1993). FBbt:00002643 FBbt:00005742 FBbt:00015250 UBERON:6005805 VFB:FBbt_00005805 Bolwig's organ embryonic Bolwig's organ embryonic visual system larval Bolwig's organ larval eye stemmata organ fly_anatomy.ontology dorsocaudal pharyngeal sense organ FBbt:00005805 Location in ocular segment on basis of FBrf0075072. Bolwig organ FBbt:00005805 Visual organ of the larva that is anchored to the basal surface of the thin epithelium of the dorsal pouch, lateral to the musculature of the pharynx (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It consists of a dense cluster of approximately 12 photoreceptor neurons and no support cells (Green et al., 1993; Hartenstein et al., 2019). It is connected to the brain via the Bolwig nerve (Green et al., 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064481 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0243080 larval eye FlyBase:FBrf0213587 stemmata organ FlyBase:FBrf0047902 Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that is part of some antennal segment (FBbt:00000009). FBbt:00004171 VFB:FBbt_00005806 antennal sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005806 antennal sense organ FBbt:00005806 Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that is part of some antennal segment (FBbt:00000009). FBC:Autogenerated Primordium of the embryo that gives rise to the larval Bolwig organ. It develops from the most posterior region of the visual primordium, remaining attached to the surface as the rest of the optic placode becomes internalized during stages 12-13 (Green et al., 1993). It consists of approximately 12 cells, which begin to differentiate into photoreceptors during stage 13 (Green et al., 1993). During stages 15-16, the photoreceptors move out of the epidermis and come to lie attached to the outer lining of the dorsal pouch (Green et al., 1993). UBERON:6005830 Bolwig's organ primordium P1 BolOrg larval eye primordium fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00005830 Bolwig organ primordium FBbt:00005830 Primordium of the embryo that gives rise to the larval Bolwig organ. It develops from the most posterior region of the visual primordium, remaining attached to the surface as the rest of the optic placode becomes internalized during stages 12-13 (Green et al., 1993). It consists of approximately 12 cells, which begin to differentiate into photoreceptors during stage 13 (Green et al., 1993). During stages 15-16, the photoreceptors move out of the epidermis and come to lie attached to the outer lining of the dorsal pouch (Green et al., 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064481 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0151275 FlyBase:FBrf0243080 P1 BolOrg https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 larval eye primordium FlyBase:FBrf0141490 The developing adult after pupal-adult apolysis, i.e. from stage P8 (when yellow eye color first becomes visible through the pupal case), to eclosion. UBERON:6006011 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00006011 pharate adult FBbt:00006011 The developing adult after pupal-adult apolysis, i.e. from stage P8 (when yellow eye color first becomes visible through the pupal case), to eclosion. FlyBase:FBrf0049147 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape, whose parts are all connected and that is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 UBERON:0000061 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007001 anatomical structure FBbt:00007001 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape, whose parts are all connected and that is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:0000013 CL:0000000 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007002 cell FBbt:00007002 Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. CARO:0000043 UBERON:0000479 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007003 portion of tissue FBbt:00007003 Anatomical structure, that consists of similar cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of cells with distinct apical-basal polarity, connected to each other by cell junctions. UBERON:0000483 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007005 epithelium FBbt:00007005 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of cells with distinct apical-basal polarity, connected to each other by cell junctions. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 CARO:0000066 UBERON:0005423 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007006 developing material anatomical entity FBbt:00007006 Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. CARO:0000032 UBERON:0000475 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007009 organism subdivision FBbt:00007009 Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of whole organism. The mereological sum of these is the whole organism. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which, through specific morphogenetic processes, forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 UBERON:0000481 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007010 multi-tissue structure FBbt:00007010 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which, through specific morphogenetic processes, forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 CARO:0000040 UBERON:0000476 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007013 acellular anatomical structure FBbt:00007013 CARO:0000006 UBERON:0000465 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007016 material anatomical entity FBbt:00007016 An epithelium consisting of columnar shaped cells. UBERON:0000485 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007027 cuboidal/columnar epithelium FBbt:00007027 An epithelium consisting of columnar shaped cells. FlyBase:FBrf0239342 The region of the ectoderm posterior to the cephalic furrow. UBERON:6007045 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007045 trunk ectoderm FBbt:00007045 The region of the ectoderm posterior to the cephalic furrow. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 The cerebral ganglion, minus the optic lobes. It includes part of the protocerebrum (without the optic lobes), the deutocerebrum and the tritocerebrum. VFB:FBbt_00007050 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007050 adult cerebrum FBbt:00007050 The cerebral ganglion, minus the optic lobes. It includes part of the protocerebrum (without the optic lobes), the deutocerebrum and the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 The sum of all the developing presumptive components of a specific embryonic/larval system in an embryo. UBERON:6007116 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007116 presumptive embryonic/larval system FBbt:00007116 The sum of all the developing presumptive components of a specific embryonic/larval system in an embryo. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Protocerebrum of the adult brain. 2008-06-13T10:49:41Z UBERON:6007145 VFB:FBbt_00007145 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007145 adult protocerebrum FBbt:00007145 Protocerebrum of the adult brain. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Deutocerebrum of the adult brain. Substantial portions are below the level of the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). 2008-06-13T10:52:46Z VFB:FBbt_00007146 adult deuterocerebrum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007146 adult deutocerebrum FBbt:00007146 Deutocerebrum of the adult brain. Substantial portions are below the level of the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). FlyBase:FBrf0224194 adult deuterocerebrum FlyBase:FBrf0224194 A sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organized unit with a largely bona fide boundary. UBERON:0002536 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007152 sensillum FBbt:00007152 A sense organ embedded in the integument and consisting of one or a cluster of sensory neurons and associated sensory structures, support cells and glial cells forming a single organized unit with a largely bona fide boundary. FlyBase:FBrf0111704 A cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure with a largely bona fide boundary. 2008-10-21T12:18:17Z UBERON:0010001 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007229 cell cluster organ FBbt:00007229 A cluster of cells of various types which form a discrete structure with a largely bona fide boundary. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical structure consisting of multiple cell cluster organs and which does not contain portions of tissue. 2008-10-21T12:20:23Z UBERON:0014732 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007230 compound cell cluster organ FBbt:00007230 An anatomical structure consisting of multiple cell cluster organs and which does not contain portions of tissue. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Sensillum that is internal to the animal - i.e. having no part that is part of the cuticle. 2008-10-21T02:04:23Z UBERON:6007233 VFB:FBbt_00007233 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007233 internal sensillum FBbt:00007233 Sensillum that is internal to the animal - i.e. having no part that is part of the cuticle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Any compound cell cluster organ (FBbt:00007230) that is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050906). 2008-10-21T02:09:38Z FBbt:00002653 compound sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007234 compound sense organ FBbt:00007234 Any compound cell cluster organ (FBbt:00007230) that is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050906). FBC:Autogenerated Compound sense organ that is located within the epidermis. 2008-10-21T02:23:08Z VFB:FBbt_00007235 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007235 external compound sense organ FBbt:00007235 Compound sense organ that is located within the epidermis. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Any sensillum of the adult. 2008-10-22T09:42:58Z fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007239 adult sensillum FBbt:00007239 Any sensillum of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Any sensillum of the larva. 2008-10-22T09:42:58Z UBERON:6007240 embryonic/larval sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007240 larval sensillum FBbt:00007240 Any sensillum of the larva. FBC:Autogenerated Any sensillum (FBbt:00007152) that is part of some adult head (FBbt:00003007). 2008-10-22T09:42:58Z fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007241 adult head sensillum FBbt:00007241 Any sensillum (FBbt:00007152) that is part of some adult head (FBbt:00003007). FBC:Autogenerated Any sensillum (FBbt:00007152) that is part of some larval head (FBbt:00001730). 2008-10-22T09:42:58Z UBERON:6007242 larval head sensillum fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007242 embryonic/larval head sensillum FBbt:00007242 Any sensillum (FBbt:00007152) that is part of some larval head (FBbt:00001730). FBC:Autogenerated Specialized structure that is found on the cuticle. 2008-10-22T02:20:05Z UBERON:6007245 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007245 cuticular specialization FBbt:00007245 Specialized structure that is found on the cuticle. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Material anatomical entity generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome and whose component parts are not all continuous with each other. 2008-11-04T03:09:28Z UBERON:0034923 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007276 disconnected anatomical group FBbt:00007276 Material anatomical entity generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome and whose component parts are not all continuous with each other. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. 2008-11-04T03:13:41Z UBERON:0000477 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007277 anatomical cluster FBbt:00007277 Anatomical group whose component anatomical structures lie in close proximity to each other. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. 2008-11-04T03:18:01Z UBERON:0015203 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007278 non-connected functional system FBbt:00007278 An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that is part of some larval head (FBbt:00001730). 2008-11-05T10:34:14Z UBERON:6007280 VFB:FBbt_00007280 larval head sense organ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007280 embryonic/larval head sense organ FBbt:00007280 Any sense organ (FBbt:00005155) that is part of some larval head (FBbt:00001730). FBC:Autogenerated Specialized structure that is found on the integument. 2008-11-06T03:13:52Z UBERON:6007288 integumentary specialisation fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007288 integumentary specialization FBbt:00007288 Specialized structure that is found on the integument. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Any subdivision of an organ system. 2008-12-12T07:22:29Z UBERON:0011216 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007330 organ system subdivision FBbt:00007330 Any subdivision of an organ system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 The part of some organism that is part of some specified segment. 2008-12-12T07:22:57Z UBERON:6007331 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007331 segmental subdivision of organ system FBbt:00007331 The part of some organism that is part of some specified segment. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Sense organ that is internal to the animal - i.e. having no part that is part of the cuticle. 2009-10-19T02:27:41Z UBERON:6007373 VFB:FBbt_00007373 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007373 internal sense organ FBbt:00007373 Sense organ that is internal to the animal - i.e. having no part that is part of the cuticle. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Structure consisting of the embryonic/larval foregut, midgut and hindgut. 2010-10-04T09:58:25Z fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007512 embryonic/larval gut FBbt:00007512 Structure consisting of the embryonic/larval foregut, midgut and hindgut. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Structure consisting of a simple epithelium surrounded by visceral muscles, nerves and tracheae. The adult gut is divided into the adult foregut, midgut and hindgut regions, based on developmental origin. 2010-10-04T11:02:39Z fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007513 adult gut FBbt:00007513 Structure consisting of a simple epithelium surrounded by visceral muscles, nerves and tracheae. The adult gut is divided into the adult foregut, midgut and hindgut regions, based on developmental origin. FlyBase:FBrf0223413 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A group of trichomes covering a region of integument. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007658 trichome field FBbt:00007658 A group of trichomes covering a region of integument. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anlage that is a precursor of some part of the adult optic lobe in the larva. It develops from the embryonic optic lobe primordium. 2013-03-13T02:59:16Z VFB:FBbt_00007676 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007676 larval optic anlage FBbt:00007676 An anlage that is a precursor of some part of the adult optic lobe in the larva. It develops from the embryonic optic lobe primordium. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of sound. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007685 auditory system FBbt:00007685 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of sound. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of mechanical stimuli. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007687 mechanosensory system FBbt:00007687 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of mechanical stimuli. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of smell. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007688 olfactory system FBbt:00007688 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of smell. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of chemical stimuli. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007689 chemosensory system FBbt:00007689 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of chemical stimuli. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of taste. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007690 gustatory system FBbt:00007690 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of taste. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception. UBERON:0001032 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00007692 Note - the relationship of this class to the nervous system is overlap. This allows for sense organ components that function in the transduction of sensory signals but that are not considered to be part of the nervous system to be part of sensory systems. sensory system FBbt:00007692 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A collective term for stages 9 and 10. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00014201 early extended germ band embryo FBbt:00014201 A collective term for stages 9 and 10. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Primordium of the ventral trunk epidermis of the late extended germ band and dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the embryonic ventral trunk epidermis. P1 VenEp fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00016007 ventral trunk epidermis primordium FBbt:00016007 Primordium of the ventral trunk epidermis of the late extended germ band and dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the embryonic ventral trunk epidermis. FBC:VH P1 VenEp https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Primordium of the anal pad of the late extended germ band and dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the embryonic anal pads. fly_anatomy.ontology A/P1 AnPd anal pad specific anlage FBbt:00016008 anal pad primordium FBbt:00016008 Primordium of the anal pad of the late extended germ band and dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the embryonic anal pads. FBC:VH A/P1 AnPd https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Anlage of the ventral apodeme of the late extended germ band embryo that will give rise to the ventral apodeme primordium. A venApo fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00016009 ventral apodeme anlage FBbt:00016009 Anlage of the ventral apodeme of the late extended germ band embryo that will give rise to the ventral apodeme primordium. FBC:VH A venApo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Primordium of the ventral apodeme of the dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the ventral apodemes. P1 venApo fly_anatomy.ontology ventral apodeme specific primordium FBbt:00016010 ventral apodeme primordium FBbt:00016010 Primordium of the ventral apodeme of the dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the ventral apodemes. FBC:VH P1 venApo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Primordium of the denticle field of the dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the larval denticle fields. P DenBl fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00016011 denticle field primordium FBbt:00016011 Primordium of the denticle field of the dorsal closure embryo that will give rise to the larval denticle fields. FBC:VH P DenBl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Region of embryonic and larval ventral cuticle that displays denticle belts. It develops from the denticle field primordium. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00016012 denticle field FBbt:00016012 Region of embryonic and larval ventral cuticle that displays denticle belts. It develops from the denticle field primordium. FBC:VH FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some ectoderm (FBbt:00000111). FBbt:00005253 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00025990 ectodermal derivative FBbt:00025990 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some ectoderm (FBbt:00000111). FlyBase:FBrf0043441 FlyBase:FBrf0053832 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some anterior ectoderm (FBbt:00000119). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00025991 anterior ectoderm derivative FBbt:00025991 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some anterior ectoderm (FBbt:00000119). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some ventral ectoderm (FBbt:00005558). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00025993 ventral ectoderm derivative FBbt:00025993 Any anatomical entity (FBbt:10000000) that develops from some ventral ectoderm (FBbt:00005558). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 The sum of all the anlagen and primordia that will develop into a single system. 2010-04-29T07:57:11Z UBERON:6040003 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00040003 Note - this may be the precursor of a connected system that starts out non-connected, such as the tracheal system, or of a system that remains disconnected, e.g. functionally defined systems such as the endocrine system. non-connected developing system FBbt:00040003 The sum of all the anlagen and primordia that will develop into a single system. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Structure consisting of a simple epithelium surrounded by visceral muscles, nerves and tracheae. The gut is divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut regions, based on developmental origin. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00047143 gut FBbt:00047143 Structure consisting of a simple epithelium surrounded by visceral muscles, nerves and tracheae. The gut is divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut regions, based on developmental origin. FlyBase:FBrf0223413 Any group of similar imaginal cells, such as an imaginal disc, imaginal ring or imaginal island, or a precursor tissue that forms one of them. These tissues develop separately from other embryonic and larval tissues and they generate adult structures during metamorphosis. 2018-08-15T09:31:08Z imaginal structure fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00047552 imaginal tissue FBbt:00047552 Any group of similar imaginal cells, such as an imaginal disc, imaginal ring or imaginal island, or a precursor tissue that forms one of them. These tissues develop separately from other embryonic and larval tissues and they generate adult structures during metamorphosis. FlyBase:FBrf0064789 imaginal structure FlyBase:FBrf0053815 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of light. 2018-09-18T13:08:28Z fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00047735 visual system FBbt:00047735 An anatomical system consisting of all of the anatomical entities that function in some part of the sensory perception of light. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 Adult brain excluding the optic lobes. This consists of the cerebrum and the gnathal ganglion. 2018-10-24T14:35:45Z VFB:FBbt_00047887 midbrain fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00047887 adult central brain FBbt:00047887 Adult brain excluding the optic lobes. This consists of the cerebrum and the gnathal ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 midbrain FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Brain excluding the optic lobes. 2018-10-24T15:11:55Z VFB:FBbt_00047888 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00047888 central brain FBbt:00047888 Brain excluding the optic lobes. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 Larval brain excluding the optic lobes. 2018-10-24T15:12:43Z VFB:FBbt_00047889 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00047889 larval central brain FBbt:00047889 Larval brain excluding the optic lobes. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 Neuropil mass below the larval esophagus consisting of the gnathal ganglion and part of the tritocerebrum. 2021-02-26T11:25:02Z VFB:FBbt_00051067 larval SEZ fly_anatomy.ontology larval subesophageal ganglion FBbt:00051067 This is analogous to the adult term based on Ito et al. (2014), reflecting location relative to the esophagus, rather than segmental identity. larval subesophageal zone FBbt:00051067 Neuropil mass below the larval esophagus consisting of the gnathal ganglion and part of the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 FlyBase:FBrf0229672 FlyBase:FBrf0237252 larval SEZ FlyBase:FBrf0237252 Neuropil mass below the esophagus encompassing the three gnathal neuromeres and any regions of the cephalic (supraesophageal) neuromeres situated below the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). 2021-02-26T11:59:59Z VFB:FBbt_00051068 SEZ fly_anatomy.ontology subesophageal ganglion FBbt:00051068 subesophageal zone FBbt:00051068 Neuropil mass below the esophagus encompassing the three gnathal neuromeres and any regions of the cephalic (supraesophageal) neuromeres situated below the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). FlyBase:FBrf0224194 SEZ FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Neuropil mass above the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). It is part of the cerebral (supraesophageal) ganglion (Ito et al., 2014). 2021-02-26T13:05:56Z supraesophageal ganglion VFB:FBbt_00051069 SPZ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00051069 supraesophageal zone FBbt:00051069 Neuropil mass above the esophagus (Ito et al., 2014). It is part of the cerebral (supraesophageal) ganglion (Ito et al., 2014). FlyBase:FBrf0224194 SPZ FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Neuropil mass above the larval esophagus consisting of the protocerebral and deutocerebral neuromeres and part of the tritocerebrum. 2021-02-26T13:07:57Z larval supraesophageal ganglion VFB:FBbt_00051070 larval SPZ fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00051070 This is analogous to the adult term based on Ito et al. (2014), reflecting location relative to the esophagus, rather than segmental identity. larval supraesophageal zone FBbt:00051070 Neuropil mass above the larval esophagus consisting of the protocerebral and deutocerebral neuromeres and part of the tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Any neuromere of the adult. 2024-01-12T15:15:54Z VFB:FBbt_00052718 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00052718 adult neuromere FBbt:00052718 Any neuromere of the adult. FBC:Autogenerated Division of an organism along its anterior-posterior axis. 2008-06-30T04:15:23Z UBERON:0011676 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00057001 anterior-posterior subdivision of organism FBbt:00057001 Division of an organism along its anterior-posterior axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 Anatomical structure that has multiple cells as parts. 2010-11-02T02:25:04Z UBERON:0010000 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure FBbt:00100313 Anatomical structure that has multiple cells as parts. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A subdivision of the gut along its long axis. 2010-11-02T05:21:35Z UBERON:0004921 fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00100315 gut section FBbt:00100315 A subdivision of the gut along its long axis. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 The entire adult anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00100322 adult alimentary canal FBbt:00100322 The entire adult anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 The entire embryonic/larval anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. 2010-11-04T02:13:05Z fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00100323 embryonic/larval alimentary canal FBbt:00100323 The entire embryonic/larval anatomical structure through which food and its digestion products are ingested, digested and excreted. At its anterior and posterior ends this includes structures that are not foregut or hindgut. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Primordium of the late embryo that develops from the early primordium, and will give rise to the adult eye. adult eye primordium late fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00105515 late embryonic primordium of adult eye FBbt:00105515 Primordium of the late embryo that develops from the early primordium, and will give rise to the adult eye. FBC:VH FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0151275 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 The supraesophageal neuropils of the adult brain located above, around and partially below the esophagus, including the optic lobes. It excludes the gnathal ganglion. Developmentally, it comprises three fused neuromeres: protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum. 2013-10-08T17:05:57Z UBERON:6110636 VFB:FBbt_00110636 fly_anatomy.ontology SPG adult supraesophageal ganglion brain cerebrum FBbt:00110636 This term is related to what used to be called supraesophageal ganglion, and is now referred to as supraesophageal zone. The adult cerebral ganglion, together with the gnathal ganglia (GNG), denote regions that follow the segmental neuromeres of the brain (the 3 rostral and 3 caudal, respectively). These are distinguishable from supra- and subesophageal zones, as these refer to the neuropil masses above and below the esophagus and do not respect neuromere boundaries (Ito et al., 2014). adult cerebral ganglion FBbt:00110636 The supraesophageal neuropils of the adult brain located above, around and partially below the esophagus, including the optic lobes. It excludes the gnathal ganglion. Developmentally, it comprises three fused neuromeres: protocerebrum, deutocerebrum, and tritocerebrum. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Neuropil mass above the esophagus in the adult brain. It is part of the cerebral ganglion. 2013-10-08T17:07:47Z VFB:FBbt_00110638 adult supraesophageal ganglion fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00110638 This term refers to what used to be called supraesophageal ganglion. The new name, together with subesophageal zone, refer to the neuropil masses above and below the esophagus and do not respect neuromere boundaries. The terms cerebral ganglia (CRG) and gnathal ganglia (GNG), denote regions that follow the segmental neuromeres of the brain (the 3 rostral and 3 caudal, respectively) (Ito et al., 2014). adult supraesophageal zone FBbt:00110638 Neuropil mass above the esophagus in the adult brain. It is part of the cerebral ganglion. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Neuropil mass below the esophagus in the adult brain. It encompasses the gnathal ganglion, the prow and the saddle. 2013-10-08T17:53:57Z VFB:FBbt_00110639 SEG SOG adult subesophageal ganglion adult suboesophageal ganglion fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:00110639 This term refers to what used to be called subesophageal ganglion. The new name, together with supraesophageal zone, refer to the brain tissue below and above the esophagus and do not respect neuromere boundaries. The terms cerebral ganglia (CRG) and gnathal ganglia (GNG), denote the segmental neuromeres of the brain (the 3 rostral and 3 caudal, respectively) (Ito et al., 2014). Sterne et al. (2021) - FBrf0251280 define the SEZ as comprising GNG + TR. adult subesophageal zone FBbt:00110639 Neuropil mass below the esophagus in the adult brain. It encompasses the gnathal ganglion, the prow and the saddle. FlyBase:FBrf0224194 Anlage that develops into the anterior ectoderm. It is found anterior to the dorsal, lateral and ventral regions of the ectoderm anlage and posterior to the anterior endoderm anlage at the cellular blastoderm stage, prior to gastrulation (Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020). fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:01000119 anterior ectoderm anlage FBbt:01000119 Anlage that develops into the anterior ectoderm. It is found anterior to the dorsal, lateral and ventral regions of the ectoderm anlage and posterior to the anterior endoderm anlage at the cellular blastoderm stage, prior to gastrulation (Stathopoulos and Newcomb, 2020). FlyBase:FBrf0244630 The epidermis of the embryonic ventral trunk. fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:01005747 embryonic ventral trunk epidermis FBbt:01005747 The epidermis of the embryonic ventral trunk. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 Anatomical entity which is part_of Drosophila melanogaster. FBbt_root:00000000 UBERON:0001062 fly_anatomy.ontology Drosophila FBbt:10000000 anatomical entity FBbt:10000000 Anatomical entity which is part_of Drosophila melanogaster. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 Primordium of the embryo that will give rise to the adult eye. It corresponds to the most anterior region that develops from the visual primordium. P1 Eye adult eye primordium fly_anatomy.ontology FBbt:10005249 embryonic primordium of adult eye FBbt:10005249 Primordium of the embryo that will give rise to the adult eye. It corresponds to the most anterior region that develops from the visual primordium. FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0151275 P1 Eye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 A(n) anlage that develops into some denticle field primordium. It develops from some ventral epidermis primordium. fly_anatomy.ontology A DenBl FBbt:10005326 denticle field anlage FBbt:10005326 A(n) anlage that develops into some denticle field primordium. It develops from some ventral epidermis primordium. FBC:Autogenerated A DenBl https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 Phenotype that is any abnormality in thermotaxis (GO:0043052). 'thermotaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.' thermotaxis behavior defective thermotaxis behaviour defective thermotaxis defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000002 abnormal thermotaxis FBcv:0000002 Phenotype that is any abnormality in thermotaxis (GO:0043052). 'thermotaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature.' FBC:DOS GOC:cab1 WB_REF:cgc467 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating, but only to > 50% of wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000006 male semi-fertile FBcv:0000006 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating, but only to > 50% of wild-type. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating, but only to > 50% of wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000007 female semi-fertile FBcv:0000007 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating, but only to > 50% of wild-type. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS Genotype g1 is a modifier of variegation if, and only if, some genotype g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is significantly different from that caused by g2 alone. phenotypic_class variegation FBcv:0000008 modifier of variegation FBcv:0000008 Genotype g1 is a modifier of variegation if, and only if, some genotype g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is significantly different from that caused by g2 alone. FBC:DOS variegation FBC:DOS Phenotype that is the partial or full transformation of one or more segments (FBbt:00000003) or segmental appendages from one identity to another. For example, in antennapedia an antenna is partially or fully transformed into a leg. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000316 homeotic FBcv:0000316 Phenotype that is the partial or full transformation of one or more segments (FBbt:00000003) or segmental appendages from one identity to another. For example, in antennapedia an antenna is partially or fully transformed into a leg. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0009950). 'dorsal/ventral axis specification' is defined as: 'The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.' dorsal/ventral axis specification defective phenotypic_class dorsal-ventral polarity FBcv:0000324 abnormal dorsal/ventral axis specification FBcv:0000324 Phenotype that is any abnormality in dorsal/ventral axis specification (GO:0009950). 'dorsal/ventral axis specification' is defined as: 'The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism.' FBC:DOS GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb dorsal-ventral polarity FBC:DOS A phenotype that is an expansion of the developing embryonic nervous system at the expense of developing ventral epidermis. 2011-09-13T02:42:10Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0000325 Typically this is caused by and expansion of the population of neuroblasts at the expense of prospective epidermis, both of which originate in the ventral ectoderm. neurogenic phenotype FBcv:0000325 A phenotype that is an expansion of the developing embryonic nervous system at the expense of developing ventral epidermis. FlyBase:FBrf0040185 phenotypic_class FBcv:0000347 phenotypic class FBcv:0000347 The canonical phenotype of a wild-type Drosophilid. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000348 wild-type FBcv:0000348 The canonical phenotype of a wild-type Drosophilid. FBC:DOS A phenotype that is survival to mature adulthood, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). phenotypic_class FBcv:0000349 Note, this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially'. Use semi-viable or semi-lethal instead. viable FBcv:0000349 A phenotype that is survival to mature adulthood, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). FBC:DOS 5 50 5 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of some significant proportion of animals in that population, but less that half, prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). semi-viable phenotypic_class FBcv:0000350 partially lethal - majority live FBcv:0000350 A phenotype of a population that is the death of some significant proportion of animals in that population, but less that half, prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). phenotypic_class FBcv:0000351 Note on usage: lethal is appropriate in cases where escaper adults are very rare. The lethal phase prior to becoming a mature adult may be further specified using children terms which specify stage. lethal FBcv:0000351 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). FBC:DOS FBC:KM 50 98 50 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a majority of animals in that population prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). semi-lethal phenotypic_class FBcv:0000352 Stages during which there is significant death prior to mature adulthood can be indicated using one or more stage qualifiers. partially lethal - majority die FBcv:0000352 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a majority of animals in that population prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). FBC:DOS FBC:KM FBC:NB A phenotype that is a failure of mutant cells to survive. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000353 Typically, this phenotype is assayed in clones of cells. cell lethal FBcv:0000353 A phenotype that is a failure of mutant cells to survive. FBC:DOS A post-embryonic, macroscopic, anatomical phenotype. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000354 visible FBcv:0000354 A post-embryonic, macroscopic, anatomical phenotype. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in eye color compared to wild-type. eye color defective eye colour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000355 abnormal eye color FBcv:0000355 Phenotype that is any abnormality in eye color compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS A phenotype that is any abnormality in body color compared to wild-type. body color defective body colour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000356 abnormal body color FBcv:0000356 A phenotype that is any abnormality in body color compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS A phenotype that is any abnormality in the size of the whole body or some body part compared to wild-type. size defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000357 abnormal size FBcv:0000357 A phenotype that is any abnormality in the size of the whole body or some body part compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decrease in body size compared to identically raised wild-type controls. reduced body size small body phenotypic_class FBcv:0000358 decreased body size FBcv:0000358 Phenotype that is a decrease in body size compared to identically raised wild-type controls. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decrease in the number of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by decreased growth - there may be fewer cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. reduced cell number phenotypic_class FBcv:0000359 decreased cell number FBcv:0000359 Phenotype that is a decrease in the number of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by decreased growth - there may be fewer cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decrease in the size of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by decreased growth of a tissue - there may be more cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. reduced cell size phenotypic_class FBcv:0000360 Note that defects in cell size are not necessarily the result of defects in cell growth. A change in the rate of cell division in the absence of any change in cell growth rate can result in smaller or larger cells. decreased cell size FBcv:0000360 Phenotype that is a decrease in the size of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by decreased growth of a tissue - there may be more cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an increase in body size compared to identically raised wild-type controls. large body phenotypic_class FBcv:0000361 increased body size FBcv:0000361 Phenotype that is an increase in body size compared to identically raised wild-type controls. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an increase in the number of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000362 This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by overgrowth of a tissue - there may be more cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. It is not necessarily due to an increase in cell growth -it may be the result of an increase in the division rate at normal growth rates. It may not even be due to an increase in the cell division rate - a reduced rate of cell death while the division rate is normal could also achieve it. increased cell number FBcv:0000362 Phenotype that is an increase in the number of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an increase in the size of cells compared to wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000363 May be due to an increase in the cell growth rate or to a reduced rate of cell division along with a normal rate of cell growth. increased cell size FBcv:0000363 Phenotype that is an increase in the size of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the inability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000364 The cause of sterility may be physical or behavioral. Note, this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially'. Use semi-sterile or semi-fertile instead. sterile FBcv:0000364 A phenotype that is the inability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating to below 50% of wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000365 semi-sterile FBcv:0000365 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating to below 50% of wild-type. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the inability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000366 The cause of sterility may be physical or behavioral. Note: this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially' - use semi-sterile or semi-fertile instead. female sterile FBcv:0000366 A phenotype that is the inability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating to below 50% of wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000367 female semi-sterile FBcv:0000367 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating to below 50% of wild-type. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype of female sterility due to defects in the female germline. female sterile germ-line-dependent phenotypic_class FBcv:0000368 female sterile germline-dependent FBcv:0000368 A phenotype of female sterility due to defects in the female germline. FBC:DOS A phenotype of female sterility due to defects in somatic cells of the ovary (FBbt:00006030), or of the products of these cells (such as eggshell). phenotypic_class FBcv:0000369 female sterile soma-dependent FBcv:0000369 A phenotype of female sterility due to defects in somatic cells of the ovary (FBbt:00006030), or of the products of these cells (such as eggshell). FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the inability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000370 The cause of sterility may be physical or behavioral. Note - this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially' - use semi-sterile or semi-fertile instead. male sterile FBcv:0000370 A phenotype that is the inability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating to below 50% of wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000371 male semi-sterile FBcv:0000371 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating to below 50% of wild-type. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype of male sterility due to defects in the male germline. male sterile germ-line-dependent phenotypic_class FBcv:0000372 male sterile germline-dependent FBcv:0000372 A phenotype of male sterility due to defects in the male germline. FBC:DOS A phenotype of male sterility due to defects in somatic cells of the testis (FBbt:00006031) or of the products of these cells. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000373 male sterile soma-dependent FBcv:0000373 A phenotype of male sterility due to defects in somatic cells of the testis (FBbt:00006031) or of the products of these cells. FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the ability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000374 Note, this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially'. Use semi-sterile or semi-fertile instead. fertile FBcv:0000374 A phenotype that is the ability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating, but only to > 50% of wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000375 semi-fertile FBcv:0000375 A phenotype that is a reduction in the ability to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating, but only to > 50% of wild-type. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the ability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000376 Note - this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially' - use male semi-sterile or male semi-fertile instead. male fertile FBcv:0000376 A phenotype that is the ability of males to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the ability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000377 Note - this term should not be used with the qualifier 'partially' - use female semi-sterile or female semi-fertile instead. female fertile FBcv:0000377 A phenotype that is the ability of females to produce fertilized eggs as a result of mating. FBC:AO FBC:CP FBC:DOS A phenotype in which all offspring are sterile. Typically, this is due to maternal effect sterility resulting from defects in pole cell development. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000378 grandchildless FBcv:0000378 A phenotype in which all offspring are sterile. Typically, this is due to maternal effect sterility resulting from defects in pole cell development. ISBN:978-0-87969-321-3 Genotype g1 is an enhancer of variegation if, and only if, some genotype g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is greater than that caused by g2 alone. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000379 Typically, g2 is a chromosomal aberration or an insertion. enhancer of variegation FBcv:0000379 Genotype g1 is an enhancer of variegation if, and only if, some genotype g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is greater than that caused by g2 alone. FBC:DOS Genotype g1 is a non-enhancer of variegation of the phenotype due to genotype g2 if, and only if, g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is not greater than that caused by g2 alone. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000380 non-enhancer of variegation FBcv:0000380 Genotype g1 is a non-enhancer of variegation of the phenotype due to genotype g2 if, and only if, g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is not greater than that caused by g2 alone. FBC:DOS Genotype g1 is a suppressor of variegation if, and only if, some genotype g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is less than that caused by to g2 alone. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000381 Typically, g2 is a chromosomal aberration or an insertion. suppressor of variegation FBcv:0000381 Genotype g1 is a suppressor of variegation if, and only if, some genotype g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is less than that caused by to g2 alone. FBC:DOS Genotype g1 is a non-suppressor of variegation of the phenotype due to genotype g2 if, and only if, g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is not less than that caused by g2 alone. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000382 non-suppressor of variegation FBcv:0000382 Genotype g1 is a non-suppressor of variegation of the phenotype due to genotype g2 if, and only if, g2 has a variegated phenotype and the degree of variegation caused by g1g2 is not less than that caused by g2 alone. FBC:DOS A phenotype that is the inability to synthesize some organic compound that can be synthesized by wild-type animals, and that is required for normal growth and/or development. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000383 auxotroph FBcv:0000383 A phenotype that is the inability to synthesize some organic compound that can be synthesized by wild-type animals, and that is required for normal growth and/or development. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxotrophic Phenotype that is any abnormality in aging. aging defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000384 abnormal aging FBcv:0000384 Phenotype that is any abnormality in aging. GOC:PO_curators 5 5 Phenotype that is a shorter adult life-span than wild-type. increased adult mortality phenotypic_class FBcv:0000385 short lived FBcv:0000385 Phenotype that is a shorter adult life-span than wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a longer adult life-span than wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000386 long lived FBcv:0000386 Phenotype that is a longer adult life-span than wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in behavior (GO:0007610). 'behavior' is defined as: 'The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.' behavior defective behaviour defective behavioural phenotypic_class behavioral FBcv:0000387 abnormal behavior FBcv:0000387 Phenotype that is any abnormality in behavior (GO:0007610). 'behavior' is defined as: 'The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity.' GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 Phenotype that is a change in the strong tendency, seen in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster, to climb - a behavior otherwise known as negative gravitaxis (GO:0048060 ; movement away from the source of gravity). gravitaxis defective phenotypic_class geotaxis behaviour defective gravitaxis behavior defective FBcv:0000388 Note, this term should not be used when flies have climbing defects purely as a consequence of locomotion defects, use 'locomotor behavior defective' instead. abnormal gravitaxis FBcv:0000388 Phenotype that is a change in the strong tendency, seen in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster, to climb - a behavior otherwise known as negative gravitaxis (GO:0048060 ; movement away from the source of gravity). FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a disposition to paralysis under conditions that do not cause paralysis in a wild-type animal. Paralysis is defined as an inability to exhibit `multicellular organismal movement` (GO:0050879) phenotypic_class FBcv:0000389 paralytic FBcv:0000389 Phenotype that is a disposition to paralysis under conditions that do not cause paralysis in a wild-type animal. Paralysis is defined as an inability to exhibit `multicellular organismal movement` (GO:0050879) FBC:DOS A phenotype consisting of an decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of `multicellular organismal movement` (GO:0050879) compared to wild-type. hypoactive reduced rate of movement phenotypic_class FBcv:0000390 decreased rate of movement FBcv:0000390 A phenotype consisting of an decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of `multicellular organismal movement` (GO:0050879) compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS A phenotype exhibited following mechanical shock and consisting of a brief period of intense, uncoordinated motor activity (legs and wings flailing, abdomen coiling) followed by a prolonged period of paralysis. phenotypic_class easily shocked FBcv:0000391 bang sensitive FBcv:0000391 A phenotype exhibited following mechanical shock and consisting of a brief period of intense, uncoordinated motor activity (legs and wings flailing, abdomen coiling) followed by a prolonged period of paralysis. FlyBase:FBrf0022877 easily shocked FlyBase:FBrf0022877 A phenotype consisting of an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of `multicellular organismal movement` (GO:0050879) compared to wild-type. hyperactive phenotypic_class FBcv:0000392 increased rate of movement FBcv:0000392 A phenotype consisting of an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of `multicellular organismal movement` (GO:0050879) compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to pain (GO:0048265). 'response to pain' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.' pain response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000393 abnormal pain response FBcv:0000393 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to pain (GO:0048265). 'response to pain' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli.' FBC:DOS GOC:jid PMID:10203867 PMID:12723742 PMID:12843304 Wikipedia:Pain Phenotype that is any abnormality in circadian rhythm (GO:0007623). 'circadian rhythm' is defined as: 'Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.' circadian rhythm defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000394 abnormal circadian rhythm FBcv:0000394 Phenotype that is any abnormality in circadian rhythm (GO:0007623). 'circadian rhythm' is defined as: 'Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.' FBC:DOS GOC:bf GOC:go_curators Phenotype that is any abnormality in locomotor rhythm (GO:0045475). 'locomotor rhythm' is defined as: 'The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.' locomotor rhythm defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000395 abnormal locomotor rhythm FBcv:0000395 Phenotype that is any abnormality in locomotor rhythm (GO:0045475). 'locomotor rhythm' is defined as: 'The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle.' FBC:DOS GOC:go_curators Phenotype that is any abnormality in eclosion rhythm (GO:0008062). 'eclosion rhythm' is defined as: 'The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.' eclosion rhythm defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000396 abnormal eclosion rhythm FBcv:0000396 Phenotype that is any abnormality in eclosion rhythm (GO:0008062). 'eclosion rhythm' is defined as: 'The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn.' FBC:DOS PMID:11715043 Phenotype that is any abnormality in learning (GO:0007612). 'learning' is defined as: 'Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.' learning defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000397 abnormal learning FBcv:0000397 Phenotype that is any abnormality in learning (GO:0007612). 'learning' is defined as: 'Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.' FBC:DOS ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 Phenotype that is any abnormality in memory (GO:0007613). 'memory' is defined as: 'The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).' memory defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000398 abnormal memory FBcv:0000398 Phenotype that is any abnormality in memory (GO:0007613). 'memory' is defined as: 'The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).' FBC:DOS GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 Phenotype that is any abnormality in courtship behavior (GO:0007619). 'courtship behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.' courtship behavior defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000399 abnormal courtship behavior FBcv:0000399 Phenotype that is any abnormality in courtship behavior (GO:0007619). 'courtship behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that is any abnormality in mating (GO:0007618). 'mating' is defined as: 'The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.' mating defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000400 abnormal mating FBcv:0000400 Phenotype that is any abnormality in mating (GO:0007618). 'mating' is defined as: 'The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes.' FBC:DOS GOC:jl ISBN:0387520546 Phenotype that is any abnormality in circadian mating behavior (GO:0035648). 'circadian mating behavior' is defined as: 'The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle.' mating rhythm defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000401 abnormal mating rhythm FBcv:0000401 Phenotype that is any abnormality in circadian mating behavior (GO:0035648). 'circadian mating behavior' is defined as: 'The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle.' FBC:DOS GOC:bf GOC:dos PMID:11470898 PMID:17276917 Phenotype that is any abnormality in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production (GO:0045433). This is defined as 'The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.' singing defective song defective song production defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000402 abnormal song FBcv:0000402 Phenotype that is any abnormality in male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production (GO:0045433). This is defined as 'The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song.' FBC:DOS GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:11092827 singing defective FBC:SM song production defective FBC:SM Phenotype that is any abnormality in chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635). 'chemosensory behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.'. abnormal chemosensitive behavior chemosensitive behavior defective chemosensitive behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000403 abnormal chemosensory behavior FBcv:0000403 Phenotype that is any abnormality in chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635). 'chemosensory behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.'. FBC:DOS GOC:go_curators Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608). 'sensory perception of smell' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.' olfaction defective smell perception defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000404 abnormal smell perception FBcv:0000404 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of smell (GO:0007608). 'sensory perception of smell' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909). 'sensory perception of taste' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.' gustation defective taste defective taste perception defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000405 abnormal taste perception FBcv:0000405 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of taste (GO:0050909). 'sensory perception of taste' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in or absense of proboscis extension reflex in response to a sugar stimulus via taste sensilla on the tarsus. tarsal response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000406 abnormal tarsal response FBcv:0000406 Phenotype that is any abnormality in or absense of proboscis extension reflex in response to a sugar stimulus via taste sensilla on the tarsus. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of sound (GO:0007605). 'sensory perception of sound' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.' auditory perception defective phenotypic_class auditory system defective FBcv:0000407 abnormal auditory perception FBcv:0000407 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of sound (GO:0007605). 'sensory perception of sound' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to stress (GO:0006950). 'response to stress' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).' stress response defective environmental stress response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000408 abnormal stress response FBcv:0000408 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to stress (GO:0006950). 'response to stress' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation).' FBC:DOS GOC:mah Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to osmotic stress (GO:0006970). 'response to osmotic stress' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.' osmotic stress response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000409 abnormal osmotic stress response FBcv:0000409 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to osmotic stress (GO:0006970). 'response to osmotic stress' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell.' FBC:DOS GOC:jl Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to heat (GO:0009408). 'response to heat' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.' heat stress response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000410 abnormal heat stress response FBcv:0000410 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to heat (GO:0009408). 'response to heat' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism.' FBC:DOS GOC:lr Phenotype that is any abnormality in visual behavior (GO:0007632). 'visual behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.' visual behavior defective visual behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000411 abnormal visual behavior FBcv:0000411 Phenotype that is any abnormality in visual behavior (GO:0007632). 'visual behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus.' FBC:DOS GOC:jid GOC:pr Phenotype that is any abnormality in optomotor response: a motor response during flight or walking that serves to stabilize both image formation on the retina and locomotor course. optomotor behaviour defective optomotor response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000412 abnormal optomotor response FBcv:0000412 Phenotype that is any abnormality in optomotor response: a motor response during flight or walking that serves to stabilize both image formation on the retina and locomotor course. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in phototaxis (GO:0042331). 'phototaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.' phototaxis defective phenotypic_class phototaxis behaviour defective FBcv:0000413 abnormal phototaxis FBcv:0000413 Phenotype that is any abnormality in phototaxis (GO:0042331). 'phototaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.' FBC:DOS GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 Phenotype that is any abnormality in locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). 'locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.' locomotor behavior defective locomotor behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000414 abnormal locomotor behavior FBcv:0000414 Phenotype that is any abnormality in locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). 'locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.' FBC:DOS GOC:dph Phenotype that is a reduced ability to jump or a reduced jump response. This may be due to neurological or muscular defects. jumping defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000415 abnormal jumping FBcv:0000415 Phenotype that is a reduced ability to jump or a reduced jump response. This may be due to neurological or muscular defects. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is abnormal co-ordination of motor activity. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000416 uncoordinated FBcv:0000416 Phenotype that is abnormal co-ordination of motor activity. FBC:CP FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in flight (GO:0060361). 'flight' is defined as: 'Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.' flight defective flight behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000417 This term is agnostic as to the causes of defects in flight. An animal's flight may be defective for mechanical, behavioral or sensory reasons. abnormal flight FBcv:0000417 Phenotype that is any abnormality in flight (GO:0060361). 'flight' is defined as: 'Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.' FBC:DOS GOC:dph Phenotype that is the absence of flight (GO:0060361). 'flight' is defined as: 'Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.' phenotypic_class FBcv:0000418 This term is agnostic as to the causes of flightlessness. An animal may be flightless for mechanical or behavioral reasons. flightless FBcv:0000418 Phenotype that is the absence of flight (GO:0060361). 'flight' is defined as: 'Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement.' FBC:DOS GOC:dph Phenotype that is any abnormality in feeding behavior (GO:0007631). 'feeding behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior associated with the intake of food.' feeding behavior defective feeding behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000419 abnormal feeding behavior FBcv:0000419 Phenotype that is any abnormality in feeding behavior (GO:0007631). 'feeding behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior associated with the intake of food.' FBC:DOS GOC:mah Phenotype that is any abnormality in grooming behavior (GO:0007625). 'grooming behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.' grooming behavior defective grooming behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000420 abnormal grooming behavior FBcv:0000420 Phenotype that is any abnormality in grooming behavior (GO:0007625). 'grooming behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.' FBC:DOS GOC:jl GOC:pr Phenotype that is any abnormality in or loss of a stereotypical behavioral response to touch. touch response defective touch sensitivity defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000421 This phenotype is commonly assayed by scoring larval avoidance responses following stroking of the thoracic segments (see Kernan et al., 1994). On its own, this is not sufficient evidence for an abnormality in sensory perception of touch, as motor defects can also cause this phenotype. abnormal touch response FBcv:0000421 Phenotype that is any abnormality in or loss of a stereotypical behavioral response to touch. FlyBase:FBrf0073546 Phenotype that is any abnormality in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153), which is defined as: 'The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).' phenotypic_class FBcv:0000422 photoperiod response variant FBcv:0000422 Phenotype that is any abnormality in entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod (GO:0043153), which is defined as: 'The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night).' FBC:DOS GOC:jl Phenotype that is any abnormality in DNA repair (GO:0006281). 'DNA repair' is defined as: 'The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.' DNA repair defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000423 abnormal DNA repair FBcv:0000423 Phenotype that is any abnormality in DNA repair (GO:0006281). 'DNA repair' is defined as: 'The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway.' FBC:DOS PMID:11563486 Phenotype that is a change in the amount of cell death in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This may be due to effects on the regulation of cell death (GO:0010941) or in cell death (GO:0008219) pathways themselves. cell death defective apoptosis defective pcd defective programmed cell death defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000424 abnormal cell death FBcv:0000424 Phenotype that is a change in the amount of cell death in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This may be due to effects on the regulation of cell death (GO:0010941) or in cell death (GO:0008219) pathways themselves. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an increase in the amount of cell death in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. pcd increase programmed cell death increase phenotypic_class FBcv:0000425 increased cell death FBcv:0000425 Phenotype that is an increase in the amount of cell death in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decrease in the amount of cell death in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. reduced cell death pcd decrease programmed cell death decrease phenotypic_class FBcv:0000426 decreased cell death FBcv:0000426 Phenotype that is a decrease in the amount of cell death in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell growth (GO:0016049). 'cell growth' is defined as: 'The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.' cell growth defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000427 Note that defects in cell size are not necessarily the result of defects in cell growth. A change in the rate of cell division in the absence of any change in cell growth rate can result in smaller or larger cells. abnormal cell growth FBcv:0000427 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell growth (GO:0016049). 'cell growth' is defined as: 'The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in the size of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. cell size defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000428 abnormal cell size FBcv:0000428 Phenotype that is any abnormality in the size of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in the shape (PATO:0000052) of some cell compared to wild-type. cell shape defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000429 abnormal cell shape FBcv:0000429 Phenotype that is any abnormality in the shape (PATO:0000052) of some cell compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in the asymmetric distribution of components within a cell. For example an epithelial cell is 'cell polarity defective' if it lacks the normal asymmetric distribution of proteins or cell components such as junctions or villi along its apical-basal axis. cell polarity defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000430 abnormal cell polarity FBcv:0000430 Phenotype that is any abnormality in the asymmetric distribution of components within a cell. For example an epithelial cell is 'cell polarity defective' if it lacks the normal asymmetric distribution of proteins or cell components such as junctions or villi along its apical-basal axis. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321). 'meiotic cell cycle' is defined as: 'Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.' meiotic cell cycle defective phenotypic_class meiotic FBcv:0000431 abnormal meiotic cell cycle FBcv:0000431 Phenotype that is any abnormality in meiotic cell cycle (GO:0051321). 'meiotic cell cycle' is defined as: 'Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in mitotic cell cycle (GO:0000278). 'mitotic cell cycle' is defined as: 'Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.' mitotic cell cycle defective phenotypic_class mitotic FBcv:0000432 abnormal mitotic cell cycle FBcv:0000432 Phenotype that is any abnormality in mitotic cell cycle (GO:0000278). 'mitotic cell cycle' is defined as: 'Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent.' FBC:DOS GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cytokinesis (GO:0000910). 'cytokinesis' is defined as: 'The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.' cytokinesis defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000433 abnormal cytokinesis FBcv:0000433 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cytokinesis (GO:0000910). 'cytokinesis' is defined as: 'The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells.' FBC:DOS GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Phenotype that is any abnormality in the electrophysiological properties of some class of neurons, muscles or other anatomical structure of the nervous system. Examples of these phenotypes at the neuron class level include defects in spontaneous or evoked excitatory junction potential. Examples at a more gross anatomical level include abnormal retinal electrophysiology (e.g.- measured by an electroretinogram). neurophysiology defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000434 abnormal neurophysiology FBcv:0000434 Phenotype that is any abnormality in the electrophysiological properties of some class of neurons, muscles or other anatomical structure of the nervous system. Examples of these phenotypes at the neuron class level include defects in spontaneous or evoked excitatory junction potential. Examples at a more gross anatomical level include abnormal retinal electrophysiology (e.g.- measured by an electroretinogram). FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in the anatomy of the nervous system (FBbt:00005093). 'nervous system' is defined as: 'All the nerve centers and nerve fibers in the central, visceral and peripheral nervous systems.' neuroanatomy defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000435 abnormal neuroanatomy FBcv:0000435 Phenotype that is any abnormality in the anatomy of the nervous system (FBbt:00005093). 'nervous system' is defined as: 'All the nerve centers and nerve fibers in the central, visceral and peripheral nervous systems.' FBC:DOS FlyBase:FBrf0166419 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sex determination (GO:0007530). 'sex determination' is defined as: 'Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.' sex-determination defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000436 abnormal sex-determination FBcv:0000436 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sex determination (GO:0007530). 'sex determination' is defined as: 'Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism.' FBC:DOS ISBN:0198506732 FBcv:0000436 phenotypic_class FBcv:0000437 This term was obsoleted because it was felt that the evidence provided in papers is not enough to annotate with this term. mc161014 obsolete dosage compensation defective true FBcv:0000437 Phenotype that is a difference in electrophoretic migration of a gene product compared to wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000438 electrophoretic variant FBcv:0000438 Phenotype that is a difference in electrophoretic migration of a gene product compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decreased sensitivity (compared to wild-type) to the toxic effects of some specified chemical. The phrase 'toxic effects' here refers to reversible effects such as inebriation and sedation as well as sustained damage, developmental defects and death. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000439 chemical resistant FBcv:0000439 Phenotype that is a decreased sensitivity (compared to wild-type) to the toxic effects of some specified chemical. The phrase 'toxic effects' here refers to reversible effects such as inebriation and sedation as well as sustained damage, developmental defects and death. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an increased sensitivity (compared to wild-type) to the toxic effects of some specified chemical. The phrase 'toxic effects' here refers to reversible effects such as inebriation and sedation as well as sustained damage, developmental defects and death. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000440 chemical sensitive FBcv:0000440 Phenotype that is an increased sensitivity (compared to wild-type) to the toxic effects of some specified chemical. The phrase 'toxic effects' here refers to reversible effects such as inebriation and sedation as well as sustained damage, developmental defects and death. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decreased tendency for radiation exposure to cause toxic effects. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000441 radiation resistant FBcv:0000441 Phenotype that is a decreased tendency for radiation exposure to cause toxic effects. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an increased tendency for radiation exposure to cause toxic effects. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000442 radiation sensitive FBcv:0000442 Phenotype that is an increased tendency for radiation exposure to cause toxic effects. FBC:DOS Dominant phenotype consisting of short slender bristles and delayed development. Homozygotes are cell lethal. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000443 The phenotype may be a general result of mutations in essential components of the protein synthesis pathway, as a number of Minutes encode ribosomal proteins. In an animal that is heterozygous for a Minute mutation, cells with two wild-type alleles of the affected gene have a growth advantage. Many developmental studies take advantage of this fact to give somatic clones a growth advantage. The term 'Minute' should not be used to annotate the resulting phenotypes. Minute FBcv:0000443 Dominant phenotype consisting of short slender bristles and delayed development. Homozygotes are cell lethal. FlyBase:FBrf0066905 Phenotype that is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, usually associated with an increase in size, where the affected tissue or organ maintains its normal form. hyperplastic phenotypic_class FBcv:0000444 hyperplasia FBcv:0000444 Phenotype that is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, usually associated with an increase in size, where the affected tissue or organ maintains its normal form. ISBN:978-0-19-850673-7 Phenotype that is characterized by the formation of abnormal masses of tissue (tumors) as the result of neoplasia. FBcv:0000723 phenotypic_class FBcv:0000445 Obsoleted as this is the same phenotype as neoplasia. obsolete tumorigenic true FBcv:0000445 Phenotype that is characterized by the formation of abnormal masses of tissue (tumors) as the result of neoplasia. FBC:DOS Phenotype characterized by the formation of lumps of melanotic tissue inside the body in the absence of foreign bodies or wounding. melanization melanotic nodule phenotypic_class melanotic tumor pseudotumor FBcv:0000446 Melanotic capsules are formed around wounds and foreign bodies in wild-type animals as part of the immune response, for example as a protection against parasitoid wasps. For the wild-type structure, consider FBbt:00005064. Some, but not all melanotic mass phenotypes involve ectopic activation of the same immune response. Melanotic masses caused by genetic manipulations are sometimes referred to as 'melanotic tumors' or 'pseudotumors', but this is a misnomer as they are rarely neoplastic (Minakhina and Steward, 2006). melanotic mass phenotype FBcv:0000446 Phenotype characterized by the formation of lumps of melanotic tissue inside the body in the absence of foreign bodies or wounding. FlyBase:FBrf0094387 FlyBase:FBrf0194475 melanization FlyBase:FBrf0194475 melanotic nodule FlyBase:FBrf0194475 melanotic tumor FlyBase:FBrf0194475 pseudotumor FlyBase:FBrf0194475 Phenotype characterized by closely associated necrosis and melanization. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000447 melanotic necrosis FBcv:0000447 Phenotype characterized by closely associated necrosis and melanization. FlyBase:FBrf0155704 Phenotype that is any abnormality in immune response (GO:0006955). 'immune response' is defined as: 'Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.' immune response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000448 abnormal immune response FBcv:0000448 Phenotype that is any abnormality in immune response (GO:0006955). 'immune response' is defined as: 'Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat.' FBC:DOS GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 Phenotype that is any abnormality in establishment of planar polarity (GO:0001736). 'establishment of planar polarity' is defined as: 'Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.' tissue polarity defective planar polarity defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000449 For apical-basal polarity phenotypes of epithelia, the appropriate term is 'cell polarity defective'. abnormal planar polarity FBcv:0000449 Phenotype that is any abnormality in establishment of planar polarity (GO:0001736). 'establishment of planar polarity' is defined as: 'Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates.' GOC:dph Phenotype that is a change in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of any developmental process (GO:0032502) taking place prior to mature adulthood (defined as adult stage A3), compared to wild-type. Note, developmental processes include stages in development of the whole animal (e.g. larval development) as well as specific sub-processes, such as dorsal closure. developmental rate defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000450 A more complete formalization would require a clause specifying stage. It might be possible to do this in OWL using the same system as we are using for lethal phase. abnormal developmental rate FBcv:0000450 Phenotype that is a change in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of any developmental process (GO:0032502) taking place prior to mature adulthood (defined as adult stage A3), compared to wild-type. Note, developmental processes include stages in development of the whole animal (e.g. larval development) as well as specific sub-processes, such as dorsal closure. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in wound healing (GO:0042060). 'wound healing' is defined as: 'The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.' wound healing defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000451 abnormal wound healing FBcv:0000451 Phenotype that is any abnormality in wound healing (GO:0042060). 'wound healing' is defined as: 'The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury.' GOC:bf PMID:15269788 Phenotype that is an abnormality in body size compared to wild-type animals raised under the same conditions as the animals exhibiting the phenotype. body size defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000665 abnormal body size FBcv:0000665 Phenotype that is an abnormality in body size compared to wild-type animals raised under the same conditions as the animals exhibiting the phenotype. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell adhesion (GO:0007155). 'cell adhesion' is defined as: 'The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.' cell adhesion defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000668 abnormal cell adhesion FBcv:0000668 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell adhesion (GO:0007155). 'cell adhesion' is defined as: 'The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.' FBC:DOS GOC:hb GOC:pf Phenotype that is any abnormality in hatching behavior (GO:0035187). 'hatching behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.' hatching behavior defective hatching behaviour defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000669 abnormal hatching behavior FBcv:0000669 Phenotype that is any abnormality in hatching behavior (GO:0035187). 'hatching behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell.' FBC:DOS GOC:pr PMID:10436051 Phenotype that is any abnormality in eclosion (GO:0007562). 'eclosion' is defined as: 'The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.' eclosion defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000670 abnormal eclosion FBcv:0000670 Phenotype that is any abnormality in eclosion (GO:0007562). 'eclosion' is defined as: 'The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case.' FBC:DOS GOC:dgh GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0198600461 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell cycle (GO:0007049). 'cell cycle' is defined as: 'The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.' cell cycle defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000671 abnormal cell cycle FBcv:0000671 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell cycle (GO:0007049). 'cell cycle' is defined as: 'The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division.' FBC:DOS GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Phenotype that is any abnormality in endomitotic cell cycle (GO:0007113). 'endomitotic cell cycle' is defined as: 'A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.' endocycle defective endomitotic cell cycle defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000672 abnormal endomitotic cell cycle FBcv:0000672 Phenotype that is any abnormality in endomitotic cell cycle (GO:0007113). 'endomitotic cell cycle' is defined as: 'A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell.' FBC:DOS GOC:curators GOC:dos GOC:expert_vm Phenotype that is any abnormality in circadian behavior (GO:0048512). 'circadian behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.' 2009-11-30T11:06:35Z circadian behavior defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000679 abnormal circadian behavior FBcv:0000679 Phenotype that is any abnormality in circadian behavior (GO:0048512). 'circadian behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours.' FBC:DOS GOC:bf GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Phenotype that is any abnormality in proboscis extension reflex (GO:0007637). 'proboscis extension reflex' is defined as: 'The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.' proboscis extension reflex defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000680 abnormal proboscis extension reflex FBcv:0000680 Phenotype that is any abnormality in proboscis extension reflex (GO:0007637). 