Zhenyu Zhang 01/06/2022 This ontology is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA International 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/license/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Dementia-Related Emotional And Mood Disturbance Non-Pharmacological Treatment Ontology (DREAMDNPTO) This ontology represents the domain knowledge specific to non-pharmacological treatment of emotional and mood disturbances (including depression, apathy, anxiety, and euphoria in dementia) in people with dementia living in the long-term care setting. v1.0 This version contains all concepts and their relationships extracted from selected articles; contains classes adopted from psychotic symptom ontoloyg; has passed the reasoner and OOPS! evaluation; contains concepts from 1000 health records of people with dementia; and additional 100 health records for assessing the concept(term) saturation; contains concepts from domain experts. It has passed the domain expert evaluation. http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator Creator A person primarily responsible for making the resource. http://purl.org/dc/terms/date Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource. http://purl.org/dc/terms/license License A legal document giving official permission to do something with the resource. http://purl.org/dc/terms/source Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived. http://purl.org/dc/terms/title Title A name given to the resource. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C42610 Abbreviation A shortened form of a word or phrase. From U.S. National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute Thesaurus. Xref http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C43621 Cross Reference A notation or direction at one place to pertinent information at another place. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C52469 Synonym A word having the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or other words in a language; a word or an expression that serves as a figurative or symbolic substitute for another. from U.S. National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute Thesaurus. umls:cui A property representing the concept unique identifier (CUI) assigned by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. CUI is used for a metachesaurus concept to which strings with teh same meaning are linked. http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition Definition A statement or formal explanation of the meaning of a term or concept. http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note Note A general note, for any purpose. The relationship - Factor Affecting Implementation of Nonpharmacological Intervention 'affects implementation of' Nonpharmacological Intervention. affects implementation of The relationship - Assessment Tool for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'assesses' Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. assesses The relationship - Volunteer 'assists' Person. assists The relationship - Health Care Professional 'cares for' Care Recipient. cares for The relationship - Causative Factors of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'causes' Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. causes The relationship - Person 'conducts' Management Activity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. conducts The relationship - Person with Dementia 'has anxiety in dementia' Anxiety in Dementia. has anxiety in dementia The relationship - Person with Dementia 'has apathy in dementia' Apathy in Dementia. has apathy in dementia The relationship - Care Recipient 'has background' Background of Care Recipient. has background The relationship - Health Care Professional 'has care goal' Care Goal for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. has care goal The relationship - Health Care Professional 'has communication skill' Skill for Communicating with Person with Dementia. has communication skill The relationship - Nonpharmacological Intervention 'has delivery mode' Delivery Mode of Nonpharmacological Intervention. has delivery mode The relationship - Person with Dementia 'has dementia' Dementia. has dementia The relationship - Person with Dementia 'has depression in dementia' Depression in Dementia. has depression in dementia The relationship - Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance 'has duration' Duration of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance. has duration The relationship - Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has effect' Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. has effect The relationship - Nonpharmacological Intervention "has effectiveness level" Effectiveness Level of Nonpharmacological Intervention . has effectiveness level The relationship - Person with Dementia 'has emotional and mood disturbance' Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. has emotional and mood disturbance The relationship - Person with Dementia 'has euphoria in dementia' Euphoria in Dementia. has euphoria in dementia The relationship - Care Recipient 'has family member' Family Member. has family member The relationship - Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has feature' Feature of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. has feature The relationship - Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has frequency' Frequency of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance. has frequency The relationship - Care Recipient 'has friend' Friend. has friend The relationship - Care Recipient 'has interpreter' Interpreter. has interpreter The relationship - Care Recipient 'has legal representative' Legal Representative. has legal representative The relationship - Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has location' Location of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance. has location The relationship - Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has manifestation' Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. has manifestation The relationship - Intervention 'has outcome' Management Outcome of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. has outcome The relationship - Dementia 'has stage' Stage of Dementia. has stage The relationship - Management Activity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has target person' Person. has target person The relationship - Management Activity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia or Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'has time' Time. has time The relationship - Nonpharmacological Intervention 'is affected by' Factor Affecting Implementation of Nonpharmacological Intervention. is affected by The relationship - Anxiety in Dementia 'is anxiety in dementia of' Person with Dementia. is anxiety in dementia of The relationship - Apathy in Dementia 'is apathy in dementia of' Person with Dementia. is apathy in dementia of The relationship - Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is assessed by' Assessment Tool of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is assessed by The relationship - Person 'is assisted by' Volunteer. is assisted by The relationship - Background of Care Recipient 'is background of' Care Recipient. is background of The relationship - Care Goal for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is Care Goal Of' Health Care Professional. is care goal of The relationship - Care Recipient 'is cared by' Health Care Professional. is cared by The relationship - Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is caused by' Causative Factor of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia . is caused by The relationship - Skill for Communicating with Person with Dementia 'is communication skill of' Health Care Professional. is communication skill of The relationship - Management Activity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is conducted by' Person. is conducted by The relationship - Deliery Mode of Nonpharmacological Intervention 'is delivery mode of' Nonpharmacological Intervention. is delivery mode of The relationship - Dementia 'is dementia of' Person with Dementia. is dementia of The relationship - Depression in Dementia 'is depression in dementia of' Person with Dementia. is depression in dementia of The relationship - Duration of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance 'is duration of' Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is duration of The relationship - Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is effect of' Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is effect of The relationship - Effectiveness Level of Nonpharmacological Intervention 'is effectiveness level of' Nonpharmacological Intervention. is effectiveness level of The relationship - Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is emotional and mood disturbance of' Person with Dementia. is emotional and mood disturbance of The relationship - Euphoria in Dementia 'is euphoria in dementia of' Person with Dementia. is euphoria in dementia of The relationship - Family Member 'is family member of' Care Recipient. is family member of The relationship - Feature of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance 'is feature of' Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is feature of The relationship - Frequency of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance 'is frequency of' Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is frequency of The relationship - Friend 'is friend of' Care Recipient. is friend of The relationship - Interpreter 'is interpreter of' Care Recipient. is interpreter of The relationship - Legal Representative 'is legal representative of' Care Recipient. is legal representative of The relationship - Location of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance 'is location of' Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is location of The relationship - Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is manifestation of' Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is manifestation of The relationship - Background of Care Recipient 'is matched by' Person with Dementia Focused Intervention. is matched by The relationship - Management Outcome of Emotional and Mood Disturbance 'is outcome of' Intervention. is outcome of The relatiobship - Background of Care Recipient 'is provided by' Person. is provided by The relationship - Stage of Dementia 'is stage of' Dementia. is stage of The relationship - Person 'is target person of' Management Activity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is target person of The relationship - Time 'is time of' Management Activity of Emotional and Mood disturbance/Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. is time of The relationship - Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is treated by' Intervention. is treated by The relationship - Assessment Tool for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia 'is used by' Health Care Professional. is used by The relationship - Person with Dementia Focused Intervention 'matches' Background of Care Recipient. matches The relationship - Person 'provides background information' Background of Care Recipient. provides background information The relationship - Intervention 'treats' Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. treats The relationship - Health Care Professional 'uses tool' Assessment Tool for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia. uses tool Concentration Ability C0424098 Ability of focusing all one's attention on a particular object or activity. Ability to Concentrate Ability to recognize an event. Ability to Identify Event Ability to recognize a person. Ability to Identify Person Ability to recognize a place. Ability to Identify Place Ability to recognize the time. Ability to Identify Time Ability to Make Decisions, Decision-Making Ability C1531797 Mental capacity of making decisions for oneself. Ability to Make Decision Mobility Ability, Ability to Mobilize C0578131 Ability to move freely and easily. Ability to Mobilise Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Life, Ability to Perform Activity of Daily Life C0562507 Ability to Perform Activity of Daily Living Ability to perform the most basic physical tasks and personal care activities independently with or without assistive device. From Nursing Outcomes Classification C0582550 The ability to think, understand, and form judgements logically Ability to Reason The ability to placing confidence in someone. Ability to Trust Someone Aboriginal C0935542 Information about a person that if he/she is aboriginal. Aboriginal Person Running Away, Wandering Off the Facility C0424352 The behaviour of a care recipient leaving secretly from the long-term care facility which he/she lives. Absconding Free of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Relevant Symptom Clinically relevant symptoms of emotional and mood disturbances have been absented for a sustained period and treatment can be discontinued. Absence of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Relevant Symptom Acceptance of support provided to a person Acceptance of Support C0150122 Active Listening Attending closely to and attaching significance to a patient's verbal and nonverbal messages. From Nursing Interventions Classification Expressive Music Therapy Active Music Therapy Active music therapy requires the person to being an active contributor and participate in playing musical instruments or singing with the music. Impaired Activities of Daily Living, Impaired Activities of Daily Life C0740765 The impaired activities of daily living of a person. Activities of Daily Living Impairment C0282614 Acupressure A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, relieve fatigue, etc. Although the anatomical locations are the same as the acupuncture points used in acupuncture therapy, no needle or other acupuncture technique is employed in acupressure. From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed AMI Acute MI C0155626 Acute Myocardial Infarction Necrosis of the myocardium, as a result of interruption of the blood supply to the area. It is characterized by a severe and rapid onset of symptoms that may include chest pain, often radiating to the left arm and left side of the neck, dyspnea, sweating, and palpitations. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Addictive Disorder Addiction Addiction is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence. People with addiction (severe substane use disorder) have an intense focus on using a certain substance(s), such as alcohol or drugs, to the point that it takes over their life. From American Psychiatric Association Giving Medication, Administering Medication, Drug Administration C3469597 Administration of Medication The administration of a drug to a patient. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Admit to Nursing Home C1658399 Moving to a long term care facility Admission to Long Term Care Facility Aerobic Activity, Aerobics C0001701 Aerobic Exercise Sustained exercise that places an increased oxygen demand on the cardiovascular system and promotes an increased efficiency of the body's use of oxygen. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Affecting Timing of Care Delivery to Other Resident Emotional and mood disturbances of person with dementia might affect the timing of care delivery to other people living in the long-term care facility. Affecting Timing of Care Delivery to Other Care Recipient C1550743 The time after breakfast. After Breakfast After Supper C1879671 After Dinner After supper or evening meal. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The time after handover. After Handover Time C1879668 After Lunch After lunch. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0439550 Afternoon The time period between noon and sunset. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0001779 Age of a person - the time elapsed since birth. Age Agitation or Aggression in Dementia, Agitated Behavior, Feeling Agitated, Being Agitated C0085631 Agitation Agitated behaviour is defined as any inappropriate physical or verbal, aggressive or non-aggressive, act that is not an obvious expression of need or disorientation. From Cohen-Mansfield, Libin and Marx 2007 Alcohol Problem Drinking, Alcohol Dependence C0001973 Alcohol Addiction An addictive behavior defined as drinking excessive amounts of alcohol over a long period of time, having difficulty reducing the amount of alcohol consumed, strongly desiring alcohol and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not drinking alcohol. From Human Phenotype Ontology Hypersensitivity, Hypersensitivity Reaction C0020517 Allergy An allergy is an immune response or reaction to substances that are usually not harmful. From Human Phenotype Ontology Giving Person Adequate Time to Respond People should allow enough time for the person to respond during communication. Allowing Enough Time for Responding Mixed Vascular Alzheimer Dementia C3532942 Alzheimer Disease Dementia Mixed Type with Cerebrovascular Disease Dementia due to Alzheimer disease and concomitant cerebrovascular disease. From ICD11 version 09/2020 AD-RD Mood Scale Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia Mood Scale The AD-RD Mood Scale is a measure of both positive and negative moods in individuals aged 55 years or older with mild to severe AD-RD. It contains 34 items in two positive subscales (spirited and contented) and three negative subscales (hostile, apathetic, and sad). From Tappen RM, Williams CL. Development and testing of the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Mood Scale. Nurs Res. 2008 Nov-Dec;57(6):426-35. doi: 10.1097/NNR.0b013e31818c3dcc. PMID: 19018217; PMCID: PMC2667280. Amnesia Memory Loss C0002622 Amnesia Systematic and extensive loss or impairment of memory caused by organic or psychological factors. This may be temporary or permanent, and may involve old or recent memories. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Anemia C0002871 Anaemia A reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes or in the quantity of hemoglobin. From MeSH Anesthesia, Absence of Sense, Sensory Loss C0278134 Anesthesia or anaesthesia (from Greek "without sensation") is a state of controlled, temporary loss of sensation or awareness that is induced for medical purposes. Anaesthesia Feeling Angry, Angry Mood C0002957 Anger A strong emotional feeling of displeasure aroused by being interfered with, injured or threatened. From MeSH C0150133 Animal Assisted Therapy A type of therapy based on the human-animal companion bond used in an effort to assist in restoring feelings of hope, self worth, responsibility, and communication. From Psychological Index Terms C0003469 Anxiety Disorder Persistent and disabling anxiety. From MeSH Anxiety in Dementia Emotions of people with dementia that characterized by feelings of apprehension, uneasiness or dread associated to an anticipated, actual or imagined stressor. Emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia contribute to health care professional's anxiety. Anxiety of Health Care Professional AES Apathy Evaluation Scale Apathy evaluation scale is an 18-item scale that addresses characteristics of goal directed behaviour that reflects apathy including behavioural, cognitive, and emotional indicators.From https://www.sralab.org/rehabilitation-measures/apathy-evaluation-scale-includes-three-forms-self-informant-and-clinician Apathy Evaluation Scale Clinician Version The clinician version of Apathy Evaluation Scale that items are scored on 4-point likert scale with descriptors (not at all characteristic, slightly characteristic, somewhat characteristic, very characteristic) AES-I Apathy Evaluation Scale Informant Version The informant version of Apathy Evaluation Scale that items are scored on 4-point likert scale with descriptors (not at all charactersitic, slightly characteristic, somewhat characteristic, very characteristic) Apathy Evaluation Scale Self Version The "self" version of Apathy Evaluation Scale that items are scored on 4-point scale with decriptiors (not at all true, slightly true, somewhat true, very true". Listless Mood in Dementia, Emotional Indifference in Dementia Apathy in Dementia A reducation or lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or concern in people with dementia APADEM-NH Apathy Scale for Institutionalized Patients with Dementia‐Nursing Home version Apathy in Dementia Nursing Home Scale The APADEM-NH (APAthy in DEMentia, Nursing Home) scale was specifically designed to measure apathy in institutionalized patients with neurode- generative dementia by considering the special characteristics of the most severe stages of the illness and the distinctiveness of the institutional environ- ment such as group-living or professional caregiving. From Krista Lanctôt, Luis Agüera-ortiz, 2013 A Novel Rating Scale for the Measurement of Apathy in Institutionalized Persons with Dementia: The APADEM-NH, The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry AI Apathy Inventory Apathy Inventory (AI) assesses emotional blunting, lack of initiative, and lack of interest and also the person’s awareness of these symptoms. From Robert PH, Clairet S, Benoit M, Koutaich J, Bertogliati C, Tible O, Caci H, Borg M, Brocker P, Bedoucha P. The apathy inventory: assessment of apathy and awareness in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Dec;17(12):1099-105 C0003537 Aphasia A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. From MeSH The activity of applying the technique for communicating with people with dementia. Applying Communication Skill Apply Dressing to Site C1736039 The intervention of applying a dressing to cover and protect a wound. Applying Dressing to Wound Application of Hot Packs to Mulitple Areas, Applying Heat Pack C5415988 The intervention of applying a hot pack or hot packes to a person. Applying Hot Pack Applying Warming Blanket C0509768 The intervention of applying a warm blanket to a person. Applying Warm Blanket C5544388 Aquatic Exercise Aquatic exercise is exercise that is performed in the water, typically in a pool. It is a low-impact activity that takes the pressure off a person's bones, joints and muscles. From Mayo Clinic The expression of diverging or opposite views, typically in a heated or angry way. Arguing The activity of finding out what a place or location is by watching videos, viewing posters, reading books, and so on. Armchair Travel Activity C2985484 Aromatherapist A person who practices a type of complementary medicien called aromatherapy. This therapy uses plant oils that give off strong, pleasant smells to promote relaxation and a sense of well-being. The plant oils are usually inhaled or put on the skin using wet clothes, baths, or massage. From the U.S. National Cancer Insitute Thesaurus Aroma Therapy C0376547 Aromatherapy The use of fragrances and essences from plants to affect or alter a person's mood or behavior and to facilitate physical, mental, and emotional well-being. The chemicals comprising essential oils in plants has a host of therapeutic properties and has been used historically in Africa, Asia, and India. Its greatest application is in the field of alternative medicine. From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed; from Dr. Atiba Vheir, Dove Center, Washington, D.C. C0586935 Art Therapist An individual who uses art to achieve the therapeutic goals of symptom relief, emotional integration, and recovery from or adjustment to illness or disability. From National Uniform Claim Committee - Health Care Provider Taxonomy Arts-Based Therapy, Arts-Based Approach, Art-Based Intervention C0003827 Art Therapy The use of art as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of neurological, mental, or behavioral disorders. From MeSH Inflammatory Arthritis, Joint Inflammation C0003864 Arthritis Acute or chronic inflammation of joints. From MeSH Actual Aspiration, Aspiration into Respiratory Tract C2712334 Aspiration Aspiration occurs when food, drink, or foreign objects are breathed into the lungs (going down the wrong tube). It might happen during choking, but aspiration can also be silent, meaning that there is no outward sign. Tool or scale which is used to assess the emotional and mood disturbances of person with dementia Assessment Tool for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Application of Make Up to Skin C2732586 The intervention of applying cosmetics to skin of a person. Assisting in Applying Makeup C2371469 Assisting in Choosing Appropriate Clothing Following implicit or explicit dress codes and conventions of one's society or culture and dressing in keeping with climatic conditions. From International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) The activity of nursing staff cutting up food for person to easily eat. Assisting in Cutting up Food Feeding, Feed with Assistance C0150334 Assisting in Feeding Person Assisting a person in feeding himself or herself. Dressing C1998794 Assisting in Putting on Clothes Carrying out the coordinated tasks of putting clothes on various parts of the body, such as putting clothes on over the head, over the arms and shoulders, and on the lower and upper halves of the body; putting on gloves and headgear. From International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Undressing C1998905 Assisting in Taking off Clothes Carrying out the coordinated tasks of taking clothes off various parts of the body, such as pulling clothes off and over the head, off the arms and shoulders, and off the lower and upper halves of the body; taking off gloves and headgear. From International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Helping with Activity of Daily Living C0509063 Assisting people with dementia to perform activities of daily living. Assisting with Activity of Daily Living Assisting a person with his/her continence care Assisting with Continence Care C1279813 Assisting people with eating and drinking Assisting with Eating Assistance with Hair Care C1822179 Assisting people with their hair care. Assisting with Hair Care Assisting people to manage his/her medication Assisting with Medication Management C3650993 The intervention of assisting a person to mobilise. Assisting with Mobility C1279776 Assisting people with their nail care. Assisting with Nail Care C5141266 Assisting people with their mouth and teeth care. Assisting with Oral Care C0150333 Assisting with Personal Grooming Assisting patient with clothes and appearance. From Nursing Interventions Classification C1279778 Assisting people with hygiene care Assisting with Personal Hygiene Assisting a person with his/her sleep Assisting with Sleep C0150335 Assisting with Toileting Assisting another person with elimination. From Nursing Interventions Classification Information about the groups an individual is connected with Associated Group Information about the professional organizations that an individual is connected with Associated Professional Organization Information about the social clubs that an individual is connected with. A social club is a club that is formed around a common interest or activity, such as chess club and fishing club. Associated Social Club Fall Risk, At Risk for Falling C1268740 At Risk for Fall Potential for increased chance of falling that may cause physical harm, damage or lose. From Periperative Nursing Data Set Pressure Sore Risk, At Risk of Pressure Sore, At Risk of Pressure Injury, At Risk of Pressure Ulcer C0563204 At Risk for Pressure Ulcer Potential for increased chance of injury to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. From Mayo Clinic C0563664 At Risk for Suicide Susceptible to self-inflicted, life-threatening injury. From the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) At Risk - Finding, Finding of at Risk, Finding Related to Risk Factor C0559571 The particular condition that someone has the potential for increased chance of getting injuries (including life-threatening injuries) or diseases. At Risk State Activity of attending a concert. Attending Concert Attending Online Event The activity of attending an online event that involves people interacting in a virtual environment on the web. Attending Virtual Event The activity of attending an online museum tour that allows visitors to take self-guided tours of select exhibits and areas within the museum from their desktop or mobile device. Attending Virtual Museum Tour The activity of attending an online zoom tour that allows visitors to take self-guided tours of selected exhibits about animals and their habitats within the zoo from their desktop or mobile device. Attending Virtual Zoo Tour The attitude of health care professional to care of people with dementia. Attitude of Health Care Professional C0175838 Audiologist Professionals skilled at diagnostic testing of hearing, hearing impairment, and correction of hearing impairment by non-medical or non-surgical means. From MeSH Hearing Impairment, Hearing Loss, Impaired Hearing, Poor Hearing, Decreased Hearing, Hearing Reduced, Hearing Deficit C1384666 Auditory Impairment A general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. From MeSH C0337576 Aunt The sister of one's father or mother; the wife of one's uncle. