Ashleigh Faith Faina Linkov Eugene Tseytlin Tanja Bekhuis The EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy (v2.0) was developed by the Evidence in Documents, Discovery, and Analytics (EDDA) Group: Tanja Bekhuis (Principal Scientist); Eugene Tseytlin (Systems Developer); Ashleigh Faith (Taxonomist); Faina Linkov (Epidemiologist). This work was made possible, in part, by the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, grant no. R00LM010943. Foundational research is described in Bekhuis T, Demner Fushman D, Crowley RS. Comparative effectiveness research designs: an analysis of terms and coverage in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree. Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA). 2013 April;101(2):92-100. PMC3634392. Coverage of the terminology appearing in JMLA was extended with terms from MeSH, NCI Thesaurus (NCI), Emtree, the HTA Database Canadian Repository [international repository for health technology assessment], and Robert Sandieson's synonym ring for research synthesis. Collected terms were enriched with terms from the NCI Metathesaurus. Variants include synonyms for preferred terms, singular and plural forms, and American and British spellings. Definitions, if they exist, are mainly from MeSH, NCI, Emtree, and medical dictionaries. A PDF of this taxonomy is available: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3769.2406/1 The EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy by Tanja Bekhuis and Eugene Tseytlin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). For information about this license, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. OWL file TCB Research & Indexing LLC EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy by Tanja Bekhuis and Eugene Tseytlin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). For information about this license, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Design Terminology, NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree, National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIT), NCI Metathesaurus, HTA Database Canadian Repository [international repository for health technology assessment], Robert Sandieson synonym ring for research synthesis. EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy 2.0 Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making contributions to the content of the resource. Contributor Examples of a Creator include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity. An entity primarily responsible for making the content of the resource. Creator Typically, Date will be associated with the creation or availability of the resource. Recommended best practice for encoding the date value is defined in a profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF] and follows the YYYY-MM-DD format. A date associated with an event in the life cycle of the resource. Date Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, table of contents, reference to a graphical representation of content or a free-text account of the content. An account of the content of the resource. Description Typically, Format may include the media-type or dimensions of the resource. Format may be used to determine the software, hardware or other equipment needed to display or operate the resource. Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the list of Internet Media Types [MIME] defining computer media formats). The physical or digital manifestation of the resource. Format Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organisation, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity. An entity responsible for making the resource available Publisher Typically, a Rights element will contain a rights management statement for the resource, or reference a service providing such information. Rights information often encompasses Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Copyright, and various Property Rights. If the Rights element is absent, no assumptions can be made about the status of these and other rights with respect to the resource. Information about rights held in and over the resource. Rights Management The present resource may be derived from the Source resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a resource from which the present resource is derived. Source Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally known. A name given to the resource. Title D018570 Research Activity C0524785 Assessment, Benefit-Risk Assessment, Risk-Benefit Assessments, Benefit-Risk Assessments, Risk-Benefit BENEFIT RISK ASSESS Benefit Risk Assessment Benefit-Risk Assessment Benefit-Risk Assessments RISK BENEFIT ASSESS Risk Benefit Assessment Risk-Benefit Assessment Risk-Benefit Assessments risk benefit assessment risk benefit assessment D004521 Educational Activity C0085848 ASSESS EDUC Assessment, Educational Assessments, Educational EDUC ASSESS Educational Assessment Educational Assessments educational assessment educational assessment D020380 Health Care Activity C0600569 Assessment, Educational Needs EDUC NEEDS ASSESS Education needs assessment Education needs assessment (procedure) Educational Needs Assessment Needs Assessment, Educational Needs Assessments, Educational education needs assessment educational needs assessment educational needs assessment Combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D062489 Health Care Activity C3494320 Assessment, Health Impact Assessments, Health Impact Health Impact Assessment Health Impact Assessments Health impact assessment Impact Assessment, Health Impact Assessments, Health health impact assessment health impact assessment C15821 Research Activity C1518499 Nutrition Research Applied Clinical Trial Nutrition Research Applied Clinical Trials nutrition research applied clinical trial nutrition research applied clinical trials nutrition research applied clinical trial C15822 Research Activity C1518500 Nutrition Research Applied Non-Clinical Trial Nutrition Research Applied Non-Clinical Trials nutrition research applied non-clinical trial nutrition research applied nonclinical trial nutrition research applied non-clinical trial C15823 Research Activity C1518501 Nutrition Research Basic Non-Clinical Trial Nutrition Research Basic Non-Clinical Trials nutrition research basic non-clinical trial nutrition research basic nonclinical trial nutrition research basic non-clinical trial Pragmatic cluster randomised trial Pragmatic cluster randomised trials Pragmatic cluster randomized trial Pragmatic cluster randomized trials pragmatic cluster randomized trial pragmatic cluster randomized trial D003431 Research Activity C0087107 Studies, Transcultural Study, Transcultural Transcultural Studies Transcultural Study cross-cultural study cross-cultural study A study design which includes a prospectively planned opportunity for modification of one or more specified aspects of the study design and/or hypotheses based on analysis of data, usually interim data. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] Ashleigh Faith C98704 Research Activity C3274373 Adaptive Design adaptive design adaptive designs adaptive studies adaptive study adaptive trial adaptive trials adaptive design A study performed secondary to and in support of a primary or base study in order to support, enhance, or expand upon its results or findings. [NCI 2014_12E] C15446 Research Activity C1510810 Adjuvant Study Adjuvant Trial Adjuvant Trials adjuvant studies adjuvant study adjuvant study A type of study designed to identify actions necessary to eliminate or reduce the risk to human life or well-being as a result of a particular medication, treatment regimen, procedure, or any other medical intervention. [NCI 2014_12E] C49655 Research Activity C1706601 Adverse Effect Mitigation Study adverse effect mitigation studies adverse effect mitigation study adverse effect mitigation study Ashleigh Faith analytic design analytic designs analytic research analytic studies analytic study analytic trial analytic trials analytical designs analytical research analytical studies analytical study analytical trial analytical trials analytical study A study that is secondary to another study. [NCI 2014_12E] C16041 Research Activity C1515980 Ancillary Study ancillary studies ancillary study ancillary study Animal disease whose pathologic mechanisms are sufficiently similar to those of a human disease for the animal disease to serve as a model. [NCI 2014_12E] Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D004195 C16504 Experimental Model of Disease C0012644 Animal Disease Model Animal Disease Models Animal Model of Disease DIS MODELS ANIMAL Disease Model, Animal Disease Models, Animal animal disease model animal disease model An animal that is amenable to experimentation and whose physiological or pathologic mechanisms are sufficiently similar to those of a human for the animal to serve as a model. [NCIT_16.01] Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing. [MeSH_2016] Tanja Bekhuis D023421 C71164 Research Activity C0599779 Models, Animal animal model animal models model, animal February 25, 2016 animal model A laboratory experiment using animals to study the development and progression of diseases. Animal studies also test how safe and effective new treatments are before they are tested in people. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C93130 Research Activity C0683949 Animal Study animal experiment animal experiments animal studies animal study animal study Applied study applied studies applied study applied study article review review of articles article review authors review review of authors authors review Pathways and other molecular and cellular processes which can be manipulated in bacteria, the results of which can be extrapolated to human systems. [NCI 2014_12E] C19167 Experimental Model of Disease C1511036 Bacterial Model bacterial model bacterial model D003625 Research Activity C0282121 Baseline Survey Baseline Surveys Survey, Baseline Surveys, Baseline baseline survey baseline survey before-after design before-after designs before-after studies before-after study before-after trial before-after trials before-and-after design before-and-after designs before-and-after studies before-and-after study before-and-after trial before-and-after trials before-after design Assessment of individual responses to age appropriate stimuli. [NCI 2014_12E] C81234 Health Care Activity C1160858 Assess behavior care Assess behaviour care Assessing behavior Assessing behaviour Behavior assessment Behavior assessment (procedure) Behavior care assessment Behavior care assessment (procedure) Behavioral Assessment Behavioral analysis Behavioral assessment Behavioral assessment (procedure) Behaviour assessment Behaviour care assessment Behavioural analysis Behavioural assessment behavior assessment behaviour assessment behaviour assessment benchmark study benchmark study Benefit assessment benefit assessment benefit assessment best-evidence synthesis best-evidence synthesis bibliometric studies bibliometric study bibliometric study D015233 Quantitative Concept C0026338 Binomial Model Binomial Models Model, Binomial Models, Binomial binomial model binomial model A study of the degree to which, or rate at which, a drug or other substance is absorbed or becomes available at the site of physiological activity after administration. [NCI 2014_12E] C49664 Research Activity C1706947 Bioavailability Study bioavailability study bioavailability study Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D008954 Intellectual Product C0026339 BIOL MODEL BIOL MODELS Biologic Model Biologic Models Biological Model Biological Models MODEL BIOL MODELS BIOL Model, Biologic Model, Biological Models, Biologic Models, Biological biological model biological model Evaluation of biomedical technology in relation to cost, efficacy, utilization, etc., and its future impact on social, ethical, and legal systems. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D013673 Health Care Activity C0039423 ASSESS BIOMED TECHNOL Assessment, Biomedical Technology Assessments, Biomedical Technology BIOMED TECHNOL ASSESS Biomedical Technology Assessment Biomedical Technology Assessments TECHNOL ASSESS BIOMED Technology Assessment, Biomedical Technology Assessments, Biomedical biomedical technology assessment biomedical technology assessment Monitoring of information sources of potential value in detecting an emerging epidemic, whether naturally occurring or the result of bioterrorism. [MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis population surveillance D055877 Health Care Activity biosurveillance biosurveillance blind design blind designs blind trial blind trials blind design The determination of genes suspected to be associated with specific traits, metabolic pathways, or diseases. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D056726 Molecular Biology Research Technique C2717881 Candidate Gene Association Studies Candidate Gene Association Study Candidate Gene Identification Discovery, Gene Gene Discovery Gene Identification, Candidate Identification, Candidate Gene candidate gene association study candidate gene association study care planning model care planning model A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). Researchers study the medical and lifestyle histories of the people in each group to learn what factors may be associated with the disease or condition. For example, one group may have been exposed to a particular substance that the other was not. [NCIT_14.05d] Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D016022 C15197 Research Activity C0007328 Case Comparison Studies Case Compeer Studies Case Control Studies Case Control Study Case Referent Studies Case-Comparison Studies Case-Comparison Study Case-Compeer Studies Case-Compeer Study Case-Control Studies Case-Control Study Case-Referent Studies Case-Referent Study Studies, Case Control Studies, Case-Comparison Studies, Case-Control Studies, Case-Referent Study, Case Control Study, Case-Comparison Study, Case-Compeer Study, Case-Control Study, Case-Referent case base design case base designs case base studies case base study case control design case control designs case control studies case control study case control trial case control trials case-base design case-base designs case-base studies case-base study case-comparison studies case-compeer studies case-control design case-control designs case-control studies case-control study case-control trial case-control trials case-referent studies case-referrent study control study, case case control design Case mix adjustment refers to the use of statistical procedures to permit comparison of treatment outcomes between providers with differing mix of patients with regard to diagnoses, severity of illness, and other variables associated with the probability of improvement with treatment.[ACORN: A Collaborative Outcomes Resource Network https://www.psychoutcomes.org/OutcomesMeasurement/CaseMixAdjustment] case mix adjustment model case mix adjustment models casemix adjustment model casemix adjustment models case mix adjustment model A group or series of case reports involving patients who were given similar treatment. Reports of case series usually contain detailed information about the individual patients. This includes demographic information (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin) and information on diagnosis, treatment, response to treatment, and follow-up after treatment. [NCIT_14.05d] a study that identifies and samples individuals with a particular disease or condition, noting characteristics of the disease or condition and persons afflicted. Case studies are often used to call attention to new diseases or to diseases entering new populations. [Case study | Emtree_2014] [Dorland's Medical Dictionary_2011] Ashleigh Faith C16229 Research Activity C0150093 case series case series design case series designs case series studies case series study case series trial case series trials large case series case series study A detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [Case study | NCIT_14.05d] A study that identifies and samples individuals with a particular disease or condition, noting characteristics of the disease or condition and persons afflicted. Case studies are often used to call attention to new diseases or to diseases entering new populations. [Emtree_2014] [Dorland's Medical Dictionary_2011] An uncontrolled observational study containing a detailed report of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports also contain some demographic information about the patient (for example, age, gender, ethnic origin). [NCIT_14.05d] Clinical presentations that may be followed by evaluative studies that eventually lead to a diagnosis. [Case report | MeSH_2014] Used for original items reporting clinical work on not more than 4 individual cases. [Emtree_2014] Ashleigh Faith D002363 C15362 Research Activity Intellectual Product C0085973 Case Studies Case Study case design case designs case histories case history case report case reports case studies case study case trial case trials case study C94357 Research Activity C2986486 Chemoprevention Study chemoprevention study chemoprevention study C15202 Research Activity C1707378 Child Development Study child development studies child development study child development study A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel to improve the quality of patient care and outcomes. The clinical audit was formally introduced in 1993 into the United Kingdom's National Health Service. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D054869 Health Care Activity clinical audit clinical audit Small-scale testing (usually on SBIRs) of new technology in a small group of patients or normal volunteers. Does not meet the rigorous criteria of a clinical trial. [NCI 2014_12E] C15791 Research Activity C1516634 Clinical Evaluation Clinical Testing clinical evaluation research clinical testing clinical evaluation clinical review clinical review A research study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes. [NCIT_14.05d] A type of research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods of screening, prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of a disease. [NCIT_14.05d] The detailed planning of studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. [NCI 2014_12E] Ashleigh Faith Clinical Trial Generic C15787 C71104 Research Activity C0008976 C1516636 Clinical Studies Clinical Study Clinical Trial Clinical Trials Clinical Trials Design Clinical Trials, Unspecified clinical studies clinical study clinical trial clinical trials trial, clinical clinical trial closed cohort studies closed cohort study cohort studies, closed cohort study, closed studies, closed cohort study, closed cohort closed cohort study Ashleigh Faith Cluster non-randomized controlled design cluster quasi randomised controlled design cluster quasi randomised controlled designs cluster quasi randomised controlled studies cluster quasi randomised controlled study cluster quasi randomised controlled trial cluster quasi randomised controlled trials cluster quasi randomized controlled designs cluster quasi randomized controlled studies cluster quasi randomized controlled study cluster quasi randomized controlled trial cluster quasi randomized controlled trials cluster quasi-randomised controlled design cluster quasi-randomised controlled designs cluster quasi-randomised controlled studies cluster quasi-randomised controlled study cluster quasi-randomised controlled trial cluster quasi-randomised controlled trials cluster quasi-randomized controlled design cluster quasi-randomized controlled designs cluster quasi-randomized controlled studies cluster quasi-randomized controlled study cluster quasi-randomized controlled trial cluster quasi-randomized controlled trials cluster quasi-randomized controlled design cluster randomised controlled design cluster randomised controlled designs cluster randomised controlled studies cluster randomised controlled study cluster randomised controlled trial cluster randomised controlled trials cluster randomized controlled design cluster randomized controlled designs cluster randomized controlled studies cluster randomized controlled study cluster randomized controlled trial cluster randomized controlled trials cluster randomized controlled design cluster randomised design cluster randomised designs cluster randomised studies cluster randomised study cluster randomised trial cluster randomised trials cluster randomized design cluster randomized designs cluster randomized studies cluster randomized study cluster randomized trial cluster randomized trials cluster randomized design stepped wedge design The examination of the cognitive capacities or deficits of an individual through the application of tests that probe that individual's ability to perform various mental activities such as perception, learning, and reasoning. [NCI 2014_12E] C62736 Diagnostic Procedure C0870300 Assessment: Cognition Cognitive Assessment cognitive assessment cognitive assessment cohort before-after design cohort before-after designs cohort before-after studies cohort before-after study cohort before-after trial cohort before-after trials cohort before-and-after design cohort before-and-after designs cohort before-and-after studies cohort before-and-after study cohort before-and-after trial cohort before-and-after trials cohort before-after design A research study that compares a particular outcome (such as lung cancer) in groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke compared with those who do not smoke). [NCIT_14.05d] Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics. [Cohort studies | MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D015331 C15208 Research Activity C0009247 Cohort Studies Cohort Study Studies, Cohort Study, Cohort analysis, cohort cohort analysis cohort design cohort designs cohort studies cohort study cohort trial cohort trials cohort study community-based participatory study community-based participatory study The Community Trial is a planned experiment that involves administering an exposure within a community in order to elucidate its impact on the incidence of a specific disease in that community. The community trial is a choice when exposure cannot be prevented among control group. [NCIT_14.05d] Ashleigh Faith C39365 Research Activity C1516736 Community Trial community design community designs community studies community study community trials community study D003625 Research Activity C0009483 Community Survey Community Surveys Survey, Community Surveys, Community community survey community survey Comparative effectiveness study comparative effectiveness study comparative effectiveness study Comparative evaluation comparative evaluation comparative evaluation comparative qualitative study comparative qualitative study Comparison of outcomes, results, responses, etc for different techniques, therapeutic approaches or other inputs. [Comparitive study | MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D003160 Intellectual Product Research Activity Comparative Studies Comparative Study comparative design comparative designs comparative studies comparative study comparative trial comparative trials comparative study Providing an investigational therapy to a patient who is not eligible to receive that therapy in a clinical trial, but who has a serious or life-threatening illness for which other treatments are not available. Compassionate use trials allow patients to receive promising but not yet fully studied or approved therapies when no other treatment option exists. Also called expanded access trial. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] Providing experimental therapies to very sick individuals even though they don't meet the critera for inclusion in a trial. [NCI 2014_12E] D057176 C71724 Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure C2718014 Access Trial, Expanded Compassionate Treatment Compassionate Use Trial Compassionate Use Trials Expanded Access Trial Expanded Access Trials Trial, Compassionate Use Trial, Expanded Access Trials, Compassionate Use Trials, Expanded Access Use Trials, Compassionate compassionate use trial expanded access trial compassionate use trial compilation of literature compilation of the literature compilation of literature complete review complete review comprehensive review comprehensive review Computer Model Computer Modeling Computer Models Models, Computer computer model computer model Concurrent Studies Concurrent Study Studies, Concurrent Study, Concurrent concurrent design concurrent designs concurrent studies concurrent study concurrent trial concurrent trials studies, concurrent concurrent design congruent synthesis congruent synthesis A clinical study that includes all eligible patients identified by the researchers during the study registration period. The patients are treated in the order in which they are identified. This type of study usually does not have a control group. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C93041 Research Activity C2985408 consecutive case series consecutive case series A structured representation of a collection of data. [NCI 2014_12E] C114459 Intellectual Product CL472300 Content Model content model content model The mathematical practice of applying a model to continuous data which has a potentially infinite number, and divisibility, of attributes. [NCI 2014_12E] C75361 Research Activity C2699430 Continuum Modeling continuum modeling continuum modelling continuum modeling A study in which observations are made before and after an intervention, both in a group that receives the intervention and in a control group that does not. [Controlled Before-After Studies | MeSH_2015] Tanja Bekhuis D065187 Quantitative Concept Research Activity controlled before-after design controlled before-after designs controlled before-after studies controlled before-after study controlled before-after trial controlled before-after trials controlled before-and-after design controlled before-and-after designs controlled before-and-after studies controlled before-and-after study controlled before-and-after trial controlled before-and-after trials November 7, 2014 controlled before-after design Work consisting of a clinical trial involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicine, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D018848 Intellectual Product Research Activity Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure Controlled Clinical Trial clinical trial, controlled controlled clinical design controlled clinical designs controlled clinical studies controlled clinical study controlled clinical trial controlled clinical trials controlled clinical trial controlled cohort before-after design controlled cohort before-after designs controlled cohort before-after studies controlled cohort before-after study controlled cohort before-after trial controlled cohort before-after trials controlled cohort before-and-after design controlled cohort before-and-after designs controlled cohort before-and-after studies controlled cohort before-and-after study controlled cohort before-and-after trial controlled cohort before-and-after trials controlled cohort before-after design An experiment or clinical trial that includes a comparison (control) group. [NCIT_14.05d] Used for original studies with a control group, i.e. in which previously defined groups are compared with each other. Also used for studies with control material or control procedures. Retrospective studies may also be included. [Emtree_2014] Ashleigh Faith C28279 Research Activity C0681867 Controlled Study controlled design controlled designs controlled studies controlled study controlled trial controlled trials controlled design controlled interrupted time series controlled interrupted time series Correlation Studies Correlation Study Correlative Study Studies, Correlation Study, Correlation correlation design correlation designs correlation studies correlation study correlation trial correlation trials correlational design correlational designs correlational studies correlational study correlational trial correlational trials correlational design cost-effective assessment cost-effectiveness assessment cost-effective assessment cost effectiveness evaluation cost-effectiveness evaluation cost-effectiveness evaluation cost-effectiveness model cost-effectiveness model cost-effectiveness pragmatic multicenter randomized trial cost-effectiveness pragmatic multicenter randomized trials cost-effectiveness pragmatic multicentre randomised trial cost-effectiveness pragmatic multicentre randomised trials cost-effectiveness pragmatic multicenter randomized trial cost-effectiveness study cost-effectiveness study critical interpretive synthesis critical interpretive synthesis critical review critical review A type of clinical study in which each study subject receives the same series of treatments but in a random order that differs across arms of the study. Each subject serves as their own control in this type of study. [NCIT_14.05d] A crossover design, sometimes called a counterbalanced design, is a type of experimental design in which every subject is exposed to every treatment in a balanced fashion. If there are just two treatments, at Time 1 half of the subjects receive Treatment A and the other half receive Treatment B. At Time 2 they ‘cross over,’ with the first half receiving Treatment B and the second half receiving Treatment A. Crossover designs are ‘Latin square’ designs in which each of k treatments is administered to each of k groups of subjects at k points in time (where k is equal to or greater than 2). They can also be used in assessing reliability when parallel forms are used. [Dictionary of nursing theory and research_2010] Participants receive one of two or more alternative intervention(s) during the initial epoch of the study and receive other intervention(s) during the subsequent epoch(s) of the study. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. [MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis D018592 C82637 Research Activity C0150097 Cross Over Design Cross Over Studies Cross Over Trials Cross-Over Design Cross-Over Designs Cross-Over Studies Cross-Over Study Cross-Over Trials Cross-over Crossover Design Crossover Designs Crossover Studies Crossover Study Crossover Trials Design, Cross-Over Design, Crossover Designs, Cross-Over Designs, Crossover Studies, Cross-Over Studies, Crossover Study, Cross-Over Study, Crossover Trial, Cross-Over Trial, Crossover Trials, Cross-Over Trials, Crossover cross over study cross-over design cross-over designs cross-over studies cross-over study cross-over study designs cross-over trial cross-over trials crossover design crossover designs crossover procedure crossover studies crossover study crossover study design crossover trial crossover trials procedure, crossover crossover design cross-sectional prevalence survey cross-sectional prevalence survey A study in which participants are examined at only a single time for characteristics of a disease. [NCIT_14.05d] Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith Epidemiologic methods [1975-1989] D003430 C53310 Research Activity C0010362 CROSS SECTIONAL STUDIES Cross Sectional Studies Cross Sectional Survey Cross-Sectional Studies Cross-Sectional Study Cross-Sectional Survey Cross-Sectional Surveys Studies, Cross-Sectional Study, Cross-Sectional Survey, Cross-Sectional Surveys, Cross-Sectional cross sectional design cross sectional design cross sectional designs cross sectional studies cross sectional study cross sectional trial cross sectional trials cross-sectional design cross-sectional designs cross-sectional research cross-sectional studies cross-sectional study cross-sectional survey cross-sectional trial cross-sectional trials crossectional study cross-sectional study current review current review data representativeness study data representativeness study data synthesis data synthesis data base design data base designs data base studies data base study data base trial data base trials database design database designs database studies database study database trial database trials database study Decision-analytic modeling decision analytic modeling decision-analytic model decision-analytic modelling decision-analytic model decision-analytic model-based economic evaluation decision-analytic model-based economic evaluation D003661 Intellectual Product C0086105 Decision Modeling Modeling, Decision decision model decision model D003661 Intellectual Product C0086635 Decision Support Model Decision Support Models Model, Decision Support Models, Decision Support decision support model decision support model An iterative questionnaire designed to measure consensus among individual responses. In the classic Delphi approach, there is no interaction between responder and interviewer. [MeSH_2016] delphi questionnaire delphi questionnaires delphi studies delphi study delphi survey delphi surveys delphi technique delphi techniques delphi study D003710 Research Activity C0242243 DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEYS Demographic and Health Survey Demographic and Health Surveys demographic and health survey demographic and health survey D003710 Research Activity C0011296 DEMOGR SURVEY DEMOGR SURVEYS Demographic Survey Demographic Surveys SURVEY DEMOGR SURVEYS DEMOGR Survey, Demographic Surveys, Demographic demographic survey demographic survey descriptive review descriptive review descriptive design descriptive designs descriptive research descriptive studies descriptive study descriptive trial descriptive trials descriptive study descriptive synthesis descriptive synthesis A series of neurocognitive tests for children from 3 to 16 years of age. NEPSY can be used for general, diagnostic, selective, or full assessment of neuropsychological development. (Copyright: Pearson Education, Inc; Marit Korkman, Ph.D., Ursula Kirk, Ph.D., and Sally Kemp, Ph.D., authors) [NCI 2014_12E] C95403 Intellectual Product C2987126 Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment NEPSY Neuropsychological Assessment developmental neuropsychological assessment developmental neuropsychological assessment Device Evaluation device evaluation device evaluation Performing a review of the manufacturing and production processes and/or records for a specific device or lot that may have contributed to problems with a device. [NCIT_16.01] C91978 Functional Concept C2984711 Device Process Evaluation Method device process evaluation method device process evaluation method Diagnostic evaluation diagnostic evaluation diagnostic evaluation D059026 Mental Process C2936631 Diagnostic Self Evaluation Diagnostic Self Evaluations Evaluations, Diagnostic Self Self Evaluation, Diagnostic Self Evaluations, Diagnostic diagnostic self evaluation diagnostic self evaluation Diagnostic Study Diagnostic Trial diagnostic design diagnostic designs diagnostic studies diagnostic study diagnostic trial diagnostic trials diagnostic study diagnostic test accuracy studies diagnostic test accuracy study diagnostic test accuracy study Representation of data as a chronological sequence of events. Each event occurs at an instant in time and marks a change of state in a system. [NCI 2014_12E] C75360 Research Activity C2699783 Discrete Modeling discrete modeling discrete modeling Surveys, Disease Frequency disease frequency survey disease frequency surveys surveys, disease frequency disease frequency survey Ashleigh Faith D004311 Research Activity double blind clinical design double blind clinical designs double blind clinical studies double blind clinical study double blind clinical trial double blind clinical trials double-blind clinical design double-blind clinical designs double-blind clinical studies double-blind clinical study double-blind clinical trial double-blind clinical trials double blind clinical design Ashleigh Faith D004311 Research Activity double blind comparison double-blind comparison double blind comparison Ashleigh Faith Research design [1977-1989] D004311 Research Activity double blind crossover design double blind crossover designs double blind crossover studies double blind crossover study double blind crossover trial double blind crossover trials double-blind crossover design double-blind crossover designs double-blind crossover studies double-blind crossover study double-blind crossover trial double-blind crossover trials double blind crossover design A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment. [Double-blind method | MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D004311 Research Activity Double Blind Study Double Masked Study Double-Blind Studies Double-Blind Study Double-Masked Studies Double-Masked Study Studies, Double-Blind Studies, Double-Masked Study, Double-Blind Study, Double-Masked double blind design double blind designs double blind studies double blind study double blind trial double blind trials double masked design double masked designs double masked studies double masked study double masked trial double masked trials double-blind design double-blind designs double-blind method double-blind studies double-blind study double-blind test double-blind tests double-blind trial double-blind trials double-masked design double-masked designs double-masked studies double-masked study double-masked trial double-masked trials double blind design double blind placebo-controlled parallel arm trial double blind placebo-controlled parallel arm trials double-blind placebo-controlled parallel arm trial double blind placebo-controlled parallel arm trial double blind placebo-controlled trial double-blind placebo-controlled trial double-blind placebo-controlled trials double blind placebo-controlled trial A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment. [Double-blind method | MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith Research design [1977-1989] D004311 Research Activity double blind randomized controlled trial double blinded randomised controlled design double blinded randomised controlled designs double blinded randomised controlled studies double blinded randomised controlled study double blinded randomised controlled trial double blinded randomised controlled trials double blinded randomized controlled design double blinded randomized controlled designs double blinded randomized controlled studies double blinded randomized controlled study double blinded randomized controlled trial double blinded randomized controlled trials double blinded rct double blinded rcts double-blinded randomised controlled design double-blinded randomised controlled designs double-blinded randomised controlled studies double-blinded randomised controlled study double-blinded randomised controlled trial double-blinded randomised controlled trials double-blinded randomized controlled design double-blinded randomized controlled designs double-blinded randomized controlled studies double-blinded randomized controlled study double-blinded randomized controlled trial double-blinded randomized controlled trials double-blinded rct double-blinded rcts double blind randomized controlled trial double blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel study double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel studies double-blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel study randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel studies randomised double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel studies randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel study double blind randomized placebo-controlled parallel study double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial Any process by which toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, preferred route of administration, safe dosage range, etc., for a drug or group of drugs is determined through clinical assessment in humans or veterinary animals. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D004341 Research Activity C0013175 Clinical drug trial Clinical drug trial (procedure) DRUG STUDY Drug Evaluation Drug Evaluation Studies Drug Evaluation Study Drug Evaluations Evaluation Studies, Drug Evaluation Study, Drug Evaluation, Drug Evaluations, Drug Studies, Drug Evaluation Study, Drug Evaluation drug evaluation testing of a drug drug evaluation The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis. [drug design | MeSH_2016] Drug Modeling Drug Modelings Modeling, Drug Modelings, Drug drug model drug model drug modelling drug models drug model Formal programs for assessing drug prescription against some standard. Drug utilization review may consider clinical appropriateness, cost effectiveness, and, in some cases, outcomes. Review is usually retrospective, but some analysis may be done before drugs are dispensed (as in computer systems which advise physicians when prescriptions are entered). Drug utilization review is mandated for Medicaid programs beginning in 1993. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017723 Health Care Activity C0206176 DRUG USE REV DRUG UTIL EVALUATION DRUG UTIL REV DUR Drug Use Review Drug Utilization Evaluation Drug Utilization Evaluations Drug Utilization Review Drug Utilization Reviews Drug-Use Review Drug-Use Reviews EVALUATION DRUG UTIL Evaluation, Drug Utilization Evaluations, Drug Utilization REV DRUG USE REV DRUG UTIL Review, Drug Use Review, Drug Utilization Review, Drug-Use Reviews, Drug Utilization Reviews, Drug-Use UTIL REV DRUG Utilization Evaluation, Drug Utilization Evaluations, Drug Utilization Review, Drug Utilization Reviews, Drug drug utilization evaluation drug utilization review drug utilization evaluation Clinical studies testing the efficacy of devices, techniques, procedures, or tests for earlier diagnosis of disease. [NCI 2014_12E] C71484 Research Activity C2348368 Early Detection Study Early Detection Trial early detection trial early detection trial ecological cross sectional design ecological cross sectional designs ecological cross sectional studies ecological cross sectional study ecological cross sectional trial ecological cross sectional trials ecological cross-sectional design ecological cross-sectional designs ecological cross-sectional studies ecological cross-sectional study ecological cross-sectional trial ecological cross-sectional trials ecological cross-sectional study a statistical study exploring hypotheses by comparing groups, rather than individuals, e.g., comparing rates of breast cancer and levels of fat intake by country. [Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary_2011] Tanja Bekhuis C53307 C1709599 Population Based Study ecologic studies ecologic study ecological design ecological designs ecological studies ecological study population based study population-based study ecological study The application of mathematical formulas and statistical techniques to the testing and quantifying of economic theories and the solution of economic problems. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017059 Quantitative Concept C0085562 Econometric Model Econometric Models Model, Econometric Models, Econometric econometric model econometric model economic model Economic Assessment Economic assessment economic assessment economic assessment economic decision model economic decision model Economic Evaluation Economic evaluation economic evaluation economic evaluations economic evaluation Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D018803 Intellectual Product C0013554 ECON MODEL ECON MODELS Economic Model Economic Models MODEL ECON MODELS ECON Model, Economic Models, Economic economic model economic modelling economic model economic modeling study economic modelling studies economic modelling study economic modeling study A study of the relative therapeutic efficacy of treatment of a disease. Usually this is a Phase II or III study. [NCI 2014_12E] C49666 Research Activity C1707887 Efficacy Study efficacy study efficacy study Empirical evaluation empirical evaluation empirical evaluation epidemiological review epidemiological review Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D016021 Research Activity EPIDEMIOL STUDIES Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiologic Study Epidemiological Studies Epidemiological Study STUDIES EPIDEMIOL Studies, Epidemiologic Studies, Epidemiological Study, Epidemiologic Study, Epidemiological epidemiological study epidemiological study ethnographic organisational studies ethnographic organisational study ethnographic organizational studies ethnographic organizational study ethnographic organizational study ... qualitative research developed by anthropologists, in which the researcher attends to and interprets communication while participating in the research context. [ Jonas: Mosby's Dictionary of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ethnographic+studies ] Tanja Bekhuis ethnographic studies ethnographic study March 6, 2016 ethnographic study Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. [Evaluation Studies as Topic | MeSH_2015] Systematic, objective appraisal of the significance, effectiveness, and impact of activities or condition according to specified objectives and criteria. [NCIT_16.03d] Tanja Bekhuis D005069 C25214 Research Activity activity C1516048 Assessment Assessments Evaluation Evaluation Studies Evaluations assessment assessments evaluation evaluation design evaluation designs evaluation studies evaluation study evaluations November 18, 2014 October 19, 2015 evaluation evidence assessment evidence assessment Evidence-based evaluation evidence-based evaluation evidence-based evaluation evidence report evidence reports evidence-based review report of evidence evidence report evidence synthesis synthesis of evidence evidence synthesis ex post facto design ex post facto designs ex post facto studies ex post facto study ex post facto trial ex post facto trials ex post facto design Exercise Evaluation exercise evaluation exercise evaluation D023421 Animal C0887965 Animal Model, Experimental Animal Models, Experimental Experimental Animal Model Experimental Animal Models Model, Experimental Animal Models, Experimental Animal experimental animal model experimental animal model Describes the role the study plays in determining the interventions a subject receives. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] A plan detailing how a study will be performed in order to represent the phenomenon under examination, to answer the research questions that have been asked, and defining the methods of data analysis. Study design is driven by research hypothesis being posed, study subject/population/sample available, logistics/resources: technology, support, networking, collaborative support, etc. [Study design | NCIT_14.05d] Study Design C15320 Research Activity C0035171 Design, Experimental Designs, Experimental Experiment Design Experimental Design Experimental Designs experimental design experimental designs experimental studies experimental study experimental trial experimental trials experimental design D008962 C17456 Intellectual Product C0086272 EXPER MODEL EXPER MODELS Experimental Model Experimental Models Experimental Models, Other MODEL EXPER MODELS EXPER Model, Experimental Models, Experimental experimental model experimental model face-to-face interview face-to-face interviews face-to-face interview A type of clinical study in which two or more treatments are given alone and in combination, such that all possible combinations are represented across the treatment arms, and are compared in parallel against the study control group. [NCIT_14.05d] Two or more interventions, each alone and in combination, are evaluated in parallel against a control group. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] Ashleigh Faith C82638 Research Activity C2826344 factorial design factorial designs factorial studies factorial study factorial trial factorial trials factorial design Fall risk assessment fall risk assessment fall risk assessment Research conducted on members of families, examining the affects of genetics, the environment, or twin offspring. [NCI 2014_12E] C15407 Research Activity C0199236 Familial Studies Familial Study Family Study familial study family study household study familial study feasibility assessment feasibility assessment fertility assessment fertility assessments fertility assessment C15516 Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure C0280429 Fertility Assessment and Management fertility assessment and management fertility assessment/management fertility management/assessment fertility assessment and management Any test to determine the fetal status, such as ultrasound or fetal heart rate monitoring. (NICHD) [NCI 2014_12E] C92920 Diagnostic Procedure C2985343 Assessment of Fetal Condition Fetal Assessment fetal assessment fetal assessment A descriptive or analytic study of risk factors or disease determinants in populations. Most epidemiologic and some genetic studies fit within this category. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C39404 Research Activity C1517184 field survey field surveys field survey file review review of files file review A method of data collection and a qualitative research tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D017144 Group focus group focus groups focus group Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] Study in which persons exposed to risk or given a designated preventive or therapeutic regimen are observed over a period or at intervals to determine the outcome of the exposure or regimen. (On-line Medical Dictionary) [NCI 2014_12E] D005500 C15234 Research Activity C0016441 Follow Up Studies Follow-Up Studies Follow-Up Study Follow-up Study Followup Studies Followup Study Studies, Follow-Up Studies, Followup Study, Follow-Up Study, Followup follow-up study followup study follow-up study formative assessment formative evaluation formative evaluation An appraisal of the operation and performance of an object of interest. [NCI 2014_12E] C81250 Intellectual Product CL448993 Functional Assessment functional assessment functional assessment C19168 Experimental Model of Disease C1517330 Fungi Model fungi model fungi model Models of human disease produced through gene knockout methods [NCI 2014_12E] C18803 Experimental Model of Disease C1517490 Gene Knock-Out Model gene knock-out model gene knock-out model The analysis of a sequence such as a region of a chromosome, a haplotype, a gene, or an allele for its involvement in controlling the phenotype of a specific trait, metabolic pathway, or disease. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D056726 Molecular Biology Research Technique C2717878 Association Studies, Genetic Association Study, Genetic Genetic Association Studies Genetic Association Study Studies, Genetic Association Study, Genetic Association genetic association study genetic association study C16160 Research Activity C1517511 Genetic Population Study genetic population study genetic population study Genetic risk assessment genetic risk assessment genetic risk assessment An examination of genetic material for the presence or absence of cytogenetic or molecular genetic abnormalities. [NCI 2014_12E] C84431 Research Activity C2827447 Genetic Study genetic study genetic study A study that looks at the genetic variations found in individuals to determine if either a variant or a set of variants is associated with a trait, biological process or disease. [NCI 2014_12E] An analysis comparing the allele frequencies of all available (or a whole GENOME representative set of) polymorphic markers in unrelated patients with a specific symptom or disease condition, and those of healthy controls to identify markers associated with a specific disease or condition. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D055106 C93020 Molecular Biology Research Technique C2350277 Association Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genome-Wide GWA Studies GWA Study GWAS Genome Wide Association Analysis Genome Wide Association Scan Genome Wide Association Studies Genome Wide Association Study Genome-Wide Association Analysis Genome-Wide Association Studies Genome-Wide Association Study Studies, GWA Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, GWA Study, Genome-Wide Association WGA study WGAS Whole Genome Association Analysis Whole Genome Association Study genome-wide association study whole genome association study genome-wide association study Evaluation of the level of physical, physiological, or mental functioning in the older population group. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] The complete examination of an elderly individual, which includes a full valuation of the physical and cognitive conditions, as well as a check of the patient's emotional state. [NCI 2014_12E] D015577 C116565 Health Care Activity C0017463 ASSESS GERIATRIC Assessment, Geriatric Assessments, Geriatric Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment GERIATRIC ASSESS GS - Geriatric screening Geriatric Assessment Geriatric Assessments Geriatric screening Geriatric screening (procedure) comprehensive geriatric assessment geriatric assessment geriatric assessment group randomised design group randomised designs group randomised studies group randomised study group randomised trial group randomised trials group randomized design group randomized designs group randomized studies group randomized study group randomized trial group randomized trials group randomized design head to head design head to head designs head to head studies head to head study head to head trial head to head trials head-to-head design head-to-head designs head-to-head studies head-to-head study head-to-head trial head-to-head trials head-to-head design The Health Care Delivery Study is one that focuses on economic and social effects of health care practice and delivery. [NCI 2014_12E] C39416 Research Activity C1512345 Health Care Delivery Study health care delivery study health care delivery study D020380 Health Care Activity C0011741 ASSESS HEALTH CARE NEEDS ASSESS HEALTHCARE NEEDS Assessment of Health Care Needs Assessment of Healthcare Needs DETERMINATION HEALTH CARE NEEDS DETERMINATION HEALTHCARE NEEDS Determination of Health Care Needs Determination of Healthcare Needs Needs Assessment, Healthcare Needs Assessments, Healthcare health care needs assessment healthcare needs assessment health care needs assessment Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure). [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017063 Occupational Activity C0085565 Assessment, Outcome (Health Care) Assessments, Outcome (Health Care) OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTHCARE) Outcome Assessment (Health Care) Outcome Assessments (Health Care) health care outcome assessment healthcare outcome assessment health care outcome assessment The systemic measurement of the quality of health care that includes a broad set of perfomance measures such as the quality of services and the outcomes analysis for particular diseases and conditions, mortality and morbidity, patient safety, data on maternal and child health, as well as evaluation of quality of diagnosis, care excessability, implementation of proven evidence-based practices, quality of reporting systems for errors and adverse events, reliability and excessability of health and health care-related information, and health care organizations infrastructure. [NCI 2014_12E] D011785 C41392 Qualitative Concept C0086887 Assessment, Healthcare Quality Assessments, Healthcare Quality HEALTH CARE QUAL ASSESS HEALTHCARE QUAL ASSESS Health Care Quality Assessment Healthcare Quality Assessment Healthcare Quality Assessments QUAL ASSESS HEALTH CARE QUAL ASSESS HEALTHCARE Quality Assessment, Health Care Quality Assessment, Healthcare Quality Assessments, Healthcare Quality of Health Care Assessment health care quality assessment health care quality assessment Statistical measures of utilization and other aspects of the provision of health care services including hospitalization and ambulatory care. [Health care surveys | MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis D019538 Research Activity Surveys, Healthcare health care survey health care surveys healthcare survey healthcare surveys health care survey health economic assessment health economic assessment Health Economic evaluations Health economic evaluation health economic evaluation health economic evaluations health economic evaluation A multidisciplinary field of inquiry that examines the costs, quality, accessibility, delivery, organization, financing, and outcomes of health care services. [NCI 2014_12E] The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed) [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D006302 C15245 Research Activity C0018757 Evaluation, Health Services Evaluations, Health Services HEALTH SERV EVALUATION Health Services Evaluation Health Services Evaluations health services evaluation health services evaluation A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area. [Health surveys | MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis D006306 Research Activity Health Surveys health survey health surveys health survey HTA Health Technology Assessment Health technology assessment health technology assessment health technology assessments health technology assessment A statistical model in which the system being modeled has unknown parameters, but the hidden parameters can be determined from the observable parameters. While the state is not directly visible, the variables influenced by the state are visible. Each state has a probability distribution over the possible output tokens. Therefore the sequence of tokens generated by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) gives some information about the sequence of states. [NCI 2014_12E] C75940 Research Activity C2697586 HMM Hidden Markov Model hidden markov model hidden markov model The microscopic study of characteristic tissue abnormalities by employing various cytochemical and immunocytochemical stains. [NCI 2014_12E] C18190 Diagnostic Procedure CL415099 Histopathologic Examination Histopathologic Study histopathologic examination histopathologic study histopathologic study A study that compares a group of participants receiving an intervention with a similar group from the past who did not. [Historically Controlled Study | MeSH_2015] Tanja Bekhuis D065386 Quantitative Concept Research Activity historical control design historical control designs historical control studies historical control study historical control trial historical control trials historically controlled design historically controlled designs historically controlled studies historically controlled study historically controlled trial historically controlled trials November 7, 2014 historically controlled design home risk assessments home risk assessments Home sleep studies home sleep study home sleep study An approach to modeling a protein structure based on an initial sequence alignment to a protein with a known 3D structure. After evaluating and resolving structural irregularities in the initial model, it may be further refined using energy minimization and other procedures. [NCI 2014_12E] C19234 Molecular Biology Research Technique C1512489 Homology Modeling homology modeling homology modelling homology modeling hospital based case control design hospital based case control studies hospital based case control study hospital based case control trial hospital based case-control design hospital based case-control studies hospital based case-control study hospital based case-control trial hospital-based case control design hospital-based case control designs hospital-based case control studies hospital-based case control study hospital-based case control trials hospital-based case-control designs hospital-based case-control studies hospital-based case-control study hospital-based case-control trials hospital-based case control design The Human Pharmacology Study is a clinical study that involves one or more of following activities: assesses tolerance to the agent, defines/describes pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, explores drug metabolism, drugs interactions, and evaluates agent activity. The term usually refers to early clinical stages of drug development. [NCI 2014_12E] C39421 Research Activity C1512514 Human Pharmacology Study human pharmacology study human pharmacology study human experiment human experiments human studies human study human study The integration of both discrete and continuum modeling techniques in representing distinct dynamics and topographic regions of a system. [NCI 2014_12E] C75362 Research Activity C2697632 Hybrid Modeling hybrid modeling hybrid modeling A radiographic technique used to evaluate a specific anatomic location for a specific purpose. [NCI 2014_12E] C63859 Diagnostic Procedure C1881134 Image Study Imaging Study Imaging study imaging study imaging study Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of immune system, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electrical equipment. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D018448 Intellectual Product C0242653 IMMUNOL MODEL IMMUNOL MODELS Immunologic Model Immunologic Models Immunological Model Immunological Models MODEL IMMUNOL MODELS IMMUNOL Model, Immunologic Model, Immunological Models, Immunologic Models, Immunological immunological model immunological model Impact assessment Impact evaluation impact assessment in silico model in silico model in silico study in silico study C19146 Experimental Model of Disease C1515654 In Vitro Model in vitro model in vitro model in vitro design in vitro designs in vitro studies in vitro study in vitro study C19148 Experimental Model of Disease C1515657 In Vivo Model in vivo model in vivo model in vivo design in vivo designs in vivo studies in vivo study in vivo study incidence cohort study incidence cohort study Incidence Studies Incidence Study Studies, Incidence Study, Incidence incidence studies incidence study incidence study MIPD individual patient data meta analysis individual patient data meta-analysis individual patient data metaanalysis individual patient data review ipd meta analysis ipd meta-analysis ipd metaanalysis ipd review meta analysis of individual participant data meta analysis of individual patient data meta-analysis of individual participant data meta-analysis of individual patient data metaanalysis of individual participant data metaanalysis of individual patient data individual patient data meta-analysis An assessment used to indicate a person's overall level of fitness, including tests used to assess a person's muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility. [NCI 2014_12E] C88185 Diagnostic Procedure C2981729 Integrated Fitness Assessment integrated fitness assessment integrated fitness assessment integrative research review integrative research review integrative review integrative review Studies that bring together multiple scientific disciplines to address specific issues. [NCI 2014_12E] C15428 Research Activity C0242479 Interdisciplinary Research Interdisciplinary Studies Interdisciplinary Study Studies, Interdisciplinary Study, Interdisciplinary interdisciplinary research interdisciplinary study interdisciplinary study multidisciplinary study international review international review interpretive synthesis interpretive synthesis A study that uses observations at multiple time points before and after an intervention (the "interruption"), in an attempt to detect whether the intervention has had an effect significantly greater than any underlying trend over time. [Interrupted Time Series Analysis | MeSH_2015] Tanja Bekhuis D065186 Quantitative Concept Research Activity ITS studies ITS study interrupted time series interrupted time series analyses interrupted time series analysis interrupted time series design interrupted time series designs interrupted time series studies interrupted time series study interrupted time series trial interrupted time series trials November 7, 2014 interrupted time series design interrupted time series with comparison group interrupted time series with comparison groups interrupted time series with comparison group interrupted time series without comparison group interrupted time series without comparison groups interrupted time series without comparison group The Intervention Community Trial is a controlled study that involves modification of causal or conjectural causal factors in a population to test a cause-effect relationship. [NCI 2014_12E] C39435 Research Activity C1512905 Intervention Community Trial intervention community trial intervention community trial Intervention Model intervention model intervention model A pre-clinical or clinical study in human beings in which individuals are assigned by an investigator based on a protocol to receive specific interventions. The individuals are then followed and biomedical and/or health outcomes are assessed. [NCI 2014_12E] C16140 Research Activity CL448347 Intervention Studies Intervention Study Intervention Trial Interventional Study Studies, Intervention Study, Intervention interventional study interventional study A conversation with an individual regarding his or her background and other personal and professional details, opinions on specific subjects posed by the interviewer, etc. [NCIT_14.05d] Work consisting of a conversation with an individual regarding his or her background and other personal and professional details, opinions on specific subjects posed by the interviewer, etc. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D017203 C16751 Intellectual Product Occupational Activity Research Activity C0021822 interview studies interview study oral history interview study C53357 Research Activity C1708591 Joinpoint Model joinpoint model joinpoint model knowledge synthesis knowledge synthesis C79295 Regulation or Law C2697864 Label Comprehension Studies label comprehension study label comprehension study D023421 Animal C0887966 Animal Model, Laboratory Animal Models, Laboratory Laboratory Animal Model Laboratory Animal Models Model, Laboratory Animal Models, Laboratory Animal laboratory animal model laboratory animal model C28278 Laboratory Procedure C0681827 Laboratory Study Laboratory studies laboratory study laboratory study level 3 sleep studies level 3 sleep study level III sleep studies level III sleep study level III sleep study level II sleep studies level II sleep study level II sleep study level I sleep studies level I sleep study level I sleep study Collection and analysis of data pertaining to operations of a particular library, library system, or group of independent libraries, with recommendations for improvement and/or ordered plans for further development. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D008000 Occupational Activity C0023632 Library Survey Library Surveys Survey, Library Surveys, Library library survey library survey literature-based studies literature-based study literature-based study ... examination of published material on a subject. It may be comprehensive to various degrees and the time range of material scrutinized may be broad or narrow, but the reviews most often desired are reviews of the current literature. The textual material examined may be equally broad and can encompass, in medicine specifically, clinical material as well as experimental research or case reports. State-of-the-art reviews tend to address more current matters. [MeSH_2014] Significant review of original research. [Emtree_2014] Ashleigh Faith D016454 Intellectual Product literature review literature reviews review literature review of literature review of literatures review of the literature review, academic literature review literature synthesis synthesis of the literature literature synthesis longitudinal cohort study longitudinal cohort study Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time. [MeSH_2014] a study in which participants, processes, or systems are studied over time, with data being collected at multiple intervals. The two main types are prospective s. and retrospective s. Cf. cross-sectional study [Emtree_2014] [Doralnd's Medaical Dictionary_2011] Ashleigh Faith Epidemiologic Methods [1966-1974] D008137 Quantitative Concept Research Activity Longitudinal Studies Longitudinal Study Longitudinal Survey Longitudinal Surveys Studies, Longitudinal Study, Longitudinal Survey, Longitudinal Surveys, Longitudinal longitudinal design longitudinal designs longitudinal evaluation longitudinal studies longitudinal study longitudinal survey longitudinal trial longitudinal trials longitudinal study Health Care Activity C0525054 Case Studies, Management Management Case Studies Studies, Management Case management case study management case study mapping studies mapping study mapping study A clinical study that is designed using a procedure in which one or more parties to the study [subject(s), investigator(s), monitor, or/and data analyst(s)] are kept unaware of the treatment assignment(s). [NCI 2014_12E] C70840 Research Activity C2347038 Blind Clinical Study Blinded Clinical Study Blinded Clinical Trial Masked Clinical Study blind study blinded study masked clinical study masked clinical study Ashleigh Faith D016022 Research Activity Matched Case Control Studies Matched Case-Control Studies Matched Case-Control Study Studies, Matched Case-Control Study, Matched Case-Control matched case control matched case control design matched case control designs matched case control studies matched case control study matched case control trial matched case control trials matched case-control design matched case-control designs matched case-control studies matched case-control study matched case-control trial matched case-control trials matched case control design Studies focusing on the involvement of maternal factors (and efforts to modify these factors) that may affect the health of the child or fetus: smoking or exposure to drugs or toxic chemicals during pregnancy, maternal/fetal immunologic interactions. [NCI 2014_12E] C15812 Research Activity C1513012 Maternal and Child Health Study maternal and child health study maternal and child health study Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. [NCI 2014_12E] D008962 C16870 Intellectual Product C0026350 Math Models Mathematical Models Model (Theoretical) Model, Theoretical Models (Theoretical) Models, Theoretic Models, Theoretical Theoretical Model Theoretical Models Theoretical model math model mathematical model mathematical modeling mathematical modelling theoretical model mathematical model An appraisal or evaluation of a patient's condition by a clinician that is based on a physical exam, medical history, and the patient's account of symptoms. [NCI 2014_12E] C25305 Health Care Activity C0582103 Medical Assessment Medical Exam Medical Examination Medical Inspection Medical assessment Medical assessment (procedure) medical assessment medical examination medical assessment C53590 Functional Concept C1708965 Medical Device Usage and Evaluation medical device usage and evaluation medical device usage and evaluation C54343 Functional Concept C1708972 Medical Product Usage and Evaluation medical product usage and evaluation medical product usage and evaluation A detailed review and evaluation of selected clinical records by qualified professional personnel for evaluating quality of medical care. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D008485 Health Care Activity Audit, Medical Audits, Medical Med Audit Medical Audits medical audit medical record review medical records review review of medical records medical records review A set of statistical procedures designed to accumulate experimental and correlational results across independent studies that address a related set of research questions. [NCIT_14.05d] The formal evaluation of the quantitative evidence from two or more trials bearing on the same question. NOTE: This most commonly involves the statistical combination of summary statistics from the various trials, but the term is sometimes also used to refer to the combination of the raw data. [from ICH E9 Glossary] [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] Used for original reports evaluating medical interventions by the statistical analysis of a large collection of analysis results from individual studies, for the purpose of integrating the findings; not limited to clinical trials. [Emtree_2014] Works consisting of studies using a quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc. It is often an overview of clinical trials. It is usually called a meta-analysis by the author or sponsoring body and should be differentiated from reviews of literature. [MeSH_2015] Ashleigh Faith Tanja Bekhuis D017418 C17886 Intellectual Product Research Activity C0920317 Meta-Analysis Meta-analysis analysis, meta meta anal meta analyses meta analysis meta study meta-analyses meta-analysis meta-studies meta-study meta-syntheses meta-synthesis metaanal metaanalyses metaanalysis January 7, 2015 meta-analysis meta-epidemiological studies meta-epidemiological study meta-epidemiological study meta-ethnographic studies meta-ethnographic study meta-ethnography meta-ethnographic study meta-review meta-reviews overview of reviews overview review overview reviews review of reviews umbrella review umbrella reviews overview of reviews C17870 Diagnostic Procedure C0280606 Abnormal Assessment of Metabolism Metabolic Abnormality Assessment Metabolic Assessment Metabolic Assessment, Abnormality Metabolic Studies Metabolism Studies assessment of metabolism metabolic abnormality assessment metabolic assessment metabolism studies metabolic assessment METHODOL STUDIES METHODOL STUDY Methodological Studies Methodological Study STUDIES METHODOL STUDY METHODOL Studies, Methodological Study, Methodological methodological study methodological study The clinical research that involves testing an approved drug with a well-known adverse event profile, and includes physiologic measurements and procedures that carry little risk to the participant. [NCI 2014_12E] C41386 Research Activity C1513314 Minimal Risk Study minimal risk study minimal risk study mixed-method evaluation mixed-methods evaluation mixed-method evaluation mixed-methods case study mixed-methods case study mixed-methods feasibility study mixed-methods feasibility study A representation of something, often idealized or modified to make it conceptually easier to understand. [NCIT_15.09d] Tanja Bekhuis C16866 Intellectual Product Model Model System Modeling Modeling System Models model modelling models October 19, 2015 model model-based economic evaluation model-based economic evaluation Model, Molecular Models, Molecular Molecular Model Molecular Models molecular model molecular model C93018 Health Care Activity C2985397 Molecular Risk Assessment molecular risk assessment molecular risk assessment Mortality Risk Model mortality risk model mortality risk model The use of special strains of mice to study a human disease or condition, and how to prevent and treat it. [NCIT_16.01] C94604 Experimental Model of Disease C2986594 Mouse Model mouse model mouse model multi-center prospective controlled observational studies multi-center prospective controlled observational study multi-centre prospective controlled observational studies multi-centre prospective controlled observational study multi-center prospective controlled observational study multi-center retrospective cohort studies multi-center retrospective cohort study multi-centre retrospective cohort studies multi-centre retrospective cohort study multi-center retrospective cohort study Multicentre cluster randomised trial Multicentre cluster randomised trials multicenter cluster randomized trial multicenter cluster randomized trials multicenter cluster randomized trial A clinical trial that is carried out at more than one medical institution. [NCIT_16.01] Works about controlled studies which are planned and carried out by several cooperating institutions to assess certain variables and outcomes in specific patient populations, for example, a multicenter study of congenital anomalies in children. [MeSH_2016] D015337 C16104 Research Activity C0206012 Multi-Institutional Clinical Trial Multicenter Trial Multicenter Trials Multicentre Trial Multicentre Trials Trial, Multicenter Trial, Multicentre Trials, Multicenter Trials, Multicentre multicenter studies multicenter study multicenter trial multicenter trial multicentre survey multicentre survey Multi-center randomized controlled trial Multi-center randomized controlled trials Multi-centre randomised controlled trial Multi-centre randomised controlled trials multi-center randomized controlled studies multi-center randomized controlled study multi-center randomized controlled trial multi-centre randomised controlled studies multi-centre randomised controlled study multicentred randomised controlled trial randomised controlled multicentre trial multi-center randomized controlled trial multidisciplinary research multidisciplinary studies multidisciplinary study multidisciplinary study interdisciplinary study multiple case report multiple case study multiple case study narrative review narrative reviews narrative review narrative synthesis narrative synthesis national survey national survey A naturally occurring situation that has many of the trappings of a formal laboratory experiment in that one can identify factors that function as independent variables although they are not controlled in the usual sense. For example, one could study the role of schooling in vocabulary development in children by comparing the number of new words learned during the summer with the number learned during the months just preceding and following. [Penguin Dictionary of Psychology_2009] Tanja Bekhuis natural experiment natural experiments December 3, 2014 natural experiment Systematic identification of a population's needs or the assessment of individuals to determine the proper level of services needed. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D020380 Health Care Activity C0558005 Assessment of needs Assessment of needs (procedure) NEEDS ASSESS Needs Assessment Needs Assessments Needs assessment needs assessment needs assessment C15566 Research Activity C1513920 Neoadjuvant Study neoadjuvant study study, neoadjuvant neoadjuvant study A study in which a group or cohort of individuals is followed for a certain length of time or until a specific outcome is reached. Studies of this type incorporate the strengths of both cohort and case-control studies but eliminates a portion of the methodologic challenges inherent in both types of studies. [NCIT_14.05d] Ashleigh Faith C48202 Research Activity C0027775 Nested Case Control Studies Nested Case-Control Studies Nested Case-Control Study Nested Case-control Study Studies, Nested Case-Control Study, Nested Case-Control nested case control design nested case control designs nested case control studies nested case control study nested case control trial nested case control trials nested case-control design nested case-control designs nested case-control studies nested case-control study nested case-control trial nested case-control trials nested case control design network meta-analysis network meta-analysis A computer algorithm to solve non-linear optimization problems. The algorithm was derived in analogy to the way the densely interconnected, parallel structure of the brain processes information. [NCI 2014_12E] A computer architecture, implementable in either hardware or software, modeled after biological neural networks. Like the biological system in which the processing capability is a result of the interconnection strengths between arrays of nonlinear processing nodes, computerized neural networks, often called perceptrons or multilayer connectionist models, consist of neuron-like units. A homogeneous group of units makes up a layer. These networks are good at pattern recognition. They are adaptive, performing tasks by example, and thus are better for decision-making than are linear learning machines or cluster analysis. They do not require explicit programming. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D016571 C17429 Intellectual Product Machine Activity C0870951 Connectionist Model Connectionist Models Model, Connectionist Model, Neural Network Models, Connectionist Models, Neural Network Network Model, Neural Network Models, Neural Network, Neural (Computer) Networks, Neural (Computer) Neural Network Neural Network (Computer) Neural Network Model Neural Network Models Neural Network Simulation Neural Networks (Computer) Perceptron Perceptrons neural network neural network (computer simulation of nervous system) neural network (computer) neural network model neural network model A model that simulates behavior or neurological activity using computers and/or mathematical representation. [NCI 2014_12E] Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D008959 C16868 Intellectual Product C0026345 MODEL NEUROL MODELS NEUROL Model, Neurologic Model, Neurological Models, Neurologic Models, Neurological NEUROL MODEL NEUROL MODELS Neurologic Model Neurologic Models Neurological Model Neurological Models neurologic model neurologic model A neuromuscular examination of a newborn's developmental characteristics. [NCI 2014_12E] C89516 Intellectual Product C2982894 Neuromuscular Maturity Assessment neuromuscular maturity assessment neuromuscular maturity assessment child development study non-comparative design non-comparative designs non-comparative studies non-comparative study non-comparative trial non-comparative trials noncomparative design noncomparative designs noncomparative studies noncomparative study noncomparative trial noncomparative trials non-comparative study Uncontrolled Study non-controlled design non-controlled designs non-controlled studies non-controlled study non-controlled trial non-controlled trials noncontrolled design noncontrolled designs noncontrolled studies noncontrolled study noncontrolled trial noncontrolled trials uncontrolled design uncontrolled designs uncontrolled studies uncontrolled study uncontrolled trial uncontrolled trials non-controlled design non-equivalent control group design non-equivalent control group designs non-equivalent control group design non-experimental design non-experimental designs non-experimental studies non-experimental study non-experimental trial non-experimental trials nonexperimental design nonexperimental designs nonexperimental studies nonexperimental study nonexperimental trial nonexperimental trials non-experimental design Nonrandomized Clinical Trial clinical trial, non-randomised clinical trial, non-randomized clinical trial, nonrandomised clinical trial, nonrandomized clinical trials, non-randomised clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, nonrandomised clinical trials, nonrandomized non-randomised clinical trial non-randomised clinical trials non-randomized clinical trial non-randomized clinical trials nonrandomised clinical trial nonrandomised clinical trials nonrandomized clinical trial nonrandomized clinical trials non-randomized clinical trial non-randomised comparative design non-randomised comparative designs non-randomised comparative studies non-randomised comparative study non-randomised comparative trial non-randomised comparative trials non-randomized comparative design non-randomized comparative designs non-randomized comparative studies non-randomized comparative study non-randomized comparative trial non-randomized comparative trials nonrandomised comparative design nonrandomised comparative designs nonrandomised comparative studies nonrandomised comparative study nonrandomised comparative trial nonrandomised comparative trials nonrandomized comparative design nonrandomized comparative designs nonrandomized comparative studies nonrandomized comparative study nonrandomized comparative trial nonrandomized comparative trials non-randomized comparative design A study where participants are assigned to a treatment, procedure, or intervention my methods that are not random. Non-randomized clinical trials are sometimes referred to as quasi-experimental clinical trials or non-equivalent control group designs. [Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | MeSH_2015] Tanja Bekhuis D065228 Quantitative Concept Research Activity non-randomised controlled design non-randomised controlled designs non-randomised controlled studies non-randomised controlled study non-randomised controlled trial non-randomised controlled trials non-randomized controlled design non-randomized controlled designs non-randomized controlled studies non-randomized controlled study non-randomized controlled trial non-randomized controlled trials nonrandomised controlled design nonrandomised controlled designs nonrandomised controlled studies nonrandomised controlled study nonrandomised controlled trial nonrandomised controlled trials nonrandomized controlled design nonrandomized controlled designs nonrandomized controlled studies nonrandomized controlled study nonrandomized controlled trial nonrandomized controlled trials November 7, 2014 non-randomized controlled design non-randomised cross-over design non-randomised cross-over designs non-randomised cross-over studies non-randomised cross-over study non-randomised cross-over trial non-randomised cross-over trials non-randomised crossover design non-randomised crossover designs non-randomised crossover studies non-randomised crossover study non-randomised crossover trial non-randomised crossover trials non-randomized cross-over design non-randomized cross-over designs non-randomized cross-over studies non-randomized cross-over study non-randomized cross-over trial non-randomized cross-over trials non-randomized crossover design non-randomized crossover designs non-randomized crossover studies non-randomized crossover study non-randomized crossover trial non-randomized crossover trials nonrandomised cross-over design nonrandomised cross-over designs nonrandomised cross-over studies nonrandomised cross-over study nonrandomised cross-over trial nonrandomised cross-over trials nonrandomised crossover design nonrandomised crossover designs nonrandomised crossover studies nonrandomised crossover study nonrandomised crossover trial nonrandomised crossover trials nonrandomized cross-over design nonrandomized cross-over designs nonrandomized cross-over studies nonrandomized cross-over study nonrandomized cross-over trial nonrandomized cross-over trials nonrandomized crossover design nonrandomized crossover designs nonrandomized crossover studies nonrandomized crossover study nonrandomized crossover trial nonrandomized crossover trials nonrandomized crossover design non-randomised design non-randomised designs non-randomised studies non-randomised study non-randomised trial non-randomised trials non-randomized design non-randomized designs non-randomized studies non-randomized study non-randomized trial non-randomized trials nonrandomised design nonrandomised designs nonrandomised studies nonrandomised study nonrandomised trial nonrandomised trials nonrandomized design nonrandomized designs nonrandomized studies nonrandomized study nonrandomized trial nonrandomized trials non-randomized design non-concurrent cohort design non-concurrent cohort designs non-concurrent cohort studies non-concurrent cohort study non-concurrent cohort trial non-concurrent cohort trials nonconcurrent cohort design nonconcurrent cohort designs nonconcurrent cohort studies nonconcurrent cohort study nonconcurrent cohort trial nonconcurrent cohort trials nonconcurrent cohort study A clinical study that includes some, but not all, of the eligible patients identified by the researchers during the study registration period. This type of study does not usually have a control group. [NCIT_14.08d] C93042 Research Activity C2985409 nonconsecutive case series nonconsecutive case series The computer simulation of chemical structures or processes; allows for the exploration, visualization, and manipulation of molecular structures and properties. [NCI 2014_12E] C18148 Intellectual Product C0600115 Nucleic Acid Biochemistry Molecular Modeling Protein/Amino Acid Biochemistry, Molecular Modeling nucleic acid biochemistry molecular modeling nucleic acid biochemistry molecular modeling Evaluation of the nature and extent of nursing problems presented by a patient for the purpose of patient care planning. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D009730 Health Care Activity C0028680 ASSESS NURS Assessment, Nursing Assessments, Nursing NURS ASSESS Nursing Assessment Nursing Assessments nursing assessment nursing assessment Research carried out by nurses that uses interviews, data collection, observation, surveys, etc., to evaluate nursing, health, clinical, and nursing education programs and curricula, and which also demonstrates the value of such evaluation. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D015403 Research Activity C0028686 EVALUATION NURS PROGRAM EVALUATION RESEARCH NURS EVALUATION STUDIES NURS Evaluation Research, Nursing Evaluation Researchs, Nursing Evaluation Studies, Nursing Evaluation Study, Nursing Evaluation, Nursing Program Evaluations, Nursing Program NURS EVALUATION RESEARCH NURS PROGRAM EVALUATION Nursing Evaluation Research Nursing Evaluation Researchs Nursing Evaluation Studies Nursing Evaluation Study Nursing Program Evaluation Nursing Program Evaluations PROGRAM EVALUATION NURS Program Evaluation, Nursing Program Evaluations, Nursing RESEARCH NURS EVALUATION Research, Nursing Evaluation Researchs, Nursing Evaluation Studies, Nursing Evaluation Study, Nursing Evaluation nursing evaluation study nursing evaluation study Theoretical models simulating behavior or activities in nursing, including nursing care, management and economics, theory, assessment, research, and education. Some examples of these models include Orem Self-Care Model, Roy Adaptation Model, and Rogers Life Process Model. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D016294 Intellectual Product C0079849 MODEL NURS MODELS NURS Model, Nursing Models, Nursing NURS MODEL NURS MODELS Nursing Model Nursing Models nursing model nursing model nutrition research clinical trial nutrition research clinical trials nutrition research clinical trial nutrition research non-clinical trial nutrition research non-clinical trials nutrition research nonclinical trial nutrition research nonclinical trials nutrition research non-clinical trial Evaluation and measurement of nutritional variables in order to assess the level of nutrition or the NUTRITIONAL STATUS of the individual. NUTRITION SURVEYS may be used in making the assessment. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D015596 C15286 Diagnostic Procedure C0028708 ASSESS NUTRITION Assesses nutritional habits and patterns Assessment of nutritional status Assessment of nutritional status (procedure) Assessment, Nutrition Assessment, Nutritional Assessments, Nutrition Assessments, Nutritional Dietary Assessment NUTRITION ASSESS Nutrition Assessment Nutrition Assessments Nutritional Assessment Nutritional Assessments Nutritional assessment Nutritional assessment (procedure) Physical/nutritional assessment dietary assessment dietary counseling food assessment nutritional assessment nutritional care nutritional counseling nutritional support support, nutritional nutritional assessment Research that focuses on food, the nutrients and other substances contained therein, their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease. [NCI 2014_12E] C15820 Research Activity C1521729 Nutrition Research Nutritional Study nutritional study nutritional study A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D009749 Research Activity C0028713 Nutrition Survey Nutrition Surveys Nutritional Survey Nutritional Surveys Survey, Nutrition Survey, Nutritional Surveys, Nutrition Surveys, Nutritional nutritional survey nutritional survey observation-based evaluation observation-based evaluations observation-based evaluation A critical appraisal of the evidence of the association between an assessment and the results of an observation. [NCI 2014_12E] C70727 Intellectual Product C2346865 Assessment of Observation Result Observation Outcome Assessment observation outcome assessment observation outcome assessment A type of study in which individuals are observed or certain outcomes are measured. No attempt is made to affect the outcome (for example, no treatment is given). [NCIT_14.05d] Studies among cancer patients and healthy populations that involve no intervention or alteration in the status of the participants. [NCIT_14.05d] Studies in which biomedical and/or health outcomes are assessed in pre-defined groups of individuals. Subjects in the study may receive diagnostic, therapeutic, or other interventions, but the investigator does not assign specific interventions to the subjects of the study. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] C16084 Research Activity C1518527 Observational Study Observational Trial Observational study observation design observation designs observation studies observation study observation trial observation trials observational design observational designs observational studies observational study observational trial observational trials observational study open clinical design open clinical designs open clinical studies open clinical study open clinical trial open clinical trials open clinical design open design open designs open studies open study open trial open trials open design open label clinical design open label clinical designs open label clinical studies open label clinical study open label clinical trial open label clinical trials open-label clinical design open-label clinical designs open-label clinical studies open-label clinical study open-label clinical trial open-label clinical trials open label clinical design Open Label Study open label design open label designs open label studies open label study open label trial open label trials open-label design open-label designs open-label studies open-label study open-label trial open-label trials open label design open label randomised controlled design open label randomised controlled designs open label randomised controlled studies open label randomised controlled study open label randomised controlled trial open label randomised controlled trials open label randomized controlled design open label randomized controlled designs open label randomized controlled studies open label randomized controlled study open label randomized controlled trial open label randomized controlled trials open label rct open label rcts open-label randomised controlled design open-label randomised controlled designs open-label randomised controlled studies open-label randomised controlled study open-label randomised controlled trial open-label randomised controlled trials open-label randomized controlled design open-label randomized controlled designs open-label randomized controlled studies open-label randomized controlled study open-label randomized controlled trial open-label randomized controlled trials open-label rct open-label rcts open label randomized controlled trial Descriptions and evaluations of specific health care organizations. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D019982 Health Care Activity C0525055 CASE STUDIES ORGAN Case Studies, Organizational ORGAN CASE STUDIES Organizational Case Studies Organizational Case Study Studies, Organizational Case organizational case study organizational case study Theoretical representations and constructs that describe or explain the structure and hierarchy of relationships and interactions within or between formal organizational entities or informal social groups. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017146 Research Activity C0162588 MODELS ORGAN Model, Organizational Models, Organizational Organizational Model Organizational Models organisational model organisational models organizational model organisational model organizational model Evaluation procedures that focus on both the outcome or status (OUTCOMES ASSESSMENT) of the patient at the end of an episode of care - presence of symptoms, level of activity, and mortality; and the process (ASSESSMENT, PROCESS) - what is done for the patient diagnostically and therapeutically. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D010043 Health Care Activity C0029909 OUTCOME PROCESS ASSESS Outcome and Process Assessment outcome and process assessment outcome and process assessment D017063 Research Activity C0543472 Outcome Studies Outcome Study Studies, Outcome Study, Outcome outcome study outcome study Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] The evaluation of pain complaints. Measurements should be objective on the part of the practitioner, based on subjective information from the patient. Measurements may also be indirect, by such assessments as respiratory rate and effort, withdrawal, guarding, or other appropriate assessment techniques. [NCI 2014_12E] D010147 C20992 Diagnostic Procedure C0030198 ASSESS PAIN Analgesia Test Analgesia Tests Assessment, Pain Assessments, Pain Measurement, Pain Measurements, Pain Nociception Test Nociception Tests PAIN ASSESS Pain Assessment Pain Assessments Pain Measurement Pain Measurements Pain assessment Pain assessment (procedure) Test, Analgesia Test, Nociception Tests, Analgesia Tests, Nociception pain assessment pain measurement pain assessment Panel studies are a particular design of longitudinal study in which the unit of analysis is followed at specified intervals over a long period, often many years. The key feature of panel studies is that they collect repeated measures from the same sample at different points in time. [Oxford Bibliographies http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756384/obo-9780199756384-0108.xml] C53311 Research Activity C0681848 Panel Study panel studies panel study panel study A type of clinical study in which subjects are assigned to one of two treatment arms at the beginning of the trial and continue in that arm throughout the length of the trial. Study subjects are only exposed to the treatment that is assigned to the particular study arm they are enrolled in. [NCIT_14.05d] Participants are assigned to one of two or more arms in parallel for the duration of the study. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] C82639 Research Activity C2826345 Parallel Study parallel design parallel designs parallel studies parallel study parallel trial parallel trials parallel design parallel economic evaluation parallel economic evaluation participation study participation study D063868 Health Care Activity C0030698 ASSESS PATIENT OUTCOME ASSESS PATIENT OUTCOMES Assessment, Patient Outcome Assessment, Patient Outcomes Assessments, Patient Outcome OUTCOME ASSESS PATIENT OUTCOMES ASSESS PATIENT Outcome Assessment, Patient Outcome Assessments, Patient Outcomes Assessments, Patient PATIENT OUTCOME ASSESS Patient Centered Outcomes Research Patient Outcome Assessment Patient Outcome Assessments Patient Outcomes Assessment patient outcome assessment patient outcome assessment patient-related assessment patient-related assessments patient-related assessment performance assessment performance assessments performance assessment personnel survey personnel surveys personnel survey A study of the biochemical and physiological effect of a drug and the mechanism of drug action and the relationship between drug concentration and effect. [NCI 2014_12E] C49662 Research Activity C1709518 Pharmacodynamic Study pharmacodynamic study pharmacodynamic study A study that assesses the value associated with a given drug in therapeutic and economic terms. This type of study is multidisciplinary in nature and takes into consideration the social and economic costs (resource utilization costs including direct, indirect, and intangible costs) of drug therapy in addition to its direct therapeutic benefits. Analyses relate the difference in therapeutic benefits to the difference in costs between treatment alternatives. [NCI 2014_12E] C39493 Research Activity C1519031 Pharmacoeconomic Study pharmacoeconomic study pharmacoeconomic study A study of identification and analysis of genomic variations that affect the efficacy of a drug. Pharmacogenomic studies can potentially be predictive of an individual's drug-response or adverse reactions or susceptibility to iatrogenic disorders, and may also reveal new targets that can help in the design of new drugs. [NCI 2014_12E] C49661 Research Activity C1709519 Pharmacogenomic Study pharmacogenomic studies pharmacogenomic study pharmacogenomic study A study of the process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body. [NCI 2014_12E] C49663 Research Activity CL354156 PK Study Pharmacokinetic Study pharmacokinetic study pharmacokinetics study pharmacokinetic study Pharmacological Study pharmacological study pharmacological study A clinical research protocol designed to investigate the efficacy of the biomedical or behavioral intervention in large groups of human subjects (from several hundred to several thousand), to confirm efficacy, to monitor adverse reactions to the new medication or treatment regimen with respect to long-term use and by comparing the intervention to other standard or experimental interventions as well as to a placebo. [NCI 2014_12E] Comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques determined in phase II studies. During these trials, patients are monitored closely by physicians to identify any adverse reactions from long-term