'proboscis extension reflex' is defined as: 'The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.' FB:FBrf0044924 FBC:DOS GOC:jid Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception (GO:0007600). 'sensory perception' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.' 2010-02-23T12:28:26Z sensory perception defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000681 abnormal sensory perception FBcv:0000681 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception (GO:0007600). 'sensory perception' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of touch (GO:0050975). 'sensory perception of touch' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).' touch perception defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000682 abnormal touch perception FBcv:0000682 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of touch (GO:0050975). 'sensory perception of touch' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach).' FBC:DOS GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to temperature stimulus (GO:0009266). 'response to temperature stimulus' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.' 2010-02-23T12:51:02Z temperature response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000683 abnormal temperature response FBcv:0000683 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to temperature stimulus (GO:0009266). 'response to temperature stimulus' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus.' FBC:DOS GOC:hb Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to cold (GO:0009409). 'response to cold' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.' 2010-02-23T02:11:27Z cold stress response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000684 abnormal cold stress response FBcv:0000684 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to cold (GO:0009409). 'response to cold' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism.' FBC:DOS GOC:lr Phenotype that is any abnormality in axis specification (GO:0009798). 'axis specification' is defined as: 'The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.' axis specification defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000686 This phenotypic class does not encompass planar polarity. abnormal axis specification FBcv:0000686 Phenotype that is any abnormality in axis specification (GO:0009798). 'axis specification' is defined as: 'The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point.' FBC:DOS GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete A phenotype that is a disruption in the wild-type pattern of segments or parasegments of the embryo or larva. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000698 Commonly assayed on the basis of phenotypic effects on segmentally repeated cuticular patterns. embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype FBcv:0000698 A phenotype that is a disruption in the wild-type pattern of segments or parasegments of the embryo or larva. FlyBase:FBrf0035438 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of alternate segments or parasegments. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000699 Commonly assayed on the basis of phenotypic effects on segmentally repeated cuticular patterns. pair rule phenotype FBcv:0000699 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of alternate segments or parasegments. FlyBase:FBrf0035438 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of even segments. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000700 Commonly assayed on the basis of phenotypic effects on segmentally repeated cuticular patterns. even pair-rule phenotype FBcv:0000700 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of even segments. FlyBase:FBrf0035438 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of odd segments. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000701 Commonly assayed on the basis of phenotypic effects on segmentally repeated cuticular patterns. odd pair-rule phenotype FBcv:0000701 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of odd segments. FlyBase:FBrf0035438 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype in which some fraction of each segment (along the anterior-posterior axis) is deleted and replaced by a mirror image duplication of the remaining part of the segment. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000702 Commonly assayed on the basis of phenotypic effects on segmentally repeated cuticular patterns. segment polarity phenotype FBcv:0000702 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype in which some fraction of each segment (along the anterior-posterior axis) is deleted and replaced by a mirror image duplication of the remaining part of the segment. FlyBase:FBrf0035438 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete loss of a contiguous stretch of 2 or more segments. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000703 Commonly assayed on the basis of phenotypic effects on segmentally repeated cuticular patterns. gap phenotype FBcv:0000703 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete loss of a contiguous stretch of 2 or more segments. FlyBase:FBrf0035438 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sleep (GO:0030431). 'sleep' is defined as: 'Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.' 2010-09-20T12:06:13Z sleep defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000705 abnormal sleep FBcv:0000705 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sleep (GO:0030431). 'sleep' is defined as: 'Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.' FBC:DOS ISBN:0192800981 Phenotype that is any abnormality in entry into diapause (GO:0055115). 'entry into diapause' is defined as: 'The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.' 2010-09-20T12:06:28Z diapause defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000706 abnormal diapause FBcv:0000706 Phenotype that is any abnormality in entry into diapause (GO:0055115). 'entry into diapause' is defined as: 'The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation.' FBC:DOS GOC:ds GOC:jid GOC:mah Phenotype that is any abnormality in entry into reproductive diapause (GO:0055116). 'entry into reproductive diapause' is defined as: 'The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.' 2010-09-20T12:21:29Z reproductive diapause defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000707 abnormal reproductive diapause FBcv:0000707 Phenotype that is any abnormality in entry into reproductive diapause (GO:0055116). 'entry into reproductive diapause' is defined as: 'The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli.' FBC:DOS GOC:ds GOC:jid GOC:mah Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to starvation (GO:0042594). 'response to starvation' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.' starvation stress response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000708 abnormal starvation stress response FBcv:0000708 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to starvation (GO:0042594). 'response to starvation' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment.' FBC:DOS GOC:go_curators Phenotype that is an increase or decrease in the number of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by defects in cell growth - there may be a greater or lesser number of cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. cell number defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000709 abnormal cell number FBcv:0000709 Phenotype that is an increase or decrease in the number of cells in a whole animal or in some specific organ, tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. This phenotype is not necessarily accompanied by defects in cell growth - there may be a greater or lesser number of cells in an otherwise normal volume of tissue. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a inability to jump. This may be due to neurological or muscular defects. 2011-03-10T04:57:06Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0000713 jumpless FBcv:0000713 Phenotype that is a inability to jump. This may be due to neurological or muscular defects. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell migration (GO:0016477). 'cell migration' is defined as: 'The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues.' cell migration defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000716 abnormal cell migration FBcv:0000716 Phenotype that is any abnormality in cell migration (GO:0016477). 'cell migration' is defined as: 'The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues.' FBC:DOS GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:pf Wikipedia:Cell_migration Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell growth (GO:0016049) in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000717 increased cell growth rate FBcv:0000717 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell growth (GO:0016049) in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is an decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell growth (GO:0016049) in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. reduced cell growth rate phenotypic_class FBcv:0000718 decreased cell growth rate FBcv:0000718 Phenotype that is an decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell growth (GO:0016049) in a whole animal or in some specific organ tissue or clone of cells compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a decrease in size of an initially normally sized organ or tissue due to wasting away of cells. 2011-03-10T05:59:04Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0000719 atrophy FBcv:0000719 Phenotype that is a decrease in size of an initially normally sized organ or tissue due to wasting away of cells. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality or in or absence of a jump response (GO:0007630). The jump response in Drosophila is a reflex escape response that can be triggered by a number of signals including odor and light. Standard assays are commonly used to test odor and light induced jump response. 2011-03-11T08:03:28Z jump response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000720 abnormal jump response FBcv:0000720 Phenotype that is any abnormality or in or absence of a jump response (GO:0007630). The jump response in Drosophila is a reflex escape response that can be triggered by a number of signals including odor and light. Standard assays are commonly used to test odor and light induced jump response. FlyBase:FBrf0187887 FlyBase:FBrf0191819 Phenotype that is any abnormality in mating behavior (GO:0007617). 'mating behavior' is defined as: 'The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.' mating behavior defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000721 abnormal mating behavior FBcv:0000721 Phenotype that is any abnormality in mating behavior (GO:0007617). 'mating behavior' is defined as: 'The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.' FBC:DOS GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that consists of abnormal growth of a tissue or organ due to increased numbers of cells, but in which the affected tissue or organ does not maintain its normal form. neoplasm neoplastic tumorigenesis tumorigenic phenotypic_class FBcv:0000723 neoplasia FBcv:0000723 Phenotype that consists of abnormal growth of a tissue or organ due to increased numbers of cells, but in which the affected tissue or organ does not maintain its normal form. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a reduction in size of an organ or tissue compared to wild-type due to reduced numbers of cells being produced during its development or growth. phenotypic_class FBcv:0000724 This term should not be used where an organ or tissue is reduced in size due to the wasting away of existing cells. hypoplasia FBcv:0000724 Phenotype that is a reduction in size of an organ or tissue compared to wild-type due to reduced numbers of cells being produced during its development or growth. FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979). 'response to oxidative stress' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.' oxidative stress response defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0000725 abnormal oxidative stress response FBcv:0000725 Phenotype that is any abnormality in response to oxidative stress (GO:0006979). 'response to oxidative stress' is defined as: 'Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals.' FBC:DOS GOC:jl PMID:12115731 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of terminal regions of the embryo/larva: the acron, telson and immediately adjacent segments. 2011-09-13T02:31:53Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0000734 terminal phenotype FBcv:0000734 Embryonic/larval segmentation phenotype that is the complete or partial loss of terminal regions of the embryo/larva: the acron, telson and immediately adjacent segments. FBC:DOS A phenotype in which the aging process is slower than in wild-type. reduced speed of aging phenotypic_class delayed aging FBcv:0000791 decreased speed of aging FBcv:0000791 A phenotype in which the aging process is slower than in wild-type. FBC:DOC A phenotype in which the aging process is accelerated compared to wild-type. phenotypic_class premature aging FBcv:0000792 increased speed of aging FBcv:0000792 A phenotype in which the aging process is accelerated compared to wild-type. FBC:DOC Phenotype that is a defect in endocytosis (GO:0006897). 'endocytosis' is defined as: 'A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.' abnormal endocytosis phenotypic_class FBcv:0001324 Obsoleted as this is phenotype is too molecular to be captured by FlyBase phenotype curation and will be captured by GO curation [FBC:CP]. obsolete endocytosis defective true FBcv:0001324 Phenotype that is a defect in endocytosis (GO:0006897). 'endocytosis' is defined as: 'A vesicle-mediated transport process in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of a small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle.' FBC:DOS Phenotype that is a defect in exocytosis (GO:0006887). 'exocytosis' is defined as: 'A process of secretion by a cell that results in the release of intracellular molecules (e.g. hormones, matrix proteins) contained within a membrane-bounded vesicle. Exocytosis can occur either by full fusion, when the vesicle collapses into the plasma membrane, or by a kiss-and-run mechanism that involves the formation of a transient contact, a pore, between a granule (for exemple of chromaffin cells) and the plasma membrane. The latter process most of the time leads to only partial secretion of the granule content. Exocytosis begins with steps that prepare vesicles for fusion with the membrane (tethering and docking) and ends when molecules are secreted from the cell.' abnormal exocytosis phenotypic_class FBcv:0001325 Obsoleted as this is phenotype is too molecular to be captured by FlyBase phenotype curation and will be captured by GO curation [FBC:CP]. obsolete exocytosis defective true FBcv:0001325 Any abnormality in or loss of some anatomical structure or biological process compared to wild-type. phenotypic class phenotypic_class FBcv:0001347 The subclasses of this term classify Drosophila phenotypes into different common categories. They have been chosen by FlyBase to reflect phenotype terms most often reported by Drosophila researchers in the published literature. phenotype FBcv:0001347 Any abnormality in or loss of some anatomical structure or biological process compared to wild-type. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages prior to eclosion from the pupal case (the end of the P-stage). pupal lethal lethal - all die before end of pharate adult stage phenotypic_class FBcv:0002000 As the P-Stage and the 'pharate adult stage' have the same end, there is no need for a separate term for 'lethal - all die before end of pharate adult stage. lethal - all die before end of P-stage FBcv:0002000 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages prior to eclosion from the pupal case (the end of the P-stage). FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the first instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002001 lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage FBcv:0002001 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the first instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the larval stage. larval lethal lethal - all die before end of third instar larval stage phenotypic_class FBcv:0002002 As the larval stage and third instar larval stage have the same end, there is no need for a separate term for 'lethal - all die before end of third instar larval stage'. lethal - all die before end of larval stage FBcv:0002002 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the larval stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the second instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002003 lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage FBcv:0002003 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the second instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype that is an increase in the rate of death in a population at any stage of life (during development or adulthood), over the rate seen in a wild type control population. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002004 increased mortality FBcv:0002004 A phenotype that is an increase in the rate of death in a population at any stage of life (during development or adulthood), over the rate seen in a wild type control population. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the P-stage. pupal lethal phenotypic_class FBcv:0002005 lethal - all die during P-stage FBcv:0002005 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the P-stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the first instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002006 lethal - all die during first instar larval stage FBcv:0002006 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the first instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the larval stage. larval lethal phenotypic_class FBcv:0002007 lethal - all die during larval stage FBcv:0002007 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the larval stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the second instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002008 lethal - all die during second instar larval stage FBcv:0002008 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the second instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the third instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002009 lethal - all die during third instar larval stage FBcv:0002009 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the third instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the P-stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002010 majority die during P-stage FBcv:0002010 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the P-stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the first instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002011 majority die during first instar larval stage FBcv:0002011 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the first instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002012 majority die during larval stage FBcv:0002012 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the larval stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the second instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002013 majority die during second instar larval stage FBcv:0002013 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the second instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the third instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002014 majority die during third instar larval stage FBcv:0002014 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the third instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 5 98 5 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of some significant proportion of animals in that population prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). phenotypic_class FBcv:0002015 partially lethal FBcv:0002015 A phenotype of a population that is the death of some significant proportion of animals in that population prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). FBC:DOS FBC:KM 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). phenotypic_class FBcv:0002019 increased mortality during development FBcv:0002019 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population prior to becoming a mature adult, where mature is defined as after adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012). FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the P-stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002020 some die during P-stage FBcv:0002020 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the P-stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the first instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002021 some die during first instar larval stage FBcv:0002021 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the first instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the second instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002022 some die during second instar larval stage FBcv:0002022 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the second instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002023 some die during larval stage FBcv:0002023 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the larval stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the third instar larval stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002024 some die during third instar larval stage FBcv:0002024 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the third instar larval stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the pharate adult stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002025 lethal - all die during pharate adult stage FBcv:0002025 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the pharate adult stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the prepupal stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002026 lethal - all die before end of prepupal stage FBcv:0002026 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the prepupal stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the pupal stage. pupal lethal phenotypic_class FBcv:0002027 lethal - all die before end of pupal stage FBcv:0002027 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the pupal stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the pupal stage. pupal lethal phenotypic_class FBcv:0002030 lethal - all die during pupal stage FBcv:0002030 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the pupal stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the prepupal stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002031 lethal - all die during prepupal stage FBcv:0002031 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the prepupal stage. FBC:DOS FBcv:0002032 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the embryonic stage. FBcv:0002033 phenotypic_class Obsoleted due to equivalence with FBcv:0002033 'lethal - all die during embryonic stage'. obsolete lethal - all die before end of embryonic stage true A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population at some stage or stages before the end of the embryonic stage. FBC:DOS 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the embryonic stage. embryonic lethal phenotypic_class FBcv:0002033 lethal - all die during embryonic stage FBcv:0002033 98 Need to add local reflexivity to part_of for this to work. And really need to be using continuant part of. A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population during the embryonic stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the pupal stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002034 majority die during pupal stage FBcv:0002034 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the pupal stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the prepupal stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002035 majority die during prepupal stage FBcv:0002035 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the prepupal stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the pharate adult stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002036 majority die during pharate adult stage FBcv:0002036 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the pharate adult stage. FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the embryonic stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002037 This term is agnostic about whether any survive to adulthood. majority die during embryonic stage FBcv:0002037 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population during the embryonic stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the pharate adult stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002038 some die during pharate adult stage FBcv:0002038 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the pharate adult stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the pupal stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002039 some die during pupal stage FBcv:0002039 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the pupal stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the prepupal stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002040 some die during prepupal stage FBcv:0002040 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the prepupal stage. FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the embryonic stage. phenotypic_class FBcv:0002041 some die during embryonic stage FBcv:0002041 A phenotype of a population that is the death of a significant proportion of animals in that population during the embryonic stage. FBC:DOS 98 98 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population as immature adults (after eclosion but before the end of adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012)). phenotypic_class FBcv:0002042 lethal - all die during immature adult stage FBcv:0002042 A phenotype of a population that is the death of all animals in that population as immature adults (after eclosion but before the end of adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012)). FBC:DOS 50 50 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population as immature adults (after eclosion but before the end of adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012)). phenotypic_class FBcv:0002050 majority die during immature adult stage FBcv:0002050 A phenotype of a population that is the death of the majority of animals in that population as immature adults (after eclosion but before the end of adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012)). FBC:DOS 5 5 A phenotype of a population that is the death of some significant number of animals in that population as immature adults (after eclosion but before the end of adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012)). phenotypic_class FBcv:0002051 some die during immature adult stage FBcv:0002051 A phenotype of a population that is the death of some significant number of animals in that population as immature adults (after eclosion but before the end of adult stage A3 (FBdv:00006012)). FBC:DOS Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of light stimulus (GO:0050953). 'sensory perception of light stimulus' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.' visual perception defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0004000 abnormal visual perception FBcv:0004000 Phenotype that is any abnormality in sensory perception of light stimulus (GO:0050953). 'sensory perception of light stimulus' is defined as: 'The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process.' FBC:MMC GOC:ai Phenotype that is any abnormality in copulation (GO:0007620). 'copulation' is defined as: 'The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.' copulation defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0006000 abnormal copulation FBcv:0006000 Phenotype that is any abnormality in copulation (GO:0007620). 'copulation' is defined as: 'The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.' FBC:TEMJ ISBN:0721662544 Phenotype that is an increase in the number of gametes produced. phenotypic_class FBcv:0006001 increased fecundity FBcv:0006001 Phenotype that is an increase in the number of gametes produced. FBC:TEMJ Phenotype that is a decrease in the number of gametes produced. reduced fecundity phenotypic_class FBcv:0006002 decreased fecundity FBcv:0006002 Phenotype that is a decrease in the number of gametes produced. FBC:TEMJ FlyBase miscellaneous CV FBcv:0006003 population of Drosophila FBcv:0006003 Phenotype that is any abnormality in oviposition (GO:0018991) despite production of eggs. 'oviposition' is defined as: 'A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.'. oviposition defective phenotypic_class FBcv:0006004 This term should only be used to report defects specifically in oviposition, as opposed to an overall loss of fertility. It is not possible to observe an oviposition abnormality if eggs are not being produced. If a difference in "oviposition rate" is measured by authors as a proxy for sterility/fertility, it would be better to use the terms "sterile", "semi-sterile", or "semi-fertile", as appropriate. abnormal oviposition FBcv:0006004 Phenotype that is any abnormality in oviposition (GO:0018991) despite production of eggs. 'oviposition' is defined as: 'A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water.'. FBC:TEMJ GOC:ems PMID:18050396 PMID:31164023 A phenotype that is an increased occurrence of cell division (GO:0051301). 'cell division' is defined as 'The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.'. phenotypic_class FBcv:0006005 increased occurrence of cell division FBcv:0006005 A phenotype that is an increased occurrence of cell division (GO:0051301). 'cell division' is defined as 'The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.'. FBC:TEMJ GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr A phenotype that is a decreased occurrence of cell division (GO:0051301). 'cell division' is defined as 'The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.'. reduced occurrence of cell division phenotypic_class FBcv:0006006 decreased occurrence of cell division FBcv:0006006 A phenotype that is a decreased occurrence of cell division (GO:0051301). 'cell division' is defined as 'The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells.'. FBC:TEMJ GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr FlyBase miscellaneous CV FBcv:0006007 population of cells FBcv:0006007 Phenotype that is any abnormality in anesthesia-resistant memory (GO:0007615). 'anesthesia-resistant memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.' 2020-12-15T14:46:41Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007500 abnormal anesthesia-resistant memory FBcv:0007500 Phenotype that is any abnormality in anesthesia-resistant memory (GO:0007615). 'anesthesia-resistant memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.' PMID:15143285 PMID:17088531 Phenotype that is any abnormality in short-term memory (GO:0007614). 'short-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.' 2020-12-15T14:50:19Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007501 abnormal short-term memory FBcv:0007501 Phenotype that is any abnormality in short-term memory (GO:0007614). 'short-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.' ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html Phenotype that is any abnormality in medium-term memory (GO:0072375). 'medium-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).' 2020-12-15T14:51:08Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007502 abnormal medium-term memory FBcv:0007502 Phenotype that is any abnormality in medium-term memory (GO:0072375). 'medium-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).' GOC:sart PMID:14659098 PMID:7923375 Phenotype that is any abnormality in long-term memory (GO:0007616). 'long-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.' 2020-12-15T14:51:45Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007503 abnormal long-term memory FBcv:0007503 Phenotype that is any abnormality in long-term memory (GO:0007616). 'long-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.' ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html Phenotype that is any abnormality in body weight compared to identically raised wild-type controls. 2020-12-15T15:47:07Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007504 abnormal body weight FBcv:0007504 Phenotype that is any abnormality in body weight compared to identically raised wild-type controls. FBC:CP Phenotype that is an increase in body weight compared to identically raised wild-type controls. 2020-12-15T15:50:18Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007505 increased body weight FBcv:0007505 Phenotype that is an increase in body weight compared to identically raised wild-type controls. FBC:CP Phenotype that is a decrease in body weight compared to identically raised wild-type controls. 2020-12-15T15:50:44Z reduced body weight phenotypic_class FBcv:0007506 decreased body weight FBcv:0007506 Phenotype that is a decrease in body weight compared to identically raised wild-type controls. FBC:CP A phenotype that is an increase in the size of the whole body or some body part compared to wild-type. 2020-12-15T15:52:00Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007507 increased size FBcv:0007507 A phenotype that is an increase in the size of the whole body or some body part compared to wild-type. FBC:CP A phenotype that is a decrease in the size of the whole body or some body part compared to wild-type. 2020-12-15T15:52:59Z reduced size phenotypic_class FBcv:0007508 decreased size FBcv:0007508 A phenotype that is a decrease in the size of the whole body or some body part compared to wild-type. FBC:CP Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of phototaxis (GO:0042331). 'phototaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.' 2020-12-16T09:10:39Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007509 increased rate of phototaxis FBcv:0007509 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of phototaxis (GO:0042331). 'phototaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.' FBC:CP GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of phototaxis (GO:0042331). 'phototaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.' 2020-12-16T09:20:20Z reduced rate of phototaxis phenotypic_class FBcv:0007510 decreased rate of phototaxis FBcv:0007510 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of phototaxis (GO:0042331). 'phototaxis' is defined as: 'The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light.' FBC:CP GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell adhesion (GO:0007155). 'cell adhesion' is defined as: 'The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.' 2020-12-16T09:21:22Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007511 increased rate of cell adhesion FBcv:0007511 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell adhesion (GO:0007155). 'cell adhesion' is defined as: 'The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.' FBC:CP GOC:hb GOC:pf Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell adhesion (GO:0007155). 'cell adhesion' is defined as: 'The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.' 2020-12-16T09:22:22Z reduced rate of cell adhesion phenotypic_class FBcv:0007512 decreased rate of cell adhesion FBcv:0007512 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of cell adhesion (GO:0007155). 'cell adhesion' is defined as: 'The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules.' FBC:CP GOC:hb GOC:pf Phenotype that is an increase in the total amount or frequency of sleep (GO:0030431) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'sleep' is defined as: 'Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.' 2020-12-16T12:02:45Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007513 increased sleep FBcv:0007513 Phenotype that is an increase in the total amount or frequency of sleep (GO:0030431) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'sleep' is defined as: 'Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.' FBC:CP ISBN:0192800981 Phenotype that is a decrease in the total amount or frequency of sleep (GO:0030431) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'sleep' is defined as: 'Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.' 2020-12-16T12:12:40Z reduced sleep phenotypic_class FBcv:0007514 decreased sleep FBcv:0007514 Phenotype that is a decrease in the total amount or frequency of sleep (GO:0030431) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'sleep' is defined as: 'Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain.' FBC:CP ISBN:0192800981 Phenotype that is an increase in the total amount or frequency of feeding behavior (GO:0007631) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'feeding behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior associated with the intake of food.' 2020-12-16T12:14:26Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007515 increased rate of feeding behavior FBcv:0007515 Phenotype that is an increase in the total amount or frequency of feeding behavior (GO:0007631) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'feeding behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior associated with the intake of food.' FBC:DOS GOC:mah Phenotype that is a decrease in the total amount or frequency of feeding behavior (GO:0007631) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'feeding behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior associated with the intake of food.' 2020-12-16T12:16:19Z reduced rate of feeding behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007516 decreased rate of feeding behavior FBcv:0007516 Phenotype that is a decrease in the total amount or frequency of feeding behavior (GO:0007631) over a given time interval, compared to wild-type. 'feeding behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior associated with the intake of food.' FBC:DOS GOC:mah Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of memory (GO:0007613) relative to controls. 'memory' is defined as: 'The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).' 2021-08-06T11:45:09Z improved memory phenotypic_class FBcv:0007517 This will usually be measured as an increased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with memory formation. increased efficacy of memory FBcv:0007517 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of memory (GO:0007613) relative to controls. 'memory' is defined as: 'The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).' FBC:CP GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of memory (GO:0007613) relative to controls. 'memory' is defined as: 'The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).' 2021-08-06T11:55:18Z impaired memory reduced efficacy of memory phenotypic_class FBcv:0007518 This will usually be measured as a decreased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with memory formation. decreased efficacy of memory FBcv:0007518 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of memory (GO:0007613) relative to controls. 'memory' is defined as: 'The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task).' FBC:CP GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of short-term memory (GO:0007614) relative to controls. 'short-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.' 2021-08-06T11:56:41Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007519 This will usually be measured as an increased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with short-term memory formation. increased efficacy of short-term memory FBcv:0007519 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of short-term memory (GO:0007614) relative to controls. 'short-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.' FBC:CP ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of short-term memory (GO:0007614) relative to controls. 'short-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.' 2021-08-06T11:57:17Z reduced efficacy of short-term memory phenotypic_class FBcv:0007520 This will usually be measured as a decreased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with short-term memory formation. decreased efficacy of short-term memory FBcv:0007520 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of short-term memory (GO:0007614) relative to controls. 'short-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation.' FBC:CP ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of long-term memory (GO:0007616) relative to controls. 'long-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.' 2021-08-06T12:02:59Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007521 This will usually be measured as an increased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with long-term memory formation. increased efficacy of long-term memory FBcv:0007521 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of long-term memory (GO:0007616) relative to controls. 'long-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.' FBC:CP ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of long-term memory (GO:0007616) relative to controls. 'long-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.' 2021-08-06T12:04:30Z reduced efficacy of long-term memory phenotypic_class FBcv:0007522 This will usually be measured as a decreased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with long-term memory formation. decreased efficacy of long-term memory FBcv:0007522 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of long-term memory (GO:0007616) relative to controls. 'long-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation.' FBC:CP ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory (GO:0007615) relative to controls. 'anesthesia-resistant memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.' 2021-08-06T12:08:22Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007523 This will usually be measured as an increased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with anesthesia-resistant memory formation. increased efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory FBcv:0007523 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory (GO:0007615) relative to controls. 'anesthesia-resistant memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.' FBC:CP PMID:15143285 PMID:17088531 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory (GO:0007615) relative to controls. 'anesthesia-resistant memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.' 