http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612X http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512 ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities The Environment Ontology https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/ https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/ ENVO Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/chemical_concentration.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 679 Logical Axioms: 119] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 206 Logical Axioms: 34] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 168 Logical Axioms: 29] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 40 Logical Axioms: 6] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2] 2025-02-05 http://environmentontology.org/ Root of the NMDC environmental context value set hierarchy. This property organizes subset properties used to annotate EnvO classes relevant for MIxS environmental context fields (e.g., env_broad_scale, env_local_scale, env_medium_scale). This structure guides data annotation in systems like NCBI BioSample, refining recommendations from the ENVO-MIxS integration guide, addressing questions such as 'Which EnvO classes are reasonable for populating the env_broad_scale field in a soil sample versus a water sample." NMDC environmental context value sets Subset of NMDC environmental context value sets for annotating EnvO classes suitable for MIxS environmental context fields related to soil samples. Recommended for use in metadata preparation for repositories like NCBI BioSample. NMDC Soil value sets Subset of NMDC environmental context value sets for annotating EnvO classes applicable to MIxS environmental context fields in water-related samples. Intended for use in metadata annotation workflows, including submissions to NCBI BioSample. NMDC Water value sets Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_broad_scale field in soil sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC Soil broad scale value set Used to annotate EnvO classes relevant for the MIxS env_local_scale field in soil sample metadata. Recommended for standardizing annotations in systems such as NCBI BioSample. NMDC Soil local scale value set Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_medium field in soil sample records. Intended to guide consistent environmental medium annotations in systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC Soil environmental medium value set NMDC PlantAssociated value sets Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_broad_scale field in water sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC Water broad scale value set Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_local_scale field in water sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC Water local scale value set Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_medium field in water sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC Water environmental medium value set Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_broad_scale field in plant associated sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC PlantAssociated broad scale value set Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_local_scale field in plant associated sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC PlantAssociated local scale value set Used to annotate EnvO classes appropriate for the MIxS env_medium field in plant associated sample records. Supports consistent metadata annotation for systems like NCBI BioSample. NMDC PlantAssociated environmental medium value set editor preferred term~editor preferred label example of usage has curation status definition editor note term editor alternative term definition source curator note imported from expand expression to expand assertion to term replaced by plural form An assertion that holds between an OWL Object Property and a temporal interpretation that elucidates how OWL Class Axioms that use this property are to be interpreted in a temporal context. temporal interpretation If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then it also holds that R -> P o Q. Note that this cannot be expressed directly in OWL is a defining property chain axiom If R <- P o Q is a defining property chain axiom, then (1) R -> P o Q holds and (2) Q is either reflexive or locally reflexive. A corollary of this is that P SubPropertyOf R. is a defining property chain axiom where second argument is reflexive EnvO-Lite-GSC A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Class: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Nothing> EquivalentTo: (BFO_0000050 some ?X) and (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) non_overlapping_with ENVO disconnected_from true true disconnected_from A is disconnected_from B if they have no parts in common. Disposition slim environmental_hazards envoANZSoil envoAstro envoAtmo envoCesab envoCmecs envoEOVs envoEmpo envoMarine envoMeo envoNceas envoOmics envoPlastics envoPolar Pathology slim nlcd2011 Relational slim: types of quality that require an additional entity in order to exist ro-eco Scalar slim Value slim wwfBiome subset_property synonym_type_property consider has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym has_synonym_type in_subset shorthand is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'. part_of part of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes results in transformation into To be ceded to RO results in proliferation of obsolete determined by true obsolete determined by part of true A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The journal article (a generically dependent continuant) is concretized as the quality (a specifically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a generically dependent continuant and a specifically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. A generically dependent continuant may be concretized as multiple specifically dependent continuants. is concretized as A journal article is an information artifact that inheres in some number of printed journals. For each copy of the printed journal there is some quality that carries the journal article, such as a pattern of ink. The quality (a specifically dependent continuant) concretizes the journal article (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on that copy of the printed journal (an independent continuant). An investigator reads a protocol and forms a plan to carry out an assay. The plan is a realizable entity (a specifically dependent continuant) that concretizes the protocol (a generically dependent continuant), and both depend on the investigator (an independent continuant). The plan is then realized by the assay (a process). A relationship between a specifically dependent continuant and a generically dependent continuant, in which the generically dependent continuant depends on some independent continuant in virtue of the fact that the specifically dependent continuant also depends on that same independent continuant. Multiple specifically dependent continuants can concretize the same generically dependent continuant. concretizes this catalysis function is a function of this enzyme a relation between a function and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A function inheres in its bearer at all times for which the function exists, however the function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. function_of is function of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. function of this red color is a quality of this apple a relation between a quality and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A quality inheres in its bearer at all times for which the quality exists. is quality of quality_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. quality of this investigator role is a role of this person a relation between a role and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A role inheres in its bearer at all times for which the role exists, however the role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. is role of role_of This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. role of inverse of has disposition This relation is modeled after the BFO relation of the same name which was in BFO2, but is used in a more restricted sense - specifically, we model this relation as functional (inherited from characteristic-of). Note that this relation is now removed from BFO2020. disposition of contained in Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. Containment obtains in each case between material and immaterial continuants, for instance: lung contained_in thoracic cavity; bladder contained_in pelvic cavity. Hence containment is not a transitive relation. If c part_of c1 at t then we have also, by our definition and by the axioms of mereology applied to spatial regions, c located_in c1 at t. Thus, many examples of instance-level location relations for continuants are in fact cases of instance-level parthood. For material continuants location and parthood coincide. Containment is location not involving parthood, and arises only where some immaterial continuant is involved. To understand this relation, we first define overlap for continuants as follows: c1 overlap c2 at t =def for some c, c part_of c1 at t and c part_of c2 at t. The containment relation on the instance level can then be defined (see definition): contained_in obsolete contained in true contains obsolete contains true This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. This is redundant with the more specific 'independent and not spatial region' constraint. We leave in the redundant axiom for use with reasoners that do not use negation. A relation that holds between two linear structures that are approximately parallel to each other for their entire length and where either the two structures are adjacent to each other or one is part of the other. Note from NCEAS meeting: consider changing primary label Example: if we define region of chromosome as any subdivision of a chromosome along its long axis, then we can define a region of chromosome that contains only gene x as 'chromosome region' that coincident_with some 'gene x', where the term gene X corresponds to a genomic sequence. coincident with di Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002124 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. encompasses David Osumi-Sutherland X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after David Osumi-Sutherland starts_at_end_of X immediately_preceded_by Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately preceded by David Osumi-Sutherland ends_at_start_of meets X immediately_precedes_Y iff: end(X) simultaneous_with start(Y) immediately precedes David Osumi-Sutherland d during X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) happens during https://wiki.geneontology.org/Happens_during David Osumi-Sutherland o overlaps X ends_during Y iff: ((start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X)) AND end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y). ends during true x is in taxon y if an only if y is an organism, and the relationship between x and y is one of: part of (reflexive), developmentally preceded by, derives from, secreted by, expressed. Connects a biological entity to its taxon of origin. in taxon A is spatially_disjoint_from B if and only if they have no parts in common There are two ways to encode this as a shortcut relation. The other possibility to use an annotation assertion between two classes, and expand this to a disjointness axiom. Note that it would be possible to use the relation to label the relationship between a near infinite number of structures - between the rings of saturn and my left earlobe. The intent is that this is used for parsiomoniously for disambiguation purposes - for example, between siblings in a jointly exhaustive pairwise disjointness hierarchy BFO_0000051 exactly 0 (BFO_0000050 some ?Y) spatially disjoint from https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Part-disjointness-Design-Pattern a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). a is connected to b if and only if a and b are discrete structure, and there exists some connecting structure c, such that c connects a and b connected to https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern a is attached to part of b if a is attached to b, or a is attached to some p, where p is part of b. attached to part of (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to part of true Relation between an collecting structure and another structure, where the collecting structure acts as a conduit channeling fluid, substance or energy away from the other structure. Individual ontologies should provide their own constraints on this abstract relation. For example, in the realm of anatomy this should hold between a vein and an anatomical structure drains w 'has component' p if w 'has part' p and w is such that it can be directly disassembled into into n parts p, p2, p3, ..., pn, where these parts are of similar type. The definition of 'has component' is still under discussion. The challenge is in providing a definition that does not imply transitivity. For use in recording has_part with a cardinality constraint, because OWL does not permit cardinality constraints to be used in combination with transitive object properties. In situations where you would want to say something like 'has part exactly 5 digit, you would instead use has_component exactly 5 digit. has component x develops from y if and only if either (a) x directly develops from y or (b) there exists some z such that x directly develops from z and z develops from y This is the transitive form of the develops from relation develops from inverse of develops from develops into Candidate definition: x directly_develops from y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participate in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p, and a substantial portion of the matter of x comes from y, and the start of x is coincident with or after the end of y. FBbt has developmental precursor TODO - add child relations from DOS directly develops from inverse of directly develops from developmental precursor of directly develops into p positively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p increases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. positively regulates (process to process) positively regulates c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in capable of part of true OBSOLETE x actively participates in y if and only if x participates in y and x realizes some active role agent in Obsoleted as the inverse property was obsoleted. obsolete actively participates in true OBSOLETE x has participant y if and only if x realizes some active role that inheres in y has agent obsolete has active participant true inverse of surrounded by surrounds Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to inverse of starts with Chris Mungall Allen starts Every insulin receptor signaling pathway starts with the binding of a ligand to the insulin receptor x starts with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x starts is equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: α(y) = α(x) ∧ ω(y) < ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall started by starts with x develops from part of y if and only if there exists some z such that x develops from z and z is part of y develops from part of x develops_in y if x is located in y whilst x is developing EHDAA2 Jonathan Bard, EHDAA2 develops in x ends with y if and only if x has part y and the time point at which x ends is equivalent to the time point at which y ends. Formally: α(y) > α(x) ∧ ω(y) = ω(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. Chris Mungall finished by ends with x 'has starts location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'starts with' z and z 'occurs in' y starts with process that occurs in has start location Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 3; Mammalian thymus has developmental contribution from some pharyngeal pouch 4 [Kardong] x has developmental contribution from y iff x has some part z such that z develops from y has developmental contribution from inverse of has developmental contribution from developmentally contributes to Candidate definition: x developmentally related to y if and only if there exists some developmental process (GO:0032502) p such that x and y both participates in p, and x is the output of p and y is the input of p false In general you should not use this relation to make assertions - use one of the more specific relations below this one This relation groups together various other developmental relations. It is fairly generic, encompassing induction, developmental contribution and direct and transitive develops from developmentally preceded by A faulty traffic light (material entity) whose malfunctioning (a process) is causally upstream of a traffic collision (a process): the traffic light acts upstream of the collision. c acts upstream of p if and only if c enables some f that is involved in p' and p' occurs chronologically before p, is not part of p, and affects the execution of p. c is a material entity and f, p, p' are processes. acts upstream of A gene product that has some activity, where that activity may be a part of a pathway or upstream of the pathway. c acts upstream of or within p if c is enables f, and f is causally upstream of or within p. c is a material entity and p is an process. affects acts upstream of or within https://wiki.geneontology.org/Acts_upstream_of_or_within Inverse of developmentally preceded by developmentally succeeded by 'hypopharyngeal eminence' SubClassOf 'part of precursor of' some tongue part of developmental precursor of p results in the developmental progression of s iff p is a developmental process and s is an anatomical entity and p causes s to undergo a change in state at some point along its natural developmental cycle (this cycle starts with its formation, through the mature structure, and ends with its loss). This property and its subproperties are being used primarily for the definition of GO developmental processes. The property hierarchy mirrors the core GO hierarchy. In future we may be able to make do with a more minimal set of properties, but due to the way GO is currently structured we require highly specific relations to avoid incorrect entailments. To avoid this, the corresponding genus terms in GO should be declared mutually disjoint. results in developmental progression of p is causally upstream of, positive effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p is required for the execution of q. holds between x and y if and only if x is causally upstream of y and the progression of x increases the frequency, rate or extent of y causally upstream of, positive effect p is causally upstream of, negative effect q iff p is casually upstream of q, and the execution of p decreases the execution of q. causally upstream of, negative effect true A relationship that holds via some environmental process Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the process of evolution. evolutionarily related to A relationship that is mediated in some way by the environment or environmental feature (ENVO:00002297) Awaiting class for domain/range constraint, see: https://github.com/OBOFoundry/Experimental-OBO-Core/issues/6 Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving ecological interactions ecologically related to A mereological relationship or a topological relationship Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving parthood or connectivity relationships mereotopologically related to A relationship that holds between entities participating in some developmental process (GO:0032502) Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving organismal development developmentally related to ATP citrate lyase (ACL) in Arabidopsis: it is a heterooctamer, composed of two types of subunits, ACLA and ACLB in a A(4)B(4) stoichiometry. Neither of the subunits expressed alone give ACL activity, but co-expression results in ACL activity. Both subunits contribute_to the ATP citrate lyase activity. Subunits of nuclear RNA polymerases: none of the individual subunits have RNA polymerase activity, yet all of these subunits contribute_to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. eIF2: has three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma); one binds GTP; one binds RNA; the whole complex binds the ribosome (all three subunits are required for ribosome binding). So one subunit is annotated to GTP binding and one to RNA binding without qualifiers, and all three stand in the contributes_to relationship to "ribosome binding". And all three are part_of an eIF2 complex We would like to say if and only if exists c', p' c part_of c' and c' capable_of p and c capable_of p' and p' part_of p then c contributes_to p However, this is not possible in OWL. We instead make this relation a sub-relation of the two chains, which gives us the inference in the one direction. In the context of the Gene Ontology, contributes_to may be used only with classes from the molecular function ontology. contributes to https://wiki.geneontology.org/Contributes_to A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function functionally related to this relation holds between c and p when c is part of some c', and c' is capable of p. false part of structure that is capable of true inverse of regulates regulated by (processual) regulated by inverse of negatively regulates negatively regulated by inverse of positively regulates positively regulated by An organism that is a member of a population of organisms is member of is a mereological relation between a item and a collection. is member of member part of SIO member of inverse of has input input of A relationship that holds between two material entities in a system of connected structures, where the branching relationship holds based on properties of the connecting network. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving branching relationships This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (plant branches and roots, leaf veins, animal veins, arteries, nerves) in branching relationship with https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/170 A lump of clay and a statue x spatially_coextensive_with y if and inly if x and y have the same location This relation is added for formal completeness. It is unlikely to be used in many practical scenarios spatially coextensive with x has developmental potential involving y iff x is capable of a developmental process with output y. y may be the successor of x, or may be a different structure in the vicinity (as for example in the case of developmental induction). has developmental potential involving x has potential to developmentrally contribute to y iff x developmentally contributes to y or x is capable of developmentally contributing to y has potential to developmentally contribute to x has the potential to develop into y iff x develops into y or if x is capable of developing into y has potential to develop into x has potential to directly develop into y iff x directly develops into y or x is capable of directly developing into y has potential to directly develop into inverse of upstream of causally downstream of relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents. To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives: * Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate? * Is the causal relation regulatory? * Is the influence positive or negative? The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified. For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule. For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral. Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' regulates some p involved in regulation of c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' positively regulates some p involved in positive regulation of c involved in or regulates p if and only if either (i) c is involved in p or (ii) c is involved in regulation of p OWL does not allow defining object properties via a Union involved in or reguates involved in or involved in regulation of A relationship that holds between two entities in which the processes executed by the two entities are causally connected. Considering relabeling as 'pairwise interacts with' This relation and all sub-relations can be applied to either (1) pairs of entities that are interacting at any moment of time (2) populations or species of entity whose members have the disposition to interact (3) classes whose members have the disposition to interact. Note that this relationship type, and sub-relationship types may be redundant with process terms from other ontologies. For example, the symbiotic relationship hierarchy parallels GO. The relations are provided as a convenient shortcut. Consider using the more expressive processual form to capture your data. In the future, these relations will be linked to their cognate processes through rules. in pairwise interaction with interacts with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/interaction-relations/ http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MI_0914 An interaction relationship in which at least one of the partners is an organism and the other is either an organism or an abiotic entity with which the organism interacts. interacts with on organism level biotically interacts with http://eol.org/schema/terms/interactsWith Inverse of provides nutrients for Intended to be used when the target of the relation is not itself consumed, and does not have integral parts consumed, but provided nutrients in some other fashion. acquires nutrients from A biotic interaction where a material entity provides nutrition for an organism. provides nutrients for true x transformation of y if x is the immediate transformation of y, or is linked to y through a chain of transformation relationships transformation of p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between processes depends on q towards e2 if and only if q is a relational quality such that q inheres-in some e, and e != e2 and q is dependent on e2 This relation is provided in order to support the use of relational qualities such as 'concentration of'; for example, the concentration of C in V is a quality that inheres in V, but pertains to C. towards The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between entities inverse of determined by determines (material entity to system) determines true causally influenced by (entity-centric) causally influenced by The entity or characteristic A is causally upstream of the entity or characteristic B, A having an effect on B. An entity corresponds to any biological type of entity as long as a mass is measurable. A characteristic corresponds to a particular specificity of an entity (e.g., phenotype, shape, size). causally influences (entity-centric) causally influences A relation that holds between elements of a musculoskeletal system or its analogs. Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving the biomechanical processes. biomechanically related to gland SubClassOf 'has part structure that is capable of' some 'secretion by cell' s 'has part structure that is capable of' p if and only if there exists some part x such that s 'has part' x and x 'capable of' p has part structure that is capable of A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect. causal relation between material entity and a process pyrethroid -> growth Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a regulates p. capable of regulating Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a negatively regulates p. capable of negatively regulating renin -> arteriolar smooth muscle contraction Holds between c and p if and only if c is capable of some activity a, and a positively regulates p. capable of positively regulating a produces b if some process that occurs_in a has_output b, where a and b are material entities. Examples: hybridoma cell line produces monoclonal antibody reagent; chondroblast produces avascular GAG-rich matrix. Note that this definition doesn't quite distinguish the output of a transformation process from a production process, which is related to the identity/granularity issue. produces a produced_by b iff some process that occurs_in b has_output a. produced by A relationship between a realizable entity R (e.g. function or disposition) and a material entity M where R is realized in response to a process that has an input stimulus of M. 2017-12-26T19:45:49Z realized in response to stimulus 2018-03-13T23:55:05Z causally upstream of or within, negative effect https://wiki.geneontology.org/Causally_upstream_of_or_within,_negative_effect 2018-03-13T23:55:19Z causally upstream of or within, positive effect muffin 'has substance added' some 'baking soda' "has substance added" is a relation existing between a (physical) entity and a substance in which the entity has had the substance added to it at some point in time. The relation X 'has substance added' some Y doesn't imply that X still has Y in any detectable fashion subsequent to the addition. Water in dehydrated food or ice cubes are examples, as is food that undergoes chemical transformation. This definition should encompass recipe ingredients. has substance added A drought sensitivity trait that inheres in a whole plant is realized in a systemic response process in response to exposure to drought conditions. An inflammatory disease that is realized in response to an inflammatory process occurring in the gut (which is itself the realization of a process realized in response to harmful stimuli in the mucosal lining of th gut) Environmental polymorphism in butterflies: These butterflies have a 'responsivity to day length trait' that is realized in response to the duration of the day, and is realized in developmental processes that lead to increased or decreased pigmentation in the adult morph. r 'realized in response to' s iff, r is a realizable (e.g. a plant trait such as responsivity to drought), s is an environmental stimulus (a process), and s directly causes the realization of r. triggered by process realized in response to https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KWhZxVBhIPkV6_daHta0h6UyHbjY2eIrnON1WIRGgdY/edit triggered by process Genetic information generically depend on molecules of DNA. The novel *War and Peace* generically depends on this copy of the novel. The pattern shared by chess boards generically depends on any chess board. The score of a symphony g-depends on a copy of the score. This pdf file generically depends on this server. A generically dependent continuant *b* generically depends on an independent continuant *c* at time *t* means: there inheres in *c* a specifically deendent continuant which concretizes *b* at *t*. [072-ISO] g-depends on generically depends on Molecules of DNA are carriers of genetic information. This copy of *War and Peace* is carrier of the novel written by Tolstoy. This hard drive is carrier of these data items. *b* is carrier of *c* at time *t* if and only if *c* *g-depends on* *b* at *t* [072-ISO] is carrier of A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen. X device utilizes material Y means X and Y are material entities, and X is capable of some process P that has input Y. A diagnostic testing device utilizes a specimen means that the diagnostic testing device is capable of an assay, and this assay a specimen as its input. See github ticket https://github.com/oborel/obo-relations/issues/497 2021-11-08T12:00:00Z utilizes device utilizes material BFO:0000001 entity BFO:0000002 An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant BFO:0000003 An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. occurrent BFO:0000004 b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) BFO:0000006 spatial region BFO:0000008 temporal region BFO:0000011 spatiotemporal region BFO:0000015 p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO:0000016 disposition BFO:0000017 A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. realizable entity BFO:0000019 quality BFO:0000020 b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n &gt; 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i &lt; j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004]) b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) BFO:0000023 A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant in virtue of the kind of thing that it is but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. role BFO:0000024 fiat object fiat object part BFO:0000027 object aggregate BFO:0000029 site BFO:0000030 object BFO:0000031 b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) generically dependent continuant BFO:0000034 function BFO:0000035 p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) BFO:0000038 one-dimensional temporal region BFO:0000040 An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. material entity BFO:0000140 b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO:0000141 immaterial entity BFO:0000142 one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary BFO:0000146 two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary CHEBI:10545 electron CHEBI:131621 C19-steroid CHEBI:131927 dicarboxylic acids and O-substituted derivatives CHEBI:133331 metal oxide CHEBI:13389 NAD CHEBI:13392 NAD(P)H CHEBI:134024 chlorofluorocarbon CHEBI:134179 volatile organic compound CHEBI:134438 titanium oxides CHEBI:13643 glycol CHEBI:137980 metalloid atom CHEBI:138675 Any main group molecular entity that is gaseous at standard temperature and pressure (STP; 0degreeC and 100 kPa). gas molecular entities gaseous molecular entities gaseous molecular entity gas molecular entity CHEBI:139120 carotenoid beta-end derivative CHEBI:139291 chlorophyll(1-) CHEBI:139292 chlorophyllide(2-) CHEBI:140503 kaolin CHEBI:15022 electron donor CHEBI:15339 acceptor CHEBI:15368 acrolein CHEBI:15377 water CHEBI:15378 hydron CHEBI:15379 Disauerstoff E 948 E-948 E948 O2 OXYGEN MOLECULE Oxygen [OO] dioxygene molecular oxygen dioxygen CHEBI:15422 ATP CHEBI:155827 argon-39 atom CHEBI:155903 copper(II) phthalocyanine CHEBI:155908 copper tetrapyrrole CHEBI:15611 sarcosine CHEBI:15734 primary alcohol CHEBI:15996 GTP CHEBI:16042 halide anion CHEBI:16134 An azane that consists of a single nitrogen atom covelently bonded to three hydrogen atoms. AMMONIA Ammonia Ammoniak NH3 R-717 [NH3] ammoniac amoniaco spirit of hartshorn ammonia CHEBI:16136 hydrogen sulfide CHEBI:16183 methane CHEBI:16189 A sulfur oxoanion obtained by deprotonation of both OH groups of sulfuric acid. Sulfate sulfate SO4(2-) SULFATE ION Sulfate anion(2-) Sulfate dianion Sulfate(2-) Sulfuric acid ion(2-) [SO4](2-) sulphate sulphate ion sulfate CHEBI:16199 urea CHEBI:16234 hydroxide CHEBI:16236 ethanol CHEBI:16240 hydrogen peroxide CHEBI:16261 chitosan CHEBI:16301 nitrite CHEBI:16336 hyaluronic acid CHEBI:16454 pantothenate CHEBI:16474 NADPH CHEBI:16482 naphthalene CHEBI:16526 carbon dioxide CHEBI:16646 Any member of the class of organooxygen compounds that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone or a lactol resulting from their intramolecular condensation (monosaccharides); substances derived from these by reduction of the carbonyl group (alditols), by oxidation of one or more hydroxy groups to afford the corresponding aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids, or by replacement of one or more hydroxy group(s) by a hydrogen atom; and polymeric products arising by intermolecular acetal formation between two or more such molecules (disaccharides, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides). Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms; prior to any oxidation or reduction, most have the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n. Compounds obtained from carbohydrates by substitution, etc., are known as carbohydrate derivatives and may contain other elements. Cyclitols are generally not regarded as carbohydrates. Kohlenhydrat Kohlenhydrate a carbohydrate carbohidrato carbohidratos glucide glucides glucido glucidos hydrates de carbone saccharide saccharides saccharidum carbohydrate CHEBI:16670 peptide CHEBI:166975 soybean oil CHEBI:16701 nucleoside 5'-phosphate CHEBI:16716 benzene CHEBI:167164 mineral nutrient CHEBI:167559 Any oligosaccharide, polysaccharide or their derivatives consisting of monosaccharides or monosaccharide derivatives linked by glycosidic bonds. See also http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/GNO?iri=http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GNO_00000001. glycans glycan CHEBI:16842 formaldehyde CHEBI:16900 chlorophyllide a CHEBI:16908 NADH CHEBI:16966 heteroglycan CHEBI:16997 propane-1,2-diol CHEBI:17029 chitin CHEBI:17045 dinitrogen oxide CHEBI:17051 fluoride CHEBI:17087 ketone CHEBI:17245 carbon monoxide CHEBI:17326 nucleoside 5'-triphoshate CHEBI:17347 testosterone CHEBI:17478 aldehyde CHEBI:17544 hydrogencarbonate CHEBI:17548 alginic acid CHEBI:17578 toluene CHEBI:17579 beta-carotene CHEBI:17632 nitrate CHEBI:17654 electron acceptor CHEBI:17790 methanol CHEBI:17792 organohalogen compound CHEBI:17883 hydrogen chloride CHEBI:17891 donor CHEBI:17972 ribonucleoside triphosphate CHEBI:17996 chloride CHEBI:17997 dinitrogen CHEBI:18059 lipid CHEBI:18085 glycosaminoglycan CHEBI:18139 trimethylamine CHEBI:18140 hydrogen halide CHEBI:18154 A biomacromolecule consisting of large numbers of monosaccharide residues linked glycosidically. This term is commonly used only for those containing more than ten monosaccharide residues. Polysaccharide Glycan Glycane Glykan Glykane glycans polisacarido polisacaridos polysaccharide CHEBI:18230 chlorophyll a CHEBI:18246 (1->4)-beta-D-glucan CHEBI:18248 iron atom CHEBI:18276 dihydrogen CHEBI:18291 manganese atom CHEBI:18310 alkane CHEBI:18367 phosphate(3-) CHEBI:18407 hydrogen cyanide CHEBI:18422 sulfur dioxide CHEBI:190295 inorganic calcium salt CHEBI:21638 N-acylglucosamine CHEBI:21656 N-acyl-hexosamine CHEBI:21760 N-methyl-amino acid CHEBI:21766 N-methylglycines CHEBI:22160 acetamides CHEBI:22256 adenosine phosphate CHEBI:22313 alkaline earth metal atom CHEBI:22314 alkali metal atom CHEBI:22323 alkyl group CHEBI:22331 alkylamines CHEBI:22506 aminoglycan CHEBI:22563 A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the electron. Anion anion Anionen aniones anions anion CHEBI:22629 arsenate ion CHEBI:22632 arsenic molecular entity CHEBI:22695 base CHEBI:22712 benzenes CHEBI:22718 benzoates CHEBI:22728 benzopyrrole CHEBI:22918 branched-chain amino acid CHEBI:22927 bromine atom CHEBI:22977 cadmium atom CHEBI:22984 calcium atom CHEBI:22985 calcium molecular entity CHEBI:23014 carbon oxide CHEBI:23016 carbonates CHEBI:23042 carotene CHEBI:23043 epoxycarotenoid CHEBI:23044 carotenoid CHEBI:23045 carotenol CHEBI:23114 chloride salt CHEBI:23116 chlorine atom CHEBI:23117 chlorine molecular entity CHEBI:23237 chromium molecular entity CHEBI:23367 Any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity. entidad molecular entidades moleculares entite moleculaire molecular entities molekulare Entitaet molecular entity CHEBI:23377 copper molecular entity CHEBI:23449 cyclic peptide CHEBI:23824 diol CHEBI:23888 drug CHEBI:23905 monoatomic anion CHEBI:23906 monoatomic cation CHEBI:23924 enzyme inhibitor CHEBI:23982 ethanols CHEBI:24061 fluorine atom CHEBI:24062 fluorine molecular entity CHEBI:24271 glucosamines CHEBI:24373 glycine derivative CHEBI:24431 A chemical entity is a physical entity of interest in chemistry including molecular entities, parts thereof, and chemical substances. chemical entity chemical entity CHEBI:24432 A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a biological context. biological function biological role CHEBI:24433 group CHEBI:24455 guanosine phosphate CHEBI:24471 halogen molecular entity CHEBI:24473 halogen CHEBI:24532 organic heterocyclic compound CHEBI:24533 heterodetic cyclic peptide CHEBI:24586 hexosamine CHEBI:24632 hydrocarbon CHEBI:24636 proton CHEBI:24651 Hydroxides are chemical compounds containing a hydroxy group or salts containing hydroxide (OH(-)). hydroxides CHEBI:24675 hydroxybenzoate CHEBI:24828 indoles CHEBI:24833 A compound which contains oxygen, at least one other element, and at least one hydrogen bound to oxygen, and which produces a conjugate base by loss of positive hydrogen ion(s) (hydrons). oxacids oxiacids oxo acid oxy-acids oxyacids oxoacid CHEBI:24834 inorganic anions inorganic anion CHEBI:24835 A molecular entity that contains no carbon. anorganische Verbindungen inorganic compounds inorganic entity inorganic molecular entities inorganics inorganic molecular entity CHEBI:24836 inorganic oxides inorganic oxide CHEBI:24837 inorganic peroxide CHEBI:24839 inorganic salt CHEBI:24840 inorganic sulfate salt CHEBI:24866 salt CHEBI:24867 monoatomic ion CHEBI:24870 A molecular entity having a net electric charge. Ion ion Ionen iones ions ion CHEBI:24873 iron molecular entity CHEBI:24913 isoprenoid CHEBI:25016 lead atom CHEBI:25017 leucine CHEBI:25107 magnesium atom CHEBI:25108 magnesium molecular entity CHEBI:25111 magnesium porphyrin CHEBI:25154 manganese molecular entity CHEBI:25212 metabolite CHEBI:25213 metal cation CHEBI:25216 metalloporphyrin CHEBI:25248 methyl ester CHEBI:25274 methylamines CHEBI:25355 mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor CHEBI:25362 A molecule all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic molecule homoatomic molecules elemental molecule CHEBI:25367 Any polyatomic entity that is an electrically neutral entity consisting of more than one atom. molecule Molekuel molecula molecules neutral molecular compounds molecule CHEBI:25384 monocarboxylic acid CHEBI:25388 monohydroxybenzoate CHEBI:25414 monoatomic monocation CHEBI:25430 monoatomic polycation CHEBI:25435 mutagen CHEBI:25442 mycotoxin CHEBI:25477 naphthalenes CHEBI:25501 neoxanthin CHEBI:25512 neurotransmitter CHEBI:25523 NADP CHEBI:25524 NAD(P) CHEBI:25527 nicotinamide nucleotide CHEBI:25555 7N N Stickstoff azote nitrogen nitrogeno nitrogen atom CHEBI:25567 nitrous acid CHEBI:25585 Nichtmetall Nichtmetalle no metal no metales non-metal non-metaux nonmetal nonmetals nonmetal atom CHEBI:25608 nucleoside phosphate CHEBI:25693 organic heteromonocyclic compound CHEBI:25696 organic anion CHEBI:25697 organic cation CHEBI:25698 ether CHEBI:25699 organic ion CHEBI:25701 organic oxide CHEBI:25703 organic phosphate CHEBI:2571 aliphatic alcohol CHEBI:25710 organophosphorus compound CHEBI:25741 An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. oxide oxides oxide CHEBI:25805 oxygen atom CHEBI:25806 oxygen molecular entity oxygen molecular entities oxygen molecular entity CHEBI:25812 ozone CHEBI:25900 aldopentose phosphate CHEBI:25940 peroxides CHEBI:25944 pesticide CHEBI:26020 phosphate CHEBI:26079 phosphoric acid derivative CHEBI:26082 phosphorus molecular entity CHEBI:26130 biological pigment CHEBI:26167 polar amino acid CHEBI:26178 polyester macromolecule CHEBI:26191 polyol CHEBI:26214 porphyrins CHEBI:26216 potassium atom CHEBI:26217 potassium molecular entity CHEBI:26284 propane-1,2-diols CHEBI:26288 propanediol CHEBI:26393 purine nucleoside triphosphate CHEBI:26395 purine nucleotide CHEBI:26398 purine ribonucleoside triphosphate CHEBI:26400 purine ribonucleotide CHEBI:26401 purines CHEBI:26421 pyridines CHEBI:26490 quinate CHEBI:26523 reactive oxygen species CHEBI:26561 ribonucleotide CHEBI:26562 ribose phosphate CHEBI:26675 silicic acid CHEBI:26677 silicon molecular entity CHEBI:26708 sodium atom CHEBI:26710 sodium chloride CHEBI:26712 sodium molecular entity CHEBI:26714 sodium salt CHEBI:26816 carbohydrate phosphate CHEBI:26820 sulfates CHEBI:26822 sulfide CHEBI:26833 16S Elemental sulfur S Schwefel azufre soufre sulfur sulphur theion sulfur atom CHEBI:26835 sulfur molecular entity sulfur molecular entities sulfur molecular entity CHEBI:26836 A sulfur oxoacid that consists of two oxo and two hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central sulfur atom. Sulfuric acid sulfuric acid Acide sulfurique Acido sulfurico Acidum sulfuricum H2SO4 Schwefelsaeureloesungen [S(OH)2O2] [SO2(OH)2] sulphuric acid sulfuric acid CHEBI:26873 terpenoid CHEBI:26878 tertiary alcohol CHEBI:26932 tetrapyrrole CHEBI:26935 tetraterpenoid CHEBI:26986 threonine CHEBI:27007 tin atom CHEBI:27024 toluenes CHEBI:27026 toxin CHEBI:27027 micronutrient CHEBI:27081 transition element atom CHEBI:27153 monoatomic trication CHEBI:27171 organic heterobicyclic compound CHEBI:27275 vanadium molecular entity CHEBI:27295 violaxanthin CHEBI:27325 xanthophyll CHEBI:27338 xylene CHEBI:27363 zinc atom CHEBI:27364 zinc molecular entity CHEBI:27376 methanesulfonic acid CHEBI:27547 zeaxanthin CHEBI:27560 boron atom CHEBI:27563 arsenic atom CHEBI:27573 silicon atom CHEBI:27594 6C C Carbon Kohlenstoff carbon carbone carbonium carbono carbon atom CHEBI:27638 cobalt atom CHEBI:27780 detergent CHEBI:27798 nitrobenzene CHEBI:27856 acetamide CHEBI:27888 chlorophyll b CHEBI:27889 lead(0) CHEBI:28073 chromium atom CHEBI:28112 nickel atom CHEBI:28315 alloxanthine CHEBI:28425 alpha-carotene CHEBI:28659 phosphorus atom CHEBI:28685 molybdenum atom CHEBI:28694 copper atom CHEBI:28793 beta-D-glucan CHEBI:28798 rubber particle CHEBI:28838 lutein CHEBI:28868 fatty acid anion CHEBI:28938 An onium cation obtained by protonation of ammonia. ammonium Ammonium(1+) NH4(+) NH4+ [NH4](+) ammonium cation ammonium ion ammonium CHEBI:28963 amino sugar CHEBI:28966 chlorophyll CHEBI:28976 carbonic acid CHEBI:29067 carboxylic acid anion CHEBI:29075 mononucleotide CHEBI:29125 arsenate(3-) CHEBI:29228 hydrogen fluoride CHEBI:29238 tritium atom CHEBI:29241 silicate(4-) CHEBI:29337 azanide CHEBI:29347 monocarboxylic acid amide CHEBI:29412 oxonium CHEBI:29438 methanide CHEBI:29919 hydrosulfide CHEBI:30033 bacteriochlorophyll a CHEBI:30052 copper(0) CHEBI:30145 lithium atom CHEBI:30187 aluminium oxide CHEBI:30212 photon CHEBI:30216 alpha-particle CHEBI:30217 helium atom CHEBI:30218 helium-3 atom CHEBI:30356 isobutyl group CHEBI:30412 monoatomic dication CHEBI:30440 thallium CHEBI:30496 sulfur hexafluoride CHEBI:30512 silver atom CHEBI:30513 antimony atom CHEBI:30514 caesium atom CHEBI:30563 silicon dioxide CHEBI:30751 formic acid CHEBI:30762 salicylate CHEBI:30879 alcohol CHEBI:32178 Talc CHEBI:32234 titanium dioxide CHEBI:32594 barium atom CHEBI:32627 leucinate CHEBI:32628 leucinium CHEBI:32876 tertiary amine CHEBI:32952 amine CHEBI:32955 epoxide CHEBI:32988 amide CHEBI:32999 europium atom CHEBI:3311 calcium carbonate CHEBI:33232 Intended use of the molecular entity or part thereof by humans. application CHEBI:33233 fundamental particle CHEBI:33238 monoatomic entity CHEBI:33240 coordination entity CHEBI:33241 oxoacid derivative CHEBI:33242 inorganic hydrides inorganic hydride CHEBI:33245 organic fundamental parent CHEBI:33247 organic group CHEBI:33248 hydrocarbyl group CHEBI:33249 organyl group CHEBI:33250 A chemical entity constituting the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element. atome atomo atoms atomus element elements atom CHEBI:33251 monoatomic hydrogen CHEBI:33252 atomic nucleus CHEBI:33253 nucleon CHEBI:33256 primary amide CHEBI:33259 A molecular entity all atoms of which have the same atomic number. homoatomic entity homoatomic molecular entities homoatomic molecular entity elemental molecular entity CHEBI:33260 elemental hydrogen CHEBI:33261 organosulfur compound CHEBI:33262 elemental oxygen CHEBI:33263 diatomic oxygen CHEBI:33265 triatomic oxygen CHEBI:33266 diatomic nitrogen CHEBI:33267 elemental nitrogen CHEBI:33273 An anion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic anions polyatomic anion CHEBI:33280 molecular messenger CHEBI:33281 antimicrobial agent CHEBI:33284 A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow. nutrients nutrient CHEBI:33285 A heteroorganic entity is an organic molecular entity in which carbon atoms or organic groups are bonded directly to one or more heteroatoms. heteroorganic entities organoelement compounds heteroorganic entity CHEBI:33286 agrochemical CHEBI:33287 fertilizer CHEBI:33290 food CHEBI:33292 fuel CHEBI:33296 alkali metal molecular entity CHEBI:33299 alkaline earth molecular entity CHEBI:33300 Any p-block element atom that is in group 15 of the periodic table: nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. group 15 elements group V elements nitrogenoideos nitrogenoides pnictogene pnictogenes pnictogen CHEBI:33302 A p-block molecular entity containing any pnictogen. pnictogen molecular entity pnictogen molecular entities pnictogen molecular entity CHEBI:33303 Any p-block element belonging to the group 16 family of the periodic table. Chalkogen Chalkogene anfigeno anfigenos calcogeno calcogenos chalcogene chalcogenes group 16 elements group VI elements chalcogen CHEBI:33304 Any p-block molecular entity containing a chalcogen. chalcogen molecular entity chalcogen compounds chalcogen molecular entities chalcogen molecular entity CHEBI:33306 carbon group element carbon group elements carbonoides cristallogene cristallogenes group IV elements carbon group element atom CHEBI:33308 carboxylic ester CHEBI:33309 noble gas atom CHEBI:33315 monoatomic helium CHEBI:33316 helium(2+) CHEBI:33317 boron group element atom CHEBI:33318 An atom belonging to one of the main groups (found in the s- and p- blocks) of the periodic table. Hauptgruppenelement Hauptgruppenelemente main group element main group element atom CHEBI:33319 lanthanoid atom CHEBI:33321 rare earth metal atom CHEBI:33324 strontium atom CHEBI:33327 silicon oxide CHEBI:33328 silicon oxoacid CHEBI:33331 yttrium atom CHEBI:33335 scandium group element atom CHEBI:33336 lanthanum atom CHEBI:33340 zinc group element atom CHEBI:33341 titanium atom CHEBI:33344 niobium atom CHEBI:33345 titanium group element atom CHEBI:33347 vanadium group