use. These studies are performed on groups of patients large enough to identify clinically significant responses and usually last about three years. This concept includes phase III studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017326 C15602 Research Activity C0282461 Clinical Trials, Phase 3 as Topic Clinical Trials, Phase III Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic PHASE III TRIAL Phase 3 Clinical Trials Phase 3 Study Phase III Clinical Trial Phase III Protocol Phase III Study Phase III Trial Phase III Trials Trial Phase 3 clinical trial phase III phase III study phase III trial phase III trial phase IIIa trial phase IIIa trial phase IIIb trial phase IIIb trial A clinical research protocol designed to study a biomedical or behavioral intervention in a larger group of people (several hundred), to evaluate the drug's effectiveness for a particular indication in patients with the disease or condition under study, and to determine the common short-term side effects and risks associated with the intervention. [NCI 2014_12E] Studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques. These studies are performed on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients with the target disease or disorder, and last about two years. This concept includes phase II studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017322 C15601 Research Activity C0282460 Clinical Trials, Phase II Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic PHASE II TRIAL Phase 2 Clinical Trials Phase 2 Study Phase II Clinical Trial Phase II Protocol Phase II Study Phase II Trial Trial Phase 2 clinical trial phase II phase 2 study phase II trial phase II trial phase IIa trial trial phase 2a trial phase IIa phase IIa trial phase IIb trial phase IIb trial A randomized, controlled trial that is designed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of a drug for a given indication. Often they are designed to study side effects that may have become apparent after the phase III study was completed. [NCIT_14.08d] After a treatment has been approved and is being marketed, it is studied in a phase IV trial to evaluate side effects that were not apparent in the phase III trial. Thousands of people are involved in a phase IV trial. [NCIT_14.08d] Phase 4. Postmarketing (Phase 4) studies to delineate additional information about the drug's risks, benefits, and optimal use that may be requested by regulatory authorities in conjunction with marketing approval. NOTE: These studies could include, but would not be limited to, studying different doses or schedules of administration than were used in Phase 2 studies, use of the drug in other patient populations or other stages of the disease, or use of the drug over a longer period of time. [After FDA CDER Handbook, ICH E8] [Contributing Source_CDISC] [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C15603 Research Activity C0282462 Clinical Trial, Phase IV Clinical Trials, Phase IV Phase 4 Studies Phase 4 Study Phase IV Clinical Trials Trial Phase 4 phase 4 study phase IV clinical trial phase IV trial phase IV trial Select candidate vaccines or concepts suitable for Phase I and Phase II trials and conduct these trials. [NCI 2014_12E] C15835 Research Activity C1519044 Phase I and II Vaccine Trials phase I and II vaccine trials phase I and II vaccine trials A clinical research protocol designed to test a new biomedical intervention in a small group of people for the first time. A Phase I trial can be to establish the toxicity of a new treatment with escalating intensity of the treatment administered and/or to determine the side effects of a new treatment for a particular indication in subjects. [NCI 2014_12E] Studies performed to evaluate the safety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques in healthy subjects and to determine the safe dosage range (if appropriate). These tests also are used to determine pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties (toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, and preferred route of administration). They involve a small number of persons and usually last about 1 year. This concept includes phase I studies conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017321 C15600 Research Activity C0920321 CLIN TRIALS PHASE 1 CLIN TRIALS PHASE I Clinical Trials, Phase 1 Clinical Trials, Phase I Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic Early-Stage Clinical Trials PHASE 1 CLIN TRIALS PHASE I CLIN TRIALS PHASE I TRIAL Phase 1 Clinical Trial Phase 1 Clinical Trials Phase 1 Study Phase I Clinical Trials Phase I Study Phase I Trial Trial Phase 1 clinical trial phase I phase 1 trial phase I clinical trial phase I trial phase I trial A systemic evaluation of the body and its functions using visual inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. The purpose is to determine the presence or absence of physical signs of disease or abnormality for an individual's health assessment. [NCI 2014_12E] Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D010808 C20989 Health Care Activity C0031809 EXAM PHYSICAL Examination - action Examination - action (qualifier value) Examination of patient Examination, Physical Examinations, Physical General physical exam General physical examination PE - Physical examination PHYSICAL EXAM PHYSICAL EXAMINATION Physical Assessment Physical Exam Physical Examination Physical Examinations Physical assessment Physical assessment (procedure) Physical examination Physical examination -action Physical examination NOS Physical examination procedure physical assessment physical examination physical assessment work capacity evaluation Pilot assessment pilot assessment pilot assessment Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work. [Pilot Projects | MeSH_2015] Tanja Bekhuis D010865 Research Activity Feasibility Studies Feasibility Study Pilot Studies Pilot Study Pilot study Studies, Feasibility Studies, Pilot Study, Feasibility Study, Pilot feasibility design feasibility designs feasibility studies feasibility study feasibility trial feasibility trials pilot project pilot projects pilot studies pilot study pilot study preliminary study November 7, 2014 feasibility study A business process status of a clinical study which occurs before the study starts. A study plan on which the clinical trial is based focuses on several priority parameters that include but are not limited to the types of subjects eligible to participate in the study, targeted accrual numbers, schedules and durations of interventions, the length of the study, and the planned duration of a subject participation. These outlines are a part of a study protocol which is more a detailed and comprehensive study document. [NCI 2014_12E] C70704 Functional Concept C2347525 Planned Clinical Study Planned Clinical Trial planned clinical trial planned clinical trial C19169 Experimental Model of Disease C1514135 Plant Model plant model plant model population-based cross-sectional study population-based cross-sectional study population screening trial population screening trial Population Study population study population study Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy. [MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis D011159 Health Care Activity Research Activity population surveillance population surveillance A procedure to evaluate the health of the an individual after receiving a heart transplant. (ACC) [NCI 2014_12E] C100005 Health Care Activity C3272250 POST-CARDIAC TRANSPLANT Post-Cardiac Transplant Evaluation post-cardiac transplant evaluation post-cardiac transplant evaluation Surveillance of drugs, devices, appliances, etc., for efficacy or adverse effects, after they have been released for general sale. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D011358 Research Activity C0033267 Evaluation Studies, Postmarketing Evaluation Study, Postmarketing Post-Marketing Product Surveillance Post-Marketing Product Surveillances Postmarketing Evaluation Studies Postmarketing Evaluation Study Postmarketing Product Surveillance Postmarketing Product Surveillances Product Surveillance, Post Marketing Product Surveillance, Post-Marketing Product Surveillance, Postmarketing Product Surveillances, Post-Marketing Product Surveillances, Postmarketing Studies, Postmarketing Evaluation Study, Postmarketing Evaluation Surveillance, Post-Marketing Product Surveillance, Postmarketing Product Surveillances, Post-Marketing Product Surveillances, Postmarketing Product postmarketing evaluation study postmarketing evaluation study postpartum risk assessment postpartum risk assessment pragmatic adaptive randomised controlled trial pragmatic adaptive randomised controlled trials pragmatic adaptive randomized controlled trial pragmatic adaptive randomized controlled trials pragmatic adaptive randomized controlled trial Randomized clinical trials that compare interventions in clinical settings and which look at a range of effectiveness outcomes and impacts. [MeSH_2015] Tanja Bekhuis D065007 Intellectual Product Research Activity Pragmatic Clinical Trial Pragmatic Clinical Trials Trials, Pragmatic Clinical pragmatic clinical design pragmatic clinical designs pragmatic clinical studies pragmatic clinical study pragmatic clinical trial pragmatic clinical trials November 7, 2014 pragmatic clinical trial Pragmatic Trials Trials, Pragmatic pragmatic design pragmatic designs pragmatic studies pragmatic study pragmatic trial pragmatic trials pragmatic design pragmatic randomised controlled trial pragmatic randomised controlled trials pragmatic randomized controlled trial pragmatic randomized controlled trials pragmatic randomized controlled trial pragmatic single blind randomized controlled trial pragmatic single-blind randomised controlled trial pragmatic single-blind randomised controlled trials pragmatic single-blind randomized controlled trial pragmatic single-blind randomized controlled trials pragmatic single blind randomized controlled trial pre-and-post design pre-and-post designs pre-and-post studies pre-and-post study pre-and-post trial pre-and-post trials pre-post design pre-post designs pre-post studies pre-post study pre-post tests pre-post trial pre-post trials pre-test post-test design pre-test post-test designs pre-test post-test studies pre-test post-test study pre-test post-test trial pre-test post-test trials pretest posttest design pretest posttest designs pretest posttest studies pretest posttest study pretest posttest trial pretest posttest trials pre-and-post design Theoretical models before being tested clinically [NCI 2014_12E] C18953 Intellectual Product C1514292 Pre-Clinical Model Preclinical Models pre-clinical model pre-clinical model A clinical trial that uses an investigational agent that is available only in very limited quantities and which has never previously given to humans or for which there is extremely limited human experience. Phase 0 clinical trials are intended to enable researchers to understand the path of the drug in the body and its efficacy. Adverse event reporting in Phase 0 trials is expedited. [NCI 2014_12E] C54721 Research Activity C1882358 Phase 0 Trial Pre-Clinical Trial pre-clinical trial pre-clinical trial pre-test post-test control group design pre-test post-test control group designs pre-test post-test control group studies pre-test post-test control group study pre-test post-test control group trial pre-test post-test control group trials pretest posttest control group design pretest posttest control group designs pretest posttest control group studies pretest posttest control group study pretest posttest control group trial pretest posttest control group trials pre-test post-test control group design Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D004353 Research Activity C0013206 DRUG EVALUATION PRECLIN DRUG EVALUATION STUDIES PRECLIN DRUG EVALUATIONS PRECLIN Drug Evaluation Studies, Preclinical Drug Evaluation, Preclinical Drug Evaluations, Preclinical Drug Screening Drug Screenings EVALUATION PRECLIN DRUG EVALUATION STUDIES DRUG PRECLIN EVALUATION STUDIES PRE CLIN EVALUATIONS PRECLIN DRUG Evaluation Studies, Drug, Pre-Clinical Evaluation Studies, Drug, Preclinical Evaluation, Preclinical Drug Evaluations, Preclinical Drug PRECLIN DRUG EVALUATION PRECLIN DRUG EVALUATIONS Preclinical Drug Evaluation Preclinical Drug Evaluations Screening, Drug Screenings, Drug preclinical drug evaluation preclinical drug evaluation A study performed on animal subjects to determine the toxicity of a new drug or invasive device prior to a clinical trial. [NCI 2014_12E] C48678 Research Activity C1709631 Nonclinical Study Preclinical Study Preclinical Testing preclinical studies preclinical study preclinical study predictive model predictive models predictive model preliminary economic evaluation preliminary economic evaluation preliminary evaluation preliminary evaluation preliminary model-based assessment preliminary model-based assessment Ashleigh Faith Epidemiologic methods [1975-89] D003430 Quantitative Concept Research Activity Prevalence Studies Prevalence Study Studies, Prevalence Study, Prevalence prevalence studies prevalence study prevalence study C15839 Research Activity C1514411 Prevention and Treatment Evaluation prevention and treatment evaluation prevention and treatment evaluation Preventive Clinical Trial preventive clinical trial preventive clinical trial The Preventive Community Trial is a controlled study that involves administration of preventive program or/and preventive treatments in community. [NCI 2014_12E] C39497 Research Activity C1514415 Preventive Community Trial preventive community trial preventive community trial primary economic evaluation primary economic evaluation An evaluation procedure that focuses on how care is delivered, based on the premise that there are standards of performance for activities undertaken in delivering patient care, in which the specific actions taken, events occurring, and human interactions are compared with accepted standards. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D017064 Health Care Activity C0085566 ASSESS PROCESS Assessment, Process Assessment, Process (Health Care) Assessments, Process Assessments, Process (Health Care) PROCESS ASSESS Process Assessment Process Assessment (Health Care) Process Assessments Process Assessments (Health Care) process assessment process assessment Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D015397 Occupational Activity C0033336 Evaluation, Program Evaluations, Program Program Evaluation Program Evaluations program assessment program evaluation program evaluation prospective case series prospective case series prospective case study prospective case study A research study that follows over time groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) and compares them for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer). [NCIT_14.05d] Ashleigh Faith C53308 Research Activity C0033522 Prospective Cohort Study prospective cohort design prospective cohort designs prospective cohort studies prospective cohort study prospective cohort trial prospective cohort trials prospective cohort study prospective observational study prospective observational study prospective randomised controlled trial prospective randomised controlled trials prospective randomized controlled trial prospective randomized controlled trials prospective randomized controlled trial a longitudinal epidemiologic study in which the groups of individuals (cohorts) are selected on the basis of factors that are to be examined for their effects on outcomes, e.g., the effect of exposure to a specific risk factor on the eventual development of a particular disease, and are then followed over a period of time to determine the incidence rates of the outcomes in question in relation to the original factors. Called also cohort s.“Prospective” usually implies a cohort selected in the present and followed into the future, but the cohort method can also be applied to existing longitudinal historical data, such as insurance or medical records: a cohort is identified and classified as to exposure to some factor at some date in the past and followed up to the present to determine incidence rates of the outcome. This is called a historical prospective study, prospective study of past data, or retrospective cohort study. [Emtree_2014] [ Dorland's Medical Dictionary_2011] Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D011446 Research Activity Prospective Studies Prospective Study Studies, Prospective Study, Prospective prospective method prospective studies prospective study study, prospective prospective study C18965 Intellectual Product C1514543 Protein Disruption Model protein disruption model protein disruption model Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D008960 Intellectual Product C0026347 MODEL PSYCHOL MODELS PSYCHOL Model, Psychologic Model, Psychological Models, Psychologic Models, Psychological PSYCHOL MODELS Psychologic Model Psychologic Models Psychological Model Psychological Models psychological model psychological model psychometric development study psychometric development study [A study based on ... ] The science of measuring "psychological" aspects of a person such as knowledge, skills, abilities, or personality. Measurement of these unobservable phenomena is difficult and much of the research and accumulated art of this discipline is designed to reliably define and then quantify. [psychometrics | NCIT_14.10d] Tanja Bekhuis C17034 psychometric design psychometric designs psychometric studies psychometric study psychometric trial psychometric trials November 18, 2014 psychometric study reliability study validity study C15514 Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure C1455743 Assess psychosocial analysis Assess psychosocial care Psychosocial Assessment Psychosocial Assessment and Care Psychosocial Care Psychosocial Care/Assessment Psychosocial Studies Psychosocial Support Psychosocial analysis Psychosocial analysis assessment Psychosocial analysis assessment (procedure) Psychosocial assessment Psychosocial assessment (procedure) Psychosocial care Psychosocial care (regime/therapy) Psychosocial support psychosocial assessment psychosocial assessment and care psychosocial assessment/care psychosocial care psychosocial care/assessment psychosocial studies psychosocial support psychosocial assessment The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. [From Am J Prev Med 2011;41(6):636] [MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis population surveillance D062486 Health Care Activity Research Activity public health surveillance public health surveillance Evaluation, Qualitative Evaluations, Qualitative Qualitative Evaluation Qualitative Evaluations qualitative assessment qualitative evaluation qualitative evaluations qualitative evaluation qualitative evidence synthesis qualitative evidence synthesis qualitative multiple case study qualitative multiple case study qualitative review qualitative review Research that derives data from observation, interviews, or verbal interactions and focuses on the meanings and interpretations of the participants (From Holloway and Wheeler, "Ethical issues in qualitative nursing research," Nursing Ethics, 1995 Sep; 2(3): 223-232). [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D036301 Research Activity qualitative design qualitative designs qualitative studies qualitative study qualitative study qualitative synthesis qualitative synthesis Quality assessment quality assessment quality assessment A determination of an individual's sense of well-being and ability to enjoy life. [NCI 2014_12E] C15584 Health Care Activity C0281588 Quality of Life Assessment Quality-of-Life Assessment quality of life assessment quality-of-life assessment quality of life assessment Evaluation, Quantitative Evaluations, Quantitative Quantitative Evaluation Quantitative Evaluations quantitative evaluation quantitative evaluations quantitative evaluation quantitative review quantitative review numerical studies numerical study quantitative design quantitative designs quantitative studies quantitative study quantitative study quantitative synthesis quantitative synthesis quasi-experimental clinical trial quasi-experimental clinical trial quasi experimental design quasi experimental designs quasi experimental studies quasi experimental