2021-08-06T12:10:03Z reduced efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory phenotypic_class FBcv:0007524 This will usually be measured as a decreased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with anesthesia-resistant memory formation. decreased efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory FBcv:0007524 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of anesthesia-resistant memory (GO:0007615) relative to controls. 'anesthesia-resistant memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis.' FBC:CP PMID:15143285 PMID:17088531 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of medium-term memory (GO:0072375) relative to controls. 'medium-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).' 2021-08-06T12:11:31Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007525 This will usually be measured as an increased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with medium-term memory formation. increased efficacy of medium-term memory FBcv:0007525 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of medium-term memory (GO:0072375) relative to controls. 'medium-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).' FBC:CP GOC:sart PMID:14659098 PMID:7923375 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of medium-term memory (GO:0072375) relative to controls. 'medium-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).' 2021-08-06T12:12:48Z reduced efficacy of medium-term memory phenotypic_class FBcv:0007526 This will usually be measured as a decreased magnitude/rate of a behavioral output associated with medium-term memory formation. decreased efficacy of medium-term memory FBcv:0007526 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of medium-term memory (GO:0072375) relative to controls. 'medium-term memory' is defined as: 'The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster).' FBC:CP GOC:sart PMID:14659098 PMID:7923375 Any abnormality in adult walking behavior (GO:0007628), which is defined as 'The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.'. 2022-08-12T08:45:06Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007527 abnormal adult walking behavior FBcv:0007527 Any abnormality in adult walking behavior (GO:0007628), which is defined as 'The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.'. GO:0007628 GOC:jid GOC:pr ISBN:0198606907 Any abnormality in larval locomotory behavior (GO:0008345), which is defined as 'Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.'. 2022-08-12T08:46:33Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007528 abnormal larval locomotory behavior FBcv:0007528 Any abnormality in larval locomotory behavior (GO:0008345), which is defined as 'Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.'. GO:0008345 GOC:ai Any abnormality in adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344), which is defined as 'Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.'. 2022-08-12T08:50:44Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007529 abnormal adult locomotory behavior FBcv:0007529 Any abnormality in adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344), which is defined as 'Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.'. GO:0008344 GOC:ai Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of learning (GO:0007612), relative to controls. 'learning' is defined as: 'Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.' 2022-08-12T08:57:36Z improved learning phenotypic_class FBcv:0007530 increased efficacy of learning FBcv:0007530 Phenotype that is an increase in the efficacy of learning (GO:0007612), relative to controls. 'learning' is defined as: 'Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.' ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of learning (GO:0007612), relative to controls. 'learning' is defined as: 'Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.' 2022-08-12T09:06:29Z impaired learning reduced efficacy of learning phenotypic_class FBcv:0007531 decreased efficacy of learning FBcv:0007531 Phenotype that is a decrease in the efficacy of learning (GO:0007612), relative to controls. 'learning' is defined as: 'Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience.' ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635). 'chemosensory behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.'. 2022-08-12T10:04:22Z increased rate of chemosensitive behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007532 increased rate of chemosensory behavior FBcv:0007532 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635). 'chemosensory behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.'. GO:0007635 GOC:go_curators Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of proboscis extension reflex (GO:0007637). 'proboscis extension reflex' is defined as: 'The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.'. 2022-08-12T10:14:45Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007533 increased rate of proboscis extension reflex FBcv:0007533 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of proboscis extension reflex (GO:0007637). 'proboscis extension reflex' is defined as: 'The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.'. FB:FBrf0044924 GO:0007637 GOC:jid Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of grooming behavior (GO:0007625). 'grooming behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.'. 2022-08-12T10:16:08Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007534 increased rate of grooming behavior FBcv:0007534 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of grooming behavior (GO:0007625). 'grooming behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.'. GO:0007625 GOC:jl GOC:pr Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). 'locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.'. 2022-08-12T10:19:14Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007535 increased rate of locomotory behavior FBcv:0007535 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). 'locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.'. GO:0007626 GOC:dph Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult walking behavior (GO:0007628). 'adult walking behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.'. 2022-08-12T10:20:31Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007536 increased rate of adult walking behavior FBcv:0007536 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult walking behavior (GO:0007628). 'adult walking behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.'. GO:0007628 GOC:jid GOC:pr ISBN:0198606907 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of larval locomotory behavior (GO:0008345). 'larval locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.'. 2022-08-12T10:21:27Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007537 increased rate of larval locomotory behavior FBcv:0007537 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of larval locomotory behavior (GO:0008345). 'larval locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.'. GO:0008345 GOC:ai Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344). 'adult locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.'. 2022-08-12T10:22:30Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007538 increased rate of adult locomotory behavior FBcv:0007538 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344). 'adult locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.'. GO:0008344 GOC:ai Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of mating behavior (GO:0007617). 'mating behavior' is defined as: 'The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.'. 2022-08-12T10:23:15Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007539 increased rate of mating behavior FBcv:0007539 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of mating behavior (GO:0007617). 'mating behavior' is defined as: 'The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.'. GO:0007617 GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of courtship behavior (GO:0007619). 'courtship behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.'. 2022-08-12T10:23:56Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007540 increased rate of courtship behavior FBcv:0007540 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of courtship behavior (GO:0007619). 'courtship behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.'. GO:0007619 GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of flight behavior (GO:0007629). 'flight behavior' is defined as: 'The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.'. 2022-08-12T10:25:01Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007541 increased rate of flight behavior FBcv:0007541 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of flight behavior (GO:0007629). 'flight behavior' is defined as: 'The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.'. GO:0007629 GOC:jid ISBN:0198606907 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of jump response (GO:0007630). 'jump response' is defined as: 'The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.'. 2022-08-12T10:25:43Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007542 increased rate of jump response FBcv:0007542 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of jump response (GO:0007630). 'jump response' is defined as: 'The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.'. GO:0007630 GOC:jid ISBN:0198606907 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of copulation (GO:0007620). 'copulation' is defined as: 'The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.'. 2022-08-12T10:26:28Z phenotypic_class FBcv:0007543 increased rate of copulation FBcv:0007543 Phenotype that is an increase in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of copulation (GO:0007620). 'copulation' is defined as: 'The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.'. GO:0007620 ISBN:0721662544 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635). 'chemosensory behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.'. 2022-08-12T10:30:08Z decreased rate of chemosensitive behavior reduced rate of chemosensory behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007544 decreased rate of chemosensory behavior FBcv:0007544 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of chemosensory behavior (GO:0007635). 'chemosensory behavior' is defined as: 'Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals.'. GO:0007635 GOC:go_curators Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of proboscis extension reflex (GO:0007637). 'proboscis extension reflex' is defined as: 'The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.'. 2022-08-12T10:30:42Z reduced rate of proboscis extension reflex phenotypic_class FBcv:0007545 decreased rate of proboscis extension reflex FBcv:0007545 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of proboscis extension reflex (GO:0007637). 'proboscis extension reflex' is defined as: 'The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus.'. FB:FBrf0044924 GO:0007637 GOC:jid Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of grooming behavior (GO:0007625). 'grooming behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.'. 2022-08-12T10:31:07Z reduced rate of grooming behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007546 decreased rate of grooming behavior FBcv:0007546 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of grooming behavior (GO:0007625). 'grooming behavior' is defined as: 'The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites.'. GO:0007625 GOC:jl GOC:pr Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). 'locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.'. 2022-08-12T10:31:37Z reduced rate of locomotory behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007547 decreased rate of locomotory behavior FBcv:0007547 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of locomotory behavior (GO:0007626). 'locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions.'. GO:0007626 GOC:dph Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult walking behavior (GO:0007628). 'adult walking behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.'. 2022-08-12T10:31:54Z reduced rate of adult walking behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007548 decreased rate of adult walking behavior FBcv:0007548 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult walking behavior (GO:0007628). 'adult walking behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg.'. GO:0007628 GOC:jid GOC:pr ISBN:0198606907 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of larval locomotory behavior (GO:0008345). 'larval locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.'. 2022-08-12T10:32:11Z reduced rate of larval locomotory behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007549 decreased rate of larval locomotory behavior FBcv:0007549 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of larval locomotory behavior (GO:0008345). 'larval locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism.'. GO:0008345 GOC:ai Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344). 'adult locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.'. 2022-08-12T10:32:30Z reduced rate of adult locomotory behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007550 decreased rate of adult locomotory behavior FBcv:0007550 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of adult locomotory behavior (GO:0008344). 'adult locomotory behavior' is defined as: 'Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism.'. GO:0008344 GOC:ai Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of mating behavior (GO:0007617). 'mating behavior' is defined as: 'The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.'. 2022-08-12T10:32:56Z reduced rate of mating behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007551 decreased rate of mating behavior FBcv:0007551 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of mating behavior (GO:0007617). 'mating behavior' is defined as: 'The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes.'. GO:0007617 GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of courtship behavior (GO:0007619). 'courtship behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.'. 2022-08-12T10:33:17Z reduced rate of courtship behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007552 decreased rate of courtship behavior FBcv:0007552 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of courtship behavior (GO:0007619). 'courtship behavior' is defined as: 'The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners.'. GO:0007619 GOC:ai GOC:dph Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of flight behavior (GO:0007629). 'flight behavior' is defined as: 'The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.'. 2022-08-12T10:33:37Z reduced rate of flight behavior phenotypic_class FBcv:0007553 decreased rate of flight behavior FBcv:0007553 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of flight behavior (GO:0007629). 'flight behavior' is defined as: 'The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air.'. GO:0007629 GOC:jid ISBN:0198606907 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of jump response (GO:0007630). 'jump response' is defined as: 'The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.'. 2022-08-12T10:33:59Z reduced rate of jump response phenotypic_class FBcv:0007554 decreased rate of jump response FBcv:0007554 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of jump response (GO:0007630). 'jump response' is defined as: 'The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus.'. GO:0007630 GOC:jid ISBN:0198606907 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of copulation (GO:0007620). 'copulation' is defined as: 'The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.'. 2022-08-12T10:34:20Z reduced rate of copulation phenotypic_class FBcv:0007555 decreased rate of copulation FBcv:0007555 Phenotype that is a decrease in any kind of rate (e.g. speed, frequency) of copulation (GO:0007620). 'copulation' is defined as: 'The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm.'. GO:0007620 ISBN:0721662544 The life of an individual of the species Drosophila melanogaster, from fertilization to death. FBdv_root:00000000 Drosophila life cycle FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00000000 Drosophila life FBdv:00000000 The life of an individual of the species Drosophila melanogaster, from fertilization to death. FBC:DOS Stage during which the nucleus of the fertilized egg performs 13 rapid divisions, prior to cellularization (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). The first seven divisions are synchronous (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). During the course of the subsequent three divisions, most of the nuclei approach the surface and then divide asynchronously a further three times, bringing the total number of cells to around 5000 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). This corresponds to embryonic stages 1-4 (Hartenstein, 1993). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00000054 Temporal ordering number - 25. cleavage stage FBdv:00000054 Stage during which the nucleus of the fertilized egg performs 13 rapid divisions, prior to cellularization (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). The first seven divisions are synchronous (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). During the course of the subsequent three divisions, most of the nuclei approach the surface and then divide asynchronously a further three times, bringing the total number of cells to around 5000 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). This corresponds to embryonic stages 1-4 (Hartenstein, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064803 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A collective term for stages 11 and 12. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00004450 Temporal ordering number - 300. late extended germ band stage FBdv:00004450 A collective term for stages 11 and 12. FBC:DOS The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gemate from a primordial female germ cell. GO:0048477 oogenesis stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00004886 Temporal ordering number - 10000. oogenesis FBdv:00004886 The complete process of formation and maturation of an ovum or female gemate from a primordial female germ cell. GO:0048477 A temporal subdivision of a developmental process. 2009-10-01T05:56:56Z FBdv:00007010 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005259 developmental stage FBdv:00005259 A temporal subdivision of a developmental process. FBC:DOS Earliest stage of ovarian cyst development - lasts while the 16 cell cyst is within the germarium (region 3). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005261 Temporal ordering number - 10010. oogenesis stage S1 FBdv:00005261 Earliest stage of ovarian cyst development - lasts while the 16 cell cyst is within the germarium (region 3). FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when the cyst leaves the germarium (from this point the cyst is referred to as an egg chamber). During this stage, polyploidation of the nurse cells begins, they reach a ploidy of 8C, and follicle cells start to divide. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005262 Temporal ordering number - 10020. oogenesis stage S2 FBdv:00005262 Oogenesis stage that begins when the cyst leaves the germarium (from this point the cyst is referred to as an egg chamber). During this stage, polyploidation of the nurse cells begins, they reach a ploidy of 8C, and follicle cells start to divide. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when the oocyte chromosomes condense into a karyosome attached to a distinctive spherical structure known as an endobody. The oocyte nucleolus disappears completely. During this stage, nurse cell ploidy reaches 16C. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005263 Temporal ordering number - 10030. oogenesis stage S3 FBdv:00005263 Oogenesis stage that begins when the oocyte chromosomes condense into a karyosome attached to a distinctive spherical structure known as an endobody. The oocyte nucleolus disappears completely. During this stage, nurse cell ploidy reaches 16C. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when the nurse cells chromosomes become bulbous. Nurse cell chromosomes during this stage are polytene and reach a ploidy of 32C. The egg chamber is oval shaped. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005264 Temporal ordering number - 10040. oogenesis stage S4 FBdv:00005264 Oogenesis stage that begins when the nurse cells chromosomes become bulbous. Nurse cell chromosomes during this stage are polytene and reach a ploidy of 32C. The egg chamber is oval shaped. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when nurse cell chromosomes are no longer bulbous - the association between homologs weakens so that these chromosomes no longer have a polytene structure. During this stage, posterior nurse cell nuclei have a higher ploidy (64C) than anterior ones. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005265 Temporal ordering number - 10050. oogenesis stage S5 FBdv:00005265 Oogenesis stage that begins when nurse cell chromosomes are no longer bulbous - the association between homologs weakens so that these chromosomes no longer have a polytene structure. During this stage, posterior nurse cell nuclei have a higher ploidy (64C) than anterior ones. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage during which follicle cell division ceases. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005266 Temporal ordering number - 10060. oogenesis stage S6 FBdv:00005266 Oogenesis stage during which follicle cell division ceases. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage during which polyploidation and enlargement of follicle cells begins. Nurse cell ploidy ranges from 256C (anterior) to 512C (posterior) and the egg chamber gains an elongated shape. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005267 Temporal ordering number - 10070. oogenesis stage S7 FBdv:00005267 Oogenesis stage during which polyploidation and enlargement of follicle cells begins. Nurse cell ploidy ranges from 256C (anterior) to 512C (posterior) and the egg chamber gains an elongated shape. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage which begins when yolk first appears in the oocyte. Follicle cell migration over the oocyte begins during this stage (although mostly occurs during stage 9). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005268 Temporal ordering number - 10080. oogenesis stage S8 FBdv:00005268 Oogenesis stage which begins when yolk first appears in the oocyte. Follicle cell migration over the oocyte begins during this stage (although mostly occurs during stage 9). FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when the border cells begin to migrate. During this stage: the oocyte is about 1/3 the length of the egg chamber with its nucleus located antero-dorsally; follicle cell migration results in an anterior to posterior gradient of follicle cell thickness with posterior cells being thicker (-> columnar) and posterior cells thinner ( -> squamous); border cell migration begins and ends; secretion of vitelline membrane begins. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005269 Temporal ordering number - 10090. oogenesis stage S9 FBdv:00005269 Oogenesis stage that begins when the border cells begin to migrate. During this stage: the oocyte is about 1/3 the length of the egg chamber with its nucleus located antero-dorsally; follicle cell migration results in an anterior to posterior gradient of follicle cell thickness with posterior cells being thicker (-> columnar) and posterior cells thinner ( -> squamous); border cell migration begins and ends; secretion of vitelline membrane begins. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when all the oocyte associated follicular epithelium is columnar and all of the nurse cell associated follicular epithelium is completely squamous and ends with the beginning of nurse cell dumping. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005270 Temporal ordering number - 10100. oogenesis stage S10 FBdv:00005270 Oogenesis stage that begins when all the oocyte associated follicular epithelium is columnar and all of the nurse cell associated follicular epithelium is completely squamous and ends with the beginning of nurse cell dumping. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage which begins when all the oocyte associated follicular epithelium is columnar and all of the nurse cell associated follicular epithelium is completely squamous and ends when centripetal follicle migration begins. During this stage, the migrating border cells reach the oocyte. The oocyte is about 50% egg chamber length. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005271 Temporal ordering number - 10110. oogenesis stage S10A FBdv:00005271 Oogenesis stage which begins when all the oocyte associated follicular epithelium is columnar and all of the nurse cell associated follicular epithelium is completely squamous and ends when centripetal follicle migration begins. During this stage, the migrating border cells reach the oocyte. The oocyte is about 50% egg chamber length. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 Oogenesis stage that begins when the centripetal follicle cells begin to migrate. As a result, the vitelline membrane extends into the opercular region. This stage ends when nurse cell dumping begins. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005272 Temporal ordering number - 10120. oogenesis stage S10B FBdv:00005272 Oogenesis stage that begins when the centripetal follicle cells begin to migrate. As a result, the vitelline membrane extends into the opercular region. This stage ends when nurse cell dumping begins. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when nurse cell dumping begins and development of the wax layer begins. The dorsal appendages begin to form during this stage. This stage ends when dying nurse cells form an anterior cap to the oocyte. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005273 Temporal ordering number - 10130. oogenesis stage S11 FBdv:00005273 Oogenesis stage that begins when nurse cell dumping begins and development of the wax layer begins. The dorsal appendages begin to form during this stage. This stage ends when dying nurse cells form an anterior cap to the oocyte. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0043885 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage that begins when dying nurse cells form an anterior cap to the oocyte. Shortly after this, nurse cell dumping and growth of the oocyte are complete. Elongation of the dorsal appendages and formation of the innermost chorionic layer and endochorion begins during this stage. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005274 Temporal ordering number - 10160. oogenesis stage S12 FBdv:00005274 Oogenesis stage that begins when dying nurse cells form an anterior cap to the oocyte. Shortly after this, nurse cell dumping and growth of the oocyte are complete. Elongation of the dorsal appendages and formation of the innermost chorionic layer and endochorion begins during this stage. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0043885 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Innermost chorionic layer and endochorion begin to form in the anterior of the follicle. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005275 Temporal ordering number - 10170. oogenesis stage S12A FBdv:00005275 Innermost chorionic layer and endochorion begin to form in the anterior of the follicle. FlyBase:FBrf0043885 Secretion of innermost chorionic layer and endochorion begins in the main follicle cells. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005276 Temporal ordering number - 10180. oogenesis stage S12B FBdv:00005276 Secretion of innermost chorionic layer and endochorion begins in the main follicle cells. FlyBase:FBrf0043885 Formation of specialized endochorion structures in the anterior of the follicle: branches in the developing dorsal appendages; compact endochorion lacking the pillars seen in the rest of the follicle. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005277 Temporal ordering number - 10190. oogenesis stage S12C FBdv:00005277 Formation of specialized endochorion structures in the anterior of the follicle: branches in the developing dorsal appendages; compact endochorion lacking the pillars seen in the rest of the follicle. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 Oogenesis stage that begins when the micropyle begins to form. At the beginning of this stage, about 12-15 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. By the end of this stage, none of these nuclei remain. Oocyte meiosis up to arrest at full metaphase I occurs during this stage. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005278 Temporal ordering number - 10200. oogenesis stage S13 FBdv:00005278 Oogenesis stage that begins when the micropyle begins to form. At the beginning of this stage, about 12-15 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. By the end of this stage, none of these nuclei remain. Oocyte meiosis up to arrest at full metaphase I occurs during this stage. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0029744 FlyBase:FBrf0034074 FlyBase:FBrf0064777 Oogenesis stage during which 12-15 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. At this stage, the oocyte nucleus has reached its maximum volume and its chromosomes are compressed into a 5-7 micrometer karyosome. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005279 Temporal ordering number - 10210. An alternative division of stage 13 into two sub-stages, A and B, has been defined on the basis of chorion development (see FBrf0043885). This ontology uses an alternative subdivision based on nurse cell nucleus number and oocyte meiosis, as the former at least, is easier to score than chorion ultrastructure. oogenesis stage S13A FBdv:00005279 Oogenesis stage during which 12-15 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. At this stage, the oocyte nucleus has reached its maximum volume and its chromosomes are compressed into a 5-7 micrometer karyosome. FlyBase:FBrf0029744 Oogenesis stage during which 9-11 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. During this stage, the nuclear membrane of the oocyte nucleus disappears, indicating the start of meiotic pro-metaphase. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005280 Temporal ordering number - 10220. An alternative division of stage 13 into two sub-stages, A and B, has been defined on the basis of chorion development (see FBrf0043885). This ontology uses an alternative subdivision based on nurse cell nucleus number and oocyte meiosis, as the former at least, is easier to score than chorion ultrastructure. oogenesis stage S13B FBdv:00005280 Oogenesis stage during which 9-11 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. During this stage, the nuclear membrane of the oocyte nucleus disappears, indicating the start of meiotic pro-metaphase. FlyBase:FBrf0029744 Oogenesis stage during which only 7-8 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. At the beginning of this stage, oocyte chromosome bivalents separate from each other - indicating mid-prometaphase of oocyte meiosis. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005281 Temporal ordering number - 10230. oogenesis stage S13C FBdv:00005281 Oogenesis stage during which only 7-8 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. At the beginning of this stage, oocyte chromosome bivalents separate from each other - indicating mid-prometaphase of oocyte meiosis. FlyBase:FBrf0029744 Oogenesis stage during which only 5-6 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is in late prometaphase:the bivalents arrange themselves in on the equatorial plane of the spindle; homologous centromeres are pulled towards the poles. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005282 Temporal ordering number - 10240. oogenesis stage S13D FBdv:00005282 Oogenesis stage during which only 5-6 nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the oocyte. The oocyte nucleus is in late prometaphase:the bivalents arrange themselves in on the equatorial plane of the spindle; homologous centromeres are pulled towards the poles. FlyBase:FBrf0029744 The last stage of oogenesis. This stage begins when no nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the egg (chamber). Exochorion formation and secretion occurs during this stage. The dorsal appendages complete their elongation and the follicle cells die. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005283 Temporal ordering number - 10260. oogenesis stage S14 FBdv:00005283 The last stage of oogenesis. This stage begins when no nurse cell nuclei remain at the anterior of the egg (chamber). Exochorion formation and secretion occurs during this stage. The dorsal appendages complete their elongation and the follicle cells die. FlyBase:FBrf0043885 Secretion and formation of the outer endochorionic network by throughout the follicle. Crystallization of the innermost chorionic layer of the main body follicle cells. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005284 Temporal ordering number - 10270. oogenesis stage S14A FBdv:00005284 Secretion and formation of the outer endochorionic network by throughout the follicle. Crystallization of the innermost chorionic layer of the main body follicle cells. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0043885 Secretion of the exochorion begins and ends. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005285 Temporal ordering number - 10280. oogenesis stage S14B FBdv:00005285 Secretion of the exochorion begins and ends. FlyBase:FBrf0021038 FlyBase:FBrf0043885 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from maturation of an egg to the end of fertilization. At the beginning of this stage, the nucleus is arrested in meiotic metaphase I. The completion of meiosis and the start of protein synthesis are triggered by ovulation. If the female has already mated, fertilization begins during meiosis. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005286 Temporal ordering number - 10290. egg stage FBdv:00005286 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from maturation of an egg to the end of fertilization. At the beginning of this stage, the nucleus is arrested in meiotic metaphase I. The completion of meiosis and the start of protein synthesis are triggered by ovulation. If the female has already mated, fertilization begins during meiosis. FlyBase:FBrf0064779 Developmental stage that starts with ovulation, at the end of oogenesis, until the egg is fertilized by a sperm. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005287 Temporal ordering number - 10300. unfertilized egg stage FBdv:00005287 Developmental stage that starts with ovulation, at the end of oogenesis, until the egg is fertilized by a sperm. FlyBase:FBrf0158848 Developmental stage that starts with sperm entry until the first mitotic division of the zygote. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005288 Temporal ordering number - 10. fertilized egg stage FBdv:00005288 Developmental stage that starts with sperm entry until the first mitotic division of the zygote. FlyBase:FBrf0229233 Life stage that begins with a fertilized egg, and finishes with hatching at the end of embryonic stage 17 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005289 Temporal ordering number - 20. embryonic stage FBdv:00005289 Life stage that begins with a fertilized egg, and finishes with hatching at the end of embryonic stage 17 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage prior to the formation of the syncitial blastoderm, including the first 9 cell divisions and the migration of nuclei to the periphery (cortex) of the embryo (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This lasts from fertilization to embryonic stage 3 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). pre-blastoderm FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005290 Temporal ordering number - 30. pre-blastoderm stage FBdv:00005290 Stage prior to the formation of the syncitial blastoderm, including the first 9 cell divisions and the migration of nuclei to the periphery (cortex) of the embryo (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This lasts from fertilization to embryonic stage 3 (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0220623 The embryonic stage that lasts from the end of fertilization to the end of the second nuclear division. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 25 minutes (0-25 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005291 Temporal ordering number - 40. embryonic stage 1 FBdv:00005291 The embryonic stage that lasts from the end of fertilization to the end of the second nuclear division. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 25 minutes (0-25 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0064779 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The first mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005292 Temporal ordering number - 50. embryonic cycle 1 FBdv:00005292 The first mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Nuclear divisions 3-8. The egg cytoplasm contracts producing a clear separation from the vitelline membrane and empty spaces at the anterior and posterior. The cleavage nuclei migrate towards the periphery. Duration at 25 degrees C approximately 40 minutes (25-65 minutes AEL). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005293 Temporal ordering number - 70. embryonic stage 2 FBdv:00005293 Nuclear divisions 3-8. The egg cytoplasm contracts producing a clear separation from the vitelline membrane and empty spaces at the anterior and posterior. The cleavage nuclei migrate towards the periphery. Duration at 25 degrees C approximately 40 minutes (25-65 minutes AEL). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The second mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005294 Temporal ordering number - 60. embryonic cycle 2 FBdv:00005294 The second mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The third mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005295 Temporal ordering number - 80. embryonic cycle 3 FBdv:00005295 The third mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The fourth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005296 Temporal ordering number - 90. embryonic cycle 4 FBdv:00005296 The fourth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The fifth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005297 Temporal ordering number - 100. embryonic cycle 5 FBdv:00005297 The fifth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The sixth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005298 Temporal ordering number - 110. embryonic cycle 6 FBdv:00005298 The sixth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The seventh mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005299 Temporal ordering number - 120. embryonic cycle 7 FBdv:00005299 The seventh mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 The eighth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005300 Temporal ordering number - 130. embryonic cycle 8 FBdv:00005300 The eighth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Nuclear division 9. The cleavage nuclei complete their migration to the periphery. Polar buds form at the posterior pole and divide once. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 15 minutes (65-80 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005301 Temporal ordering number - 140. embryonic stage 3 FBdv:00005301 Nuclear division 9. The cleavage nuclei complete their migration to the periphery. Polar buds form at the posterior pole and divide once. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 15 minutes (65-80 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The ninth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005302 Temporal ordering number - 150. embryonic cycle 9 FBdv:00005302 The ninth mitotic cell cycle of embryogenesis. This occurs synchronously across the embryo. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 Stage during which most of the nuclei are arranged as a monolayer at the cortex (periphery) of the embryo (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). It begins shortly after completion of the ninth cleavage division and lasts until the onset of gastrulation, including cleavage cycles 10-14A (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This corresponds to embryonic stages 4 (syncitial blastoderm stage) and 5 (cellular blastoderm stage) (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). blastoderm FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005304 Temporal ordering number - 160. blastoderm stage FBdv:00005304 Stage during which most of the nuclei are arranged as a monolayer at the cortex (periphery) of the embryo (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). It begins shortly after completion of the ninth cleavage division and lasts until the onset of gastrulation, including cleavage cycles 10-14A (Foe and Alberts, 1983; Jaeger et al., 2012). This corresponds to embryonic stages 4 (syncitial blastoderm stage) and 5 (cellular blastoderm stage) (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0039741 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 FlyBase:FBrf0220623 Nuclear division 10-13. Polar buds divide twice and become tightly grouped at the posterior pole by the end of this stage. Nuclei visible at the rim of the embryo. Stage 4 ends with the beginning of cellularization. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 50 minutes (80-130 minutes after egg laying). syncytial blastoderm stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005306 Temporal ordering number - 170. embryonic stage 4 FBdv:00005306 Nuclear division 10-13. Polar buds divide twice and become tightly grouped at the posterior pole by the end of this stage. Nuclei visible at the rim of the embryo. Stage 4 ends with the beginning of cellularization. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 50 minutes (80-130 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 syncytial blastoderm stage FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Cellularization. Stage 5 begins when cellularization starts. Near the end of this stage the pole cells begin to migrate dorsally and ventral midline cells acquire an irregular, wavy appearance. Stage 5 ends when ventral furrow formation becomes apparent. Duration at 25 degrees: approximately 40 minutes (130-170 minutes after egg laying). cellular blastoderm stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005311 Temporal ordering number - 210. embryonic stage 5 FBdv:00005311 Cellularization. Stage 5 begins when cellularization starts. Near the end of this stage the pole cells begin to migrate dorsally and ventral midline cells acquire an irregular, wavy appearance. Stage 5 ends when ventral furrow formation becomes apparent. Duration at 25 degrees: approximately 40 minutes (130-170 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 cellular blastoderm stage FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage during which gastrulation occurs. During this stage, cells from the polar caps and the mid-ventral part of the blastoderm invaginate and ultimately generate the germ layers (Hartenstein, 1993). This encompasses embryonic stages 6-8 (Hartenstein, 1993). gastrula gastrulation stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005317 Temporal ordering number - 220. gastrula stage FBdv:00005317 Stage during which gastrulation occurs. During this stage, cells from the polar caps and the mid-ventral part of the blastoderm invaginate and ultimately generate the germ layers (Hartenstein, 1993). This encompasses embryonic stages 6-8 (Hartenstein, 1993). FlyBase:FBrf0064803 Stage 6 begins when the ventral furrow becomes apparent, an event which is followed rapidly by the formation of the cephalic furrow. Stage 6 ends when the pole cells have adopted a dorsal (horizontal) position at the posterior. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 10 minutes (170-180 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005318 Temporal ordering number - 230. embryonic stage 6 FBdv:00005318 Stage 6 begins when the ventral furrow becomes apparent, an event which is followed rapidly by the formation of the cephalic furrow. Stage 6 ends when the pole cells have adopted a dorsal (horizontal) position at the posterior. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 10 minutes (170-180 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 7 begins when the pole cells have adopted a dorsal (horizontal) position at the posterior. Invagination of the anterior and posterior midgut and hindgut follows. The 'discoid plate' that carries the pole cells forms a pocket. Transverse furrows (dorsal folds) form on the dorsal surface. This stage ends when the anterior wall of the amnioproctodeal invagination starts moving anteriorly and the pole cells are no longer visible externally. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 10 minutes (180-190 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005319 Temporal ordering number - 240. embryonic stage 7 FBdv:00005319 Stage 7 begins when the pole cells have adopted a dorsal (horizontal) position at the posterior. Invagination of the anterior and posterior midgut and hindgut follows. The 'discoid plate' that carries the pole cells forms a pocket. Transverse furrows (dorsal folds) form on the dorsal surface. This stage ends when the anterior wall of the amnioproctodeal invagination starts moving anteriorly and the pole cells are no longer visible externally. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 10 minutes (180-190 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stages during which the germ band is extended - 9-12. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005321 Temporal ordering number - 260. extended germ band stage FBdv:00005321 Stages during which the germ band is extended - 9-12. FBC:DOS FlyBase:FBrf0229323 Stage 8 starts with the rapid phase of germ band extension and ends with the beginning of mesodermal segmentation. By the end of this stage germ band extension has progressed to the point where the proctodeal opening is at about 60% egg length and the dorsal folds (transverse furrows) are no longer visible. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 30 minutes (190-220 minutes after egg laying). rapidly extending germ band stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005322 Temporal ordering number - 250. embryonic stage 8 FBdv:00005322 Stage 8 starts with the rapid phase of germ band extension and ends with the beginning of mesodermal segmentation. By the end of this stage germ band extension has progressed to the point where the proctodeal opening is at about 60% egg length and the dorsal folds (transverse furrows) are no longer visible. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 30 minutes (190-220 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 9 begins when mesodermal segmentation becomes (transiently) visible, and ends with the appearance of the stomodeal invagination slightly ventral to the anterior pole. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 40 minutes (220-260 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005323 Temporal ordering number - 280. embryonic stage 9 FBdv:00005323 Stage 9 begins when mesodermal segmentation becomes (transiently) visible, and ends with the appearance of the stomodeal invagination slightly ventral to the anterior pole. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 40 minutes (220-260 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 10 begins with the appearance of the stomodeal invagination, slightly ventral to the anterior pole. Periodic furrows appear in the embryonic epidermis around the middle of the stage. The germ band continues to extend, reaching its maximum extent of 75% egg length towards the end of the stage. The end of the stage is marked by the beginning of invagination of the tracheal placodes. Duration at 25 degrees : approximately 60 minutes (260-320 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005324 Temporal ordering number - 290. embryonic stage 10 FBdv:00005324 Stage 10 begins with the appearance of the stomodeal invagination, slightly ventral to the anterior pole. Periodic furrows appear in the embryonic epidermis around the middle of the stage. The germ band continues to extend, reaching its maximum extent of 75% egg length towards the end of the stage. The end of the stage is marked by the beginning of invagination of the tracheal placodes. Duration at 25 degrees : approximately 60 minutes (260-320 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 11 begins with the invagination of the tracheal placodes. Para-segmental furrow form and segment boundary furrows become deep folds. Within the head, gnathal protuberances become apparent. The end of this stage is signaled by the appearance of a distinct cleft at the posterior pole of the embryo, which becomes detached from the vitelline membrane. This marks the beginning of germ-band retraction. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 120 minutes (320-440 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005325 Temporal ordering number - 310. embryonic stage 11 FBdv:00005325 Stage 11 begins with the invagination of the tracheal placodes. Para-segmental furrow form and segment boundary furrows become deep folds. Within the head, gnathal protuberances become apparent. The end of this stage is signaled by the appearance of a distinct cleft at the posterior pole of the embryo, which becomes detached from the vitelline membrane. This marks the beginning of germ-band retraction. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 120 minutes (320-440 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Germ band retraction. Stage 12 begins when germ-band retraction starts and ends when this process is complete so that the prospective anal plate occupies the posterior pole. During this stage the posterior and anterior midgut primordia meet and fuse and the tracheal pits fuse to form the tracheal tree. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 120 minutes (440-560 minutes after egg laying). retracting germ band stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005327 Temporal ordering number - 320. embryonic stage 12 FBdv:00005327 Germ band retraction. Stage 12 begins when germ-band retraction starts and ends when this process is complete so that the prospective anal plate occupies the posterior pole. During this stage the posterior and anterior midgut primordia meet and fuse and the tracheal pits fuse to form the tracheal tree. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 120 minutes (440-560 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 13 begins at the completion of germ-band retraction, when the prospective anal plate occupy the posterior pole. The dorsal ridge becomes apparent externally; the clypeolabrum retracts, leaving a triangular shaped gap at the anterior pole; the labium moves to the ventral midline. This stage ends when head involution begins. Duration at 25 degrees C: Approximately 60 minutes (560-620 minutes after egg laying). contracted germ band stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005328 Temporal ordering number - 340. embryonic stage 13 FBdv:00005328 Stage 13 begins at the completion of germ-band retraction, when the prospective anal plate occupy the posterior pole. The dorsal ridge becomes apparent externally; the clypeolabrum retracts, leaving a triangular shaped gap at the anterior pole; the labium moves to the ventral midline. This stage ends when head involution begins. Duration at 25 degrees C: Approximately 60 minutes (560-620 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 14 begins with the initiation of head involution. Closure of the midgut around the yolk and dorsal closure continue. Dorsal closure is 80% complete by the end of this stage. This stage ends with the appearance of the second midgut constriction. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 60 minutes (620-680 minutes after egg laying). head involution stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005330 Temporal ordering number - 350. embryonic stage 14 FBdv:00005330 Stage 14 begins with the initiation of head involution. Closure of the midgut around the yolk and dorsal closure continue. Dorsal closure is 80% complete by the end of this stage. This stage ends with the appearance of the second midgut constriction. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 60 minutes (620-680 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage following germ band retraction, during which dorsal closure happens (Hartenstein, 1993). Dorsal closure occurs by extension of the dorsal epidermal primordium on either side, leading to fusion at the dorsal midline (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). This corresponds to embryonic stages 13-15 (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005331 Temporal ordering number - 330. dorsal closure stage FBdv:00005331 Stage following germ band retraction, during which dorsal closure happens (Hartenstein, 1993). Dorsal closure occurs by extension of the dorsal epidermal primordium on either side, leading to fusion at the dorsal midline (Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). This corresponds to embryonic stages 13-15 (Hartenstein, 1993; Campos-Ortega and Hartenstein, 1997). FlyBase:FBrf0064803 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 15 begins with the appearance of the second midgut constriction. During this stage the 1st and 3rd midgut constrictions form, dorsal closure is completed, and epidermal segmentation is accomplished. This stage ends when the intersegmental grooves can be distinguished at mid-dorsal level. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 100 minutes (680-780 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005332 Temporal ordering number - 360. embryonic stage 15 FBdv:00005332 Stage 15 begins with the appearance of the second midgut constriction. During this stage the 1st and 3rd midgut constrictions form, dorsal closure is completed, and epidermal segmentation is accomplished. This stage ends when the intersegmental grooves can be distinguished at mid-dorsal level. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 100 minutes (680-780 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Embryonic stages 16-17. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005333 Temporal ordering number - 370. late embryonic stage FBdv:00005333 Embryonic stages 16-17. FBC:DOS Stage 16 begins when the intersegmental grooves can be distinguished at mid-dorsal level, and ends when the dorsal ridge (frontal sac) has overgrown the tip of the clypeolabrum, which is thereby enclosed in the atrium. During this stage the ventral cord retracts to about 60% egg length. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 180 minutes (780-960 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005334 Temporal ordering number - 380. embryonic stage 16 FBdv:00005334 Stage 16 begins when the intersegmental grooves can be distinguished at mid-dorsal level, and ends when the dorsal ridge (frontal sac) has overgrown the tip of the clypeolabrum, which is thereby enclosed in the atrium. During this stage the ventral cord retracts to about 60% egg length. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 180 minutes (780-960 minutes after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 Stage 17 begins when the dorsal ridge (frontal sac) has overgrown the tip of the clypeolabrum, which is thereby enclosed in the atrium. It lasts until hatching of the embryo (approximately 24 hours after egg laying), during which time much terminal differentiation occurs, the tracheal tree fills with air, so becoming completely visible, and the ventral cord continues to retract. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 8 hours (16-24 hours after egg laying). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005335 Temporal ordering number - 390. embryonic stage 17 FBdv:00005335 Stage 17 begins when the dorsal ridge (frontal sac) has overgrown the tip of the clypeolabrum, which is thereby enclosed in the atrium. It lasts until hatching of the embryo (approximately 24 hours after egg laying), during which time much terminal differentiation occurs, the tracheal tree fills with air, so becoming completely visible, and the ventral cord continues to retract. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 8 hours (16-24 hours after egg laying). FlyBase:FBrf0089570 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from hatching to the beginning of puparium formation. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005336 Temporal ordering number - 400. larval stage FBdv:00005336 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from hatching to the beginning of puparium formation. FBC:DOS The first larval instar begins at hatching and ends at the first larval molt. Anterior spiracles are not yet present; posterior spiracles have two openings each. Salivary glands are very small and all cells are uniform in size. Mouth hooks typically have one tooth. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 25 hours (24-49 hours after egg laying; 0-25 hours after hatching). UBERON:8000000 L1 first instar larva FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005337 Temporal ordering number - 410. first instar larval stage FBdv:00005337 The first larval instar begins at hatching and ends at the first larval molt. Anterior spiracles are not yet present; posterior spiracles have two openings each. Salivary glands are very small and all cells are uniform in size. Mouth hooks typically have one tooth. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 25 hours (24-49 hours after egg laying; 0-25 hours after hatching). FlyBase:FBrf0007733 The second larval instar begins at the first larval molt and ends at the second larval molt. Larvae are actively feeding and crawling in the food. Distinct anterior spiracles are present as enlargements at the end of the tracheal trunk, but not open to the outside; posterior spiracles have three openings each, and four groups of small unbranched hairs. The salivary glands extend to the first abdominal segment, and have cells that are uniform in size. Mouth hooks typically have two or three teeth. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 23 hours (49-72 hours after egg laying; 25-48 hours after hatching). UBERON:8000001 L2 second instar larva FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005338 Temporal ordering number - 420. second instar larval stage FBdv:00005338 The second larval instar begins at the first larval molt and ends at the second larval molt. Larvae are actively feeding and crawling in the food. Distinct anterior spiracles are present as enlargements at the end of the tracheal trunk, but not open to the outside; posterior spiracles have three openings each, and four groups of small unbranched hairs. The salivary glands extend to the first abdominal segment, and have cells that are uniform in size. Mouth hooks typically have two or three teeth. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 23 hours (49-72 hours after egg laying; 25-48 hours after hatching). FlyBase:FBrf0007733 The third larval instar begins at the second larval molt and ends at puparium formation. Anterior spiracles are open to the outside; posterior spiracles have three openings each, and four groups of large branched hairs. The salivary glands extend to the second abdominal segment, with cells larger in the posterior than in the anterior of the gland. Mouth hooks typically have 9-12 teeth. About 24 hours before pupariation (at 25 degree C), larvae stop feeding and climb away from their food. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 48 hours (72-120 hours after egg laying; 48-96 hours after hatching). UBERON:8000002 L3 FlyBase_development_CV third instar larva FBdv:00005339 Temporal ordering number - 430. third instar larval stage FBdv:00005339 The third larval instar begins at the second larval molt and ends at puparium formation. Anterior spiracles are open to the outside; posterior spiracles have three openings each, and four groups of large branched hairs. The salivary glands extend to the second abdominal segment, with cells larger in the posterior than in the anterior of the gland. Mouth hooks typically have 9-12 teeth. About 24 hours before pupariation (at 25 degree C), larvae stop feeding and climb away from their food. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 48 hours (72-120 hours after egg laying; 48-96 hours after hatching). FlyBase:FBrf0007733 Third instar larva prior to the wandering stage (approximately the first 24 hours of the third instar larval stage under standard conditions at 25'C.). 2008-11-13T11:51:56Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005340 Temporal ordering number - 440. early third instar larval stage FBdv:00005340 Third instar larva prior to the wandering stage (approximately the first 24 hours of the third instar larval stage under standard conditions at 25'C.). FlyBase:FBrf0049147 Stage of the third larval instar during which the larva wanders out of the food and climbs. Under optimum conditions at 25'C, this occurs approximately 24 hours after the start of the third instar larval stage. 2008-11-13T11:55:46Z late third instar post-feeding larva FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005341 Temporal ordering number - 460. wandering third instar larval stage FBdv:00005341 Stage of the third larval instar during which the larva wanders out of the food and climbs. Under optimum conditions at 25'C, this occurs approximately 24 hours after the start of the third instar larval stage. FlyBase:FBrf0049147 The prepupal stage begins at puparium formation and ends when larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the completion of imaginal head sac eversion and the expulsion of the oral armature of the larva. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 hours. (120-132.2 hours after egg laying; 0-12.2 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005342 Temporal ordering number - 500. prepupal stage FBdv:00005342 The prepupal stage begins at puparium formation and ends when larval/pupal apolysis is complete, as indicated by the completion of imaginal head sac eversion and the expulsion of the oral armature of the larva. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 hours. (120-132.2 hours after egg laying; 0-12.2 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Extends from puparium formation through tanning of the pupal cuticle. Posterior spiracles and ridge between anterior spiracles tan orange. Wriggling stops completely. Puparium becomes brown to the unaided eye. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 20 minutes. (120-120.3 hours after egg laying; 0-0.3 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P1 puparium formation white puparium stage pupal stage P0 white prepupa FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005343 Temporal ordering number - 510. prepupal stage P1 FBdv:00005343 Extends from puparium formation through tanning of the pupal cuticle. Posterior spiracles and ridge between anterior spiracles tan orange. Wriggling stops completely. Puparium becomes brown to the unaided eye. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 20 minutes. (120-120.3 hours after egg laying; 0-0.3 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 puparium formation FlyBase:FBrf0036849 white puparium stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 pupal stage P0 FlyBase:FBrf0036849 white prepupa FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Male gonads become less distinct. Oral armature stops moving permanently. Dorsal medial abdominal contractions stop. Gas bubble becomes visible within abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 100 minutes. (120.3-122 hours after egg laying; 0.3-2 hours after puparium formation). brown puparium stage pupal stage P2 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005344 Temporal ordering number - 520. prepupal stage P2 FBdv:00005344 Male gonads become less distinct. Oral armature stops moving permanently. Dorsal medial abdominal contractions stop. Gas bubble becomes visible within abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 100 minutes. (120.3-122 hours after egg laying; 0.3-2 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 brown puparium stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Ridge of the operculum becomes distinct. Puparium begins to separate from underlying epidermis. Becomes positively buoyant. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 4 hours, 45 minutes. (122-126.75 hours after egg laying; 2-6.75 hours after puparium formation). bubble prepupa stage pupal stage P3 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005345 Temporal ordering number - 530. prepupal stage P3 FBdv:00005345 Ridge of the operculum becomes distinct. Puparium begins to separate from underlying epidermis. Becomes positively buoyant. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 4 hours, 45 minutes. (122-126.75 hours after egg laying; 2-6.75 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 bubble prepupa stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Prepupal stage P4 begins as the lateral trunk trachea become obscured and ends when the imaginal head sac is everted and the oral armature of the larva is expelled. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 5 hours, 30 minutes. (126.75-132.2 hours after egg laying; 6.75-12.2 hours after puparium formation). cryptocephalic pupa pupal stage P4 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005346 Temporal ordering number - 540. prepupal stage P4 FBdv:00005346 Prepupal stage P4 begins as the lateral trunk trachea become obscured and ends when the imaginal head sac is everted and the oral armature of the larva is expelled. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 5 hours, 30 minutes. (126.75-132.2 hours after egg laying; 6.75-12.2 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 cryptocephalic pupa FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Lateral trunk tracheae become obscured. Dorsal medial abdominal contractions occur. Everted leg and wing discs become visible. Bubble appears in posterior of puparium, displacing the pupa anteriorly; abdominal bubble disappears. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 5 hours, 15 minutes. (126.75-132 hours after egg laying; 6.75-12 hours after puparium formation). buoyant stage pupal stage P4(i) FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005347 Temporal ordering number - 550. prepupal stage P4(i) FBdv:00005347 Lateral trunk tracheae become obscured. Dorsal medial abdominal contractions occur. Everted leg and wing discs become visible. Bubble appears in posterior of puparium, displacing the pupa anteriorly; abdominal bubble disappears. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 5 hours, 15 minutes. (126.75-132 hours after egg laying; 6.75-12 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 buoyant stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Bubble is displaced to anterior end of the puparium, and pupa withdraws to the posterior end. Imaginal head sac is everted and the oral armature of the larva is expelled. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 minutes. (132-132.2 hours after egg laying; 12-12.2 hours after puparium formation). moving bubble stage pupal stage P4(ii) FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005348 Temporal ordering number - 560. prepupal stage P4(ii) FBdv:00005348 Bubble is displaced to anterior end of the puparium, and pupa withdraws to the posterior end. Imaginal head sac is everted and the oral armature of the larva is expelled. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 minutes. (132-132.2 hours after egg laying; 12-12.2 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 moving bubble stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 The pupal stage starts once larval/pupal apolysis is complete as indicated by the expulsion of the larval armature. Early in this stage, the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen. The stage ends when the pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis (pupal/adult apolysis), and the eye cup becomes yellow at its periphery. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 32 hours. (132.2-164.3 hours after egg laying; 12.2-44.3 hours after puparium formation). phanerocephalic pupa FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005349 Temporal ordering number - 570. DISAMBIGUATION: In Drosophila lab vernacular, the term 'pupal stage' is often used to refer to the entire period from formation of the puparium to eclosion. However, this does not correspond to the standard usage of 'pupal stage' for Cyclorrhaphous flies (for discussion see: FBrf0087128). Briefly: formation of the puparium (hardening of the larval cuticle) marks the beginning of the pre-pupal stage. The pupal stage begins following pupal/larval apolysis - detachment of the larval epidermis from the puparium. In Drosophila, the outward sign of the completion of apolysis is the eversion of the head and expulsion of the larval mouthparts (FBrf0036849). We use P-stage to refer to the stage from pupariation to eclosion, and restrict pupal stage to its standard usage. pupal stage FBdv:00005349 The pupal stage starts once larval/pupal apolysis is complete as indicated by the expulsion of the larval armature. Early in this stage, the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen. The stage ends when the pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis (pupal/adult apolysis), and the eye cup becomes yellow at its periphery. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 32 hours. (132.2-164.3 hours after egg laying; 12.2-44.3 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 phanerocephalic pupa FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Pupal stage P5 starts when the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen and ends as the Malpighian tubules become prominent and green. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 6 hours, 30 minutes. (132.2-138.7 hours after egg laying; 12.2-18.7 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005350 Temporal ordering number - 580. pupal stage P5 FBdv:00005350 Pupal stage P5 starts when the legs and wings reach full extension along the abdomen and ends as the Malpighian tubules become prominent and green. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 6 hours, 30 minutes. (132.2-138.7 hours after egg laying; 12.2-18.7 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Legs and wings reach full extension along abdomen. Enlarged initial segments of anterior pair Malpighian tubules move from thorax into abdomen. Translucent patch that lacks adhering fat body cells becomes discernible in the middle of the eye region. Pair of white Malpighian tubules becomes visible dorsally in the abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 66 minutes. (132.2-133.3 hours after egg laying; 12.2-13.3 hours after puparium formation). Malpighian tubules migrating FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005351 Temporal ordering number - 590. pupal stage P5(i) FBdv:00005351 Legs and wings reach full extension along abdomen. Enlarged initial segments of anterior pair Malpighian tubules move from thorax into abdomen. Translucent patch that lacks adhering fat body cells becomes discernible in the middle of the eye region. Pair of white Malpighian tubules becomes visible dorsally in the abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 66 minutes. (132.2-133.3 hours after egg laying; 12.2-13.3 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Malpighian tubules migrating FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Malpighian tubules become prominent and green. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 5 hours, 25 minutes. (133.3-138.7 hours after egg laying; 13.3-18.7 hours after puparium formation). white Malpighian tubules stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005352 Temporal ordering number - 600. pupal stage P5(ii) FBdv:00005352 Malpighian tubules become prominent and green. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 5 hours, 25 minutes. (133.3-138.7 hours after egg laying; 13.3-18.7 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 white Malpighian tubules stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Dark green 'yellow body' appears between the anterior ends of the two Malpighian tubule segments, mid-dorsally at the anterior of the abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 13 hours, 45 minutes. (138.7-152.4 hours after egg laying; 18.7-32.4 hours after puparium formation). green Malpighian tubules stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005353 Temporal ordering number - 610. pupal stage P6 FBdv:00005353 Dark green 'yellow body' appears between the anterior ends of the two Malpighian tubule segments, mid-dorsally at the anterior of the abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 13 hours, 45 minutes. (138.7-152.4 hours after egg laying; 18.7-32.4 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 green Malpighian tubules stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 The 'yellow body' moves back between the Malpighian tubules. The transparent pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis. Eye cup becomes yellow at its perimeter. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 hours. (152.4-164.3 hours after egg laying; 32.4-44.3 hours after puparium formation). yellow body stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005354 Temporal ordering number - 620. pupal stage P7 FBdv:00005354 The 'yellow body' moves back between the Malpighian tubules. The transparent pupal cuticle separates from the underlying epidermis. Eye cup becomes yellow at its perimeter. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 hours. (152.4-164.3 hours after egg laying; 32.4-44.3 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 yellow body stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Pale yellow pigmentation spreads inwards across the eye. Eye color becomes bright yellow, then changes to amber. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 hours 20 minutes. (164.3-176.6 hours after egg laying; 44.3-56.6 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P8 yellow-eyed stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005355 Temporal ordering number - 630. pharate adult stage P8 FBdv:00005355 Pale yellow pigmentation spreads inwards across the eye. Eye color becomes bright yellow, then changes to amber. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 12 hours 20 minutes. (164.3-176.6 hours after egg laying; 44.3-56.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 yellow-eyed stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Eye color darkens to deep amber, then becomes pale pink. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 18 hours. (176.6-194.5 hours after egg laying; 56.6-74.5 hours after puparium formation). amber-eyed stage pupal stage P9 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005356 Temporal ordering number - 640. pharate adult stage P9 FBdv:00005356 Eye color darkens to deep amber, then becomes pale pink. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 18 hours. (176.6-194.5 hours after egg laying; 56.6-74.5 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 amber-eyed stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Eyes become bright red. Orbital and ocellar bristles and vibrissae darken. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 6 minutes. (194.5-194.6 hours after egg laying; 74.5-74.6 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P10 red-eye bald stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005357 Temporal ordering number - 650. pharate adult stage P10 FBdv:00005357 Eyes become bright red. Orbital and ocellar bristles and vibrissae darken. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 6 minutes. (194.5-194.6 hours after egg laying; 74.5-74.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 red-eye bald stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Thoracic bristles become visible, and the tips of the wings turn grey. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 2 hours. (194.6-196.6 hours after egg laying; 74.6-76.6 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P11 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005358 Temporal ordering number - 660. pharate adult stage P11 FBdv:00005358 Thoracic bristles become visible, and the tips of the wings turn grey. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 2 hours. (194.6-196.6 hours after egg laying; 74.6-76.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Dorsal thoracic microchaetes and macrochaetes become visible. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 80 minutes (194.6-195.5 hours after egg laying; 74.6-75.9 hours after puparium formation). head bristles stage pupal stage P11(i) FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005359 Temporal ordering number - 670. pharate adult stage P11(i) FBdv:00005359 Dorsal thoracic microchaetes and macrochaetes become visible. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 80 minutes (194.6-195.5 hours after egg laying; 74.6-75.9 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 head bristles stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Tips of folded wings become grey. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 45 minutes (195.5-196.6 hours after egg laying; 75.9-76.6 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P11(ii) thoracic bristles stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005360 Temporal ordering number - 680. pharate adult stage P11(ii) FBdv:00005360 Tips of folded wings become grey. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 45 minutes (195.5-196.6 hours after egg laying; 75.9-76.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 thoracic bristles stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Pharate adult stage P12 begins as the abdominal tergite bristles become visible, and ends as the wings darken to black. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 2 hours. (196.6-198.6 hours after egg laying; 76.6-78.6 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P12 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005361 Temporal ordering number - 690. pharate adult stage P12 FBdv:00005361 Pharate adult stage P12 begins as the abdominal tergite bristles become visible, and ends as the wings darken to black. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 2 hours. (196.6-198.6 hours after egg laying; 76.6-78.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Bristles of the abdominal tergites become visible, and the wings become grey. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 55 minutes. (196.6-197.5 hours after egg laying; 76.6-77.5 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P12(i) wing tips grey stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005362 Temporal ordering number - 700. pharate adult stage P12(i) FBdv:00005362 Bristles of the abdominal tergites become visible, and the wings become grey. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 55 minutes. (196.6-197.5 hours after egg laying; 76.6-77.5 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 wing tips grey stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Sex combs darken in males. Wings darken to black. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 65 minutes. (197.5-198.6 hours after egg laying; 77.5-78.6 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P12(ii) wings grey stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005363 Temporal ordering number - 710. pharate adult stage P12(ii) FBdv:00005363 Sex combs darken in males. Wings darken to black. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 65 minutes. (197.5-198.6 hours after egg laying; 77.5-78.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 wings grey stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Tarsal bristles darken and claws become black. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 3 hours, 20 minutes. (198.6-201.9 hours after egg laying; 78.6-81.9 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P13 wings black stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005364 Temporal ordering number - 720. pharate adult stage P13 FBdv:00005364 Tarsal bristles darken and claws become black. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 3 hours, 20 minutes. (198.6-201.9 hours after egg laying; 78.6-81.9 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 wings black stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 The meconium appears dorsally at the posterior tip of the abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 9 hours, 30 minutes (201.9-211.5 hours after egg laying; 81.9-91.5 hours after puparium formation). mature bristles stage pupal stage P14 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005365 Temporal ordering number - 730. pharate adult stage P14 FBdv:00005365 The meconium appears dorsally at the posterior tip of the abdomen. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 9 hours, 30 minutes (201.9-211.5 hours after egg laying; 81.9-91.5 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 mature bristles stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Pharate adult stage P15 begins with the tanning of the tergites and ends with eclosion. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 8 hours, 30 minutes. (211.5-220 hours after egg laying; 91.5-100 hours after puparium formation). pupal stage P15 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005366 Temporal ordering number - 740. pharate adult stage P15 FBdv:00005366 Pharate adult stage P15 begins with the tanning of the tergites and ends with eclosion. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 8 hours, 30 minutes. (211.5-220 hours after egg laying; 91.5-100 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 Tanning of the tergites obscures the Malpighian tubules and the 'yellow body'. Legs begin to twitch; fly is able to walk if puparium is removed prematurely. Ptilinum expands by hydrostatic pressure, opening the operculum. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 8 hours, 6 minutes. (211.5-219.6 hours after egg laying; 91.5-99.6 hours after puparium formation). meconium stage pupal stage P15(i) FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005367 Temporal ordering number - 750. pharate adult stage P15(i) FBdv:00005367 Tanning of the tergites obscures the Malpighian tubules and the 'yellow body'. Legs begin to twitch; fly is able to walk if puparium is removed prematurely. Ptilinum expands by hydrostatic pressure, opening the operculum. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 8 hours, 6 minutes. (211.5-219.6 hours after egg laying; 91.5-99.6 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 meconium stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Stage which starts when the operculum opens and ends when eclosion is completed. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 24 minutes. (219.6-220 hours after egg laying; 99.6-100 hours after puparium formation). eclosion stage pupal stage P15(ii) FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005368 Temporal ordering number - 760. pharate adult stage P15(ii) FBdv:00005368 Stage which starts when the operculum opens and ends when eclosion is completed. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 24 minutes. (219.6-220 hours after egg laying; 99.6-100 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 eclosion stage FlyBase:FBrf0036849 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from eclosion to death. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00005369 Temporal ordering number - 770. adult stage FBdv:00005369 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from eclosion to death. FBC:DOS Newly eclosed adult stage. Animal free of pupal case. Runs rapidly to find site for wing expansion. Wings are folded back and black against a very pale abdomen. FBdv:00005373 FlyBase_development_CV adult stage I FBdv:00005370 Temporal ordering number - 785. The time at which eclosed flies settle down for wing expansion can vary greatly. If they fail to find a suitable site then expansion can be delayed by several hours. adult stage A1 FBdv:00005370 Newly eclosed adult stage. Animal free of pupal case. Runs rapidly to find site for wing expansion. Wings are folded back and black against a very pale abdomen. FlyBase:FBrf0049147 Stage, shortly after eclosion, during which the wings expand. During wing expansion, the abdomen pulsates and the hind legs stroke the wings vigorously for several minutes at a time. The stage ends when the wings are folded down over the abdomen, which has become broader and shorter, and the wing cuticle has lost its folds. The stage lasts around 15 minutes at 25'C. FBdv:00005374 FlyBase_development_CV adult stage II FBdv:00005371 Temporal ordering number - 790. adult stage A2 FBdv:00005371 Stage, shortly after eclosion, during which the wings expand. During wing expansion, the abdomen pulsates and the hind legs stroke the wings vigorously for several minutes at a time. The stage ends when the wings are folded down over the abdomen, which has become broader and shorter, and the wing cuticle has lost its folds. The stage lasts around 15 minutes at 25'C. FlyBase:FBrf0049147 The developing adult after pupal-adult apolysis, i.e.- from stage P8 (when yellow eye color first becomes visible through the pupal case), to eclosion. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 55.7 hours (164.3-220 hours after egg laying; 44.3-100 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00006011 Temporal ordering number - 625. pharate adult stage FBdv:00006011 The developing adult after pupal-adult apolysis, i.e.- from stage P8 (when yellow eye color first becomes visible through the pupal case), to eclosion. Duration at 25 degrees C: approximately 55.7 hours (164.3-220 hours after egg laying; 44.3-100 hours after puparium formation). FlyBase:FBrf0036849 FlyBase:FBrf0048355 FlyBase:FBrf0049147 Adult stage immediately after wing expansion, during which tanning of the cuticle is completed. This stage lasts approximately 45 minutes at 25'C. FBdv:00005375 FlyBase_development_CV adult stage III FBdv:00006012 Temporal ordering number - 800. adult stage A3 FBdv:00006012 Adult stage immediately after wing expansion, during which tanning of the cuticle is completed. This stage lasts approximately 45 minutes at 25'C. FlyBase:FBrf0049147 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from the formation of the puparium (beginning of the prepupal stage) to eclosion. 2008-06-05T04:51:40Z metamorphosis FlyBase_development_CV pupal stage FBdv:00007001 Temporal ordering number - 490. DISAMBIGUATION: In Drosophila lab vernacular, the term 'pupal stage' is often used to refer to the entire period from formation of the puparium to eclosion. However, this does not correspond to the standard usage of 'pupal stage' for cyclorrhaphous flies (for discussion see: FBrf0087128). Briefly: formation of the puparium (hardening of the larval cuticle) marks the beginning of the pre-pupal stage. The pupal stage begins following pupal/larval apolysis - detachment of the larval epidermis from the puparium. In Drosophila, the outward sign of the completion of apolysis is the eversion of the head an expulsion of the larval mouthparts (FBrf0036849). We use P-stage to refer to the stage from pupariation to eclosion, and restrict pupal stage to its standard usage. P-stage FBdv:00007001 The stage of the Drosophila life-cycle from the formation of the puparium (beginning of the prepupal stage) to eclosion. FBC:DOS Stage which begins when wandering third instar larva stops crawling. The larva everts its anterior spiracles during this stage. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007004 Temporal ordering number - 470. third instar larval stage L1 FBdv:00007004 Stage which begins when wandering third instar larva stops crawling. The larva everts its anterior spiracles during this stage. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 The anterior spiracles are fully everted, with 7-9 finger-like projections. The body shortens, withdrawing three apparent abdominal segments and the larva sticks to its substrate. spiracles everted larva FlyBase_development_CV white prepupa FBdv:00007005 Temporal ordering number - 480. third instar larval stage L2 FBdv:00007005 The anterior spiracles are fully everted, with 7-9 finger-like projections. The body shortens, withdrawing three apparent abdominal segments and the larva sticks to its substrate. FlyBase:FBrf0036849 spiracles everted larva FlyBase:FBrf0036849 white prepupa FlyBase:FBrf0036849 Third instar larva from the beginning of wandering to the beginning of puparium formation. 2008-12-11T01:19:53Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007007 Temporal ordering number - 450. late third instar larval stage FBdv:00007007 Third instar larva from the beginning of wandering to the beginning of puparium formation. FBC:DOS A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit (an anatomical structure or an entire organism) over time from an initial condition to a later condition. 2009-10-01T05:56:42Z GO:0032502 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007009 developmental process FBdv:00007009 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit (an anatomical structure or an entire organism) over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GO:0032502 A cycle of nuclear division during the embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. The first 13 cycles are synchronous throughout the embryo and occur their timing relative to other developmental processes is invariant. Later nuclear division cycles are asynchronous across the embryo although may be more locally synchronized. 2009-10-01T05:57:41Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007011 embryonic cycle FBdv:00007011 A cycle of nuclear division during the embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. The first 13 cycles are synchronous throughout the embryo and occur their timing relative to other developmental processes is invariant. Later nuclear division cycles are asynchronous across the embryo although may be more locally synchronized. FlyBase:FBrf0049535 FlyBase:FBrf0089570 A temporal subdivision of a Drosophila life, delimited by major transitions in the circumstances of the organism, such as: fertilization; hatching; pupal ecdysis; eclosion. 2009-10-01T05:59:22Z life cycle stage FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007012 life stage FBdv:00007012 A temporal subdivision of a Drosophila life, delimited by major transitions in the circumstances of the organism, such as: fertilization; hatching; pupal ecdysis; eclosion. FBC:DOS Temporal subdivision of life based on time elapsed since some key developmental transition, such as fertilization, hatching or eclosion. 2010-09-29T12:25:36Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007013 age FBdv:00007013 Temporal subdivision of life based on time elapsed since some key developmental transition, such as fertilization, hatching or eclosion. FBC:DOS Temporal subdivision of adulthood in days post-eclosion. 2010-09-29T12:28:05Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007014 adult age in days FBdv:00007014 Temporal subdivision of adulthood in days post-eclosion. FBC:DOS The first two hours of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 16-18 hours at 25'C after egg laying). 2011-04-26T11:57:15Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007015 Temporal ordering number - 391. Should not be used to stage embryos whose development is at temperatures other than 25'C. embryonic stage 17(i) FBdv:00007015 The first two hours of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 16-18 hours at 25'C after egg laying). FBC:DOS Hours 2-4 of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 18-20 hours at 25'C after egg laying). 2011-04-26T12:00:15Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007016 Temporal ordering number - 392. Should not be used to stage embryos whose development is at temperatures other than 25'C. embryonic stage 17(ii) FBdv:00007016 Hours 2-4 of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 18-20 hours at 25'C after egg laying). FBC:DOS Hours 4-6 of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 20-22 hours at 25'C after egg laying). 2011-04-26T12:01:18Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007017 Temporal ordering number - 393. Should not be used to stage embryos whose development is at temperatures other than 25'C. embryonic stage 17(iii) FBdv:00007017 Hours 4-6 of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 20-22 hours at 25'C after egg laying). FBC:DOS Hours 6-8 (the last two hours) of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 22-24 hours at 25'C after egg laying). 2011-04-26T12:03:14Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007018 Temporal ordering number - 394. Should not be used to stage embryos whose development is at temperatures other than 25'C. embryonic stage 17(iv) FBdv:00007018 Hours 6-8 (the last two hours) of embryonic stage 17 at 25'C. (Approximately 22-24 hours at 25'C after egg laying). FBC:DOS The substage of the wandering third instar larval stage, prior to the beginning of clearance of the gut. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007019 Temporal ordering number - 462. This is commonly assayed by adding 0.5% bromophenol blue to the food and looking for wandering third instar larvae with the same color guts (dark blue) as feeding larvae (Andres and Thummel, 1994). Larvae at this stage are in chromosomal puff stage 1 (Andres and Thummel, 1994). third instar - uncleared gut stage FBdv:00007019 The substage of the wandering third instar larval stage, prior to the beginning of clearance of the gut. FlyBase:FBrf0076598 The substage of the wandering third instar larval stage when the larva has partially cleared its gut contents. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007020 Temporal ordering number - 465. This is commonly assayed by adding 0.5% bromophenol blue to the food and looking for wandering third instar larvae with lighter colored guts (light blue) than feeding larvae (Andres and Thummel, 1994). Larvae at this stage are mainly in chromosomal puff stages 2-7 (Andres and Thummel, 1994). third instar - partially cleared gut stage FBdv:00007020 The substage of the wandering third instar larval stage when the larva has partially cleared its gut contents. FlyBase:FBrf0076598 The substage of the wandering third instar larval stage when the larva has cleared its gut contents. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007021 Temporal ordering number - 467. This is commonly assayed by adding 0.5% bromophenol blue to the food and looking for wandering third instar larvae with guts lacking any blue stain (Andres and Thummel, 1994). Larvae at this stage are mainly in chromosomal puff stages 7-9 and pupate within 1-6 hours (Andres and Thummel, 1994. third instar - cleared gut stage FBdv:00007021 The substage of the wandering third instar larval stage when the larva has cleared its gut contents. FlyBase:FBrf0076598 The execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. GO:0008150 FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007024 biological process FBdv:00007024 The execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. GO:0008150 The developmental stage that lasts from eclosion of the adult from the pupal case until tanning is complete (the end of adult stage A3). 2013-01-08T20:06:59Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007025 Temporal ordering number - 782. immature adult stage FBdv:00007025 The developmental stage that lasts from eclosion of the adult from the pupal case until tanning is complete (the end of adult stage A3). FBC:DOS Life stage from the end of adult stage A3, when tanning is complete, to death. 2013-01-10T13:03:54Z FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007026 mature adult stage FBdv:00007026 Life stage from the end of adult stage A3, when tanning is complete, to death. FBC:DOS The day of eclosion. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00007075 Temporal ordering number - 780. day 0 of adulthood FBdv:00007075 The day of eclosion. FBC:DOS A collective term for stages 9 and 10. FlyBase_development_CV FBdv:00014201 Temporal ordering number - 270. early extended germ band stage FBdv:00014201 A collective term for stages 9 and 10. FBC:DOS Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GO:0007067 Reactome:R-HSA-69278 Wikipedia:Mitosis biological_process mitosis GO:0000278 Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0000278 ; mitotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140014 ; mitotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle. mitotic cell cycle GO:0000278 Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. GOC:mah ISBN:0815316194 Reactome:R-HSA-69278 Cell Cycle, Mitotic The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. biological_process karyokinesis GO:0000280 nuclear division GO:0000280 The division of a cell nucleus into two nuclei, with DNA and other nuclear contents distributed between the daughter nuclei. GOC:mah The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells. GO:0007104 GO:0016288 GO:0033205 Wikipedia:Cytokinesis cell cycle cytokinesis cytokinesis involved in cell cycle biological_process GO:0000910 Note that this term should not be used for direct annotation. When annotating eukaryotic species, mitotic or meiotic cytokinesis should always be specified for manual annotation and for prokaryotic species use 'FtsZ-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0043093' or Cdv-dependent cytokinesis ; GO:0061639. Also, note that cytokinesis does not necessarily result in physical separation and detachment of the two daughter cells from each other. cytokinesis GO:0000910 The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells. GOC:mtg_cell_cycle cytokinesis involved in cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. biological_process GO:0001558 regulation of cell growth GO:0001558 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, extent or direction of cell growth. GOC:go_curators Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time. interpretation of external signals that regulate cell growth regulation of cell growth by detection of exogenous stimulus regulation of cell growth by sensing of exogenous stimulus regulation of growth by exogenous signal regulation of growth by exogenous stimuli regulation of growth by exogenous stimulus regulation of growth by external signal regulation of growth by external stimuli regulation of growth by external stimulus biological_process GO:0001560 regulation of cell growth by extracellular stimulus GO:0001560 Any process in which external signals modulate the frequency, rate or extent of cell growth, the irreversible increase in size of a cell over time. GOC:dph Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. establishment of planar cell polarity biological_process GO:0001736 establishment of planar polarity GO:0001736 Coordinated organization of groups of cells in the plane of an epithelium, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. GOC:dph The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. epithelial polarization biological_process GO:0001738 morphogenesis of a polarized epithelium GO:0001738 The morphogenetic process in which the anatomical structures of a polarized epithelium are generated and organized. A polarized epithelium is an epithelium where the epithelial sheet is oriented with respect to the planar axis. GOC:dph epithelial polarization GOC:dph The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. epithelium morphogenesis biological_process GO:0002009 morphogenesis of an epithelium GO:0002009 The process in which the anatomical structures of epithelia are generated and organized. An epithelium consists of closely packed cells arranged in one or more layers, that covers the outer surfaces of the body or lines any internal cavity or tube. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system biological_process GO:0002376 Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). immune system process GO:0002376 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. biological_process GO:0002682 regulation of immune system process GO:0002682 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of an immune system process. GOC:add The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. biological_process pattern formation GO:0003002 regionalization GO:0003002 The pattern specification process that results in the subdivision of an axis or axes in space to define an area or volume in which specific patterns of cell differentiation will take place or in which cells interpret a specific environment. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete pattern formation GOC:dph A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. puberty biological_process reproductive developmental process GO:0003006 developmental process involved in reproduction GO:0003006 A developmental process in which a progressive change in the state of some part of an organism, germline or somatic, specifically contributes to its ability to form offspring. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete puberty GOC:dph reproductive developmental process GOC:dph GOC:tb A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process biological_process GO:0003008 system process GO:0003008 A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. GOC:mtg_cardio Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GO:0055134 cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process cellular nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0006139 nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process GO:0006139 Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:ai nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. GO:0055132 DNA metabolism cellular DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0006259 DNA metabolic process GO:0006259 Any cellular metabolic process involving deoxyribonucleic acid. This is one of the two main types of nucleic acid, consisting of a long, unbranched macromolecule formed from one, or more commonly, two, strands of linked deoxyribonucleotides. ISBN:0198506732 The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. Reactome:R-HSA-73894 Wikipedia:DNA_repair biological_process GO:0006281 DNA repair GO:0006281 The process of restoring DNA after damage. Genomes are subject to damage by chemical and physical agents in the environment (e.g. UV and ionizing radiations, chemical mutagens, fungal and bacterial toxins, etc.) and by free radicals or alkylating agents endogenously generated in metabolism. DNA is also damaged because of errors during its replication. A variety of different DNA repair pathways have been reported that include direct reversal, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, photoreactivation, bypass, double-strand break repair pathway, and mismatch repair pathway. PMID:11563486 Reactome:R-HSA-73894 DNA Repair Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. biological_process GO:0006282 regulation of DNA repair GO:0006282 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of DNA repair. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 response to stress GO:0006950 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. biological_process GO:0006955 immune response GO:0006955 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. osmotic response osmotic stress response biological_process GO:0006970 response to osmotic stress GO:0006970 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating an increase or decrease in the concentration of solutes outside the organism or cell. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GO:0034984 response to DNA damage stimulus cellular DNA damage response cellular response to DNA damage stimulus response to genotoxic stress biological_process GO:0006974 DNA damage response GO:0006974 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to its DNA from environmental insults or errors during metabolism. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. biological_process GO:0006979 response to oxidative stress GO:0006979 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of oxidative stress, a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of reactive oxygen species, e.g. superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals. GOC:jl PMID:12115731 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GO:1902589 Reactome:R-HSA-1852241 organelle organisation single organism organelle organization biological_process organelle organization and biogenesis single-organism organelle organization GO:0006996 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. organelle organization GO:0006996 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-1852241 Organelle biogenesis and maintenance single organism organelle organization GOC:TermGenie organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:mah The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. Reactome:R-HSA-1640170 Wikipedia:Cell_cycle cell-division cycle biological_process GO:0007049 cell cycle GO:0007049 The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. GOC:go_curators GOC:mtg_cell_cycle Reactome:R-HSA-1640170 Cell Cycle Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. regulation of mitosis biological_process GO:0007088 regulation of mitotic nuclear division GO:0007088 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of mitosis. GOC:go_curators A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. Wikipedia:Mitosis#Endomitosis biological_process endomitosis GO:0007113 Note that this term should not be confused with 'abortive mitotic cell cycle ; GO:0033277'. Although abortive mitosis is sometimes called endomitosis, GO:0033277 refers to a process in which a mitotic spindle forms and chromosome separation begins. endomitotic cell cycle GO:0007113 A mitotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are replicated and sister chromatids separate, but spindle formation, nuclear membrane breakdown and nuclear division do not occur, resulting in an increased number of chromosomes in the cell. GOC:curators GOC:dos GOC:expert_vm The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. GO:0098602 Wikipedia:Cell_adhesion biological_process cell adhesion molecule activity single organism cell adhesion GO:0007155 cell adhesion GO:0007155 The attachment of a cell, either to another cell or to an underlying substrate such as the extracellular matrix, via cell adhesion molecules. GOC:hb GOC:pf Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. biological_process GO:0007164 establishment of tissue polarity GO:0007164 Coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. GOC:jid The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). biological_process GO:0007275 Note that this term was 'developmental process'. multicellular organism development GO:0007275 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. Reactome:R-HSA-2465910 Reactome:R-HSA-68911 mitotic cell cycle modulation mitotic cell cycle regulation modulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle biological_process mitotic cell cycle regulator GO:0007346 regulation of mitotic cell cycle GO:0007346 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progress through the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb Reactome:R-HSA-2465910 MASTL Facilitates Mitotic Progression Reactome:R-HSA-68911 G2 Phase regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. biological_process pattern biosynthesis pattern formation GO:0007389 pattern specification process GO:0007389 Any developmental process that results in the creation of defined areas or spaces within an organism to which cells respond and eventually are instructed to differentiate. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete ISBN:0521436125 Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism. Wikipedia:Sex-determination_system biological_process GO:0007530 sex determination GO:0007530 Any process that establishes and transmits the specification of sexual status of an individual organism. ISBN:0198506732 The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case. Wikipedia:Pupa#Emergence biological_process GO:0007562 eclosion GO:0007562 The emergence of an adult insect from a pupa case. GOC:dgh GOC:dos GOC:mah ISBN:0198600461 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg. biological_process GO:0007563 regulation of eclosion GO:0007563 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the emergence of an insect from a pupa-case or of a larva from an egg. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198600461 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. response to nutrients nutritional response pathway biological_process GO:0007584 response to nutrient GO:0007584 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nutrient stimulus. GOC:go_curators The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Reactome:R-HSA-9709957 Wikipedia:Perception biological_process GO:0007600 sensory perception GO:0007600 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai GOC:dph Reactome:R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. Wikipedia:Visual_perception sense of sight sensory visual perception vision biological_process GO:0007601 visual perception GO:0007601 The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. Reactome:R-HSA-9659379 Wikipedia:Hearing_(sense) hearing perception of sound biological_process GO:0007605 sensory perception of sound GO:0007605 The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-9659379 Sensory processing of sound The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. chemosensory perception biological_process GO:0007606 sensory perception of chemical stimulus GO:0007606 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory chemical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. Wikipedia:Olfaction olfaction scent perception sense of smell smell perception biological_process GO:0007608 sensory perception of smell GO:0007608 The series of events required for an organism to receive an olfactory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Olfaction involves the detection of chemical composition of an organism's ambient medium by chemoreceptors. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GO:0023032 GO:0044708 GO:0044709 Wikipedia:Behavior behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus biological_process single-organism behavior GO:0007610 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). behavior GO:0007610 The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. biological_process GO:0007611 learning or memory GO:0007611 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. GOC:jid PMID:8938125 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. Wikipedia:Learning biological_process GO:0007612 learning GO:0007612 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). Wikipedia:Memory biological_process GO:0007613 memory GO:0007613 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). GOC:curators ISBN:0582227089 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. Wikipedia:Short-term_memory biological_process GO:0007614 short-term memory GO:0007614 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis. biological_process GO:0007615 anesthesia-resistant memory GO:0007615 The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis. PMID:15143285 PMID:17088531 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. Wikipedia:Long-term_memory biological_process GO:0007616 long-term memory GO:0007616 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. ISBN:0582227089 http://hebb.mit.edu/courses/9.03/lecture4.html The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. Wikipedia:Mating_behaviour mating behaviour biological_process GO:0007617 mating behavior GO:0007617 The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:ai GOC:dph The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. biological_process GO:0007618 mating GO:0007618 The pairwise union of individuals for the purpose of sexual reproduction, ultimately resulting in the formation of zygotes. GOC:jl ISBN:0387520546 The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners. courtship behaviour biological_process GO:0007619 courtship behavior GO:0007619 The behavior of an organism for the purpose of attracting sexual partners. GOC:ai GOC:dph The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. biological_process GO:0007620 copulation GO:0007620 The act of sexual union between male and female, involving the transfer of sperm. ISBN:0721662544 The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. rhythmic behavioral response to stimulus rhythmic behaviour rhythmic behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0007622 rhythmic behavior GO:0007622 The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GO:0050895 Reactome:R-HSA-400253 Wikipedia:Circadian_rhythm circadian process biological_process circadian response response to circadian rhythm GO:0007623 circadian rhythm GO:0007623 Any biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators Reactome:R-HSA-400253 Circadian Clock The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites. groom grooming behaviour biological_process GO:0007625 grooming behavior GO:0007625 The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites. GOC:jl GOC:pr The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. behavior via locomotion locomotion in response to stimulus locomotory behavioral response to stimulus locomotory behaviour locomotory behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0007626 locomotory behavior GO:0007626 The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. GOC:dph The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. adult walking behaviour biological_process GO:0007628 adult walking behavior GO:0007628 The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. GOC:jid GOC:pr ISBN:0198606907 The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air. flight behaviour fly biological_process GO:0007629 flight behavior GO:0007629 The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air. GOC:jid ISBN:0198606907 The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus. biological_process GO:0007630 jump response GO:0007630 The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus. GOC:jid ISBN:0198606907 Behavior associated with the intake of food. GO:0044366 GO:0044367 GO:0044368 GO:0044369 GO:0044370 GO:0044371 GO:0044372 Wikipedia:List_of_feeding_behaviours behavioral response to food behavioural response to food feeding behaviour eating feeding from phloem of other organism feeding from plant phloem feeding from tissue of other organism feeding from vascular tissue of another organism feeding from xylem of other organism feeding on or from other organism feeding on plant sap biological_process GO:0007631 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. feeding behavior GO:0007631 Behavior associated with the intake of food. GOC:mah The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. behavioral response to visual stimulus behavioural response to visual stimulus visual behaviour biological_process GO:0007632 visual behavior GO:0007632 The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. GOC:jid GOC:pr The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus. optokinetic behaviour biological_process GO:0007634 optokinetic behavior GO:0007634 The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus. GOC:jid GOC:pr Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. behavioral response to chemical stimulus behavioural response to chemical stimulus chemosensory behaviour biological_process GO:0007635 chemosensory behavior GO:0007635 Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. GOC:go_curators The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus. behavioral response to nutritional stimulus, proboscis extension proboscis extension in response to nutritional stimulus biological_process GO:0007637 proboscis extension reflex GO:0007637 The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a nutritional stimulus. FB:FBrf0044924 GOC:jid The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0016542 male courtship behaviour biological_process GO:0008049 male courtship behavior GO:0008049 The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mtg_sensu GOC:pr The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn. biological_process GO:0008062 eclosion rhythm GO:0008062 The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn. PMID:11715043 A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process GO:0008150 A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation. GO:0044236 GO:0044710 Reactome:R-HSA-1430728 Wikipedia:Metabolism metabolism biological_process GO:0008152 Note that metabolic processes do not include single functions or processes such as protein-protein interactions, protein-nucleic acids, nor receptor-ligand interactions. metabolic process GO:0008152 A cellular process consisting of the biochemical pathways by which a living organism transforms chemical substances. This includes including anabolism (biosynthetic process) and catabolism (catabolic process). Metabolic processes includes the transformation of small molecules, as well macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, protein synthesis and degradation. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0198547684 Reactome:R-HSA-1430728 Metabolism Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). biological_process accidental cell death necrosis GO:0008219 This term should not be used for direct annotation, it is currently kept in GO as a placeholder for describing cell death phenotypes in uPHENO. When information is provided on a programmed cell death mechanism, annotations should be made to the appropriate descendant of 'cell death' (such as, but not limited to, GO:0097300 'programmed necrotic cell death' or GO:0006915 'apoptotic process'). Unintentional cell death, i.e. cell death caused by injury, ageing, or cell phenotypes observed as a result of a pathological mutation in an essential gene should NOT be annotated using GO terms. cell death GO:0008219 Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). GOC:mah GOC:mtg_apoptosis PMID:25236395 Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. adult locomotory behaviour biological_process GO:0008344 See also the biological process term 'locomotory behavior ; GO:0007626'. adult locomotory behavior GO:0008344 Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. GOC:ai Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism. larval locomotory behaviour biological_process GO:0008345 See also the biological process term 'locomotory behavior ; GO:0007626'. larval locomotory behavior GO:0008345 Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism. GOC:ai Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. response to thermal stimulus biological_process GO:0009266 response to temperature stimulus GO:0009266 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. response to electromagnetic radiation stimulus response to radiation stimulus biological_process GO:0009314 Note that 'radiation' refers to electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength. response to radiation GO:0009314 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an electromagnetic radiation stimulus. Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. These components oscillate at right angles to each other and to the direction of propagation. GOC:jl Wikipedia:Electromagnetic_radiation Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. GO:0006951 response to heat shock biological_process GO:0009408 response to heat GO:0009408 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a heat stimulus, a temperature stimulus above the optimal temperature for that organism. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. biological_process freezing tolerance GO:0009409 response to cold GO:0009409 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a cold stimulus, a temperature stimulus below the optimal temperature for that organism. GOC:lr Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. biological_process GO:0009416 response to light stimulus GO:0009416 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a light stimulus, electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths classified as infrared, visible or ultraviolet light. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0582227089 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. energytaxis taxis in response to energy source biological_process GO:0009453 energy taxis GO:0009453 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to physical parameters involved in energy generation, such as light, oxygen, and oxidizable substrates. GOC:jl PMID:11029423 The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process perception of external stimulus GO:0009581 detection of external stimulus GO:0009581 The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process perception of abiotic stimulus GO:0009582 detection of abiotic stimulus GO:0009582 The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of light biological_process perception of light GO:0009583 detection of light stimulus GO:0009583 The series of events in which a light stimulus (in the form of photons) is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. response to environmental stimulus biological_process GO:0009605 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to external stimulus GO:0009605 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GO:0002245 physiological response to wounding biological_process GO:0009611 response to wounding GO:0009611 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating damage to the organism. GOC:go_curators Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. response to abiotic stress biological_process GO:0009628 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to abiotic stimulus GO:0009628 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. response to gravitational stimulus biological_process GO:0009629 response to gravity GO:0009629 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a gravitational stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. Wikipedia:Photoperiodism response to day length response to night length response to photoperiod biological_process GO:0009648 photoperiodism GO:0009648 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of detection of, or exposure to, a period of light or dark of a given length, measured relative to a particular duration known as the 'critical day length'. The critical day length varies between species. GOC:jid GOC:pj ISBN:0582015952 ISBN:0697037754 ISBN:0709408862 The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light. biological_process regulation of circadian rhythm phase GO:0009649 entrainment of circadian clock GO:0009649 The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to environmental time cues such as light. GOC:jid The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. embryogenesis and morphogenesis Wikipedia:Morphogenesis anatomical structure organization morphogenesis biological_process GO:0009653 anatomical structure morphogenesis GO:0009653 The process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Morphogenesis pertains to the creation of form. GOC:go_curators ISBN:0521436125 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GO:0009795 embryogenesis and morphogenesis Reactome:R-HSA-5619507 Wikipedia:Embryogenesis embryogenesis embryonal development biological_process GO:0009790 embryo development GO:0009790 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an embryo from its formation until the end of its embryonic life stage. The end of the embryonic stage is organism-specific. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_sensu Reactome:R-HSA-5619507 Activation of HOX genes during differentiation Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo. embryonic mitotic cell cycle modulation embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulation modulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through embryonic mitotic cell cycle biological_process embryonic mitotic cell cycle regulator GO:0009794 regulation of mitotic cell cycle, embryonic GO:0009794 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of replication and segregation of genetic material in the embryo. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb regulation of embryonic mitotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point. biological_process axis determination GO:0009798 axis specification GO:0009798 The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of a pattern along a line or around a point. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. histogenesis and organogenesis biological_process GO:0009887 animal organ morphogenesis GO:0009887 Morphogenesis of an animal organ. An organ is defined as a tissue or set of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Morphogenesis is the process in which anatomical structures are generated and organized. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dgh GOC:go_curators ISBN:0471245208 ISBN:0721662544 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. histogenesis and organogenesis Wikipedia:Histogenesis histogenesis biological_process GO:0009888 tissue development GO:0009888 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of a tissue over time, from its formation to the mature structure. ISBN:0471245208 The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. dorsal-ventral axis specification dorsoventral axis specification biological_process dorsal/ventral axis determination GO:0009950 dorsal/ventral axis specification GO:0009950 The establishment, maintenance and elaboration of the dorsal/ventral axis. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:tb dorsal-ventral axis specification GOC:mah dorsoventral axis specification GOC:mah dorsal/ventral axis determination GOC:dph The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. dorsal-ventral pattern formation dorsoventral pattern formation dorsal/ventral pattern specification biological_process GO:0009953 dorsal/ventral pattern formation GO:0009953 The regionalization process in which the areas along the dorsal/ventral axis are established that will lead to differences in cell differentiation. The dorsal/ventral axis is defined by a line that runs orthogonal to both the anterior/posterior and left/right axes. The dorsal end is defined by the upper or back side of an organism. The ventral end is defined by the lower or front side of an organism. GOC:dph GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb dorsal-ventral pattern formation GOC:mah dorsoventral pattern formation GOC:mah Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0008151 GO:0044763 GO:0050875 cell physiology cellular physiological process cell growth and/or maintenance biological_process single-organism cellular process GO:0009987 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. cellular process GO:0009987 Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. biological_process GO:0010564 regulation of cell cycle process GO:0010564 Any process that modulates a cellular process that is involved in the progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. GOC:dph GOC:tb A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GO:0044235 GO:0071842 cell organisation cellular component organisation at cellular level cellular component organisation in other organism cellular component organization at cellular level cellular component organization in other organism biological_process cell organization and biogenesis GO:0016043 cellular component organization GO:0016043 A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:ai GOC:jl GOC:mah cellular component organisation at cellular level GOC:mah cellular component organisation in other organism GOC:mah cell organization and biogenesis GOC:mah The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. GO:0048591 cellular growth growth of cell biological_process cell expansion metabolic process resulting in cell growth metabolism resulting in cell growth non-developmental cell growth non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism GO:0016049 cell growth GO:0016049 The process in which a cell irreversibly increases in size over time by accretion and biosynthetic production of matter similar to that already present. GOC:ai non-developmental cell growth GOC:mah non-developmental growth of a unicellular organism GOC:mah The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. Wikipedia:Cell_migration biological_process GO:0016477 cell migration GO:0016477 The controlled self-propelled movement of a cell from one site to a destination guided by molecular cues. GOC:cjm GOC:dph GOC:ems GOC:pf Wikipedia:Cell_migration The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behaviour, veined wing vibration biological_process male courtship behavior, wing vibration male courtship behaviour, wing vibration GO:0016545 male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration GO:0016545 The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:11092827 A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water. GO:0060403 egg laying egg-laying Wikipedia:Oviposition oviposition post-mating oviposition biological_process GO:0018991 egg-laying behavior GO:0018991 A reproductive behavior that results in the deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water. GOC:ems PMID:18050396 PMID:31164023 The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. GO:0033057 GO:0044704 GO:0044705 reproductive behavior in a multicellular organism reproductive behaviour multi-organism reproductive behavior multicellular organism reproductive behavior biological_process single-organism reproductive behavior GO:0019098 reproductive behavior GO:0019098 The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. GOC:jl GOC:pr Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolism biological_process regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0019219 regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process GO:0019219 Any cellular process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. GOC:go_curators regulation of nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GO:0044246 Reactome:R-HSA-1989781 regulation of metabolism regulation of multicellular organismal metabolic process regulation of organismal metabolic process biological_process GO:0019222 regulation of metabolic process GO:0019222 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. GOC:go_curators Reactome:R-HSA-1989781 PPARA activates gene expression regulation of organismal metabolic process GOC:tb A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction biological_process GO:0019953 Note that gametes may come from two organisms or from a single organism in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites, e.g. C. elegans, or self-fertilization in plants. Note also that sexual reproduction may be seen as the regular alternation, in the life cycle of haplontic, diplontic and diplohaplontic organisms, of meiosis and fertilization which provides for the production offspring. In diplontic organisms there is a life cycle in which the products of meiosis behave directly as gametes, fusing to form a zygote from which the diploid, or sexually reproductive polyploid, adult organism will develop. In diplohaplontic organisms a haploid phase (gametophyte) exists in the life cycle between meiosis and fertilization (e.g. higher plants, many algae and Fungi); the products of meiosis are spores that develop as haploid individuals from which haploid gametes develop to form a diploid zygote; diplohaplontic organisms show an alternation of haploid and diploid generations. In haplontic organisms meiosis occurs in the zygote, giving rise to four haploid cells (e.g. many algae and protozoa), only the zygote is diploid and this may form a resistant spore, tiding organisms over hard times. sexual reproduction GO:0019953 A type of reproduction that combines the genetic material of two gametes (such as a sperm or egg cell or fungal spores). The gametes have an haploid genome (with a single set of chromosomes, the product of a meiotic division) and combines with one another to produce a zygote (diploid). Wikipedia:Sexual_reproduction The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. biological_process GO:0022402 cell cycle process GO:0022402 The cellular process that ensures successive accurate and complete genome replication and chromosome segregation. GOC:isa_complete GOC:mtg_cell_cycle A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. reproductive cellular process in multicellular organism biological_process GO:0022412 cellular process involved in reproduction in multicellular organism GO:0022412 A process, occurring at the cellular level, that is involved in the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. GOC:isa_complete A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GO:0044702 Wikipedia:Reproduction biological_process single organism reproductive process GO:0022414 reproductive process GO:0022414 A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. regulation of morphogenesis biological_process GO:0022603 regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis GO:0022603 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of anatomical structure morphogenesis. GOC:mah A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. multicellular organism dormancy process spore dormancy process biological_process GO:0022611 In plants and animals, dormancy may be a response to environmental conditions such as seasonality or extreme heat, drought, or cold. In plants, dormancy may involve the formation of dormant buds, and may be preceded by the senescence of plant parts such as leaves in woody plants or most of the shoot system in herbaceous perennials. The exit from dormancy in vascular plants is marked by resumed growth of buds and/or growth of vascular cambium. dormancy process GO:0022611 A developmental process in which dormancy (sometimes called a dormant state) is induced, maintained or broken. Dormancy is a suspension of most physiological activity and growth that can be reactivated. GOC:PO_curators GOC:isa_complete PO_REF:00009 spore dormancy process GOC:PO_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. biological_process cell adhesion receptor regulator activity GO:0030155 regulation of cell adhesion GO:0030155 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of attachment of a cell to another cell or to the extracellular matrix. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. biological_process GO:0030334 regulation of cell migration GO:0030334 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell migration. GOC:go_curators Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain. Wikipedia:Sleep biological_process diapause dormancy lethargus GO:0030431 sleep GO:0030431 Any process in which an organism enters and maintains a periodic, readily reversible state of reduced awareness and metabolic activity. Usually accompanied by physical relaxation, the onset of sleep in humans and other mammals is marked by a change in the electrical activity of the brain. ISBN:0192800981 Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. adult behavioral response to stimulus adult behaviour adult behavioural response to stimulus biological_process GO:0030534 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. adult behavior GO:0030534 Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. GOC:mah ISBN:0877797099 Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. GO:0017037 larval behaviour biological_process GO:0030537 See also the biological process term 'behavior ; GO:0007610'. larval behavior GO:0030537 Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. GOC:mah ISBN:0877797099 The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). Wikipedia:Regeneration_(biology) biological_process GO:0031099 regeneration GO:0031099 The regrowth of a lost or destroyed body part, such as an organ or tissue. This process may occur via renewal, repair, and/or growth alone (i.e. increase in size or mass). GOC:mah GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. regulation of neurological process regulation of neurological system process regulation of neurophysiological process biological_process GO:0031644 regulation of nervous system process GO:0031644 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a neurophysiological process, an organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the nervous system. GOC:dph GOC:mah GOC:tb regulation of neurological process GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. biological_process GO:0031667 response to nutrient levels GO:0031667 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus reflecting the presence, absence, or concentration of nutrients. GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. locomotion during locomotory behaviour biological_process GO:0031987 locomotion involved in locomotory behavior GO:0031987 Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. biological_process GO:0032101 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to external stimulus GO:0032101 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to an external stimulus. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. biological_process GO:0032107 regulation of response to nutrient levels GO:0032107 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to nutrient levels. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. GO:0071775 regulation of cell cycle cytokinesis biological_process GO:0032465 regulation of cytokinesis GO:0032465 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. GOC:mah Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GO:0044707 GO:0050874 organismal physiological process biological_process single-multicellular organism process GO:0032501 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. multicellular organismal process GO:0032501 Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GO:0044767 development biological_process single-organism developmental process GO:0032502 developmental process GO:0032502 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: an anatomical structure (which may be a subcellular structure, cell, tissue, or organ), or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GOC:isa_complete Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. regulation of organelle organisation biological_process regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GO:0033043 regulation of organelle organization GO:0033043 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle. GOC:mah regulation of organelle organisation GOC:mah regulation of organelle organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). Reactome:R-HSA-2262752 biological_process GO:0033554 cellular response to stress GO:0033554 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-2262752 Cellular responses to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0033555 multicellular organismal response to stress GO:0033555 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell. hatching behaviour biological_process GO:0035187 hatching behavior GO:0035187 The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell. GOC:pr PMID:10436051 The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure. biological_process GO:0035188 hatching GO:0035188 The emergence of an immature organism from a protective structure. GOC:dgh GOC:isa_complete ISBN:0198612001 The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle. circadian mating behaviour circadian mating rhythm biological_process GO:0035648 circadian mating behavior GO:0035648 The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle. GOC:bf GOC:dos PMID:11470898 PMID:17276917 circadian mating behaviour GOC:bf circadian mating rhythm GOC:dos The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GO:0048590 biological_process growth pattern non-developmental growth GO:0040007 See also the biological process term 'cell growth ; GO:0016049'. growth GO:0040007 The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GOC:bf GOC:ma non-developmental growth GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. biological_process GO:0040008 regulation of growth GO:0040008 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the growth of all or part of an organism so that it occurs at its proper speed, either globally or in a specific part of the organism's development. GOC:ems GOC:mah Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. biological_process GO:0040011 locomotion GO:0040011 Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GOC:dgh Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. biological_process GO:0040012 regulation of locomotion GO:0040012 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotion of a cell or organism. GOC:ems Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. regulation of meiosis biological_process GO:0040020 regulation of meiotic nuclear division GO:0040020 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of meiotic nuclear division, the process in which the nucleus of a diploid cell divides twice forming four haploid cells, one or more of which usually function as gametes. GOC:ems GOC:ma regulation of meiosis GOC:vw The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. Wikipedia:Wound_healing biological_process GO:0042060 wound healing GO:0042060 The series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:bf PMID:15269788 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. response to chemical stimulus response to chemical substance biological_process GO:0042221 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to chemical GO:0042221 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GOC:jl response to chemical stimulus GOC:dos The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. biological_process GO:0042246 tissue regeneration GO:0042246 The regrowth of lost or destroyed tissues. GOC:curators The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. Wikipedia:Taxis directed movement in response to stimulus biological_process GO:0042330 taxis GO:0042330 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to an external stimulus. GOC:jl ISBN:0192801023 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. GO:0046953 Wikipedia:Phototaxis phototactic behavior phototactic behaviour taxis in response to light biological_process GO:0042331 phototaxis GO:0042331 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light. GOC:jl ISBN:0192800981 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity. GO:0048062 geotactic behavior geotactic behaviour geotaxis gravitactic behavior gravitactic behaviour taxis in response to gravitational stimulus taxis in response to gravity biological_process GO:0042332 gravitaxis GO:0042332 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to gravity. GOC:jid GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. biological_process GO:0042594 response to starvation GO:0042594 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a starvation stimulus, deprivation of nourishment. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. biological_process GO:0042752 regulation of circadian rhythm GO:0042752 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a circadian rhythm. A circadian rhythm is a biological process in an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:dph GOC:jl GOC:tb The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature. Wikipedia:Thermotaxis taxis in response to temperature stimulus biological_process GO:0043052 thermotaxis GO:0043052 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to a temperature gradient. Movement may be towards either a higher or lower temperature. GOC:cab1 WB_REF:cgc467 The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night). photoentrainment of circadian clock biological_process GO:0043153 entrainment of circadian clock by photoperiod GO:0043153 The synchronization of a circadian rhythm to photoperiod, the intermittent cycle of light (day) and dark (night). GOC:jl photoentrainment of circadian clock PMID:10217146 The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GO:0034960 GO:0043283 GO:0044259 biopolymer metabolic process macromolecule metabolism organismal macromolecule metabolism multicellular organismal macromolecule metabolic process biological_process GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process GO:0043170 The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:mah biopolymer metabolic process GOC:mtg_chebi_dec09 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. biological_process GO:0044057 regulation of system process GO:0044057 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a system process, a multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. GOC:jl The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. Wikipedia:Primary_metabolite primary metabolism biological_process GO:0044238 primary metabolic process GO:0044238 The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. GOC:go_curators A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. biological_process GO:0044703 multi-organism reproductive process GO:0044703 A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. GOC:jl The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song. male courtship behavior, song production male courtship behaviour, song production male courtship behaviour, veined wing generated song production biological_process GO:0045433 male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production GO:0045433 The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song. GOC:mtg_sensu PMID:11092827 The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo. biological_process GO:0045448 mitotic cell cycle, embryonic GO:0045448 The eukaryotic cell cycle in which a cell is duplicated without changing ploidy, occurring in the embryo. GOC:go_curators The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. circadian locomotor activity rhythm biological_process GO:0045475 locomotor rhythm GO:0045475 The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. biological_process GO:0045995 regulation of embryonic development GO:0045995 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of embryonic development. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium. GO:0048042 regulation of oviposition regulation of post-mating oviposition biological_process GO:0046662 regulation of egg-laying behavior GO:0046662 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium. GOC:dph GOC:tb PMID:11932766 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. biological_process GO:0047484 regulation of response to osmotic stress GO:0047484 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the response to osmotic stress. GOC:ai The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity. GO:0048063 negative geotactic behavior negative geotactic behaviour negative gravitactic behavior negative gravitactic behaviour negative taxis in response to gravity negative taxis in response to gravitytaxis in response to gravitational stimulus biological_process GO:0048060 negative gravitaxis GO:0048060 The directed movement of a motile cell or organism away from the source of gravity. GOC:jid The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior, wing extension male courtship behaviour, wing extension male courtship behaviour, veined wing extension biological_process GO:0048065 male courtship behavior, veined wing extension GO:0048065 The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GOC:jid GOC:mtg_sensu Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. GO:0048267 physiological response to pain biological_process GO:0048265 response to pain GO:0048265 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. GOC:jid PMID:10203867 PMID:12723742 PMID:12843304 Wikipedia:Pain The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. biological_process GO:0048285 organelle fission GO:0048285 The creation of two or more organelles by division of one organelle. GOC:jid Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. biological_process rhythm GO:0048511 rhythmic process GO:0048511 Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. GOC:jid The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. circadian rhythm behavior biological_process GO:0048512 circadian behavior GO:0048512 The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. GOC:bf GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Wikipedia:Organogenesis development of an organ organogenesis biological_process GO:0048513 animal organ development GO:0048513 Development of a tissue or tissues that work together to perform a specific function or functions. Development pertains to the process whose specific outcome is the progression of a structure over time, from its formation to the mature structure. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GOC:dph GOC:jid Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. biological_process GO:0048583 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stimulus GO:0048583 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to a stimulus. Response to stimulus is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GOC:jid The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. biological_process GO:0048589 developmental growth GO:0048589 The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell, where the increase in size or mass has the specific outcome of the progression of the organism over time from one condition to another. GOC:go_curators The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. organismal reproductive process Reactome:R-HSA-1474165 reproductive process in a multicellular organism biological_process GO:0048609 multicellular organismal reproductive process GO:0048609 The process, occurring above the cellular level, that is pertinent to the reproductive function of a multicellular organism. This includes the integrated processes at the level of tissues and organs. GOC:dph GOC:jid GOC:tb Reactome:R-HSA-1474165 Reproduction Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. biological_process GO:0048638 regulation of developmental growth GO:0048638 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of developmental growth. GOC:go_curators The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. biological_process GO:0048729 tissue morphogenesis GO:0048729 The process in which the anatomical structures of a tissue are generated and organized. GOC:dph GOC:jid The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. development of an anatomical structure biological_process GO:0048856 anatomical structure development GO:0048856 The biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an anatomical structure from an initial condition to its mature state. This process begins with the formation of the structure and ends with the mature structure, whatever form that may be including its natural destruction. An anatomical structure is any biological entity that occupies space and is distinguished from its surroundings. Anatomical structures can be macroscopic such as a carpel, or microscopic such as an acrosome. GO_REF:0000021 Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. cell locomotion movement of a cell biological_process cell movement GO:0048870 cell motility GO:0048870 Any process involved in the controlled self-propelled movement of a cell that results in translocation of the cell from one place to another. GOC:dgh GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mlg Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. Reactome:R-HSA-198933 biological_process GO:0050776 regulation of immune response GO:0050776 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the immune response, the immunological reaction of an organism to an immunogenic stimulus. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-198933 Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0050791 regulation of physiological process biological_process GO:0050789 regulation of biological process GO:0050789 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GOC:ai GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). biological_process GO:0050793 regulation of developmental process GO:0050793 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of development, the biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of a multicellular organism over time from an initial condition (e.g. a zygote, or a young adult) to a later condition (e.g. a multicellular animal or an aged adult). GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GO:0051244 regulation of cellular physiological process biological_process GO:0050794 regulation of cellular process GO:0050794 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. GOC:go_curators Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. regulation of behaviour biological_process GO:0050795 regulation of behavior GO:0050795 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of whole living organisms (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli. GOC:go_curators GOC:pr An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system. neurological system process neurophysiological process biological_process pan-neural process GO:0050877 nervous system process GO:0050877 An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. biological_process GO:0050879 multicellular organismal movement GO:0050879 Any physiological process involved in changing the position of a multicellular organism or an anatomical part of a multicellular organism. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_muscle GOC:tb The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Wikipedia:Cognition biological_process GO:0050890 cognition GO:0050890 The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. ISBN:0721619908 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus GO:0050896 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology) sensory detection of stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus sensory perception, stimulus detection sensory transduction biological_process GO:0050906 detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception GO:0050906 The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. sensory detection of light during visual perception sensory detection of light stimulus during visual perception sensory transduction of light during visual perception sensory transduction of light stimulus during visual perception visual perception, detection of light stimulus visual perception, sensory transduction during perception of light visual perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus biological_process GO:0050908 detection of light stimulus involved in visual perception GO:0050908 The series of events involved in visual perception in which a light stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. Reactome:R-HSA-9717189 Wikipedia:Taste gustation sense of taste taste taste perception biological_process GO:0050909 sensory perception of taste GO:0050909 The series of events required for an organism to receive a gustatory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Gustation involves the direct detection of chemical composition, usually through contact with chemoreceptor cells. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai Reactome:R-HSA-9717189 Sensory perception of taste The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. biological_process GO:0050953 sensory perception of light stimulus GO:0050953 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory light stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. mechanosensory perception perception of mechanical stimulus biological_process chemi-mechanical coupling GO:0050954 sensory perception of mechanical stimulus GO:0050954 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory mechanical stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. sensory detection of light stimulus sensory detection of light stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of light stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of light stimulus sensory transduction of light stimulus sensory transduction of light stimulus during sensory perception biological_process GO:0050962 detection of light stimulus involved in sensory perception GO:0050962 The series of events in which a light stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal as part of the sensory perception of light. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). Wikipedia:Touch perception of touch tactile sense taction tactition biological_process GO:0050975 sensory perception of touch GO:0050975 The series of events required for an organism to receive a touch stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. The perception of touch in animals is mediated by mechanoreceptors in the skin and mucous membranes and is the sense by which contact with objects gives evidence as to certain of their qualities. Different types of touch can be perceived (for example, light, coarse, pressure and tickling) and the stimulus may be external or internal (e.g. the feeling of a full stomach). GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. regulation of DNA metabolism biological_process GO:0051052 regulation of DNA metabolic process GO:0051052 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving DNA. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. regulation of cellular component organisation biological_process regulation of cell organisation regulation of cell organization regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GO:0051128 regulation of cellular component organization GO:0051128 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a process involved in the formation, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of cell structures, including the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope. GOC:ai regulation of cell organisation GOC:mah regulation of cell organization GOC:mah regulation of cellular component organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. biological_process GO:0051239 regulation of multicellular organismal process GO:0051239 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multicellular organismal process, the processes pertinent to the function of a multicellular organism above the cellular level; includes the integrated processes of tissues and organs. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. Wikipedia:Cell_division biological_process GO:0051301 Note that this term differs from 'cytokinesis ; GO:0000910' in that cytokinesis does not include nuclear division. cell division GO:0051301 The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. GOC:di GOC:go_curators GOC:pr Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. biological_process GO:0051302 regulation of cell division GO:0051302 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. GOC:go_curators Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GO:0007126 Wikipedia:Meiosis biological_process meiosis GO:0051321 Note that this term should not be confused with 'GO:0140013 ; meiotic nuclear division'. 'GO:0051321 ; meiotic cell cycle represents the entire mitotic cell cycle, while 'GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division' specifically represents the actual nuclear division step of the mitotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle GO:0051321 Progression through the phases of the meiotic cell cycle, in which canonically a cell replicates to produce four offspring with half the chromosomal content of the progenitor cell via two nuclear divisions. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. meiotic cell cycle modulation meiotic cell cycle regulation modulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of meiotic cell cycle progression regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle biological_process meiotic cell cycle regulator GO:0051445 regulation of meiotic cell cycle GO:0051445 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of progression through meiotic cell cycle GOC:dph GOC:tb The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. stimulus detection biological_process perception of stimulus stimulus sensing GO:0051606 detection of stimulus GO:0051606 The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:add GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. Reactome:R-HSA-8953897 biological_process GO:0051716 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular response to stimulus GO:0051716 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. GOC:bf GOC:jl Reactome:R-HSA-8953897 Cellular responses to stimuli Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GO:0000074 GO:0007050 GO:0071156 GO:0071157 GO:0071158 GO:0071850 Reactome:R-HSA-156711 Reactome:R-HSA-380972 cell cycle modulation cell cycle regulation control of cell cycle progression modulation of cell cycle progression regulation of cell cycle progression regulation of progression through cell cycle arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression cell cycle arrest mitotic cell cycle arrest negative regulation of cell cycle arrest positive regulation of cell cycle arrest regulation of cell cycle arrest biological_process cell cycle regulator tumor suppressor GO:0051726 regulation of cell cycle GO:0051726 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:tb Reactome:R-HSA-156711 Polo-like kinase mediated events Reactome:R-HSA-380972 Energy dependent regulation of mTOR by LKB1-AMPK arrest of mitotic cell cycle progression GOC:mah Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus. behavioural response to nutrient biological_process GO:0051780 behavioral response to nutrient GO:0051780 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. biological_process GO:0051783 regulation of nuclear division GO:0051783 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. GOC:ai Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. biological_process GO:0051931 regulation of sensory perception GO:0051931 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of sensory perception, the series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. GOC:ai The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation. Wikipedia:Diapause biological_process GO:0055115 entry into diapause GO:0055115 The dormancy process that results in entry into diapause. Diapause is a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of low metabolic activity. Associated characteristics of this form of dormancy include reduced morphogenesis, increased resistance to environmental extremes, and altered or reduced behavioral activity. Full expression develops in a species-specific manner, usually in response to a number of environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions. Once diapause has begun, metabolic activity is suppressed even if conditions favorable for development prevail. Once initiated, only certain stimuli are capable of releasing the organism from this state, and this characteristic is essential in distinguishing diapause from hibernation. GOC:ds GOC:jid GOC:mah The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli. biological_process GO:0055116 entry into reproductive diapause GO:0055116 The dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli. GOC:ds GOC:jid GOC:mah An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. Wikipedia:Reflex biological_process GO:0060004 reflex GO:0060004 An automatic response to a stimulus beginning with a nerve impulse from a receptor and ending with the action of an effector such as a gland or a muscle. Signaling never reaches a level of consciousness. GOC:dph ISBN:0877797099 The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. biological_process GO:0060179 male mating behavior GO:0060179 The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. GOC:dph GOC:pr GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. biological_process GO:0060255 regulation of macromolecule metabolic process GO:0060255 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. regulation of feeding behaviour biological_process GO:0060259 regulation of feeding behavior GO:0060259 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the behavior associated with the intake of food. GOC:BHF GOC:dph GOC:tb regulation of feeding behaviour GOC:dph GOC:tb Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement. biological_process GO:0060361 flight GO:0060361 Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement. GOC:dph Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight. biological_process GO:0060362 flight involved in flight behavior GO:0060362 Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air that is part of the organism's response to external or internal stimuli resulting in flight. GOC:dph The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. biological_process GO:0060429 epithelium development GO:0060429 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of an epithelium over time, from its formation to the mature structure. An epithelium is a tissue that covers the internal or external surfaces of an anatomical structure. GOC:dph GOC:mtg_lung The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. differential growth biological_process GO:0060560 developmental growth involved in morphogenesis GO:0060560 The increase in size or mass of an anatomical structure that contributes to the structure attaining its shape. GOC:dph differential growth GOC:dph A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GO:0016044 GO:0044802 Reactome:R-HSA-199991 cellular membrane organisation cellular membrane organization membrane organisation biological_process membrane organization and biogenesis single-organism membrane organization GO:0061024 membrane organization GO:0061024 A process which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a membrane. A membrane is a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins. GOC:dph GOC:tb Reactome:R-HSA-199991 Membrane Trafficking membrane organisation GOC:mah membrane organization and biogenesis GOC:mah Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. biological_process GO:0061041 regulation of wound healing GO:0061041 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency, or extent of the series of events that restore integrity to a damaged tissue, following an injury. GOC:BHF GOC:dph Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli. biological_process GO:0061963 regulation of entry into reproductive diapause GO:0061963 Any process that modulates the rate or extent of the dormancy process that results in entry into reproductive diapause. Reproductive diapause is a form of diapause where the organism itself will remain fully active, including feeding and other routine activities, but the reproductive organs experience a tissue-specific reduction in metabolism, with characteristic triggering and releasing stimuli. GOC:ha PMID:27689881 Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological_process GO:0065007 biological regulation GO:0065007 Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case. biological_process GO:0071684 organism emergence from protective structure GO:0071684 The developmental process in which an organism emerges from a surrounding protective structure such as an egg or pupa case. GOC:mah A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GO:0071841 cellular component organisation or biogenesis cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level cellular component organization or biogenesis at cellular level biological_process GO:0071840 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. cellular component organization or biogenesis GO:0071840 A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis GOC:mah cellular component organisation or biogenesis at cellular level GOC:mah The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). middle-term memory MTM biological_process GO:0072375 medium-term memory GO:0072375 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). GOC:sart PMID:14659098 PMID:7923375 middle-term memory GOC:sart MTM GOC:sart Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. biological_process GO:0080090 regulation of primary metabolic process GO:0080090 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. PMID:19211694 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0080134 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. regulation of response to stress GO:0080134 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to stress. Response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0080135 regulation of cellular response to stress GO:0080135 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular response to stress. Cellular response to stress is a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:dhl A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes. membrane scission biological_process GO:0090148 membrane fission GO:0090148 A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the separation of a single continuous membrane into two membranes. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. biological_process GO:0090175 regulation of establishment of planar polarity GO:0090175 Any process that modulates the rate, frequency or extent of the establishment of planar polarity, the coordinated organization of groups of cells in a tissue, such that they all orient to similar coordinates. GOC:ascb_2009 GOC:dph GOC:tb Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. biological_process GO:0090304 This term should not be used for direct annotation. It should be possible to make a more specific annotation to one of the children of this term. nucleic acid metabolic process GO:0090304 Any cellular metabolic process involving nucleic acids. GOC:dph GOC:tb Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. biological_process GO:0090325 regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior GO:0090325 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate, or extent of the self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another in a behavioral context; the aspect of locomotory behavior having to do with movement. GOC:dph GOC:kmv GOC:tb The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. locomotor gait pattern biological_process GO:0090659 walking behavior GO:0090659 The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. GOC:tb One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. meiosis biological_process GO:0140013 meiotic nuclear division GO:0140013 One of the two nuclear divisions that occur as part of the meiotic cell cycle. PMID:9334324 A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. mitosis biological_process GO:0140014 mitotic nuclear division GO:0140014 A mitotic cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. ISBN:0198547684 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. biological_process GO:1902435 regulation of male mating behavior GO:1902435 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of male mating behavior. GOC:TermGenie PMID:24089208 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. biological_process GO:1902882 regulation of response to oxidative stress GO:1902882 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to oxidative stress. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16899554 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. regulation of physiological response to wounding biological_process GO:1903034 regulation of response to wounding GO:1903034 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of response to wounding. GOC:TermGenie GOC:kmv GO_REF:0000058 PMID:19164535 regulation of physiological response to wounding GOC:TermGenie A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:1903046 meiotic cell cycle process GO:1903046 A process that is part of the meiotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. biological_process GO:1903047 mitotic cell cycle process GO:1903047 A process that is part of the mitotic cell cycle. GOC:TermGenie GOC:mtg_cell_cycle GO_REF:0000060 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm biological_process GO:1904059 regulation of locomotor rhythm GO:1904059 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of locomotor rhythm. GOC:TermGenie GO_REF:0000058 PMID:16310969 regulation of circadian locomotor activity rhythm GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. regulation of epithelium morphogenesis biological_process GO:1905330 An example of this is MMRN2 in human (Q9H8L6) in PMID:25745997 (inferred from direct assay). regulation of morphogenesis of an epithelium GO:1905330 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of morphogenesis of an epithelium. GOC:TermGenie GOC:bhm GO_REF:0000058 PMID:25745997 regulation of epithelium morphogenesis GOC:TermGenie Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. biological_process GO:2000026 regulation of multicellular organismal development GO:2000026 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of multicellular organismal development. GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. biological_process regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis GO:2000027 regulation of animal organ morphogenesis GO:2000027 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of animal organ morphogenesis. GOC:obol regulation of histogenesis and organogenesis GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. Reactome:R-HSA-6785631 regulation of cell locomotion regulation of movement of a cell biological_process regulation of cell movement GO:2000145 regulation of cell motility GO:2000145 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cell motility. GOC:mah Reactome:R-HSA-6785631 ERBB2 Regulates Cell Motility regulation of cell locomotion GOC:obol regulation of movement of a cell GOC:obol regulation of cell movement GOC:obol Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. biological_process GO:2000241 regulation of reproductive process GO:2000241 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. GOC:mah Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior. regulation of grooming behaviour biological_process GO:2000821 regulation of grooming behavior GO:2000821 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of grooming behavior. GOC:BHF regulation of grooming behaviour GOC:obol NBO:0000002 behavior_ontology whole body movement NBO:0000013 Movement from place to place of an organism." [GO:0007626] locomotion behavior_ontology locomotory behavior NBO:0000016 "Behavior relate to the usually upward movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs." [GO:0007630] jump behavior_ontology jumping behavior NBO:0000308 NBO:0000454 behavior involving perception perception behavior behavior_ontology Example: moving head to watch passing object. sensation behavior NBO:0000313 "The action, reaction, or performance of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:GO\:0007610] NBO:0000000 behavior behaviour behavior_ontology behavior process NBO:0000314 "Behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism in response to a visual stimulus." [GO:0007632] behavioral response to visual stimulus behavioural response to visual stimulus visual behaviour behavior_ontology visual behavior NBO:0000316 "Behavior related to the actions or reactions of an organism in response to a sound." [GO:0031223] hearing behaviour behavior_ontology auditory behavior NBO:0000317 proprioception behavior_ontology vestibular behavior NBO:0000327 behavior_ontology Sensations arising from the internal organs (the viscera), such as pain or the sense of fullness of the stomach or bladder, may therefore be included, although they are usually considered separately as visceral sensations. Pain arising from the viscera is often felt as though it comes from some part of the body surface or underlying tissue. somatic sensation related behavior NBO:0000330 behavior_ontology cutaneous sensation behavior NBO:0000332 behavior_ontology touch related behavior NBO:0000338 "Movement behavior of the body or its parts." behavior_ontology kinesthetic behavior NBO:0000339 "The coordination of combinations of body movements created with the kinematic (such as spatial direction) and kinetic (force) parameters that result in intended actions." [wikipedia:Motor_coordination] NBO:0000340 behavior_ontology motor coordination NBO:0000359 behavior_ontology terrestrial locomotory behavior NBO:0000607 behavior_ontology cognitive behavior NBO:0000751 behavior_ontology perception behavior by means NBO:0001786 "Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of behavior, the specific actions or reactions of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli." [GO:0050795] regulation of behavior OBI:0100026 A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATO:0000072 quality PATO:0000001 quality PATO:0000001 A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities PATOC:GVG A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATO:0000020 colour relative color quality PATO:0000014 color PATO:0000014 A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. PATOC:GVG A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATO:0002015 composed of compositionality content structure, composition quality PATO:0000025 For example calcium composition (which may inhere in bone), haemoglobin composition (which may inhere in blood). composition PATO:0000025 A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced quality impenetrability toughness PATO:0000048 hardness PATO:0000048 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced merriam-webster:merriam-webster A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology PATO:0000051 A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATO:0001647 relational shape quality quality PATO:0000052 Shapes are invariant on size transformations. Shapes can be subdivided into 2D and 3D shapes, We can also make a distinction between shapes of complete self-connected objects, and shapes of parts of objects. shape PATO:0000052 A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth. quality nutritional quality PATO:0000056 trophic quality PATO:0000056 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_level A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATO:0000156 PATO:0000158 temporal incidence quality PATO:0000057 occurrence PATO:0000057 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATOC:GVG A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. quality PATO:0000068 TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative PATO:0000068 A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&p=3608639 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. quality PATO:0000069 deviation (from_normal) PATO:0000069 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATO:0000053 PATO:0000071 PATO:0001169 PATO:0001226 presence or absence in organism quantitative quality count in organism number presence PATO:0000070 This term was originally named "presence". It has been renamed to reduce ambiguity. Consider annotating with the reciprocal relation,PATO:0001555, has_number_of. For example, rather than E=fin ray Q=count in organism C=10, say E=organism Q=has number of E2= fin ray C=10. amount PATO:0000070 The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. quality PATO:0000117 size PATO:0000117 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. WordNet:WordNet A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. quality PATO:0000125 For any biological use of PATO, the concept that should be used is 'mass' and not 'weight'. For example, increased weight of an organism. mass PATO:0000125 A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATO:0001032 PATO:0001631 location placement relational spatial quality quality PATO:0000140 position PATO:0000140 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure PATO:0000141 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. quality PATO:0000146 temperature PATO:0000146 A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. PATOC:GVG A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. quality PATO:0000150 texture PATO:0000150 A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. quality PATO:0000161 rate PATO:0000161 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. quality PATO:0000169 viability PATO:0000169 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. PATOC:GVG A reproductive quality inhering in an organism or population by virtue of the bearer's potential reproductive capacity ad measured by the number of gametes. quality PATO:0000273 fecundity PATO:0000273 A reproductive quality inhering in an organism or population by virtue of the bearer's potential reproductive capacity ad measured by the number of gametes. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecundity A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality PATO:0000274 fertility PATO:0000274 A reproductive quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality inhering in a female by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. quality PATO:0000277 female fertility PATO:0000277 A fertility quality inhering in a female by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality of inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. quality PATO:0000279 male fertility PATO:0000279 A fertility quality of inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. PATOC:GVG A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. quality firm impenetrable tough PATO:0000386 hard PATO:0000386 A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. PATOC:GVG A hardness quality of giving little resistance to pressure. quality PATO:0000387 soft PATO:0000387 A hardness quality of giving little resistance to pressure. PATOC:GVG A nutritional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth. quality PATO:0000422 auxotrophic PATO:0000422 A nutritional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability to synthesize a particular organic compound required for its growth. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxotrophic A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. quality aberrant atypia atypical defective PATO:0000460 abnormal PATO:0000460 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. quality average PATO:0000461 normal PATO:0000461 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality denoting the lack of an entity. PATO:0001996 absence absent from organism quality PATO:0000462 We recommend using the new absent terms (physical absence, absent anatomical entity, or absent process) instead of this class. This is a legacy term and will ultimately be obsoleted. See https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/331. absent PATO:0000462 A quality denoting the lack of an entity. thefreedictionary.:thefreedictionary. A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. quality present in organism PATO:0000467 present PATO:0000467 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. PATOC:GVG An amount which is relatively high. PATO:0000420 PATO:0000650 increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary quality accessory increased PATO:0000470 increased amount PATO:0000470 An amount which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively high. PATO:0001202 quality big enlarged expanded great large PATO:0000586 increased size PATO:0000586 A size quality which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped quality reduced small tiny PATO:0000587 decreased size PATO:0000587 A size quality which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting an increased number of cells, typically associated with an increase in size. PATO:0000943 hyperplasia quality overdeveloped PATO:0000644 hyperplastic PATO:0000644 A physical quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting an increased number of cells, typically associated with an increase in size. Wikipedia:Hyperplasia A physical quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a decreased number of cells, typically associated with a decrease in size. PATO:0000942 hypoplasia quality underdeveloped PATO:0000645 hypoplastic PATO:0000645 A physical quality inhering in an organ or tissue by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a decreased number of cells, typically associated with a decrease in size. PATOC:GVG Wikipedia:Hypoplasia A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. PATO:0000429 uninterrupted quality PATO:0000689 continuous PATO:0000689 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of the bearer's long term survival inability. quality PATO:0000718 lethal (sensu genetics) PATO:0000718 A viability quality inhering in a population by virtue of the bearer's long term survival inability. PATOC:GVG A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability to survive or the long term survival ability of a given population. quality PATO:0000719 viable PATO:0000719 A viability quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's ability to survive or the long term survival ability of a given population. PATOC:GVG A female fertility quality inhering in a female by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. quality PATO:0000888 female fertile PATO:0000888 A female fertility quality inhering in a female by virtue of the bearer's disposition to initiate, sustain, or support reproduction. PATOC:GVG A male fertility quality inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality male infertile PATO:0000890 male sterile PATO:0000890 A male fertility quality inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A male fertility quality inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality PATO:0000891 male fertile PATO:0000891 A male fertility quality inhering in a male by virtue of the bearer's being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A female fertility quality inhering in a female by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality female infertile PATO:0000892 female sterile PATO:0000892 A female fertility quality inhering in a female by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A rate which is relatively low. slow rate quality PATO:0000911 decreased rate PATO:0000911 A rate which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate quality PATO:0000912 increased rate PATO:0000912 A rate which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality PATO:0000955 fertile PATO:0000955 A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. quality PATO:0000956 sterile PATO:0000956 A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction. PATOC:GVG An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. quality PATO:0000957 opacity PATO:0000957 An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. PATOC:GVG A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent quality clouding cloudy PATO:0000963 opaque PATO:0000963 A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. PATOC:GVG A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. quality PATO:0000973 porosity PATO:0000973 A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. PATOC:GVG A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. quality PATO:0000984 porous PATO:0000984 A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. PATOC:GVG A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. quality PATO:0000992 viscosity PATO:0000992 A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. PATOC:GVG A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. quality PATO:0000998 viscous PATO:0000998 A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. PATOC:GVG A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATO:0002079 Wikipedia:Physical_property relational physical quality quality PATO:0001018 physical quality PATO:0001018 A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to resist to a stimulus. resistance quality PATO:0001046 resistance to PATO:0001046 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to resist to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to a stimulus. resistant quality PATO:0001178 resistant to PATO:0001178 A resistance quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to a stimulus. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent quality PATO:0001236 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality PATO:0001236 A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality PATO:0001241 A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. quality PATO:0001300 optical quality PATO:0001300 An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. PATOC:GVG A temperature which is relatively high. PATO:0000678 high temperature hot quality PATO:0001305 increased temperature PATO:0001305 A temperature which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A temperature which is relatively low. PATO:0000677 cold low temperature quality PATO:0001306 decreased temperature PATO:0001306 A temperature which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. quality PATO:0001411 structured PATO:0001411 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. PATOC:GVG An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. quality PATO:0001434 reproductive quality PATO:0001434 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to produce new life or offspring. WordNet:WordNet A position which is relatively high. quality high position PATO:0001475 increased position PATO:0001475 A position which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A positional which is relatively low. quality low position PATO:0001476 decreased position PATO:0001476 A positional which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together. PATO:0001840 compact compressed squashed quality dense PATO:0001485 condensed PATO:0001485 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together. PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. quality PATO:0001543 flexibility PATO:0001543 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff quality stiffness PATO:0001545 inflexible PATO:0001545 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. merriam-webster:merriam-webster A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality PATO:0001546 quality of a solid PATO:0001546 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/soliddefinition.htm A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality PATO:0001547 quality of a gas PATO:0001547 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. Chemistry:http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/gasdefinition.htm PATOC:GVG A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality PATO:0001548 quality of a liquid PATO:0001548 A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. url:http://www.chemistry-dictionary.com/definition/liquid.php The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. OBO_REL:has_part extra or missing physical or functional parts has or lacks parts of type mereological quality number of quality cardinality number PATO:0001555 has number of PATO:0001555 The number of parts of a particular type that the bearer entity has. This is a relational quality, and thus holds between two entities: the bearer of the quality, and the type of parts. PATOC:CJM A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. quality PATO:0001558 lacking processual parts PATO:0001558 A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a processual part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:GVG A mass which is lower than normal or average. PATO:0000579 low mass small mass quality PATO:0001562 decreased mass PATO:0001562 A mass which is lower than normal or average. PATO:GVG A mass which is higher than normal or average. PATO:0000578 high mass large mass quality PATO:0001563 increased mass PATO:0001563 A mass which is higher than normal or average. PATO:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. quality PATO:0001564 extra or missing processual parts PATO:0001564 A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processual parts. PATOC:GVG A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a part or parts of the bearer's being decreased in size due to reduction in tissue mass through wasting. atrophic quality PATO:0001623 atrophied PATO:0001623 A size quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of a part or parts of the bearer's being decreased in size due to reduction in tissue mass through wasting. Wiikipedia:Wasting Wikipedia:Atrophy A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively high. high resistance to increased resistance quality PATO:0001650 increased resistance to PATO:0001650 A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively low. decreased resistance low resistance to quality PATO:0001651 decreased resistance to PATO:0001651 A resistance to a stimulus which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity quality PATO:0001693 increased viscosity PATO:0001693 A viscosity which relatively high. PATOC:GVG A viscosity which relatively low. low viscosity quality PATO:0001694 decreased viscosity PATO:0001694 A viscosity which relatively low. PATOC:GVG A fecundity which is relatively high. high fecundity quality PATO:0001695 increased fecundity PATO:0001695 A fecundity which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A fecundity which is relatively low. low fecundity quality PATO:0001696 decreased fecundity PATO:0001696 A fecundity which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. quality PATO:0001759 granular PATO:0001759 A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com quality PATO:0001760 female semi-fertile PATO:0001760 quality PATO:0001761 male semi-fertile PATO:0001761 quality PATO:0001762 male semi-sterile PATO:0001762 quality PATO:0001763 female semi-sterile PATO:0001763 quality PATO:0001767 semi-fertile PATO:0001767 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's location of features or characteristics along an axis. quality cellular polarity PATO:0001769 positional polarity PATO:0001769 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's location of features or characteristics along an axis. PATOC:MAH cellular polarity PATOC:MAH A female fertility which is relatively low. low female fertility quality PATO:0001830 decreased female fertility PATO:0001830 A female fertility which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A female fertility which is relatively high. high female fertility quality PATO:0001831 increased female fertility PATO:0001831 A female fertility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A male fertility which is relatively high. high male fertility quality PATO:0001832 increased male fertility PATO:0001832 A male fertility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A male fertility which is relatively low. low male fertility quality PATO:0001833 decreased male fertility PATO:0001833 A male fertility which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A fertility which is relatively low. low fertility quality PATO:0001834 decreased fertility PATO:0001834 A fertility which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A fertility which is relatively high. high fertility quality PATO:0001835 increased fertility PATO:0001835 A fertility which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to make its offspring sterile. quality grandchildless PATO:0001862 lack of fertility in offspring PATO:0001862 A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to make its offspring sterile. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. quality PATO:0001985 frozen PATO:0001985 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. OBI:OBI An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. quality PATO:0001992 cellularity PATO:0001992 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting cells. PATOC:GVG A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. quality PATO:0001993 multicellular PATO:0001993 A cellularity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's consisting of more than one cell. PATOC:GVG A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. quality PATO:0001995 organismal quality PATO:0001995 A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. PATOC:CJM An amount which is relatively low. PATO:0000419 PATO:0000468 decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism quality decreased reduced subnumerary PATO:0001997 decreased amount PATO:0001997 An amount which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. loss of quality PATO:0001999 lacks parts or has fewer parts of type PATO:0001999 The bearer of this quality has_part < n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. This case includes the limit case, where the bearer lacks all parts of the specified type. PATOC:CJM A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATO:0001557 OBO_REL:lacks_part lacks all physical parts of type quality PATO:0002000 Example: [E=organism Q=lacks_all_parts_of_type E2=Wing] - applies to an organism. A relational quality in which the bearer entity has no parts of the specified type. The bearer of this quality has_part = 0 of the indicated entity type, where a comparable organism usually has at least 1 part of the same type. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e lacks all parts of type X at time t, then there exists no instances x of X at t such that x part_of e that has no wings, where wings are normally present in that organism type. In OWL this is equivalent to a restriction on the OBO_REL:has_part relation with cardinality=0, i.e has_part 0 E2. lacks all parts of type PATO:0002000 A quality of physical entities inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking a physical part as specified by the additional entity. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATO:0001569 decreased number of has decreased number of has fewer physical parts of type quality PATO:0002001 Example: [E=hand Q=has_fewer_parts_of_type E2=digit] - applies to an organism that has no less fingers than is normal for organisms of that type. has fewer parts of type PATO:0002001 The bearer of this quality has_part < n AND has_part > 0 of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. Formally: If a bearer entity e has fewer parts of type X at time t, then the number of instances x of X at t such that x part_of e is < n, where n is either the normal number for comparable entities, or n is stated explicitly. PATOC:CJM The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATO:0001560 has extra parts of has increased number of having extra physical parts having supernumerary physical parts increased number of quality PATO:0002002 In polydactyly, the bearer of the quality is the hand, and the entity type being counted is 'finger'. In EQ syntax, E=hand, Q=<this> E2=finger. has extra parts of type PATO:0002002 The bearer of this quality has_part > n of the indicated entity type, where n is the normal amount for a comparable organism. Note that the bearer of the quality is the whole, not the part. PATOC:CJM A structural quality which is held by a bearer when the latter's disposition the presence of abnormally proliferating masses of cells. tumorous quality PATO:0002011 neoplastic PATO:0002011 A structural quality which is held by a bearer when the latter's disposition the presence of abnormally proliferating masses of cells. PATOC:MAH An occurrence which is relatively high. increased incidence quality PATO:0002051 increased occurrence PATO:0002051 An occurrence which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG An occurrence which is relatively low. decreased incidence quality PATO:0002052 decreased occurrence PATO:0002052 An occurrence which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG quality PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process PATO:0002062 Having extra or fewer parts. quality PATO:0002083 altered number of PATO:0002083 Having extra or fewer parts. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. quality PATO:0002124 laminar PATO:0002124 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. PATOC:GVG A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. quality PATO:0002181 displaced PATO:0002181 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality PATO:0002198 quality of a substance PATO:0002198 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. PATOC:GVG A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking of substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. quality PATO:0002247 degree of pigmentation PATO:0002247 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or lacking of substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pigment A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. quality PATO:0002266 3-D shape PATO:0002266 A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. PATOC:OREGON Decreased size or absence of organ, tissue or cell due to a reduction in cell numbers. aplasia/hypoplasia quality PATO:0002290 aplastic/hypoplastic PATO:0002290 Decreased size or absence of organ, tissue or cell due to a reduction in cell numbers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-0597 A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. quality PATO:0002300 increased quality PATO:0002300 A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. quality PATO:0002301 decreased quality PATO:0002301 A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. quality PATO:0002302 decreased process quality PATO:0002302 A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. quality PATO:0002303 decreased object quality PATO:0002303 A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. quality PATO:0002304 increased process quality PATO:0002304 A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. quality PATO:0002305 increased object quality PATO:0002305 A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. quality PATO:0002323 temporal distribution quality PATO:0002323 A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. PATOC:LC A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of a single, maximally connected structure. quality PATO:0010000 What counts as maximally connected may be relative to some specification of granularity. maximally connected PATO:0010000 A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of a single, maximally connected structure. GOC:dos A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. quality PATO:0010001 disconnected PATO:0010001 A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. GOC:dos The ability of a process to produce its output. quality PATO:0015002 process efficacy PATO:0015002 The ability of a process to produce its output. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 A decrease in the ability of a process to produce its output. quality PATO:0015003 decreased efficacy PATO:0015003 A decrease in the ability of a process to produce its output. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 A increase in the ability of a process to produce its output. quality PATO:0015004 increased efficacy PATO:0015004 A increase in the ability of a process to produce its output. PATOC:PortlandMeetingFeb2015 An increase in porosity. quality PATO:0015024 increased porosity PATO:0015024 An increase in porosity. https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/110 An decrease in porosity. quality PATO:0015025 decreased porosity PATO:0015025 An decrease in porosity. https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/110 The rate of output of a continuous process. Example include: growth rate, cell migration rate, enzyme reaction rate. quality PATO:0050001 rate of continuous process PATO:0050001 The rate of output of a continuous process. Example include: growth rate, cell migration rate, enzyme reaction rate. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-9018 A rate of output of a continuous process that is relatively high. quality PATO:0055005 increased rate of continuous process PATO:0055005 A rate of output of a continuous process that is relatively high. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606 A rate of output of a continuous process that is relatively low. quality PATO:0055006 decreased rate of continuous process PATO:0055006 A rate of output of a continuous process that is relatively low. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606 A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality PATO:0070060 quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation PATO:0070060 A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-7263 A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value. quality PATO:0103000 quantitative PATO:0103000 A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value. https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&p=3608639 https://www.nnlm.gov/guides/data-glossary/quantitative-data 2 PCO:0000000 A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. May be of the same or different species. collection of organisms PCO:0000001 A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. population of organisms PCO:0000002 A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. ecological community PCO:0000018 A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. single-species collection of organisms 2 PCO:0000029 A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. multi-species collection of organisms PCO:0000031 A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity 2 PCO:0001000 A collection of organisms that consists of exactly two organism, viruses, or viroids that are interacting with each other. pair of interacting organisms RO:0002577 A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. system SNOMED:248280005 aging owl:Thing Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1310 Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Australasia Ecoregion Southern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1309 Tirari-Sturt Stony Desert Ecoregion Eastern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1308 Simpson Desert Region Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1307 Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion Western coast of Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1301 Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion Central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1302 Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion Western central Australia WWF:AA1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1303 Gibson Desert Ecoregion Northwestern Australia WWF:AA1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1304 The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1305 Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1306 Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Afrotropical Ecoregion Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa WWF:AT1322 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1322 Succulent Karoo Ecoregion WWF:AT1321 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion WWF:AT1320 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion WWF:AT1319 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319 Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion WWF:AT1318 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1318 Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion WWF:AT1317 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317 Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion WWF:AT1316 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316 Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion Africa: Namibia Ecoregion WWF:AT1315 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315 Namib Desert Ecoregion WWF:AT1314 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314 Nama Karoo Ecoregion WWF:AT1313 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313 Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion WWF:AT1312 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312 Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion WWF:AT1311 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311 Madagascar spiny desert ecoregion Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion WWF:AT1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310 Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion WWF:AT1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion WWF:AT1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308 Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion Eastern Africa: Somalia WWF:AT1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1307 Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion WWF:AT1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306 Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion WWF:AT1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305 Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion WWF:AT1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304 Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion WWF:AT1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303 North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion WWF:AT1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302 Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion WWF:AT1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301 Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion Indo-Malay Ecoregion WWF:IM1304 Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan Thar Desert WWF:IM1303 Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. Arctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. Antarctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. Stellar radiation emitted from Sol. Solar radiation An ecoregion in the Eastern Cape of South Africa with vegetation characterized by sclerophyllous and succulent shrubs. Albany Thicket ecoregion An ecoregion in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa containing vegetation of the mediterranean shrubland biome [ENVO:01000217] occurring below 300 m. Lowland Fynbos and Renosterveld ecoregion An ecoregion in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa containing vegetation of the mediterranean shrubland biome [ENVO:01000217] occurring above 300 m. Montane Fynbos and Renosterveld ecoregion An ecoregion in the montane grassland biome [ENVO:01001808] in the Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa above 2500 m. Drakensberg Alti-Montane Grassland and Woodland ecoregion An ecoregion in the montane grassland biome [ENVO:01001808] in the Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa between 1800 and 2500 m. Drakensberg Montane Grassland, Woodland, and Forest ecoregion An ecoregion in the montane grassland biome [ENVO:01001808] in the interior plateau of southern Africa between 1400 and 1800 m. Highveld Grassland ecoregion 2025-05-30 a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has part b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in A relation between a developmental stage and another, larger developmental stage during which it happens. relationship FBdv:00018001 Creating this relation as a temporary fix, pending adding the axiom occurrent_part_of subproperty of happens_during to RO. substage of A relation between a developmental stage and another, larger developmental stage during which it happens. FBC:DPG a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of Inverse of characteristic_of has characteristic a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates in a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has quality a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y overlaps w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. has component inverse of develops from develops into p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. regulates A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. capable of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x surrounded by x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. adjacent to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. has input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. has output y expresses x if and only if there is a gene expression process (GO:0010467) that occurs in y, and one of the following holds: (i) x is a gene, and x is transcribed into a transcript as part of the gene expression process (ii) x is a transcript, and x was transcribed from a gene as part of the gene expression process (iii) x is a mature gene product (protein or RNA), and x was translated or otherwise processed from a transcript that was transcribed as part of the gene expression process. expresses results in formation of anatomical entity has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. has member inverse of has output output of formed as result of x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. composed primarily of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. determined by Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent A relationship that holds between two entities, where the entities exhibit a statistical dependence relationship. The entities may be statistical variables, or they may be other kinds of entities such as diseases, chemical entities or processes. correlated with q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased in magnitude relative to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. There are frequently two ways to state the same thing: we can say 'spermatocyte lacks asters' or 'asters absent from spermatocyte'. In this case the quality is 'lacking all parts of type' - it is a (relational) quality of the spermatocyte, and it is with respect to instances of 'aster'. One of the popular requirements of PATO is that it continue to support 'absent', so we need to relate statements which use this quality to the 'lacking all parts of type' quality. reciprocal of q1 reciprocal_of q2 if and only if : q1 and q2 are relational qualities and a phenotype e q1 e2 mutually implies a phenotype e2 q2 e. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2041-1480-4-30 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1373-1705 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5948-3092 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0027-0858 An ontology for the description of Drosophila melanogaster phenotypes. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Drosophila Phenotype Ontology (DPO) 30:05:2025 09:45 FlyBase miscellaneous CV 2025-05-30 in_response_to subset_oio