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Autonomic Hyperactivity Autonomic hyperactivity is a life-threatening manifestation of many disorders affecting the central or peripheral nervous systems. From Oxford Medicine Online https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780199920198.001.0001/med-9780199920198-chapter-13 The availabity of resource for applying nonpharmacological intervention. Availability of Nonpharmacological Intervention Implementation Resource The availableness of resource for training health care professional about nonpharmacological intervention. Availability of Nonpharmacological Intervention Training Resource People should avoid arguring with a person with dementia. Avoid Arguing with Person with Dementia People should avoid asking complex questions when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Asking Complex Question People should avoid asking person with dementia to "try harder". Avoid Asking Person with Dementia to Try Harder People should avoid correcting a person with dementia during communicating with him/her. Avoid Correcting Person with Dementia People should avoid criticising a person with dementia when communicating with him/her. Avoid Criticising Person with Dementia People should avoid interrupting a person with dementia when he/she is talking. Avoid Interrupting When Person with Dementia is Talking Avoid Complex Multi-Step Command People should avoid using a multiple-step request when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Multiple-Step Request People should avoid using negative word(s) when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Negative Word People should avoid offering too many choices when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Offering Too Many Choices People should avoid asking open-ended questions when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Open-Ended Question People should avoid overexplaining when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Overexplaining People should not scream when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Screaming People should avoid telling the person with dementia that he or she is wrong. Avoid Telling Person with Dementia that He is Wrong People should avoid using harsh tone when communicating with people with dementia. Avoid Using Harsh Tone Avoid using words and phrases that are regarded as very informal, and are typically restricted to a particular context or group of people. Avoid Using Slang C0870186 Avoidance A conscious or unconscious refusal to encounter situations, activities, or objects; the act or practice of keeping away from or withdrawing from something. From the U.S. Nationational Cancer Institute Thesaurus Personality characterised by social discomfort and avoidance of interpersonal contact. Avoidant Personality Trait The training of BPSD (behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia) Assessment that is provided to health care professionals. BPSD Assessment Training Information about the background of a care recipient Background of Care Recipient Balance Therapy C0150219 Balance Exercise Use of specific activities, postures, and movements to maintain, enhance, or restore balance. From Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) The activity of playing with balloons. Balloon Game BBQ Activity The activity involving cooking and enjoying food that cooked using fire and smoke. Barbecue Activity C0582062 Preference to personal hygiene, such as shaving preference, and hair care preference. Bath Preference C0556989 Bathroom A room containing a bath or shower and typically also a washbasin and a toilet. From Oxfor Languages BDI C0451022 Beck Depression Inventory A twenty-one question survey completed by a patient, with each answer scored on a scale of 0 to 3, designed to measure presence of depression. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Preference to the bedclothes, such as blankets and sheets used on a bed. Bedding Preference C0521112 The usual time of going to bed. Bedtime C1879793 The time prior to going to bed. Before Bedtime C1549040 The time prior to eating breakfast. Before Breakfast Before Evening Meal C1550742 The time prior to eating dinner. Before Dinner The time prior to handover. Before Handover Time C1550741 The time prior to eating lunch. Before Lunch The lack of the overall feedback or reply made by a person in any circumstances. Behavioral Inaction BEHAVE-AD Behavioural Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Item, Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale The Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD) is a well-established instrument, designed to assess potentially remediable behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients as well as to evaluate treatment outcome. It consists of 25 symptoms grouped into seven categories. From Monteiro IM, Boksay I, Auer SR, Torossian C, Ferris SH, Reisberg B. Addition of a frequency-weighted score to the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale: the BEHAVE-AD-FW: methodology and reliability. Eur Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;16 Suppl 1:5s-24s. doi: 10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00524-1. PMID: 11520474. The acts or conducts of health care professional. Behaviour of Health Care Professional Behaviour of Other Resident Behaviour of other care recipients living in the same long-term care facility Behaviour of Other Care Recipient The behavior of visitors in the long-term care facilities. Behaviour of Visitor BRSD Behaviour Rating Scale for Dementia The Behavior Rating Scale for Dementia (BRSD) is a standardized instrument for rating behavioral abnormalities in demented or cognitively impaired subjects. Descriptive items are scaled according to frequency of psychopathological behavior. From Duke Aging Center https://sites.duke.edu/centerforaging/cerad/assessments/behavior-rating-scale-dementia-brsd/ Behavioural Psychotherapy, Behaviour Modification, Behavioural Intervention, Conditioning Therapy, Behaviour Conditioning Therapy, Behaviour Modification Technique, Behavioural Management Intervention C0004933 Behaviour Therapy The use of operant conditioning, including rewards and punishments, in helping a person create an atmosphere where he or she does not contribute to painful stimuli. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Behavior Assessment, Assessing Behavior, Behavioral Analysis, Behavior Care Assessment C1160858 Behavioural Assessment Assessing a person's unacceptable and/or inappropriate behavior(s) to identify the behavior(s) and determine why he or she is demonstrating a behavior(s). From Alternative Billing Concepts Acquisition of information about behaviors of a care recipient Behavioural Observation Health care professional is impatient with person with dementia, e.g. rushing person with dementia in carrying out tasks. Being Impatient with Person with Dementia Being excessively familiar with other people Being Overly Familiar with Other People Being exceptionally affected by emotion Being Unusually Emotional C0004951 Belief A state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing; conviction of the truth of some statement or the reality of some phenomenon. From the Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) Thesaurus Bereavement Reaction C0005119 Bereavement Refers to the whole process of grieving and mourning and is associated with a deep sense of loss and sadness. From MeSH The activity of reading the Bible, which bring peace and comfort to the reader. Bible Reading Biographically Orientated Mobilization Biographically Orientated Mobilisation A weekly 10-15 min activation that focused on the motor, cognitive, and emotional aspects of apathy by exploring the biography of people with dementia and orienting mobilization and interventions at previously pursued hobbies and interests. From Treusch Y, Page J, Niemann-Mirmehdi M, Gutzmann H, Heinz A, Rapp M. Apathy and its non-pharmacological treatment in dementia. Geropsych 2011;24:155–64. Gender of a person assigned biologically at birth. Biological Gender Bipolar Affective Disorder C0005586 Bipolar Disorder A major disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence. From MeSH Hobby of keeping birds as pets. Bird Keeping Hobby Bisexual State C2129310 Bisexual Possessing both homosexual and heterosexual preferences; or true hermaphroditism, having gonads of both sexes. From Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) Thesaurus Aggressive Biting C0233534 The behaviour of biting something or somebody aggressively. Biting Height C0005890 Body Height The distance from the sole to the crown of the head with body standing on a flat surface and fully extended. From MeSH C0005901 Body Size The physical measurements of a body. From MeSH Weight C0005910 Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. From MeSH Weight Change C0005911 Body Weight Change A clinical manifestation consisting of alterations in an individual's weight from his or her norm. From MeSH BL-VAS Bond-Lader Mood Rating Scale, Bond-Lader VAS, Bond-Lader Mood Scale, Bond-Lader VAS Mood Rating Scale Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Scale Bond-Lader Visual Analogue Scale was developed in 1974 by Bond and Lader to rate subjective feelings. From Bond A, Lader M. The use of analogue scales in rating subjective feelings. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 1974;47:211-218 C0006019 Boredom A psychological state resulting from any acticity that lacks motivation, or from enforced continuance in an uninteresting situation. From MeSH Morning Meal Time, Breakfast C2698559 The time of people having breakfast. Breakfast Time People should break down long sentences (e.g., questions, statements and requests) into short phrases when communicating with people with dementia. Breaking Down Long Sentence into Short Phrase Respiratory Muscle Training, Breath Exercise C0006155 Breathing Exercise Therapeutic exercises aimed to deepen inspiration or expiration or even to alter the rate and rhythm of respiration. From MeSH BPRS Overall and Gorham Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Overall-Gorham Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale C0029941 Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is a rating scale which a clinician or researcher may use to measure psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hallucinations and unusual behaviour. The scale is one of the oldest, most widely used scales to measure psychotic symptoms and was first published in 1962. (Overall JE, Gorham DR (1962). The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychological Reports 1962 vol. 10, pp799-812). From Wikipedia. Bright Light Therapy C5400760 Bright White Light Therapy Phototherapy that utilizes bright white full-spectrum light, typically delivered through a light box, to mimic natural outdoor light for the treatment of the depressive symptoms in both seasonal affective disorder and non-sensonal depression, as well as for the treatment of sleep and other mood disorders. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0337527 A male sibling of a person. Brother C1553711 Brother-in-law A brother by marriage. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The intervention of creating a buddy system between care recipients in the residential care facility or between care recipients and staff to strengthen support networks. Buddy System Intervention C0006433 Burnout of Health Care Professional An excessive stress reaction to one's occupational or professional environment. It may be characterized by feelings of emotional and physical exhaustion, coupled with a sense of frustration and failure. From MeSH The activity of attending bus trip. Bus Trip Type of immigration that people choose to live in other countries for operating a new or existing business. Business Immigration Cannabis Dependence, Marijuana Addiction, Marijuana Dependence C0006870 Cannabis Addiction Physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The activity of playing cards. Card Game C0175906 Cardiologist Qualified medical professionals who specialize in preventing and treating disorders of the heart and cardiovascular system. From MeSH C4708569 Care Coordinator A person who coordinates multi-disciplinary patient care services, assuring that patients receive the care intended by their care plan. From SNOMEDCT The goal setted for managing emotional and mood disturbances of a particular person with dementia. Care Goal for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Care Hours per Resident Day, Hours of Care per Resident Day Hours of care provided by all nursing staff per care recipient day Care Hours per Care Recipient Day Resident The people living in the long term care facility. Care Recipient Resident Room The room that a long-term care facility provides for accommodation of a person living there. Care Recipient Room Direct Care Worker, Direct Care Staff, Personal Care Worker, Personal Care Assistant (PCA), Assistant in Nursing (AIN) C4034487 The care staff that provide hands-on, generally long term care for people. Care Staff A type of the simulated gambling activities. The participants can play slot machines, standard video poker, roulette, blackjack, or craps, but no actual money would be exchanged during the activity. Casino Activity Hobby of keeping cats as pets. Cat Keeping Hobby Investigating possible causes of the behaviour Causative Factor Investigation Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Causative Agent The factors that could cause the emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Causative Factor of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia The constant and unending talking. Ceaseless Talking People should celebrate small success of a person with dementia. Celebrating Small Success The activity of celebrating something, e.g., birthday celebration and festival celebration. Celebration Activity CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale Questionnaire C2699160 Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale A self-test that measures depressive feelings and behaviors within the general population. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Becoming different in one's desire to eat food. Change in Appetite Disruption of Familiar Routine The changes in the routine of a person. Change in Routine Change in Sleep, Change in Sleeping Patterns C3203743 Becoming different in one's sleep patterns. Change in Sleep Pattern The intervention of replacing a continence aid. Changing Continence Aid C0558275 A private place of worship serving a residence or institution. Chapel Hearing Aid Check C0455223 The acts to ensure that hearing aids are clean and operational. Checking Hearing Aid Sighting The activity of checking the safety and comfort of a person. Checking Person The checks to ensure visual aids (devices that are used for assisting sight, e.g., glasses) are clean and operational. Checking Vision Aid History of Childhood Abuse C4062014 Information about childhood abuse experienced by a person. Childhood Abuse Food Stuck in Throat C0008301 Choking occurs when the airway is blocked by food, drink, or foreign objects. Choking Church Services The activity that make people living in the long-term care facility feel like they have "been to church". It normally includes a song service, prayer and a short sermon. Church Service Activity The activity of cleaning the hearing aids. Cleaning Hearing Aid Cleaning Eyeglasses The activity of cleaning vision aids. Cleaning Vision Aid C0871685 Clinician A health professional who takes care of patients. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus reference to clothes worn on the body Clothing Preference Clutter C4061120 The environment that filled with an untidy collection of things. Cluttered Environment The participants can regularly attend the Coffee Club (a club for coffee lovers) to socialize over enjoying coffee and cakes/biscuits. Coffee Club Activity Ability to Perform Cognitive Activity C0392334 General mental capability of a person. Cognitive Ability Cognitive Examination, Cognitive Screening, Assessment Cognition C0870300 Cognitive Assessment The examination of the cognitive capacities or deficits of an individual through the application of tests that probe that individual's ability to perform various mental activities such as perception, learning, and reasoning. From The U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus CBT Cognitive Behaviour Modification, Behavioural Cognitive Therapy An integrated approach to psychotherapy that combines the techniques of cognitive and behaviour therapy. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Cognitive Deficit, Cognitive Decline, Cognitive Dysfunction, Impaired Cognition, Cognitive Function Abnormal, Cognitive Disturbance, Neurocognitive Dysfunction C0338656 Cognitive Impairment Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. From MeSH C0870303 Cognitive Rehabilitation Procedures used to restore or enhance the cognitive functioning level of individuals with mental disability, injury, or disease (e.g., brain damaged stroke patients). From Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms CST Cognitive Stimulation Cognitive Stimulation Therapy Promotion of awareness and comprehension of surroundings by utilization of planned stimuli. From Nursing Interventions Classification C0563147 Cognitive Style Preferred or habitual style of learning or thinking. From Psychological Index Terms Cognitive Intervention C0009244 Cognitive Therapy A type of psychotherapy that helps patients change their behavior by changing the way they think and feel about certain things. It is used to treat mental, emotional, personality, and behavioral disorders. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Brain Training C1868940 Cognitive Training A program of regular activities purported to maintain or improve one's cognitive abilities. From Wikipedia The activity of colouring a picture. Colouring Picture Communal Areas in Accommodation C0557234 The shared entrances, halls, stairways, passages, balconies, yards, lifts, fire escapes, roads and paths leading to or from the care recipient's room, grassed, cultivated, drying and play areas, forecourts and other shared areas in a long-term care facility Communal Area The communicating actions that should be avoided. Communicating Action Avoided The communicating actions that are suggested to do during a communication with people with dementia. Communicating Action Suggested People should communiate with people with dementia at eye level. Communicating at Eye Level C0481701 The communication problems that people with dementia may have. Communication Problem The training that provided to health care professionals about how to communicate with people with dementia. Communication Skill Training The expression of dissatisfaction or annoyance about something. Complaining C2242574 Compulsive Sexual Behaviour An excessive preoccupation with sexual fantasies, urges or behaviors that is difficult to control. From Mayo Clinic CCBT Computerized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a type of self-help therapy delivered via the internet, which is grounded in cognitive behavioural therapy. From Dedert E, McDuffie JR, Swinkels C, et al. Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults with Depressive or Anxiety Disorders [Internet]. Washington (DC): Department of Veterans Affairs (US); 2013 Oct. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK269001/ C2699424 A worry that tends to persist over time. Concern C1821305 The concern about burdening others. Concern about Burdening Other People Fear of Falling, Fear of Fall C0877040 A person's anxiety towards usual or normal walking or mobilising, with the perception that a fall will occur. It is common after a fall although it can occur in the absence of a fall. From Physiopedia Concern about Falling C4062081 A person's concern about his/her family member(s). Concern about Family Member Concern about Money A person with dementia may worry about his/her finance, e.g. cost that is associated with health care. Concern about Finance The concern of one's own health or body function. Concern about Health IDC Concern about Using Indwelling Urinary Catheter The concern of using indwelling urinary catheter - a hollow tube that is inserted and left in the bladder to promote the drainage of urine. Concern about Indwelling Bladder Catheter The concern about a suprapubic catheter (also called for SPC) that has been inserted into a person's bladder to drain urine when this person can't urinate on his/her own. Concern about Inserted Suprapbic Catheter The concern about using lifting assistive device. Concern about Lifting Assistive Device A person's concern about loss of his/her freedom. Concern about Loss of Freedom A person's worry about medical device. Concern about Medical Device The worry about medication. Concern about Medication The concern about the medication supply is insufficient. Concern about Medication Shortage The worry about adverse effects of medication. Concern about Medication Side Effect The concern about personal property include house, vehicles, furniture, boats, and collectibles. Concern about Personal Property The concern about taking medication, with the perception that he/she will take the medication incorrectly. Concern about Taking Medication Incorrectly The concern about events that will happen in the near future, such as the medical assessment appointment next week. Concern about Upcoming Event The concern of using a walker with wheels. Concern about Wheeled Walker Stress of Family Member, Worry of Family Member Emotional and mood disturbances of a person cause an uneasy state of mind of their famly members. Concern of Family Member Worry of Friend, Stress of Friend The emotional and mood disturbances in a person with dementia may cause an uneasy mental state of his/her friends about him/her. Concern of Friend Concern of Other Resident, Worry of Other Resident, Stress of Other Resident Emotional and mood disturbances of a care recipient may cause an uneasy state of mind of other care recipients living in the same long term care facility. Concern of Other Care Recipient Feeling Confused, Confusional State, Confused, Daze, Dazed, Dazing, Easily Confused C0009676 Confusion A mental state characterized by bewilderment, emotional disturbance, lack of clear thinking, and perceptual disorientation. From MeSH C1822381 The intervention of having consistent and regular staff for providing care to a person with dementia in the long-term care facility. Consistency of Staff Providing Care The behaviour of manipulating something constantly. Constant Manipulation of Object The behaviour of continuously repeating words or sentences. Constant Repetition of Word The constant and not justified requests for attention. Constant Unwarranted Requests for Attention The constant and not justified requests for help. Constant Unwarranted Requests for Help The constant and not justified requests for reassurance. Constant Unwarranted Requests for Reassurance Defficulty Defecating, Difficulty Passing Motion, Difficulty Opening Bowel, Difficulty Passing Stool, Costiveness C0009806 Constipation A disorder characterized by irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C1880174 Information that can be used to contact a person, such as address, telephone number and email address. Contact Information C0335326 Cooking The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases. From MeSH Hobby of preparing food. Cooking Hobby Physiologic Coordination C0242414 Coordination Ability to execute smooth, accurate, controlled motor responses (optimal interaction of muscle function). CSDD C4744456 Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia A 19-item clinician-administered instrument, developed by Alexopoulos et al. in 1986, that utilizes a three-point rating scale to assess signs and symptoms of major depression in patients with dementia, based on interviews with both the patient and a caregiver. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0557670 The long passage in a building from which doors lead into rooms. Corridor Counseling, Counseling Intervention C0010210 Counselling The giving of advice and assistance to individuals when educational or personal problems. From MeSH Country of Origin C1300001 Country which a person was born in. Country of Birth C0337580 Cousin A child of one's aunt or uncle or their descendents. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Hobby of making things by hand. Craft Hobby The activity characterized by originality of thought or inventiveness, e.g., creative writing. Creative Pursuit Activity Crowded surroundings with too many people Crowded Environment The activity of crushing oral medication for people with swallowing difficulty to easily take the medication. Crushing Oral Medication for People with Swallowing Difficulty Culture Background, Culture C0010447 Culture Background The process by which the dominant symbols, acts, or meanings of a society reinforce the perspective of a dominant group while making invisible, stereotyped, or marked as "other" the variations in symbols, acts, and meanings from culture to culture.in the perspectives of subordinate or targeted groups. This includes the presumed universality of the dominant group's experience, culture, and religion. From MeSH Cultural Support Workers support non-Indigenous foster carers and staff to better understand the needs of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people in care and to respond in a holistic way that considers family, spiritual, community and individual needs. Cultural Support Worker Swearing, Using Foul Language C0233730 The behaviour of using offensive language. Cursing C0010962 Dance Therapy The use of dancing for therapeutic purposes. From MeSH DOB Birth Date C0421451 Date of Birth The calendar date on which a person was born. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0011011 A female child of a person. Daughter C1553705 Daughter-in-law The wife of one's son. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0332169 Daytime Diurnal The time between sunrise and sunset while it is light. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Daytime Somnolence, Excessive Sleepiness during Day C2219848 Inappropriate sleepiness during the day. Daytime Sleepiness Partner, Partner in Relationship, Significant Other C0682323 De Factor Partner A person who is important to one's well being; especially a spouse or one in a similar relationship. From HL7V3.0 C0680093 Death of a close friend of a person. Death of Close Friend Death of Relative, Family Member Deceased, Family Member Dead, Relative Dead, Relative Deceased, Death of Family Member C0425043 Death of Family Member The historical fact that a legal or consanguineous family member has died. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Refusal of Care, Resisting Care Declining to be helped with personal care Declining Care Medication Refused, Refusal to Take Medication C1319048 Behaviour of declining to take prescribed medication Declining to Take Medication Poor Appetite, Low Appetite, Reduced Appetite, Inappetence C0232462 The decreasing of one's desire to eat food. Decrease in Appetite Decreased performance of the basic activities of self care, such as dressing and eating. Decreased Activity of Daily Living C1862911 Decreased need for sleep, in which someone can get by with little or no sleep and not feel tired as a result the next day. Decreased Need for Sleep Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Belly Breathing Exercise, Abdominal Breathing Exercise C0454496 The breathing exercise that helps lessen stress and anxiety. By breathing slower and more deeply from the stomach, a person signal the nervous system to calm down. Deep Breathing Exercise Osteoarthritis, Osteoarthrosis, Degenerative Arthritides, Degenerative Arthritis, Degenerative Joint Disease C0029408 Degenerative Polyarthritis A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. From MeSH Pure Water Depletion Syndrome, Exsiccosis, Loss of Body Water, Deficient Fluid Volume, Body Water Dehydration C0011175 Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. From MeSH C0011206 Delirium A usually reversible condition characterized by the acute and sudden development of confusion, illusions, movement changes, inattentiveness, agitation, and hallucinations. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Delirium Screening, Assessment of Delirium, Delirium Screen C4518226 Delirium assessment aims to confirm the diagnosis, identify and treat the causes, and manage and relieve the symptoms, and collect information that is useful in developing treatment plans. Delirium Assessment The way of delivering the nonpharmacological intervention. Delivery Mode of Nonpharmacological Intervention Delusional Disorder, Delusional Idea, Delusional Symptom, Delusional Thought, Fixed Beliefs Contradicted by Reality, Delusional Belief, Psychotic Delusion C0011253 Delusion A belief that is demonstrably untrue or not shared by others, usually based on incorrect inference about external reality. The belief is firmly held with conviction and is not, or is only briefly, susceptibel to modification by experience or evidence that contradicts it. The belief is not ordinarily accepted by other members or the person's culture or subculture (i.e., it is not an article of religious faith). From ICD-11 Demanding Behavior C0562447 Anxious care recipient may require considerable attention from health care professionals. Demanding Behaviour C0497327 Dementia Dementia is an acquired brain syndrome characterized by a decline from a previous level of cognitive function with impairment in two or more cognitive domains (such as memory, executive functions, attention, language, social cognition and judgement, psychomotor speed, visuoperceptual or visuospatial abilities). The cognitive impairment is not entirely attributable to normal aging and significantly interferes with independence in the person's performance of activities of daily living. Based on available evidence, the cognitive impairment is attributed or assumed to be attributable to a neurological or medical condition that affects the brain, trauma, nutritional deficiency, chronic use of specific substances or medications, or exposure to heavy metals or other toxins. From ICD-11 version 09/2020 DAIR Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating Scale Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating Dementia Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR) is a 16-item informant-based assessment of apathy in persons with dementia. From Strauss ME, Sperry SD. An informant-based assessment of apathy in Alzheimer disease. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol. 2002 Sep;15(3):176-83. PMID: 12218710. Alzheimer Disease Dementia C0002395 Dementia due to Alzheimer Disease Dementia due to Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. Onset is insidious with memory impairment typically reported as the initial presenting complaint. The characteristic course is a slow but steady decline from a previous level of cognitive functioning with impairment in additional cognitive domains (such as executive functions, attention, language, social cognition and judgment, psychomotor speed, visuoperceptual or visuospatial abilities) emerging with disease progressing. From ICD-11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Alzheimer Disease with Early Onset Dementia due to Alzheimer disease in which symptoms emerge before the age of 65 years. It is relatively rare, representing less than 5% of all cases, and may be genetically determined (autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease). Clinical presentation may be similar to cases with later onset, but a significant proportion of cases manifest atypical symptoms, with relatively less severe memory deficits. From ICD11 version 09/2020. Dementia due to Alzheimer Disease with Late Onset Dementia due to Alzheimer disease that develops at the age of 65 years or above. This is the most common pattern, representing more than 95% of all cases. From ICD11 Version 09/2020 VaD Cerebrovascular Disease Dementia, Vascular Dementia C0011269 Dementia due to Cerebrovascular Disease Vascular dementia is due to significant brain parenchyma injury resulting from cerebrovascular disease (ischemic or haemorrhagic). The onset of the cognitive deficits is temporally related to one or more vascular events. Cognitive decline is typically most prominent in speed of information processing, complex attention, and frontal-executive functioning. There is evidence of the presence of cerebrovascular disease considered to be sufficient to account for the neurocognitive deficits from history, physical examination and neuroimaging. From ICD11 version 09/2020 C4518638 Dementia due to Down Syndrome Dementia due to Down syndrome is a neurodegenerative disorder related to the impact of abnormal increased production and accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) leading to formation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau tangles. APP gene expression is increased due to its location on chromosome 21, which is abnormally triplicated in Down syndrome. Cognitive deficits and neuropathological features are similar to those observed in Alzheimer disease. Onset is typically after the fourth decade of life with a gradual decline in functioning. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Exposure to Heavy Metal Dementia due to exposure to heavy metals caused by toxic exposure to specific heavy metals such as aluminium from dialysis water, lead, mercury or manganese. The characteristic cognitive impairments in Dementia due to exposure to heavy metals depend on the specific heavy metal that the individual has been exposed to but can affect all cognitive domains. Onset of symptoms is related to exposure and progression can be rapid especially with acute exposure. In many cases, symptoms are reversible when exposure is identified and ceases. Investigations such as brain imaging or neurophysiological testing may be abnormal. Lead poisoning is associated with abnormalities on brain imaging including widespread calcification and increased signal on MRI T2-weighted images of periventricular white matter, basal ganglia hypothalamus and pons. Dementia due to aluminium toxicity may demonstrate characteristic paroxysmal high-voltage delta EEG changes. Examination may make evident other features such as peripheral neuropathy in the case of lead, arsenic, or mercury. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus develops during the course of confirmed HIV disease, in the absence of a concurrent illness or condition other than HIV infection that could explain the clinical features. Although a variety of patterns of cognitive deficit are possible depending on where the HIV pathogenic processes have occurred, typically deficits follow a subcortical pattern with impairments in executive function, processing speed, attention, and learning new information. The course of Dementia due to human immunodeficiency virus varies including resolution of symptoms, gradual decline in functioning, improvement, or fluctuation in symptoms. Rapid decline in cognitive functioning is rare with the advent of antiretroviral medications. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Huntington Chorea C0236961 Dementia due to Huntington Disease Dementia due to Huntington disease occurs as part of a widespread degeneration of the brain due to a trinucleotide repeat expansion in the HTT gene, which is transmitted through autosomal dominance. Onset of symptoms is insidious typically in the third and fourth decade of life with gradual and slow progression. Initial symptoms typically include impairments in executive functions with relative sparing of memory, prior to the onset of motor deficits (bradykinesia and chorea) characteristic of Huntington disease. From ICD11 version 09/2020 C4546139 Dementia due to Injury to the Head Dementia due to injury to the head is caused by damage inflicted on the tissues of the brain as the direct or indirect result of an external force. Trauma to the brain is known to have resulted in loss of consciousness, amnesia, disorientation and confusion, or neurological signs. The symptoms characteristic of Dementia due to injury to the head must arise immediately following the trauma or after the individual gains consciousness and must persist beyond the acute post-injury period. Cognitive deficits vary depending on the specific brain areas affected and the severity of the injury but can include impairments in attention, memory, executive functioning, personality, processing speed, social cognition, and language abilities. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia with Lewy Body, Lewy Body Dementia, Lewy Body Disease Dementia C0752347 Dementia due to Lewy Body Disease Dementia due to Lewy body disease is the second most common form of dementia in the elderly after Alzheimer disease. The precise etiology is unknown but involves abnormal alpha-synuclein protein folding and aggregation with Lewy body formation primarily in the cortex and brainstem. Onset is insidious with attentional and executive functioning deficits typically reported as the initial presenting complaint. These cognitive deficits are often accompanied by visual hallucination and symptoms of REM sleep behaviour disorder. Hallucinations in other sensory modalities, depressive symptoms, and delusions may also be present. The symptom presentation usually varies significantly over the course of days necessitating longitudinal assessment and differentiation from Delirium. Sontaneous onset of Parkinsonism within approximately 1 year of the onset of cognitive symptoms is characteristic of the disease. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Multiple Sclerosis Dementia due to multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease due to the cerebral effects of multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disease. Onset of symptoms is insidious and not related to the progression or functional impairment attributable to the primary disease (i.e., multiple sclerosis). Cognitive impairments vary according to the location of demyelination but typically include deficits in processing speed, memory, attention, and aspects of executive functioning. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Dementia due to normal pressure hydrocephalus results from excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain as a result of idiopathic, non-obstructive causes but can also be secondary to haemorrhage, infection or inflammation. Progression is gradual but intervention (e.g., shunt) can result in significant improvement of symptoms. Typically, cognitive impairments include reduced processing speed, deficits in executive functioning and attention, as well as personality changes. These symptoms are also typically accompanied by gait abnormalities and urinary incontinence. Brain imaging to reveal ventricular volume and brain displacement is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis. From ICD11 version 09/2020 PDD Parkinson Disease Dementia C0236960 Dementia due to Parkinson Disease Dementia due to Parkinson disease develops among individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease and is characterized by impairment in attention, memory, executive and visuo-spatial functions as well as behavioural and psychiatric symptoms such as changes in affect, apathy and hallucinations. Onset is insidious and the course is one of gradual worsening of symptoms. The primary pathological correlat is Lewy Body-type degeneration predominantly in the basal ganglia rather than in the cortex as is typical of Dementia due to Lewy body disease. From ICD-11 version 09/2020 C5230201 Dementia due to Pellagra Dementia due to pellagra is caused by persistent lack of vitamin B3 (niacin) or tryptophan either in the diet or due to poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract due to disease (e.g., Crohn disease) or due to the effects of some medications (e.g., isoniazid). Core signs of pellagra include dermatological changes (sensitivity to sunlight, lesions, alopecia, and oedema) and diarrhoea. With prolonged nutritional deficiency cognitive symptoms that include aggressivity, motor disturbances (ataxia and restlessness), confusion, and weakness are observed. Treatment with nutritional supplementation (e.g., niacin) typically results in reversal of symptoms. From ICD11 version 09/2020 C4546138 Dementia due to Prion Disease Dementia due to prion disease is a primary neurodegenerative disease caused by a group of spongiform encephalopathies resulting from abnormal prion protein accumulation in the brain. These can be sporadic, genetic (caused by mutations in the prion-protein gene), or transmissible (acquired from an infected individual). Onset is insidious and there is a rapid progression of symptoms and impairment characterised by cognitive deficits, ataxia, and motor symptoms (myoclonus, chorea, or dystonia). Diagnosis is typically made on the basis of brain imaging studies, presence of characteristic proteins in spinal fluid, EEG, or genetic testing. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Psychoactive Substances including Medications Dementia due to Psychoactive Substances including Medication Dementia due to psychoactive substances including medications includes forms of dementia that are judged to be a direct consequence of substance use and that persist beyond the usual duration of action or withdrawal syndrome associated with the substance. The amount and duration of substance use must be sufficient to produce the cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment is not better accounted for by a disorder that is not induced by substances such as a dementia due to another medical condition. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Use of Alcohol Dementia due to use of alcohol is characterised by the development of persistent cognitive impairments (e.g., memory problems, language impairment, and an inability to perform complex motor tasks) that meet the definitional requirements of Dementia that are judged to be a direct consequence of alcohol use and that persist beyond the usual duration of alcohol intoxication or acute withdrawal. The intensity and duration of alcohol use must have been sufficient to produce the cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment is not better accounted for by a disorder or disease that is not induced by alcohol such as a dementia due to another disorder or disease classified elsewhere. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Use of Anxiolytic Dementia due to use of anxiolytics is characterised by the development of persistent cognitive impairments (e.g., memory problems, language impairment, and an inability to perform complex motor tasks) that meet the definitional requirements of Dementia that are judged to be a direct consequence of anxiolytic use and that persist beyond the usual duration of action or withdrawal syndrome associated with the substance. The amount and duration of anxiolytic use must be sufficient to produce the cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment is not better accounted for by a disorder that is not induced by anxiolytics such as a dementia due to another medical condition. From ICD-11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Use of Hypnotic Dementia due to use of hypnotics is characterised by the development of persistent cognitive impairments (e.g., memory problems, language impairment, and an inability to perform complex motor tasks) that meet the definitional requirements of Dementia that are judged to be a direct consequence of hypnotic use and that persist beyond the usual duration of action or withdrawal syndrome associated with the substance. The amount and duration of hypnotic use must be sufficient to produce the cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment is not better accounted for by a disorder that is not induced by hypnotics such as a dementia due to another medical condition. From ICD-11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Use of Sedative Dementia due to use of sedatives is characterised by the development of persistent cognitive impairments (e.g., memory problems, language impairment, and an inability to perform complex motor tasks) that meet the definitional requirements of Dementia that are judged to be a direct consequence of sedative use and that persist beyond the usual duration of action or withdrawal syndrome associated with the substance. The amount and duration of sedative use must be sufficient to produce the cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment is not better accounted for by a disorder that is not induced by sedativessuch as a dementia due to another medical condition. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Dementia due to Use of Volatile Inhalants "Dementia due to use of volatile inhalants is characterised by the development of persistent cognitive impairments (e.g., memory problems, language impairment, and an inability to perform complex motor tasks) that meet the definitional requirements of Dementia that are judged to be a direct consequence of inhalant use or exposure and that persist beyond the usual duration of action or withdrawal syndrome associated with the substance. The amount and duration of inhalant use or exposure must be sufficient to be capable of producing the cognitive impairment. The cognitive impairment is not better accounted for by a disorder that is not induced by volatile inhalants such as a dementia due to another medical condition." From ICD11 version 09/2020 DMAS Dementia Mood Assessment Scale The Dementia Mood Assessment Scale is a 24-item scale that rates observable mood and functional abilities. The first 17 items measure mood, whereas the remaining items measure severity of dementia. All but two items, sense of enjoyment and self-esteem, address negative moods. From Tappen, Ruth M, and Christine L Williams. “Development and testing of the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias Mood Scale.” Nursing research vol. 57,6 (2008): 426-35. doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e31818c3dcc DMPT Dementia Mood Picture Test The Dementia Mood Picture Test (DMPT) is designed to assess the affective state of people with dementia. Six different moods are depicted in six simple line drawing of a face: good mood, bad mood, happy, sad, angry and worried. From Ruth M Tappen and Charlotte Barry 1995 Assessment of affect in advanced Alzheimer's diseases: the dementia mood picture test. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 21:3 Patient Demographic Information C4318886 Demographic information of a person Demographic Information Dental Disorder, Disorder of teeth And Supporting Structures, Odontologic Disorder, Tooth Disorder C1704330 Dental Disease A non-neoplastic or neoplastic (benign or malignant) disorder affecting the teeth. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Dental Practitioner, Dental Surgeon C0011441 Dentist Individuals licensed to practice dentistry. From MeSH Depressive Mood in Dementia, Depressed Mood in Dementia, Low Mood in Dementia Depression in Dementia Negative affective state characterised by low mood, sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, or dejection in people with dementia Emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia contribute to depression of health care professionals. Depression of Health Care Professional Depressive Illness C0011581 Depressive Disorder Dysthymia is a chronic mood disorder characterised by persistent depressed mood present for at least two years, for most of the day and for more days than not. During the first two years of the disorder, there has never been a two week period during which the number and duration of symptoms were sufficient to meet the diagnostic requirements for a major depressive episode. From SNOMEDCT_US The activity of describing a person's behaviours manifested at a normal condition or a beginning condition, that is used for comparison with changed behaviours. Describing Baseline Behaviour The activity of describing what an individual does or how he/she acts in contrast with baseline behaviour (behaviour manifested at a normal condition). Describing Changed Behaviour Destruction, Destroying C1948029 The behaviour of destroying properties. Destroying Property DM Diabetes C0011849 Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. From MeSH Diarrhea Watery Stool, Bowel Loose Movement C0011991 Diarrhoea A disorder characterized by frequent and watery bowel movements. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Dietician C3536818 Dietitian Persons specially trained and licensed in nutrition sciences and dietetics. From MeSH Differential Diagnoses C0011906 Differential Diagnosis Determination of which one of two or more diseases or conditions a patient is suffering from by systematically comparing and contrasting results of diagnostic measures. From MeSH DAS Dimensional Apathy Scale The Dimensional Apathy Scale (DAS) assesses three apathy subtypes-executive, emotional, and initiation-and is sensitive and valid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease. From Radakovic R, McGrory S, Chandran S, Swingler R, Pal S, Stephenson L, Colville S, Newton J, Starr JM, Abrahams S. The brief Dimensional Apathy Scale: A short clinical assessment of apathy. Clin Neuropsychol. 2020 Feb;34(2):423-435. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2019.1621382. Epub 2019 Jun 3. PMID: 31154933. The reduced ability to focus the mind on one thing. Diminished Ability of Concentration The reduced ability of processing information, make connections, make decisions, and create new ideas. Diminished Ability of Thinking A room or area in the long-term facility in which meals are eaten. Dining Room Dinnertime, Evening Meal, Supper Time C0585040 The time of people having evening meal. Dinner Time Body Discomfort C2364135 Discomfort A feeling of mental or physical uneasiness, pain, or distress. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The discomfort from the denture that is of the wrong size or shape for the person wearing it. Discomfort from Ill-Fitting Denture The discomfort from the shoe that is of the wrong size or shape for the person wearing it. Discomfort from Ill-Fitting Shoe C1866987 The behaviour of speaking which arises from abnormal thought processes. A person having disorganized speech might talking with nonexistent entities, or quickly jumping from one unrelated topic to another. From https://www.goodtherapy.org/blog/psychopedia/disorganized-speech Disorganized Speech C0233407 The altered mental state. A disoriented person may not known their location and identity, or the time and date. Disorientation Disrupting Usual Routine of Health Care Professional Staff spending time on behaviour interventions may disrupt their usual routine. Disrupting Normal Routine of Health Care Professional DV Disruptive Vocalization, Vocally Disruptive Behavior, Vocally Disruptive Behaviour C3697171 Disruptive Vocalisation Making vocal utterances that are distressing sounding and socially inappropriate due to their intensity, frequency, duration and/or setting, as a manifestation of some form of brain disease, usually dementia. From SNOMEDCT Distraction Therapy C1369038 Distraction Purposeful diverting of attention or temporarily suppressing negative emotions and thoughts away from undesirable sensations. From the U.S. National Cancer Insitute Thesaurus Disturbing Other Resident, Distress to Other Resident, Upset Other Resident The effect that emotional and mood disturbances of person with dementia might disturb other person living in the same long-term care facility. Disturbing Other Care Recipient C0204581 Diverstional Therapy Diversional Therapy is a client centred practice [that] recognises that leisure and recreational experiences are the right of all individuals. From Diversional Recreation Therapy Australia. https://diversionaltherapy.org.au Hobby of keeping dogs as pets. Dog Keeping Hobby Doll therapy involves offering dolls to adults who are living with dementia and other medical conditions with the goal of improving their comfort, engagement, and quality of life. From Verywell Health 2020 https://www.verywellhealth.com/therapeutic-doll-therapy-in-dementia-4155803 Doll Therapy C1445903 Information about the domestic violence experienced by a person. Domestic Violence Downcast Gaze The action of looking towards the ground, usually because of feeling sad or embarrassed. Drink/liquid a person prefer, e.g., tea or coffee. Drink Preference Drug Hypersensitivity, Medication Allergy, Medicine Allergy, Allergic Reaction to Drug C0013182 An allergy to a pharmaceutical product. From HL7V3.0 Drug Allergy The time during which the manifestation of emotional and mood disturbances contintues. Duration of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Dysarthosis, Dysarthrias, Dysarthric Speech, Difficulty Articulating Speech C0013362 Dysarthria A disorder characterized by slow and slurred speech resulting from an inability to coordinate the muscles used in speech. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0973461 Dysphasia Impairment of verbal communication skills. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Dysphoric Mood C0233477 Dysphoria A profound state of unease or dissatisfaction. From Wikipedia Breathlessness, Shortness of Breath, Breath Shortness, Difficulty Breathing, Respiration Difficult, Short of Breath, Difficult to Breathe, Trouble Breathing C0013404 Dyspnea Difficult or labored breathing. From MeSH Echo Speech, Echophrasia, Echologia C0013528 Echolalia Involuntary ("parrot-like"), meaningless repetition of a recently heard word, phrase, or song. From Adams et al, Principles of Neurology, th6 ed, p485) Dermatitis Eczematoid, Atopic Dermatitis, Eczematous Rash, Eczematous Dermatitis C0013595 Eczema A form of dermatitis characterized by red, itchy, scaly, or crusty patches that can be chronic or intermittent. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Level of Education, Educational Achievement, Level of Educational Attainment, Educational Qualification, Education Level Completed, Level of Education Attained C0013658 Educational Status Educational attainment or level of education of an individual. From MeSH The consequence causing by emotional and mood disturbances in dementia. Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia The consequence causing by a person's emotional and mood disturbances to his/her family members. Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Family Member The consequence causing by a person's emotional and mood disturbances to his/her friends. Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Friend The consequence causing by a person's emotional and mood disturbances to the health care professionals who provide care to him/her. Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Health Care Professional Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Other Resident Consequence causing by the emotional and mood disturbances of a care recipient to other care recipients living in the same long-term care facility Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Other Care Recipient The consequence causing by emotional and mood disturbances to oneself. Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Self The consequence causing by emotional and mood disturbances to the society. Effect of Emotional and Mood Disturbance on Society Successful in producing a desired or intended result Effective Effectiveness level of a nonpharmacological intervention. Effectiveness Level of Nonpharmacological Intervention Allergy to Egg, Egg Hypersensitivity C0559469 Egg Allergy Allergic reaction to eggs that is triggered by the immune system. From MeSH Aged Abuse, Elderly Abuse C4760646 Information about the elder abuse (emotional, nutritional, financial, or physical maltreatment, exploitation, or abandonment of the older person generally) experienced by an older person. Elder Abuse Electrolyte Imbalance, Electrolyte Disorder C0342579 Electrolyte Disturbance Higher or lower than normal values for the serum electrolytes: usually affecting Na, K, CI, Ca, CO2, BUN. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0679112 Embarrassment A feeling of self-consciousness, shame, or awkwardness. From MeSH The education about emotional and mood disturbances in dementia and related management strategies that are provided to family members of people with dementia. Emotional and Mood Disturbance Education to Family Member The disturbance in emotions and mood of people with dementia. Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Dependency, Psychological Dependence C0011546 Emotional Dependency The tendency of an individual to rely on others for advice, guidance, or support. From MeSH C0700361 The highly unpleasant emotional reaction. Emotional Distress Emotional response to an event Emotional Reactivity Psychological Support C0600015 Emotional Support Actions performed to sustain a positive affective state. From Clinical Care Classification C2922288 Nurses encourage people with dementia to communicate with other people. Encouraging Communication C2922556 The intervention that nursing staff encourage people with dementia to do physical activity. Encouraging Physical Activity Encouraging to Drink, Prompting to Drink, Encouraging Hydration, Promoting Hydration The interventon that nursing staff encourage people with dementia to drink water. Encouraging to Drink Water Encouraging to Eat, Prompting to Eat, Encouraging Nutritional Intake, Promoting Nutrition The intervention that nursing staff encourage people with dementia to eat food. Encouraging to Eat Food C1522314 The time when something/event has ceased. End Time Endocrine Disorder, Endocrine System Disease C0014130 The condition when there is too much or too little of a hormone in the bloodstream. Hormones are chemicals that are produced by glands in the endocrine system. Endocrine Imbalance Attracting a person to participate or become involved in an activity. Engaging Person in Activity Ensure that the people with dementia can see what they need to see from wherever they spend most of their time, such as putting a clock or a sign of where is the bathroom in a prominent place. Enhancing Visual Access EN Enrolled Nurse An enrolled nurse is a person who has successfully completed an education program of study accredited by the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council and approved by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. The enrolled nurse provides nursing care, working under the direction, delegation and supervision of the registed nurse. From Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation Environmental Stressor The environmental factors that may cause emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Environmental Causative Factor Environment Modification, Environmental Rearrangement, Institutional Environmental Intervention, Environment Intervention C0204546 The intervention of modifying environment of people living with dementia. Environmental Modification EP Seizure Disorder, Epileptic Disorder C0014544 Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. From MeSH Ergotherapy involves of practicing of retrained capabilities that are relevant to everyday life and of emotionally positive activities (e.g., cooking, gardening), with reference to the patient’s life history. Ergotherapy Ethnic Group, Ethnicity C0015031 Ethnic Background A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships. From MeSH Euphoric Mood in Dementia Euphoria in Dementia An exaggerated felling of physical and emotional well-being and vitality in people with dementia Effectiveness Assessment, Efficacy Assessment C0220825 The activity of evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention, after the administration of the intervention. Evaluation During the Evening C0587117 Evening The time period between late afternoon and bedtime. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Excessive Worrying C1389783 Excessive Worry Feelings of worry that interfere with a person's daily life and seem to be persistent or are excessive for the situation, or cause distress. From healthdirect.gov.au Executive Function Disorder, Executive Functioning Deficit, Impairment of Executive Functions C2748208 Executive Dysfunction Cognitive, emotional, and behavioral difficulties that often occur in conjunction with frontal lobe disorders, including traumatic injury and dementia. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Clinical Exercise Physiologist A clinical exercise physiologist is a health care professional who is specialise in clinical exercise intervention for people with a broad range of health issues. Those people may be at risk of developing, or have existing, medical conditions and injuries. Exercise Physiologist Ex-husband A man to whom someone was formerly married, from whom they are now divorced. From Oxford Languages C4715424 The activity of giving a reason for a nursing care action. Explanation of Nursing Care Combat Exposure C0557345 Information about the combat exposure of a person (a military service member) . Exposure to Combat The health care professional's behaviour of expressing his/her anger -a strong emotional feeling of displeasure. Expressing Anger of Health Care Professional The health care professional's behaviour of expressing his/her anxiety. Expressing Anxiety of Health Care Professional The health care professional's behaviour of expressing his/her depressed mood. Expressing Depression of Health Care Professional People should express gratitude when communicating with people with dementia. Expressing Gratitude C0015382 Extraversion Personality trait which reflects the extent to which an individual likes people and prefers large gatherings; is assertive, active and talkative; enjoys excitement and stimulation; and tends to have a cheerful disposition. From Psychological Index Terms Wiskow, K. M., Donaldson, J. M., & Matter, A. L. (2017). An evaluation of generalization of compliance across response types. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(4), 402-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bar0000087 Extremely successful in producing a desired or intended result Extremely Effective Ex-wife A woman to whom someone was formerly married, from whom they are now divorced. From Oxford Languages The factors that could affect the implementation of nonpharmacological interventions to emotional and mood disturbances in dementia in the long term care facility. Factor Affecting Implementation of Nonpharmacological Intervention The failure of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in people with dementia. Failure of Rehabilitation Falling, Fall Down C0085639 Fall A sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0455379 A person's family history about mental disorders. Family History of Mental Disorder Type of immigration that people choose to live in another country to join their families. Family Immigration Person in the Family C0086282 The family members of a person. Family Member The interventions targeting family members of people with dementia. Family Member Focused Intervention Family Visit The treatment that involves having family members of the person with dementia to visit him/her in the long-term care facility. Family Member Visit Surname, Last Name C1301584 Family Name Family name of person. From SNOMEDCT Family Role (History) C0680074 The role (or character) people play in family. Family Role Dad C0015671 A male parent of a person. Father Lassitude, Decreased Energy, Energy Loss, Lack of Energy, Tired, Tired All the Time, Tiredness, Tired Out, Weariness C0015672 Fatigue The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. From MeSH Fright, Afraid, Fearfulness, Frightening, Scared C0015726 Fear Emotional response or feeling characterized by being afraid, apprehensive or worried from an actual, anticipated or perceived danger or threat. From Perioperative Nursing Data Set Ablutophobia Fear of Bathing The overwhelming fear of bathing, cleaning, or washing. From Healthline https://www.healthline.com/health/ablutophobia Fear of Abandonment C3875022 The fear of a person that people close to him/her will leave. Fear of Being Abandoned Autophobia, Monophobia C1821975 Fear of Being Alone The fear of being alone or lonely. Being alone, even in a usually comforting place like home, can result in severe anxiety for people with this condition. People with autophobia feel they need another person or other people around in order to feel safe. From Healthline https://www.healthline.com/health/autophobia Fear of Crowded Places, Ochlophobia, Crowd Fear C0701849 Fear of a group of people gathered together Fear of Crowd Fear of the Dark C2939430 The fear of darkness. Fear of Dark Fall Fear C0877040 The fear of falling (lose one's balance and collapse). Fear of Falling The fear of a person about being transferred from one place to another. Fear of Transferring The distinctive attributes of manifestation of emotional and mood disturbances in dementia. Feature of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Bowel Incontinence, Anal Incontinence, Feces Incontinence, Unable to Restrain Bowel Movement, Incontinent of Stool C0015732 Fecal Incontinence Involuntary passage of stool from the rectum. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Feeling of having lost confidence or enthusiasm Feeling Discouraged Feeling of Emptiness The feeling of a lack of meaning or purpose. Feeling Empty Hoplessness, Feeling of Hopelessness, Loss of Hope for the Future C0150041 Feeling Hopeless The despair you feel when you have abandoned hope of comfort or success.From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Feeling excessively regretful for a perceived offence, real or imaginary. Feeling of Excessive Guilt Feeling Unhappy Feeling of sorrow or unhappy Feeling Sad Feeling Useless C4715182 Feeling useless, or believing that oneself has nothing valuable to offer the world Feeling Worthless Female gender of a person assigned biologically at birth. Female Festival that a person prefers to celebrate and enjoy. Festival Preference Pyrexia, Body Temperature Above Reference Range, Hyperthermai, Increased Body Temperature, Has a Temperature, High Body Temperature, Temperature Elevated, Feverish C0015967 Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process. From MeSH C0424235 The behaviour of making small movements excessively, especially of the hands and feet. Fidgeting C0424324 The behaviour of fighting. Fighting The action of finding a quiet and comfortable spot to communicate with a person with dementia. Finding a Quiet and Comfortable Spot to Communicate with Person with Dementia C2047973 Individuals who were born in a foreign country. First Generation Immigrant Allergy to Fish C0856904 Allergic reaction to fish that is triggered by the immune system. Fish Allergy Hobby of trying to catch fish. Fishing Hobby Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond. From Wikepedia Fishkeeping Hobby C2945658 Flexibility Exercise Flexibility exercises are activities that improve the ability of a joint to maintain the movement necessary for carrying out daily tasks and physical activity. From www.nhs.uk (https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/how-to-improve-strength-flexibility/) Floor Game The game that can be played on floors, e.g., floor chess game. The organized activity of folding clothes. Folding Clothes The organized activity of folding towels. Folding Towel Allergy to Food C0016470 Food allergy is an abnormal response to a food triggered by human body's immune system. From MEDLINEPLUS Food Allergy C0016483 Preference to one food over another. Food Preference Foot preference is the tendency to be more skilled and comfortable using one foot instead of the other for tasks. Foot Preference The activity that participants can pick the winning team(s) in each week of a sporting season to earn some rewards (e.g., snack, voucher but no actual money) if successful. Footy Tipping Activity Broken Bone, Bone Bracture C0016658 Fracture Breaks in bones. From MeSH The rate at which the emotional and mood disturbance performs over a particular period of time. Frequency of Manifestation Of Emotional and Mood Disturbance C0079382 The friends of a person. Friend The treatment that involves having friends of the person with dementia to visit him/her in the long-term care facility. Friend Visit FTD C0338451 Frontotemporal Dementia Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a group of primary neurodegenerative disorders primarily affecting the frontal and temporal lobes. Onset is typically insidious with a gradual and worsening course. Several syndromic variants (some with an identified genetic basis or familiarity) are described that include presentations with predominantly marked personality and behavioural changes (such as executive dysfunction, apathy, deterioration of social cognition, repetitive behaviours, and dietary changes) or with predominantly language deficits (that include semantic, agrammatic/nonfluent, and logopenic forms), or with a combination of these deficits. Memory function, psychomotor speed, as well as visuoperceptual and visuospatial abilities often remain relatively intact, particularly during the early stages of the disorder. From ICD11 version 09/2020 Feeling Frustrated C0016770 Frustration The motivational and/or affective state resulting from being blocked, thwarted, disappointed or defeated. From MeSH Abnormal Gait, Gait Problem, Gait Difficulty, Gait Disturbance, Impaired Gait, Abnormal Walk, Gait Disorder C0575081 Gait Abnormality A disorder characterized by walking difficulties. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Pathological Gambling, Compulsive Gambling C0030662 Gambling Addiction A disorder characterized by a preoccupation with gambling and the excitement that gambling with increasing risk provides. Pathological gamblers are unable to cut back on their gambling, despite the fact that it may lead them to lie, steal, or lose a significant relationship, job, or educational opportunity. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Garden A garden is a planned space, usually outdoors, set aside for the cultivation, display, and enjoyment of plants and other forms of nature. (Wikipedia) C0868963 Gardening Cultivation of plants (fruit, vegetable, medical herbs) on small plots of ground or in containers. From MeSH Hobby of gardening. Gardening Hobby GERD, GORD Gastroesophageal Reflux, Esophageal Reflux, Gastro-Esophageal Reflux, Gastric Acid Reflux Disease, Gastric Acid Reflux C0017168 Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER. From MeSH Homosexual Male C0242657 A homosexual person, used especially of a man. Gay C0017249 Identify of a person's gender assigned biologically at birth, or perceived by oneself. Gender Identity GP General Physician, General Practice Physician, Local Medical Officer (LMO) C0017319 General Practitioner Physicians whose practice is not restricted to a specific field of medicine. From MeSH Genetic Susceptibility, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Inherited Predisposition, Inherited Susceptibility C0314657 The genetic characteristics that increase the probability of having a disease or disorder. From Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) Thesaurus Genetic Predisposition GAI Geriatric Anxiety Inventory The Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) consists of 20 “Agree/Disagree” items designed to assess typical common anxiety symptoms. From Pachana, N., Byrne, G., Siddle, H., Koloski, N., Harley, E., & Arnold, E. (2007). Development and validation of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory. International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 103-114. doi: 10.1017/S1041610206003504. GDS Questionnaires Geriatric Depression Scale C0451184 Geriatric Depression Scale A standardized rating scale developed by Yesavage et al in 1983, which is a self-report assessment used to identify depression in older adults. The questionnaire contains 30 items. All questions are answered 'yes' or 'no'. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C2919619 Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form A standardized rating scale developed by Sheikh et al in 1986, which is a shorter version derived from the original GDS and used to identify depression in older adults. The questionnaire contains 15 items. All questions are answered 'yes' or 'no'. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Geriatrician, Geriatrics Specialist, Geriatric Physician, Geriatric Medicine Doctor, Griatric Medicine Specialist C0586872 Gerontologist Physicians specializing in physiological and pathological aspects of aging and the aged, including the clinical problems of senescene and senility. From MeSH GiR Get into Reading A specific literature-based intervention: all reading material is read aloud and open-ended discussion is encouraged by the project worker. Group members participate voluntarily in any way they wish. They interact in relation both to what is happening in the text itself and to what may be happening within themselves as individuals, responding to the shared presence of the text within the group. From Billington et al. 2013 A literature-based intervention for older people living with dementia Forename, First Name C1443235 Given Name Personal name used with a family name to form a full name. From SNOMEDCT Encouraging, Offering Encouragement C0582387 The intervention of giving people encouragement. Giving Encouragement People should provide instruction one step at a time when communicating with people with dementia. Giving Single Step Instruction People should give visual cues when communicating with a person with dementia. Giving Visual Cue Glare - Optical Phenomena C0278215 Glare Relatively bright light, or the dazzling sensation of relatively bright light, which produces unpleasantness or discomfort, or which interferes with optimal vision, ocular. From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed C1272277 The outcome that the goal has been achieved. Goal Achieved C1272276 The outcome that the goal has not been achieved. Goal Not Achieved Godot Syndrome Godot syndrome, named after Samuel Beckett's famous play “Waiting for Godot,” has been described as the anxiety symptoms regarding upcoming events by repeatedly asking questions in the patients with cognitive and memory impairment, mostly dementia. From Huang, Yu-Ping MD1; Hsu, Yi-Chien MD1,2; Chen, Tien-Yu MD1,2; Huang, San-Yuan MD, PhD1; Tzeng, Nian-Sheng MD1,3 Venlafaxine Treatment in the Treatment of Godot Syndrome in a Patient With Geriatric Depression and Cognitive Impairment, American Journal of Therapeutics: May/June 2020 - Volume 27 - Issue 3 - p e315-e316 doi: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000980 Golf putting game, designed in the shape of a triangle with an incline, so if the participant misses one of the five holes, the golf ball rolls back to them. Suitable for people who are less mobile, this game comes with one bright golf putting club and 4 golf balls. It can be folded away for easy storage. Golf Putting Game GBS Scale, GBS-S Gottfries-Bråne-Steen Scale The Gottfries-Bråne-Steen (GBS) Scale is a comprehensive global assessment tool for evaluating dementia symptoms and is based on a semi-structured interview and observation of the patient.The scale consists of subscales measuring intellectual (12 items), emotional (3 items) and activities of daily living, primarily items of self-care (6 items); as well as 6 items of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. From Bråne G, Gottfries CG, Winblad B. The Gottfries-Bråne-Steen scale: validity, reliability and application in anti-dementia drug trials. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2001 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-14. doi: 10.1159/000051230. PMID: 11125236. C4715140 The behaviour of grasping suddenly and roughly. Grabbing Grand Daughter C0337561 A female grandchild of a person. Granddaughter Grandpa C0337475 The father of a person's father or mother. Grandfather Grandma, Grand Mother C0337474 The mother of a person's father or mother. Grandmother Grand Son C0337573 A male grandchild of a person. Grandson C1274024 Great Granddaughter A daughter of one's grandchild. From Oxford Languagues C0337482 Great Grandfather The father of one's grandmother or grandfather. From Oxford Languages C0337481 Great Grandmother The mother of one's grandmother or grandfather. From Oxford Languages C1274023 Great Grandson A son of one's grandchild. From Oxford Languages Grief Reaction, Normal Grief Reaction to Life Event, Normal Bereavement Reaction, Greiving C0018235 Grief Normal, appropriate sorrowful response to an immediate cause. it is self-limiting and gradually subsides within a reasonable time. From MeSH Moaning C4552524 The behaviour of making a deep inarticulate sound. Groaning Nonpharmacological interventions are being administered in a group format. Group Delivery of Nonpharmacological Intervention C0234892 The behaviour of making a low, short guttural sound. Grunting Hypogeusia, Decreased Sense of Taste, Decreased Taste, Taste Diminished, Gustatory Sense Diminished C0151934 Gustatory Impairment Decreased ability to taste. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Hematological Disease, Blood Disease, Disorder of Hematopoietic System, Hemopoietic Disorder C0018939 Haematological Disease Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues. From MeSH Hemorrhage, Bleeding, Extravasation of Blood C0019080 Haemorrhage Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel. From MeSH The activity of going to a hairdressing facility for a haircut or hairdressing. Hair Appointment C0582056 Preference to hair care, such as preference for using oil on hair. Hair Care Preference C0018524 Hallucination Sensory perceptions of any modality occuring in the absence of the appropriate (external) stimulus. The person may or may not have insight into the unreal nature of the perception. From ICD-11 Hallucinogen Dependence C0018528 Hallucinogen Addiction A drug dependence for a hallucinogenic substance. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Foyer C0562499 The room or space just inside the front entrance of a house or a building. Hallway HAM-A Hamilton Anxiety Scale C5189134 Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale is a rating scale developed to measure the severity of anxiety symptoms. It consists of 14 itmes, each defined by a series of symptoms, and measures both psychic anxiety (mental agitation and psychological distress) and somatic anxiety (physical complaints related to anxiety). From Hamilton M. 1959 The assessment of anxiety states by rating. Br J Med Psychol, 32. HRSD, Ham-D, HAM-D C0451203 Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression is a clinician-administered depression assessment scale. The original verison contains 17 items. A later 21-item version included 4 items intended to subtype the depression. From Hamilton M. 1960 A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23 C0422881 Hand Preference Hand Preference is the tendency to be more skilled and comfortable using one hand instead of the other for tasks such as writing and throwing a ball. From MEDLINEPLUS Hand Rubbing C0239846 The behaviour of constant twisting of the hands of a person as an expression of distress or concern. Hand Wringing Handicraft Activity involving the making of decorative domestic or other objects by hand. From Oxford Languagues Routine time for the effective transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for some or all aspects of care for a care recipient, or care recipients, to another person or professional group on a temporary or permanent basis. Handover Time The activity that participants can enjoy drinks and appetizers at a certain period of time (e.g., 4pm-5pm). Happy Hour Activity Positive Life Event Life events of a person that are positive and enjoyable, such as a wedding. Happy Life Event The physical damage to the body of one's family member(s). Harm to Family Member The physical damage (causing by one's emotional and mood disturbances) to the body of one's friend(s). Harm to Friend The physical damage to the body of health care professionals, which are caused by emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia. Harm to Health Care Professional Harm to Other Resident The physical damage, that is caused by emotional and mood disturbances of a person with dementia, to the body of other person living in the long-term care facility. Harm to Other Care Recipient The long-term care facility should have a garden for people with dementia to use or enjoy. Having Garden The intervention of having a garden shed in the environment for people with dementia to use. Having Garden Shed The long-term care facility should have a kitchen for people with dementia to use or enjoy. Having Kitchen People should have patience when communicating with people with dementia. Having Patience There should be personal furnishings (e.g., funiture, rugs and art objects) in the environment where people with dementia live. Having Personal Furnishing There should be a personal memory box for each person with dementia that contains objects representing special time, event or person. Memory boxes can prompt conversation and provide mental and emotional stimulation. Having Personal Memory Box Having a personalised door, especially bedroom doors Having Personalised Door Consistency of Daily Routine, Structured Daily Routine The intervention of having a regular routine for a person with dementia. Having Regular Routine Having Clothesline The intervention of having washing line (clothesline) in the environment of long-term care facility. Having Washing Line A health assessment looks at a person's health, physical, psychological and social function. Health Assessment Health Professional, Healthcare Professional C1704312 All service providers working within the context of the health system, such as doctors, nurses, physiotherapists and medical social workers. Health Care Professional The interventions targeting health care professionals delivering care to people with dementia. Health Care Professional Focused Intervention Staff Recognition Program, Employee Recognition Program, Employee Rewarding and Recognition Program Health care professional recognition programs are organizational initiatives to reward its staff for achievement, new behaviors, anniversaries and milestones. Health Care Professional Recognition Program Perception of Sound, Audition C0018767 Hearing Ability The ability of sensing and transducing acoustic stimulation to the central nervious system. From MeSH People should help people with dementia find words for self-expression when communicating with them. Helping People with Dementia Find Words for Self Expression Normal Sexual State, Heterosexaul, Straight, Heterosexual State C0019421 Heterosexuality The sexual attraction or relationship between members of the opposite sex. From MeSH The behaviour of inappropriately hiding things, such as dirty clothes and used incontinence aids. Hiding Object Wiskow, K. M., Donaldson, J. M., & Matter, A. L. (2017). An evaluation of generalization of compliance across response types. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(4), 402-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bar0000087 Very Effective Very successful in producing a desired or intended result Highly Effective Personal History of Arthritis C0260477 Personal history of arthritis. History of Arthritis Personal History of Asthma Personal history of asthma, which is a chronic respiratory disease manifested as difficulty breathing due to the narrowing of bronchial passageways. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus History of Asthma Individual Cancer History, Personal History of Cancer C1512706 History of Cancer A person's medical background regarding the occurrence of cance and cancer-related problems. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C2051649 History that the person was observed to choke. History of Choking History of Chronic Illness, Personal History of Chronic Health Condition Information about health conditions that persist over a significant span of time. History of Chronic Health Condition History of COPD History of Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease, Personal History of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Personal history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. From MEDLINEPLUS History of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease History informatio about constipation of a person. History of Constipation Personal History of Diabetes, History of Diabetes Mellitus Personal history of diabetes, which is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. (MeSH) History of Diabetes C1561668 History of a person's fall. History of Fall C0455587 Information about history of a person's head injury. History of Head Injury Personal History of Heart Disease Personal history of heart disease. History of Heart Disease Personal History of Heart Failure Personal history of heart failure. History of Heart Failure History of Hypercholesterolemia, Personal History of High Cholesterol, History of Elevated Cholesterol Personal history of abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. History of High Cholesterol Personal History of Hypertension, History of Hypertensive Disease Personal history of abnormally high blood pressure. History of Hypertension Personal History of Kidney Disease, History of Disorder of Kidney Personal history of kidney disease. History of Kidney Disease Medication History, Drug History C5238735 History of Medication A history of the medication that the patient has taken. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Personal History of Mental and Behavioral Disorder C2977653 A personal history of mental and behavioral disorders. History of Mental Health Personal History of Obesity Personal history of obesity. History of Obesity Personal History of Oral Disease A personal history of oral disease. History of Oral Disease Personal History of Osteoporosis C3532614 Personal history of osteoporosis, which is a condition marked by a decrease in bone mass and density, causing bones to become fragile. History of Osteoporosis Pain History A person's history of pain. History of Pain History of Sleep Disorder, Personal History of Sleep Disorder Personal history of abnormality of sleep. History of Sleep Disturbance History of Taking Illicit Drug Information about a person's history of taking illicit drugs (drugs that are manufeatured, obtained, or sold illegally). History of Taking Illicit Medication History of Taking Non-prescribed Drug Information about a person's history of taking nonprescribed drug. History of Taking Non-prescribed Medication History of Taking Prescription Drug A person's history information about what prescription drugs taken. History of Taking Prescription Medication Hitting Other Person, Striking, Lashing C0562583 The behaviour of hitting other person. Hitting The behaviour of accumulating objects and hiding or storing away, such as accumulating toilet paper. Hoarding C0019826 Hobby Leisure activities engaged in for pleasure. From MeSH Homeopathic Therapy, Homeopathic Remedy C0684199 Homeopathy A system of therapeutics founded by Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843), based on the Law of Similars where "like cures like". Diseases are treated by highly diluted substances that cause, in healthy persons, symptoms like those of the disease to be treated. From MeSH Homesick C0850008 Homesickness Homesickness is the distress caused by being away from home. From Wikipedia Garden Therapy, Gardening Therapy, Therapeutic Horticulture C0454057 Horticultural Therapy A therapeutic approach in which the engagement of a person in gardening and plant-based activities are utilized in proving an individual's social, emotional, educational, psychological, and physical well-being. From MeSH A standardized survey developed and copyrighted by A. S. Zigmond and R. P. Snaith in 1983, 1992, 1994 and published in the Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica journal (A.S. Zigmond and R.P. Snaith. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta psychiart. scand. 1983, 67:361-370) which is used to detect depression and anxiety in individuals in a hospital or medical outpatient clinic. This instrument is a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 14 items that assess how the individual has felt over the past week. Each item as 4 response options that are associated with a score of 0 to 3. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Questionnaire C3539657 Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale C0234879 The behaviour of making a long, doleful cry or wailing sound. Howling Humor Facilitation C0597811 Humor Therapy Facilitating the people to perceive, appreciate, and express what is funny, amusing, or ludicrous in order to establish relationships, relieve tension, release anger, facilitate learning, or cope with painful feelings. From the U.S. Nursing Interventions Classification Thesaurus Hungry, Food Hunger C0020175 The desire for food Hunger C0242664 The male partner in marriage. Husband C0020443 Hypercholesterolemia A condition with abnormally high levels of cholesterol in the blood. From MeSH C0151718 Hypocholesterolemia Abnormally diminished amount of cholesterol in the blood. From The Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) Thesaurus Identifying Precipitant of Behaviour, Identifying Leading Event Identifying the antecedent event or events that lead to the behaviour of concern Identifying Antecedant of Behaviour Setting Health Care Goal, Identifying Goals of Care, Identifying Healthcare Goal C1821661 Identifying Care Goal Identifying and agreeing to goals of care is to develop a shared understanding between care recipients, family, carers, other support people and the clinicians in the multidisciplinary team. From the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care Identifying the impact of the behaviour on the person, staff, other people and the environment. Identifying Consequence of Behaviour The activity of identifying people who have been affected by an event. Identifying People Affected Identifying people involved in the manifestation of emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia Identifying People Involved Identifying the time of manifestation of behaviour Identifying Time of Behaviour The activity of identifying witnesses who have actually seen an event. Identifying Witness Identifying the location that the behaviour is manifested Identifying Location of Behaviour Information about the illness of a person's family member. Illness in Family Member Status of immigrant generation - which generation. Immigrant Generation Status Information of a person's immigration. Immigration Information Type of immigration. Immigration Type Impairment in Social Functioning C0679477 The limitations of an individual with his/her environment and the ability to fulfill his/her role within such environment due to the illness. Impaired Social Functioning The general care goal of improving the quality of life of other people who are around a person with emotional and mood disturbances. Improving Quality of Life of Other People The general goal of improving quality of life of a person with emotional and mood disturbances. Improving Quality of Life of Person with Emotional and Mood Disturbance Inappropriately Dressed C0424472 The behaviour of wearing clothes that are not suitable or proper in the circumstances. Inappropriate Dressing Inappropriate Gesture The behaviour of making an obsene gesture - a movement or position of the body, especially a hand, the face or the arm - that is considered offensive or vulgar. Sexually Inappropriate Behaviour C0474420 The behaviour that is a sexual act which is inappropriate within the context in which it is performed. From Hooren and Waterink 2015 "Uncontrolled Sexual Behaviour in Dementia" DOI:10.5772/59979 Inappropriate Sexual Behaviour Inappropriate Disrobing The behaviour of taking off clothes in the inappropriate circumstances. Inappropriate Undressing The behaviour of handling objects inappropriately, such as dumping water jug, and twisting phone card. Inappropriately Handling Object C0021167 Incontinence Involuntary passage of stool or unrine from the body. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C3840648 The increasing of one's desire to eat food. Increase in Appetite Increased reliance on other people for assistance Increased Dependence On Other People Increased Emergency Room Admission The increased admission to the emergency department of a hospital. Increased Emergency Department Admission Increased Health Cost Increased the actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. Increased Health Care Cost Increased Health Care Utilization Increased the use of health care services by persons for preventing and curing health problems. Increased Health Care Utilisation Increased Admission to Hospital The increased admission to a hospital. Increased Hospital Admission Increased Hospitalization The times of being treated in a hospital are increased. Increased Hospitalisation Emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia may increase the risk of accidental injury, such as fall. Increased Risk of Accidental Injury The emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia may increase the risk of elder abuse. Increased Risk of Elder Abuse C0679168 Being unable to decide, conclude, or resolve something. Indecisiveness Emotional Indifference Not showing or feeling interest Indifferenct Emotion Dyspepsia C0013395 Indigestion Impaired digestion, especially after eating. From MeSH Nonpharmacological interventions are being administered in an individual format. Individual Delivery of Nonpharmacological Intervention C3714514 Infection Invastion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or disease. From MeSH Information about Activities of Daily Life, Information about Daily Routine Information about the basic activities of daily life, such as dressing, or eating. Information about Activity of Daily Living Information about how a person care his/her continence, e.g., toileting or using continence aids. Information about Continence Care Information about the way a person eats, such as, eating routine and eating environment (e.g., breakfast in bed, eating meal in front of television, eating meal outside). Information about Eating Information about Ambulating, Information about Transferring Information about how a person to move from one position to another, e.g., walk independently. Information about Mobility Information of a person's clothes and appearance, such as, dressing habit. Information about Personal Grooming Information about how a person bathe and groom oneself and maintain dental, hygiene, nail, and hair care. Information about Personal Hygiene Information about sleep of a person, such as, sleeping pattern (e.g., sleeping late and waking up early), and sleep environment. Information about Sleep The act of informing the legal representative of a person with dementia. Informing Legal Representative Reporting to Doctor, Notifying Doctor, Informing Doctor, Informing GP C0582446 Informing Medical Practitioner Actions performed to communicate with a physician/provider. From Clinical Care Classification Contacting Nurse, Reporting to Nurse C0204646 Informing Nurse Actions performed to communicate with another nurse. From Clinical Care Classification People should always inform a person with dementia before going into his/her personal space to implement care. Informing Person with Dementia Before Going into Personal Space Talking to Relative, Speaking to Relative C0582447 The act of informing the relative of a person with dementia. Informing Relative Traumatic Injury C3263723 Injury Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Allergy to Insect C4759911 Insect Allergy Bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants are the most common stinging insects that cause an allergic reaction. Non-stinging insects can also cause allergic reactions. The most common are cockroaches and the insect-like dust mite. Allergies to these two insects may be the most common cause of year-round allergy and asthma. From Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America https://www.aafa.org/types-of-allergies/ C0233497 Insecurity Uncertainty or anxiety that things are not fixed or safe. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0237677 Insensitivity Lack of concern for others' feelings. From Oxford Languages Sleeplessness, Insomnia Disorder, Diffculty Staying or Falling Asleep C0917801 Insomnia A sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep and/or remaining sleep. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Institutional Constraint Legal or other restrictions placed by the institution for care recipients and workers to follow. Institutional Restriction Poor Lighting C4061117 The inadequate lighting. Insufficient Lighting Interaction with Other Resident Social interaction with other care recipients living in the same long-term care facility, e.g., talking about current affairs with other care recipients. Interaction with Other Care Recipient The behaviour of interfering with other people's belongings. Interfering with Other People Belonging Intergenerational Care Intergenerational care is one form of intervention which may offer benefits to the care home environment and its residents by engaging people with dementia in new relationships and activities with younger people. From Chandler and Gillin, 2020, Dementia in care homes: Using an intergenerational programme to support engagement, community inclusion and positive care environments. Alzheimer's and Dementia. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.039874 Internet Intervention, Online Intervention, Web-based Intervention C3898714 Internet-Based Intervention Any program that uses the internet to alter, modify, or eliminate a behavior. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Video Game Addiction, Internet Gaming Disorder C4760905 Internet Gaming Addiction The problematic, compulsive use of video games that results in significant impairment to an individual's ability to function in various life domains over a prolonged period of time. From Wikipedia Interpersonal Stressor Interpersonal factors that may cause emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Interpersonal Causative Factor C0871787 Interpersonal Psychotherapy Interpersonal modification of psychodynamic psychotherapy. Therapy is present-focused and seeks to resolve problems in interpersonal relations. Aspects of attachment theory are used to analyze how past relationships affect current relationships. From MeSH C0150646 Interpreter Someone who mediates between speakers of different languages. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Interventional Procedure, Intervention Strategy C0184661 The actual treatments and actions that are performed to treat, or improve emotional and mood disturbances of a person with dementia. Intervention The intrapersonal factors that may cause emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Intrapersonal Causative Factor People should introduce oneself for people with dementia who are unable to remember their names. Introducing Self for People Who are Unable to Remember Name C0021924 Introversion People with introversion personality trait feel more comfortable focusing on their inner thoughts and ideas, rather than what's happening externally. From https://www.webmd.com/balance/introvert-personality-overview Involving Resident in Planning Care The activity of involving the care recipient in care planning. Involving Care Recipient in Care Planning The activity of involving the representative of a care recipient in care planning. Involving Legal Representative in Care Planning Irritable Mood, Fussiness, Feeling Irritable C0022107 Irritability Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience. From MeSH Itch of Skin, Itching, Itchy, Pruritus of Skin, Pruritic Disorder, Pruritic Dermatitis, Scratching Skin, Pruritus C0033774 Itch of Skin An irritating feeling that produces the desire to scratch. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Japanese Garden Intervention Japanese garden intervention is a nonpharmacological intervention that people with dementia stay in a Japanese garden twice a week for 15 minutes. From Goto et al. 2014 Differential responses of individuals with late-stage dementia to two novel environments: a multimedia room and an interior garden. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 42:3 Telling inappropriate jokes excessively Joking Excessively C2371406 The behaviour of hitting or striking someone or something with the foot. Kicking C0557653 Kitchen A room or part of a room used for cooking and food preparation. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0868977 The activity that yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric. Knitting Activity Hobby of knitting. Knitting Hobby KUSTA KurzSkala Stimmung/Aktivierung Rating Scale KurzSkala Stimmung/Aktivierung KUSTA (Kurz-Skala Stimmung/Aktivierung) is a daily self-rating scale for depressive patients. From Wendt G, Binz U, Müller AA. KUSTA (Kurz-Skala Stimmung/Aktivierung): a daily self-rating scale for depressive patients. Pharmacopsychiatry. 1985 Jan;18(1):118-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-1017337. PMID: 3991800. LGBTQ is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer. LGBTQ C1845268 The lack of communication of a person with others. Lack of Communication Diminished Concern A person is lack of caring in different aspects of life events. Lack of Concern Reduced emotional reactivity, Less Emotional, Emotional Blunting C3160924 The lack of emotional reactivity. Lack of Feeling Emotion Health care professional may be lacking in knowledge about dementia care. Lack of Knowledge of Dementia Care The lack of activities that are pleasurable and enjoyable for people with dementia. Lack of Pleasurable Activity The lack of daily routine that can be predicted by people with dementia. Lack of Predictable Daily Routine Actual Lack of Privacy C2712041 The state of being not free from intrusion or disturbance in one's daily life. Lack of Privacy A person may have a deficit in spatial awareness, such as difficulties pinpointing the location of something they see, hear, or feel. Lack of Spatial Awareness C1822592 The decreased spontaneous action. For instance, an apathetic person will eat or drink if food is supplied but may make little effort to prepare food spontaneously. Lack of Spontaneity The lack of visual signs/signals in the environment for serving people. Lack of Visual Cue in Environment Information about languages used by a person and if he/she needs an interpreter to communicate with others. Language Information Natural Rubber Latex Allergy, Rubber Latex Allergy, Allergy to Rubber C0577628 Latex Allergy A latex allergy is an allergic reaction to natural rubber latex. Natural rubber latex gloves, balloons, condoms and other natural rubber products contain latex. An allergy to latex can be a serious health risk. From Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America https://www.aafa.org/types-of-allergies/ Excessive Laughing C2215618 Expressively show happy emotions Laughing Excessively A room where clothes, sheets, and towels are washed and dried. Laundry Room Legal Representative An individual who is designated to act on behalf of persons who are considered incapable of acting in their own behalf. From MeSH Lego Therapy The activities of using lego building blocks. Lego Activity Homosexual Female C1533642 Lesbian A woman whose physical, emotional, or romantic attraction is to other women. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Pay less attention to one's surrounding environment Less Attention to Surrounding Environment Less Likely to engage in a conversation with someone Less Likely to Engage in Conversation Less Likely to start having a onversation with someone Less Likely to Initiate Conversation The act of cooperating with the legal representative of a person with dementia on a matter of mutual concern. Liaising with Legal Representative Liaising with Physician C4041416 The act of cooperating with the medical practitioner of a person with dementia on a matter of mutual concern. Liaising with Medical Practitioner C4041532 The act of cooperating with the pharmacist of a person with dementia on a matter of mutual concern. Liaising with Pharmacist C1279781 The act of cooperating with relatives of a person with dementia on a matter of mutual concern. Liaising with Relative Lifestyle, Life Pattern C0023676 Life Style Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed BLT Phototherapy, Photoradiation Therapy, Illumination Therapy C0031765 Light Therapy Treatment of disease by exposure to light, especially by various concentrated light rays or specific wavelengths. From MeSH LARS Lille Apathy Rating Scale The Lille Apathy Rating Scale (LARS) is based on a structured interview. It includes 33 items, divided into nine domains. Responses are scored on a dichotomous scale. The participants used to validate the scale consisted of 159 patients with probable Parkinson's disease and 58 healthy control subjects. From Sockeel, P et al. “The Lille apathy rating scale (LARS), a new instrument for detecting and quantifying apathy: validation in Parkinson's disease.” Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry vol. 77,5 (2006): 579-84. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.075929 Talking Book Activity The activity of listening to an audiobook or a talking book. Listening to Audiobook The intervention of listening to the classical music, such as music composed by Beethoven, Bach and Mozart. Listening to Classical Music The intervention of listening to the music that is familiar to a person. Listening to Familiar Music The intervention of listening to the personal perferred music, e.g., folk songs from childhood. Listening to Preferred Music The activity of listening to the radio. Listening to Radio Hobby of listening to the radio. Listening to Radio Hobby The intervention of listening to relaxing music. Listening to Relaxing Music The location (place) of manifestation of emotional and mood disturbances. Location of Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Medications that are not in use should be locked up to provent the medication misuse. Locking Up Medication When not in Use Feeling Lonely C0023974 Feeling sad and unhappy as a result of lack of companionship or being separated from others. Loneliness A person may do not move his/her body for long periods of time. Long Period of Inactivity Dignity Loss Losing the capability for self-determination, sensing hopelessness and worthlessness in a shroud of illness, and being situated in surroundings that enhanced their sense of disconnection. From Jinnan Xiao, Marques S. N. Ng, Tingting Yan, Ka Ming Chow, Carmen W. H. Chan. (2021) How patients with cancer experience dignity: An integrative review. Psycho-Oncology 30:8, pages 1220-1231. Loss of Dignity Fatigue, Tiredness, Weariness, Lacking in Energy, Tired Out C0015672 Loss of Energy The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. From MeSH Independence Loss C0946204 The loss of independence of a person. Loss of Independence Diminished Interest, Lack of Interest, Decreased Interest, Disinterest, Be disinterested in C0424091 The loss of the feeling of wanting to know or learn about something or someone. Loss of Interest The loss of interest in eating food. Loss of Interest in Eating Food The loss of feeling of want to know and pay attention to one's own family. Loss of Interest in Family The loss of feeling of want to know and pay attention to one's own friends. Loss of Interest in Friend C1562291 The loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities. Loss of Interest in Previously Enjoyable Activity Loss of Sex Drive, Diminishing Sexual Interest, Loss of Sexual Desire C2981158 Loss of sex drive Loss of Libido Lack of Motivation, Diminished Motivation, Reduction of Goal Directed Behaviour C0456814 Loss of Motivation A reduction in goal-directed behavior, that is, motivation, the determinant of behavior and adaptation that allows individuals to get started, be energized to perform a sustained and directed action. From HPO: probinson, PMID: 16030444 C2185938 The loss of the happy feeling. Loss of Pleasure C4295455 The loss of positive affect or pleasure in response to usually pleasurable activities. Loss of Pleasure from Usually Pleasuable Activity Lack of Self-Esteem, Low Self-Esteem C0424219 Loss of self-esteem is when an individual lacks confidence about who he/she is and what he/she can do. Loss of Self-Esteem Lounge, Lounge Environment, Lounge Area C0557644 A room or area in the long-term care facility for general everyday use Lounge Room Midday Meal Time C0585039 The time of people having midday meal. Lunch Time Making Patient Bed C0204676 The intervention of making one's bed by pulling up and tidying the covers on a bed. Making Bed The behaviour of making very strange or unusual noise. Making Bizarre Noise Making Pager Easy to Reach The intervention of making the buzzer easy to reach. Making Buzzer Easy to Reach Make exists less obvious to reduce the risk that a person with dementia may wander away from the facility Making Exit Less Obvious Male gender of a person assigned biologically at birth. Male Undernutrition, Nutritional Deficiency, Malnourishment, C0162429 Malnutrition An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement. From MeSH A person, who regardless of their sex assigned at birth, identifies as a man. Man The activities conducted for managing emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Management Activity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Treatment Outcome, Outcome of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Treatment The result of intervention for emotional and mood disturbances in a person with dementia. Management Outcome of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia The manifestation of addiction. Manifestation of Addiction The manifestation of physical and psychological dependence on alcohol. Manifestation of Alcohol Addiction The performance of allergic reaction. Manifestation of Allergy Presentation of Anxiety in Dementia, Expression of Anxiety in Dementia The actions of a person with dementia that clearly show the anxiety. Manifestation of Anxiety in Dementia Presentation of Apathy in Dementia, Expression of Apathy in Dementia The actions of a person with dementia that clearly show the apathy. Manifestation of Apathy in Dementia The manifestation of physical and psychological dependence on the drug cannabis. Manifestation of Cannabis Addiction Presentation of Depression in Dementia, Expression of Depression in Dementia, Depressive Behaviour The actions of a person with dementia that clearly show the depression. Manifestation of Depression in Dementia The performance of allergic reactions to a pharmaceutical product. Manifestation of Drug Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to eggs. Manifestation of Egg Allergy Presentation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia, Expression of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia, Sign of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia The actions of a person with dementia that clearly show the emotional and mood disturbances. Manifestation of Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Presentation of Euphoria in Dementia, Expression of Euphoria in Dementia The actions of a person with dementia that clearly show the euphoria. Manifestation of Euphoria in Dementia The performance of allergic reactions to fish. Manifestation of Fish Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to a type of food. Manifestation of Food Allergy The manifestation of gambling addiction. Manifestation of Gambling Addiction The manifestation of drug dependence for a hallucinogenic substance. Manifestation of Hallucinogen Addiction The performance of allergic reactions to insects, e.g., bees, wasps, hornet, and yellow jackets. Manifestation of Insect Allergy The manifestation of internet gaming addiction. Manifestation of Internet Gaming Addiction The performance of allergic reactions to natural rubber latex. Manifestion of Latex Allergy The performance of allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. Manifestation of Milk Allergy Manifestation of Mold Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to the spores of molds or other fungi. Manifestation of Mould Allergy The manifestation of nicotine addiction. Manifestation of Nicotine Addiction The manifestation of addiction to opioids. Manifestation of Opioid Addiction The performance of allergic reactions to peanuts. Manifestation of Peanut Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to pets with fur, e.g., cats and dogs. Manifestation of Pet Allergy Manifestation of Hay Fever The performance of allergic reactions to pollen released by trees, grasses and weeds. Manifestation of Pollen Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to shellfish or shellfish products. Manifestation of Shellfish Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to soybean or soybean products. Manifestation of Soybean Allergy The manifestation of addiction to stimulants which are a class of drugs, such as caffeine, amphetamines, and cocaine. Manifestation of Stimulant Addiction The performance of allergic reactions to tree nut (e.g., walnut and hazelnut) or tree nut products. Manifestation of Tree Nut Allergy The performance of allergic reactions to wheat. Manifestation of Wheat Allergy C0024819 Marital Status A demographic parameter indicating a person's status with respect to marriage, divorce, widowhood, singleness, etc. From MeSH Preference of a certain massage in terms of massage method and location of the body Massage Preference Massage C3536731 Massage Therapy A treatment in which the soft tissues of the body are kneaded, rubbed, tapped, and stroked. Massage therapy may help people relax, relieve stress and pain, lower blood pressure, and improve circulation. It is being studied in the treatment of cancer symptoms such as lack of energy, pain, swelling, and depression. From the U.S. National Cancer Insitute Thesaurus The activity of matching socks. Matching Socks C0262926 Medical History A collection of information about a person's health. It may include information about allergies, illness and surgeris, and dates and results of physical exams, tests, screenings, and immunizations. It may also include information about medicines taken and about diet and exercise. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Medical Condition, Illness, Sickness C0221423 Medical Illness A state of ill health, bodily malfunction, or discomfort. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Physician C1306754 Medical Practitioner Medical Practitioner means a person registered or licensed as a medical practitioner under a law of a State or Territory that provides for the registration or licensing of medical practititioners. From Australian Government Department of Health C1549712 Medicare number of a person. Medicare Number Change of Medication C0580105 The changes of medications prescribed for a person. Medication Change Medication Response C1319171 Medication Effect Therapeutic and adverse effects of prescribed medication. From Nursing Outcome Classification Drug Interaction, Drug-Drug Interaction C0687133 Medication Interaction The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug. From MeSH Adverse Reaction to Drug, Drug Side Effect, Medication Adverse Effect, Medication Adverse Reaction, Adverse Drug Reaction, Drug-Induced Side Effect C0041755 Medication Side Effect Any detrimental or unintended response associated with the use of a medication in humans. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Memory Deficit, Poor Memory, Bad Memory, Memory Problem, Memory Disturbance, Memory Disorder, Disturbance of Memory, Impairment Memory, Impaired Memory, Memory Loss C0233794 Memory Impairment Deterioration in memory function. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Memory Skills Training C0729377 Memory Training Enhancement strategies to improve duration and retention of information. From MeSH Mental Illness, Psychiatric Disorder, Psychiatric Disease, Psychiatric Illness C0004936 Mental Disorder Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function. From MeSH MD Metabolic Disorder, Metabolism Disorder C0025517 Metabolic Disease Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. From MeSH C0332172 Midnight The middle period of the night. From Stanford Languages Early Stage of Dementia, Early Dementia C3494623 The early stage of dementia. People with mild dementia may still be able to function independently. However, they may experience memory lapses and occastional confusion and lapse in judgement that affect daily life. Mild Dementia Milk Hypersensitivity, Allergy to Milk C0079840 Milk Allergy Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. From MeSH C0260173 Mind-Body Therapy Treatment methods or techniques which are based on the knowledge of mind and body interactions. These techniques can be used to reduce the feeling of tension and effect of stress, and to enhance the physiological and psychological well-being of an individual. From MeSH MINI Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview C4505426 Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was designed as a brief structured diagnostic interview for the major psychiatric disorders in DSM-III-R, DSM-IV and DSM-5 and ICD-10. From Harm Research Institute, https://harmresearch.org/mini-international-neuropsychiatric-interview-mini/ The activity of shopping in a mini supermarket that is normally located inside the long-term care facility or set up regulary e.g., once a week. Mini Mart Activity MMSE Mini Mental State Exam, Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination, Folstein Mini-Mental Status Exam, Mini Mental Status Exame C0451306 Mini-Mental Sate Examination A standardized and structured interview originally developed by Marshal Folstein, Susan Folstein and Paul McHugh (Journal of Psychiatric Research 1975), which is used to evaluate an individual's cognitive function. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus A person may miss his/her family and feel sad because he/she cannot see his/her family members. Missing Family Middle Stage of Dementia C3494871 The middle stage of dementia. People with moderate dementia may experience greater memory loss and significant personality and behaviour changes. They may need assistance with daily tasks, such as bathing and grooming. Moderate Dementia Wiskow, K. M., Donaldson, J. M., & Matter, A. L. (2017). An evaluation of generalization of compliance across response types. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(4), 402-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bar0000087 Moderately successful in producing a desired or intended result Moderately Effective Allergy to Mold C1096734 Mold Allergy Mold and mildew are fungi. Since fungi grow in so many places, both indoors and outdoors, allergic reactions can occur year round. From Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America https://www.aafa.org/types-of-allergies/ Patient Monitoring, Medical Monitoring, Monitor Patient, Monitoring Patient, Monitoring of Patient C0030695 Monitoring The act of observing a disease, condition, or medical parameter over time. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Observing and checking that a person is taking his/her medication Monitoring Person Taking Medication The tedious sameness and uniformity of the environment in the long-term care facility. Monotony of Long Term Care Facility Environment Montessori Method, Montessori Approach Montessori Approach of caregiving for dementia has a similar goal of engaging the senses in order to help person with dementia rediscover the world around them. Providing the most effective care means maximizing the opportunities these individuals have to reconnect with a world they are losing access to. Montessori Intervention MADRS Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale Questionnaire C4054475 Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale A standardized rating scale developed by Montgomery and Asberg in in 1978, which is used to measure the severity of depressive symptoms in patients with depression. The questionnaire contains 10 items on a scale of 0 to 6. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Emotional Instability, Mood Change, Emotional Lability, Altered Mood, Labile Mood, Unstable Mood C0085633 Mood Swing Tendency to dispaly unpredictable and rapidly changing emotions or moods. From PsycINFO Thesaurus Moral Framework Moral framework is understood in general as a set of reasonable and coherent moral beliefs and principles that distinguish a group of people, a culture, or common and accepted values in society. From Frederick, R. (1999). A companion to business ethics. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. In the Morning, During Morning C0332170 Morning The time period between dawn and noon. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Mum C0026591 A female parent of a person. Mother Motor Tension A state of muscle tension in which the individual is restless and tires easily. This symptom is associated with generalized anxiety disorder. From American Psychological Association Dictionary of Psychology MOSES Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects The Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES) was designed to provide a short yet multidimensional assessment procedure that can be completed by regular staff members without resident cooperation in most geriatric care settings. From Edward Helmes, Kalman G. Csapo, Judith-ann Short, Standardization and Validation of the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subject, Journal of Gerontology, Volume 42, Issue 4, July 1987, Pages 395–405, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/42.4.395 MSS Multisensory Stimulation Intervention, Multisensory Intervention, Psychotherapeutic Rehab Cognitive Multisensory Stimulation C4480123 Multisensory Stimulation An intervention that stimulates two or more human faculties, via visual, tactile, auditory or olfactory stimuli. From Cheng et al. 2019 Use of multisensory stimulation interventions in the treatment of major neurocognitive disorders, in Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29:4 Hobby that related to music, such as listenning to music and writing songs. Music Hobby The intervention that caregivers sing during assisting a person with dementia to move from one position to another. From Gotell et al. 2012 Can caregiver singing improve person transfer situations in dementia care? Music and Medicine 4:4 Music Therapeutic Caregiving C0586937 Music Therapist Music therapiests use music interventions to assess clients' strengths and needs, develop goals, implement services, and evaluate and document progress for individuals of all ages. Music therapists facilitate changes in physical, cognitive, emotional, and/or psychosocial health. From The U.S. National Uniform Claim Committee - Health Care Provider Taxonomy MT Musical Intervention, Music Intervention C0026868 Music Therapy The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as the clinical and evidenc-based use of music intervention to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program. From American Music Therapy Association 2005 C1510558 Native Language Language that a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period. From Wikipedia The training that is provided to health care professionals about the nature of BPSD (behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia). Nature of BPSD Training C0027497 Nausea An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. From MeSH C1278519 Information about - if a person need of an interpreter to assist the conversation between this person with others. Need for Interpreter Demonstrated Behavior Negativism C0027562 Negativism State of mind or behavior characterized by extreme skepticism and persistent opposition or resistance to outside suggestions or advice. From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994 Care recipients are neglected (involving poor care or breached of duty that cause care recipients to suffer) by health care professional. Neglect by Health Care Professional C0337579 Nephew A son of one's brother or sister. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0260039 Nephrologist Qualified medical professionals who specialize in treating kidney disease. From MeSH Neurological Examination, Neurologic Examination, Assessing Neurological Performance, Assessing Neurological Satus C0027853 Neurological Assessment The assessment of the functionality of the brain, spinal column, and nerves. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Peripheral Neuropathy, Nerve Disorder C0442874 Neuropathy A disorder affecting the cranial nerves or the peripheral nervous system. It manifests with pain, tingling, numbness, and muscle weakness. It may be the result of physical injury, toxic substances, viral diseases, diabetes, renal failure, cancer, and drugs. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus NPI Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questiojnnaire, Neuropsychiatric Interview C3539727 The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was developed by Cummings et al. to access dementia-related behavioural symptoms. The NPI originally examined 10 sub-domains of behavioural functioning: delusions, hallucinations, agitation/aggression, dysphoria, anxiety, euphoria, apathy, disinhibition, irritability/lability, and aberrant motor activity. Two more sub-domains have been added since its development: night-time behavioural disturbances and appetite and eating abnormalities. Neuropsychiatric Inventory NPI-C Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Clinician Rating Scale Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Clinician Rating Scale is an assessment tool of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. It is a revised version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), including expanded domains and items, and a clinician rating methodology. It was developed by Medeiros et al. in 2010. NPI-NH Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Nursing Home (NPI-NH) Version was developed to help characterize the neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychopathology of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementia when the patients are residents in extended care facilities or other care settings where information is gathered from health care professionals. The NPI-NH was derived from the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), which was originally developed for the assessment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and psychopathology in community-dwelling patients where information was obtained from family caregivers. The content of the questions of the NPI and NPI-NH are identical but have been rephrased appropriately. In addition, the caregiver distress scale of the NPI has been changed to an occupational disruptiveness scale for the NPI-NH to allow an assessment of the impact of behavioral disturbances on professional caregivers. Neuropsychiatric Inventory - Nursing Home Version C5241305 Nicotine Addiction Nicotine addiction occurs when a person becomes addicted to nicotine, which is a chemical found in tobacco. From HealthLine.com C0337578 Niece A daughter of one's brother or sister. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus At Night, Nocturnal, Night Time C0240526 Night The time in every 24 hour period when it is dark. From the U.Sl. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Dream Anxiety Disorder, Nightmare, Paroniria C3887605 Nightmare Disorder A sleep disorder characterized by the repeated occurrence of frightening dreams which precipitate awakenings from sleep; on wakening, the individual becomes fully alert and oriented and has detailed recall of the nightmare, which usually involves imminent danger or extreme embarrassment to the individual. From the U.S. Nationa Cancer Institute Thesaurus Ambient Noise C0028263 Noise Undesired sound, especially a random mix of different frequencies. From CRISP Thesaurus Reducing Noise, Control of Noise C1822204 The control or reduce undesirable or excessive noise. Noise Control The noise from air conditioner. Noise from Air Conditioner The noise from a lawn mower, that is also known as a mower and grass cutter. Noise from Lawn Mower The noise from medical equipments. Noise from Medical Equipment The noise from other people in the long term care facility. Noise from Other People The noise from televisions. Noise from TV The sudden loud, sharp noise from door banging. Noise of Door Banging Gender identity that is outside of the man/woman gender binary. Non-Binary Environmental and Psychosocial Intervention, Psychological, Behavioral, and Environmental Intervention, Non-drug Intervention, Nonpharmacologic Treatment, Nonpharmacological Treatment, Nonpharmacotherapeutic Intervention The intervention which does not use drugs. Nonpharmacological Intervention The training that is provided to health care professionals about nonpharmacological intervention. Nonpharmacological Intervention Training Health Care Professional's Knowledge in Nonpharmacological intervention The health care professionals' knowledge of using non-drug approaches. Nonpharmacological Treatment Knowledge of Health Care Professional Wiskow, K. M., Donaldson, J. M., & Matter, A. L. (2017). An evaluation of generalization of compliance across response types. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(4), 402-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bar0000087 Not producing intended results Not Effective C2229974 Number of children a person has. Number of Children Nursing Personnel, Professional Nurse C0028661 Nurse Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health. From MeSH NP C0028657 Nurse Practitioner Nurse Practitioners (NPs), are registered nurses with additional education and experience who are able to order and interpret diagnostic tests, communicate diagnoses, prescribe pharmaceuticals and perform specific procedures. From SNOMEDCT Nurse Manager A nursing manager is responsible for supervising nursing staff in a clinical setting. Nursing Manager Nursing Care Intervention, General Nursing Care C0204650 The basic care practices that nurses can provide to intervene the emotional and mood disturbances in dementia Nursing Practice Intervention Nurse Station, Nurse's Station, Nurse Office C0179662 Nursing Station An area in a clinic, unit, or ward in a health care facility that serves as the administrative center for nursing care. From Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th ed C0557544 The nurse leader who oversees a team of nurses, makes decisions and directs patient care initiatives. Nursing Team Leader C0237083 Nutritionist Persons specially trained in nutrition sciences. From MeSH Patient Observation, Watchful Waiting, Active Surveillance, Expectant Management, Patient Status Observation, Deferred Therapy C0700325 Observation Clinical management approach wherein immediate therapy is not provided but there is a period of observation during which periodic tests monitor patient and the progression of the illness. From Driffield T, Smith PC Med Decis Making. 2007 Mar-Apr; 27(2):178-188 OERS Observed Emotion Rating Scale The Observed Emotion Rating Scale, previously named the Apparent Affect Rating Scale, is an observational tool for rating two positive emotions (pleasure and general alertness) and three negative emotions (anger, anxiety or fear, and sadness). From Lawton MP, Van Haitsma K, Klapper JA. Observed Emotion Rating Scale. 1999. OSA Sleep Apnea Obstructive Syndrome, Obstructive Apnea, Apnea Obstructive Sleeping, Apnea Obstructive Sleep C0520679 Obstructive Sleep Apnea A disorder characterized by recurrent apneas during sleep despite persistent respiratory efforts. It is due to upper airway obstruction. FromMeSH Asking for Consent C0514060 The activity of obtaining the informed consent from a care recipient or his/her legal representative. Obtaining Informed Consent Occupational Deprivation A state of preclusion from engagement in occupations of necessity and/or meaning due to factors that stand outside the immediate control of the individual. From Whiteford, G. (2010). When people cannot participate: occupational deprivation. In C.H. Christiansen & E.A. Townsend (Eds.) Introduction to occupation: the art and science of living Second Edition. (pp.303-328) Upper Saddle Creek, NJ: Prentice Hall. OT C0028807 Occupational Therapist Professionals trained to help individuals develop or regain skills needed to achieve independence in their lives. From MeSH OT C1318464 Occupational Therapy Skilled treatment that helps individuals achieve independence in all facets of their lives. It assists in the development of skills needed for independent living. From MeSH Edema, Dropsy, Hydrops, Waterlogged C0013604 Oedema Abnormal fluid accumulation in tissues or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the skin in subcutaneous tissue. From MeSH Providing Drink, Giving Drink, Offering Fluid The intervention of offering drink to a person with dementia, such as water, warm milk or tea. Offering Drink Providing Food C3650749 The intervention of offering food to a person with dementia. Offering Food People should offer two choices (not too many choices) when communicating with a person with dementia. Offering Two Choices Impaired Olfaction, Impaired Smell, Sense of Smell Impaired, Hyposmia, Reduced Sense of Smell, Decreased Sense of Smell, Impaired Sense of Smell C2364082 Olfactory Impairment Decreased ability to smell. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus One on One Time, One to One Interaction, 1:1 time, 1x1 time, 1 on 1 time The intervention of one person (health care professional) to one care recipient. One on One Interaction Opiate Addiction, Opioid Dependence, Opiate Dependence C0524662 Addiction to opioids which sometimes called narcotics. Opioid Addiction C0029146 Optometrist Qualified professionals trained in primary eye and vision care, including measurement of visual abilities, diagnosing disorders of the visual system and provision of treatment such as prescriptions for correction of visual defects with lenses or glasses and vision therapy. From MeSH Mouth Disease, Disorder of Mouth, Oral Disorder C0026636 Oral Disease Diseases involving the mouth. From MeSH Workplace Culture, Organizational Culture C0029242 Organisational Culture Beliefs and values shared by all members of the organization. These shared values, which are subject to change, are reflected in the day to day management of the organization. From MeSH Emotional Outburst C0679475 The sudden release of strong emotion. Outburst C0439583 Overnight Occurring between nightfall and dawn. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus A person's senses are overstimulated by something from the environment. Overstimulation from Environment The hearing sense of a person is overstimulated. Overstimulation of Hearing Sense The smell sense of a person is overstimulated. Overstimulation of Smell Sense The taste sense of a person is overstimulated. Overstimulation of Taste Sense The touch sense of a person is overstimulated. Overstimulation of Touch Sense The vision sense of a person is overstimulated. Overstimulation of Vision Sense PRIDE Bathing Approach PRIDE (privacy, reassurance, information, distraction, and evaluation) Bathing Approach: Privacy was stressed by encouraging caregivers to close the bathing room door or attend to not undressing a person with dementia before necessary. Reassurance to people with dementia was about repeatedly reminding the person with dementia that he or she was safe and not alone. Informaiton refers to the giving of information to people with dementia before and during the bath. Distraction refers to the use of distraction, such as a pleasant topic to distract a person with dementia. Evaluation refers to the constant awareness of how the person with dementia was responding. From Mickus et al. 2002 Developing effective bathing strategies for reducing problematic behavior for residents with dementia: the PRIDE approach. Journal of Mental Health and Aging, 8:1 Pacing up and down C0562458 Pacing The behaviour of walking with regular slow or fast paces, especially without a particular destination. C0030193 A highly unpleasant sensation Pain Assessing Pain, Staff Assessment for Pain C2707300 The actions performed by staff to assess the pain of a person. Pain Assessment C3843875 Hobby of painting. Painting Hobby The activity of painting a picture. Painting Picture Heart Palpitations, Heart Throbbing C0030252 Palpitation A sensation that the heart is pounding or racing, which is a non-specific sign but may be a manifestation of arrhythmia. From Human Phenotype Ontology The activity for ladies to come together regularly (e.g. once a month) and catch up whilst pampering yourself (nails and hair). Pamper Group Activity Panic State, Panic Reaction C0030318 Panic A state of extreme acute, intense anxiety and unreasoning fear accompanied by disorganization of personality function. From MeSH C0030319 Panic Disorder An anxiety disorder characterized by multiple unexpected panic attacks with persistent concern of recurring attacks. Panic disorder may or may not be accompanied by agoraphobia. From The U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The active music therapy that requries the participants to move their body with the music. Participating Active Music Therapy by Moving Body The active music therapy that requries the participatns to play musical instruments. Participating Active Music Therapy by Playing Musical Instrument The active music therapy that requires participants to sing with the music. Participating Active Music Therapy by Singing The active music therapy that requires participatns to write a song. Participating Active Music Therapy by Writing Song Receptive Music Therapy Passive Music Therapy encompasses techniques that allow the participant to listen to music as opposed to being an active contributor. The music used may be live or recorded and of any genre. Passive Music Therapy PDS Passivity in Dementia Scale Passivity in Dementia Scale (PDS) is an observer rating scale of 42 behaviors: 12 passive behav- ior items scored in the negative, and 30 active behavior items scored in the positive. Lower scores indicate greater passivity. Five subscale scores are obtained: thinking, emotions, interaction with the environment, interaction with people, and activities. From Kolanowski et al. 2006 Factors that relate to activity engagement in nursing home residents. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 21:1 Past Work, Former Career Information about the past occupations (job or profession) of a person. Past Occupation Pastoral Counseling C0030643 Pastoral Care Counseling or comfort given by ministers, priests, rabbis, etc., to those in need of help with emotional problems or stressful situations. From MeSH Pastoral Care Worker Cc2985482 Pastoral Counselor A person trained in both psychology and theology who can provide psychological and spiritual guidance to individuals and families. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus PHQ-9 C4083201 Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 A 9-item scale using each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria with self-reported frequency of "0" (not at all) to "3" (nearly every day). One of the most widely used instruments to assess depression (Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW. The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 2001; 16:606-613), PHQ-9 scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression, respectively. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Staff need to pay close attention to a person with suicidal ideation during any time when around sharp objects. Paying Close Attention to Sharp Object Allergy to Peanut, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Groundnut Hypersensitivity C0559470 Peanut Allergy Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system. From MeSH Gender of a person that is perceived by oneself. Perceived Gender PVD Peripheral Angiopathies C0085096 Peripheral Vascular Disease Any disorder affecting blood flow through the veins or arteries outside of the heart. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus People Human beings related to the management of emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Person Person Centred Care Training to Health Care Professional The education and training that provide health care professionals with knowledge and skills needed to deliver person centred care for people with dementia. Person Centred Care Education to Health Care Professional Person-Centred Workplace Culture, Person-Centred Organizational Culture The organisational culture that the person is placed at the centre of the service and treated as a person first. Person-Centred Organisational Culture C0027365 Person Name Word or set of words by which a person is known, addressed, or referred to. From SNOMEDCT PwD People with Dementia, Demented Person, Patient With Dementia People with dementia who is living in the long term care facility. Person with Dementia The interventions targeting people with dementia. Person with Dementia Focused Intervention People without dementia who is living in the long term care facility. Person without Dementia C0582055 Preference to personal hygiene, such as shaving preference, and hair care preference. Personal Hygiene Preference Behaviour-response patterns of health care professionals Personality of Health Care Professional C0233849 Personality Trait The characteristics in behavior that a certain person has. from the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C1821301 Negative thoughts that tending to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen. Pessimistic Thought Allergies to pets (e.g., cats and dogs) with fur are common, especially among people who have other allergies or asthma. Pet Allergy Hobby of keeping domestic animals as pets. Pet Keeping Hobby Pet Facilitated Therapy C2607895 Pet Therapy A type of therapy that uses dogs or other pets to improve the physical and mental health of patients with certain acute or chronic diseases. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Druggist C0031323 Pharmacist Those persons legally qualified by education and training to engage in the practice of pharmacy. From MeSH The intervention which uses drugs. Pharmacological Intervention AARS Philadelphia Geriatric Center Affect Rating Scale The 6-item Philadelphia Geriatric Center Affect Rating Scale was designed for the use of research and other staff in assessing positive affect (pleasure, interest, contentment) and negative affect (sadness, worry/anxiety, and anger) by direct observation of facial expression, body movement, and other cues that do not depend on self-report. From Lawton MP, Van Haitsma K, Klapper J. Observed affect in nursing home residents with Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 1996 Jan;51(1):P3-14. doi: 10.1093/geronb/51b.1.p3. PMID: 8548515. The treatment that involves having conversation with family members or friends of the person with dementia through the phone. Phone Call Physical Functioning Ability, Ability to Perform General Purpose Physical Activities C0565668 Ability to perform some physical act, such as move freely and easily. Physical Ability The physical changes in the environment of the long term care facility. Physical Change in Environment The purely physical factors in the environment that may cause emotional and mood disturbances in people with dementia. Physical Environment Causative Factor The intervention of modifying the physical environment of people living with dementia. Physical Environmental Intervention PE Physical Health Assessment, Assessment of Physical Health, Physical Exam, Physical Assessment Physical Examination Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. From MeSH Hobby of doing physical exercise regularly. Physical Exercise Hobby Physical Therapy Exercise, Rehavilitation Exercise, Therapuetic Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Exercise Intervention C0452240 Physical Exercise Therapy Activities to promote physical functioning. From Clinical Care Classification C5381941 Having difficulty performing physical activities. Physical Limitation Physical Restrictive Practice C0035260 The intervention of using physical means to restrict the movement of all or part of the body. Physical Restraint PT Physiotherapist C2362565 Physical Therapist Persons trained in physical therapy specialty to make use of physical therapy modalities to prevent, correct, and alleviate movement dysfunction. From MeSH Physical Aggression, Hurting Behaviour, Hurting C4534295 The behaviour that is aggressive or combative to self or others. Physically Aggressive Behaviour The behaviours that are not intending to cause physical harm, but departing from an accepted standard. Physically Nonaggressive Behaviour Physical Therapy C0949766 Physiotherapy The therapies to prevent, correct, or alleviate dysfunction of anatomic or physiologic origin, employing physical phenomena such as temperature, light, water, and sound, as well as exercise and massage. From the Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Thesaurus (CSP). The exercise intervention involving some type of ball. Playing Ball Game Bingo is a game of chance in which each player matches numbers/words/visual cues printed in different arrangements on cards. Playing Bingo Game C2136072 Playing the game that involves the movement of counters or other objects round a board. Playing Board Game Bowling Activity C0336949 Playing Bowling A physical activity during which balls are rolled at an object or group of objects with the aim of knocking them over. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C2136032 Hobby of playing cards. Playing Card Hobby Carpet bowels is a form of bowls played indoors on a strip of carpet, at the centre of which lies an obstacle round which the bowl has to pass. Playing Carpet Bowels Chair volleyball is played inside, players sit on chairs and the ball is a beach ball. Players can hit the ball as often as they want or need to get it over the net. Chair volleyball is intended to reduce stress and boost self-esteem and confidence. Playing Chair Volleyball Playing a video game or computer game that is an electronic game involving interaction with a user interface or input device to generate visual feedback, e.g., Nintendo Wii Sports. Playing Video Game C0260145 Podiatrist A doctor who specializes in the care of the foot and ankle. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0871088 Poetry Therapy Poetry therapy is the use of language, symbol, and story in therapeutic, education, growth, and community-building capacities. It relies upon the use of poems, stories, song lyrics, imagery, and metaphor to facilitate personal growth, healing, and greater self-awareness. From The National Association for Poetry Therapy, Inc. (NAPT) Finger Pointing The behaviour of pointing at someone with a finger to accuse he/she or suggest he/she is guilty. Pointing Finger The activity of polishing one's favourite objects. Polishing Favourite Object C2242889 Political Refugee A person who has fled from a homeland because of political persecution. From Dictionary.com Hay Fever, Allergy to Pollen C0018621 Pollen Allergy An allergy experienced as a particular time of year when trees or grasses pollinate and elicit an allergic reaction. From Human Phenotype Ontology Bad Hygiene C0745076 Poor Hygiene Poor hygiene can be a sign of self-neglect, which is the inability or unwillingness to attend to one's personal needs. From Melissa Conrad Stöppler, 2019, Poor Hygiene: Symptoms & Signs. https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=41529 The personal habits that cause poor quality of sleep. Poor Sleep Hygiene The activity of popping bubble wrap. Popping Bubble Wrap PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Post-Traumatic Neuroses C0038436 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that some people develop after they experience or see a traumatic event. From MEDLINEPLUS Predilection C0558295 Preference The act, fact, or principle of giving advantages to some particular person, object, or course of action over others; designated as more desirable. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Language most preferred by a person for communication. Preferred Language Patient Preferred Name C1443234 The name a person wishes to be known. Preferred Name C4554531 Pressure Injury Injury to skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. From Mayo Clinic Pressured Speech C0233718 Pressure of Speech Abnormally increased rate and amount of speech, delivered with urgency. From The U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Past Life Experience, Prior Experience, Past Experience Information about the previous life event of a person. Previous Life Event C0558272 Priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion. From Wikipedia PST Structured Problem Solving C1303140 Problem Solving Therapy Problem solving therapy involves patients learning new problem solving skills or reactivating previously learned ones. These skills can then be applied to specific life problems that are associated with psychological and somatic symptoms. From David Pierce, 2012, Problem solving therapy: use and effectiveness in general practice, Psychological Strategies Agnosia for Faces, Facial recognition Agnosia, Face Blindness, Facial Agnosia C0234512 The inability to recognize a familiar face or to learn to recognize new faces. From Cortex 1995 Jun:31(2) Prosopagnosia Providing a number of different space with various functions in the environment where people with dementia live Providing a Variety of Space in Environment Providing an identifiable space for activity that is accessible to people with dementia and where related equipment and materials are kept in an orderly fashion. Providing Activity Area Provide for Adequate Rest and Sleep, including Short-term, Daytime Naps, as Needed C4713371 Providing people with dementia adequate rest Providing Adequate Rest Providing Non-Caffeinated Drink Providing drinks that do not contain caffeine Providing Caffeine-Free Beverage Creating a Calm and Comfortable Environment C4713392 The intervention of providing an environment that is relaxing and calm. Providing Calm Environment The intervention of providing clearly marked access to bathroom. Providing Clear Marked Access to Bathroom The intervention of providing clearly marked access to personal belonging. Providing Clear Marked Access to Personal Belonging Providing Oxygen Therapy C2922275 The activity of providing concentrated oxygen to a person. Providing Concentrated Oxygen Provide protective garments or incontinence pads, as needed C4714635 Providing continence product to a person who has continence needs Providing Continence Aid Intervention of providing crash mats for bedside safety, crash mats will break a fall, as a result, reducing injury caused by the care recipient rolling off the bed Providing Crash Mat for Bedside Safety The intervention of providing a drying rack in the room of a person with dementia. Providing Drying Rack In Room Providing easy access for people with dementia to outside space in the long-term care facility Providing Easy Access to Outside Space The intervention of providing a person with dementia the food he/she like most. Providing Favourite Food Provision of Hoist C0556542 The provision of hoist devices designed for hoisting or lowering persons from one place to another. Providing Hoist Creating Home Familiarity in Environment, Creating Homelikeness, Simulate Homelike Environment C4710627 The intervention of creating homelikeness environment for people with dementia. Providing Home Like Environment The intervention of providing a private bathroom for a person with dementia in the long-term care facility. Providing Private Bathroom Long-term care facilities should provide safe outside space for people with dementia. Providing Safe Outside Space Providing Sensor Alarm Mat The intervention of providing a sensor alarm mat for fall prevention. Providing Sensor Mat The intervention of providing a single bedroom for a person with dementia in the long-term care facility. Providing Single Bedroom Providing Comfort Food, Offering Comfort Food The intervention of providing snacks to a person with dementia. Providing Snack Providing adequate lighting in the environment that is suitable for people with dementia Providing Sufficient Lighting Psychiatric Comorbidity The co-existence of two or more psychiatric disorders. From Fridell, M., Bäckström, M., Hesse, M. et al. Prediction of psychiatric comorbidity on premature death in a cohort of patients with substance use disorders: a 42-year follow-up. BMC Psychiatry 19, 150 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2098-3 C0033872 Psychiatrist A medical doctor who specializes in the prevention, diagnose, and treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0871175 An evidence-based therapeutic intervention for people that provides information and support to better understand and cope with illness. Psychoeducation Old Age Psychiatrist C0586880 The psychiatrist specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness in elderly people. Psychogeriatrician C0033908 Psychologist A specialist who can talk with patients and their families about emotional and personal matters, and can help them make decisions. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Psychotic Disorder, Psychoses C0033975 Psychosis Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. From DSM-IV, 1994 C4061539 The real physical symptoms that caused by mental or emotional disturbance. Psychosomatic Symptom Psychological Therapy, Talking Therapy, Talk Therapy C0033968 Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular interaction with people, to help them change behaviour and overcome problems in desired ways. Psychotherapy Punching Other Person C0562585 The behaviour of stricking other person with the fist. Punching The behaviour of moving forward by using force to pass people or cause them to move aside. Pushing C4722209 Queer Used to describe a gender orientation that is not exclusively homosexual or heterosexual, or for individuals that don't identify with existing labels. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0554978 Racing Thoughts Abnormally rapid thoughts with or without abrupt changes from one topic to another. From The U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0423982 The behaviour of talking at length in a confused or inconsequential way. Rambling Speech Rapid Progression of Cognitive Impairment C2750110 Rapid Cognitive Decline Rapid cognitive decline (RCD) is defined as a deterioration of cognitive functions, as measured by a specific instrument for dementia, greater than the expected average decline. From Soto ME, Andrieu S, Arbus C, Ceccaldi M, Couratier P, Dantoine T, Dartigues JF, Gillette-Guyonette S, Nourhashémi F, Ousset JP, Poncet M, Portet F, Touchon J, Vellas B: Rapid cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Consensus paper. J Nutr Health Aging 2008;12: 703–713. Exanthema, Eruption C0015230 Rash An eruption in the skin which effects its appearance and/or texture. From the U.S. National Cancer Institution Thesaurus RAID Rating Anxiety in Dementia Scale, Rating for Anxiety in Dementia, Raging of Anxiety in Dementia Scale Rating Anxiety in Dementia The Rating Anxiety in Dementia (RAID; Shankar, Walker, Frost & Orrell, 1999)is a clinical rating scale comprising 18 items rated ona three-point scale, specifically developed to evaluate severity of anxiety in persons with dementia (PWD). Ten of the items rate somatic symptoms and five are about specific fears. From Snow, A Lynn et al. “Psychometric properties of a structured interview guide for the rating for anxiety in dementia.” Aging & mental health vol. 16,5 (2012): 592-602. doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.644518 Reading C0034754 Reading Activity Acquiring information from text. From MeSH The activity of reading a book. Reading Book Hobby of reading books. Reading Book Hobby The activity of reading a magazine. Reading Magazine The activity of reading a newspaper. Reading Newspaper Hobby of reading newspaper. Reading Newspaper Hobby ROT C3650753 Reality orientation is a psychological therapy aimed at reducing confusion and inappropriate behaviours in people with dementia. Reality Orientation Therapy Providing Reassurance and Comfort, Reassuring C0514711 The intervention of letting the person with dementia know health care professionals are there and will keep him or her safe. Reassurance C0557650 A room in a long-term care facility in which people can relax and play games. Recreation Room Recreational Activity Officer Recreational Therapist Recreational therapists treat and help maintain the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of their clients by seeking to reduce depression, stress, and anxiety; recover basic motor functioning and reasoning abilities; build confidence; and socialize effectively. From National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification, https://www.nctrc.org/about-ncrtc/about-recreational-therapy/ RT Recreation Therapy, Therapeutic Recreation, Therapeutic Recreation Therapy C0034873 Recreational Therapy Recreational therapy is a systemtic process that utilizes recreation and other activity-based interventions to address the assessed needs of individuals with illness and/or disabling condition, as a means to pschological and physical health, recovery and well-being. From National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification Use Diversion to Redirect Inappropriate Behavior, Diverting, Diversion C0547409 The intervention of assigning or directing a person something else to do as a substitute. Redirection Less Affectionate, Flattened Affect, Blunted Affect The reduced result or consequence of an action or other cause. Reduced Affection Reduced Initiative, Dimished Initiative The reduced action of beginning something. Reduced Initiation Reduced willingness to make an effort in activities of daily life, such as maintain hygiene Reduced Willingness to Make Effort The activity of reducing and organizing disordered things in the environment. Reducing Clutter The care goal of reducing frequency of manifestations of emotional and mood disturbances in a person with dementia. Reducing Frequency of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Care goal of reducing physical damage to other people who are around a person with emotional and mood disturbances. Reducing Harm to Other People The care goal of reducing physical damage to oneself. Reducing Harm to Self Reducing relatively bright light that is unpleasant or discomfort Reducing Light Glare Reducing Noise of Non-emergency Buzzer The intervention of reducing the sound volume of the non-emergency overhead paging. Reducing Noise of Non-emergency Overhead Paging The care goal of reducing severity of manifestations of emotional and mood disturbances in a person with dementia. Reducing Severity of Emotional and Mood Disturbance Reducing Daytime Sleep The intervention of reducing a person's daytime sleep. Reduction of Daytime Sleep Referral to a Specialist Service, Referral to Specialist C0849620 The act of referring a person to a specialist for consultation, review, or further action. Referral to a Specialist Report to Police C1656433 The act of referring to police. Referral to Police Psychiatrist Referral C0586090 The act of referring a person to a psychiatrist for consultation, review, or further action. Referral to Psychiatrist The act of referring a person to a psychogeriatration for consultation, review, or further action. Referral to Psychogeriatration C0420369 The act of referring a person to a psychologist for consulation, review, or further action. Referral to Psychologist C4713277 The activity of referrring a person to required service provider. Referral to Required Service Provider C0034945 Reflexology The application of pressure to specific zones on the ears, hands, and feet in order to reduce stress and promote healing in corresponding glands,organs, parts, and systems of the body that are believed to be connected through energy channels. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Immigrant as a refugee from a war related area. Refugee from War Related Area Type of immigration that a person is forced to flee for their lives (as a refugee) and choose to move to another country. Refugee Immigration Refuse to Eat, Food Refusal C0424424 Refusing to eat food Refusing Food RN C0687673 Registered Nurse A nurse who has graduated from an accredited registered nursing program, has passed the state exam for licensure, and been registered and licensed to practice by a state authority. R.N.s receive educational preparation through hospital-based diploma programs, community/junior college associate's degree programs, baccalaureate programs, or combinations thereof. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0509128 Assisting a person with toileting at regular intervals Regular Toileting C0439849 Relationship A state of connectedness between people, objects, or events; to be associated or connected with something. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus State of connectedness between a person with his/her family member(s). Relationship with Family Member State of connectednedd between a person and his/her friend(s). Relationship with Friend State of connectedness between a person and his/her pet(s). Relationship with Pet Therapeutic Relaxation, Relaxation Training, Relaxation Programme C0282333 Relaxation Therapy Treatment to improve one's health condition by using techniques that can reduce physiological stress, psychological stress, or both. From MeSH C0035039 Religion A personal or institutionalized system grounded in belief and reverene for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. From dictionary.com C0035045 Attitudes towards mythological, supernatural, or spiritual aspects of a religion. Religious Belief Routine of Religious Practice Routine of religious practice. Religious Practice Routine The intervention of relocating a person with dementia to an area which is appropirate and comfortable. Relocating Person to Appropirate Area Abilities that are still existing in a person. Remaining Ability C0557033 Causing someone to remember something or someone Reminding RT C0150321 Reminiscence Therapy Using the recall of past events, feelings, and thoughts to facilitate pleasure, quality of life, or adaptation to present circumstances, e.g., household memories. From Nursing Interventions Classification Remove From Environment Sharp or Blunt Ojects that could be Used to Injure Patient or Others C0548146 The environmental intervention of removing objects (sharp or blunt) that could be used to harm or injure patient or others. Removing Dangerous Object Reorienting Person C0204745 The activity of changing the focus or direction of a person in order to help him/her to find the reality. Reorientation Event Reorientation The activity of helping a person figure out what event is going on. Reorientation to Event Person Reorientation The activity of helping a person to figure out who a person is. Reorientation to Person Place Reorientation The activity of helping a person figure out where he/she is. Reorientation to Place Time Reorientation The activity of helping a person figure out what the time is. Reorientation to Time The behaviour of behaving certain physical actions repetitively. Repetitive Physical Mannerism C3662016 The behaviour of questioning repetitively. Repetitive Questioning Paraphrasing Unclear Verbal Communication People should express the statements (e.g., a question) in an alternative way for the purpose of clarification. Rephrashing Unclear Verbal Communication C0556030 Repositioning The act of placing in a new position. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Respect for Other Person, Respect for Others, Respect to Others Personality characterised by treating others with care. Respect to Other Person Restlessness Behavior, Restlessness Behaviour, Feeling of Restlessnss, Be Restless C3887611 Restlessness A feeling of unrest or the need to move, and/or an inability to feel calm, relaxed, or be still. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The activity of reviewing the non-prescription medications (normally available in health food shops, supermarkets and pharmacies) that a person is taking. Review of Complementary Medication The activity of reviewing the history of neurological disorder in a person's family. Review of Family History of Neurological Disorder The activity of reviewing the history of psychiatric disorder in a person's family. Review of Family History of Psychiatric Disorder Medical Records Review C0730229 Review of the medical records of a person Review of Medical Record Review of Medication, Medication Review C0560023 Review of Medication The review of medication that a person is taking. Review information recorded by nurses concerning the nursing progress. Review of Nursing Record The activity of reviewing the nutraceuticals that a person is taking. A nutraceutical is any food or food ingredient considered to provide medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. Food-based (nutrition) substances that have pharmaceutical effects on human health. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Review of Nutraceutical The activity of reviewing of the over-the-counter medications that a person is taking. Review of over the Counter Medication Review of Medical History C0677073 The activity of reviewing the past medical history of a person. Review of Past Medical History The activity of reviewing the pathology tests that examine samples of body's tissues, including blood, urine, faeces (poo), samples obtained by biopsy. Review of Pathology Test The activity of reviewing the prescribed medications that a person is taking. Review of Prescribed Medication Review of Prior Geriatric Assessment Result The activity of reviewing the prior geriatric evaluation results of a person. Geriatric evaluation refers to "the complete examination of an elderly individual, which includes a full valuation of the physical and cognitive conditions, as well as a check of the patient's emotional state." From The U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Review of Prior Geriatric Evaluation Result The activity of reviewing the prior neuroimaging study results of a person. Neuroimaging refers to "the use of various techniques to directly or indirectly image the anatomy and function of the central nervous system". From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Review of Prior Neuroimaging Study Result The activity of reviewing the prior neurological evaluation results of a person. A neurological assessment is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. Review of Prior Neurological Assessment Result The activity of reviewing the prior neuropsychological test results of a person. Neuropsychological tests are specifically designed tasks that are used to measure a psychological function known to be linked to a particular brain structure or pathway. Review of Prior Neuropsychological Test Result The activity of reviewing the prior psychiatric evaluation results of a person. A psychiatric evaluation is the process of gathering information about a person within a psychiatric service. It generally involves multiple components, which can include answering questions verbally, receiving a physical test, and completing a questionnaire. It may be used to diagnose problems with memory, thought processes, and behaviors. Review of Prior Psychiatric Evaluation Result RMBPC Revised Memory and Behavioral Problems Checklist, Revised Memory and Behavior Checklist Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist A 24-item caregiver-report measure for the clinical and empirical assessment of both the presence of behavior problems in dementia patients, and the extent of caregiver “subjective burden” or “distress” associated with those problems. From American Psychological Association (apa.org) C0086930 The activity of characterizing the nature and likelihood of a harmful effect to individuals. Risk Assessment Risky Behaviour C0683303 Risk-taking behaviours are those that potentially expose people to physical harm. Risk-Taking Behaviour The behaviour of making a very loud, deep, prolonged sound. Roaring A psychotherapy treatment based upon building a bond with a robot animal through interaction and play. For example, the therapeutic pet-type robot, PARO, was developed by Japanese engineers as an alternative to animal-assisted therapy. Modeled on the feature of a baby harp seal and weighing approximately 2.5 kg, RARO has 5 in-built sensors that enable the robot to respond autonomously to the user and his or her environment. PARO is diurnally active, and can move its flippers and tail, open and close its eyes, and make sounds similar to a baby harp seal. Robotic Animal-Assisted Therapy Body Rocking, Repetitive Rocking Movements C0005899 The behaviour of repetitively moving body gently to and from side to side. Rocking The role (or character) people play when holding specific positions in groups. Role Identity Routine of attending the religious services. Routine of Attending Religious Service Routine of praying. Routine of Praying The behaviour of disorganised foraging. Rummaging SLUMS Saint Louis University Mental Status Exam, St Louis University Mental Status Exam, St Louis University Mental Status Examination Saint Louis University Mental Status Examination The Saint Louis University Mental Status exam is an assessment tool for detecting mild cognitive impairment and dementia and was developed in partnership with the Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center at the St. Louis Veterans Administration Medical Center. SCAG Sandoz Clinical Assessment - Geriatric Scale The Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG) scale was developed specifically for the evaluation of pharmacotherapy in senile dementia and related conditions. From Venn RD. The Sandoz Clinical Assessment-Geriatric (SCAG) scale. A general-purpose psychogeriatric rating scale. Gerontology. 1983;29(3):185-98. doi: 10.1159/000213113. PMID: 6852546. SANS-AD Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease (SANS-AD) directly observes the person’s mood state in three subscales of affective flattening or blunting, avolition apathy, and social–emotional withdrawal. From Reichman, W. E., Coyne, A. C., Amirneni, S., Molino, B., & Egan, S. (1996). Negative symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 153(3), 424–426. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.153.3.424 SRT Scheduled Reassurance Therapy Scheduled reassurance therapy involves brief 1 minute interactions every 30 minutes consisting of positive social interactions where no nursing/ care tasks are performed. From Wallace et al. 2012 ReBOC: Reducing Behaviours of Concern Arranging challenging activities (e.g., bathing) when the person with dementia is likely to be at his or her best Scheduling Challenging Activity When Person with Dementia is at His Best Schizophrenic Disorder C0036341 Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delution formation, hallucinations, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior. From MeSH The behaviour of marking the surface of something with a sharp or pointed object; and hurting someone's body with one's fingernails. Scratching C0521008 The behaviour of making a loud, piercing sound. Screaming The activity of checking if it's safe for a person to drive a car or a motorised scooter. Screening for Driving Safety The activity of checking if a person can prepare food without any risks. Screening for Food Preparation Safety Searching Behaviour C4050474 The behaviour of thoroughly scrutinizing, especially in a disconcerning way. Searching C2047974 Individuals who have at least one foreign-born parent. Second Generation Immigrant Self Injurious Behaviour, Self Harm, Self Injury, Self Destructive Behaviour, Hurting Self C0085271 Self Harm Behaviour Behavior in which persons hurt or harm themselves without the motive of suicide or of sexual deviation. From MeSH Self-Isolation, Self Social Isolation Person with emotional and mood disturbances (depression, anxiety, and apathy in dementia) may isolate oneself from others. Self Isolation Self-Maintenance Therapy Self-Maintenance Therapy promotes the recovery of self-esteem through activities for which the patient still has the requisite competence. The activity must be chosen individually in the light of the patient’s life history. From Kratz 2017 The diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disorders in dementia. Dtsch Arzteble Int 114. & Romero B, Eder G: Selbst-Erhaltungs-Therapie (SET): Konzept einer neuropsychologischen Therapie bei Alzheimer-Kranken. Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie und -psychiatrie 1992; 5: 267–82. C0424359 Self Neglect Profound inattention by individuals to their own health and hygiene. From MeSH Self Talking C0871330 Self Talk Vocalized or unvocalized speech that is directed to oneself or an imaginary recipient. From Psychological Index Terms Sensory Capacity, Sensory Status C4068684 Ability of the sense organs (e.g., eye, ear, nose, skin) to receive input accurately from the sense organs. Sensory Ability Sensory Deficit, Sensory Defect, Sensory Deprivation C3809741 The impaired physical senses of a person. Sensory Impairment Sensory Therapy C5141264 Sensory therapy uses stimulation of the different senses such as touch, smell, hearing and sight to promote wellbeing. Sensory Stimulation Therapy C0680114 Information about separation of a person from his/her family member. Separation from Family Member Late Stage of Dementia, Advanced Dementia C3494652 The late stage of dementia. People with severe dementia may experience further mental and physical capability decline. They may loss the ability to communicate and need for full-time daily assistance with tasks (e.g., eating and dressing). Severe Dementia C2977585 The activity involving sewing for enjoyment. Sewing Activity Information about sexual assault experienced by a person. Sexual Assault Sex Behaviour, Sexual Behavior, Sexual Activity C0036864 Sexual Behaviour Totality of normal and abnormal, conscious and unconscious, overt and covert sensations, thoughts, feelings, and actions related to sexual organs and other erotogenic zones, including goals and techniques. From Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) Thesaurus Sex Orientation, Sexual Preference C0205949 Sexual Orientation Direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same, opposite, or both sexes; involves feelings, and sense of identity. From Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects (CRISP) Thesaurus C0036915 Sexuality The sexual functions, activities, attitudes, and orientations of an individual. From MeSH C0582058 Preference to shaving, such as preference to dry shave or wet shave. Shaving Preference Shellfish Hypersensitivity, Allergy to Shellfish C0577625 Shellfish Allergy Allergic reaction to shellfish or shellfish products. From MeSH Yelling C0562551 The behaviour of making a loud cry. Shouting The behaviour of pushing someone or something roughly. Shoving C0037078 Sign Language A system of hand gestures used for communication by the deaf or by people speaking different languages. From MeSH Task Simplification The intervention that lowers the skill level requried of a person performing a task. Simplifying Task SPT Simulated Family Presence Therapy Simulated Presence Therapy An intervention that uses video or audiotape recordings of family members played to the person with dementia. From Abraha et al. 2020 Simulated presence therapy for dementia (Review) C0337514 A female sibling of a person. Sister C2350006 Sister-in-law A sister by marriage. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0515842 The intervention that a nursing staff needs to sit and talk with a person with dementia. Sitting and Talking with Person The technique for effectively communicating with person with dementia. Skill for Communicating with Person with Dementia Type of immigration that people are invited to live in other countries to fill critical labor gaps and contribute specialized skills. Skilled Immigration Skill Mix The number, educational preparation of staff or level of staff, and their experience working in a clinical setting. Skills Mix C0152030 Skin Irritation A mild inflammatory dermal tissue reaction; it can be caused by physical contact with an irritant or can be a local response to a systemic trigger. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Dermatologic Problem C0281822 A person's skin condiitons that affect him/her. Skin Problem The behaviour of shutting something (such as a door or window) forcefully and loudly. Slamming Lack of Adequate Sleep, Sleep Deficit, Not Enough Sleep C0037316 Sleep Deprivation Lack of the normal sleep / wake cycle. From Clinical Care Classification Disturbance in Sleep Behaviour, Sleep Dysfunction, Difficulty Sleeping, Trouble Sleeping, Disturbed Sleep, Sleeping Disturbance, Sleep Disorder C0037317 The abnormality of sleep. Sleep Disturbance Smell Sense, Smell Perception, Olfaction, Sense of Smell C0037361 Smell Ability The ability to detect scents or odors. From MeSH The activity of smelling various flowers. Smelling Flower SMST Snoezel Therapy, Snoezelen Therapy, Multi-sensory Environment Snoezelen Multisensory Stimulation Therapy Snoezelen multisensory stimulation therapy comprises multiple stimuli and is aimed at stimulating the primary senses of sight, touch, taste and smell. The intervention is provided in specially designed rooms, which provide diverse sensory-stimulating effects/material including music, aroma, bubble tubes, fibre optic sprays and moving shapes projected across walls. From Abraha et al. 2017 Systematic review of systematic reviews of non-pharmacological interventions to treat behavioural disturbances in older patients with dementia. The SENATOR-OnTop series The factors of the social setting that may cause emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia. Social Environment Causative Factor Modification of Social Environment C4304386 The intervention of modifying social environment - social and cultural forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual. Social Environmental Intervention C3714536 Social History Past events that occurred between individuals and/or their communities. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Social Contact Intervention Interventions for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms by enhancing a person's social interactions with others, such as staff, family, and volunteers Social Interaction Intervention C0037421 The separation of individuals or groups resulting in the lack of or minimizing of social contact and/or communication. This separation may be accomplished by physical separation, by social barriers and by psychological mechanisms. In the latter, there may be interaction but no real communication. From MeSH Social Isolation The treatment that involves having converstion with others through social media video software, such as talking with families using Zoom. Social Media Video Call The activity of going out of a long-term care facility to attend a social event, e.g., a party. Social Outing C0035820 The role (or character) people play when holding specific social position in a functional group, such as club, sorority, fraternity, or the personnel of such a structure whose purpose is for social interactions. Social Role C0037438 The support to a person in need from other persons (e.g., family members and friends), groups, organizations, or institutions. Social Support The program that provides a range of services to help the frail aged and people living with dementia and to keep them connected with their culture and community. Social Support Group Program SW C0037444 Social Worker Professionals who work with persons affected by social disadvantages such as poverty, mental and physical illness or disability, and social injustice. Their focus is on both the individual and his or her environment, including violation of their civil liberties and human rights. From MeSH Socialization Hobby Hobby of socializing with others. Socialisation Hobby The activity of solving word search puzzles. Solving Word Search Puzzle Wiskow, K. M., Donaldson, J. M., & Matter, A. L. (2017). An evaluation of generalization of compliance across response types. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(4), 402-420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bar0000087 Slightly Effective Slightly successful in producing a desired or intended result Somewhat Effective C0037683 A male child of a person. Son C2350007 Son-in-law The husband of one's daughter. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Sonas Intervention An Irish intervention that incorpirates cognitive, sensory, and social stimulation on the five senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight. From Jackson et al. 2003 A multisensory programme: Evaluating effects on agitation. Nursing and Residential Care 5:3 The organized activity of sorting buttons. Sorting Button The organized activity of sorting coins. Sorting Coin Allergy to Soybean Allergic reaction to soybean or soybean products. Soybean Allergy C0037763 Spasm An involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Spasms may involve skeletal muscle or smooth muscle. From MeSH People should speak clearly when communicating with a person with dementia. Speaking Clearly People should speak directly to a person with dementia when communicating with him/her. Speaking Directly to Person with Dementia Speaking in Excessively Loud Voice The behaviour of speaking in a voice which is excessively loud. People should speak slowly when communicating with people with dementia. Speaking Slowly ST Language Therapist, Speech and Language Therapist, Speech Pathologist, Speech Language Pathologist, Speech Language Therapist C0402015 Speech Therapist A specialist who evaluates and treats people with communication and swallowing problems. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus C0683811 Acceptance of a superior being and is related to an existential perspective on life, death, and the nature of reality. Spiritual Belief Spiritual Care, Spiritual Comfort C0150355 Spiritual Support Actions performed to console, restore, or promote spiritual health. From Clinical Care Classification Spirituality C0679674 Spiritual Therapy Mystical, religious, or spiritual practices performed for health benefit. From MeSH Spitting at Other Person, Spitting on People C0562604 The behaviour of ejecting saliva forcibly from one's mouth and spitting at other person. Spitting Stabilizing Emotional and Mood Disturbance The care goal of stabilising (not becoming worse) the emotional and mood disturbance of a person with dementia. Stabilising Emotional and Mood Disturbance Staff Resident Ratio Ratio of staff number to one care recipient in the long term care facility Staff Care Recipient Ratio The state of being able to keep the same staff for a long time. Staff Stability C0262730 Staff Supervision Facilitating the delivery of high-quality patient care by others. From Nursing Interventions Classification Severity of Dementia C4716538 Progression of dementia Stage Of Dementia C0423086 The behaviour of looking fixedly or vacantly at someone or something with one's eyes wide open. Staring SAS Starkstein Apathy Scale The Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS) was published in 1992 and derived from the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) designed by Robert Marin in 1990. From Starkstein SE, Mayberg HS, Preziosi TJ, Andrezejewski P, Leiguarda R, Robinson RG. Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1992 Spring;4(2):134-9 C1301880 The time at which something is to start or did start. Start Time STAI C5190293 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a commonly used measure of trait and state anxiety (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983). It can be used in clinical settings to diagnose anxiety and to distinguish it from depressive syndromes. From American Psychological Association https://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/trait-state STAI-AD, STAI-A State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults is the definitive instrument for measuring anxiety in adults. The STAI clearly differentiates between the temporary condition of "state anxiety" and the more general and long-standing quality of "trait anxiety." The essential qualities evaluated by the STAI-S Anxiety scale are feelings of apprehension, tension, nervousness, and worry. Scores on the STAI-S Anxiety scale increase in response to physical danger and psychological stress, and decrease as a result of relaxation training. On the STAI-T Anxiety scale, consistent with the trait anxiety construct, psychoneurotic and depressed patients generally have high scores. From APA PsycTests Database Record (c) 2019 APA Stimulant Dependence C2711618 Addiction to stimulants which are a class of drugs, such as caffeine, amphetamines, and cocaine. Stimulant Addiction The activity of sharing stories. Storytelling Muscle Strength Exercise C0419118 Strength Exercise Strength exercise works one's muscles by using a resistance against which the muscles need to exert a force. This increases muscles' strength, size, power and endurance. From www.nhs.uk (https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/how-to-improve-strength-flexibility/) The uneasy mental state of health care professional causing by emotional and mood disturbances of people with dementia. Stress of Health Care Professional Stretching, Stretch C0600080 Stretching Exercise A physical exercise in which a specific muscle or tendon is deliberately flexed or stretched in order to improve the muscle's elasticity. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Cerebrovascular Accident, Cerebral Stroke, Brain Vascular Accident, Cerebrovascular Stroke C0038454 Stroke A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to brain ischemia or intracranial hemorrhages. From MeSH Diversional Activity, Organized Activity, Recreational Activity The organized various activities for care recipients, which range from trivia games to puzzles. Structured Activity SDH Subdural Intracranial Hematoma, Subdural Intracranial Hemorrhage C0018946 Subdural Hematoma Accumulation of blood in the subdural space between the dura mater and the arachnoidal layer of the meninges. From MeSH C4554104 Thoughts of taking one's own life. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Suicidal Ideation C0038661 The action of killing oneself intentionally. Suicide C0038663 Suicide Attempt The unsuccessful atempt to kill onesel. From MeSH Sundown Syndrome, Sundown, Sun Down C1142436 Sundowning A syndrome of emergence or increment of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as confusion and behavioral disturbances, in the late afternoon, early evening or at night. From SNOMEDCT_US The treatment of exposure to sunlight, e.g., exposure to natural sunlight for 30 minute periods in the morning and evening. From Wallace, T, Chand, R, Buck, E, Riley, P, Murphy, G, Brauer, H, McAuliffe, S, Doolette, J & McCrath, E 2012, ReBOC: reducing behaviours of concern: a hands on guide: a resource to assist those caring for people living with dementia., Alzheimer’s Association (SA) Inc., Adelaide. Sunlight Therapy Provide Privacy and Support for Family Member C0515044 The intervention of providing resources, information and services to family members of a person with dementia. Support to Family Member The support to health care professionals caring for people living with dementia. Support to Health Care Professional Information of a person in surviving holocause which is a massive slaughter, especially the systematic mass extermination of European Jews in Nazi concentration camps prior to and during World War II. Surviving Holocaust Swallowing Impairment, Impaired Swallowing, Problem with Swallowing C0392678 Swallowing Problem Abnormal functioning of the swallowing mechanism associated with deficits in oral, pharyngeal, or esophageal structure or function. From NANDA-International C0039003 Swimming An activity in which the body is propelled through water by specific movement of the arms and/or the legs. From MeSH Tactile Sensation Impairment C0241328 The touch sensation of a person is no longer normal. Tactile Impairment Tai Ji, Tai Chi Quan, Tai Chi Chuan, Tai-Chi C0376403 Tai Chi A form of traditional Chinese mind/body exercise and meditation that uses slow sets of body movements and controlled breathing. Tai chi is done to improve balance, flexibility, muscle strength, and overall health. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The behaviour of inappropriately taking other people's belonging. Taking Other People's Belonging Observation of Vital Sign, Vital Signs Assessment C0150404 The actions performed to assess a person's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. Taking Vital Sign Task-Focused Workplace Culture, Task-Focused Organizational Culture The organisational culture that staff focus on completing assigned tasks in a timely manner. Task-Focused Organisational Culture Taste Sense, Taste Sensation, Gustation, Taste Perception C0039336 The ability to distinguish sweet, sour, bitter, and salty properties in the mouth. Taste Ability The activity of tasting sweet food. Tasting Sweet Food Crying C1717727 Sadness expressed by weeping. From Vocabulary.com Tearfulness The behaviour of pulling something apart or to pieces with force, such as tearing books. Tearing TLC C0419204 The intervention of giving a person extra compassionate, thoughtful attention. Tender Loving Care C0871525 Therapist Conceptually broad terms referring to persons trained in the treatment of problems including mental disorders and behavior disorders. From the Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms Therapy for Emotional and Mood Disturbance in Dementia Conceptually broad term referring to psychological or physical measures designed to ameliorate emotional and mood disturbances in dementia. Desire for Drinks, Desire for Fluids C0039971 Thirst A desire for water. C0749385 A statement of an intention to injury, damage, or other hostile action on someone in retribution for something done or not done. Threat The behaviour of using hands to lift something and propel it with force through the air. Throwing Object C0040223 Time The dimension of the physical universe which, at a given place, orders the sequence of events. From MeSH Preference to items used in washing and taking care of one's body, such as soap, shampoo, and toothpaste. Toiletry Preference Torres Strait Islander Information about a person that if he/she is Torres Strait Islander. Tactile Sense, Touch Sensation, Sense of Touch, Touch Sense C0702221 Touch Ability The ability to perceive an object or other stimulus that comes into contact with the surface of the skin (e.g., by pressure, stroking). From APA Dictionary of Psychology Therapeutic Touch C5141260 Touch Therapy Therapeutic touch refers to an intentionally directed process where the practitioner uses the hands as a focus to facilitate the healing process. From Woods & Dimond, 2002 The effect of therapeutic touch on agitated behavior and cortisol in person with Alzheimer's disease. Biological Research for Nursing 4:2 Touching a person with dementia in a manner that is soft and mild. Touching Gently Preference to towel to use, e.g., colour or fabric of towel. Towel Preference A psychotherapy treatment based upon building a bond with a toy animal through interaction and play. It is usually a stuffed animal toy, such as a Teddy Bear. Toy Animal-Assisted Therapy C1531390 The activity that a long term care facility turns over responsibility for the care of a person to another care provider. Transfer of Care The activity of transferring of care to another long term care factility. Transfer of Care to Another Long Term Care Facility The activity of transferring of a care recipient to home. Transfer of Care to Home C1997687 The activity of transferring of care to a hospital. Transfer of Care to Hospital Transgendered Person C3266856 Transgender Persons having a sense of persistent identification with, and expression of, gender-coded behaviors not typically associated with one's anatomical sex at birth, with or without a desire to undergo sex reassignment procedures. From MeSH Trauma Life events of a person that is deeply disturbing ro distressing. Traumatic Life Event Developing a Care Plan, Development of Care Plan C1302613 It refers to the activity of developing a person-centred plan of care including the creation and updating of the care plan. Treatment Plan Development Allergy to Tree Nut C4304131 Allergic reaction to tree nut (e.g., walnut and hazelnut) or tree nut products. Tree Nut Allergy Tremble, Shaking, Shakes, Trambling Movement C0040822 Tremor Unintentional trembling or shaking of one or more body parts. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Turning off TV Turning off the television when it's too noisy or when there are upsetting programs or images Turning off Television C0337577 Uncle The brother of one's father or mother; the husband of one's aunt. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus The temperature of the room is not comfortable for a person. Uncomfortable Room Temperature The environment provides a person with insufficient stimulation. Understimulation from Environment The hearing sense of a person is insufficiently stimulated. Understimulation of Hearing Sense The smell sense of a person is insufficiently stimulated. Understimulation of Smell Sense The taste sense of a person is insufficiently stimulated. Understimulation of Taste Sense The touch sense of a person is insufficiently stimulated. Understimulation of Touch Sense The vision sense of a person is insufficiently stimulated. Understimulation of Vision Sense Health care professionals may not be known or recognized by people with dementia. Unfamiliar Health Care Professional The unfamiliar situations that people with dementia may be not having knowledge or experience of. Unfamiliar Situation Unmet Need of Bowel Movement, Unmet Need of Bowel Motion, Unmet Need of Bowel Excretion Unmet need to discharge faeces from the body. Unmet Need to Defecate Unmet need to expel waste matter from the body Unmet Need to Eliminate Unmet Need of Urinary Excretion, Unmet Need to Pass Urine, Unmet Need to Pass Water Unmet Need to discharge urine from the body. Unmet Need to Urinate The physiological need that is not met. Unmet Physiological Need Urinalysis Procedure, Urine Examination, Analysis of Urine, Urine Analysis, Urine Test, Procedures Test Urine, Test Urine C0042014 Urinalysis Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. From MeSH Absence of Bladder Continence, Lack of Bladder Control, Leaking of Urine, Loss of Bladder Control, Unable to Control Bladder, Unable to Hold Urine C0042024 Urinary Incontinence Involuntary passage of urine outside the body. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Unable to Void Urine, Unable to Pass Urine, Unable to Empty Bladder, Retention of Urine, Bladder Retention of Urine, Bladder Inability to Empty, Bladder Distention C0080274 Urinary Retention Inability to empty the urinary bladder with voiding (urination). From MeSH The health care professional's behaviour of using the language that is different with the language used by people with dementia. Use of Different Language The behaviour of using extremely offensive and insulting language. Using Abusive Language The behaviour of using the language which indicating or suggesting that one believes a person has done something wrong. Using Accusatory Language People should use calm tone when communicating with people with dementia. Using Calm Tone Communication Card The intervention of using cue cards, as visual tools, to assist family members, health care professionals and/or volunteers to communicate more easily with the person with dementia. Using Cue Card The behaviour of using unfriendly language. Using Hostile Language Using small signals that let the speaker know you are listening and understanding - words like “uh-huh”, “yes”, “no”, “mmm”, and little actions like nodding that show you are engaged in listening. Using Minimal Encourager People should use nonverbal communicaiton (e.g., body language and facial expression) to complement verbal communication when communicating with a person with dementia. Using Nonverbal Communication The behaviour of using offensive and disgusting language. Using Obscene Language People should use pleasant tone when communicating with people with dementia. Using Pleasant Tone Using a portable, stand-alone, non-flushing commode that can be conveniently placed next to a bed within a room. It is a safe and easy toileting alternative. Using a Portable Bedside Commode People should use positive word(s) when communicating with a person with dementia. Using Positive Word The behaviour of using disrespect language. Using Profane Language People should use short, simple words when communicating with a person with dementia. Using Simple Language The intervention of using a social robot to manage the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in people with dementia, such as Evas that is a social and conversational robot. From Cruz-Sandoval and Favela, 2019, A conversational robot to conduct therapeutic interventions for dementia, IEEE Pervasive Comput. 18:2 Using Social Robot The intervention that using unobtrusive safety design for physical environment of people with dementia. Using Unobtrusive Safety Design for Physical Environment Using Voice Reminder, Using a Oral Reminder Using a voice reminder to help a person to remember something Using Verbal Reminder The intervention of manipulating and swinging a string of beads in a pattern. Using Worry Beads Using written notes as reminders to help a person to remember something Using Written Note as Reminder C0556529 Validation Therapy Use of a method of therapeutic communication with elderly persons with dementia that focuses on emotional rather than factual content. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Ability to Use Verbal Communication Ability of using spoken language to send an intential message to another person. Verbal Communication Ability Verbally Aggressive Behavior The verbal and vocal agitated behaviours. Verbally Aggressive Behaviour Verbally Nonaggressive Behavior The verbal and vocal behaviours that are not aggressive. Verbally Nonaggressive Behaviour VR-therapy Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Virtual Reality Immersion Therapy C3494470 Virtual Reality Therapy Treatment technique in a virtual environment which allows the participant to experience a sense of presence in an immersive, computer-generated, three-dimensional, interactive environment that minimizes avoidance behavior and facilitates emotional involvement. From Curr Psychiatry Rep 2010, 12:298, MeSH Visual Function, Sight, Seeing Function, Sense of Sight, Sensory Visual Perception C0042789 Vision Ability The ability of perception of objects by the eye. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus Preference to visitors. Visitor Preference VAMS Visual Analog Mood Scales Visual Analog Mood Scale The Visual Analog Mood Scale (VAMS) is a reliable and valid measure of eight specific mood states: Afraid, Confused, Sad, Angry, Energetic, Tired, Happy, and Tense. This simple, brief test places minimal cognitive or linguistic demands on the respondent and is appropriate for neurologically impaired individuals or those who are unable to complete more verbally or cognitively demanding instruments. From https://www.parinc.com/Products/Pkey/471 Vision Impairment, Poor Vision, Low Vision, Dim Vision, Dimming Vision, Loss of Vision, Loss of Eyesight, Decreased Vision, Diminished Vision, Reduced Vision, Subnormal Vision, Eyesight Issue, Vision Loss, Impaired Vision C0042798 Visual Impairment Reduced ability to perceive visual stimuli. From the U.S. Nationcal Cancer Institute Thesaurus Voluntary Worker C0042960 Volunteer Persons who donate their services. From MeSH The program that volunteers visit people living in the long term care facilities to keep them entertained and supported. Volunteer Program C0080331 Walking An activity in which the body advances at a slow to moderate pace by moving the feet in a coordinated fashion. From MeSH Wandering Behaviour, Wandering in Dementia C0871597 Wandering Moving oneself through space while confused or otherwise cognitively impaired. From MeSH War experience of a person. War Experience Hobby of watching football game. Watching Football Game Hobby The activity of watching movies. Watching Moive Hobby of watching sports show, such as watching tennis game, and football game. Watching Sport Show Hobby Watching TV The activity of watching television. Watching Television Hobby of watching tennis game. Watching Tennis Game Hobby Weight Increased, Weight Increasing C0043094 Weight Gain Increase in body weight over existing weight. From MeSH Body Weight Loss, Weight Decreased, Lose Weight, Losing Weight, Decreased Weight C1262477 Weight Loss Decrease in existing body weight. From MeSH Allergy to Wheat, Wheat Hypersensitivity C0949570 Wheat Allergy Allergic reaction to wheat that is triggered by the immune system. From MeSH C0242665 The female partner in marriage. Wife C2825032 Withdrawal A social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus A person, who regardless of their sex assigned at birth, identifies as a woman. Woman Carpentry The activity of making items from wood. Woodworking Activity WFP Workforce Planning is the process of analyzing, forecasting, and planning workforce supply and demand, assessing gaps, and determining target talent management interventions to ensure that an organization has the right people - with the right skills in the right places at the right time - to fulfill its mandate and strategic objectives. From the U.S. National Institutes of Health Workforce Planning Worry Scale The Worry Scale is developed to assess anxiety-related uncontrollable negative thinking in financial, health, and social areas. From Wisocki, P. A., Handen, B., & Morse, C. K. (1986). The Worry Scale as a measure of anxiety among homebound and community active elderly. the Behavior Therapist, 9(5), 91–95. Yoga Therapy C1883583 Yoga An ancient system of practices used to balance the mind and body through exercise, meditation (focusing thoughts), and control of breathing and emotions. Yoga is being studied as a way to relieve stress and treat sleep problems in cancer patients. From the U.S. National Cancer Institute Thesaurus v1.0 Zhenyu Zhang 01/06/2022 This ontology is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA International 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/license/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Dementia-Related Emotional And Mood Disturbance Non-Pharmacological Treatment Ontology (DREAMDNPTO) This ontology represents the domain knowledge specific to non-pharmacological treatment of emotional and mood disturbances (including depression, apathy, anxiety, and euphoria in dementia) in people with dementia living in the long-term care setting. v1.0 This version contains all concepts and their relationships extracted from selected articles; contains classes adopted from psychotic symptom ontoloyg; has passed the reasoner and OOPS! evaluation; contains concepts from 1000 health records of people with dementia; and additional 100 health records for assessing the concept(term) saturation; contains concepts from domain experts. It has passed the domain expert evaluation.