study quasi experimental trial quasi experimental trials quasi-experimental design quasi-experimental designs quasi-experimental studies quasi-experimental study quasi-experimental trial quasi-experimental trials quasiexperimental design quasiexperimental designs quasiexperimental studies quasiexperimental study quasiexperimental trial quasiexperimental trials quasi-experimental design quasi randomised controlled design quasi randomised controlled designs quasi randomised controlled studies quasi randomised controlled study quasi randomised controlled trial quasi randomised controlled trials quasi randomized controlled designs quasi randomized controlled studies quasi randomized controlled study quasi randomized controlled trial quasi randomized controlled trials quasi rct quasi rcts quasi-randomised controlled design quasi-randomised controlled designs quasi-randomised controlled studies quasi-randomised controlled study quasi-randomised controlled trial quasi-randomised controlled trials quasi-randomized controlled design quasi-randomized controlled designs quasi-randomized controlled studies quasi-randomized controlled study quasi-randomized controlled trial quasi-randomized controlled trials quasi-randomized controlled design quasi randomised design quasi randomised designs quasi randomised studies quasi randomised study quasi randomised trial quasi randomised trials quasi randomized designs quasi randomized studies quasi randomized study quasi randomized trial quasi randomized trials quasi-randomised design quasi-randomised designs quasi-randomised studies quasi-randomised study quasi-randomised trial quasi-randomised trials quasi-randomized design quasi-randomized designs quasi-randomized studies quasi-randomized study quasi-randomized trial quasi-randomized trials quasi-randomized design A set of questions or items shown to a respondent in order to get answers for research purposes. [PRO Draft Guidance] [NCIT_15.09d] Tanja Bekhuis C17048 Intellectual Product C0034394 Questionnaire Questionnaires questionnaire questionnaires October 19, 2015 questionnaire http://ontologies.dbmi.pitt.edu/edda/StudyDesigns.owl#survey questionnaire survey questionnaire surveys questionnaire survey randomised 2x2 trial randomised 2x2 trials randomized 2x2 trial randomized 2x2 trials randomized 2x2 trial A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups that compare different treatments; neither the researchers nor the participants can choose which group. Using chance to assign people to groups means that the groups will be similar and that the treatments they receive can be compared objectively. At the time of the trial, it is not known which treatment is best. It is the patient's choice to be in a randomized trial. [NCIT_14.05d] Used as a drug subheading when the clinical trial of a drug is reported. [Clinical trial | Embase_2014] Used for original reports of prospective clinical studies in which the (comparative) efficacy of one or more medical interventions in humans is evaluated; also used for prospective clinical veterinary trials in which the (comparative) efficacy of one or more medical interventions in animals is evaluated. [Clinical trial | Embase_2014] Ashleigh Faith C15417 Research Activity C0206034 Randomised clinical trial Randomized Clinical Trial Randomized Clinical Trials Trials, Randomized Clinical randomised clinical design randomised clinical designs randomised clinical studies randomised clinical study randomised clinical trial randomised clinical trials randomized clinical design randomized clinical designs randomized clinical studies randomized clinical study randomized clinical trial randomized clinical trials randomized clinical trial A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups to evaluate treatments. The study also includes a control group, which is undergoing the same rigors of the study with placebo treatment or standard treatment. The trial can also be controlled by the addition of a test group to ensure there are no factors present to skew the results and by the inclusion of peer-review analysis by appropriate government officials. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C46079 Research Activity C0206035 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial randomized controlled clinical trial randomized controlled clinical trial randomised controlled equivalence trial randomised controlled equivalence trials randomized controlled equivalence trial randomized controlled equivalence trials randomized controlled equivalence trial Work consisting of a clinical trial that involves at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith D016449 Intellectual Product Research Activity Randomized Controlled Trial controlled trial, randomized randomised control trial randomised controlled trial randomised controlled design randomised controlled designs randomised controlled studies randomised controlled study randomised controlled trial randomised controlled trials randomized control trial randomized controlled design randomized controlled designs randomized controlled studies randomized controlled study randomized controlled trial randomized controlled trials rct rcts trial, randomized controlled randomized controlled trial randomised cross-over design randomised cross-over designs randomised cross-over studies randomised cross-over study randomised cross-over trial randomised cross-over trials randomised crossover design randomised crossover designs randomised crossover studies randomised crossover study randomised crossover trial randomised crossover trials randomized cross-over design randomized cross-over designs randomized cross-over studies randomized cross-over study randomized cross-over trial randomized cross-over trials randomized crossover design randomized crossover designs randomized crossover studies randomized crossover study randomized crossover trial randomized crossover trials randomized crossover design Randomized trials randomised design randomised designs randomised studies randomised study randomised trial randomised trials randomized design randomized designs randomized studies randomized study randomized trial randomized trials randomized design Randomised Assessment Randomised Assessments Randomised evaluation Randomized Assessment Randomized Assessments randomised evaluation randomised evaluations randomized evaluation randomized evaluations randomized evaluation randomised placebo-controlled trial randomised placebo-controlled trials randomized placebo-controlled trial randomized placebo-controlled trials randomized placebo-controlled trial Rapid assessment rapid assessment rapid assessment rapid evidence assessment rapid evidence assessment rapid Health Technology Assessment rapid health technology assessment rapid health technology assessment rapid realist review rapid realist review rapid review rapid reviews rapid review realist review realist review realist synthesis realist synthesis reassessment studies reassessment study reassessment study A test that assesses an individual's understanding of spoken English language. [NCI 2014_12E] C92463 Intellectual Product C2985118 Receptive Vocabulary Assessment receptive vocabulary assessment receptive vocabulary assessment record-linkage population cohort study record-linkage population cohort study A study in which data from different sources are "linked". Usually used to compile epidemiological data. The logic of record linkage is that two or more items of information about a person recorded at different times, and perhaps in different places, may be of greater value when considered together than when either is considered alone. [NCI 2014_12E] D003625 C15424 Research Activity C0242239 Data Linkage Data Linkages Linkage, Data Linkages, Data Record Linkage Study Record-Linkage Study record-linkage study record-linkage study record review records review review of records records review An object oriented information model to harmonize the definition of HL7 messages across different application domains. [NCI 2014_12E] C80496 Manufactured Object C2825224 HL7 Reference Information Model RIM Reference Information Model reference information model reference information model refutational synthesis refutational synthesis register studies register study registry studies registry study registry study A regulatory action or inaction undertaken by the regulatory authority as a result of a submission analysis and evaluation. [NCI 2014_12E] C70887 Activity C2347938 Regulatory Assessment RegulatoryAssessment regulatory assessment regulatory assessment rehabilitation model rehabilitation models rehabilitation model reliability design reliability designs reliability studies reliability study reliability trial reliability trials reliability study psychometric study research syntheses research synthesis synthesis of research synthesis studies synthesis study research synthesis retrospective case control design retrospective case control designs retrospective case control studies retrospective case control study retrospective case control trial retrospective case control trials retrospective case-control design retrospective case-control designs retrospective case-control studies retrospective case-control study retrospective case-control trial retrospective case-control trials retrospective case control design retrospective case series retrospective case series A research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) are compared for a particular outcome (such as lung cancer). [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C93228 Research Activity C2985505 Retrospective Cohort Study Retrospective cohort study cohort studies, historical cohort study, historical historic cohort studies historic cohort study historical cohort design historical cohort designs historical cohort studies historical cohort study historical cohort trial historical cohort trials retrospective cohort design retrospective cohort designs retrospective cohort studies retrospective cohort study retrospective cohort trial retrospective cohort trials studies, historical cohort study, historical cohort retrospective cohort study retrospective panel studies retrospective panel study retrospective panel study A study in which known outcomes are examined in hindsight using existing records. [NCIT_14.05d] A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). Researchers study the medical and lifestyle histories of the people in each group to learn what factors may be associated with the disease or condition. For example, one group may have been exposed to a particular substance that the other was not. [NCIT_14.05d] Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons. [MeSH_2014] a longitudinal epidemiologic study in which participating individuals are classified as either having (cases) or lacking (controls) some outcome and their histories are examined for the presence of specific factors possibly associated with that outcome. Cases and controls are often matched with respect to certain demographic or other variables but need not be. As compared with prospective studies, retrospective studies suffer from drawbacks: although they can measure the odds ratio, which often approximates relative risk, they cannot reveal true incidence rates or attributable risk. Also, large biases can be introduced both in the selection of controls and in the recall of past exposure to risk factors. The advantage of the retrospective study is its small scale, usually short time for completion, and its applicability to rare diseases, which would require study of very large cohorts in prospective studies. [Emtree_2014] [ Dorland's Medical Dictionary_2011] Ashleigh Faith D012189 C53312 Quantitative Concept Research Activity C0035363 Retrospective Studies Retrospective Study Studies, Retrospective Study, Retrospective retrospective design retrospective designs retrospective studies retrospective study retrospective trial retrospective trials study, retrospective retrospective study [Embase_2014] review of current evidence review of current evidence review of research review of research Assessment, Risk Assessments, Risk Risk Assessment Risk Assessments Risk assessment risk assessment risk assessment A systematic gathering of information regarding the variables associated with an individual's increased risk of disease or infection. [NCI 2014_12E] C90498 Intellectual Product C2983699 Risk Factor Assessment risk factor assessment risk factor assessment A study of the relative safety of treatment of a disease. Usually this is a Phase I or II trial. [NCI 2014_12E] C49667 Research Activity C1705187 Safety Study safety study safety study Studies in which a number of subjects are selected from all subjects in a defined population. Conclusions based on sample results may be attributed only to the population sampled. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D012494 Intellectual Product Research Activity C0036150 SAMPLING STUDIES Sampling Studies Sampling Study Studies, Sampling Study, Sampling sampling study sampling study C19624 Governmental or Regulatory Activity C1519202 Scientific Evaluation scientific evaluation scientific evaluation scoping review scoping reviews scoping review Clinical studies testing the efficacy of devices, techniques, procedures, or tests for the purpose of detecting the presence of disease, usually before there are any symptoms. [NCI 2014_12E] C71485 Research Activity C2348164 Screening Study Screening Trial screening trial screening trial secondary studies secondary study secondary study selective review selective review Appraisal of one's own personal qualities or traits. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D012647 Mental Process C0036591 ASSESS SELF Assessment, Self Assessment, Self (Psychology) Assessments, Self Assessments, Self (Psychology) SELF ASSESS SELF ASSESS PSYCHOL Self Assessment Self Assessment (Psychology) Self Assessments Self Assessments (Psychology) Self-Assessment Self-Assessments self-assessment self-assessment semi-structured interview semi-structured interviews semistructured interview semistructured interviews semi-structured interview Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in larger population. [From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed] [MeSH_2014] Tanja Bekhuis population surveillance D018571 Occupational Activity sentinel surveillance sentinel surveillance EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D016036 Research Activity C0036744 SEROEPIDEMIOL STUDIES SEROEPIDEMIOL STUDY STUDIES SEROEPIDEMIOL STUDY SEROEPIDEMIOL Seroepidemiologic Studies Seroepidemiologic Study Seroepidemiological Studies Seroepidemiological Study Studies, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Seroepidemiological Study, Seroepidemiologic Study, Seroepidemiological seroepidemiologic study seroepidemiologic study simulation model simulation model single blind randomized controlled trial single blinded randomised controlled design single blinded randomised controlled designs single blinded randomised controlled studies single blinded randomised controlled study single blinded randomised controlled trial single blinded randomised controlled trials single blinded randomized controlled design single blinded randomized controlled designs single blinded randomized controlled studies single blinded randomized controlled study single blinded randomized controlled trial single blinded randomized controlled trials single blinded rct single blinded rcts single-blinded randomised controlled design single-blinded randomised controlled designs single-blinded randomised controlled studies single-blinded randomised controlled study single-blinded randomised controlled trial single-blinded randomised controlled trials single-blinded randomized controlled design single-blinded randomized controlled designs single-blinded randomized controlled studies single-blinded randomized controlled study single-blinded randomized controlled trial single-blinded randomized controlled trials single-blinded rct single-blinded rcts single blind randomized controlled trial D016037 Research Activity C0242571 Single Blind Study Single Masked Studies Single Masked Study Single-Blind Studies Single-Blind Study Single-Masked Studies Single-Masked Study Studies, Single-Blind Studies, Single-Masked Study, Single-Blind Study, Single-Masked single blind design single blind designs single blind method single blind methods single blind studies single blind study single blind trial single blind trials single blind study n-of-1 design n-of-1 designs n-of-1 studies n-of-1 study n-of-1 trial n-of-1 trials n-of-one design n-of-one designs n-of-one studies n-of-one study n-of-one trial n-of-one trials single case design single case designs single case report single case reports single case studies single case study single case trial single case trials single subject design single subject designs single subject studies single subject study single subject trial single subject trials single-case design single-case designs single-case studies single-case study single-case trial single-case trials single-subject design single-subject designs single-subject studies single-subject study single-subject trial single-subject trials single case study A type of clinical study in which there is only one treatment arm available to all study participants. [NCI 2014_12E] C82640 Research Activity C2826346 Single Arm Study Single Group Study single group study single group study Measurement of physiologic parameters during sleep. [NCIT_16.02d] C99553 Research Activity Sleep Study sleep studies sleep study sleep study sociological studies sociological study sociological study solomon four group design solomon four group designs solomon four group studies solomon four group study solomon four group trial solomon four group trials solomon four-group design solomon four-group designs solomon four-group studies solomon four-group study solomon four-group trial solomon four-group trials solomon four group design Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] The statistical characterization of a system to estimate its future behavior based on past behavior and extrapolation. [NCI 2014_12E] D015233 C16869 Intellectual Product C0026348 MODEL STATIST MODELS STATIST Model, Probabilistic Model, Statistical Models, Probabilistic Models, Statistical Probabilistic Model Probabilistic Models STATIST MODEL STATIST MODELS Statistical Model Statistical Modeling Statistical Models statistical model statistical modeling statistical modelling statistical model stepped wedge design stepped wedge designs stepped wedge studies stepped wedge study stepped wedge trial stepped wedge trials stepped wedge design cluster randomized design structured interview structured interviews structured interview structured review structured review A plan detailing how a study will be performed in order to represent the phenomenon under examination, to answer the research questions that have been asked, and defining the methods of data analysis. Study design is driven by research hypothesis being posed, study subject/population/sample available, logistics/resources: technology, support, networking, collaborative support, etc. Describes the role the study plays in determining the interventions a subject receives. [NCIT_14.05d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] Tanja Bekhuis C15320 Research Activity C0035171 Design, Research Designs, Research Research Design Research Designs STYPE Study Design Study Type study design study design summative assessment summative evaluation summative evaluation Clinical studies intended to improve the comfort and quality of life for the patient using drugs, nutritional, dietary, behavioral or other interventions. [NCI 2014_12E] C71486 Research Activity C2348611 Supportive Care Study Supportive Care Trial supportive care study supportive care study In medicine, the ongoing collection of information about a disease, such as cancer, in a certain group of people. The information collected may include where the disease occurs in a population and whether it affects people of a certain gender, age, or ethnic group. [NCIT_14.08d] The systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data on an ongoing basis. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C15719 Health Care Activity surveillance surveillance C15935 Research Activity C1515094 Surveillance Modeling surveillance modeling surveillance modeling An examination or inspection carried out with specific aims in mind, a search for particular kinds of information. This sense is carried in a number of specific kinds of research designs in which questionnaires, inventories or interviews may be employed to gather information about attitudes, opinions or preferences in a society or some segment of it. [The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology, 2009] Tanja Bekhuis Survey Surveys survey surveys survey http://ontologies.dbmi.pitt.edu/edda/StudyDesigns.owl#questionnaire Evaluation of manifestations of disease. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D063189 Health Care Activity C3494437 Assessment, Symptom Assessments, Symptom Symptom Assessment Symptom Assessments symptom assessment symptom assessment synthesis of available evidence synthesis of available evidence synthesis of current research synthesis of current research synthesis of current research synthesis of qualitative research synthesis of qualitative research overview of systematic reviews systematic overview systematic overview Used for studies that systematically summarize all relevant evidence pertaining to a defined health question, and including items identified as such by the author. [Emtree_2014] Ashleigh Faith review, systematic systematic review systematic reviews systematic review Technology assessment (TA) arose in the mid-1960s from an appreciation of the critical role of technology in modern society and its potential for unintended, and sometimes harmful, consequences. TA was conceived as a way to identify the desirable first-order, intended effects of technologies as well as the higher-order, unintended social, economic and environmental effects. TA methodology draws upon a variety of analytical, evaluative and planning techniques. Among these are systems analysis, cost-benefit analysis, consensus methods (e.g., Delphi method), engineering feasibility studies, clinical trials, market research, technological forecasting, and others. TA practitioners and policy makers recognized that TA is evolving, flexible, and should be tailored to the task (Brooks and Bowers 1970 and U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment 1977). [NCI 2014_12E] D013673 C15335 Health Care Activity C0039422 ASSESS TECHNOL Assessment, Technology Assessments, Technology TECHNOL ASSESS Technology Assessment Technology Assessments Technology assessment Technology evaluation technological evaluation technology assessment technology evaluation technology assessment The Technology Development Study is one that includes development and mechanistic testing of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. [NCI 2014_12E] C39526 Research Activity C1515235 Technology Development Study technology development studies technology development study technology development study test accuracy study test accuracy study thematic synthesis thematic synthesis Studies, Theoretical Study, Theoretical Theoretical Study theoretical design theoretical designs theoretical studies theoretical study theoretical design theory driven review theory driven reviews theory-driven review theory-driven reviews theory-driven review A clinical study that involves administering of exposure to the agent/agents to subjects with particular disease to elucidate the most appropriate treatment for a specific medical condition, or to prolong or improve the patient's life. [NCI 2014_12E] C39536 Research Activity C1515364 Clinical Trials, Therapy Therapeutic Clinical Trial Therapeutic Trials therapeutic clinical trial therapeutic clinical trial A clinical study that demonstrates or confirms therapy efficacy, establish regimen safety profile and dose-response relationship. The Confirmatory Study provides basis for assessing the risk-benefit relationship to support therapy licensing. [NCI 2014_12E] C39537 Research Activity C1515365 Therapeutic Confirmatory Study therapeutic confirmatory study therapeutic confirmatory study A study most often used to compare the efficacy of different formulations to treat a given disease. It is the testing of an old versus a new formulation in healthy volunteers or subjects with the disease under study and usually in one dose. [NCI 2014_12E] C49665 Research Activity C2355581 BIO-EQUIVALENCE Therapeutic Equivalency Study therapeutic equivalency study therapeutic equivalency study A study that explores the use of the particular medical technology for the targeted indication at the earliest stages of clinical development in well-defined patient populations. The exploratory study determines treatment regimen for subsequent studies, and provides basis for confirmatory study design, endpoints, and methodologies. [NCI 2014_12E] C39538 Research Activity C1515369 Therapeutic Exploratory Study therapeutic exploratory study therapeutic exploratory study therapeutic model therapeutic models therapeutic model C19794 Research Activity C1515402 Therapeutic Studies therapeutic study therapeutic study The Therapeutic Use Study is a clinical study that is conducted with the purpose to refine understanding of therapy risk-benefit relationship in general or special populations and/or environments; to identify less common adverse reactions, and to refine dosing/regimen/indications recommendations. [NCI 2014_12E] C39539 Research Activity C1515409 Therapeutic Use Study therapeutic use study therapeutic use study Determining the efficacy of a particular therapy or treatment [NCI 2014_12E] C15857 Health Care Activity C1515410 Therapy Evaluation therapy evaluation therapy evaluation The observation and analysis of movements in a task with an emphasis on the amount of time required to perform the task. [MeSH_2014] Ashleigh Faith Task performance and analysis [1973-74] D013996 Intellectual Product TIME MOTION STUDIES Time and Motion Studies performance, task task performance task performance and analysis time and motion studies time and motion study work sampling work simplification time and motion study multiple time series time design time designs time series time series analysis time series design time series designs time series studies time series study time studies time study time trial time trials time series design [Embase_2014] [Dorland's Medical Dictionary_2011] C19692 Research Activity C1519523 Tissue Model tissue model tissue model A study in which the dosage of the intervention is increased by small increments until the desired physiological effect is seen. [NCI 2014_12E] C90475 Research Activity C2983683 DOSE ESCALATION Rising Dose Titration Study titration study titration study A type of safety study that assesses the degree to which overt adverse effects can be tolerated by the subject. [NCI 2014_12E] C98791 Research Activity C3274448 Tolerability Study tolerability study tolerability study A disease in a transgenic animal with pathologic mechanisms sufficiently similar to those of a human disease for the animal disease to serve as a model. [NCI 2014_12E] C19272 Experimental Model of Disease C1519606 Transgenic Model transgenic model transgenic model Conditional (or inducible) gene knock-out. A transgenic technique. A transgenic animal is constructed such that a gene of interest, or chromosome region, is flanked by recombination-signal sites (eg, loxP). The animal is then crossed to one which carries the specific recombinase (eg, cre) under the control of a conditional, or tissue specific, promoter. Upon treatment of an inducer the recombinase is expressed, promoting recombination between the signal sites and the loss of the intervening gene or chromosome region. (NCI/OSP) [NCI 2014_12E] C19078 Experimental Model of Disease C1519609 Transient Gene Knock-Out Model transient gene knock-out model transient gene knock-out model treatment assessment treatment assessment A type of study protocol designed to evaluate intervention(s) for disease treatment. [NCI 2014_12E] C49656 Research Activity C3161471 Treatment Study treatment study treatment study trend design trend designs trend studies trend study trend trial trend trials trend design A study in which knowledge of the treatment assignments are concealed from the people who organize and analyze the data of a study as well as from subjects and investigators. [NCI 2014_12E] C66959 Research Activity C1883398 Triple Blind Study Triple-Blind Study triple blind studies triple blind study triple-blind study triple blind study C48686 Intellectual Product C1710493 tumor model tumor models tumour model tumour models tumor model Twin Studies Twin Study twin study twin study uncontrolled longitudinal design uncontrolled longitudinal designs uncontrolled longitudinal studies uncontrolled longitudinal study uncontrolled longitudinal trial uncontrolled longitudinal trials uncontrolled longitudinal study updated synthesis updated synthesis C15864 Research Activity C1519888 Vaccine Clinical Trial vaccine clinical trial vaccine clinical trial Ashleigh Faith D023361 Intellectual Product Validation Studies validation studies validation study validity design validity designs validity studies validity study validity trial validity trials validity study psychometric study Assessment of physiological capacities in relation to job requirements. It is usually done by measuring certain physiological (e.g., circulatory and respiratory) variables during a gradually increasing workload until specific limitations occur with respect to those variables. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D014938 Diagnostic Procedure C0043228 Capacity Evaluation, Work Capacity Evaluations, Work EVALUATION WORK CAPAC Evaluation, Work Capacity Evaluations, Work Capacity WORK CAPAC EVALUATION Work Capacity Evaluation Work Capacity Evaluations work capacity evaluation work capacity evaluation physical assessment Describes to xenografts (implanting tissue or cell lines from a different species) and allografts (implanting tissue or cell lines form the same species). The grafts are transplanted in immuno-compromised animals where they grow and, depending on the graft material, form tumors. [NCI 2014_12E] C19812 Experimental Model of Disease C1520166 Xenograft Model xenograft model xenograft model In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness. [MeSH 2014_2014_02_10] D023041 Laboratory Procedure C0917891 Antitumor Assay, Xenograft Antitumor Assays, Xenograft Antitumor Assays, Xenograft Model Assay, Xenograft Antitumor Assays, Xenograft Antitumor Tumor Xenograft Assay Xenograft Antitumor Assay Xenograft Antitumor Assays Xenograft Model Antitumor Assay Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays xenograft model antitumor assay xenograft model antitumor assay Pathways and other molecular and cellular processes which can be manipulated in yeast, the results of which can be extrapolated to human systems. [NCI 2014_12E] C19617 Experimental Model of Disease C1520210 Yeast Model Yeast Model System yeast model yeast model A clinical research protocol designed to study the safety, dosage levels and response to new treatment. Phase I/II trials combine a Phase I and a Phase II trial of the same treatment into a single protocol. [NCIT_14.08d] A class of clinical study that combines elements characteristic of traditional Phase I and Phase II trials. See also Phase I, Phase II. [NCIT_14.08d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] A trial to study the safety, dosage levels, and response to a new treatment. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C15693 Research Activity C1519043 Phase I/II Trial phase I/II trial trial phase 1-2 trial phase1/2 phase I/II trial A class of clinical study that combines elements characteristic of traditional Phase II and Phase III trials. [NCIT_14.08d] [Contributing_Source_CDISC] A trial to study response to a new treatment and the effectiveness of the treatment compared with the standard treatment regimen. [NCIT_14.08d] A type of clinical study that combines elements characteristic of traditional Phase II and Phase III trials. [NCIT_14.08d] Tanja Bekhuis C15694 Research Activity C1519042 Phase II/III Trial phase II/III trial trial phase 2-3 trial phase 2/3 phase II/III trial 2.0 Ashleigh Faith Faina Linkov Eugene Tseytlin Tanja Bekhuis The EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy (v2.0) was developed by the Evidence in Documents, Discovery, and Analytics (EDDA) Group: Tanja Bekhuis (Principal Scientist); Eugene Tseytlin (Systems Developer); Ashleigh Faith (Taxonomist); Faina Linkov (Epidemiologist). This work was made possible, in part, by the US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, grant no. R00LM010943. Foundational research is described in Bekhuis T, Demner Fushman D, Crowley RS. Comparative effectiveness research designs: an analysis of terms and coverage in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Emtree. Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA). 2013 April;101(2):92-100. PMC3634392. Coverage of the terminology appearing in JMLA was extended with terms from MeSH, NCI Thesaurus (NCI), Emtree, the HTA Database Canadian Repository [international repository for health technology assessment], and Robert Sandieson's synonym ring for research synthesis. Collected terms were enriched with terms from the NCI Metathesaurus. Variants include synonyms for preferred terms, singular and plural forms, and American and British spellings. Definitions, if they exist, are mainly from MeSH, NCI, Emtree, and medical dictionaries. A PDF of this taxonomy is available: DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3769.2406/1 The EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy by Tanja Bekhuis and Eugene Tseytlin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommercial–ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). For information about this license, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. OWL file TCB Research & Indexing LLC EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy by Tanja Bekhuis and Eugene Tseytlin is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). For information about this license, see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/. Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) Design Terminology, NLM Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), Emtree, National Cancer Institute Thesaurus (NCIT), NCI Metathesaurus, HTA Database Canadian Repository [international repository for health technology assessment], Robert Sandieson synonym ring for research synthesis. EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy EDDA Study Designs Taxonomy 2.0 C70821 Research Activity C2347799 Clinical Study by Design Clinical Study by Design clinical_trials_design clinical_trials_design http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/description http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#definition D003697 Research Activity C0086109 Delphi Studies Delphi Study Delphi study Studies, Delphi Study, Delphi Delphi Studies http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/contributor impact_evaluation impact_evaluation interventional_study interventional_study http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#hiddenLabel http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier organisational_models organisational_models D011386 Diagnostic Procedure C0031897 Frustration Study, Picture Picture Frustration Study Study, Picture Frustration Picture Frustration Study The study in the field of restoring the ability to live and work as normally as possible after a disabling injury or illness including physical, speech, and occupational therapy. (OMS94) [NCI 2014_12E] C15961 Health Care Activity C1514830 Rehabilitation Research Rehabilitation Study Rehabilitation Study http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/type single_blind_study single_blind_study synthesis_study synthesis_study http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/identifier http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos#altLabel conduct a review conduct a review crossectional_study crossectional_study evaluation_report evaluation_report evidence-based_review evidence-based_review feasibility_study feasibility_study An article or book published after examination of published material on a subject. It may be comprehensive to various degrees and the time range of material scrutinized may be broad or narrow, but the reviews most often desired are reviews of the current literature. The textual material examined may be equally broad and can encompass, in medicine specifically, clinical material as well as experimental research or case reports. State-of-the-art reviews tend to address more current matters. [MeSH_2014] Significant review of original research. [Emtree_2014] Ashleigh Faith D016454 Intellectual Product literature review literature reviews review review literature review of literature review of reported cases review, academic review, multicase reviews literature review medical_record_review medical_record_review meta-analytic meta-analytical meta-analytic meta-review meta-review meta-study meta-study meta-synthesis meta-synthesis meta anal meta anal metaanal metaanal multi-centre_randomised_controlled_study multi-centre_randomised_controlled_study overview_of_reviews-pt overview_of_reviews-pt preliminary_study preliminary_study randomised_evaluation randomised_evaluation review all studies review all studies An article or book published after examination of published material on a subject. It may be comprehensive to various degrees and the time range of material scrutinized may be broad or narrow, but the reviews most often desired are reviews of the current literature. The textual material examined may be equally broad and can encompass, in medicine specifically, clinical material as well as experimental research or case reports. State-of-the-art reviews tend to address more current matters. [MeSH_2014] Significant review of original research. [Emtree_2014] Ashleigh Faith D016454 Intellectual Product literature reviews review review literature review of literature review of reported cases review, academic review, multicase reviews literature review review_of_reviews review_of_reviews reviews studies reviews studies technological_evaluation technological_evaluation Coverage will typically include spatial location (a place name or geographic coordinates), temporal period (a period label, date, or date range) or jurisdiction (such as a named administrative entity). Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]) and that, where appropriate, named places or time periods be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges. The extent or scope of the content of the resource. Coverage Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. Example formal identification systems include the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) (including the Uniform Resource Locator (URL)), the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) and the International Standard Book Number (ISBN). An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context. Resource Identifier Recommended best practice is to use RFC 3066 [RFC3066], which, in conjunction with ISO 639 [ISO639], defines two- and three-letter primary language tags with optional subtags. Examples include "en" or "eng" for English, "akk" for Akkadian, and "en-GB" for English used in the United Kingdom. A language of the intellectual content of the resource. Language Recommended best practice is to reference the resource by means of a string or number conforming to a formal identification system. A reference to a related resource. Relation Typically, a Subject will be expressed as keywords, key phrases or classification codes that describe a topic of the resource. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary or formal classification scheme. The topic of the content of the resource. Subject and Keywords Type includes terms describing general categories, functions, genres, or aggregation levels for content. Recommended best practice is to select a value from a controlled vocabulary (for example, the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]). To describe the physical or digital manifestation of the resource, use the Format element. The nature or genre of the content of the resource. Resource Type