element atom CHEBI:33350 chromium group element atom CHEBI:33352 manganese group element atom CHEBI:33356 iron group element atom CHEBI:33358 cobalt group element atom CHEBI:33362 nickel group element atom CHEBI:33366 copper group element atom CHEBI:33369 cerium CHEBI:33372 neodymium atom CHEBI:33374 samarium atom CHEBI:33375 gadolinium atom CHEBI:33377 dysprosium atom CHEBI:33400 platinum(0) CHEBI:33402 oxoacids of sulfur sulfur oxoacids sulfur oxoacid CHEBI:33405 hydracid CHEBI:33408 pnictogen oxoacid CHEBI:33415 elemental carbon CHEBI:33424 sulfur oxoacid derivative CHEBI:33429 monoatomic monoanion CHEBI:33431 elemental chlorine CHEBI:33432 monoatomic chlorine CHEBI:33433 monoatomic halogen CHEBI:33434 elemental halogen CHEBI:33447 phospho sugar CHEBI:33455 nitrogen oxoacid CHEBI:33458 nitrogen oxoanion CHEBI:33459 pnictogen oxoanion CHEBI:33461 phosphorus oxoanion CHEBI:33465 elemental pnictogen CHEBI:33482 sulfur oxoanion oxoanions of sulfur sulfur oxoanions sulfur oxoanion CHEBI:33484 chalcogen oxoacid chalcogen oxoacids chalcogen oxoacid CHEBI:33485 chalcogen oxoanion chalcogen oxoanions chalcogen oxoanion CHEBI:33497 transition element molecular entity CHEBI:33498 actinoid molecular entity CHEBI:33499 uranium molecular entity CHEBI:33521 metal atom CHEBI:33535 sulfur hydride CHEBI:33551 organosulfonic acid CHEBI:33552 sulfonic acid derivative CHEBI:33558 alpha-amino-acid anion CHEBI:33559 s-block element atom CHEBI:33560 Any main group element atom belonging to the p-block of the periodic table. p-block element p-block elements p-block element atom CHEBI:33561 d-block element atom CHEBI:33562 f-block element atom CHEBI:33575 carboxylic acid CHEBI:33579 A molecular entity containing one or more atoms from any of groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 of the periodic table. main group compounds main group molecular entities main group molecular entity CHEBI:33581 boron group molecular entity CHEBI:33582 carbon group molecular entity carbon group molecular entities carbon group molecular entity CHEBI:33583 noble gas molecular entity CHEBI:33585 lead molecular entity CHEBI:33595 Any molecule that consists of a series of atoms joined together to form a ring. cyclic compounds cyclic compound CHEBI:33597 homocyclic compound CHEBI:33598 carbocyclic compound CHEBI:33608 hydrogen compounds hydrogen molecular entities hydrogen molecular entity CHEBI:33620 aluminium molecular entity CHEBI:33623 aluminium oxides CHEBI:33628 elemental aluminium CHEBI:33635 polycyclic compound CHEBI:33636 bicyclic compound CHEBI:33637 ortho-fused compound CHEBI:33641 olefin CHEBI:33645 acyclic olefin CHEBI:33646 alkadiene CHEBI:33653 aliphatic compound CHEBI:33655 A cyclically conjugated molecular entity with a stability (due to delocalization) significantly greater than that of a hypothetical localized structure (e.g. Kekule structure) is said to possess aromatic character. aromatics aromatische Verbindungen aromatic compound CHEBI:33658 arene CHEBI:33659 organic aromatic compound CHEBI:33661 monocyclic compound CHEBI:33662 annulene CHEBI:33663 cyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:33664 monocyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:33666 polycyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:33670 heteromonocyclic compound CHEBI:33671 heteropolycyclic compound CHEBI:33672 heterobicyclic compound CHEBI:33673 zinc group molecular entity CHEBI:33674 An s-block molecular entity is a molecular entity containing one or more atoms of an s-block element. s-block molecular entity s-block compounds s-block molecular entities s-block molecular entity CHEBI:33675 A main group molecular entity that contains one or more atoms of a p-block element. p-block compounds p-block molecular entities p-block molecular entitiy p-block molecular entity CHEBI:33676 d-block molecular entity CHEBI:33677 f-block molecular entity CHEBI:33679 helium molecular entity CHEBI:33680 elemental helium CHEBI:33692 Hydrides are chemical compounds of hydrogen with other chemical elements. hydrides CHEBI:33693 oxygen hydride CHEBI:33694 A macromolecule formed by a living organism. Biopolymere biomacromolecules biopolymers biomacromolecule CHEBI:33702 polyatomic cation CHEBI:33703 amino-acid cation CHEBI:33704 alpha-amino acid CHEBI:33709 amino acid CHEBI:33719 alpha-amino-acid cation CHEBI:33741 chromium group molecular entity CHEBI:33743 manganese group molecular entity CHEBI:33744 iron group molecular entity CHEBI:33745 copper group molecular entity CHEBI:33746 vanadium group molecular entity CHEBI:33747 nickel group molecular entity CHEBI:33749 platinum molecular entity CHEBI:33768 titanium group molecular entity CHEBI:33822 organic hydroxy compound CHEBI:33832 organic cyclic compound CHEBI:33833 heteroarene CHEBI:33836 benzenoid aromatic compound CHEBI:33839 A macromolecule is a molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. macromolecules polymer polymer molecule polymers macromolecule CHEBI:33842 aromatic annulene CHEBI:33847 monocyclic arene CHEBI:33848 polycyclic arene CHEBI:33861 transition element coordination entity CHEBI:33893 reagent CHEBI:33909 metallotetrapyrrole CHEBI:33937 Any nutrient required in large quantities by organisms throughout their life in order to orchestrate a range of physiological functions. Macronutrients are usually chemical elements (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur) that humans consume in the largest quantities. Calcium, sodium, magnesium and potassium are sometimes included as macronutrients because they are required in relatively large quantities compared with other vitamins and minerals. macronutrients macronutrient CHEBI:33958 halide salt CHEBI:33969 gold molecular entity CHEBI:33976 magnesium coordination entity CHEBI:35106 nitrogen hydrides nitrogen hydride CHEBI:35107 Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2. azanes azane CHEBI:35131 aldose phosphate CHEBI:35156 calcium salt CHEBI:35163 cyclic carotene CHEBI:35175 sulfate salt CHEBI:35186 terpene CHEBI:35193 tetraterpene CHEBI:35195 surfactant CHEBI:35196 nitrogen oxide CHEBI:35204 tracer CHEBI:35209 label CHEBI:35217 alkaline earth coordination entity CHEBI:35222 inhibitor CHEBI:35230 fossil fuel CHEBI:35274 ammonium ion derivative CHEBI:35293 fused compound CHEBI:35294 carbopolycyclic compound CHEBI:35295 homopolycyclic compound CHEBI:35296 ortho-fused polycyclic arene CHEBI:35307 epoxycarotenol CHEBI:35341 steroid CHEBI:35343 17beta-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:35350 hydroxy steroid CHEBI:35352 organonitrogen compound CHEBI:35402 chromium oxoanion CHEBI:35403 chromium coordination entity CHEBI:35404 chromate(2-) CHEBI:35405 transition element oxoanion CHEBI:35406 An oxoanion is an anion derived from an oxoacid by loss of hydron(s) bound to oxygen. oxoanion oxoacid anions oxoanions oxoanion CHEBI:35426 ortho-fused bicyclic arene CHEBI:35427 ortho-fused polycyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:35428 ortho-fused bicyclic hydrocarbon CHEBI:35441 antiinfective agent CHEBI:35479 alkali metal salt CHEBI:35480 analgesic CHEBI:35552 heterocyclic organic fundamental parent CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug CHEBI:35604 carbon oxoanion CHEBI:35605 carbon oxoacid CHEBI:35620 vasodilator agent CHEBI:35681 secondary alcohol CHEBI:35701 ester CHEBI:35715 nitro compound CHEBI:35716 C-nitro compound CHEBI:35757 monocarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:35776 arsenic oxoanion CHEBI:35780 phosphate ion CHEBI:35789 oxo steroid CHEBI:35875 imidazopyrimidine CHEBI:35881 pnictogen hydride pnictogen hydrides pnictogen hydride CHEBI:36059 hydroxy monocarboxylic acid anion CHEBI:36093 inorganic chloride CHEBI:36125 cyclitol carboxylic acid anion CHEBI:36244 dicarboxylic acid monoester CHEBI:36309 cyclic tetrapyrrole CHEBI:36338 lepton CHEBI:36339 baryon CHEBI:36340 fermion CHEBI:36341 boson CHEBI:36342 A particle smaller than an atom. subatomic particles subatomic particle CHEBI:36343 composite particle CHEBI:36344 hadron CHEBI:36347 nuclear particle CHEBI:36357 Any molecular entity consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic entities polyatomic entity CHEBI:36358 An ion consisting of more than one atom. polyatomic ions polyatomic ion CHEBI:36359 phosphorus oxoacid derivative CHEBI:36360 phosphorus oxoacids and derivatives CHEBI:36364 alkaline earth salt CHEBI:36388 saturated organic heterocyclic parent CHEBI:36389 saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent CHEBI:36562 main-group coordination entity CHEBI:36586 carbonyl compound CHEBI:36587 organic oxo compound CHEBI:36683 organochlorine compound CHEBI:36785 carbobicyclic compound CHEBI:36830 monoanion CHEBI:36838 17-hydroxy steroid CHEBI:36892 elemental fluorine CHEBI:36895 monoatomic fluorine CHEBI:36902 chalcogen hydride CHEBI:36908 argon molecular entity CHEBI:36914 inorganic ions inorganic ion CHEBI:36915 inorganic cations inorganic cation CHEBI:36916 A monoatomic or polyatomic species having one or more elementary charges of the proton. Cation cation Kation Kationen cationes cations cation CHEBI:36927 carbon-14 atom CHEBI:36928 carbon-13 atom CHEBI:36961 chalcocarbonic acid CHEBI:36962 An organochalcogen compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-chalcogen bond. organochalcogen compound organochalcogen compounds organochalcogen compound CHEBI:36963 An organochalcogen compound containing at least one carbon-oxygen bond. organooxygen compound organooxygen compounds organooxygen compound CHEBI:36976 nucleotide CHEBI:36980 pyridine nucleotide CHEBI:37007 nicotinamide dinucleotide CHEBI:37015 ribonucleoside 5'-phosphate CHEBI:37022 amino-acid anion CHEBI:37045 purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate CHEBI:37076 ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate CHEBI:37096 adenosine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:37121 guanosine 5'-phosphate CHEBI:37133 barium molecular entity CHEBI:37134 elemental barium CHEBI:37143 organofluorine compound CHEBI:37163 glucan CHEBI:37164 homopolysaccharide CHEBI:37175 organic hydride CHEBI:37176 mononuclear hydride mononuclear hydrides mononuclear parent hydride CHEBI:37190 silicon coordination entity CHEBI:37191 silicon oxoanion CHEBI:37193 elemental lead CHEBI:37217 titanium molecular entity CHEBI:37349 phosphorus oxide CHEBI:37376 tetraphosphorus decaoxide CHEBI:37395 mucopolysaccharide CHEBI:37403 copper coordination entity CHEBI:37404 elemental copper CHEBI:37407 cyclic ether CHEBI:37527 acid CHEBI:37577 A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. chemical compound heteroatomic molecular entities heteroatomic molecular entity CHEBI:37578 halide CHEBI:37602 allenes CHEBI:37622 carboxamide CHEBI:37734 phosphoric ester CHEBI:37826 sulfuric acid derivative CHEBI:38077 polypyrrole CHEBI:38101 organonitrogen heterocyclic compound CHEBI:38104 oxacycle CHEBI:38166 organic heteropolycyclic compound CHEBI:38180 polycyclic heteroarene CHEBI:38201 bacteriochlorophyll CHEBI:38206 chlorophyllide CHEBI:38222 hydrocarbyl anion CHEBI:38251 magnesium tetrapyrrole CHEBI:38252 phorbines CHEBI:38263 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid CHEBI:38460 methylindole CHEBI:38496 electron-transport chain inhibitor CHEBI:38497 respiratory-chain inhibitor CHEBI:38669 pyrazolopyrimidine CHEBI:38702 inorganic sodium salt CHEBI:38773 quinolinemonocarboxylate CHEBI:38867 anaesthetic CHEBI:38869 general anaesthetic CHEBI:38870 inhalation anaesthetic CHEBI:38975 methylbenzene CHEBI:38976 alkylbenzene CHEBI:39141 Bronsted acid CHEBI:39142 Bronsted base CHEBI:39143 Lewis acid CHEBI:39144 Lewis base CHEBI:39285 chloropicrin CHEBI:39478 buta-1,3-diene CHEBI:39479 butadiene CHEBI:3992 cyclic ketone CHEBI:41609 carbonate CHEBI:43098 heptane CHEBI:43474 hydrogenphosphate CHEBI:44882 peridinin CHEBI:45696 hydrogensulfate CHEBI:46661 asbestos CHEBI:46662 In general, a mineral is a chemical substance that is normally crystalline formed and has been formed as a result of geological processes. The term also includes metamict substances (naturally occurring, formerly crystalline substances whose crystallinity has been destroyed by ionising radiation) and can include naturally occurring amorphous substances that have never been crystalline ('mineraloids') such as georgite and calciouranoite as well as substances formed by the action of geological processes on bigenic compounds ('biogenic minerals'). mineral Minerale minerales minerals mineraux mineral CHEBI:46663 silicate mineral CHEBI:46721 carbonate salt CHEBI:46787 A liquid that can dissolve other substances (solutes) without any change in their chemical composition. Loesungsmittel solvant solvents solvent CHEBI:46890 silicon hydroxide CHEBI:46923 dioxane CHEBI:46926 dioxanes CHEBI:47032 1,4-dioxane CHEBI:47622 acetate ester CHEBI:47788 3-oxo steroid CHEBI:47867 indicator CHEBI:47882 cyclic polypyrrole CHEBI:47885 dinucleotide CHEBI:47901 alkanesulfonic acid CHEBI:47909 3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid CHEBI:48041 microcystin CHEBI:48107 nitric acid CHEBI:48109 nitrobenzenes CHEBI:48123 silicate ion CHEBI:48154 Schwefeloxide oxides of sulfur sulfur oxides sulfur oxide CHEBI:48218 antiseptic drug CHEBI:48219 disinfectant CHEBI:48354 polar solvent CHEBI:48356 protic solvent CHEBI:48359 protophilic solvent CHEBI:48360 amphiprotic solvent CHEBI:48706 antagonist CHEBI:48730 aluminosilicate mineral CHEBI:49202 elemental platinum CHEBI:49475 argon atom CHEBI:49637 hydrogen atom CHEBI:49828 praseodymium atom CHEBI:49976 zinc dichloride CHEBI:50047 organic amino compound CHEBI:50094 sulfur coordination entity CHEBI:50183 P450 inhibitor CHEBI:50312 onium compound CHEBI:50313 Mononuclear cations derived by addition of a hydron to a mononuclear parent hydride of the pnictogen, chalcogen and halogen families. onium cations onium ion onium ions onium cation CHEBI:50325 proteinogenic amino-acid side-chain group CHEBI:50335 organic nitrogen anion CHEBI:50402 androstanoid CHEBI:50406 probe CHEBI:50584 alkyl alcohol CHEBI:50594 carbon nanotube CHEBI:50795 nanostructure CHEBI:50796 nanotube CHEBI:50812 carbon nanostructure CHEBI:50816 iron oxide CHEBI:50860 Any molecular entity that contains carbon. organic compounds organic entity organic molecular entities organic molecular entity CHEBI:50902 genotoxin CHEBI:50904 allergen CHEBI:50906 A role is particular behaviour which a material entity may exhibit. role CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin CHEBI:50996 tertiary amino compound CHEBI:51082 nitrate salt CHEBI:51084 inorganic nitrate salt CHEBI:51086 A role played by the molecular entity or part thereof within a chemical context. chemical role CHEBI:51129 nitrohydrocarbon CHEBI:51132 nitroarene CHEBI:51143 Nitrogenous compounds nitrogen compounds nitrogen molecular entities nitrogen molecular entity CHEBI:51447 organic univalent group CHEBI:51580 phthalocyanines CHEBI:51584 metallophthalocyanines CHEBI:51585 metallophthalocyanine CHEBI:51688 enal CHEBI:51689 enone CHEBI:51718 alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde CHEBI:51721 alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone CHEBI:5186 fucoxanthin CHEBI:51958 organic polycyclic compound CHEBI:52206 biochemical role CHEBI:52208 biophysical role CHEBI:52209 aetiopathogenetic role CHEBI:52210 pharmacological role CHEBI:52211 physiological role CHEBI:52214 ligand CHEBI:52217 pharmaceutical CHEBI:52625 inorganic hydroxy compound CHEBI:53000 epitope CHEBI:53310 copolymer macromolecule CHEBI:53387 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) CHEBI:53388 poly(hydroxybutyrate) CHEBI:53448 methyl cellulose CHEBI:5686 A cyclic compound having as ring members atoms of at least two different elements. Heterocyclic compound compuesto heterociclico compuestos heterociclicos heterocycle heterocyclic compounds heterocyclic compound CHEBI:58072 carbon monoxide(1+) CHEBI:58416 chlorophyll a(1-) CHEBI:58454 kynurenate CHEBI:58941 cyclic tetrapyrrole anion CHEBI:58950 very long-chain fatty acid anion CHEBI:58953 saturated fatty acid anion CHEBI:58954 straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion CHEBI:59163 biomarker CHEBI:59739 electrophilic reagent CHEBI:59740 nucleophilic reagent CHEBI:59999 A chemical substance is a portion of matter of constant composition, composed of molecular entities of the same type or of different types. Chemische Substanz chemical substance CHEBI:60004 A mixture is a chemical substance composed of multiple molecules, at least two of which are of a different kind. Mischung mixture CHEBI:60027 A polymer is a mixture, which is composed of macromolecules of different kinds and which may be differentiated by composition, length, degree of branching etc.. Polymer Kunststoff polymer CHEBI:60160 polyester polymer CHEBI:60242 An atom or small molecule with a positive charge that does not contain carbon in covalent linkage, with a valency of one. a monovalent cation monovalent inorganic cation CHEBI:60272 aluminium ion CHEBI:60643 NMDA receptor antagonist CHEBI:60798 excitatory amino acid antagonist CHEBI:60926 amino monosaccharide CHEBI:61120 nucleobase-containing molecular entity CHEBI:61292 guanyl nucleotide CHEBI:61293 adenyl nucleotide CHEBI:61295 guanyl ribonucleotide CHEBI:61296 adenyl ribonucleotide CHEBI:62488 signalling molecule CHEBI:62764 reactive nitrogen species CHEBI:63046 emulsifier CHEBI:63062 aluminium cation CHEBI:63248 A substance that removes electrons from another reactant in a redox reaction. oxidant oxidants oxidiser oxidisers oxidising agents oxidizer oxidizers oxidizing agent oxidizing agents oxidising agent CHEBI:63299 carbohydrate derivative CHEBI:63367 monosaccharide derivative CHEBI:63409 pentose derivative CHEBI:63471 branched-chain amino-acid anion CHEBI:64047 food additive CHEBI:64708 one-carbon compound CHEBI:64709 organic acid CHEBI:64712 trivalent inorganic cation CHEBI:64909 Any substance that causes disturbance to organisms by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by the organism. poisonous agent poisonous agents poisonous substance poisonous substances poisons toxic agent toxic agents toxic substance toxic substances poison CHEBI:65212 polysaccharide derivative CHEBI:66933 N-alkylglycine CHEBI:72695 organic molecule CHEBI:72813 exopolysaccharide CHEBI:73113 divinyl chlorophyll a CHEBI:73115 divinyl chlorophyll b CHEBI:75763 eukaryotic metabolite CHEBI:75767 animal metabolite CHEBI:75768 mammalian metabolite CHEBI:75787 prokaryotic metabolite CHEBI:76413 envoPolar greenhouse gas CHEBI:76414 propellant CHEBI:76725 EC 1.* (oxidoreductase) inhibitor CHEBI:76741 EC 1.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen) inhibitor CHEBI:76759 EC 3.* (hydrolase) inhibitor CHEBI:76764 EC 3.5.* (hydrolases acting on non-peptide C-N bonds) inhibitor CHEBI:76807 EC 3.5.1.* (non-peptide linear amide C-N hydrolase) inhibitor CHEBI:76838 EC 1.14.14.* (oxidoreductase acting on paired donors, incorporating of 1 atom of oxygen, with reduced flavin or flavoprotein as one donor) inhibitor CHEBI:76898 EC 1.14.14.1 (unspecific monooxygenase) inhibitor CHEBI:76932 pathway inhibitor CHEBI:76946 fungal metabolite CHEBI:76969 bacterial metabolite CHEBI:77746 human metabolite CHEBI:77941 EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor CHEBI:77971 raising agent CHEBI:77974 food packaging gas CHEBI:78017 food propellant CHEBI:78295 A physiological role played by any substance that is distributed in foodstuffs. It includes materials derived from plants or animals, such as vitamins or minerals, as well as environmental contaminants. dietary component dietary components food components food component CHEBI:78298 environmental contaminant CHEBI:78433 A substance used in a thermodynamic heat pump cycle or refrigeration cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. Refrigerants are used in air-conditioning systems and freezers or refrigerators and are assigned a "R" number (by ASHRAE - formerly the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers), which is determined systematically according to their molecular structure. refrigerants refrigerant CHEBI:78616 Any organooxygen compound that is a polyhydroxy-aldehyde or -ketone, or a compound derived from one. Carbohydrates contain only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen and usually have an empirical formula Cm(H2O)n; carbohydrate derivatives may contain other elements by substitution or condensation. carbohydrates and derivatives carbohydrates and their derivatives carbohydrates and carbohydrate derivatives CHEBI:78840 olefinic compound CHEBI:79387 trivalent inorganic anion CHEBI:79388 Any inorganic anion with a valency of two. divalent inorganic anions divalent inorganic anion CHEBI:79389 monovalent inorganic anion CHEBI:82661 diatomaceous earth CHEBI:83039 crustacean metabolite CHEBI:83056 Daphnia magna metabolite CHEBI:83057 Daphnia metabolite CHEBI:83348 chlorophyllide a(2-) CHEBI:83628 N-acylammonia CHEBI:83811 proteinogenic amino acid derivative CHEBI:83820 non-proteinogenic amino acid CHEBI:83821 amino-acid derivative CHEBI:83925 non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid CHEBI:84055 pentose phosphate CHEBI:88184 metal allergen CHEBI:91007 aromatic carboxylate CHEBI:9171 skatole ENVO:00000000 An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature macroscopic spatial feature This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass. geographic feature A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. ENVO ENVO:00000001 bedding-plane cave ENVO:00000001 A cavity developed along a bedding-plane and elongate in cross-section as a result. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html ENVO:00000002 An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. FTT:78 TGN:50001 man-made feature manmade feature anthropogenic geographic feature An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:00000003 Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. tailing FTT:625 FTT:631 mine tailing Mine tailings are the materials left over after the process of separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction (gangue) of an ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailings tailing ADL:FTT ENVO:00000004 FTT:1242 FTT:1252 FTT:15 FTT:16 FTT:18 FTT:19 FTT:21 FTT:22 FTT:23 FTT:24 FTT:25 FTT:26 FTT:27 FTT:28 FTT:29 FTT:37 SWEETRealm:AdministrativeRegion TGN:80001 TGN:81099 TGN:81123 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_region administrative area administrative division administrative entity boundary region civil area district free trade zone governed place leased area (government) leased zone (government) neutral zone (political) prefecture protectorate sheikdom sultanate trade zone administrative region administrative area ADL:FTT administrative division ADL:FTT administrative division Getty:TGN administrative entity Getty:TGN boundary region ADL:FTT civil area ADL:FTT district ADL:FTT free trade zone ADL:FTT governed place ADL:FTT leased area (government) ADL:FTT leased zone (government) ADL:FTT neutral zone (political) ADL:FTT prefecture ADL:FTT protectorate ADL:FTT sheikdom ADL:FTT sultanate ADL:FTT trade zone ADL:FTT A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. FTT:414 FTT:569 Geonames:A.ADM1 TGN:81100 ENVO countries, 1st order division first level subdivision first-order administrative division ENVO:00000005 first-order administrative region ENVO:00000005 A primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 1st order division ADL:FTT first level subdivision Getty:TGN first-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. FTT:286 FTT:576 Geonames:A.ADM2 TGN:81300 ENVO countries, 2nd order division second level subdivision second-order administrative division ENVO:00000006 second-order administrative region ENVO:00000006 A subdivision of a first-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 2nd order division ADL:FTT second level subdivision Getty:TGN second-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. FTT:204 FTT:205 FTT:578 Geonames:A.ADM3 TGN:82401 ENVO barrio countries, 3rd order division third level subdivision third-order administrative division ENVO:00000007 third-order administrative region ENVO:00000007 A subdivision of a second-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html barrio ADL:FTT countries, 3rd order division ADL:FTT third level subdivision Getty:TGN third-order administrative division Geonames:feature A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. FTT:580 FTT:581 Geonames:A.ADM4 TGN:82402 ENVO countries, 4th order division fourth level subdivision fourth-order administrative division ENVO:00000008 fourth-order administrative region ENVO:00000008 A subdivision of a third-order administrative division. Geonames:http://www.geonames.org/export/codes.html countries, 4th order division ADL:FTT fourth level subdivision Getty:TGN fourth-order administrative division Geonames:feature ENVO:00000009 A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. FTT:424 FTT:566 FTT:567 FTT:571 SWEETRealm:Country SWEETRealm:State TGN:80006 TGN:81010 TGN:81011 TGN:81102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation nation independent nation independent political entity independent sovereign nation country political entity state national geopolitical entity A political association with effective dominion over a geographic area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State nation ADL:FTT independent nation Getty:TGN independent political entity Getty:TGN independent sovereign nation Getty:TGN country ADL:FTT political entity ADL:FTT ENVO:00000010 A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. FTT:83 transport feature A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles. MA:ma An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. FTT:31 FTT:743 Geonames:S.GDN TGN:53010 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden ENVO PARK cropland park ENVO:00000011 garden ENVO:00000011 An enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life. Geonames:feature PARK USGS:SDTS cropland USGS:SDTS park ADL:FTT ENVO:00000012 A geographical feature associated with water. FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:711 FTT:761 FTT:824 FTT:825 FTT:826 FTT:827 FTT:828 FTT:829 Geonames:H.OVF fluvial feature hydrographic feature A geographical feature associated with water. MA:ma fluvial feature ADL:FTT A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. ENVO ENVO:00000013 cave system ENVO:00000013 A collection of caves interconnected by enterable passages or linked hydrologically or a cave with an extensive complex of chambers and passages. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. EcoLexicon:canal FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:H.CNL SWEETRealm:Canal TGN:51252 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal ENVO ENVO:00000014 This class refers to the water contained in a canal channel, and not the channel itself. canal ENVO:00000014 Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. MA:ma ENVO:00000015 A lentic water body which has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and constitutes the majority of an astronomical body's hydrosphere. EcoLexicon:ocean FTT:1019 FTT:943 Geonames:H.OCN LTER:695 SWEETRealm:Ocean TGN:21102 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ocean region As evidence for oceans differing from that of Earth emerge, the label "ocean" may be used for a more general class, with this class being relabelled as "salt-water ocean" or similar. The PURL/PID of this class will remain unchanged. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_oceanography ocean LTER:695 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=695&/oceans ocean region ADL:FTT ENVO:00000016 A lentic water body which is wholly or partly surrounded by land and either connected to or derived from a part of an ocean. EcoLexicon:sea FTT:233 FTT:830 Geonames:H.SEA TGN:21103 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea channel closed sea marginal sea open sea open sound open water sea A lentic water body which is wholly or partly surrounded by land and either connected to or derived from a part of an ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea closed sea USGS:SDTS marginal sea USGS:SDTS open sea USGS:SDTS open sound USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). ENVO ENVO:00000017 saline hydrographic feature ENVO:00000017 A geographical feature associated with water with a halinity above 30 ppt (roughly 35 g/L). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salinity A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. false ENVO ENVO:00000018 obsolete dry river true ENVO:00000018 A river that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma ENVO:00000019 A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSN TGN:21116 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_lake salt lake salina soda lake saline lake A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma salt lake USGS:SDTS salina USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000020 A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. EcoLexicon:lake FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:H.LK Geonames:H.LKS LTER:278 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Lake TGN:21114 TGN:21115 catch basin open water tarn broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake lake A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained in a depression on a landmass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake LTER:278 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=278&/lakes catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000021 A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. SWEETRealm:FreshwaterLake FreshwaterLake freshwater lake A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater FreshwaterLake NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000022 A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. EcoLexicon:river FTT:1179 FTT:251 LTER:474 SPIRE:River SWEETRealm:River TGN:21105 rio braided river "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." river A stream which, through permanent or seasonal flow processes, moves from elevated land towards lower elevations through a definite channel and empties either into a sea, lake, or another river or ends on land as bed seepage and evapotranspiration exceed water supply. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River LTER:474 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=474&/rivers rio ADL:FTT rio USGS:SDTS braided river USGS:SDTS "There are no official definitions for the generic term river as applied to geographic features, although in some countries or communities a stream is defined by its size. Many names for small rivers are specific to geographic location; examples are "run" in some parts of the United States, "burn" in Scotland and northeast England, and "beck" in northern England. Sometimes a river is defined as being larger than a creek, but not always: the language is vague." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River ENVO:00000023 A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. watercourse EcoLexicon:stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:H.STM Geonames:H.STMS LTER:562 SWEETRealm:Stream TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic lode millstream stream bend streamlet Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet stream A watercourse which is linear and flows across the solid portion of a planetary surface. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html watercourse ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS LTER:562 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=562&/streams streams Geonames:feature braided stream USGS:SDTS fork (hydrographic ADL:FTT lode USGS:SDTS stream bend ADL:FTT Creek NASA:earthrealm beck USGS:SDTS brook ADL:FTT brook Getty:TGN burn (hydrographic) ADL:FTT creek ADL:FTT creek Getty:TGN creek USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS A stream whose flow is not continuous. stream FTT:105 FTT:882 Geonames:H.STMI https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_stream intermittent stream ENVO ENVO:00000024 obsolete intermittent stream true ENVO:00000024 A stream whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma stream ADL:FTT intermittent stream Geonames:feature An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. lake EcoLexicon:reservoir FTT:587 FTT:588 FTT:882 Geonames:H.RSV SWEETRealm:Reservoir TGN:51259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir covered reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000025 reservoir ENVO:00000025 An artificial body of water, often contained by a dam, constructed for the purpose of water storage. MA:ma lake USGS:SDTS covered reservoir ADL:FTT ENVO:00000026 A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. EcoLexicon:well FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:H.WLL Geonames:H.WLLS SWEETRealm:Well TGN:51255 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well well A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000027 A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. EcoLexicon:spring FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNG SWEETRealm:Spring TGN:21126 seep Springs are typically where an aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. spring A surface landform which provides an egress for groundwater or steam to flow out of the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification seep USGS:SDTS A quarry from which sand is extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_pit ENVO sand pit ENVO:00000028 sand pit quarry ENVO:00000028 A quarry from which sand is extracted. MA:ma ENVO:00000029 A flowing body of water. EcoLexicon:brook EcoLexicon:course EcoLexicon:culvert EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine EcoLexicon:spillway EcoLexicon:waterway FTT:105 Geonames:H.NRWS Geonames:H.RCH Geonames:H.WTRC Geonames:S.SPLY TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) watercourse A flowing body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercourse culvert USGS:SDTS dredged channel USGS:SDTS fork USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully USGS:SDTS gut Getty:TGN gut USGS:SDTS gutter USGS:SDTS kill USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS narrows Geonames:feature narrows USGS:SDTS overflow channel USGS:SDTS passage Getty:TGN passage USGS:SDTS pup USGS:SDTS race USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS reach Geonames:feature reach Getty:TGN reach USGS:SDTS rill USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS run Getty:TGN run USGS:SDTS runnel USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS seaway USGS:SDTS spillway Geonames:feature spillway USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT tideway USGS:SDTS wash USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS awawa USGS:SDTS barranca USGS:SDTS beck USGS:SDTS branch USGS:SDTS brook USGS:SDTS course USGS:SDTS draw USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS narrows Getty:TGN narrows (hydrographic) ADL:FTT A cave without streams or drips of water. dry cave ENVO ENVO:00000030 dead cave ENVO:00000030 A cave without streams or drips of water. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html ENVO:00000031 A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. EcoLexicon:wadi FTT:157 FTT:158 FTT:159 FTT:160 FTT:161 FTT:163 FTT:164 Geonames:H.WAD Geonames:H.WADB Geonames:H.WADJ Geonames:H.WADS SWEETRealm:Arroyo SWEETRealm:Wash TGN:21167 TGN:21423 TGN:21424 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi wadis wadi bend wadi junction wadi mouth arroyo coulee gully nullah wash The temporality of wadis is problematic in deciding whether they are watercourses or valleys. wadi A valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse. Geonames:feature wadis Geonames:feature wadi bend ADL:FTT wadi bend Geonames:feature wadi junction ADL:FTT wadi mouth ADL:FTT arroyo ADL:FTT coulee ADL:FTT coulee Getty:TGN gully ADL:FTT nullah USGS:SDTS wash ADL:FTT An area of water bordered by land on three sides. EcoLexicon:bay FTT:190 FTT:232 FTT:235 Geonames:H.BAY Geonames:H.BAYS Geonames:H.BGHT SWEETRealm:Bay TGN:21121 TGN:21123 TGN:21127 ENVO bahia embayment firth inlet sea loch sea lough ENVO:00000032 bay ENVO:00000032 An area of water bordered by land on three sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay bahia ADL:FTT inlet USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000033 A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. lake EcoLexicon:pond FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:H.PND Geonames:H.PNDS Geonames:H.POOL LTER:975 SPIRE:Lake_or_pond SWEETRealm:Pond TGN:21104 TGN:21119 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pond Pond pool (water body) POOL millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) pond A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS LTER:975 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=975&/ponds Pond NASA:earthrealm pool (water body) ADL:FTT POOL Getty:TGN millpond ADL:FTT millpond USGS:SDTS pond ADL:FTT pond Geonames:feature ponds Geonames:feature pool Geonames:feature pool USGS:SDTS pool (water body) USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000034 An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. EcoLexicon:rapids FTT:212 Geonames:H.RPDS SWEETRealm:Torrent TGN:21162 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapids cataract torrent rapids An area of broken, fast flowing water in a stream, where the slope of the bed increases (but without a prominent break of slope which might result in a waterfall), or where a gently dipping bar of harder rock outcrops. USGS:SDTS cataract USGS:SDTS torrent USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000035 A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). wetland EcoLexicon:marsh FTT:1118 FTT:185 FTT:945 Geonames:H.MRSH LTER:326 SPIRE:Marsh SWEETRealm:Marsh TGN:21322 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh Marsh marsh quagmire marsh A wetland ecosystem which includes communities of grasses, rushes, reeds, typhas, sedges, and other herbaceous plants (possibly with low-growing woody plants). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Marsh NASA:earthrealm marsh Geonames:feature quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. canal FTT:129 FTT:405 Geonames:H.CNLI ENVO ENVO:00000036 irrigation canal ENVO:00000036 Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used irrigation. MA:ma canal Geonames:feature A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. EcoLexicon:drain FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geonames:DTCH SWEETRealm:Drain TGN:51256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditch ENVO ENVO:00000037 ditch ENVO:00000037 A small, human-made channel which has been dug for draining or irrigating the land. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000038 A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. EcoLexicon:lagoon FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:H.LGN Geonames:H.LGNS SWEETRealm:Lagoon TGN:21125 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagoon lagoons laguna barrier lagoon lagoon A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. USGS:SDTS lagoons Geonames:feature laguna ADL:FTT laguna USGS:SDTS barrier lagoon USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000039 A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. EcoLexicon:fiord FTT:231 FTT:690 FTT:704 Geonames:H.FJD Geonames:H.FJDS SWEETRealm:Fiord SWEETRealm:Fjord TGN:21122 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord fjord A long and narrow sea inlet with high steeply sloped walled sides. A fjord is a landform created during a period of glaciation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord ENVO:00000040 A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. EcoLexicon:force EcoLexicon:waterfall FTT:435 FTT:436 FTT:439 FTT:680 Geonames:H.FLLS TGN:21161 TGN:21166 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall WATERFALL force linn waterfalls cascade cataract fall falls Should this be a hydroform? waterfall A sudden descent of water over a step or ledge in the bed of a river. USGS:SDTS WATERFALL USGS:SDTS waterfalls Geonames:feature cascade ADL:FTT cascade USGS:SDTS cataract ADL:FTT cataract Getty:TGN fall ADL:FTT falls USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000041 A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. stream FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:H.CRKT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek tidal creek A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_creek stream ADL:FTT Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. canal FTT:129 FTT:401 Geonames:H.CNLD ENVO ENVO:00000042 drainage canal ENVO:00000042 Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used drainage. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT ENVO:00000043 An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. WetlandRegion wetland area An vegetated area which overlaps a wetland ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000044 A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. wetland EcoLexicon:peat_bog FTT:1061 FTT:185 FTT:281 FTT:983 Geonames:H.BOG LTER:402 LTER:70 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Peatland TGN:21304 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland Peatland bog mire morass muskeg peat bog peatland A wetland ecosystem which accumulates acidic peat, a deposit of dead plant material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Peatland NASA:earthrealm bog ADL:FTT bog Geonames:feature bog USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS peat bog USGS:SDTS 1 ENVO:00000045 A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. mouth EcoLexicon:estuary FTT:234 Geonames:H.ESTY LTER:182 SWEETRealm:Estuary TGN:21152 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary inlet estuary A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary mouth USGS:SDTS LTER:182 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=182&/estuaries inlet USGS:SDTS A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge HEDGE hedgerow ENVO shelter belt ENVO:00000046 hedge ENVO:00000046 A dense growth of shrubbery planted as a fence or boundary. USGS:SDTS HEDGE USGS:SDTS hedgerow USGS:SDTS shelter belt USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000047 ENVO:01001240 ENVO_01001239 obsolete canopy true Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. EcoLexicon:navigation_channel FTT:409 FTT:467 Geonames:H.CHNN Geonames:H.CNLN TGN:51257 navigation canal ENVO navigation channel ship cannal ENVO:00000048 navigation canal ENVO:00000048 Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used navigation. MA:ma navigation canal ADL:FTT navigation channel ADL:FTT ship cannal USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000052 ENVO:00000215 ENVO:00000407 ENVO:01000265 ENVO ENVO:00000049 obsolete volcanic hydrographic feature true ENVO:00000049 ENVO:00000050 A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. thermal feature EcoLexicon:geyser FTT:755 Geonames:H.GYSR TGN:21171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser geyser A hot spring that erupts periodically, ejecting a column of hot water and steam into the air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser thermal feature ADL:FTT ENVO:00000051 A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. spring EcoLexicon:thermal_spring FTT:732 FTT:815 Geonames:H.SPNT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring hotspring thermal spring hot spring A spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_spring spring USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000052 A lake contained within a volcanic crater. FTT:384 FTT:590 Geonames:H.LKC Geonames:H.LKSC TGN:21138 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake volcanic crater lake A lake contained within a volcanic crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake ENVO:00000053 A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater marsh A marsh in which soils are saturated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma ENVO:00000054 A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. wetland EcoLexicon:salt_marsh FTT:1190 FTT:185 Geonames:H.MRSHN LTER:482 TGN:21323 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_marsh salt marsh salting salt marsh tidal marsh It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline marsh A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts. MA:ma wetland ADL:FTT salt marsh USGS:SDTS salting USGS:SDTS salt marsh Geonames:feature tidal marsh USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000055 A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. lake FTT:221 FTT:906 FTT:908 Geonames:H.MFGN Geonames:H.PNDN Geonames:H.PNDSN https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_pond salt evaporation pond salt pond salt ponds saltern In such ponds, water is drawn out of seawater through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested. saline evaporation pond A pond which is 1) shallow, 2) man-made, and 3) designed to produce salt from seawater through evaporation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_evaporation_ponds lake ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond ADL:FTT salt evaporation pond Geonames:feature salt pond ADL:FTT salt pond Geonames:feature salt ponds Geonames:feature A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. FTT:221 FTT:696 FTT:701 Geonames:H.PNDSF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishpond ENVO ENVO:00000056 fishpond ENVO:00000056 A pond or lake used for the artificial culture of fish. MA:ma ENVO:00000057 A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. woodland EcoLexicon:mangrove_swamp FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:H.MGV https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove_swamp mangal MangroveForest Mangrove swamp ecosystems comprise communities of mangrove plants (Rhizophoraceae). Mangrove plants are able to withstand high levels of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. Mangrove swamps often occur near tropical and sub-tropical estuaries and depositional marine coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. mangrove swamp A swamp which is located in tropical or subtropical environments and is determined by communities of trees and shrubs growing saline coastal environments. MA:ma woodland USGS:SDTS MangroveForest NASA:earthrealm A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. FTT:445 FTT:449 Geonames:H.LKSB TGN:21188 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lake ENVO ENVO:00000058 underground lake ENVO:00000058 A lake which is formed under the surface of the Earth. Such a lake may be associated with caves and aquifers and springs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A river that is under the surface of the Earth. TGN:21187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_river ENVO ENVO:00000059 underground river ENVO:00000059 A river that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00000060 underground stream ENVO:00000060 A stream that is under the surface of the Earth. MA:ma A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. ENVO ENVO:00000061 This class should probably be replaced with a quality-like entity "underground" which can then be distributed to the subclasses, solving the double inheritance. underground water body ENVO:00000061 A geographical feature associated with water that is under the surface of the earth. MA:ma ENVO:00000062 Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. place FTT:1097 FTT:33 Geonames:P.PPL Geonames:P.PPLS TGN:22201 TGN:83002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populated_place populated places settlement inhabited region populated locality populated place QCR: 'location of' min 1 building Place or area with clustered or scattered buildings and a permanent human population. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html place USGS:SDTS populated places Geonames:feature settlement USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000063 An accumulation of water of varying size. hydrographic feature EcoLexicon:waterbody FTT:131 FTT:280 FTT:827 SWEETRealm:BodyOfWater TGN:21100 TGN:21101 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_body aquatic feature bodies of water body of water waterbody The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be still or contained; Rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are also considered bodies of water. water body An accumulation of water of varying size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_of_water hydrographic feature ADL:FTT bodies of water Getty:TGN body of water ADL:FTT body of water Getty:TGN ENVO:00000064 An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. EcoLexicon:road FTT:1058 FTT:1183 FTT:1185 FTT:1187 FTT:431 FTT:443 FTT:646 FTT:798 FTT:884 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RD Geonames:R.ST LTER:475 SWEETRealm:Highway TGN:53151 TGN:53153 TGN:53154 TGN:53157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road board walk caravan route causeway drive highway intersection parkway road bend road junction traffic circle accessway alley avenue boulevard cart track drove farm lane freeway lane roadway street thorofare thoroughfare thruway turnpike road An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land. USGS:SDTS board walk USGS:SDTS caravan route ADL:FTT causeway ADL:FTT drive ADL:FTT highway ADL:FTT highway Getty:TGN highway USGS:SDTS intersection ADL:FTT parkway ADL:FTT parkway Getty:TGN road bend ADL:FTT road junction ADL:FTT traffic circle ADL:FTT accessway USGS:SDTS alley USGS:SDTS avenue USGS:SDTS boulevard USGS:SDTS cart track USGS:SDTS drove ADL:FTT farm lane USGS:SDTS freeway USGS:SDTS roadway ADL:FTT street ADL:FTT street Geonames:feature street Getty:TGN street USGS:SDTS thorofare USGS:SDTS thoroughfare USGS:SDTS thruway USGS:SDTS turnpike USGS:SDTS A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. railroad feature FTT:1132 FTT:960 Geonames:R Geonames:R.RR TGN:53155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway RAILWAY railroad ENVO ENVO:00000065 railway ENVO:00000065 A permanent way having one or more rails which provides a track for cars. USGS:SDTS railroad feature ADL:FTT RAILWAY USGS:SDTS railroad Geonames:feature railroad Getty:TGN railroad USGS:SDTS A tunnel constructed by human means. tunnel tunnels FTT:1136 FTT:1184 FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:R.TNL Geonames:R.TNLRD Geonames:R.TNLRR Geonames:R.TNLS TGN:51845 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel canal tunnel railroad tunnel road tunnel underpass ENVO ENVO:00000066 man-made tunnel ENVO:00000066 A tunnel constructed by human means. MA:ma tunnel ADL:FTT tunnel Geonames:feature tunnels Geonames:feature canal tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel ADL:FTT railroad tunnel Geonames:feature road tunnel ADL:FTT road tunnel Geonames:feature underpass USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000067 Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. FTT:1071 FTT:443 FTT:445 FTT:446 FTT:447 Geonames:S.CAVE SWEETRealm:Cave TGN:21485 TGN:21486 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave cavern grotto notch cave Naturally formed, subterranean open area or chamber. USGS:SDTS cavern ADL:FTT cavern USGS:SDTS grotto USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000068 An underground or underwater passage. FTT:445 FTT:448 Geonames:R.TNLN SWEETRealm:Tunnel TGN:21447 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel TUNNEL cave natural tunnel tunnel An underground or underwater passage. USGS:SDTS TUNNEL USGS:SDTS cave ADL:FTT natural tunnel Geonames:feature natural tunnel Getty:TGN A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. stream watercourse FTT:636 Geonames:H.STMD https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream distributary ENVO ENVO:00000069 distributary ENVO:00000069 A stream that branches off and flows away from a main stream channel. They are a common feature of river deltas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS stream distributary Getty:TGN ENVO:00000070 A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. "constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference constructed feature Some human constructions (such as the extra-planetary probes built for the Voyager missions) exist outside of Earth's (or any other astrononomical body's) technosphere, and are thus not astronomical body parts. Assertions regarding whether a construction is part of the technosphere of an astronomical body (e.g. Earth) should be made at the instance level, if needed / useful for the application case. human construction A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort. MA:ma A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. ENVO ENVO:00000071 fault cave ENVO:00000071 A cave developed along a fault or fault zone, either by movement of the fault or by preferential solution along it. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. FTT:128 Geonames:H.CNLA SWEETRealm:Aqueduct TGN:51258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaduct aqueduct ENVO WATERCOURSE BRIDGE ENVO:00000072 aquaduct ENVO:00000072 Structure designed to transport water from a remote source, usually by gravity. ADL:FTT aqueduct Geonames:feature aqueduct Getty:TGN aqueduct USGS:SDTS WATERCOURSE BRIDGE USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000073 A permanent walled and roofed construction. FTT:42 Geonames:S.BLDG LTER:76 TGN:51011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building building A permanent walled and roofed construction. USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000074 A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. EcoLexicon:dam FTT:599 FTT:600 Geonames:S.DAM SWEETRealm:Dam TGN:51253 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam barrage dam site dam A barrier constructed across a watercourse to control the flow or raise the level of water. USGS:SDTS barrage USGS:SDTS dam site ADL:FTT A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. EcoLexicon:bridge FTT:297 Geonames:S.BDG TGN:51841 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge covered bridge footbridge overpass ENVO ENVO:00000075 bridge ENVO:00000075 A built structure erected over a depression or obstacle to carry traffic or some facility such as a pipeline. USGS:SDTS covered bridge USGS:SDTS footbridge USGS:SDTS overpass USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000076 An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. EcoLexicon:mine FTT:14 FTT:968 Geonames:L.MNA Geonames:S.MN TGN:54211 TGN:54212 mine An excavation in the Earth for the purpose of extracting earth materials. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine ENVO:00000077 An ecosystem which either 1) has its functions and composition determined by agricultural processes or entities or 2) is formed as the result of an agricultural land conversion process. FTT:1246 FTT:1247 FTT:44 FTT:45 FTT:46 FTT:48 FTT:50 FTT:51 FTT:52 FTT:57 FTT:60 FTT:62 FTT:63 FTT:64 FTT:72 FTT:74 Geonames:L.AGRC Geonames:L.RESA Geonames:S.NSY TGN:55001 barn cattle dipping tank corral dairy feedlot grange grazing allotment irrigated field nursery pastoral site sheepfold stockyard AgriculturalLands agricultural colony agricultural facility agricultural land agricultural reserve agricultural site As with other classes that are "features", the subclasses of this class are being moved to more informative locations. Their relation to agriculture will be modelled by something more akin to a quality or relation to an agricultural process. agricultural ecosystem barn ADL:FTT cattle dipping tank ADL:FTT corral ADL:FTT dairy ADL:FTT feedlot ADL:FTT grange ADL:FTT grazing allotment ADL:FTT irrigated field ADL:FTT nursery ADL:FTT nursery Geonames:feature pastoral site ADL:FTT sheepfold ADL:FTT stockyard ADL:FTT AgriculturalLands NASA:earthrealm agricultural colony Geonames:feature agricultural facility ADL:FTT agricultural land Getty:TGN agricultural reserve ADL:FTT agricultural reserve Geonames:feature agricultural site ADL:FTT ENVO:00000078 An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.FRM Geonames:S.FRMS Geonames:S.RNCH TGN:54011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm FARM farm farms farmstead ranch farm An area of land which is used for the cultivation of crops or grazing of livestock, including any agricultural constructions therein. USGS:SDTS agricultural site ADL:FTT FARM USGS:SDTS farm Geonames:feature farms Geonames:feature farmstead ADL:FTT ranch Geonames:feature ranch Getty:TGN ranch USGS:SDTS An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. watercourse EcoLexicon:flume FTT:129 FTT:404 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume flume (manmade) ENVO canal ENVO:00000079 flume ENVO:00000079 An open artificial water channel, that leads water from a diversion dam or weir completely aside a natural flow, often an elevated box structure (typically wood) that follows the natural contours of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flume watercourse USGS:SDTS flume (manmade) ADL:FTT canal ADL:FTT 2 ENVO:00000080 A range of mounts which is dominated by mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_range FTT:548 FTT:995 FTT:997 Geonames:MTS SWEETRealm:MountainRange TGN:21431 TGN:21432 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range cordillera mountain chain mountain group sierra mountain range cordillera ADL:FTT sierra ADL:FTT ENVO:00000081 A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. EcoLexicon:mountain FTT:1000 FTT:118 FTT:460 FTT:548 FTT:713 FTT:896 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MT Geonames:T.MTS SWEETRealm:Mountain TGN:21430 TGN:21434 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain Mountain mountains A mountain is generally steeper than a hill, but there is no universally accepted standard definition for the height of a mountain or a hill although a mountain usually has an identifiable summit. The USGS had previously defined mountains as localised elevations of more than 300 meters; however, the organisation has accepted there are no technical definitions in the US. In ENVO, we primarily use the UNEP-WCMC classification to be compliant with SDG monitoring, but we can host other classifications on request: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-development-goals/indicators/1542/en/ mountain A landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain#United_Kingdom https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-difference-between-mountain-hill-and-peak-lake-and-pond-or-river-and-creek Mountain NASA:earthrealm mountains Geonames:feature 2 ENVO:00000082 A range of mounts which is dominated by hills. hill range A range of mounts which is dominated by hills. MA:ma ENVO:00000083 A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. EcoLexicon:hill FTT:118 FTT:468 FTT:713 FTT:799 FTT:896 Geonames:T.HLL Geonames:T.HLLS SWEETRealm:Hill TGN:21437 TGN:21438 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill cerro foothill hill hillock hills knoll mount mountain hill A rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m. Geonames:feature foothill ADL:FTT foothill USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hillock USGS:SDTS hills Geonames:feature knoll USGS:SDTS mount USGS:SDTS mountain ADL:FTT ENVO:00000084 A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. EcoLexicon:mountain_pass FTT:510 FTT:612 FTT:738 FTT:739 FTT:740 Geonames:T.GAP Geonames:T.PASS Geonames:T.SDL SWEETRealm:Pass TGN:21433 TGN:21436 TGN:21524 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass col defile gap notch pass saddle saddle (physiographic) sill (physiographic) mountain pass A lower point that allows easier access through a mountain range. A pass has the general form of a saddle between two mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_pass pass Geonames:feature col ADL:FTT col USGS:SDTS defile ADL:FTT defile USGS:SDTS gap Getty:TGN gap USGS:SDTS notch USGS:SDTS pass ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature saddle Getty:TGN saddle USGS:SDTS saddle (physiographic) ADL:FTT sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000085 A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. We need to added classes such as "valley site" in order to fully axiomatize this class http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 alpine glacier A glacier contained in the site of a mountain valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_glacier https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier#Types https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html ENVO:00000086 A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. EcoLexicon:plain FTT:707 FTT:874 FTT:926 Geonames:T.PLN SWEETRealm:Plain TGN:21461 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain interfluve llanos outwash plain plain A region of general uniform slope, comparatively level, and of considerable extent. USGS:SDTS interfluve ADL:FTT llanos ADL:FTT outwash plain USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000087 A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. EcoLexicon:cliff FTT:268 FTT:269 FTT:491 FTT:492 Geonames:T.CLF SWEETRealm:Cliff TGN:21487 TGN:21488 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff beach scarp bluff ceja ice cliff palisade precipice scar scarp scaw scraps cliff A slope which is part of a rocky elevation and which has a high degree of steepness. USGS:SDTS beach scarp USGS:SDTS bluff ADL:FTT bluff USGS:SDTS ceja USGS:SDTS ice cliff USGS:SDTS palisade USGS:SDTS precipice USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS scarp USGS:SDTS scaw USGS:SDTS scraps ADL:FTT ENVO:00000088 A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cliff coastal cliff marine cliff sea cliff A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean. MA:ma marine cliff USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000089 A cliff which is not adjacent to a major water body. EcoLexicon:crag FTT:589 crag inland cliff crag ADL:FTT crag USGS:SDTS An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. EcoLexicon:coastal_plain EcoLexicon:coastal_zone FTT:240 FTT:499 FTT:500 FTT:501 FTT:502 FTT:503 FTT:504 SWEETRealm:CoastalPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain ENVO ENVO:00000090 coastal plain ENVO:00000090 An area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a coast and separated from the interior by other features. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_plain ENVO:00000091 A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. EcoLexicon:beach EcoLexicon:to_beach FTT:237 FTT:239 Geonames:T.BCH Geonames:T.BCHS SWEETRealm:Beach TGN:21482 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach beach berm lagoon beach beach beaches foreshore flats rivage strand beach A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach Beach NASA:earthrealm beach berm USGS:SDTS lagoon beach USGS:SDTS beach Geonames:feature beaches Geonames:feature foreshore flats USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS strand ADL:FTT strand USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000092 A beach which is part of a sea shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand strand sea beach A beach which is part of a sea shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach ENVO:00000093 A beach which is part of a lake shore. lacustrine beach A beach which is part of a lake shore. MA:ma ENVO:00000094 A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. FTT:591 TGN:21407 volcanic landform volcanic feature A part of an astronomical body associated with a volcano - an opening, or rupture, in that body's surface or crust - which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcanic landform Getty:TGN A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. ENVO:01000437 EcoLexicon:lava_flow FTT:916 FTT:917 Geonames:T.LAVA TGN:21612 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava area ENVO lava flow lava plain ENVO:00000095 obsolete lava field true ENVO:00000095 A feature formed by cooled lava, the molten rock that is expelled by a volcano during an eruption. MA:ma lava area ADL:FTT lava area Geonames:feature lava flow Getty:TGN ENVO:00000096 A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. FTT:384 Geonames:T.CLDA TGN:21409 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera crater caldera A feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldera crater USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000097 A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. EcoLexicon:desert FTT:1 FTT:188 Geonames:T.DSRT LTER:147 SWEETRealm:Desert TGN:21201 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert arid region desert area A region rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall. USGS:SDTS arid region ADL:FTT ENVO:00000098 Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. EcoLexicon:island FTT:147 FTT:450 FTT:886 FTT:887 FTT:888 FTT:889 Geonames:T.ISL Geonames:T.ISLS SWEETRealm:Island TGN:21468 TGN:21469 TGN:21471 TGN:21475 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island eyot holm hummock isle islet island Area of dry or relatively dry land surrounded by water or low wetland. USGS:SDTS hummock USGS:SDTS isle ADL:FTT islet ADL:FTT islet Getty:TGN islet USGS:SDTS An island constructed by human effort. FTT:1023 FTT:171 Geonames:T.ISLF https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_island ENVO offshore platform ENVO:00000099 artificial island ENVO:00000099 An island constructed by human effort. MA:ma offshore platform ADL:FTT ENVO:00000100 A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. EcoLexicon:valley FTT:158 FTT:166 FTT:418 FTT:761 FTT:811 FTT:949 Geonames:T.GRGE Geonames:T.VAL Geonames:T.VALS SWEETRealm:Valley TGN:21425 TGN:21451 TGN:21452 TGN:21453 chasm coulee dale glacial gorge glacial trough gulch gully median valley shelf valley glen goe gorge graben hollow lavaka moat ravine re-entrant seachannel strath trench vale water gap Valleys are typically located between hills our mountains. valley A depression which has been formed as a result of erosion by water or ice and which is low-lying, bordered by higher ground, and especially elongate. ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley chasm USGS:SDTS coulee USGS:SDTS dale USGS:SDTS glacial gorge USGS:SDTS glacial trough USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully Getty:TGN gully USGS:SDTS median valley ADL:FTT median valley Geonames:feature shelf valley Geonames:feature glen ADL:FTT glen USGS:SDTS goe USGS:SDTS gorge Geonames:feature gorge USGS:SDTS graben USGS:SDTS hollow ADL:FTT hollow Getty:TGN hollow USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS re-entrant USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS strath USGS:SDTS trench USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000101 A landform which is composed of a tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river, where the deposition of some of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. EcoLexicon:delta FTT:97 Geonames:T.DLTA SWEETRealm:Delta TGN:21164 TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta alluvial fan bay delta canyon delta fan fan delta outwash outwash plain pass (delta) delta A landform which is composed of a tract of alluvium formed at the mouth of a river, where the deposition of some of its load exceeds its rate of removal, crossed by the divergent channels (distributaries) of the river. USGS:SDTS alluvial fan USGS:SDTS bay delta USGS:SDTS canyon delta USGS:SDTS fan USGS:SDTS fan delta USGS:SDTS outwash USGS:SDTS outwash plain USGS:SDTS pass (delta) Getty:TGN ENVO:00000102 A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is used to demarcate the interior from the exterior of a cave. FTT:444 Cueva de Altamira cave exit The term "cave entrance" is typically used when ingress or entry to the cave is desired. The same fiat bondary can serve as a cave exit, although that may be less feasible due to the shape or other physical properties of the cave. cave entrance ENVO:00000103 An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:T.ISLM mangrove island An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove ENVO:00000104 A hydrographic feature which is located below the surface of a marine water body. EcoLexicon:fan EcoLexicon:platform EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:1020 FTT:1137 FTT:1176 FTT:1193 FTT:1194 FTT:1195 FTT:1196 FTT:5 FTT:810 FTT:984 Geonames:FRKU Geonames:FRSU Geonames:MDVU Geonames:PLFU Geonames:RAVU Geonames:RMPU Geonames:U.BSNU Geonames:U.EDGU Geonames:U.ESCU Geonames:U.FANU Geonames:U.FLTU Geonames:U.FURU Geonames:U.GAPU Geonames:U.GLYU Geonames:U.HOLU Geonames:U.LDGU Geonames:U.LEVU Geonames:U.PLNU Geonames:U.PLTU Geonames:U.PNLU Geonames:U.PRVU Geonames:U.RDGU Geonames:U.RDSU Geonames:U.RISU Geonames:U.SDLU Geonames:U.SHVU Geonames:U.SILU Geonames:U.SPRU Geonames:U.TERU Geonames:U.VALU Geonames:U.VLSU TGN:23001 TGN:23116 TGN:23117 TGN:23118 TGN:23135 TGN:23162 TGN:23181 TGN:23182 TGN:23183 TGN:23184 TGN:23188 TGN:23192 TGN:23193 TGN:23194 TGN:23195 TGN:23196 TGN:23211 TGN:23212 TGN:23301 TGN:23411 TGN:23412 TGN:23413 TGN:23415 TGN:23421 TGN:23423 TGN:23424 TGN:23431 TGN:23453 TGN:23461 TGN:23463 TGN:23467 TGN:23550 basin escarpment fan flat fork forks furrow gap gully hole hole (seafloor) ledge levee median valley moat (seafloor) pinnacle plain plateau platform province ramp ramp (seafloor) ravine ridge ridges rise rise (seafloor) saddle shelf edge undersea bank undersea basin undersea bench undersea cliff undersea fan undersea fork undersea fracture zone undersea furrow undersea gap undersea hole undersea ledge undersea levee undersea median valley undersea moat undersea peak undersea pinnacle undersea plain undersea platform undersea ramp undersea rise undersea saddle undersea shelf undersea shelf edge undersea shelf valley undersea sill undersea slope undersea spur undersea terrace undersea tongue undersea valley ocean floor feature seafloor feature sill spur subsea feature terrace tongue (seafloor) underwater feature valley valleys undersea feature basin Geonames:feature escarpment Geonames:feature fan Geonames:feature flat Geonames:feature fork Geonames:feature forks Geonames:feature furrow Geonames:feature gap Geonames:feature gully Geonames:feature hole Geonames:feature hole (seafloor) ADL:FTT ledge Geonames:feature levee Geonames:feature median valley Geonames:feature moat (seafloor) ADL:FTT pinnacle Geonames:feature plain Geonames:feature plateau Geonames:feature platform Geonames:feature province Geonames:feature ramp Geonames:feature ramp (seafloor) ADL:FTT ravine Geonames:feature ridge Geonames:feature ridges Geonames:feature rise Geonames:feature rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT saddle Geonames:feature shelf edge Geonames:feature undersea bank Getty:TGN undersea basin Getty:TGN undersea bench Getty:TGN undersea cliff Getty:TGN undersea fan Getty:TGN undersea fork Getty:TGN undersea fracture zone Getty:TGN undersea furrow Getty:TGN undersea gap Getty:TGN undersea hole Getty:TGN undersea ledge Getty:TGN undersea levee Getty:TGN undersea median valley Getty:TGN undersea moat Getty:TGN undersea peak Getty:TGN undersea pinnacle Getty:TGN undersea plain Getty:TGN undersea platform Getty:TGN undersea ramp Getty:TGN undersea rise Getty:TGN undersea saddle Getty:TGN undersea shelf Getty:TGN undersea shelf edge Getty:TGN undersea shelf valley Getty:TGN undersea sill Getty:TGN undersea slope Getty:TGN undersea spur Getty:TGN undersea terrace Getty:TGN undersea tongue Getty:TGN undersea valley Getty:TGN ocean floor feature ADL:FTT seafloor feature ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature spur Geonames:feature subsea feature ADL:FTT terrace Geonames:feature tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT underwater feature ADL:FTT valley Geonames:feature valleys Geonames:feature ENVO:00000105 lake surface ENVO:00000106 An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. grazing area herbaceous area grassland area An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000107 An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. FTT:1191 FTT:792 Geonames:V.HTH SPIRE:Heath TGN:21609 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath wetland heath An upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather. Geonames:feature wetland USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000108 A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. FTT:259 FTT:767 Geonames:V.MDW LTER:330 TGN:21613 meadow hay meadow Typically, meadows have higher botanical biodiversity than other grasslands. meadow ecosystem A grassland ecosystem which contains a variety of annual, biennial and perennial plants growing on rolling or flat terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meadow meadow Geonames:feature hay meadow USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000109 Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. FTT:1083 FTT:505 FTT:506 FTT:719 FTT:774 Geonames:V.GRVPN LTER:503 SWEETRealm:Break SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21631 TGN:21632 TGN:21641 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland brigalow pine grove caatinga chanaral coniferous forest copse deciduous forest equatorial forest equatorial rain forest garique grove jungle mallee scrub monsoon forest moor mott motte mulga mulga scrub rain forest reforested area sagebrush scrub shrub silva stand taiga thicket thorn forest wood wooded area woodland area Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both. USGS:SDTS brigalow USGS:SDTS pine grove Geonames:feature caatinga USGS:SDTS chanaral USGS:SDTS coniferous forest USGS:SDTS copse USGS:SDTS deciduous forest USGS:SDTS equatorial forest USGS:SDTS equatorial rain forest USGS:SDTS garique USGS:SDTS grove ADL:FTT grove USGS:SDTS jungle Getty:TGN jungle USGS:SDTS mallee scrub USGS:SDTS monsoon forest USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS motte USGS:SDTS mulga USGS:SDTS mulga scrub USGS:SDTS rain forest ADL:FTT rain forest Getty:TGN reforested area USGS:SDTS sagebrush USGS:SDTS scrub USGS:SDTS shrub USGS:SDTS silva USGS:SDTS stand USGS:SDTS taiga USGS:SDTS thicket USGS:SDTS thorn forest USGS:SDTS wood Getty:TGN wooded area USGS:SDTS A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. lava tube ENVO ENVO:00000110 These are usually classified as a sub-type of volcanic cave, rather than a tunnel. lava tunnel ENVO:00000110 A tunnel formed by the flow of molten lava, which has subsequently drained out. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_tube ENVO:00000111 An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. EcoLexicon:forest FTT:258 FTT:506 FTT:715 FTT:717 Geonames:V.FRST LTER:2 SWEETRealm:Forest TGN:21641 TGN:21642 TGN:21645 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest wood The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forested area An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest forest Geonames:feature wood Getty:TGN ENVO:00000112 A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. EcoLexicon:tundra FTT:151 FTT:152 Geonames:V.TUND LTER:605 TGN:21611 Arctic land TundraEcosystem area of tundra A vegetated area which is part of a tundra ecosystem. Arctic land ADL:FTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra TundraEcosystem NASA:earthrealm A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. ENVO:01000311 EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden ENVO:00000113 obsolete cultivated habitat true ENVO:00000113 A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area ADL:FTT cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated area USGS:SDTS cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000114 A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. agricultural site EcoLexicon:field FTT:45 FTT:61 Geonames:L.FLD SWEETRealm:Field TGN:21456 cropland grassland agricultural field A field which is located on land and used for agricultural purposes, such as the grazing of livestock or the cultivation of crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28agriculture%29 agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS grassland USGS:SDTS An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. agricultural site cropland EcoLexicon:orchard FTT:45 FTT:66 Geonames:V.OCH TGN:54014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard ENVO ENVO:00000115 orchard ENVO:00000115 An intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food, typically fruit, production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchard agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. agricultural site cropland FTT:45 FTT:77 Geonames:V.VIN Geonames:V.VINS TGN:54015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyard vineyards ENVO ENVO:00000116 vineyard ENVO:00000116 A place where grapes are grown for making wine, raisins or table grapes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vineyard agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS vineyards Geonames:feature ENVO:00000117 An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. FTT:45 FTT:68 TGN:54041 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation agricultural site cropland plantation field plantation An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS plantation field USGS:SDTS FTT:505 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVC ENVO coconut grove wood ENVO:00000118 coconut plantation ENVO:00000118 coconut grove ADL:FTT coconut grove Geonames:feature wood ADL:FTT ENVO:00000119 A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. planted forest A forest that has been intentionally established by human intervention. MA:ma agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:65 Geonames:S.ESTO Geonames:V.GRVP ENVO palm grove ENVO:00000120 oil palm plantation ENVO:00000120 agricultural site ADL:FTT palm grove Geonames:feature ENVO:00000121 A channel of a watercource which has been constructed by humans or their technologies. EcoLexicon:artificial_channel flume improved channel artificial channel improved channel USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000122 A small road, generally not paved. EcoLexicon:path EcoLexicon:trail FTT:1057 Geonames:R.TRL SWEETRealm:Path TGN:53158 footpath path trail track A small road, generally not paved. MA:ma footpath USGS:SDTS path USGS:SDTS trail ADL:FTT trail Geonames:feature trail Getty:TGN trail USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000123 A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. FTT:1093 Geonames:A.PCL TGN:80002 political entity political entity A geographical region whose affairs and population are administered by an authority. MA:ma political entity Geonames:feature ENVO:00000124 A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. supranational geopolitical entity A political entitity established by more than one state and with at least some influence over the affairs of its member states. MA:ma ENVO:00000125 A spring which water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. spring spring (hydrographic) FTT:981 FTT:982 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_spring mineral spring A spring which water contains a significant amount of dissolved minerals, that derive from the rocks through which the water flows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_spring spring USGS:SDTS spring (hydrographic) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000126 A spring through which water with elevated levels of dissolved derivatives of sulfur flows. spring (hydrographic) FTT:1215 FTT:982 Geonames:H.SPNS sulphur spring sulfur spring A spring through which water with elevated levels of dissolved derivatives of sulfur flows. MA:ma spring (hydrographic) ADL:FTT sulphur spring Geonames:feature ENVO:00000127 An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. barren land FTT:186 FTT:187 Geonames:T.BDLD TGN:21205 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands badlands badland An arid terrain with clay-rich soil that has been extensively eroded by wind and water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badland barren land ADL:FTT badlands Geonames:feature ENVO:00000128 A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley Typically found in either Karst (limestone) or chalk terrain. dry valley A valley which no longer has water flowing or accumulating over its surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_valley A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. EcoLexicon:gully EcoLexicon:ravine FTT:159 FTT:420 Geonames:H.RVN TGN:21427 ENVO gullie ravine ENVO:00000129 stream valley ENVO:00000129 A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream. MA:ma ravine Geonames:feature ravine USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000130 A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. EcoLexicon:reef FTT:202 FTT:203 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RF Geonames:U.RFSU Geonames:U.RFU SPIRE:Reef TGN:21479 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reef REEF atoll reef bank reef barrier reef fringing reef shore reef submerged reef ledge reef reef flat reefs rocky reef A ridge of rocks, lying near the surface of the sea, which may be visible at low tide, but is usually covered by water. USGS:SDTS REEF USGS:SDTS atoll reef USGS:SDTS bank reef USGS:SDTS barrier reef ADL:FTT barrier reef USGS:SDTS fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS shore reef USGS:SDTS submerged reef USGS:SDTS ledge USGS:SDTS reef Geonames:feature reef flat USGS:SDTS reefs Geonames:feature ENVO:00000131 OBSOLETE A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. Previously had the axiom 'material entity' and ('composed primarily of' some ('water ice' or snow)) which ended up making incorrect inference. We chose to obsolete this now. EcoLexicon:ice FTT:648 SWEETRealm:LandIce TGN:21410 glacer Ice LandIce glacial landform glacier feature Ambiguities in notion of feature and overly general equivalence axiom was making incorrect assertions. For example popsicle would reason under this class. Likely to be depopulated and "glacial" made into a quality or similar. obsolete glacial feature true OBSOLETE A hydrographic feature characterized by the dominance of snow or ice. MA:ma glacer ADL:FTT Ice NASA:earthrealm LandIce NASA:earthrealm glacial landform Getty:TGN glacier feature ADL:FTT ENVO:00000132 A glacier which covers an area of greater than 50,000 square kilometers. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:837 SWEETRealm:IceSheet TGN:21147 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet This is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community. ice sheet A glacier which covers an area of greater than 50,000 square kilometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_sheet This is not always classified as a glacier in the cryosphere community. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic ENVO:00000133 An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial feature EcoLexicon:glacier FTT:648 FTT:756 Geonames:H.GLCR TGN:21141 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Glacier RockGlacier rock glacier The definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms). glacier An ice mass which is of sufficient mass that the action of gravity upon it overcomes the frictional forces holding it in place, causing it to deform and flow towards lower elevation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier glacial feature ADL:FTT RockGlacier NASA:earthrealm rock glacier USGS:SDTS The definition of glacier is highly variable. Two main issues exist: 1) Whether or not a mass of ice must currently show movement to be considered a glacier or not and 2) What is the relationship between ice sheets and glaciers (i.e., which is the parent in a parent/child relationship or whether they are distinct terms). https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:00000134 An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. LTER:408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost Ice is not always present, as may be in the case of nonporous bedrock, but it frequently occurs and it may be in amounts exceeding the potential hydraulic saturation of the ground material. permafrost An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of soil or rock and included ice or organic material and 2) at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost ENVO:00000135 A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. FTT:17 Geonames:A.ZNB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zone administrative area buffer zone A geographical region that serves the purpose of keeping two or more other areas (often, but not necessarily, countries) distant from one another, for whatever reason. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer_zone administrative area ADL:FTT ENVO:00000136 A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. adminstrative area FTT:1253 FTT:20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMZ DEMILITIARIZED ZONE DMZ neutral zone boundary demilitarized zone A geographical area, usually the frontier or boundary between two or more military powers (or alliances), where military activity is not permitted, usually by peace treaty, armistice or other bilateral or multilateral agreement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demilitarized_zone adminstrative area ADL:FTT DEMILITIARIZED ZONE USGS:SDTS neutral zone ADL:FTT neutral zone USGS:SDTS boundary USGS:SDTS An opening of the sea into the land. FTT:463 TGN:21128 ENVO coastal inlet ENVO:00000137 coastal inlet ENVO:00000137 An opening of the sea into the land. USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000138 A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. EcoLexicon:cove FTT:190 FTT:229 Geonames:H.COVE SWEETRealm:Cove TGN:21120 cove A circular or round inlet with a narrow entrance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cove A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. canal FTT:129 FTT:406 Geonames:H.DTCHI ENVO ENVO:00000139 irrigation ditch ENVO:00000139 A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. EcoLexicon:drainage_ditch FTT:129 FTT:402 Geonames:H.DTCHD ENVO canal rhyne ENVO:00000140 drainage ditch ENVO:00000140 A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. mount EcoLexicon:bank FTT:195 SWEETRealm:Bank TGN:21466 ENVO shore ENVO:00000141 bank ENVO:00000141 The sloping margin of a watercourse, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma mount USGS:SDTS shore USGS:SDTS The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. FTT:195 FTT:196 Geonames:H.BNKR https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bank ENVO bank (hydrographic) ENVO:00000142 stream bank ENVO:00000142 The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma bank (hydrographic) ADL:FTT The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. TGN:21155 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bank riverbank ENVO ENVO:00000143 river bank ENVO:00000143 The sloping margin of a river, serving to confine it to its natural channel. MA:ma riverbank Getty:TGN A habitat that is in or on water. ENVO:01000317 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquatic_habitat ENVO ENVO:00000144 obsolete aquatic habitat true ENVO:00000144 A habitat that is in or on water. NM:nm ENVO:00000145 A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). FTT:841 Geonames:H.CAPG SPIRE:Ice_cap SWEETRealm:IceCap TGN:21140 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap icecap ice field ice cap A dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km2 of land area (usually covering a highland area). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cap icecap Geonames:feature icecap Getty:TGN ice field USGS:SDTS A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. FTT:1208 Geonames:L.SNOW TGN:21146 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_field SNOWFIELD snowfield ENVO SnowField snowfield ENVO:00000146 snow field ENVO:00000146 A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes. USGS:SDTS SNOWFIELD USGS:SDTS snowfield Getty:TGN SnowField NASA:earthrealm snowfield Geonames:feature ENVO:00000147 The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. current EcoLexicon:ocean_current FTT:597 FTT:598 Geonames:H.CRNT LTER:386 SWEETRealm:OceanCurrent TGN:21169 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current Subclasses of this class are to be populated by inference. Definition modified from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current. ocean current The region occupied by any more or less continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earth's oceans. Ocean Currents are rivers of hot or cold water within the ocean. The currents are generated from the forces acting upon the water like the earth's rotation, the wind, the temperature and salinity differences and the gravitation of the moon. The depth contours, the shoreline and other movements influence the direction and strength of the movements of water that forms a given current. BS:bs current ADL:FTT current Geonames:feature current Getty:TGN ENVO:00000148 A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. EcoLexicon:riffle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle riffle A shallow stretch of a river or stream, where the current is above the average stream velocity and where the water forms small rippled waves as a result. It often consists of a rocky bed of gravels or other small stones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riffle ENVO:00000149 Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_reef artificial reef Chains of rocks or coral at or near the surface of water constructed by man. MA:ma ENVO:00000150 A marine reef which is composed primarily of aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, low-nutrient waters. EcoLexicon:coral_reef FTT:202 FTT:547 FTT:729 Geonames:H.RFC LTER:127 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef CoralReef barrier reef fringing reef reef coral reef A marine reef which is composed primarily of aragonite structures produced by living organisms, found in shallow, low-nutrient waters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coral_reef LTER:127 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=127&/coral-reefs CoralReef NASA:earthrealm fringing reef ADL:FTT fringing reef USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. basin FTT:705 FTT:706 Geonames:H.SBKH SWEETRealm:Sabkha TGN:21368 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabkha ENVO flat ENVO:00000151 sabkha ENVO:00000151 An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment. MA:ma basin USGS:SDTS flat ADL:FTT ENVO:00000152 A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. watercourse FTT:104 Geonames:H.STMA TGN:21136 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabranch stream anabranch A section of a river or stream that diverts from the main course and rejoins later. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anabranch watercourse USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT ENVO:00000153 The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. stream FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1259 FTT:220 FTT:644 Geonames:H.STMH TGN:21181 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headwater HEADWATER headwaters drainage basin headstream source headwater The upper part of a river system, denoting the upper basin and source streams of a river. USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT HEADWATER USGS:SDTS headwaters Geonames:feature drainage basin ADL:FTT headstream ADL:FTT ENVO:00000154 An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. water meadow flood meadow ecosystem An area of grassland or pasture beside a river, subject to seasonal flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_meadow ENVO:00000155 A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 FTT:218 FTT:481 Geonames:T.CRQ Geonames:T.CRQS TGN:21496 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirque cirque basin cirques coomb coombe corrie cwm cirque A depression which is semicircular or crescent-shaped, found towards the crest of a mountain, and formed by the erosional processes caused by the motion of a glacier. USGS:SDTS http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Glacial+cirque cirques Geonames:feature cwm ADL:FTT A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. EcoLexicon:oasis FTT:261 Geonames:L.OAS TGN:21202 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis ENVO ENVO:00000156 desert oasis ENVO:00000156 A small, isolated, fertile or green area in a desert region, usually having a spring or well. USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000157 An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. wetland FTT:1060 Geonames:L.PEAT peat cutting peat cutting area peat cut An artificial working of peatland to remove the peat. MA:ma wetland USGS:SDTS peat cutting USGS:SDTS peat cutting area ADL:FTT peat cutting area Geonames:feature A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. EcoLexicon:causeway FTT:443 Geonames:R.CSWY TGN:53156 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway ENVO causeway road ENVO:00000158 causeway ENVO:00000158 A road or railway elevated by a bank, usually across a broad body of water or wetland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causeway causeway Geonames:feature road USGS:SDTS agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:75 Geonames:S.ESTSG https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_plantation ENVO ENVO:00000159 sugar plantation ENVO:00000159 agricultural site ADL:FTT agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:73 Geonames:ESTSL ENVO ENVO:00000160 sisal plantation ENVO:00000160 agricultural site ADL:FTT agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:49 Geonames:ESTB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_plantation ENVO ENVO:00000161 banana plantation ENVO:00000161 agricultural site ADL:FTT agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:76 Geonames:S.ESTT tea estate ENVO ENVO:00000162 tea plantation ENVO:00000162 agricultural site ADL:FTT ENVO ENVO:00000163 coffee plantation ENVO:00000163 ENVO:00000164 A plantation which is used to grow Hevea brasiliensis or other species from which natural latex is harvested. agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:71 Geonames:S.ESTR rubber plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT ENVO:00000165 A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. basin EcoLexicon:tar_pit FTT:174 FTT:175 Geonames:T.ASPH TGN:21369 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tar_pit tar pit asphalt lake A lake formed of a natural deposit of alphalt, a black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid composed of fossil hydrocarbons. MA:ma basin ADL:FTT An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. island EcoLexicon:atoll FTT:127 FTT:450 Geonames:T.ATOL SWEETRealm:Atoll TGN:21472 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll coral atoll ENVO REEF, ISLAND atoll reef ENVO:00000166 atoll ENVO:00000166 An oceanic island, often having a characteristic ring-like shape surrounding a lagoon. Atolls are formed when coral reef grows around a volcanic island that later subsides into the ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atoll island ADL:FTT island USGS:SDTS REEF, ISLAND USGS:SDTS atoll USGS:SDTS reef USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000167 A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. seafloor feature EcoLexicon:bar FTT:1195 FTT:206 FTT:208 FTT:209 FTT:210 FTT:5 Geonames:H.BNK Geonames:H.SHOL Geonames:T.BAR Geonames:U.BKSU Geonames:U.BNKU Geonames:U.SHLU Geonames:U.SHSU Geonames:U.TNGU SWEETRealm:Bar TGN:21177 TGN:21480 TGN:21531 TGN:23191 Shoal ball bank barrier beach barrier island cuspate spit hook hooked spit longshore bar marsh bar offshore bar point recurved spit sand bank sand bar sand hom sand lobe sand spit sandbar shoal shoal patches shoals spit tongue tongue (seafloor) transverse bar undersea shoal bar A linear shoaling landform feature within a body of water. Bars tend to be long and narrow (linear) and develop where a current (or waves) promote deposition of granular material, resulting in localized shallowing (shoaling) of the water. Bars can appear in the sea, in a lake, or in a river. They are typically composed of sand, although could be of any granular matter that the moving water has access to and is capable of shifting around (for example, soil, silt, gravel, cobble, shingle, or even boulders). The grain size of the material comprising a bar is related: to the size of the waves or the strength of the currents moving the material, but the availability of material to be worked by waves and currents is also important. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_%28landform%29 seafloor feature ADL:FTT Shoal NASA:earthrealm ball Geonames:feature bank Geonames:feature barrier beach USGS:SDTS barrier island USGS:SDTS cuspate spit USGS:SDTS hook USGS:SDTS hooked spit USGS:SDTS longshore bar USGS:SDTS marsh bar USGS:SDTS offshore bar USGS:SDTS point USGS:SDTS recurved spit USGS:SDTS sand bank USGS:SDTS sand bar Getty:TGN sand hom USGS:SDTS sand lobe USGS:SDTS sand spit USGS:SDTS sandbar ADL:FTT sandbar USGS:SDTS shoal ADL:FTT shoal Geonames:feature shoal Getty:TGN shoal USGS:SDTS shoal patches USGS:SDTS shoals Geonames:feature spit ADL:FTT spit USGS:SDTS tongue Geonames:feature tongue USGS:SDTS tongue (seafloor) ADL:FTT transverse bar USGS:SDTS undersea shoal Getty:TGN A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. EcoLexicon:blowhole FTT:266 Geonames:T.BLHL TGN:21172 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowhole ENVO ENVO:00000168 blowhole ENVO:00000168 A hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air. Geonames:feature Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. EcoLexicon:canyon FTT:165 FTT:200 FTT:415 FTT:416 FTT:417 FTT:418 FTT:419 FTT:420 FTT:511 Geonames:T.CNYN SWEETRealm:Canyon TGN:21424 TGN:21426 TGN:21427 TGN:21429 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canyon ENVO barranca chasm defile flume (natural) gap gorge gulch quebrada ravine valley ENVO:00000169 canyon ENVO:00000169 Relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope. ADL:FTT barranca ADL:FTT chasm ADL:FTT defile Getty:TGN flume (natural) ADL:FTT gap ADL:FTT gorge ADL:FTT gorge Getty:TGN gulch ADL:FTT quebrada ADL:FTT ravine ADL:FTT ravine Getty:TGN valley USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000170 A hill of sand built by eolian processes. mount ridge sandy area EcoLexicon:dune FTT:238 FTT:241 FTT:652 Geonames:T.DUNE LTER:171 SWEETRealm:Dune TGN:21419 TGN:21505 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune sand dune interdune trough sand hill dune A hill of sand built by eolian processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dune mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN sand dune USGS:SDTS interdune trough ADL:FTT sand hill USGS:SDTS A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_valley ENVO ENVO:00000171 river valley ENVO:00000171 A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a river. MA:ma A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of sand. desert sandy area EcoLexicon:sandy_area FTT:188 FTT:238 FTT:616 Geonames:T.ERG Geonames:T.SAND TGN:21203 ENVO ENVO:00000172 There should be relation here to ENVO:sand, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. sandy desert ENVO:00000172 desert ADL:FTT sandy area ADL:FTT sandy area Geonames:feature sandy area Getty:TGN A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of rock. desert FTT:188 FTT:615 Geonames:T.HMDA TGN:21204 rock desert ENVO ENVO:00000173 There should be relation here to ENVO:rock, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. rocky desert ENVO:00000173 desert ADL:FTT rock desert Geonames:feature ENVO:00000174 Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. EcoLexicon:isthmus FTT:892 Geonames:T.ISTH SWEETRealm:Isthmus TGN:21473 TGN:21478 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isthmus land bridge neck submarine isthmus isthmus Narrow section of land in a body of water connecting two larger land areas. USGS:SDTS land bridge Getty:TGN neck USGS:SDTS submarine isthmus USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000175 A surface landform which is formed by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock. EcoLexicon:karst FTT:894 Geonames:T.KRST SWEETRealm:Karst TGN:21509 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst karst area Karsts usually form in masses of carbonate rock such as limestone or dolomite. Karst landscapes display distinctive surface features and underground drainages, and in some examples there may be little or no surface drainage. karst A surface landform which is formed by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst karst area ADL:FTT karst area Getty:TGN ENVO:00000176 A landform elevated above the surrounding area. elevation LTER:177 SWEETRealm:Elevation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation elevated landform A landform elevated above the surrounding area. MA:ma ENVO:00000177 An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. EcoLexicon:moraine FTT:759 Geonames:T.MRN TGN:21414 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine glacial moraine moraine An accumulation of boulders, stones, or other debris carried and deposited by a glacier. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine glacial moraine USGS:SDTS An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. EcoLexicon:levee FTT:197 FTT:21 FTT:252 FTT:619 FTT:670 FTT:921 Geonames:S.DIKE Geonames:T.LEV SWEETRealm:Dike TGN:51251 TGN:51263 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee ENVO EMBANKMENT REVETMENT berm dike dike (manmade) dyke embankment levee revetment ENVO:00000178 levee ENVO:00000178 An artificial slope or wall, usually earthen, which parallels the course of a river, built for the purpose of containing the river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levee EMBANKMENT USGS:SDTS REVETMENT USGS:SDTS berm ADL:FTT dike Geonames:feature dike Getty:TGN dike USGS:SDTS dike (manmade) ADL:FTT dyke USGS:SDTS embankment ADL:FTT levee Geonames:feature revetment ADL:FTT ENVO:00000179 An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. plateau FTT:376 FTT:377 Geonames:T.MESA SWEETRealm:Mesa TGN:21422 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa butte mesa An elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs. Mesas form in areas where horizontally layered rocks are uplifted by tectonic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa plateau USGS:SDTS butte ADL:FTT ENVO:00000180 A rounded elevated area. FTT:118 FTT:993 Geonames:T.MND TGN:21458 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound mound mount mound A rounded elevated area. MA:ma mound Geonames:feature mount USGS:SDTS The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. glacier feature FTT:648 FTT:757 FTT:80 Geonames:T.NTK Geonames:T.NTKS TGN:21495 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak ENVO mountain summit nunatak nunataks peak ENVO:00000181 "peak" in the definition is understood as a synonym of mount, rather than of summit. Nunataks may also refer to areas of ridges. The definition and placement of this class may need to be revised. nunatak ENVO:00000181 The exposed summit of a ridge, mountain, or peak not covered with ice or snow within an ice field or glacier. The term is typically used in areas where a permanent ice mass is present. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nunatak glacier feature ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak Geonames:feature nunataks Geonames:feature peak USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000182 An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. EcoLexicon:plateau FTT:1080 FTT:1090 FTT:1091 FTT:788 Geonames:T.PLAT Geonames:T.UPLD SWEETRealm:Plateau TGN:21441 TGN:21493 TGN:21494 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau PLATEAU Plateau highland intermontane plateau plateau table mountain tableknoll tableland tablemount upland plateau An elevated and comparatively level expanse of land. USGS:SDTS PLATEAU USGS:SDTS Plateau NASA:earthrealm highland Getty:TGN intermontane plateau USGS:SDTS plateau Geonames:feature table mountain ADL:FTT tableknoll USGS:SDTS tableland ADL:FTT tableland USGS:SDTS tablemount USGS:SDTS upland ADL:FTT upland Geonames:feature upland Getty:TGN A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. desert FTT:188 FTT:617 Geonames:T.REG ENVO ENVO:00000183 There should be relation here to ENVO:rock and ENVO:gravel, but it's more than "primarily composed of" and must call upon the idea of "ground surface" or layer. stony desert ENVO:00000183 A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones. Geonames:feature desert ADL:FTT A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. valley FTT:166 FTT:784 Geonames:T.VALG TGN:21514 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanging_valley ENVO ENVO:00000184 hanging valley ENVO:00000184 A tributary valley with the floor at a higher relief than the main channel into which it flows. They are most commonly associated with U-shaped valleys when a tributary glacier flows into a glacier of larger volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley#Hanging_valleys valley ADL:FTT ENVO:00000185 Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. wetland SWEETRealm:RaisedBog raised bog raised mire Rain-fed, potentially deep peatlands occurring principally in lowland areas across much of Northern Europe, as well as in the former USSR, North America and parts of the southern hemisphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland wetland USGS:SDTS raised bog USGS:SDTS 3 ENVO:00000186 Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. wetland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_bog string bog string mire Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland wetland USGS:SDTS string bog USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000187 Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. tundra mire Peatlands with a shallow peat layer, only about 500 mm thick, dominated by sedges and grasses. They form in permafrost areas, covering around 110,000 to 160,000 km2 in Alaska, Canada, and the former USSR. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland ENVO:00000188 Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. These develop where the ground surface is frozen only for part of the year, and are common in the former USSR, Canada and parts of Scandinavia. palsa mire Peatland typified by characteristic high mounds, each with a permanently frozen core, with wet depressions between the mounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland ENVO:00000189 Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat_swamp This type of peatland covers around 350,000 km2, primarily in south-east Asia but also occurring in the Everglades in Florida. peat swamp Forested peatlands including both rain- and groundwater-fed types, commonly recorded in tropical regions with high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peatland#Types_of_peatland Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. EcoLexicon:abyssal_hill FTT:1020 FTT:2 FTT:4 ENVO Abyssalhill abyssal hill ocean floor feature ENVO:00000190 abyssal feature ENVO:00000190 Feature on the ocean floor at a depth of 3500 - 6000 meters. ADL:FTT Abyssalhill NASA:earthrealm abyssal hill ADL:FTT ENVO:00000191 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. EcoLexicon:landform EcoLexicon:landforms FTT:754 FTT:96 SWEETRealm:Landform TGN:21400 TGN:21401 geological feature landform physiographic feature solid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform geological feature ADL:FTT A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. wetland EcoLexicon:mud_flat FTT:1001 FTT:185 Geonames:H.FLTM SPIRE:Mudflat SWEETRealm:MudFlat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat mud flat ENVO mud flat ENVO:00000192 mudflat ENVO:00000192 A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by the tides, rivers, sea or oceans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflat wetland ADL:FTT mud flat ADL:FTT mud flat Geonames:feature FTT:1033 FTT:506 Geonames:V.GRVO https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_grove ENVO olive grove wood ENVO:00000193 olive grove ENVO:00000193 olive grove Geonames:feature wood ADL:FTT ENVO:00000194 Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. EcoLexicon:scree FTT:1078 FTT:96 Geonames:T.TAL SWEETRealm:Talus TGN:21508 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree TALUS talus slope scree Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scree TALUS USGS:SDTS talus slope Geonames:feature talus slope Getty:TGN ENVO:00000195 A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. basin EcoLexicon:sink_hole FTT:1073 FTT:1074 Geonames:T.SINK SWEETRealm:Sink TGN:21371 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole cenote sink sinkhole A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinkhole basin USGS:SDTS sink Geonames:feature sink USGS:SDTS A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. FTT:223 FTT:477 FTT:706 FTT:895 LTER:434 SWEETRealm:Playa ENVO chott kavir playa salina ENVO:00000196 alkaline flat ENVO:00000196 A dry lakebed consisting of fine-grained sediments infused with alkali salts. Generally the shore or bed of an endorheic lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabkha chott ADL:FTT kavir ADL:FTT playa ADL:FTT salina USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000197 A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_lake closed lake endorheic lake A lake from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic ENVO:00000198 A lake permanently covered by ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake ice-covered lake A lake permanently covered by ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes ENVO:00000199 A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. EcoLexicon:meromictic_lake_ The deepest layer of water in such a lake typically does not contain any dissolved oxygen. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a meromictic lake remain relatively undisturbed because there are no living organisms to stir them up. meromictic lake A lake which has layers of water which do not intermix. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periglacial_lake ENVO ENVO:00000200 periglacial lake ENVO:00000200 A lake, part of whose margin is formed by an ice mass, ice cap or glacier, the ice having obstructed the natural drainage of the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjord_lake ENVO ENVO:00000201 fjord lake ENVO:00000201 A lake in a glacially eroded valley, which has been eroded below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. EcoLexicon:ox-bow_lake FTT:221 FTT:903 Geonames:H.LKO TGN:21139 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxbow_lake ENVO ENVO:00000202 oxbow lake ENVO:00000202 A lake which is formed when a wide meander from a stream or a river is cut off to form a lake. They are called oxbow lakes due to the distinctive curved shape that results from this process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes ENVO:00000203 A lake which fills a depression that has formed as a result of subsidence along a a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. rift lake A lake which fills a depression that has formed as a result of subsidence along a a rift zone, an area of extensional tectonics in the continental crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Types_of_lakes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_lake ENVO:00000204 A spring through which fluid intermittently flows. ephemeral spring A spring through which fluid intermittently flows. MA:ma A spring whose flow is continuous. ENVO ENVO:00000205 permanent spring ENVO:00000205 A spring whose flow is continuous. MA:ma ENVO:00000206 The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:neritic_zone SWEETRealm:NeriticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neritic_zone marine neritic zone The water mass of an ocean directly above a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ENVO:00000207 The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:oceanic_zone OceanLayer oceanic zone The water mass of an ocean that is not above a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean OceanLayer NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000208 An open ocean region. EcoLexicon:pelagic_zone SPIRE:Pelagic SWEETRealm:PelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_zone marine pelagic zone An open ocean region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ENVO:00000209 The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. EcoLexicon:epipelagic_zone SPIRE:Epipelagic_zone SWEETRealm:PhoticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photic_zone PhoticZone epipelagic zone marine photic zone The zone of an ocean from the surface to where photosynthesis can occur, due to the penetration of light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean PhoticZone NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000210 The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. EcoLexicon:aphotic_zone SWEETRealm:AphoticZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphotic_zone AphoticZone marine aphotic zone The zone of an ocean below 200m, in which photosynthesis cannot occur due to the lack of light. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean AphoticZone NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000211 The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. EcoLexicon:bathypelagic_zone SWEETRealm:BathypelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathypelagic_zone marine bathypelagic zone The one of an ocean below the 10degC thermocline down to a temperature of 4degC. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ENVO:00000212 The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. marine abyssalpelagic zone The zone of the ocean below the bathypelagic zone, with its lowest boundary at about 6000m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ENVO:00000213 The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). EcoLexicon:mesopelagic_zone SPIRE:Mesopelagic_zone SWEETRealm:MesopelagicZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopelagic_zone marine mesopelagic zone The zone of an ocean immediately below the photic zone down to a depth where the water temperature is 10degC (the thermocline). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean ENVO:00000214 The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. hadalpelagic zone The zone of an ocean in oceanic trenches, lying between 6000m and 10,000m. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. EcoLexicon:hydrothermal_vent FTT:834 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent HydrothermalVents ENVO ENVO:00000215 hydrothermal vent ENVO:00000215 A fissure in the Earths's surface from which geothermally heated water issues. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vents HydrothermalVents NASA:earthrealm A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. thermal feature EcoLexicon:fumarole FTT:731 FTT:732 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole FUMAROLE ENVO ENVO:00000216 fumarole ENVO:00000216 A hole in the Earth's crust from which steam and gases are emitted. USGS:SDTS thermal feature ADL:FTT FUMAROLE USGS:SDTS A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. EcoLexicon:solfatara https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solfatara ENVO ENVO:00000217 solfatara ENVO:00000217 A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fumarole A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. SPIRE:Oceanic_vent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker active chimney ENVO oceanic vent sea vent ENVO:00000218 black smoker ENVO:00000218 A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor. The vents are formed in fields hundreds of meters wide when superheated water from below the Earth's crust comes through the ocean floor. The superheated water is rich in dissolved minerals from the crust, most notably sulfides, which crystallize to create a chimney-like structure around each vent. When the superheated water in the vent comes in contact with the cold ocean water, many minerals are precipitated, creating the distinctive black color. The metal sulfides that are deposited can become massive sulfide ore deposits in time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_smoker oceanic vent SPIRE:Oceanic_vent ENVO:00000219 An inland sea which is not connected with an ocean by a lentic or lotic water body. lake FTT:221 FTT:871 inland sea envoPolar landlocked sea An inland sea which is not connected with an ocean by a lentic or lotic water body. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS inland sea USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000220 A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. EcoLexicon:archipelago FTT:146 TGN:21470 TGN:21474 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER IslandArc island arc island group archipelago A group of geographically or geologically associated islands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago ISLAND CLUSTER USGS:SDTS IslandArc NASA:earthrealm island arc USGS:SDTS island group Getty:TGN An island that lies on a continental shelf. EcoLexicon:continental_island https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_island ENVO ENVO:00000221 continental island ENVO:00000221 An island that lies on a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Continental_island An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. EcoLexicon:oceanic_island https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_island ENVO volcanic island ENVO:00000222 oceanic island ENVO:00000222 An island that does not sit on a continental shelf, and is of volcanic origin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands ENVO:00000223 A slope which a) extends the perimeter of a continent, b) is covered by a shallow marine water body during interglacial periods, c) has a low degree of steepness relative to a continental slope or rise. shelf EcoLexicon:continental_shelf FTT:283 FTT:284 FTT:535 FTT:537 FTT:538 FTT:539 Geonames:U.BDLU Geonames:U.SHFU SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf shelves, continental borderland borderland (continental margin) platform (continental margin) shelf edge (ocean) The continental shelf is a gentle slope. This class refers to the geographical continental shelf and not the legal concept of the same name. continental shelf A slope which a) extends the perimeter of a continent, b) is covered by a shallow marine water body during interglacial periods, c) has a low degree of steepness relative to a continental slope or rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf shelf Geonames:feature shelves, continental ADL:FTT borderland Geonames:feature borderland (continental margin) ADL:FTT platform (continental margin) ADL:FTT shelf edge (ocean) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000224 An estuary in which river output is less than the marine input, resulting in the mixing of the whole water column by current-induced turbulence, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. partially mixed estuary vertically mixed estuary slightly stratified estuary An estuary in which river output is less than the marine input, resulting in the mixing of the whole water column by current-induced turbulence, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary ENVO:00000225 An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. highly stratified estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary ENVO:00000226 An estuary in which river output greatly exceeds marine input, resulting in little mixing and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. EcoLexicon:salt-wedge_estuary salt wedge estuary saline wedge estuary An estuary in which river output greatly exceeds marine input, resulting in little mixing and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary ENVO:00000227 An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. obsolete vertically mixed estuary true An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary ENVO:00000228 An estuary which is located in regions where evaporation greatly exceeds the inflow of fresh water, forming a zone of maximum salinity towards which both riverine and marine water masses flow, before sinking and spreading along the bottom in both seaward and landward directions. inverse estuary An estuary which is located in regions where evaporation greatly exceeds the inflow of fresh water, forming a zone of maximum salinity towards which both riverine and marine water masses flow, before sinking and spreading along the bottom in both seaward and landward directions. ENVO:00000229 An estuary which varies dramatically in its volume as a result of intermittent freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any other type of estuary. intermittent estuary An estuary which varies dramatically in its volume as a result of intermittent freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any other type of estuary. ENVO:00000230 A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_wetland coastal wetland ecosystem A wetland ecosystem which overlaps both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. MA:ma ENVO:00000231 A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. moor EcoLexicon:moor FTT:1191 FTT:991 Geonames:H.MOOR LTER:351 TGN:21608 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moor moor A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorland moor Geonames:feature ENVO:00000232 A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. wetland FTT:685 TGN:21321 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen fen A freshwater peat land with chemically basic (which roughly means alkaline) ground water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Wetland_types wetland ADL:FTT ENVO:00000233 A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. wetland EcoLexicon:swamp FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:H.SWMP SPIRE:Swamp SWEETRealm:Swamp TGN:21324 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp Swamp swamp cienaga swamp ecosystem A wetland ecosystem in which land mass is permanently inundated by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. lake watercourse EcoLexicon:embayment_ FTT:1206 FTT:228 FTT:230 TGN:21303 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayou ENVO bahia embayment lake slough ENVO:00000234 bayou ENVO:00000234 A small, slow-moving stream or creek; usually located in low-lying areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayous lake USGS:SDTS watercourse USGS:SDTS bahia ADL:FTT embayment ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000235 A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. carr A fen which has developed to the point where it supports trees. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland#Wetland_types ENVO:00000236 A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. dambo A class of complex shallow wetlands in central, southern and eastern Africa, particularly in Zambia and Zimbabwe. They are generally found in higher rainfall flat plateau areas, and have river-like branching forms which may be nowhere very large, but common enough to add up to a large area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos ENVO:00000237 A danbo associated with a headwater. hydromorphic/phreatic dambo A danbo associated with a headwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos ENVO:00000238 A dambo associated with a river. fluvial dambo A dambo associated with a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dambos ENVO:00000239 A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. pocasin A palustrine wetland with deep, acidic, sandy, peat soils. Groundwater saturates the soil except during brief seasonal dry spells and during prolonged droughts. Pocosin soils are nutrient deficient (oligotrophic), especially in phosphorus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocosin ENVO:00000240 A wetland ecosystem in which soil is saturated with saline water. It would be more correct to say that this has_quality salty or has_part ((soil and water) and has_increased_levels_of salt. saline wetland A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. wetland EcoLexicon:tidal_flat FTT:1230 FTT:185 FTT:706 Geonames:H.FLTT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_flat FLAT tidal flat ENVO ENVO:00000241 tidal mudflat ENVO:00000241 A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT FLAT USGS:SDTS tidal flat ADL:FTT tidal flat Geonames:feature tidal flat USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000242 A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. lacustrine mudflat A wetland that forms when mud is deposited by a stream. MA:ma ENVO:00000243 A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. freshwater wetland ecosystem A wetland which is inundated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. EcoLexicon:abyssal_plain FTT:4 SPIRE:Abyssal TGN:23302 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain ENVO abyssal feature ENVO:00000244 abyssal plain ENVO:00000244 A flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abyssal_plain Abyssalplain NASA:earthrealm abyssal feature ADL:FTT ENVO:00000245 A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. maar A broad, low relief crater that results from a phreatic eruption or explosion caused by groundwater contact with hot lava or magma. The maar typically fills with water to form a relatively shallow crater lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maar ENVO:00000246 A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. FTT:219 TGN:21408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater crater volcanic crater A crater formed by a volcano, within which occurs a vent (or vents) from which magma erupts as gases, lava, and ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_crater ENVO:00000247 An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. mount EcoLexicon:volcano FTT:592 Geonames:T.VLC TGN:21406 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano volcano An opening, or rupture, in the Earth's surface or crust, which allows hot, molten rock, ash and gases to escape from deep below the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano mount USGS:SDTS A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_valley ENVO valley ENVO:00000248 glacial valley ENVO:00000248 A valley that contains, or contained, a glacier and was formed by glacial activity. Typically U-shaped in cross-section. MA:ma valley USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000249 The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. moraine EcoLexicon:lateral_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_moraine lateral moraine The parallel ridges of till deposited along the sides of an alglacier. The unconsolidated debris is deposited on top of the glacier by frost shattering of the valley walls and from tributary streams flowing into the valley. The till is carried along the glacial margin until the glacier melts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine moraine USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000250 A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_moraine medial moraine A moriane formed when the inside lateral moraines of two glaciers merge together. They form a ridge down the center of the combined glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine ENVO:00000251 A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. EcoLexicon:ground_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_moraine ground moraine A till covered area with irregular topography and no ridges, often forming gently rolling hills or plains. Forms by the accumulation of till under the ice by lodgement, but may also be deposited as the glacier retreats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine ENVO:00000252 Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. EcoLexicon:terminal_moraine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_moraine end moraine delta moraine moraine terminal moraine Ridges of unconsolidated debris deposited at the snout or end of the glacier. They usually reflect the shape of the glacier's terminus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moraine end moraine USGS:SDTS delta moraine USGS:SDTS moraine USGS:SDTS A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. ENVO ENVO:00000253 scroll plane ENVO:00000253 A plain where a stream meanders across an area with a very low gradient, usually with a fairly continuous discharge. In addition to meanders, scroll plains are also characterised by many oxbow lakes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scroll_plain An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. ENVO ENVO:00000254 till plain ENVO:00000254 An extensive flat plain of glacial till that forms when a sheet of ice becomes detached from the main body of a glacier and melts in place depositing the sediments it carried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Till_plain An area which is subject to periodic flooding. EcoLexicon:flood_plain FTT:288 FTT:98 LTER:197 SWEETRealm:FloodPlain TGN:21460 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain FLOOD PLAIN Floodplain floodplain ENVO bottomland ENVO:00000255 flood plain ENVO:00000255 An area which is subject to periodic flooding. USGS:SDTS FLOOD PLAIN USGS:SDTS Floodplain NASA:earthrealm floodplain ADL:FTT bottomland ADL:FTT ENVO:00000256 The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. FTT:710 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floodway floodway The stream channel and adjacent areas that carry flood flows in a flood plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_fringe ENVO ENVO:00000257 flood fringe ENVO:00000257 Area of a flood plane covered by the flood, but which does not experience a strong current. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_plain ENVO:00000258 A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. EcoLexicon:alluvial_plain SWEETRealm:AlluvialPlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_plain alluvial plain A relatively flat and gently sloping landform found at the base of a range of hills or mountains, formed by the deposition of alluvial soil over a long period of time by one or more streams coming from the mountains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_plain A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. SWEETRealm:LacustrinePlain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacustrine_plain ENVO ENVO:00000259 lacustrine plain ENVO:00000259 A plain that originally formed in a lacustrine environment, that is, as the bed of a lake, but from which the water has disappeared, by natural drainage, evaporation or other geophysical processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacustrine_plain ENVO:00000260 An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). FTT:259 FTT:707 FTT:769 FTT:926 TGN:21605 TGN:21606 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie grassland llanos pampa plain veld prairie An area of land of low topographic relief that historically supported grasses and herbs, with few trees, and having generally a mesic (moderate or temperate) climate. Dominated by tall grasses (contrast steppe). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS llanos ADL:FTT pampa Getty:TGN plain ADL:FTT veld USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000261 A terrestrial ecosystem which has its composition and function determined by an unbroken herbaceous layer - primarily composed of grasses, sedges, or rushes - interspersed with trees or shrubs. Further axiomatisation is possible with the right taxon imports, but the interspersal semantics may be beyond OWL expressivity. FTT:259 FTT:770 FTT:771 TGN:21607 Savanna grassland savannah Savannas are intermediate grassland-woodland ecosystems, with some instances having almost no trees and others having trees at densities higher than some forests. Savannas are typically subject to tropical or subtropical climatic conditions. Savannas typically have seasonal water availability and grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities. savanna A terrestrial ecosystem which has its composition and function determined by an unbroken herbaceous layer - primarily composed of grasses, sedges, or rushes - interspersed with trees or shrubs. Savanna NASA:earthrealm grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS savannah ADL:FTT ENVO:00000262 A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. EcoLexicon:steppe FTT:259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland pampa pampas puszta steppe A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steppe grassland ADL:FTT grassland USGS:SDTS pampas USGS:SDTS puszta USGS:SDTS A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. ENVO ENVO:00000263 fissure cave ENVO:00000263 A narrow, vertical cave passage, often developed along a joint but not necessarily so. Usually due to solution but sometimes to tension. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. mount EcoLexicon:mountain EcoLexicon:seamount FTT:1241 Geonames:MTSU Geonames:RNGU Geonames:U.HLLU Geonames:U.HLSU Geonames:U.KNLU Geonames:U.KNSU Geonames:U.MESU Geonames:U.MNDU Geonames:U.MTU Geonames:U.PKSU Geonames:U.PKU Geonames:U.SMSU Geonames:U.SMU TGN:23132 TGN:23133 TGN:23172 TGN:23175 TGN:23176 TGN:23178 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount mountains sea mount sea-mount seaknoll submarine volcano ENVO hill hills knoll knolls mesa mound mount mountain peak peaks range seakpeak undersea hill undersea knoll undersea mound ENVO:00000264 seamount ENVO:00000264 A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth. Independent features that rise to at least 1,000 meters above the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount mount USGS:SDTS mountains Geonames:feature seaknoll USGS:SDTS hill Geonames:feature hills Geonames:feature knoll Geonames:feature knolls Geonames:feature mesa Geonames:feature mound Geonames:feature mount USGS:SDTS mountain Geonames:feature peak Geonames:feature peaks Geonames:feature range Geonames:feature seakpeak ADL:FTT seakpeak USGS:SDTS undersea hill Getty:TGN undersea knoll Getty:TGN undersea mound Getty:TGN ENVO:00000265 A flat-topped seamount. seamount EcoLexicon:tablemount FTT:1197 FTT:777 FTT:778 Geonames:U.TMSU TGN:23171 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot tablemount tablemounts plateau tablemount (seafloor) guyot A flat-topped seamount. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyot seamount ADL:FTT tablemount Geonames:feature tablemounts Geonames:feature plateau USGS:SDTS tablemount (seafloor) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000266 A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. FTT:45 FTT:67 Geonames:L.GRAZ grazing area pasture A grassland ecosystem which is used for grazing of ungulate livestock as part of a farm or ranch. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasture grazing area Geonames:feature A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. canyon canyons EcoLexicon:submarine_canyon FTT:421 Geonames:U.CNSU Geonames:U.CNYU TGN:23415 TGN:23416 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_canyon SubmarineCanyon undersea canyon ENVO undersea ravine ENVO:00000267 submarine canyon ENVO:00000267 A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_canyon canyon Geonames:feature canyons Geonames:feature SubmarineCanyon NASA:earthrealm undersea canyon Getty:TGN undersea ravine Getty:TGN ENVO:00000268 The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. FTT:221 FTT:804 lake bottom lake lake bed The ground surface that lies beneath a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. island FTT:147 FTT:890 Geonames:T.ISLT TGN:21511 ENVO land-tied island ENVO:00000269 land-tied island ENVO:00000269 A continental island connected to its adjacent land by a natural feature, such as a causeway. MA:ma island ADL:FTT land-tied island Geonames:feature A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. FTT:245 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_pond ENVO lake ENVO:00000270 beaver pond ENVO:00000270 A pond that has formed as a consequence of the activities of beavers, building a beaver dam. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. FTT:477 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chott shott ENVO ENVO:00000271 chott ENVO:00000271 A dry (salt) lake in the Saharan area of Africa that stays dry in the summer, but receive some water in the winter. This water may come as a groundwater discharge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chott The point where a tributary joins a more major river. stream EcoLexicon:confluence FTT:105 FTT:531 Geonames:H.CNFL TGN:21160 TGN:21381 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence ENVO stream junction ENVO:00000272 confluence ENVO:00000272 The point where a tributary joins a more major river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence stream Geonames:feature stream junction Getty:TGN ENVO:00000273 A slope which 1) is part of the seafloor and 2) extends from the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break) to the continental rise. EcoLexicon:continental_slope FTT:536 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_slope continental slope A slope which 1) is part of the seafloor and 2) extends from the end of the continental shelf (the shelf break) to the continental rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin ENVO:00000274 A slope which a) bridges, and thus lies between, a continental slope and an abyssal plain, b) is formed by the accumulation of sediments transported from a continental slope by processes including turbidity currents c) has a gradient less than a continental slope yet greater than a continental shelf. FTT:534 Geonames:U.CRSU TGN:23110 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_rise On Earth, the gradient of the continental rise is on the order of 0.5-1. It may extend as far as 500 kilometers from the slope, continental rise A slope which a) bridges, and thus lies between, a continental slope and an abyssal plain, b) is formed by the accumulation of sediments transported from a continental slope by processes including turbidity currents c) has a gradient less than a continental slope yet greater than a continental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. EcoLexicon:deep_sea_trench FTT:1021 FTT:609 FTT:610 Geonames:U.TRGU Geonames:U.TRNU SWEETRealm:Trench TGN:23462 TGN:23464 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_trench Trench deep sea trench ENVO deep undersea trench ENVO:00000275 ocean trench ENVO:00000275 Hemispheric-scale long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor. They are the deepest parts of the ocean floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_trench Trench NASA:earthrealm deep USGS:SDTS undersea trench Getty:TGN An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. EcoLexicon:drumlin FTT:647 TGN:21411 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin ENVO mount ridge ENVO:00000276 drumlin ENVO:00000276 An elongated whale-shaped hill formed by glacial action. Its long axis is parallel with the movement of the ice, with the blunter end facing into the glacial movement. Drumlins are sometimes compared to kames, but their formation is distinctively different. A drumlin is not originally shaped by meltwater, but by the ice itself and has a quite regular shape. It occurs in fine grained material, such as clay or shale, not in sands and gravels. And drumlins usually have concentric layers of material, as the ice successively plasters new layers in its movement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000277 A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. lake FTT:650 Geonames:H.LBED SWEETRealm:DryLake TGN:21117 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_lake lake bed Classes like this pose a logical problem. This probably shouldn't be a lake (water body) but a depression. Lakes which have temporarily lost water should be distinguished from permanently dry lakes. dry lake A lake that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake bed Geonames:feature A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. FTT:105 FTT:651 Geonames:T.SBED ENVO dry stream bed ENVO:00000278 dry stream ENVO:00000278 A stream channel through which no water flows and which has dried, containing no appreciable accumulations of water. MA:ma dry stream bed ADL:FTT dry stream bed Geonames:feature A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. EcoLexicon:salt_pan Geonames:L.SALT SWEETRealm:SaltFlat TGN:21459 TGN:21506 SALT PAN salt pan ENVO salt area salt flat ENVO:00000279 saline pan ENVO:00000279 A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pan_%28geology%29 SALT PAN USGS:SDTS salt area Geonames:feature salt area Getty:TGN salt flat Getty:TGN ENVO:00000280 A slope which separates different physiogeographic provinces that are typically composed of rocks of different age and compositoin. EcoLexicon:scarp FTT:490 FTT:596 Geonames:T.CUET Geonames:T.SCRP TGN:21489 TGN:21500 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment scarp cliff cuesta An escarpment usually represents the line of erosional loss of the newer rock over the older. escarpment A slope which separates different physiogeographic provinces that are typically composed of rocks of different age and compositoin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment cliff USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta Geonames:feature cuesta Getty:TGN ENVO:00000281 An escarpment resulting from a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_escarpment fault escarpment An escarpment resulting from a fault. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. FTT:673 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker ENVO ridge ENVO:00000282 esker ENVO:00000282 A long, winding ridge of stratified sand and gravel which occur in glaciated and formerly glaciated regions of Europe and North America. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esker ridge ADL:FTT ridge USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000283 A long and narrow elevation with steep sides. EcoLexicon:beach_cusp EcoLexicon:crest FTT:1176 FTT:1177 FTT:154 FTT:155 FTT:236 FTT:596 FTT:809 FTT:844 Geonames:T.RDGE SWEETRealm:Ridge TGN:21366 TGN:21491 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge RIDGE Ridge beach cusp beach ridge icecap ridge rise (seafloor) arete crest cuesta hogback ridge spur spur (physiographic) ridge A long and narrow elevation with steep sides. USGS:SDTS RIDGE USGS:SDTS Ridge NASA:earthrealm beach cusp USGS:SDTS beach ridge ADL:FTT beach ridge USGS:SDTS icecap ridge ADL:FTT rise (seafloor) ADL:FTT arete ADL:FTT arete USGS:SDTS crest USGS:SDTS cuesta ADL:FTT cuesta USGS:SDTS hogback ADL:FTT ridge Geonames:feature spur Getty:TGN spur (physiographic) ADL:FTT An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. EcoLexicon:quarry FTT:14 FTT:974 Geonames:S.MNQR TGN:54217 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO ENVO:00000284 quarry ENVO:00000284 An open-pit mine from which rock or minerals are extracted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarry ENVO:00000285 A bed which is composed of quicksand forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. quicksand bed A bed which is composed of quicksand forming a soft, shifting mass that yields easily to pressure. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksand ENVO:00000286 An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:polder FTT:1070 FTT:96 Geonames:T.PLDR TGN:21522 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polder polder An area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining. Geonames:feature physiographic feature ADL:FTT ENVO:00000287 An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. plateau FTT:376 Geonames:T.BUTE SWEETRealm:Butte TGN:21443 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butte butte An isolated hill with steep sides and a small flat top, smaller than mesas and plateaus. Buttes are formed by erosion when a cap of hard rock, usually of volcanic origin, covers a layer of softer rock that is easily worn away. This hard rock avoids erosion while the rock around it wears down. ADL:FTT plateau USGS:SDTS agricultural site FTT:45 FTT:53 Geonames:ESTC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_plantation ENVO ENVO:00000288 cotton plantation ENVO:00000288 agricultural site ADL:FTT ENVO:00000289 The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. horst The raised fault block bounded by normal faults. The raised block is a portion of the Earth's crust that has remained stationary while the land has sunk on either side of it or has been crushed by a mountain range against it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst_%28geology%29 ENVO:00000290 A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. FTT:682 SWEETRealm:FaultZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben fault zone graben A depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. A graben is the result of a block of land being downthrown producing a valley with a distinct scarp on each side. Grabens often occur side-by-side with horsts. Horst and graben structures are indicative of tensional forces and crustal stretching. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graben fault zone ADL:FTT ENVO:00000291 An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. EcoLexicon:basin EcoLexicon:drainage_basin FTT:220 FTT:440 Geonames:L.BSND LTER:58 SWEETRealm:DrainageBasin TGN:21455 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin CATCHMENT Catchment Watershed catchment drainage basin watershed drainage basin An extent or area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point at lower elevation, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_basin Basin NASA:earthrealm CATCHMENT USGS:SDTS Catchment NASA:earthrealm Watershed NASA:earthrealm catchment ADL:FTT catchment USGS:SDTS drainage basin Geonames:feature watershed ADL:FTT ENVO:00000292 The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. FTT:220 FTT:645 Geonames:T.DVD LTER:626 SWEETRealm:Watershed TGN:21440 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed divide water divide RIDGE LINE divide drainage basin watershed The separation between neighbouring drainage basins (catchments). In hilly country, the divide lies along topographical peaks and ridges, but in flat country or on a high plateau (especially where the ground is marshy) the divide may be invisible - just a more or less notional line on the ground on either side of which falling raindrops will start a journey to different rivers, and even to different sides of a country or continent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_divide divide Geonames:feature RIDGE LINE USGS:SDTS divide Getty:TGN drainage basin ADL:FTT A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. FTT:533 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_divide ENVO ENVO:00000293 continental divide ENVO:00000293 A watershed such that water falling on one side of the line eventually travels to one ocean or body of water, and water on the other side travels to another, generally on the opposite side of the continent. MA:ma ENVO:00000294 A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. FTT:123 FTT:694 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farm aquacultural site fishery fish farm A facility in which fish are raised commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_farm aquacultural site ADL:FTT fishery ADL:FTT ENVO:00000295 A hatchery in which the eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. FTT:695 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hatchery fish hatchery A hatchery in which the eggs of fish are hatched under artificial conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatchery A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. FTT:45 FTT:70 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_field ENVO agricultural site cropland rice paddy ENVO:00000296 rice field ENVO:00000296 A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. MA:ma agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000297 A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_field paddy field A flooded parcel of arable land used for growing rice and other semiaquatic crops. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_paddy ENVO:00000298 A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. EcoLexicon:iceberg FTT:758 FTT:838 TGN:21142 ICEBERG Iceberg arched iceberg glacial berg glacial iceberg iceberg marine iceberg A large mass of detached land ice in the sea or stranded in shallow water. USGS:SDTS ICEBERG USGS:SDTS Iceberg NASA:earthrealm arched iceberg USGS:SDTS glacial berg USGS:SDTS glacial iceberg USGS:SDTS iceberg ISBN:978-0-07-045258-9 http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4132 ENVO:00000299 A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. FTT:758 FTT:835 FTT:836 FTT:837 FTT:838 FTT:839 FTT:840 FTT:841 FTT:842 SWEETRealm:IceField TGN:21147 ice patch iceberg icefall IceSheet ice field ice sheet icecap Ice mass may need to be resolved from ice field, the former referring simply to an accumulation of ice. ice field A field of ice, formed in regions of perennial frost. ADL:FTT ice patch ADL:FTT iceberg ADL:FTT icefall ADL:FTT IceSheet NASA:earthrealm ice field ADL:FTT ice sheet ADL:FTT icecap ADL:FTT ENVO:00000300 Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. FTT:1191 FTT:262 FTT:374 FTT:473 FTT:792 FTT:991 Geonames:V.SCRB SWEETRealm:Scrub TGN:21644 TGN:21652 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrubland scrubland bush chaparal area heath scrub shrubland scrubland area Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees. ADL:FTT scrubland Geonames:feature bush ADL:FTT bush Getty:TGN chaparal area ADL:FTT heath ADL:FTT scrub USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT shrubland USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000301 A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. FTT:473 SPIRE:Chaparral chaparal area maquis woodland chaparral area A shrubland area found primarily in regions with a Mediterranean climate (mid, wet winters and hot dry summers) often shaped by wildfires. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaparral chaparal area ADL:FTT maquis USGS:SDTS woodland USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000302 A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where a planet's lithosphere is being pulled apart by tectonic forces. FTT:684 SWEETRealm:RiftValley RiftValley rift zone rift valley A valley created by the formation of a rift, i.e. place where a planet's lithosphere is being pulled apart by tectonic forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift_valley RiftValley NASA:earthrealm rift zone ADL:FTT ENVO:00000303 The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. EcoLexicon:coast EcoLexicon:sea_coast FTT:500 Geonames:L.CST SPIRE:Coastal SPIRE:Littoral SWEETRealm:CoastalRegion TGN:21483 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast coast line coastal area coastline sea coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from the sea inland to the first major change in terrain features. USGS:SDTS coastal area USGS:SDTS coastline USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000304 That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. coastal zone EcoLexicon:shore FTT:240 FTT:503 FTT:504 Geonames:T.SHOR SWEETRealm:Shore TGN:21481 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shore shoreface beach face foreshore inshore rivage seashore strand shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a body of water including the area between high and low water lines. USGS:SDTS coastal zone ADL:FTT shoreface USGS:SDTS beach face USGS:SDTS foreshore USGS:SDTS inshore USGS:SDTS rivage USGS:SDTS seashore USGS:SDTS strand USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000305 A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. EcoLexicon:peninsula FTT:253 FTT:422 FTT:423 FTT:424 FTT:425 Geonames:T.CAPE Geonames:T.HDLD Geonames:T.PEN Geonames:T.PROM Geonames:T.PT Geonames:T.PTS SWEETRealm:Point TGN:21462 TGN:21463 TGN:21464 TGN:21476 TGN:21477 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peninsula cape foreland head headland hook neck ness point point (physiographic) points promontgory promontory tongue winged headland peninsula A body of land jutting out into and nearly surrounded by water. USGS:SDTS cape ADL:FTT cape Geonames:feature cape Getty:TGN foreland USGS:SDTS head USGS:SDTS headland ADL:FTT headland Geonames:feature headland Getty:TGN headland USGS:SDTS hook USGS:SDTS neck USGS:SDTS point Geonames:feature point Getty:TGN point USGS:SDTS point (physiographic) ADL:FTT points Geonames:feature promontgory Geonames:feature promontory Getty:TGN promontory USGS:SDTS tongue USGS:SDTS winged headland USGS:SDTS A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. EcoLexicon:spit FTT:210 Geonames:T.SPIT SWEETRealm:Spit TGN:21465 ENVO bar spit ENVO:00000306 spit ENVO:00000306 A deposition landform found off coasts. A spit is a type of bar or beach that develops where a re-entrant occurs, such as at a cove, bay, ria, or river mouth. Spits are formed by the movement of sediment (typically sand) along a shore by a process known as longshore drift. Where the direction of the shore turns inland (reenters) the longshore current spreads out or dissipates. No longer able to carry the full load, much of the sediment is dropped. This causes a bar to build out from the shore, eventually becoming a spit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spit_%28landform%29 bar USGS:SDTS spit Geonames:feature ENVO:00000307 A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow, a chaotic crevassed surface, and a pronounced, at times vertical, slope. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 FTT:758 FTT:842 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall ice fall ice-fall Icefalls may be formed as glaciers flow through narrow openings in landmasses. icefall A portion of a glacier characterized by rapid flow, a chaotic crevassed surface, and a pronounced, at times vertical, slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icefall A valley or trough between two dunes. FTT:652 Geonames:T.TRGD interdune trough ENVO ENVO:00000308 dune slack ENVO:00000308 A valley or trough between two dunes. MA:ma interdune trough ADL:FTT interdune trough Geonames:feature ENVO:00000309 A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. Clarify that this pertains to the planetary crust and create superclass for general topological depressions. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 depression EcoLexicon:depression FTT:175 FTT:215 FTT:216 Geonames:T.DPR Geonames:T.PAN Geonames:T.PANS SWEETRealm:Depression TGN:21454 TGN:21497 TGN:21521 barrier basin depression non tidal basin pan pan (geologic) pans tidal basin depressed landform A landform sunken or depressed below the surrounding area. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_%28geology%29 barrier basin USGS:SDTS depression Geonames:feature non tidal basin USGS:SDTS pan Geonames:feature pan Getty:TGN pan (geologic) ADL:FTT pans Geonames:feature tidal basin USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000310 A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater meteorite crater meteorite impact crater meteoroid impact crater For the moment, no distinction is made between meteroids, lithometeors, or meteorites in this class. These can be added if needed. meteor impact crater A crater caused by the impact of a meteor. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater ENVO:00000311 A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. basin kettle hole kettle A fluvioglacial landform occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming partially to wholly buried by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when sediment laden streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and are deposited to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, holes are left in the sandur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettle_%28geology%29 basin USGS:SDTS The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur ENVO outwash plain ENVO:00000312 sandur ENVO:00000312 The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandur ENVO:00000313 A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. EcoLexicon:blowout FTT:267 Geonames:T.BLOW TGN:21448 blowout A sandy depression in a sand dune ecosystem (psammosere) caused by the removal of sediments by wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowout_%28geology%29 ENVO:00000314 A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. EcoLexicon:alluvial_fan FTT:94 FTT:95 Geonames:T.FAN SWEETRealm:AlluvialFan TGN:21421 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan fan (alluvial) fan alluvial fan A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan fan (alluvial) ADL:FTT fan Geonames:feature A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. FTT:188 FTT:191 SWEETRealm:Bajada https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajada ENVO desert ENVO:00000315 bajada ENVO:00000315 A convergence of neighboring alluvial fans into a single apron of deposits against a slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan desert ADL:FTT ENVO:00000316 The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. coastal zone EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone littoral zone Very similar to the "marine eulittoral zone" class, but without reference to seasonal tide marks. Some sources make no distinction between these zones, thus, they are currently related synonyms. intertidal zone The area of the foreshore and seabed that is exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide, i.e., the area between tide marks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000317 Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. EcoLexicon:tidal_pool https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_pool tidal pool Pools formed as a high tide comes in over a rocky shore. Water fills depressions in the ground, which turn into isolated pools as the tide retreats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide_pool ENVO:00000318 The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. upper littoral high tide zone The tide zone that is flooded during high tide only, and is a highly saline environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone ENVO:00000319 The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. lower littoral low tide zone The tidal zone that is mostly submerged, only being exposed at the point of low tide and for a longer period of time during extremely low tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone ENVO:00000320 A deep fissure in snow or ice. FTT:489 FTT:594 FTT:702 Geonames:T.FSR TGN:21415 TGN:21416 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crevasse CREVASSE cleft fissure crevasse A deep fissure in snow or ice. USGS:SDTS CREVASSE USGS:SDTS cleft ADL:FTT cleft Getty:TGN fissure Getty:TGN A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. ENVO ENVO:00000321 joint-plane cave ENVO:00000321 A cavity developed along a joint and elongate in cross-section. wiki:http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave formed in volcanic rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cave ENVO lava cave ENVO:00000322 "Lave cave" is differentiated from "volcanic cave": the former is formed in volcanic rock, the latter is formed by volcanic processes. volcanic cave ENVO:00000322 A cave formed in volcanic rock. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. ENVO ENVO:00000323 live cave ENVO:00000323 A cave containing a stream or active speleothems. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. ENVO ENVO:00000324 outflow cave ENVO:00000324 A cave from which a stream flows or formerly did so and which cannot be followed upstream to the surface. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html ENVO:00000325 A large closed depression draining underground, with a flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. EcoLexicon:polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polje polje A large closed depression draining underground, with a flat floor across which there may be an intermittent or perennial stream and which may be liable to flood and become a lake. The floor makes a sharp break with parts of surrounding slopes. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cave ENVO ENVO:00000326 sea cave ENVO:00000326 A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html ENVO:00000327 A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. EcoLexicon:speleothem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem speleothem A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speleothem ENVO:00000328 An interface layer which 1) is primarily composed of solid materials, 2) separates the land surface and phreatic zone, and 3) contains groundwater at atmospheric pressure. unsaturated zone If the vadose zone includes portions of soil, the water contained therein is termed soil moisture. In fine grained soils, capillary action can cause the pores of the soil to be fully saturated above the water table at a pressure less than atmospheric. In such soils, therefore, the unsaturated zone is the upper section of the vadose zone and not identical to it. vadose zone An interface layer which 1) is primarily composed of solid materials, 2) separates the land surface and phreatic zone, and 3) contains groundwater at atmospheric pressure. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone unsaturated zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadose_zone ENVO:00000329 A compound astronomical body part which is located beneath the land surface and in which all interstices are filled with water that has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone zone of saturation phreatic zone A compound astronomical body part which is located beneath the land surface and in which all interstices are filled with water that has a hydraulic head greater than atmospheric pressure due to the weight of overlying groundwater. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone zone of saturation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phreatic_zone A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalagmite ENVO ENVO:00000330 stalagmite ENVO:00000330 A speleothem projecting vertically upwards from a cave floor and formed by precipitation from drips. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalactite ENVO ENVO:00000331 stalactite ENVO:00000331 A speleothem hanging downwards from a roof or wall, of cylindrical or conical form, usually with a central hollow tube. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html ENVO:00000332 A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doline doline A closed depression draining underground in karst, of simple but variable form, e.g. cylindrical, conical, bowl- or dish-shaped. From a few to many hundreds of metres in dimensions. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. ENVO ENVO:00000333 subjacent karst ENVO:00000333 Karst developed in soluble beds underlying other rock formations; the surface may or may not be affected by the karst development. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. ENVO ENVO:00000334 syngenetic karst ENVO:00000334 Karst developed in eolian calcarenite when the development of karst features has taken place at the same time as the lithification of dune sand. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. ENVO ENVO:00000335 polygonal karst ENVO:00000335 Karst completely pitted by closed depressions so that divides between them form a crudely polygonal network. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. ENVO ENVO:00000336 doline karst ENVO:00000336 Karst dominated by closed depressions, chiefly dolines, perforating a simple surface. http://wasg.iinet.net.au/terminol.html FOODON:00001001 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_juice ENVO ENVO:00000337 Added for compatibility with GEMINA. obsolete orange juice true ENVO:00000337 ENVO:00000338 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vomit, a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. vomit material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vomit, a bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach of an organism disgorged through the mouth or nose. ENVOC:nm GEMINA:ls https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomit ENVO:00000339 A mass of solid material which is composed primarily of rock. FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS TGN:21444 piece of rock ENVO:00000340 A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. grain of sand granule of sand sand granule In general, sand grains are larger than those of silt, but finer than those of gravel. particle of sand A particle which 1) is composed primarily of and derived from rock or mineral sources and 2) is or was part of a portion of sand. ENVO:00000341 A piece of rock which is between two and 64 millimetres in length along its largest dimension. Arguably, this could be placed in the "particle" hierarchy, but is usually considered too large in everyday semantics. piece of gravel A piece of rock which is between two and 64 millimetres in length along its largest dimension. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel ENVO:00000342 A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. ice mass FTT:758 FTT:840 Geonames:H.DOMG TGN:21144 icecap dome icecap dome ice cap dome A comparatively elevated area on an icecap. Geonames:feature ice mass ADL:FTT icecap dome Geonames:feature icecap dome ADL:FTT ENVO:00000343 A particle which 1) is primarily composed of quartz or feldspar and 2) is or was part of a portion of silt. grain of silt granule of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of silt The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. ENVO:00000344 grain of desert sand ENVO:00000345 grain of beach sand ENVO:00000346 grain of acid dune sand ENVO:00000347 grain of sea sand ENVO:00000348 grain of rocky sand A terrarium is a vivarium which simulates a terrestrial environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrarium ENVO ENVO:00000349 terrarium ENVO:00000349 A terrarium is a vivarium which simulates a terrestrial environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somma_volcano ENVO ENVO:00000350 This may be more a subclass of 'caldera' somma volcano ENVO:00000350 A volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone. wiki:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somma A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc ENVO ENVO:00000351 volcanic arc ENVO:00000351 A chain of volcanic islands or mountains formed by plate tectonics as an oceanic tectonic plate subducts under another tectonic plate and produces magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. ENVO ENVO:00000352 continental arc ENVO:00000352 A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust below continental crust. wiki:http\://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. EcoLexicon:island_arc SWEETRealm:IslandArc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_arc ENVO ENVO:00000353 island arc ENVO:00000353 A volcanic arc formed by the subduction of oceanic crust other oceanic crust on an adjacent tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_arc ENVO:00000354 A geothermal field which is prone to localized volcanic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field volcanic complex volcanic group volcanic system volcanic field A geothermal field which is prone to localized volcanic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_field ENVO:00000355 A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field monogenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of small, scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous monogenetic volcanoes, are noted for having only one short eruptive event. Monogenetic fields occur only where the magma supply to the volcano is low or where vents are not close enough or large enough to develop plumbing systems for continuous feeding of magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monogenetic_volcanic_field A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone pyroclastic dome ENVO ENVO:00000356 pyroclastic cone ENVO:00000356 A cone made of material ejected from a volcano. The material can range from finest particles. In comparison, cinder cones are more uniform. They are usually found in or on larger features, such as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and can be found inside calderas, however they can also be an independent feature. They can range from a few metres in height and are usually formed by a single eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_cone A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. EcoLexicon:lock ENVO ENVO:00000357 lock ENVO:00000357 A device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber whose water level can be varied. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lock_%28water_transport%29 ENVO:00000358 An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. protected area This class needs revision. Protected areas may be designated for multiple uses, and more clarity is needed. Further, the protections applied to the entities within the site may not prioritise biodiversity conservation. At a very general level, "protection" suggests that some forms of use are, in principle, excluded. area of protected biodiversity An area of land or of a body of water in which management practices, through legal or other effective means, prioritise the protection and maintenance of biological diversity, and of natural and associated cultural resources. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_area ENVO:00000359 A natural environment which has been designated by a competent authority as having outstanding or unique value because of its rarity, aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. monument The commemorative value may be associated with one or more components of the environment in question, such as a mountain, tree, or river. natural monument A natural environment which has been designated by a competent authority as having outstanding or unique value because of its rarity, aesthetic qualities, or cultural significance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Monument ENVO:00000360 A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. national forest area of national forest A protected forest or woodland area in the United States. National forests are controlled by the federal government and managed by the United States Forest Service, under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Forest ENVO:00000361 A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. Area of Special Scientific Interest SSSI site of special scientific interest A conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom. SSSIs are the basic 'building block' of nature conservation legislation and most other legal nature/geological conservation designations are based upon them, including National Nature Reserves, Ramsar Sites, Special Protection Areas, and Special Areas of Conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSSI ENVO:00000362 A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. marine park marine park area A protected area of the sea usually established to preserve a specific habitat and ensure the ecosystem is sustained for the organisms that exist there. Most marine parks are designated by governments, and organized like watery national parks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_park ENVO:00000363 A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. natural preserve natural reserve nature preserve nature reserve area designated as a nature reserve A protected area of importance for wildlife, flora, fauna or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research. Nature reserves may be designated by government institutions in some countries, such as the United Kingdom, or by private landowners, such as charities and research institutions, regardless of nationality. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_reserve ENVO:00000364 A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. national wildlife refuge A designation for certain protected areas of the United States managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The National Wildlife Refuge system is a network of lands and waters managed to protect wildlife and wildlife habitat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Wildlife_Refuge ENVO:00000365 A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). Ramsar site A wetland protected by the terms of the Ramsar Convention (The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsar_Convention ENVO:00000366 An area of protected biodiversity which is of national significance for biological or Earth science interest. national nature reserve Used as a designation in the United Kingdom. area designated as a national nature reserve An area of protected biodiversity which is of national significance for biological or Earth science interest. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Nature_Reserve ENVO:00000367 An IUCN protected area which 1) primarily consists of ecosystems which are able to maintain their natural composition, structure, and function at a regional scale and which are deemed to be representative of a region's natural bio- and geodiversity, 2) is sufficiently large to allow its constituent ecosystems to function, develop, and recover from natural perturbations without human intervention, and 3) is managed to preserve natural ecosystem integrity and functioning at a regional scale, while allowing human access for the purposes of conservation, cultural and spiritural activities, research, education, tourism, subsistence use by indigenous communities, and recreation. national park IUCN-PACS:II Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas often serve as migration corridors between other natural and semi-natural ecosystems and pools of biodiversity. They may have core zones that are similar to IUCN Protected Area classes Ia and Ib. IUCN national park An IUCN protected area which 1) primarily consists of ecosystems which are able to maintain their natural composition, structure, and function at a regional scale and which are deemed to be representative of a region's natural bio- and geodiversity, 2) is sufficiently large to allow its constituent ecosystems to function, develop, and recover from natural perturbations without human intervention, and 3) is managed to preserve natural ecosystem integrity and functioning at a regional scale, while allowing human access for the purposes of conservation, cultural and spiritural activities, research, education, tourism, subsistence use by indigenous communities, and recreation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_park https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park national park https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park IUCN-PACS:II https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas often serve as migration corridors between other natural and semi-natural ecosystems and pools of biodiversity. They may have core zones that are similar to IUCN Protected Area classes Ia and Ib. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ii-national-park An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. ENVO ENVO:00000368 ephemeral island ENVO:00000368 An island, usually the consequence of the activity of a submarine volcano, that only exists for a short period or short periods of time after its formation, then being eroded or otherwise disappearing beneath the surface of a body of water. MA:ma MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool. ENVO:01000060 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_pool marine brine pool ENVO ENVO:00000369 brine pool ENVO:00000369 MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A large area of brine on the ocean basin near cold seep vents which release methane into the water. These pools are concentrations of water having an extremely high salinity as compared to the surrounding ocean, caused by the motion of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: Marine brine pools are large areas of brine on the ocean basin. These pools are bodies of water that have a salinity three to five times greater than the surrounding ocean. For deep-sea brine pools the source of the salt is the dissolution of large salt deposits through salt tectonics. The brine often contains high concentrations of methane, providing energy to chemosynthetic animals that live near the pool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_pool A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya ENVO ENVO:00000370 tuya ENVO:00000370 A distinctive, flat-topped, steep-sided volcano formed when lava erupts through a thick glacier or ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuya ENVO:00000371 A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_volcano compound volcano complex volcano A volcano with more than one feature. They form because changes of their eruptive characteristics or the location of multiple vents in an area. Stratovolcanoes may form complex volcanoes, because they may overlap another from explosive eruptions, lava flows, pyroclastic flows and by repeated eruptions, to make multiple summits and vents. Stratovolcanoes could also form a large caldera that gets filled in by multiple small cinder cones, lava domes and craters may also develop on the caldera's rim. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_volcano A shield volcano that is formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. ignimbrite shield volcano terrestrial ignimbrite shield ENVO ENVO:00000372 pyroclastic shield volcano ENVO:00000372 A shield volcano that is formed mostly of pyroclastic and highly explosive eruptions rather than relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano. They typically display low-angle flank slopes and have little or no central collapse, although a shallow sag in the shield is commonly observed. Lava is commonly extruded after the cessation of explosive activity commonly superposes the vent region. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyroclastic_shield ENVO:00000373 An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. obsolete geothermal field true An area where wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. wiki:http://www.webref.org/geology/g/geothermal_field.htm ENVO:00000374 A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. wildlife management area A protected area with the purpose of protecting and managing wild life. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_management_area ENVO:00000375 A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. world heritage site A protected area that is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_heritage_site ENVO:00000376 An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserve biosphere reserve An international conservation designation given by UNESCO under its Programme on Man and the Biosphere (MAB). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_reserve ENVO:00000377 A lake purposefully constructed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_lake artificial lake A lake purposefully constructed. MA:ma A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. ENVO ENVO:00000378 canal head reservoir ENVO:00000378 A reservoir constructed for the purpose of maintaining water levels in a canal or canals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir ENVO:00000379 The disposition of an environmental system to be covered by liquid water. 2019-10-29T15:44:41Z flooding disposition inundation disposition ENVO:00000380 An ice mass which 1) is attached to the coast 2) at least 2 meters in thickness 3) forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface and 4) grows by annual snow accumulation or by the seaward extension of land glaciers. SWEETRealm:IceShelf http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceShelf An ice shelf may grow hundreds of miles out to sea. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. Ice shelves are much thicker than sea ice often filling embayments in the coastline of an ice sheet.. Currently, nearly all ice shelves are in Antarctica, where most of the ice discharged into the ocean flows via ice shelves. The mass balance of an ice shelf may have significant components of both gain and loss at the base. The seaward edge is termed an ice front. The calving of an ice shelf forms tabular icebergs and ice islands. ice shelf An ice mass which 1) is attached to the coast 2) at least 2 meters in thickness 3) forms where a glacier or ice mass flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface and 4) grows by annual snow accumulation or by the seaward extension of land glaciers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_shelf https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 An ice shelf may grow hundreds of miles out to sea. Usually of great horizontal extent and with a level or gently undulating surface. Nourished by annual snow accumulation and also by the seaward extension of land glaciers. Limited areas may be aground. Ice shelves are much thicker than sea ice often filling embayments in the coastline of an ice sheet.. Currently, nearly all ice shelves are in Antarctica, where most of the ice discharged into the ocean flows via ice shelves. The mass balance of an ice shelf may have significant components of both gain and loss at the base. The seaward edge is termed an ice front. The calving of an ice shelf forms tabular icebergs and ice islands. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:00000381 A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. EcoLexicon:massif FTT:946 TGN:21435 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif massif A section of the Earths's crust that is demarcated by faults or flexures. In the movement of the crust, a massif tends to retain its internal structure while being displaced as a whole. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massif ENVO:00000382 That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. TGN:21484 lakeshore lake shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a lake. MA:ma lakeshore Getty:TGN ENVO:00000383 The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. FTT:651 Geonames:H.STMB TGN:21165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed stream bottom dry stream bed stream channel stream bed The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed dry stream bed ADL:FTT stream channel Getty:TGN stream channel USGS:SDTS The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. watercourse EcoLexicon:river_bed_structure SWEETRealm:RiverBed TGN:21154 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_bed river bottom ENVO ENVO:00000384 river bed ENVO:00000384 The channel bottom of a river; the physical confine of the normal water flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed watercourse USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000385 The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. stream FTT:105 FTT:1222 Geonames:H.STMM stream mouth The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea. Geonames:feature stream ADL:FTT ENVO:00000386 The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. TGN:21156 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_mouth river mouth The end of a stream where it enters a standing water body such as a lake, sea or ocean. MA:ma ENVO:00000387 A depression which intermittently contains a lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:875 Geonames:H.LKI Geonames:H.LKSI TGN:21118 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_lake intermittent lake intermittent lakes This has been moved from the lake hierarchy. container of an intermittent lake A depression which intermittently contains a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT intermittent lake Geonames:feature intermittent lakes Geonames:feature A watercourse whose flow is not continuous. TGN:21111 ENVO ENVO:00000388 obsolete intermittent watercourse true ENVO:00000388 A watercourse whose flow is not continuous. MA:ma ENVO:00000389 A wetland ecosystem which is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. In a strict sense, this class cannot always satisfy the subclass axiom of wetland, requiring soil to always have a wet quality. Perhaps this should be treated more like channel of an intermittent stream. FTT:85 FTT:883 Geonames:H.WTLDI TGN:21306 intermittent wetland A wetland ecosystem which is sometimes inundated or saturated by surface or ground water sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. MA:ma ENVO:00000390 A spur which is part of a mountain. mountain spur An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. TGN:21478 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge ENVO ENVO:00000391 land bridge ENVO:00000391 An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses which allows animals and plants to cross and colonise new lands. Land bridges are commonly created by regression, in which sea levels fall exposing previously submerged sections of continental shelf. Land bridges are also formed by: (a) upthrust at the edge of continental plates; and (b) glacial retreat alleviating pressure on shallow marine formations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_bridge ENVO:00000392 A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. TGN:21143 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue glacier tongue glacial tongue ice tongue A long and narrow sheet of ice projecting out from the coastline. An ice tongue forms when a valley glacier moves very rapidly out into the ocean or a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_tongue glacial tongue USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000393 A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. EcoLexicon:sound FTT:233 FTT:469 Geonames:H.SD SWEETRealm:Sound TGN:21129 sound A large sea or ocean inlet larger than a bay, deeper than a bight, wider than a fjord, or it may identify a narrow sea or ocean channel between two bodies of land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_%28geography%29 ENVO:00000394 A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. channel watercourse EcoLexicon:strait FTT:233 FTT:470 Geonames:H.STRT SWEETRealm:Strait TGN:21132 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait strait A narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strait channel ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000395 A depressed landform which physically confines a river, slough or ocean strait, and which consists of a bed and banks. We need a more general channel definition, the current is only for water course channels. We need to refactor the semantics of channels, tunnels and conduits, in a similar way to uberon anatomical channels http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0004111. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/147 EcoLexicon:channel EcoLexicon:sea_channel FTT:1192 FTT:233 FTT:461 FTT:462 FTT:463 FTT:464 FTT:465 FTT:466 FTT:468 FTT:469 FTT:470 Geonames:H.CHN Geonames:U.SCNU Geonames:U.SCSU SWEETRealm:Channel TGN:21137 TGN:23451 channel of a watercourse A depressed landform which physically confines a river, slough or ocean strait, and which consists of a bed and banks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28geography%29 ENVO:00000396 A channel of a watercourse which contains marine water. FTT:233 FTT:465 Geonames:H.CHNM TGN:21186 marine channel ENVO:00000397 A channel of a watercourse which contains lake water. FTT:233 FTT:464 Geonames:H.CHNL TGN:21185 lake channel ENVO:00000398 Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. cone FTT:530 Geonames:T.CONE SWEETRealm:VolcanicCone TGN:21418 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone lava cone cone (geological) volcanic cone Built by fragments (called ejecta) thrown up (ejected) from a volcanic vent, piling up around the vent in the shape of a cone with a central crater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone cone Geonames:feature cone Getty:TGN lava cone USGS:SDTS cone (geological) ADL:FTT A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_cone ENVO ENVO:00000399 ash cone ENVO:00000399 A cone that is composed of particles of silt to sand size. Explosive eruptions from a vent where the magma is interacting with groundwater or the sea (as in an eruption off the coast) produce steam and are called phreatic. The interaction between the magma, expanding steam, and volcanic gases results in the ejection of mostly small particles called ash. Fallen ash has the consistency of flour. The unconsolidated ash forms an ash cone which becomes a tuff cone or tuff ring once the ash consolidates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. SWEETRealm:CinderCone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinder_cone ENVO mount ENVO:00000400 cinder cone ENVO:00000400 A cone built almost entirely of loose volcanic fragments called cinders (pumice, pyroclastics, or tephra). They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone. Most cinder cones have a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone mount USGS:SDTS A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. SWEETRealm:SpatterCone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatter_cone ENVO ENVO:00000401 spatter cone ENVO:00000401 A volcanic cone formed of molten lava ejected from a vent somewhat like taffy. Expanding gases in the lava fountains tear the liquid rock into irregular gobs that fall back to earth, forming a heap around the vent. The still partly liquid rock splashed down and over the sides of the developing mound is called spatter. Because spatter is not fully solid when it lands, the individual deposits are very irregular in shape and weld together as they cool, and in this way particularly differ from cinder and ash. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_cone ENVO:00000402 A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. EcoLexicon:mud_volcano https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_volcano mud volcano A volcano created by geologically excreted liquids and gases, although there are several different processes which may cause such activity. Temperatures are much cooler than igneous processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud_volcano ENVO:00000403 A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano mount shield volcano A large volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shield_volcano mount USGS:SDTS A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano ENVO composite volcano ENVO:00000404 stratovolcano ENVO:00000404 A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far. The source magma of this rock is classified as acidic, or high in silica to intermediate (rhyolite, dacite, or andesite). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratovolcano An underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt. ENVO:00000264 ENVO ENVO:00000405 obsolete submarine volcano true ENVO:00000405 An underwater fissures in the earth's surface from which magma can erupt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_volcano ENVO:00000406 An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. EcoLexicon:oceanic_ridge TGN:23151 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge OceanRidge mid-ocean ridge An underwater mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates meet at a divergent boundary. The mid-ocean ridges of the world are connected and form a single global mid-oceanic ridge system that is part of every ocean. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge OceanRidge NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000407 A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_volcano tuya Something more specific than an adjacent_to relation would be better, especially considering the volcano in question may have melted nearby glacial mass. subglacial volcano A volcano produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a lake melted into a glacier or ice mass by the rising lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_volcano A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. FTT:702 SWEETRealm:Fissure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_fissure ENVO fissure fissure vent ENVO:00000408 volcanic fissure ENVO:00000408 A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity. The vent is usually a few meters wide and may be many kilometers long. Fissure vents can cause large flood basalts and hannels. The volcano can usually be seen as a crack in the ground or on the ocean floor. Narrow fissures can be filled in with lava that hardens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissure_vent ENVO:00000409 A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. hydrographic feature FTT:131 FTT:829 TGN:21183 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool WHRL whirlpool A large, swirling body of water produced by ocean tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool hydrographic feature ADL:FTT WHRL Geonames:feature ENVO:00000410 An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kipuka kipuka An elevated area such as a hill, ridge or old lava dome inside or downslope from an area of active volcanism. New lava flows will cover the surrounding land, isolating the kipuka so that it appears as a (usually) forested island in a barren lava flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava#K.C4.ABpukas The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. transportation feature EcoLexicon:ford FTT:714 FTT:83 Geonames:T.FORD TGN:21170 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford ford (crossing) ENVO ENVO:00000411 ford ENVO:00000411 The shallow part of a stream which can be easily crossed. USGS:SDTS transportation feature ADL:FTT ford (crossing) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000412 A watercourse which has the intensity and direction of its flow primarily determined by the tides. TGN:21130 tidal watercourse ENVO:00000413 A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. mount https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo hydrolaccolith pingos bugor bulginniakh Pingos may occur in cold-climate wetland areas, but are not necessarily wetlands themselves. pingo A mound of earth-covered ice found in the Arctic, subarctic, and Antarctica that can reach up to 70 metres in height and up to 2 kilometres in diameter. DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo mount USGS:SDTS hydrolaccolith https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingo pingos ENVO:00000414 A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. FTT:142 FTT:143 FTT:144 TGN:21445 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch arches (natural formation) natural bridge sea arch natural arch A natural formation where a rock arch forms, with a natural passageway through underneath. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_arch arches (natural formation) ADL:FTT natural bridge ADL:FTT sea arch ADL:FTT A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. EcoLexicon:raised_beach https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach ENVO terrace ENVO:00000415 raised beach ENVO:00000415 A beach or wave cut platform raised above the shore line by a relative fall in the sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raised_beach terrace USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000416 A dune which is part of a coast. coastal dune A dune which is part of a coast. A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. ENVO ENVO:00000417 machair ENVO:00000417 A fertile low-lying raised beach found on the some of the coastlines of Ireland and Scotland, in particular in the Outer Hebrides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machair_%28geography%29 A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria ENVO drowned river valley drowned valley valley ENVO:00000418 ria ENVO:00000418 A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria valley USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000419 A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. EcoLexicon:stack stack A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_%28geology%29 ENVO:00000420 A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. EcoLexicon:tombolo SWEETRealm:Tombolo https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo bar island tombolo A deposition landform such as a spit or bar which forms a narrow piece of land between an island or offshore rock and a mainland shore, or between two islands or offshore rocks. They usually form because the island causes wave refraction, depositing sand and shingle moved by longshore drift in each direction around the island where the waves meet. Eustatic sea level rise may also contribute to accretion as material is pushed up with rising sea levels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolo bar USGS:SDTS island USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000421 The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. SWEETRealm:WaveCutPlatform https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave-cut_platform marine terrace wave-cut platform The narrow flat area often seen at the base of a sea cliff caused by the action of the waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_cut_platform A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_pavement ENVO ENVO:00000422 limestone pavement ENVO:00000422 A natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles artificial pavement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone_pavement An island that lies in a river. EcoLexicon:fluvial_island TGN:21428 ENVO ait eyot fluvial island ENVO:00000423 river island ENVO:00000423 An island that lies in a river. MA:ma fluvial island Getty:TGN An island that lies in a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_island ENVO ENVO:00000424 lake island ENVO:00000424 An island that lies in a lake. MA:ma ENVO:00000426 A marine bed which lies below an ocean. FTT:1020 ocean bed ocean basin floor ocean floor feature seafloor ocean floor A marine bed which lies below an ocean. MA:ma ocean basin floor When "ocean basin" is used in a hydrological sense, then "ocean basin floor" is any floor under seawater. In ENVO, the class "ocean basin" is used in a geological sense, which does not include all areas of ocean floor. ocean floor feature ADL:FTT seafloor Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet. However, these two terms are often used interchangeably. ENVO:00000427 A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. watercourse EcoLexicon:meander FTT:105 FTT:948 SWEETRealm:Meandering TGN:21153 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander stream oxbow loop meander A bend in a stream. A stream flowing through a wide valley or flat plain will tend to form a meanders as it alternatively erodes and deposits sediments along its course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meander watercourse USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT ENVO:00000428 A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. EcoLexicon:biome LTER:809 major habitat type EcosytemType In this definition, there is an assumption that no major perturbations are occurring or have occurred in a time frame affects the successional dynamics of the ecosystem. A "major" perturbation is one which disrupts the community's ability to restore its (near) equilibrium. Usually, pioneer or early secondary successional processes would be in effect in such scenarios. biome A biome is an ecosystem which is undergoing climactic ecological succession. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome LTER:809 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=809&/biomes major habitat type WWF:Biome EcosytemType NASA:earthrealm ENVO:00000429 A ridge which is jagged, narrow and separates glacier valleys or cirques. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z FTT:154 ridge The ridge frequently resembles the blade of a serrated knife. A French term referring to the bones in a fish backbone. Aretes are typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Aretes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. arete A ridge which is jagged, narrow and separates glacier valleys or cirques. ridge ADL:FTT ridge USGS:SDTS The ridge frequently resembles the blade of a serrated knife. A French term referring to the bones in a fish backbone. Aretes are typically formed when two glaciers erode parallel U-shaped valleys. Aretes can also form when two glacial cirques erode towards one another, although frequently this results in a saddle-shaped pass, called a col. ENVO:00000430 A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone dirt cone A feature of a glacier, in which dirt, which has fallen into a hollow in the ice, forms a coating which insulates the ice below. The surrounding ice melts away, leaving the dirt cone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirt_cone A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin_field ENVO drumlin swarm ENVO:00000431 drumlin field ENVO:00000431 A cluster of dozens to hundreds of similarly shaped, sized and oriented drumlins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumlin_field ENVO:00000432 An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monadnock inselberg kopje mount monadnock An isolated hill, knob, ridge, or small mountain that rises abruptly from a gently sloping or virtually level surrounding plain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inselberg mount USGS:SDTS A terrace associated with a kame. ENVO ENVO:00000433 kame terrace ENVO:00000433 A terrace associated with a kame. MA:ma A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash_fan ENVO ENVO:00000434 outwash fan ENVO:00000434 A fan-shaped body of sediments deposited by braided streams from a melting glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outwash_fan ENVO:00000435 A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake proglacial lake A lake formed either by the damming action of a moraine or ice dam during the retreat of a melting glacier, or one formed by meltwater trapped against an ice mass due to isostatic depression of the crust around the ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proglacial_lake lake USGS:SDTS A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley ENVO rinnental tunnel-vale ENVO:00000436 tunnel valley ENVO:00000436 A deep but narrow valley with a 'U' shaped cross-section and frequently a 'U' shaped plan which is usually found filled with glacial till. It is formed when the edge of an ice mass advances up a slope. Its length may be appropriately measured in centimetres or kilometres, depending on the circumstances of formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley A small tunnel valley. ENVO ENVO:00000437 Nye channel ENVO:00000437 A small tunnel valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunnel_valley ENVO:00000438 A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas alas A steep-sided depression formed by the melting of permafrost; it may contain a lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. valley ENVO ENVO:00000439 dell ENVO:00000439 A small wooded valley, either U- or V-shaped. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_%28landform%29 valley USGS:SDTS A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_shelter ENVO rockhouse ENVO:00000440 rock shelter ENVO:00000440 A shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or cliff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_shelter A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. SWEETRealm:Terracette https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracette ENVO ENVO:00000441 terracette ENVO:00000441 A ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terracette A very powerful whirlpool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maelstrom ENVO ENVO:00000442 maelstrom ENVO:00000442 A very powerful whirlpool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. EcoLexicon:flood_control_reservoir FTT:1175 FTT:217 FTT:709 TGN:51261 flood control basin ENVO retention basin storage basin ENVO:00000443 flood control reservoir ENVO:00000443 A reservoir constructed for the purpose of containing a flood, an overflow of water from a body of water that sumerges land. MA:ma retention basin ADL:FTT storage basin ADL:FTT ENVO:00000444 A tract of land which has few or no trees and is surrounded by more heavily wooded areas. FTT:259 FTT:488 Geonames:L.CLG LTER:79 TGN:21651 CLEARING clearing forest clearing burn burnt over area clearing cut line fire break glade grassland logged area opening There should be a better superclass than "field" which should indicate that there are no woody plants in growth form "tree" around. woodland clearing A tract of land which has few or no trees and is surrounded by more heavily wooded areas. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glade_(geography) CLEARING USGS:SDTS clearing Geonames:feature burn USGS:SDTS burnt over area USGS:SDTS clearing ADL:FTT cut line USGS:SDTS fire break USGS:SDTS glade USGS:SDTS grassland ADL:FTT logged area USGS:SDTS An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement ENVO ENVO:00000445 transvasement ENVO:00000445 An aquaduct to transport water from one river basin to another one, to solve problems of hydrographic imbalance. It can decrease floods, moving the water to lands with droughts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvasement ENVO:00000446 A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. LTER:798 SPIRE:Terrestrial terrestrial biome A terrestrial ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome#Terrestrial_biomes ENVO:00000447 A marine ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. SPIRE:Marine This biome includes open-ocean and unprotected coastal ecosystems, characterized by exposure to wave action, tidal fluctuation, and ocean currents as well as systems that largely resemble these. Water in the marine biome is generally within the salinity range of seawater: 30 to 38 ppt. marine biome A marine ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric_reservoir ENVO ENVO:00000448 hydroelectric reservoir ENVO:00000448 A reservoir constructed for the purpose of generating electricity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. ENVO ENVO:00000449 drinking water reservoir ENVO:00000449 A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing drinking water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000450 irrigation reservoir ENVO:00000450 A reservoir constructed for the purpose of providing water for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reservoir A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. ENVO ENVO:00000451 amenity lake ENVO:00000451 A lake constructed, or modified, for the chief purpose of providing an amenity. MA:ma ENVO:00000452 A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_lake ribbon lake A lake that is long, narrow, and finger-shaped, usually found in a glacial trough. Its formation begins when a glacier moves over an area containing alternate bands of hard and soft bedrock. The sharp-edged boulders carried at the bottom of the glacier erode the softer rock more quickly by abrasion, thus creating a hollow called a rock basin. On either side of the rock basin, the more resistant rock is eroded less and these outcrops of harder rock are known as rock bars, which act as dams between which rainwater may accumulate after the retreat of the ice age, filling up the rock basin and creating a ribbon lake. A ribbon lake may also form behind a terminal or recessional moraine, both of which also act as dams, enabling water to accumulate behind them. A ribbon lake may also occur if a tributary glacier joins a main glacier. The increase in power can create a trough, which is filled with water from a river/meltwater to create a ribbon lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribbon_lake A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman ENVO ENVO:00000453 liman ENVO:00000453 A lake or estuary that is formed at the mouth of a river where flow is blocked by a bar of sediments. It can be maritime (the bar being created by the current of a sea) or fluvial (the bar being created by the flow of a bigger river at the confluence). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liman_(landform) A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlough ENVO ENVO:00000454 turlough ENVO:00000454 A container of an intermittent lake unique to the limestone areas of Ireland, mostly west of the River Shannon. Most turloughs flood in the autumn, usually some time in October, and then dry up some time between April and July. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turlough_(lake) A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn corrie loch ENVO ENVO:00000455 tarn ENVO:00000455 A mountain lake that is formed in a cirque excavated by a glacier. A moraine may form a natural dam below a tarn. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarn_(lake) ENVO:00000456 A glacier which terminates in a lake or the sea, with terminus either floating or grounded The adjective indicates geographical setting, and not that tides play a role in the mass balance. Typically, tidewater glaciers calve ice to produce icebergs. There are currently issues in the community about the definition of this glacier type: It is undecided whether or not a) a tidewater glacier has to have a grounded terminus and b) whether glaciers terminating in a lake can be considered to be tidewater glaciers. tidewater glacier A glacier which terminates in a lake or the sea, with terminus either floating or grounded https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The adjective indicates geographical setting, and not that tides play a role in the mass balance. Typically, tidewater glaciers calve ice to produce icebergs. There are currently issues in the community about the definition of this glacier type: It is undecided whether or not a) a tidewater glacier has to have a grounded terminus and b) whether glaciers terminating in a lake can be considered to be tidewater glaciers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:00000457 A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. plateau glacier A glacier on a plateau or high area, smaller than an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers ENVO:00000458 A glacier which 1) flows for all or most of its length within the walls of a valley, in consequence having a distinct tongue and a well-defined outline and 2) descends from either high mountains, from an ice cap on a plateau, or from an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_glacier These glaciers typically flow down pre-existing valleys and have ice-free slopes overlooking the glacier surface. valley glacier A glacier which 1) flows for all or most of its length within the walls of a valley, in consequence having a distinct tongue and a well-defined outline and 2) descends from either high mountains, from an ice cap on a plateau, or from an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 These glaciers typically flow down pre-existing valleys and have ice-free slopes overlooking the glacier surface. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:00000459 A glacier fed by an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outlet_glacier outlet glacier A glacier fed by an ice sheet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. ENVO ENVO:00000460 penplain ENVO:00000460 A region of low topographic relief as a consequence of erosion by streams. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peneplain ENVO:00000461 A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocrater rootless vent pseudocrater A volcanic landform which resembles a true volcanic crater, but differs in that it is not an actual vent from which lava has erupted. A pseudocrater is characterised by the absence of any magma conduit which connects below the surface of the earth. Pseudocraters are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption, and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rootless_vent ENVO:00000462 A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field polygenetic volcanic field A volcanic field of scattered volcanic vents. These volcanic fields, containing numerous polygenetic volcanoes, are noted for having more than one eruptive event from the same vent(s), rather than the more common monogenetic volcanic field. Polygenetic volcanic fields generally occur where there is a high-level magma chamber. These volcanic fields may show lithological discontinuities due to major changes in magma chemistry, volcanotectonic events, or long erosional intervals, and may last >10 million year period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygenetic_volcanic_field ENVO:00000463 A landform which provides shelter from atmospheric weather and marine currents, waves, and other dynamics. SWEETRealm:Harbor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor harbor Harbours are often used to store or shelter ships. harbour A landform which provides shelter from atmospheric weather and marine currents, waves, and other dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor ENVO:00000464 A harbor constructed by human agency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_harbour artificial harbour artificial harbor A harbor constructed by human agency. MA:ma ENVO:00000465 A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_harbor natural harbour natural harbor A harbor which is formed by a natural landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harbor ENVO ENVO:00000466 obsolete marine hydrographic feature true ENVO:00000466 2 ENVO:00000467 An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. campus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_campus university campus An area of land on which a college or university and related institutional buildings are situated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroelectric_dam ENVO ENVO:00000468 hydroelectric dam ENVO:00000468 A dam constructed for the purpose of generating electricity from the water stored behind it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose ENVO:00000469 A facility which supports the undertaking of scientific research or measurements. research facility A facility which supports the undertaking of scientific research or measurements. MA:ma A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. ENVO ENVO:00000470 irrigation dam ENVO:00000470 A dam constructed for the purpose of holding water in a reservoir for irrigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. ENVO ENVO:00000471 flood control dam ENVO:00000471 A dam constructed for the purpose of controlling flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose ENVO:00000472 An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. wetland FTT:184 TGN:21302 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backwater BACKWATER backwater An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT BACKWATER USGS:SDTS A quarry from which gravel is extracted. FTT:772 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel_pit ENVO mine site ENVO:00000473 gravel pit ENVO:00000473 A quarry from which gravel is extracted. MA:ma mine site ADL:FTT An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. FTT:1182 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut CUT cutting ENVO ENVO:00000474 cut ENVO:00000474 An excavation of the Earth's surface to provide passage for a road, railway, canal, etc. USGS:SDTS CUT USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000475 An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. EcoLexicon:inlet FTT:233 FTT:463 Geonames:H.GULF Geonames:H.INLT SWEETRealm:Inlet TGN:21128 anse arm firth ria inlet An opening of the sea into the land, or of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlet anse USGS:SDTS arm USGS:SDTS firth USGS:SDTS ria USGS:SDTS An opening of a lake into its shore. ENVO ENVO:00000476 lake inlet ENVO:00000476 An opening of a lake into its shore. USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000477 A mountain or a hill. FTT:118 FTT:460 TGN:21439 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount cerrito cerro dome koppje monadnock This is not placed under surface landform, as seamounts are also mounts and are submerged. mount A mountain or a hill. USGS:SDTS cerrito USGS:SDTS cerro ADL:FTT cerro USGS:SDTS dome USGS:SDTS koppje USGS:SDTS monadnock USGS:SDTS 2 ENVO:00000478 A field which includes at least two mounts connected by high ground and arranged in an approximately linear fashion. FTT:996 range (physiographic) range of mounts range (physiographic) ADL:FTT 2 ENVO:00000479 The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. MOUTH EcoLexicon:outlet SWEETRealm:Mouth https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_mouth outlet mouth of a watercourse The exit or point of discharge of a stream into another stream, lake or sea. USGS:SDTS MOUTH USGS:SDTS outlet USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000480 The summit of a mount. EcoLexicon:summit FTT:757 FTT:79 FTT:80 FTT:994 FTT:998 FTT:999 Geonames:T.PK Geonames:T.PKS SWEETRealm:Peak TGN:21490 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak peaks ahu ice peak mountain crest mountain summit nunatak summit peak The summit of a mount. USGS:SDTS peaks Geonames:feature ahu ADL:FTT ice peak USGS:SDTS mountain crest ADL:FTT mountain summit ADL:FTT nunatak ADL:FTT summit ADL:FTT summit USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000481 A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. natural rock formation EcoLexicon:crag FTT:1008 FTT:145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnacle PINNACLE pinnacle (natural formation) chapeirao coral head crag pillar scar pinnacle A tall, slender, spire-shaped rock projecting from a level or more gently sloping surface. USGS:SDTS natural rock formation ADL:FTT PINNACLE USGS:SDTS pinnacle (natural formation) ADL:FTT chapeirao USGS:SDTS coral head USGS:SDTS crag USGS:SDTS pillar USGS:SDTS scar USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000482 A marine bed which lies below a sea. EcoLexicon:sea_floor Meeresboden SeaFloor fondale marino fondo marino ocean floor seabed seafloor ocean floor sea bed 海床 海底 sea floor A marine bed which lies below a sea. MA:ma SeaFloor NASA:earthrealm ocean floor Seas are smaller than oceans and are usually located where the land and ocean meet. However, these two terms are often used interchangeably. ENVO:00000483 A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge_pool PLUNGE POOL Problematic. Does this refer to the depression or the accumulated water? plunge pool A hollow eroded by the force of the falling water at the base of a waterfall, particularly by the eddying effect. USGS:SDTS PLUNGE POOL USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000484 A sea surface layer which is 1) not covered by ice and 2) laterally surrounded by either pack ice or land and pack ice. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z EcoLexicon:polynya SWEETRealm:Polynya https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynya POLYNA Polyn'ya Polynya polynia big clearing clearing glade ice clearing regional clearing A polynya is a Russian term for any non-linear shaped area of open water within the ice pack. Polynyas may contain brash ice and/or be covered with new ice, nilas or young ice; submariners refer to these as skylights. Sometimes the polynya is limited on one side by the coast and is called a shore polynya or by fast ice and is called a flaw polynya. If it recurs in the same position every year, e.g. off the mouths of big rivers, it is called a recurring polynya. A temporary small clearing in pack ice which consists of small floes and brash in continuous local movement is called an unstable polynya; an opening which is flanked by large floes and therefore appears to be relatively stable is called a stable polynya. Polynyas range in size from relatively small to enormous. The largest polynya observed in the Antarctic was the Weddell Polynya of 1975-77, covering an area of 2x105km2. The two main categories of polynya are sensible heat and latent heat, depending on the mechanism responsible for maintaining their presence. Latent heat polynyas are maintained by persistent katabatic winds that drain off the continent. Newly formed ice is advected away by the wind, leaving the surface ice-free and open to more ice formation. In this manner latent heat polynyas can be major sources of new ice production. Coastal polynyas are primarily of this type. Sensible heat polynyas are maintained by upwelling warm water that supplies a sufficiently large oceanic heat flux to the base of the ice to reduce its thickness, or melt it completely. These polynyas are not responsible for large quantities of new ice production. A polynya may also form by a combination of the sensible and latent heat processes. From the remote sensing/sea ice standpoint a polynya is a hole in the ice that ordinarily wouldn't be there - except that either the wind is creating it by pushing the ice away or there is something under the ice that is warmer than its surroundings and melting the ice that would otherwise be there. Could be a subclass of a class that describes holes in solid material covering water or other liquids. Perhaps a class like "clearing". Logical def can include surrounded_by "ice mass". polynya A sea surface layer which is 1) not covered by ice and 2) laterally surrounded by either pack ice or land and pack ice. POLYNA USGS:SDTS Polynya NASA:earthrealm polynia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/polynia big clearing USGS:SDTS clearing USGS:SDTS glade USGS:SDTS ice clearing USGS:SDTS regional clearing USGS:SDTS A polynya is a Russian term for any non-linear shaped area of open water within the ice pack. Polynyas may contain brash ice and/or be covered with new ice, nilas or young ice; submariners refer to these as skylights. Sometimes the polynya is limited on one side by the coast and is called a shore polynya or by fast ice and is called a flaw polynya. If it recurs in the same position every year, e.g. off the mouths of big rivers, it is called a recurring polynya. A temporary small clearing in pack ice which consists of small floes and brash in continuous local movement is called an unstable polynya; an opening which is flanked by large floes and therefore appears to be relatively stable is called a stable polynya. Polynyas range in size from relatively small to enormous. The largest polynya observed in the Antarctic was the Weddell Polynya of 1975-77, covering an area of 2x105km2. The two main categories of polynya are sensible heat and latent heat, depending on the mechanism responsible for maintaining their presence. Latent heat polynyas are maintained by persistent katabatic winds that drain off the continent. Newly formed ice is advected away by the wind, leaving the surface ice-free and open to more ice formation. In this manner latent heat polynyas can be major sources of new ice production. Coastal polynyas are primarily of this type. Sensible heat polynyas are maintained by upwelling warm water that supplies a sufficiently large oceanic heat flux to the base of the ice to reduce its thickness, or melt it completely. These polynyas are not responsible for large quantities of new ice production. A polynya may also form by a combination of the sensible and latent heat processes. From the remote sensing/sea ice standpoint a polynya is a hole in the ice that ordinarily wouldn't be there - except that either the wind is creating it by pushing the ice away or there is something under the ice that is warmer than its surroundings and melting the ice that would otherwise be there. ENVO:00000485 That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. EcoLexicon:seashore FTT:504 shore sea shore That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone. MA:ma ENVO:00000486 A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is located between a landmass and a water body. EcoLexicon:shoreline FTT:240 FTT:503 TGN:21481 Küstenlinie Shoreline linea costiera línea costera 海岸線 SHOR coastline 1) this term is usually used for larger water bodies like lakes and oceans, 2) that the actual spatial extent of a shoreline, and the sharpness of its boundaries, is often arbitrarily or operationally defined, and 3) this term is for the physical shoreline, not the one- or two-dimensional representation of shorelines. shoreline A two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which is located between a landmass and a water body. USGS:SDTS Shoreline NASA:earthrealm SHOR Geonames:feature coastline The distinction between shoreline and coastline needs more thought. USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000487 One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. lake https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake paternoster lake One of a series of glacial lakes connected by a single stream or a braided stream system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paternoster_lake lake USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000488 A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake glacial lake A lake which is primarily composed of glacial meltwater and which fills a depression formed as a result of a glacial erosion process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacial_lake ENVO:00000489 A frost heave which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. palsa bog palsamoor Palsas typically occur in areas with discontinuous permafrost, frequently peat bogs. A palsa consists, similarly to a pingo, of an ice core and overlying soil materials, in case of a palsa usually boggy soil. Palsas are characteristically found in areas with discontinuous permafrost and in such areas bay be the only reliable surface evidence of permafrost. A palsa needs large quantities of water for the formation of its ice core (i.e. ice lens), which is why they frequently emerge from and are bound by boggy soils, which can store enormous quantities of water in their pores. Palsas develop particularly in moorlands and are therefore also named palsamoors. palsa A frost heave which is formed as the result of a perennial ice lens forming under soil, pushing a roughly oval portion land surface upwards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palsa A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000490 consequent stream ENVO:00000490 A stream whose course is a direct consequence of the original slope of the surface upon which it developed, i.e., a stream that follows the slope of the original land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000491 subsequent stream ENVO:00000491 A stream whose course has been determined by selective headward erosion along weak strata. These streams have generally developed after the original stream. Subsequent streams developed independently of the original relief of the land and generally follow paths determined by the weak rock belts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000492 resequent stream ENVO:00000492 A stream whose course follows the original relief, but at a lower level than the original slope (e.g., flows down a course determined by the underlying strata in the same direction). These streams develop later and are generally a tributary to a subsequent stream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. watercourse https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000493 obsequent stream ENVO:00000493 A stream flowing in the opposite direction of the consequent drainage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream watercourse USGS:SDTS A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insequent_stream ENVO ENVO:00000494 insequent stream ENVO:00000494 A stream that has an almost random drainage often forming dendritic patterns. These are typically tributaries and have developed by a headward erosion on a horizontally stratified belt or on homogeneous rocks. These streams follow courses that apparently were not controlled by the original slope of the surface, its structure or the type of rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsequent_stream A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. stream watercourse EcoLexicon:affluent FTT:105 FTT:1261 SWEETRealm:Tributary TGN:21157 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary affluent ENVO affluent stream confluent stream river tributary ENVO:00000495 tributary ENVO:00000495 A stream or river which flows into another river (a parent river) or body of water but which may not flow directly into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary stream ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS affluent ADL:FTT river tributary Getty:TGN ENVO:00000496 A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. EcoLexicon:rill https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rill rill A narrow and shallow incision into soil resulting from erosion by overland flow that has been focused into a thin thread by soil surface roughness. Rilling, the process of rill formation, is common on agricultural land and unvegetated ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rill ENVO:00000497 An incised meander on a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon inlet rincon An incised meander on a river. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rincon inlet USGS:SDTS An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. ridge FTT:654 dyke (geologic) igneous dike volcanic dyke ENVO ENVO:00000498 volcanic dike ENVO:00000498 An intrusive igneous body. Its thickness is usually much smaller than its other two dimensions. Thickness can vary from sub-centimeter scale to many meters in thickness and the lateral dimensions can extend over many kilometers. A dike is an intrusion into a cross-cutting fissure, meaning a dike cuts across other pre-existing layers or bodies of rock, this means that a dike is always younger than the rocks that contain it. Dikes are usually high angle to near vertical in orientation, but subsequent tectonic deformation may rotate the sequence of strata through which the dike lies so that the latter becomes horizontal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 ridge USGS:SDTS dyke (geologic) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000499 A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 swale trough A linear structural depression that extends laterally over a distance, while being less steep than a trench. A trough can be a narrow basin or a geologic rift. There are various oceanic troughs, troughs found under oceans; examples include the rift along the mid-oceanic ridge and the Cayman Trough. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 swale USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000500 An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. dam FTT:243 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver_dam dam of beaver beaver dam An obstruction in a stream constructed by a beaver. MA:ma dam USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000501 The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. BOTTOM EcoLexicon:bed FTT:804 SWEETRealm:Bottom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_bed submerged bed The portion of the ground surface which lies below water. USGS:SDTS BOTTOM USGS:SDTS A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:880 Geonames:H.LKN Geonames:H.LKSNI intermittent saline lake intermittent salt lake intermittent salt lakes ENVO ENVO:00000502 container of an intermittent saline lake ENVO:00000502 A depression that is periodically filled with saline water, forming a saline lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT intermittent salt lake Geonames:feature intermittent salt lakes Geonames:feature A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. FTT:221 FTT:876 Geonames:H.LKOI intermittent oxbow lake ENVO ENVO:00000503 container of an intermittent oxbow lake ENVO:00000503 A depression which is continous with one or more abandoned meander loops of a river channel. MA:ma https://www.britannica.com/science/oxbow-lake ENVO:00000504 A container of an intermittent water body which, when filled with water, has a well-illuminated surface layer, is subject to complete mixing of the water it holds, and is smaller than the container of a lake. FTT:221 FTT:877 FTT:878 Geonames:H.PNDI Geonames:H.PNDSI Geonames:H.POOLI intermittent pond intermittent ponds intermittent pool intermittent pool intermittent pool container of an intermittent pond A container of an intermittent water body which, when filled with water, has a well-illuminated surface layer, is subject to complete mixing of the water it holds, and is smaller than the container of a lake. MA:ma https://www.britannica.com/science/lacustrine-ecosystem#ref6888 intermittent pond Geonames:feature intermittent ponds Geonames:feature intermittent pool Geonames:feature intermittent pool ADL:FTT intermittent pool ADL:FTT A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. FTT:129 FTT:410 Geonames:H.CNLSB ENVO ENVO:00000505 underground irrigation canal ENVO:00000505 A gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from an aquifer. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000506 A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. FTT:221 FTT:588 FTT:879 Geonames:H.RSVI intermittent reservoir intermittently filled reservoir A reservoir that is not permanently filled with water, at times being dry. MA:ma intermittent reservoir Geonames:feature ENVO:00000507 The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. FTT:157 FTT:162 Geonames:H.WADM There is some ambiguity in this term, as wadis seasonally flood to become watercourses, while - at other times - are valleys. In this representation, the "mouth" of a wadi is only present when it is a watercourse. wadi mouth The lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or water body. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000508 A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. EcoLexicon:terrace FTT:247 FTT:248 Geonames:T.BNCH Geonames:T.TRR TGN:21498 TGN:21513 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace TERRACE bench ledge rock terrace terrace bench bench (natural) terrace A step-like feature between higher and lower ground: a relatively flat or gently inclined shelf of earth, backed and fronted by steep slopes or manmade detaining walls. USGS:SDTS TERRACE USGS:SDTS bench Geonames:feature ledge ADL:FTT rock terrace USGS:SDTS terrace Geonames:feature bench Getty:TGN bench USGS:SDTS bench (natural) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000509 A terrace which is located in a marine water body. EcoLexicon:bench FTT:249 Geonames:BNCU https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_terrace bench bench (seafloor) marine bench marine terrace bench Geonames:feature bench (seafloor) ADL:FTT marine bench USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000510 A landform which is the narrowest part of a meander. FTT:947 FTT:96 Geonames:T.NKM meander neck A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. wetland SWEETRealm:BlanketBog https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanket_bog ENVO ENVO:00000511 blanket bog ENVO:00000511 A peatland whose development is mostly independent of basins or topographical features where water collects; it simply covers the landscape like a blanket. Peat develops due to a continuous supply of water from rainfall, maintaining waterlogged conditions on the ground. Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic or rain fed, and as a result their pH lies between 3.5 and 4.2. IPCC:http://www.ipcc.ie/infoblanketbogfs.html wetland USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000512 The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. pond bottom pond bed The ground surface that lies beneath a pond. MA:ma ENVO:00000513 The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. reservoir bottom reservoir bed The ground surface that lies beneath a reservoir. MA:ma ENVO:00000514 A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. FTT:219 Geonames:T.CRTR SWEETRealm:Crater TGN:21408 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater CRATER crater A generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by explosive action. Geonames:feature CRATER USGS:SDTS A cut to provide passage for a road. Geonames:R.RDCUT ENVO ENVO:00000515 road cut ENVO:00000515 A cut to provide passage for a road. MA:ma ENVO:00000516 A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. FTT:783 Geonames:T.HMCK SWEETRealm:Hummock hummock A patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups. Geonames:feature A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. lost river lost watercourse stream FTT:105 FTT:931 Geonames:H.STMSB TGN:21112 lost river ENVO ENVO:00000517 lost stream ENVO:00000517 A surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area. Geonames:feature lost river Geonames:feature lost watercourse Geonames:feature lost watercourse Getty:TGN stream ADL:FTT lost river ADL:FTT lost river Geonames:feature The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. FTT:129 FTT:399 Geonames:H.DTCHM ENVO ENVO:00000518 ditch mouth ENVO:00000518 The exit or point of discharge of a ditch. MA:ma ENVO:00000519 A terrace which is used for agricultural activities. agricultural terrace A terrace which is used for agricultural activities. ENVO:00000520 A mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area. physiographic feature EcoLexicon:landslide FTT:1076 FTT:914 FTT:96 Geonames:T.SLID SWEETRealm:Landslide TGN:21507 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landslide landslip slide slide (natural) landslide physiographic feature ADL:FTT slide Geonames:feature slide Getty:TGN slide (natural) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000521 An irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope. EcoLexicon:rockfall FTT:1072 FTT:96 Geonames:T.RKFL TGN:21504 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockfall rockfall A tunnel through which a canal passes. tunnel FTT:396 FTT:397 Geonames:H.TNLC https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_tunnel ENVO ENVO:00000522 canal tunnel ENVO:00000522 A tunnel through which a canal passes. Geonames:feature tunnel ADL:FTT A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. FTT:462 Geonames:CUTF TGN:21134 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutoff cut off cutoff (hydrographic) cuttoff ENVO ENVO:00000523 cutoff ENVO:00000523 A channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck. Geonames:feature cut off USGS:SDTS cutoff (hydrographic) ADL:FTT cuttoff Geonames:feature ENVO:00000524 A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:H.STMQ TGN:21113 abandoned watercourse A former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns. Geonames:feature A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. canal FTT:129 FTT:398 Geonames:H.STMC canalised stream ENVO ENVO:00000525 canalized stream ENVO:00000525 A stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened. Geonames:feature canal ADL:FTT ENVO:00000526 A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:T.CFT https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleft cleft cliff cleft A deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a cliff. Geonames:feature cleft Geonames:feature ENVO:00000527 A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. plain FTT:707 FTT:874 Geonames:T.INTF TGN:21450 interfluve A relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys. Geonames:feature plain ADL:FTT A linear elevation on an icecap. ridge FTT:155 FTT:844 Geonames:H.RDGG icecap reach ENVO ENVO:00000528 ice cap ridge ENVO:00000528 A linear elevation on an icecap. Geonames:feature ridge ADL:FTT icecap reach Geonames:feature A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. FTT:236 Geonames:T.RDGB https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach_ridge ENVO ENVO:00000529 beach ridge ENVO:00000529 A ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series. Geonames:feature A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. EcoLexicon:apron FTT:122 Geonames:U.APNU TGN:23187 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apron ENVO apron (geological) archipelago apron undersea apron ENVO:00000530 apron ENVO:00000530 A gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts. Geonames:feature apron (geological) ADL:FTT archipelago apron USGS:SDTS undersea apron Getty:TGN ENVO:00000531 A depression which is part of an ice cap. FTT:839 Geonames:H.DPRG TGN:21145 icecap depression icecap depression ice cap depression icecap depression ADL:FTT icecap depression Geonames:feature ENVO:00000532 lake FTT:881 Geonames:H.PNDNI intermittent salt pond intermittent saline evaporation pond lake ADL:FTT intermittent salt pond ADL:FTT intermittent salt pond Geonames:feature ENVO:00000533 A depression which contains objects and materials discarded by humans or their technologies. FTT:621 FTT:624 Deponie discarica garbage dump rubbish dump vertedero 垃圾掩埋場 disposal site landfill A depression which contains objects and materials discarded by humans or their technologies. MA:ma disposal site ADL:FTT ENVO:00000534 churn hole evorsion kettle pot rock mill FTT:1071 eddy mill giant's kettle kolk stream kettle swirlhole A depression which 1) has smooth surfaces, 2) has a bowl-like or cylindrical shape, 3) results from the erosion of the rocky bed of a watercourse. riverine pothole A depression which 1) has smooth surfaces, 2) has a bowl-like or cylindrical shape, 3) results from the erosion of the rocky bed of a watercourse. A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. FTT:603 Geonames:S.WEIR TGN:51265 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weir ENVO ENVO:00000535 weir ENVO:00000535 A low obstruction built across the path of s stream to raise its level. MA:ma ENVO:00000536 An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. moatan An annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000537 A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. FTT:289 Geonames:T.BLDR TGN:21501 boulder field A high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000538 An undersea area of subdued corrugations. FTT:167 Geonames:U.ARRU arrugado An undersea area of subdued corrugations. Geonames:feature ENVO:00000539 The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. sill EcoLexicon:sill FTT:740 Geonames:H.SILL SWEETRealm:Sill TGN:21367 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill gap sill sill (physiographic) geographic sill The low part of a gap or saddle separating basins. Geonames:feature gap ADL:FTT sill Geonames:feature sill USGS:SDTS sill (physiographic) ADL:FTT ENVO:00000540 A lake which is primarily composed of brackish water, having a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. brackish lake ENVO:00000541 A pond which is composed primarily of brackish water. brackish pond ENVO:00000542 An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. mount ridge EcoLexicon:kame https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame kame An irregularly shaped hill or mound composed of sorted or stratified sand and gravel that is deposited in contact with the glacial ice. It can have an irregular shape. Kames are often associated with kettles, and this is referred to as kame and kettle topography. When the ice retreats further, the delta kame often collapses. Kame terraces are frequently found along the side of a glacial valley and are the deposits of meltwater streams flowing between the ice and the adjacent valley side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kame mount USGS:SDTS ridge USGS:SDTS ENVO:00000543 A depression which comprises a low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. EcoLexicon:swale trough The term can refer to a natural landscape feature or a human-created one. When created by humans, this open drain system is designed to manage water runoff. swale A depression which comprises a low tract of land, especially when moist or marshy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swale_%28geographical_feature%29 trough USGS:SDTS A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leat lete ENVO ENVO:00000544 leat ENVO:00000544 A man-made watercourse, or makeshift aqueduct, often an artificial channel which supplies water to a watermill or its mill pond, collecting water from upstream of the mill so that the natural level of the driving water is above the level of the stream at the mill. Alternatively to may deliver water for mineral washing and concentration, irrigation or to a dye works. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leat ENVO:00000545 A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach pebble beach shingle beach A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingle_beach ENVO:00000546 Lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a lake. Lake sediments are comprised mainly of clastic material (sediment of clay, silt, and sand sizes), organic debris, chemical precipitates, or combinations of these. SedimentLayer lake sediment Lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a lake. Lake sediments are comprised mainly of clastic material (sediment of clay, silt, and sand sizes), organic debris, chemical precipitates, or combinations of these. URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/328083/lake/59070/Sediments-and-sedimentation SedimentLayer NASA:earthrealm A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. FTT:828 Geonames:H.WTRH TGN:21184 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterhole water hole ENVO water hole waterhole ENVO:00000547 waterhole ENVO:00000547 A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. MA:ma water hole USGS:SDTS waterhole Geonames:feature ENVO:00000548 A field which is composed primarily of gravel. Geonames:L.GVL TGN:21502 gravel field area gravel field gravel field area Geonames:feature ENVO:00000549 A depression which is is periodically filled with water when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. Despite the relocation from its position under 'water body' and the rewording of the definition, the class was not obsoleted as the entity being referenced is effectively the same. TGN:21198 intermittent body of water intermittent water body This was formerly represented as a water body, which would not be valid during dry periods. This class more properly refers to the container of the water body, thusfar always some depression, which periodically contains a water body. container of an intermittent water body A depression which is is periodically filled with water when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. MA:ma intermittent body of water Getty:TGN ENVO:00000550 A mountain range which is submerged under a marine water body. Geonames:U.CDAU TGN:23131 TGN:23145 TGN:23344 cordillera seamount chain seamount group seamount range undersea cordillera undersea mountain chain undersea range range of seamounts cordillera Geonames:feature seamount chain USGS:SDTS seamount group USGS:SDTS seamount range USGS:SDTS undersea cordillera Getty:TGN undersea mountain chain Getty:TGN undersea range Getty:TGN A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. EcoLexicon:endorheic_basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_basin ENVO closed basin terminal basin ENVO:00000551 endorheic basin ENVO:00000551 A drainage basin from which there is no outflow of water, either on the surface as rivers, or underground by flow or diffusion through rock or permeable material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endorheic_basin ENVO:00000552 An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talik Talik talik An area of unfrozen ground surrounded by permafrost. MA:ma Talik NASA:earthrealm A dam constructed for more than one purpose. ENVO ENVO:00000553 multipurpose dam ENVO:00000553 A dam constructed for more than one purpose. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. ENVO ENVO:00000554 saddle dam ENVO:00000554 An auxiliary dam constructed to confine the reservoir created by a primary dam either to permit a higher water elevation and storage or to limit the extent of a reservoir for increased efficiency. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. SWEETRealm:CheckDam ENVO ENVO:00000555 check dam ENVO:00000555 A dam designed to reduce flow velocity and control soil erosion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wing_dam ENVO ENVO:00000556 wing dam ENVO:00000556 A dam that only partly restricts a waterway, creating a faster channel that resists the accumulation of sediment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_dam ENVO ENVO:00000557 dry dam ENVO:00000557 A dam designed to control flooding. It normally holds back no water and allows the channel to flow freely, except during periods of intense flow that would otherwise cause flooding downstream. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversionary_dam ENVO ENVO:00000558 diversionary dam ENVO:00000558 A dam designed to divert all or a portion of the flow of a river from its natural course. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dam#By_purpose A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. ENVO ENVO:00000559 weapons test site ENVO:00000559 A region at which weapons, typically military, are tested. MA:ma A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. ENVO ENVO:00000560 nuclear weapons test site ENVO:00000560 A weapons test site at which nuclear weapons are, or have been, tested. MA:ma ENVO:00000561 A region in which military personnel train. military training area A region in which military personnel train. MA:ma ENVO:00000562 A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. park A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park ENVO:00000563 A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. EcoLexicon:pier pier A raised walkway over water, supported by piles or pillars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier ENVO:00000564 A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_site archeological site A place (or group of physical sites) in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either prehistoric or historic or contemporary), and which is, has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeological_site ENVO:00000565 A facility which supports the performance of sporting activities. sports facility A facility which supports the performance of sporting activities. MA:ma A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. ENVO ENVO:00000566 winter sports facility ENVO:00000566 A sports facility constructed for skiing and allied sports that require snow and/or ice. MA:ma ENVO:00000567 A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. calanque A deep valley with steep sides, typically of limestone, in part submerged by the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calanque A habitat that is solely in the air. ENVO:00002005 ENVO ENVO:00000568 obsolete aerial habitat true ENVO:00000568 A habitat that is solely in the air. NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000321 ENVO ENVO:00000569 obsolete marine habitat true ENVO:00000569 A habitat that is in or on a sea or ocean containing high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically >35 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a body of water (as in estuaries) containing medium concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically 0.5 to 35 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000322 ENVO ENVO:00000570 obsolete brackish water habitat true ENVO:00000570 A habitat that is in or on a body of water (as in estuaries) containing medium concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (typically 0.5 to 35 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm A habitat in or on trees. ENVO ENVO:00000571 obsolete arboreal habitat true ENVO:00000571 A habitat in or on trees. NM:nm A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. subterranean habitat underground habitat ENVO hypogeal habitat ENVO:00000572 obsolete subterrestrial habitat true ENVO:00000572 A habitat that is below the surface of the earth. NM:nm ENVO:00000856 Incorporated populated place. urban area EcoLexicon:city FTT:430 FTT:483 FTT:484 FTT:485 SWEETRealm:City TGN:83020 TGN:83040 TGN:83043 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City city Incorporated populated place. ADL:FTT urban area ADL:FTT ENVO:00000873 An freshwater ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. SPIRE:Freshwater freshwater biome An freshwater ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. MA:ma ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00000874 obsolete Tundra biome true ENVO:00000874 ENVO:01000211 ENVO ENVO:00000875 obsolete Temperate coniferous forest biome true ENVO:00000875 ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000212 ENVO ENVO:00000876 obsolete Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest biome true ENVO:00000876 ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00000877 obsolete Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biome true ENVO:00000877 ENVO:01000199 ENVO:01000208 ENVO:01000217 ENVO ENVO:00000878 obsolete Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and shrub biome true ENVO:00000878 ENVO:01000226 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00000879 obsolete Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome true ENVO:00000879 ENVO:01000225 ENVO:01000227 ENVO ENVO:00000880 obsolete Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome true ENVO:00000880 ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000188 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000192 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000214 ENVO ENVO:00000881 obsolete Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrubland biome true ENVO:00000881 ENVO:01000194 ENVO:01000216 ENVO ENVO:00000882 obsolete Montane grasslands and shrubland biome true ENVO:00000882 ENVO:01000179 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00000883 obsolete Deserts and xeric shrubland biome true ENVO:00000883 ENVO:01000181 ENVO ENVO:00000884 obsolete Mangrove biome true ENVO:00000884 ENVO:01000190 ENVO:01000195 ENVO ENVO:00000885 obsolete Flooded grasslands and savanna biome true ENVO:00000885 A habitat consisting of the spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains. Inhabited by endolithic organisms. ENVO:01000303 ENVO ENVO:00000886 obsolete endolithic habitat true ENVO:00000886 A habitat consisting of the spaces within rocks, such as pores between aggregate grains. Inhabited by endolithic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles ENVO:00000887 A large freshwater river ecosystem which is in its climactic ecological state. large river biome ENVO:00000888 A large freshwater river headwater ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. large river headwater biome ENVO:00000889 A large freshwater river delta ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. large river delta biome ENVO:00000890 A small freshwater river ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. small river biome ENVO:00000891 A large freshwater lake ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. large freshwater lake biome ENVO:00000892 A small freshwater lake ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. small freshwater lake biome ENVO:00000893 A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs. The WWF definition is somewhat ambiguous, but workable. xeric basin biome A biome which has little permanent surface water and a low relative abundance of springs. https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/xeric-basin-ecosystems ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00000894 obsolete polar biome true ENVO:00000894 ENVO ENVO:00000895 Please refer to the terms in the neritic pelagic zone and neritic benthic zone branches (PLB: 2010-03-15) obsolete temperate shelf and sea biome true ENVO:00000895 ENVO ENVO:00000896 Please use the appropriate terms in the marine biome branch in combination with the marine upwelling feature to specify an environment characterised by a marine upwelling (2010-03-15, PLB) obsolete temperate upwelling biome true ENVO:00000896 ENVO ENVO:00000897 Please use the appropriate terms in the marine biome branch in combination with the marine upwelling feature to specify an environment characterised by a marine upwelling (2010-03-15, PLB) obsolete tropical upwelling biome true ENVO:00000897 ENVO:01000049 ENVO ENVO:00000898 Please use terms in the marine coral reef branch of the Biome hierarchy (2010-03-15, PLB) to describe marine coral reefs. obsolete tropical coral biome true ENVO:00000898 ENVO:00001995 A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. EcoLexicon:rock FTT:1010 FTT:145 Geonames:T.RK Geonames:T.RKS SWEETRealm:Rock TGN:21444 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. rock A rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_(geology) The outflow of water from a mine. ENVO acid and metalliferous drainage acid rock drainage ENVO:00001996 mine drainage ENVO:00001996 The outflow of water from a mine. MA:ma acid and metalliferous drainage acid rock drainage ENVO:00001997 A mine drainage with an acidic pH. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage acid rock drainage acid mine drainage A mine drainage with an acidic pH. MA:ma acid rock drainage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage ENVO:00001998 An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. The various 'has part' and 'has quality' relations may not hold true for all soils; however, I have yet to find counter examples. Require input from a pedologist or similar. [pbuttigieg] regolith LTER:535 SPIRE:Soil SWEETRealm:Soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil 'In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose rock material that lies above the 'solid geology'. Soil is commonly referred to as "earth" or "dirt"; technically, the term "dirt" should be restricted to displaced soil.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil " The upper limit of soil is the boundary between soil and air, shallow water, live plants, or plant materials that have not begun to decompose. Areas are not considered to have soil if the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 meters) for the growth of rooted plants. The lower boundary that separates soil from the nonsoil underneath is most difficult to define. Soil consists of horizons near the Earth's surface that, in contrast to the underlying parent material, have been altered by the interactions of climate, relief, and living organisms over time. Commonly, soil grades at its lower boundary to hard rock or to earthy materials virtually devoid of animals, roots, or other marks of biological activity. For purposes of classification, the lower boundary of soil is arbitrarily set at 200 cm." Soil taxonomy, 2nd Ed., quoted in http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/edu/?cid=nrcs142p2_054280 soil An environmental material which is primarily composed of minerals, varying proportions of sand, silt, and clay, organic material such as humus, interstitial gases, liquids, and a broad range of resident micro- and macroorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil ENVO:00001999 OBSOLETE. A lentic water body which is composed primarily of marine water. body of marine water marine waterbody This term has been obsoleted due to its ambiguity. Ocean water and sea water are now present and linked to oceans and seas based on oceanogenesis and proximity to or enclosure by landmasses. "marine water" and "marine water body" will be added as synonyms of these classes. obsolete marine water body true ENVO:00002000 A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. EcoLexicon:slope SWEETRealm:Slope https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope flank side slope A solid astronomical body part which is part of the planetary surface between the peak of an elevation or the bottom of a depression and relatively flat surrounding land. MA:ma Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. EcoLexicon:waste_water SWEETRealm:Wastewater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_water ENVO ENVO:00002001 waste water ENVO:00002001 Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater FOODON:00001002 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food ENVO ENVO:00002002 The FAO has the following definition for "food": "Any substance, whether processed, semi-processed, or raw, which is intended for human consumption, and includes drink, chewing gum and any substance which has been used in the manufacture, preparation or treatment of "food" but does not include cosmetics or tobacco or substances used only as drugs." (Nutrition Division/Meeting Programming and Documentation Service, FAO, 2013 (MI198) adopted from Codex Alimentarius Commission, Procedural Manual, Twentieth edition, 2011 (ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Publications/ProcManuals/Manual_20e.pdf). ) obsolete food product true ENVO:00002002 ENVO:00002003 An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. EcoLexicon:drop SPIRE:Dung SWEETRealm:Drop faeces material feces material droppings frass pellet ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. This is distinct from classes such as http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001988 in that it refers to the environmental material composed primarily of feces rather than 'just' feces. fecal material An excreta material which is composed primarily of feces, an excreta consisting of waste products expelled from an animal's digestive tract through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feces ENVO:00002004 An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. mesoscopic physical object This is a legacy class from ENVO's early versions. It will be depopulated and filled in by inference using a PATO quality. Not to be confused with "mesoscopic" as defined in physics, which deals with objects typically between 10e-6 and 10-8 meters in diameter. obsolete physical object of mesoscopic geological size true An object which is large enough to be visible to humans, but small enough that humans can handle the object (i.e. transport it, examine it, etc) in its entirety with little to no technological assistance. MA:ma https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/mesoscopic ENVO:00002005 The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. EcoLexicon:air LTER:18 SWEETRealm:Air https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air air The mixture of gases (roughly (by molar content/volume: 78% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.038% carbon dioxide, trace amounts of other gases, and a variable amount (average around 1%) of water vapor) that surrounds the planet Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air ENVO:00002006 An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. water EcoLexicon:water LTER:617 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water liquid water An environmental material primarily composed of dihydrogen oxide in its liquid form. MA:ma ENVO:00002007 Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. EcoLexicon:sediment EcoLexicon:sedimentation LTER:492 LTER:493 SWEETRealm:Sediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment Sediment is typically deposited on the bed or bottom of a body of water or other liquid. sediment Particulate environmental material which is formed as a result of the transport and deposition of particles by flowing liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sediment ENVO:00002008 Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:dust SWEETRealm:Dust https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust Dust occurs in and may be deposited from the atmosphere. dust Particulate environmental material with diameters less than 500 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002009 obsolete terrestrial habitat true ENVO:00002009 A habitat that is on or at the boundary of the surface of the Earth. NM:nm ENVO:00002010 Water which contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water salt water The threshold salt concentration for classifying water as saline varies, but typically begins at about 1,000 to 3,000 parts salt per million parts water or 0.1–0.3% salt by weight. saline water ENVO:00002011 Water which has a low concentration of dissolved solutes, particularly that of sodium chloride. EcoLexicon:fresh_water LTER:216 SWEETRealm:FreshWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water freshwater sweet water The lower bound of solute concentration required for water to be considered freshwater is variable, but is always less than that of seawater, and often cited as less than 1 gram of solutes per 1 litre of water. fresh water ENVO:00002012 Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, surpassing the average salinity of seawater. We make no commitment to a particular threshold; this should be described on the data/information layer according to the norms of a discipline, accepted standard, or similar reference. The average salinity of sea water is assumed to be around 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter (or kilogram) of water. hypersaline water ENVO:00002013 Rock formed from molten magma. EcoLexicon:igneous_rock SWEETRealm:IgneousRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock igneous rock Rock formed from molten magma. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. SWEETRealm:IntrusiveRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock ENVO intrusive rock ENVO:00002014 plutonic rock ENVO:00002014 An igneous rock that results from the crystallization of a magma below the surface of the Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonic_rock An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. EcoLexicon:volcanic_rock SWEETRealm:VolcanicRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002015 Due to the general suggestion that volcanic rock simply comes from a volcanic process, it's not immediately clear whether this is interchangeable with igneous rock. volcanic rock ENVO:00002015 An igneous rock that results from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. EcoLexicon:sedimentary_rock SWEETRealm:SedimentaryRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock ENVO ENVO:00002016 sedimentary rock ENVO:00002016 A rock formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). EcoLexicon:metamorphic_rock SWEETRealm:MetamorphicRock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamorphic_rock ENVO ENVO:00002017 metamorphic rock ENVO:00002017 A rock formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously-formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth's surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals (e.g. by recrystallisation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_%28geology%29 Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, SWEETRealm:Sewage https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewage ENVO ENVO:00002018 sewage ENVO:00002018 Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater ENVO:00002019 Water which has a higher salinity than fresh water but a lower salinity than marine water. EcoLexicon:brackish_water LTER:702 SPIRE:Brackish_water SWEETRealm:BrackishWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackish_water brackish water A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. ENVO ENVO:00002020 obsolete extreme habitat true ENVO:00002020 A habitat having at least one environmental quality that tends towards either the largest or smallest element of the set. The physical or geochemical extreme conditions found in an extreme habitat are often detrimental to the majority of life on Earth. NM:nm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat in which the pH is <pH3. Inhabited by acidophilic organisms. ENVO:01000315 ENVO ENVO:00002021 obsolete acid habitat true ENVO:00002021 A habitat in which the pH is <pH3. Inhabited by acidophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat in which the pH is >pH9. Inhabited by alkaliphilic organisms. ENVO:01000316 ENVO ENVO:00002022 obsolete alkaline habitat true ENVO:00002022 A habitat in which the pH is >pH9. Inhabited by alkaliphilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by high gas or liquid pressure, inhabited by barophilic (piezophilic) organisms. ENVO:01000304 ENVO ENVO:00002023 obsolete high pressure habitat true ENVO:00002023 A habitat characterized by high gas or liquid pressure, inhabited by barophilic (piezophilic) organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by a concentration of salt at least 2M. Inhabited by halophilic organisms. ENVO:01000310 ENVO ENVO:00002024 obsolete haline habitat true ENVO:00002024 A habitat characterized by a concentration of salt at least 2M. Inhabited by halophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 60deg C. Inhabited by thermophilic organisms. ENVO:01000305 ENVO ENVO:00002025 obsolete high temperature habitat true ENVO:00002025 A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 60deg C. Inhabited by thermophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of 15deg C or lower. Inhabited by psychrophilic (cryophilic) organisms. ENVO:01000309 ENVO ENVO:00002026 obsolete cold temperature habitat true ENVO:00002026 A habitat characterized by an average temperature of 15deg C or lower. Inhabited by psychrophilic (cryophilic) organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 80deg C. Inhabited by hyperthermophilic organisms. ENVO:01000318 ENVO ENVO:00002027 obsolete extreme high temperature habitat true ENVO:00002027 A habitat characterized by an average temperature of at least 80deg C. Inhabited by hyperthermophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles A habitat characterized by a high osmolarity, typically the result of a high concentration of sugars. Inhabited by osmophilic organisms. ENVO:01000314 ENVO ENVO:00002028 obsolete high osmolarity habitat true ENVO:00002028 A habitat characterized by a high osmolarity, typically the result of a high concentration of sugars. Inhabited by osmophilic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremophile#Types_of_extremophiles ENVO:01000308 ENVO ENVO:00002029 obsolete extraterrestial habitat true ENVO:00002029 ENVO:00002030 A biome which is determined by a water body and which has ecological climax communities adapted to life in or on water. LTER:41 aquatic biome A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. ENVO ENVO:00002031 obsolete anthropogenic habitat true ENVO:00002031 A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. NM:nm A habitat that is in or on a living thing. ENVO:01001000 ENVO ENVO:00002032 obsolete organism-associated habitat true ENVO:00002032 A habitat that is in or on a living thing. NM:nm ENVO:00002033 The dead body of an animal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcass corpse carcass The dead body of an animal. MA:ma A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. EcoLexicon:biofilm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm ENVO ENVO:00002034 biofilm ENVO:00002034 A complex aggregation of microorganisms marked by the excretion of a protective and adhesive matrix; usually adhering to a substratum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm ENVO:00002035 A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with a planetary surface without being destroyed. SWEETRealm:Meteorite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite meteorite A natural object originating in outer space that survives an impact with a planetary surface without being destroyed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. ENVO:01000739 EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat ENVO biotope ENVO:00002036 This class is under development and its definition will be revised and its subclasses may be made obsolete. A habitat's specificity to a species or population will differentiate it from other environment classes. obsolete habitat true ENVO:00002036 A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. EnvO:EnvO A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000306 ENVO ENVO:00002037 obsolete freshwater habitat true ENVO:00002037 A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (<0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm ENVO:00000446 WWF major habitat type ENVO ENVO:00002038 This grouping class is now obsolete. A subset for wwfBiome classes now gathers all WWF biome classes. obsolete WWF biome true ENVO:00002038 The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. UBERON:0001474 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone ENVO ENVO:00002039 obsolete bone true ENVO:00002039 The rigid organs that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone EcoLexicon:wood LTER:637 SWEETRealm:Wood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood ENVO ENVO:00002040 wood ENVO:00002040 ENVO:00002041 EcoLexicon:groundwater LTER:235 SWEETRealm:Groundwater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_water obsolete ground water true ENVO:00002042 Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. surface water Water that is found on the surface of an astronomical object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water EcoLexicon:wastewater_treatment_plant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater_treatment_plant ENVO ENVO:00002043 wastewater treatment plant ENVO:00002043 ENVO:00002044 The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. EcoLexicon:sludge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge sludge The residual semi-solid material left from domestic or industrial processes, or wastewater treatment processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. anoxic sediment ENVO ENVO:00002045 anaerobic sediment ENVO:00002045 Sediment characterised by the absence of oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 EcoLexicon:active_sludge https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002046 activated sludge ENVO:00002046 ENVO:00002047 An excreta material which is composed primarily of urine, a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urine ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. urine material An excreta material which is composed primarily of urine, a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. MA:ma URL:http://www.stjude.org/stjude/hospital/med_terms.jsp A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. SWEETRealm:Chondrite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrite ENVO ENVO:00002048 chondrite ENVO:00002048 A stony meteorite that have not been modified due to melting or differentiation of the parent body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chondrite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stony_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002049 stony meteorite ENVO:00002049 A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondrite ENVO ENVO:00002050 achondrite ENVO:00002050 A stony meteorite that is made of material similar to terrestrial basalts or plutonic rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achondrite A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. ENVO ENVO:00002051 stony-iron meteorite ENVO:00002051 A meteorite that consists of a mixture of iron-nickel metal and silicate minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorite#Meteorite_types A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite ENVO ENVO:00002052 iron meteorite ENVO:00002052 A meteorite that overwhelmingly of nickel-iron alloys. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_meteorite ENVO:00002053 A sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragnoite. An interesting reasoning error was generated when this class had "composed primariy of some CHEBI:calcium carbonate". As that was a CHEBI:mineral, and minerals are disjoint from ENVO:rock, it led to an unsatisfiable class. The current axiom works around this, but this is requires some sort of geological convention to diffferentiate between masses of minerals and rocks that are composed primarily of minerals. EcoLexicon:limestone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone limestone A sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite or aragnoite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limestone ENVO:00002054 Limestone which is soft, white, and porous. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalk chalk Limestone which is soft, white, and porous. MA:ma A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. EcoLexicon:sandstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone ENVO ENVO:00002055 sandstone ENVO:00002055 A sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandstone A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale ENVO ENVO:00002056 shale ENVO:00002056 A fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. It is characterized by thin laminae breaking with an irregular curving fracture, often splintery and usually parallel to the often-indistinguishable bedding plane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale ENVO ENVO:00002057 raw primary sludge ENVO:00002057 ENVO ENVO:00002058 secondary sludge ENVO:00002058 A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosolids ENVO ENVO:00002059 biosolids ENVO:00002059 A treated form of sludge, sometimes used as a fertilizer in agriculture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sludge A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sludge ENVO ENVO:00002060 oil sludge ENVO:00002060 A solid or gel in motor oil caused by the oil gelling or solidifying, usually at temperatures lower than 100deg C. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_sludge ENVO:00002061 The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. SWEETRealm:OilSpill oil contamination oil spill The result of the unintentional release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment as a result of human activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spill OBSOLETE. ENVO:00002985 MA:ma ENVO ENVO:00002062 Deleted due to multiple occurence of the same term. obsolete oil true ENVO:00002062 OBSOLETE. MA:ma ENVO:00002063 The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_seep oil seep The result of the release of natural hydrocarbons to the surface of the earth, including beneath the sea, by natural geological processes. MA:ma ENVO:00002112 Mine drainage which is formed as a result of the mining of gold. gold mine drainage Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. EcoLexicon:marine_sediment EcoLexicon:marine_sedimentation SWEETRealm:MarineSediment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment deep marine sediments ENVO pelagic sediment {alternative name} ENVO:00002113 deep marine sediment ENVO:00002113 Sediment that accumulates in the flat or very gently sloping areas of the deep ocean basin floor. The three main types of deep marine sediment, also known as pelagic sediment, are siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 ENVO:00002114 Sediment which has increased levels of one or more chemical compounds. chemically enriched sediment ENVO:00002115 Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of petroleum. petroleum enriched sediment A portion of contaminated soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some contaminant. ENVO ENVO:00002116 "contaminant" is more of a disposition - any material entity can be a contaminant in particular circumstances. contaminated soil ENVO:00002116 ENVO:00002117 Soil which has elevated concentrations of creosote. creosote contaminated soil ENVO ENVO:00002118 sea sand ENVO:00002118 ENVO:00002119 A alkaline spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. alkaline hot spring A alkaline spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. MA:ma ENVO:00002120 An acidic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. acid hot spring acidic hot spring An acidic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. MA:ma ENVO:00002121 A saline lake which has a high pH. The formation processes of these lakes would be an interesting project to develop. soda lake The pH of alkaline lakes is typically between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of carbonate salts, typically sodium carbonate (and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of sodium chloride and other dissolved salts, making them saline or hypersaline lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. alkaline salt lake The pH of alkaline lakes is typically between 9 and 12. They are characterized by high concentrations of carbonate salts, typically sodium carbonate (and related salt complexes), giving rise to their alkalinity. In addition, many soda lakes also contain high concentrations of sodium chloride and other dissolved salts, making them saline or hypersaline lakes as well. High pH and salinity often coincide, because of how soda lakes develop. ENVO:00002122 Mud which has elevated concentrations of arsenic. arsenic-rich mud ENVO:00002123 A biomaterial containment unit which is capable of 1) containing a mass of environmental material which hosts an active collection of organisms and 2) maintaining conditions which are conducive to one or more metabolic activities of the organisms it contains. EcoLexicon:bioreactor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor bioreactor ENVO:00002124 A bioreactor in which the contained material is not oxygenated (i.e. void of biologically consequential free oxygen) anaerobic bioreactor A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. ENVO ENVO:00002125 anaerobic dechlorinating bioreactor ENVO:00002125 A device or system that supports a biologically active environment. A vessel in which is carried out a chemical process which involves organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms. This process can either be aerobic or anaerobic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreactor ENVO:00002126 A bioreactor in which the contained material is well-oxygenated. aerobic bioreactor ENVO ENVO:00002127 Revise adjacent to. Consider sampled stream sediment. Dry stream sediment. stream sediment ENVO:00002127 ENVO:00002128 A sulfur spring through which water at a temperature optimal for the growth of mesophillic microorganism (approximately 20 to 45 degrees Celsius) flows. mesophilic sulfur spring A sulfur spring through which water at a temperature optimal for the growth of mesophillic microorganism (approximately 20 to 45 degrees Celsius) flows. ENVO ENVO:00002129 anaerobic sludge ENVO:00002129 ENVO:00002130 The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. EcoLexicon:hypolimnion hypolimnion The dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. It is the layer that lies below the thermocline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypolimnion ENVO:00002131 The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. EcoLexicon:epilimnion_ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion epilimnion The top-most layer in a thermally stratified lake, occurring above the deeper hypolimnion. It is warmer and typically has a higher pH and dissolved oxygen concentration than the hypolimnion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilimnion ENVO:00002132 A cline which is part of a lake and across which temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalimnion Especially used in connection with meromictic lakes. metalimnion A cline which is part of a lake and across which temperature changes rapidly with depth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalimnion ENVO:00002133 Mud which has no or neglible concentrations of dissolved oxygen. anoxic mud anaerobic mud ENVO ENVO:00002134 anaerobic stream sediment ENVO:00002134 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treated_wood ENVO ENVO:00002135 treated wood ENVO:00002135 ENVO ENVO:00002136 arsenate treated wood ENVO:00002136 ENVO:00002137 An estuary which is composed primarily of brackish water. brackish estuary ENVO ENVO:00002138 beach sand ENVO:00002138 ENVO:00002139 A piece of rock which is derived from clastic rock and has a grain size of 4 to 64 millimeters. EcoLexicon:pebble SWEETRealm:Pebble https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble The grain size classification is based on the Krumbein phi scale of sedimentology. pebble A piece of rock which is derived from clastic rock and has a grain size of 4 to 64 millimeters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebble ENVO:00002140 A piece of rock which has a grain size between 64 and 256 mm. EcoLexicon:cobble SWEETRealm:Cobble cobble A piece of rock which has a grain size between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobble The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002141 leachate ENVO:00002141 The liquid produced when water percolates through any permeable material. It can contain either dissolved or suspended material, or usually both. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leachate ENVO ENVO:00002142 borax leachate ENVO:00002142 ENVO:00002143 A calcic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. calcic hot spring calcite hot spring A calcic spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. ENVO:00002144 A solid surface layer which 1) forms part of the boundary between the cavity of a cave and its solid container and 2) is roughtly perpendicular to the cave floor. cave wall ENVO:00002145 Soil which has elevated concentrations of chromate. chromate contaminated soil ENVO:00002146 Soil which has elevated concentrations of xylene. xylene contaminated soil ENVO:00002147 Coal mine lake sediment is lake sediment which covers the bottom of a coal mine lake. coal mine lake sediment ENVO ENVO:00002148 coarse beach sand ENVO:00002148 ENVO:00002149 Saline water which has has been formed as a result of oceanogenesis and which has its composition and properties maintained through processes including hydrological cycling, continental weathering, porewater burial, mineral deposition, ion exchange reactions, and ecological processes. When we have more classes representing the various processes which make seawater seawater, we can further axiomatise this class. EcoLexicon:sea_water LTER:701 SWEETRealm:SeaWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_water seawater sea water This definition is scoped to Earth's ocean, although it may also be applied to other telluric planets, moons, and similar astronomical bodies. As more evidence of other ocean types (and thus ocean water) emerge, this class may be made a subclass of a more general "ocean" class, and its label changed accordingly. This classes PURL / PID will remain stable. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_oceanography ocean water ENVO:00002150 Coastal sea water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast. coastal water coastal seawater coastal ocean water coastal oceanic water The limits of what qualifies as "adjacent to" vary greatly. This should be defined on a data level and is left intentionally fuzzy here. The label is "coastal sea water" rather than "coastal water" as some large lakes are often said to have coasts. coastal sea water ENVO:00002149 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_water ENVO ENVO:00002151 obsolete ocean water true ENVO:00002151 ENVO:00002152 A bioreactor which captures and, through the biological processes maintained in the medium it contains, degrades pollutants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter biofilter A bioreactor which captures and, through the biological processes maintained in the medium it contains, degrades pollutants. ENVO:00002153 A biofilter which contains compost and avails of the microbial communities within it to degrade pollutants. compost biofilter A biofilter which contains compost and avails of the microbial communities within it to degrade pollutants. ENVO ENVO:00002154 radioactive sediment ENVO:00002154 ENVO:00002155 high-level radioactive sediment ENVO:00002156 A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. Superfund site A highly contaminated site designated by the United States of America's Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfund_site ENVO ENVO:00002157 stromatolite mat ENVO:00002157 ENVO ENVO:00002158 ditch water ENVO:00002158 ENVO ENVO:00002159 drilling bore water ENVO:00002159 ENVO:00002160 Mud which is part of an estuary. estuarine mud FOODON:00001003 ENVO ENVO:00002161 obsolete fermented agave juice true ENVO:00002161 FOODON:00001004 ENVO ENVO:00002162 obsolete fermenting sugar cane juice true ENVO:00002162 FOODON:00001005 ENVO ENVO:00002163 obsolete fermenting Elaeis Palm sap true ENVO:00002163 ENVO:00002164 A solid environmental material which is formed by the replacement of organic substances (including those in soils and sediments) with mineral material. SWEETRealm:Fossil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil fossil material A solid environmental material which is formed by the replacement of organic substances (including those in soils and sediments) with mineral material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil FOODON:00001006 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat ENVO ENVO:00002165 obsolete meat food product true ENVO:00002165 FOODON:00001007 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage ENVO ENVO:00002166 obsolete sausage true ENVO:00002166 ENVO ENVO:00002167 platinum mine ENVO:00002167 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_mine ENVO ENVO:00002168 gold mine ENVO:00002168 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_mine ENVO ENVO:00002169 coal mine ENVO:00002169 ENVO:00002170 Manure which has been derived from the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost compost Manure which has been derived from the aerobically decomposed remnants of organic materials. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compost ENVO ENVO:00002171 hay compost ENVO:00002171 FOODON:00001008 ENVO ENVO:00002172 obsolete liver paste true ENVO:00002172 ENVO:00002173 A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital hospital A hospital is a building in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital FOODON:00001009 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_dog ENVO ENVO:00002174 obsolete hot dog true ENVO:00002174 FOODON:00001010 ENVO prepared meat product ENVO:00002175 obsolete processed meat product true ENVO:00002175 ENVO ENVO:00002176 contaminated sludge ENVO:00002176 ENVO ENVO:00002177 1,4-dioxane contaminated sludge ENVO:00002177 ENVO:00002178 A zone within a portion of petroleum contaminated sediment within which iron-reducing processes occur. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron-reducing zone of petroleum contaminated sediment ENVO ENVO:00002179 intertidal sediment ENVO:00002179 ENVO:00002180 Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of naphthalene. naphthalene enriched sediment ENVO:00002181 A neutral spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. neutral hot spring A neutral spring through which groundwater, heated by geothermal energy, flows. MA:ma ENVO:00002182 Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of nitrobenzene. nitrobenzene enriched sediment A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. ENVO ENVO:00002183 Consider using http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000967 as a super-class oil tank ENVO:00002183 A manufactured container within which oil or other petrochemical products are stored and which these products are usually transported to end users or further storage facilities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_terminal ENVO:00002184 sub-surface landform underground physiographic feature A landform which is located under the surface of a landmass. subsurface landform ENVO:00002185 A subsurface landform which contains fluid hydrocarbons in porous or fractured rock formations. oil and gas reservoir petroleum reservoir https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reservoir oil reservoir EcoLexicon:water_pollution https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contaminated_water polluted water ENVO ENVO:00002186 contaminated water ENVO:00002186 FOODON:00001011 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_formula ENVO ENVO:00002187 obsolete milk formula true ENVO:00002187 FOODON:00001012 ENVO ENVO:00002188 obsolete powdered milk formula true ENVO:00002188 FOODON:00001013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese ENVO ENVO:00002189 obsolete cheese product true ENVO:00002189 FOODON:00001014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt yoghourt yoghurt yougert ENVO ENVO:00002190 obsolete yogurt true ENVO:00002190 ENVO:00002191 Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. animal litter Straw or other material strewn in an animal's enclosure (e.g. a stable) for it to sleep on and to absorb its faeces and urine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_%28disambiguation%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry_litter ENVO ENVO:00002192 poultry litter ENVO:00002192 ENVO pulp and paper wastewater ENVO:00002193 pulp-bleaching waste water ENVO:00002193 ENVO ENVO:00002194 oil field production water ENVO:00002194 ENVO:00002195 Acid mine drainage which has elevated levels of pyritic acid. pyritic acid mine drainage An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002196 aquarium ENVO:00002196 An aquarium is a vivarium which simulates the submerged portions of an aquatic environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A saline water aquarium is an aquarium which contains saline water as its primary ecological medium. ENVO salt water aquarium ENVO:00002197 saline water aquarium ENVO:00002197 A fresh water aquarium is an aquarium which contains fresh water as its primary ecological medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresh_water_aquarium ENVO ENVO:00002198 fresh water aquarium ENVO:00002198 ENVO:00002199 A beach which is primarily composed of sand. sandy beach ENVO:00002200 Water ice which has formed by the freezing of sea water. Parse comment from GCW and new subclases where appropriate. http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeaIce https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. sea ice In the United States, NOAA sea ice operations does not include superstructure icing as being sea ice. In sea ice operations however, sea ice is any form of ice found at sea which has originated from the freezing of sea water. It presents the main kind of floating ice encountered at sea. Except where it forms ridges, sea ice is up to a few metres thick, in which respect it differs from shelf ice. Sea ice may be discontinuous pieces (ice floes) moved on the ocean surface by wind and currents (pack ice), or a motionless sheet attached to the coast (land-fast ice). In brief, it forms first as lolly ice (frazil crystals), thickens into sludge, and coagulates into sheet ice, pancake ice, or into floes of various shapes and sizes. Thereafter, sea ice may develop into pack ice and/or become a form of pressure ice. Sea ice less than one year old is called first-year ice. Perennial ice is sea ice that survives at least one summer. It may be subdivided into second-year ice and multi-year ice, where multiyear ice has survived at least two summers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:00002201 Organically enriched sediment which has increased levels of cis-dichloroethane. cis-dichloroethane contaminated sediment ENVO:00002202 Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of organic compounds. organically enriched sediment ENVO:00002203 Chemically-enriched sediment which has increased levels of inorganic compounds. inorganically enriched sediment ENVO:00002204 An anthropogenic geographic feature which has increased levels of contaminants in its consituent materials. anthropogenic contamination feature ENVO:00002205 A dump which contains ammunition, or other material intended for use during combat, that still has the potential to explode. unexploded-ordnance dump coal mine waste ENVO coal refuse ENVO:00002206 coal mine waste material ENVO:00002206 self-heating coal mine waste ENVO ENVO:00002207 self-heating coal mine waste material ENVO:00002207 ENVO:00002209 Saline lake sediment is sediment which covers the bottom of a saline lake. soda lake sediment saline lake sediment ENVO:00002210 An aerobic bioreactive which contains microbial communities capable of sulfide oxidation. aerobic sulfide-oxidizing bioreactor ENVO:00002211 An anaerobic biorector which uses elevated temperatures and appropriate chemical substrates to support the production of methane by microbial communities. thermophilic anaerobic methanogenic reactor An anaerobic biorector which uses elevated temperatures and appropriate chemical substrates to support the production of methane by microbial communities. ENVO ENVO:00002212 thermophilic granular sludge ENVO:00002212 ENVO:00002213 An anaerobic bioreactor which is capable of treating wastewater through the action of methanogenic microbes which form a blanket of sludge due to the upward flow in the reactor. This can be unpacked with some hierarchies of different bioreactors. anaerobic sludge blanket reactor An anaerobic bioreactor which is capable of treating wastewater through the action of methanogenic microbes which form a blanket of sludge due to the upward flow in the reactor. A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. SWEETRealm:PowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_plant generating plant generating station power station powerhouse ENVO ENVO:00002214 power plant ENVO:00002214 A power plant is a building which contains one or more generators which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_station A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. SWEETRealm:GeothermalPowerPlant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002215 geothermal power plant ENVO:00002215 A geothermal power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the Earth's mantle and crust as well as primordial heat left over from the formation of the Earth to drive its generators. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal_energy Currently, this is limited to the Viridiplantae. This may be changed. FOODON:00001015 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable ENVO ENVO:00002216 obsolete plant food product true ENVO:00002216 FOODON:00001016 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage ENVO ENVO:00002217 obsolete cabbage product true ENVO:00002217 FOODON:00001017 ENVO ENVO:00002218 obsolete commercial yogurt true ENVO:00002218 FOODON:00001018 ENVO ENVO:00002219 obsolete cheese starter culture true ENVO:00002219 ENVO ENVO:00002220 obsolete cheese spoilage true ENVO:00002220 ENVO:00002221 A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping retail shop retail store retailer shop A building in which a business presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shopping A shop in which a business offers food products for sale or trade. ENVO ENVO:00002222 Whether food is the primary product offered by the business or simply one of the products it offers is not specified in this class. food shop ENVO:00002222 ENVO:00002223 Water which has very low concentrations of nutrients. oligotrophic water Water which has very low concentrations of nutrients. MA:ma ENVO:00002224 Water with a high nutrient level. eutrophic water Water with a high nutrient level. MA:ma Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. ENVO ENVO:00002225 mesotrophic water ENVO:00002225 Water with a nutrient level intermediate between eutrophic and oligotrophic. MA:ma ENVO:00002226 A channel which is constructed by removing materials from land or submerged beds. SWEETRealm:Borehole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borehole borehole A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). ENVO:01000307 salt water habitat ENVO ENVO:00002227 obsolete saline water habitat true ENVO:00002227 A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre). NM:nm ENVO ENVO:00002228 pond water ENVO:00002228 ENVO:00002229 Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenosol psamment sandy soil arenosol Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf sandy soil ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 ENVO:00002230 Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. anthrosol Anthrosols comprise soils that have been modified profoundly through human activities, such as addition of organic materials or household wastes, irrigation and cultivation. http://anzsoil.org/anzsoilml/ http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. ENVO ENVO:00002231 alisol ENVO:00002231 Alisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Alisols have a low base saturation at certain depths and high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon. They lack the albeluvic tonguing as in Albeluvisols. They occur predominantly in humid tropical, humid subtropical and warm temperate regions. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002232 Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. andosol Andosols are soils that develop in volcanic ejecta or glasses under almost any climate (except under hyperarid climate conditions). However, Andosols may also develop in other silicate-rich materials under acid weathering in humid and perhumid climates. Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002233 albeluvisol ENVO:00002233 Albeluvisols are soils that have, beginning within 1 m of the soil surface, a clay illuviation horizon with an irregular or broken upper boundary resulting in tonguing of bleached soil material into the illuviation horizon. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrisol ENVO ENVO:00002234 acrisol ENVO:00002234 Acrisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Acrisols have in certain depths a low base saturation and low-activity clays. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002235 Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. cambisol Cambisols combine soils with at least an incipient subsurface soil formation. Transformation of parent material is evident from structure formation and mostly brownish discoloration, increasing clay percentage, and/or carbonate removal. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002236 Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosol gelisol cryosol Cryosols comprise mineral soils formed in a permafrost environment. Where water is present, it occurs primarily in the form of ice. Cryogenic processes are the dominant soil-forming processes. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernozem ENVO black earth boroll ENVO:00002237 chernozem ENVO:00002237 Chernozems are soils with a thick black surface layer that is rich in organic matter. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002238 Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durisol durisol Durisols are associated mainly with old surfaces in arid and semi-arid environments and accommodate very shallow to moderately deep, moderately well- to well-drained soils that contain cemented secondary silica (SiO2) within 100 cm of the soil surface. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002239 Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. calcarosol calcisol Calcisols are soils in which there is substantial secondary accumulation of lime. Calcisols are common in highly calcareous parent materials and widespread in arid and semi-arid environments. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. ENVO ENVO:00002240 kastanozem ENVO:00002240 Kastanozems are dry grassland soils, among them the zonal soils of the short-grass steppe belt, south of the Eurasian tall-grass steppe belt with Chernozems. Kastanozems have a similar profile to that of Chernozems but the humus-rich surface horizon is thinner and not as dark as that of the Chernozems and they show more prominent accumulation of secondary carbonates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002241 Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. gravelly soil stony soil leptosol Leptosols are very shallow soils over continuous rock and soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Leptosols are azonal soils and particularly common in mountainous regions. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lixisol ENVO ENVO:00002242 lixisol ENVO:00002242 Lixisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Lixisols have a high base saturation and low-activity clays at certain depths. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002243 Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histosol histosol Histosols comprise soils formed in organic material. These vary from soils developed in predominantly moss peat in boreal, arctic and subarctic regions, via moss peat, reeds/ sedge peat (fen) and forest peat in temperate regions to mangrove peat and swamp forest peat in the humid tropics. Histosols are found at all altitudes, but the vast majority occurs in lowlands. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleysol ENVO gley soil ENVO:00002244 gleysol ENVO:00002244 Gleysols are wetland soils that, unless drained, are saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern. This pattern is essentially made up of reddish, brownish or yellowish colours at ped surfaces and/or in the upper soil layer or layers, in combination with greyish/bluish colours inside the peds and/or deeper in the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsisol ENVO ENVO:00002245 gypsisol ENVO:00002245 Gypsisols are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (calcium sulfate). These soils are found in the driest parts of the arid climate zone. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002246 Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferralsol oxisol ferralsol Ferralsols represent the classical, deeply weathered, red or yellow soils of the humid tropics. These soils have diffuse horizon boundaries, a clay assemblage dominated by low-activity clays (mainly kaolinite) and a high content of sesquioxides. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002247 Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. nitisol Nitisols are deep, well-drained, red, tropical soils with diffuse horizon boundaries and a subsurface horizon with more than 30 percent clay and moderate to strong angular blocky structure elements that easily fall apart into characteristic shiny, polyhedric (nutty) elements. Weathering is relatively advanced but Nitisols are far more productive than most other red, tropical soils. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002248 Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. luvisol Luvisols are soils that have a higher clay content in the subsoil than in the topsoil as a result of pedogenetic processes (especially clay migration) leading to an argic subsoil horizon. Luvisols have high-activity clays throughout the argic horizon and a high base saturation at certain depths. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. ENVO ENVO:00002249 phaeozem ENVO:00002249 Phaeozems accommodate soils of relatively wet grassland and forest regions in moderately continental climates. Phaeozems are much like Chernozems and Kastanozems but are leached more intensively. Consequently, they have dark, humus rich surface horizons that, in comparison with Chernozems and Kastanozems, are less rich in bases. Phaeozems may or may not have secondary carbonates but have a high base saturation in the upper metre of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. ENVO ENVO:00002250 plinthosol ENVO:00002250 Plinthosols are soils with plinthite, petroplinthite or pisoliths. Plinthite is an Fe-rich (in some cases also Mn-rich), humus-poor mixture of kaolinitic clay (and other products of strong weathering such as gibbsite) with quartz and other constituents that changes irreversibly to a layer with hard nodules, a hardpan or irregular aggregates on exposure to repeated wetting and drying. Petroplinthite is a continuous, fractured or broken sheet of connected, strongly cemented to indurated nodules or mottles. Pisoliths are discrete strongly cemented to indurated nodules. Both petroplinthite and pisoliths develop from plinthite by hardening. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. ENVO ENVO:00002251 planosol ENVO:00002251 Planosols are soils with a light-coloured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonchak ENVO ENVO:00002252 solonchak ENVO:00002252 Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002253 Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrisol umbrisol Umbrisols are soils in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil (in most cases with low base saturation) to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol ENVO ENVO:00002254 vertisol ENVO:00002254 A soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years. Alternate shrinking and swelling causes self-mulching, where the soil material consistently mixes itself, causing vertisols to have an extremely deep A horizon and no B horizon. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertisol Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solonetz ENVO ENVO:00002255 solonetz ENVO:00002255 Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5). FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regosol ENVO ENVO:00002256 regosol ENVO:00002256 Regosols form a taxonomic remnant group containing all soils that could not be accommodated in any of the other RSGs. In practice, Regosols are very weakly developed mineral soils in unconsolidated materials that do not have a mollic or umbric horizon, are not very shallow or very rich in gravels (Leptosols), sandy (Arenosols) or with fluvic materials (Fluvisols). Regosols are extensive in eroding lands, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas and in mountainous terrain. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002257 Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podzol podsol podosolic soil podzol Podzols are soils with a typically ash-grey upper subsurface horizon, bleached by loss of organic matter and iron oxides, on top of a dark accumulation horizon with brown, reddish or black illuviated humus and/or reddish Fe compounds. Podzols occur in humid areas in the boreal and temperate zones and locally also in the tropics. http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf ENVO:00002258 A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay. EcoLexicon:loam SWEETRealm:Loam Some authorities consider loam to be any soil material that contains 7 to 27% clay, 28 to 50% silt, and less than 52% sand. loam A soil which is composed of approximately equal proportions of sand and silt, with a smaller proportion of clay. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loam Some authorities consider loam to be any soil material that contains 7 to 27% clay, 28 to 50% silt, and less than 52% sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html ENVO:00002259 Soil which is part of an ecosystem used for agricultural activities. agricultural soil ENVO:00002260 Soil which is part of some dune. dune soil ENVO:00002261 A portion of soil which is found in a forested area. forest soil ENVO:00002262 Soil which is primarily composed of clay. clay soil ENVO:00002263 A portion of soil which is found in a garden. garden soil A material which is not the desired output of a process and which is typically the input of a process which removes it from its producer (e.g. a disposal process). This seems more like a role than a material. Anything can be waste. Thus, a "waste" role or disposition will be created and this class can then be populated by inference: any environmental material which has [role,disposition] waste will be considered a waste material. EcoLexicon:waste SWEETRealm:Waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste ENVO ENVO:00002264 waste material ENVO:00002264 Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities ENVO:01000371 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_waste ENVO ENVO:00002265 obsolete agricultural waste true ENVO:00002265 Wastewater produced in the course of agricultural activities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment chicken breeding waste ENVO chicken yard waste ENVO:00002266 chicken breeding waste material ENVO:00002266 Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with industrial entities. industrial waste ENVO ENVO:00002267 industrial waste material ENVO:00002267 Industrial wastes are liquid, solid and gaseous wastes originating from the manufacture of specific products. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1340 ENVO:00002268 A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. sphagnum bog A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum. MA:ma ENVO:00002269 A cline across which temperature changes rapidly. EcoLexicon:thermocline SWEETRealm:Thermocline https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline thermocline A cline across which temperature changes rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocline ENVO:00002270 A cline across which the chemical composition of a fluid changes rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline This cline is typically horizontal, with qualities varying with depth. chemocline A cline across which the chemical composition of a fluid changes rapidly. MA:ma A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO ENVO:00002271 nuclear power plant ENVO:00002271 A nuclear power plant is a power plant which uses heat generated by a radioactive decay in a nuclear reactor to convert water into steam in order to drive turbines in electrical generators through pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_plant ENVO:00002272 WWTP waste treatment plant ENVO:00002273 Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluvisols fluvisol Fluvisols accommodate genetically young, azonal soils in alluvial deposits. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. ENVO ENVO:00002274 stagnosol ENVO:00002274 Stagnosols are soils with a perched water table showing redoximorphic features caused by surface water. Stagnosols are periodically wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. ENVO ENVO:00002275 technosol ENVO:00002275 Technosols are soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin. They contain a significant amount of artefacts (something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), or are sealed by technic hard rock (material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with geomembranes and constructed soils in human-made materials. FAO:http://fao.org/ag/agl/agll/wrb/doc/wrb2006final.pdf This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with animal metabolism. animal waste SWEETRealm:AnimalWaste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_waste ENVO ENVO:00002276 animal waste material ENVO:00002276 ENVO:00002277 A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. basin EcoLexicon:basin SWEETRealm:BackArcBasin SWEETRealm:Basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-arc_basin backarc basin back-arc basin A depression in the sea floor that results from the collision of continental plates; the weight of the sinking plate causes the overlying plate to stretch and thin, causing a basin in the overlying plate. Sometimes, the Earth's crust in these basins stretches so much it cracks, allowing magma through from the mantle beneath. Hence, basins often contain active volcanoes and hydrothermal vents. webpage:http://www.venturedeepocean.org/vents/stretching.html ENVO:00002297 OBSOLETE A material entity which determines an environmental system. A material entity determines an environmental system when its removal would cause the collapse of that system. For example, a seamount determines a seamount environment, acting as its 'hub'. This class is currently being aligned to the Basic Formal Ontology. Following this alignment, its definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. obsolete environmental feature true OBSOLETE A material entity which determines an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 NM:nm ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:00002450 A structural basin that is below sea level. EcoLexicon:ocean_basin https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_basin This class is defined in its geological sense. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_basin. Hydrologically, an oceanic basin may be anywhere on Earth that is covered by seawater, but geologically ocean basins are large geologic basins that are below sea level. Geologically, there are other undersea geomorphological features such as the continental shelves, the deep ocean trenches, and the undersea mountain ranges (for example, the mid-Atlantic ridge) which are not considered to be part of the ocean basins; while hydrologically, oceanic basins include the flanking continental shelves and shallow, epeiric seas. ocean basin A structural basin that is below sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_basin Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay ENVO ENVO:00002869 hay ENVO:00002869 Hay is grass, legumes or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing livestock such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay ENVO:00002870 A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). adobe A natural building material mode from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material (sticks, straw, and/or manure). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe ENVO:00002871 Soil which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_soil alluvial soil ENVO:00002872 The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse sugarcane bagasse bagasse The biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse This should probably be merged with biological waste material. organic waste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_waste ENVO ENVO:00002873 organic waste material ENVO:00002873 ENVO:00002874 A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. A/C A/C unit air conditioner air conditioning unit A manufactuered product which is capable of removing heat and controlling the humidity of the air within a site. ENVO:00002875 Soil which has elevated concentrations of oil. oil contaminated soil ENVO:00002926 warm seep ENVO:00002982 Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:clay SWEETRealm:Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. clay Particulate environmental material which 1) is composed primarily of clay particles, with only minor proportions of other materials, 2) demonstrates plasticity when wet, and 3) is capable of hardening when dried or fired. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities.The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. Similar mixtures with greater than 40% clay are often considered clay soils. ENVO:00002983 An oil which 1) is liquid at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees Celsius) 2) is intended to be burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, 3) is obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue, 4) composed of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. furnace oil heavy oil marine fuel Oils having a flash point of approximately 42 degrees Celsius and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners are not typically considered fuel oils. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, i.e., heavier than gasoline and naphtha. fuel oil An oil which 1) is liquid at room temperature (approximately 20 degrees Celsius) 2) is intended to be burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, 3) is obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue, 4) composed of long hydrocarbon chains, particularly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil Oils having a flash point of approximately 42 degrees Celsius and oils burned in cotton or wool-wick burners are not typically considered fuel oils. The term fuel oil is also used in a stricter sense to refer only to the heaviest commercial fuel that can be obtained from crude oil, i.e., heavier than gasoline and naphtha. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_oil ENVO:00002984 A naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum crude oil petroleum A naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the planetary surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum ENVO:00002985 A nonpolar, hydrophobic, and lipophilic material which is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures (about 20 degrees Celsius) or slightly warmer. EcoLexicon:oil oil A nonpolar, hydrophobic, and lipophilic material which is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures (about 20 degrees Celsius) or slightly warmer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil ENVO:00000446 ENVO ENVO:00002986 obsolete Udvardy biome true ENVO:00002986 ENVO:01000196 ENVO:01000215 ENVO:01000216 ENVO:01000221 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_sclerophyllous_forests,_scrub,_or_woodlands ENVO ENVO:00002987 obsolete Evergreen sclerophyllous forests, scrub, or woodlands true ENVO:00002987 ENVO:01000193 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_grasslands ENVO ENVO:00002988 obsolete Temperate grasslands true ENVO:00002988 ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000221 ENVO ENVO:00002989 obsolete Temperate broad-leaf forests or woodlands and subpolar deciduous thickets true ENVO:00002989 ENVO:01000227 ENVO ENVO:00002990 obsolete Tropical dry or deciduous forests (including Monsoon forests) or woodlands true ENVO:00002990 ENVO:01000202 ENVO:01000221 ENVO:01000222 ENVO:01000226 ENVO ENVO:00002991 obsolete Subtropical and temperate rainforests or woodlands true ENVO:00002991 ENVO:01000211 ENVO:01000221 ENVO ENVO:00002992 obsolete Temperate needle-leaf forests or woodlands true ENVO:00002992 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00002993 obsolete Tropical humid forests true ENVO:00002993 ENVO ENVO:00002994 obsolete Mixed island systems true ENVO:00002994 ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00002995 obsolete Tundra communities and barren Arctic deserts true ENVO:00002995 ENVO ENVO:00002996 obsolete Mixed mountain and highland systems with complex zonation true ENVO:00002996 ENVO:01000182 ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00002997 obsolete Cold-winter (continental) deserts and semideserts true ENVO:00002997 ENVO:01000182 ENVO:01000183 ENVO:01000184 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00002998 obsolete Warm deserts and semideserts true ENVO:00002998 ENVO:00000446 ENVO ENVO:00002999 obsolete Bailey biome true ENVO:00002999 ENVO:01000186 ENVO ENVO:00003000 obsolete Polar Domain (100) true ENVO:00003000 ENVO ENVO:00003001 obsolete Humid Temperate Domain (200) true ENVO:00003001 ENVO:01000179 ENVO ENVO:00003002 obsolete Dry Domain (300) true ENVO:00003002 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003003 obsolete Humid Tropical Domain (400) true ENVO:00003003 ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003004 obsolete Tundra Divsion (120) true ENVO:00003004 ENVO ENVO:00003005 obsolete Subarctic Division - Mountain Provinces (M130) true ENVO:00003005 ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003006 obsolete Subarctic Division (130) true ENVO:00003006 ENVO:01000180 ENVO ENVO:00003007 obsolete Tundra Division - Mountain Provinces (M120) true ENVO:00003007 ENVO ENVO:00003008 obsolete Hot Continental Division (220) true ENVO:00003008 ENVO:01000184 ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000201 ENVO:01000209 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000222 ENVO ENVO:00003009 obsolete Subtropical Division (230) true ENVO:00003009 ENVO ENVO:00003010 obsolete Warm Continental Division (210) true ENVO:00003010 ENVO ENVO:00003011 obsolete Warm Continental Division - Mountain Provinces (M210) true ENVO:00003011 ENVO ENVO:00003012 obsolete Subtropical Division - Mountain Provinces (M230) true ENVO:00003012 ENVO ENVO:00003013 obsolete Hot Continental Division - Mountain Provinces (M220) true ENVO:00003013 ENVO ENVO:00003014 obsolete Marine Division (240) true ENVO:00003014 ENVO ENVO:00003015 obsolete Marine Division - Mountain Provinces (M240) true ENVO:00003015 ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00003016 obsolete Prairie Division (250) true ENVO:00003016 ENVO:01000199 ENVO:01000208 ENVO:01000217 ENVO:01000224 ENVO:01000229 ENVO ENVO:00003017 obsolete Mediterranean Division (260) true ENVO:00003017 ENVO ENVO:00003018 obsolete Mediterranean Division - Mountain Provinces (M260) true ENVO:00003018 ENVO:01000183 ENVO:01000184 ENVO ENVO:00003019 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Desert Division (320) true ENVO:00003019 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003020 obsolete Rainforest Division (420) true ENVO:00003020 ENVO:01000182 ENVO ENVO:00003021 obsolete Temperate Desert Division (340) true ENVO:00003021 ENVO ENVO:00003022 obsolete Temperate Desert Division - Mountain Provinces (M340) true ENVO:00003022 ENVO:01000189 ENVO:01000193 ENVO:01000215 ENVO ENVO:00003023 obsolete Temperate Steppe Division (330) true ENVO:00003023 ENVO ENVO:00003024 obsolete Temperate Steppe Division - Mountain Provinces (M330) true ENVO:00003024 ENVO ENVO:00003025 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division - Mountain Provinces (M310) true ENVO:00003025 ENVO:01000187 ENVO:01000188 ENVO:01000191 ENVO:01000192 ENVO:01000213 ENVO:01000214 ENVO:01000218 ENVO ENVO:00003026 obsolete Tropical/Subtropical Steppe Division (310) true ENVO:00003026 ENVO:01000228 ENVO ENVO:00003027 obsolete Rainforest Division - Mountain Provinces (M420) true ENVO:00003027 ENVO:01000178 ENVO ENVO:00003028 obsolete Savanna Division (410) true ENVO:00003028 ENVO:01000223 ENVO ENVO:00003029 obsolete Savanna Division - Mountain Provinces (M410) true ENVO:00003029 A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage ENVO ENVO:00003030 silage ENVO:00003030 A fermented, high-moisture forage that can be fed to ruminants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silage ENVO:00003031 Manure which is derived from the waste products of animals. This is interesting in that the "role" aspect of "waste" is (or can be) replaced by another role "fertilizer". Thus, the positioning of "manure" under waste may not be totally correct. animal manure ENVO ENVO:00003032 fresh animal manure ENVO:00003032 A compost which generally consists of a combination of wheat straw, dried blood, horse manure and ground chalk, composted together and is the residual compost waste generated by industrial mushroom production. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_compost ENVO ENVO:00003033 mushroom compost ENVO:00003033 FOODON:00001019 ENVO ENVO:00003037 obsolete wort true ENVO:00003037 FOODON:00001020 ENVO ENVO:00003038 obsolete beer wort true ENVO:00003038 FOODON:00001021 ENVO ENVO:00003039 obsolete acifified beer wort true ENVO:00003039 ENVO:00003040 A house used for sheltering non-human animals. While humans are animals, this class does not refer to human houses. animal house ENVO:00003041 An animal house which is used to shelter cows. byre cattle shed cow barn cow house cowhouse cowshed milking shed cow shed ENVO:00003042 An animal house which is used to house pigs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piggery piggery ENVO:00003043 A waste treatment plant which equipped to treat sewage such that its potential for environmental contamination is reduced. sewage treatment plant sewage treatment works sewage plant A waste treatment plant which equipped to treat sewage such that its potential for environmental contamination is reduced. ENVO:00003044 Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). EcoLexicon:brine SWEETRealm:Brine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. brine Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine ENVO ENVO:00003045 bacon curing brine ENVO:00003045 FOODON:00001022 Bresse Blue ENVO ENVO:00003046 obsolete Bleu de Bresse true ENVO:00003046 FOODON:00001023 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butter ENVO ENVO:00003047 obsolete butter true ENVO:00003047 FOODON:00001024 ENVO ENVO:00003048 obsolete pickled cabbage true ENVO:00003048 FOODON:00001025 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camembert ENVO ENVO:00003049 obsolete Camembert true ENVO:00003049 FOODON:00001026 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cane_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003050 obsolete cane sugar true ENVO:00003050 FOODON:00001027 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheddar ENVO ENVO:00003051 obsolete Cheddar cheese true ENVO:00003051 FOODON:00001028 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brie ENVO ENVO:00003052 obsolete Brie true ENVO:00003052 FOODON:00001029 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouda ENVO ENVO:00003053 obsolete Gouda true ENVO:00003053 FOODON:00001030 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloumi ENVO ENVO:00003054 obsolete halloumi true ENVO:00003054 FOODON:00001031 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgonzola ENVO ENVO:00003055 obsolete Gorgonzola true ENVO:00003055 FOODON:00001032 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss ENVO ENVO:00003056 obsolete Swiss cheese true ENVO:00003056 FOODON:00001033 ENVO ENVO:00003057 obsolete Emmenthal true ENVO:00003057 FOODON:00001034 Harzerkaese ENVO ENVO:00003058 obsolete Harzer true ENVO:00003058 FOODON:00001035 ENVO ENVO:00003059 obsolete New Zealand Cheddar true ENVO:00003059 FOODON:00001036 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_l'Eveque ENVO ENVO:00003060 obsolete Pont l'Eveque true ENVO:00003060 FOODON:00001037 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacherin_Mont_d'Or ENVO ENVO:00003061 obsolete Vacherin Mont d'Or true ENVO:00003061 FOODON:00001038 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork ENVO ENVO:00003062 obsolete pork true ENVO:00003062 FOODON:00001039 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cured_meat ENVO ENVO:00003063 obsolete cured meat true ENVO:00003063 Drinking water is water which may be consumed by humans with no adverse effects on their health. EcoLexicon:drinking_water SWEETRealm:DrinkingWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water potable water ENVO ENVO:00003064 drinking water ENVO:00003064 ENVO:00003065 Liquid water which is the output of a distillation process. Impurities in the original water that do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container. distilled water Liquid water which is the output of a distillation process. Impurities in the original water that do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container. FOODON:00001040 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken ENVO ENVO:00003066 obsolete chicken meat product true ENVO:00003066 FOODON:00001041 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef ENVO ENVO:00003067 obsolete beef true ENVO:00003067 FOODON:00001042 ENVO ENVO:00003068 obsolete bovine milk true ENVO:00003068 FOODON:00001043 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheep_milk sheep milk ENVO ENVO:00003069 obsolete ovine milk true ENVO:00003069 FOODON:00001044 ENVO ENVO:00003070 obsolete caprine milk true ENVO:00003070 ENVO ENVO:00003071 grass silage ENVO:00003071 FOODON:00001045 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_cream ice-cream ENVO ENVO:00003072 obsolete ice cream true ENVO:00003072 FOODON:00001046 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seafood ENVO ENVO:00003073 obsolete seafood product true ENVO:00003073 ENVO:00003074 A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. manufactured good manufactured product A material entity that has been processed by humans or their technology in any way, including intermediate products as well as final products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufactured_product ENVO ENVO:00003075 obsolete anthropogenic abiotic mesoscopic feature true ENVO:00003075 ENVO:00003076 A function realised by an environmental material when used to bind material entities together. paste https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue adhesive mucilage This sounds more like a role than a material, per se. glue A function realised by an environmental material when used to bind material entities together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glue This sounds more like a role than a material, per se. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 FOODON:00001047 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeotgal ENVO ENVO:00003077 obsolete jeotgal true ENVO:00003077 FOODON:00001048 ENVO ENVO:00003078 obsolete Meshanger cheese true ENVO:00003078 FOODON:00001049 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_chop ENVO ENVO:00003079 obsolete pork chop true ENVO:00003079 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad ENVO ENVO:00003080 obsolete salad true ENVO:00003080 ENVO:00003081 Soil which has elevated concentrations of metals. metal contaminated soil ENVO:00003082 A portion of enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of some material entity. This could be demoted to an inferred class if issues with double inheritance arise. enriched soil A portion of sarcosine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of sarcosine. ENVO ENVO:00003083 sarcosine enriched soil ENVO:00003083 A portion of trimethylamine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of trimethylamine. ENVO ENVO:00003084 trimethylamine enriched soil ENVO:00003084 A portion of skatole enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of skatole. ENVO ENVO:00003085 skatole enriched soil ENVO:00003085 ENVO:00003086 A portion of ethanol enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of ethanol. ethanol enriched soil A portion of acetamide enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of acetamide. ENVO ENVO:00003087 acetamide enriched soil ENVO:00003087 A portion of pantothenate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of pantothenate. ENVO ENVO:00003088 pantothenate enriched soil ENVO:00003088 A portion of testosterone enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of testosterone. ENVO ENVO:00003089 testosterone enriched soil ENVO:00003089 A portion of kynurenate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of kynurenate. ENVO ENVO:00003090 kynurenate enriched soil ENVO:00003090 A portion of threonine enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of threonine. ENVO ENVO:00003091 threonine enriched soil ENVO:00003091 A portion of salicylate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of salicylate. ENVO ENVO:00003092 salicylate enriched soil ENVO:00003092 ENVO:00003093 A portion of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate. poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate enriched soil A portion of L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of L-(+)-tartrate. ENVO ENVO:00003094 L-(+)-tartrate enriched soil ENVO:00003094 A portion of quinate enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of quinate. ENVO ENVO:00003095 quinate enriched soil ENVO:00003095 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water ENVO ENVO:00003096 tap water ENVO:00003096 ENVO ENVO:00003097 bore hole water ENVO:00003097 A tannery is a building in which the skins of animals are treated with chemicals to alter the structure of their constituent proteins, creating leather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannery ENVO ENVO:00003323 tannery ENVO:00003323 A tannery is a building in which the skins of animals are treated with chemicals to alter the structure of their constituent proteins, creating leather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannery FOODON:00001050 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempeh ENVO ENVO:00003779 obsolete tempeh true ENVO:00003779 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_manure ENVO ENVO:00003859 horse manure ENVO:00003859 ENVO:00003860 Manure which is primarily composed of pig feces. pig manure ENVO:00003861 An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. It's possible that this will become an inferred class in the future. The United Nations' International Standard Industrial Classification should be referred to when expanding this branch. ISIC can also be used to identify processes. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/cr/registry/regcst.asp?Cl=27&Lg=1. industrial building An industrial building is a building within which goods are produced and, optionally, stored or within which services are rendered. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy ENVO ENVO:00003862 'Terminology differs between countries. For example, in the United States, the entire dairy farm is commonly called a "dairy." The building or farm area where milk is harvested from the cow is often called a "milking parlor" or "parlor." The farm area where milk is stored in bulk tanks is known as the farm's "milk house." Milk is then hauled (usually by truck) to a "dairy plant," also referred to as a "dairy", where raw milk is further processed and prepared for commercial sale of dairy products. In New Zealand, farm areas for milk harvesting are also called "milking parlours", and are historically known as "milking sheds."' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy dairy ENVO:00003862 A dairy is a building in which animal milk is harvested and, optionally, processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy A food processing building is a building in which materials that contain or consist of essential body nutrients - such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals - and may be ingested and assimilated by an organism to produce energy, stimulate growth, and maintain life are converted alternative forms. ENVO ENVO:00003863 The semantics of food are being handled by FOODON http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/foodon.owl food processing building ENVO:00003863 ENVO:00003864 A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakery bakeshop A bakery is a food processing building and a 'food shop' at the same time. This needs to be resolved. bakery A bakery is a building in which raw flour-based food is baked in an oven to produce food products such as bread, cakes, pastries, and pies. These products are often sold from the bakery itself. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakery An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw ENVO ENVO:00003869 straw ENVO:00003869 An agricultural byproduct, the dry stalk of a cereal plant, after the nutrient grain or seed has been removed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw ENVO ENVO:00003870 rice straw ENVO:00003870 FOODON:00001051 ENVO ENVO:00003871 obsolete fermented rice beverage true ENVO:00003871 FOODON:00001052 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amasake ENVO ENVO:00003872 obsolete amasake true ENVO:00003872 FOODON:00001053 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_dairy_product ENVO ENVO:00003873 obsolete fermented dairy product true ENVO:00003873 FOODON:00001054 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_fish ENVO ENVO:00003874 obsolete fermented fish product true ENVO:00003874 FOODON:00001055 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish ENVO ENVO:00003875 obsolete sea water fish product true ENVO:00003875 FOODON:00001056 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flour ENVO ENVO:00003876 obsolete flour true ENVO:00003876 FOODON:00001057 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit ENVO ENVO:00003877 obsolete plant fruit food product true ENVO:00003877 FOODON:00001058 ENVO ENVO:00003878 obsolete fruit extract product true ENVO:00003878 FOODON:00001059 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice ENVO ENVO:00003879 obsolete apple juice true ENVO:00003879 FOODON:00001060 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awamori ENVO ENVO:00003880 obsolete awamori true ENVO:00003880 FOODON:00001061 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon ENVO ENVO:00003881 obsolete bacon true ENVO:00003881 FOODON:00001062 ENVO ENVO:00003882 obsolete fermented millet food product true ENVO:00003882 FOODON:00001063 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millet_beer ENVO bantu beer ENVO:00003883 obsolete millet beer true ENVO:00003883 ENVO ENVO:00003884 farmyard manure ENVO:00003884 A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. ENVO ENVO:00003885 brewery ENVO:00003885 A brewery is a building in which alcoholic beverages are produced by brewing, that is, steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. At times, the products are also sold from the brewery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewery https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewing FOODON:00001064 ENVO ENVO:00003886 obsolete bottled beer true ENVO:00003886 FOODON:00001065 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_cheese ENVO ENVO:00003887 obsolete blue cheese true ENVO:00003887 FOODON:00001066 ENVO ENVO:00003888 obsolete bottled fruit product true ENVO:00003888 FOODON:00001067 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttermilk ENVO ENVO:00003889 obsolete buttermilk true ENVO:00003889 FOODON:00001068 ENVO ENVO:00003890 obsolete canned fruit product true ENVO:00003890 FOODON:00001069 ENVO ENVO:00003891 obsolete fermented fruit product true ENVO:00003891 ENVO:00003893 A manufactured product which has been formulated to modifying the appearance of external human anatomical parts. cosmetic product A manufactured product which has been formulated to modifying the appearance of external human anatomical parts. ENVO:00003894 A cosmetic product which has been formulated 2) to have a viscous, fatty, liquid consistency resembling the fat-rich component of milk and 2) to be applied to human facial skin to modify its appearance or functioning. face cream product A cosmetic product which has been formulated 2) to have a viscous, fatty, liquid consistency resembling the fat-rich component of milk and 2) to be applied to human facial skin to modify its appearance or functioning. ENVO:00003895 A product which is composed primarily of paper. paper product ENVO:00003896 A paper product which is used as legal tender in economic or other monetary trasactions. bank note currency note FOODON:00001070 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miso ENVO ENVO:00003898 obsolete miso true ENVO:00003898 FOODON:00001071 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must ENVO ENVO:00003899 obsolete must true ENVO:00003899 ENVO ENVO:00003900 rye grass silage ENVO:00003900 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviation_fuel ENVO jet fuel ENVO:00003903 aviation fuel ENVO:00003903 FOODON:00001072 ENVO ENVO:00003904 obsolete yeast cake true ENVO:00003904 FOODON:00001073 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003905 obsolete vinegar true ENVO:00003905 FOODON:00001074 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malt_vinegar ENVO ENVO:00003906 obsolete malt vinegar true ENVO:00003906 FOODON:00001075 ENVO ENVO:00003907 obsolete nonfat dry milk true ENVO:00003907 ENVO ENVO:00003908 poultry deep litter ENVO:00003908 A sake brewery is a brewery which produces rice wine by fermenting rice which has been polished to remove the bran. ENVO ENVO:00003911 sake brewery ENVO:00003911 A sake brewery is a brewery which produces rice wine by fermenting rice which has been polished to remove the bran. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake FOODON:00001076 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sake ENVO ENVO:00003912 obsolete sake true ENVO:00003912 FOODON:00001077 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_pork ENVO ENVO:00003913 obsolete salt pork true ENVO:00003913 ENVO:00003914 Soil which has increased levels of chalk. chalk soil FOODON:00001078 ENVO ENVO:00003915 obsolete fermented soybean product true ENVO:00003915 ENVO:00003919 A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. research station A building or collection of co-located buildings constructed for the purpose of undertaking scientific research. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_station ENVO ENVO:00003927 stable manure ENVO:00003927 FOODON:00001079 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickle ENVO ENVO:00003928 obsolete pickled food product true ENVO:00003928 FOODON:00001080 ENVO ENVO:00003929 obsolete tape kefan true ENVO:00003929 A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum ENVO ENVO:00003930 scum ENVO:00003930 A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially water or molten metal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scum ENVO:00003963 A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. warehouse A warehouse is a building which is used for the storage of goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse A tobacco warehouse is a warehouse used to store cured leaves of plants from the genus Nicotiana, primarily N. tabacum and N. rustica. ENVO ENVO:00003964 tobacco warehouse ENVO:00003964 A tobacco warehouse is a warehouse used to store cured leaves of plants from the genus Nicotiana, primarily N. tabacum and N. rustica. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco ENVO ENVO:00003965 anaerobic digester sludge ENVO:00003965 FOODON:00001081 ENVO ENVO:00003966 obsolete Bondon cheese true ENVO:00003966 A creamery is a part of a dairy where cream is separated from whole milk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creamery ENVO ENVO:00003967 creamery ENVO:00003967 An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter ENVO ENVO:00003968 This is a general definition derived from the definitions for particulate, chemical, and other air filters. Subclasses should be created if needed. air filter ENVO:00003968 An air filter is a device that removes some substance from air. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_filter FOODON:00001082 ENVO ENVO:00003969 obsolete bitter cheese true ENVO:00003969 FOODON:00001083 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar ENVO ENVO:00003970 obsolete sugar true ENVO:00003970 FOODON:00001084 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_sugar ENVO ENVO:00003971 obsolete brown sugar true ENVO:00003971 FOODON:00001085 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporated_milk ENVO ENVO:00003972 obsolete evaporated milk product true ENVO:00003972 FOODON:00001086 ENVO ENVO:00003973 obsolete kefir true ENVO:00003973 FOODON:00001087 ENVO:0010145 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oil ENVO ENVO:00003975 obsolete vegetable oil true ENVO:00003975 FOODON:00001088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linseed_oil ENVO ENVO:00003976 obsolete linseed oil true ENVO:00003976 FOODON:00001089 ENVO ENVO:00003977 obsolete maize flour true ENVO:00003977 ENVO ENVO:00003978 potato silage ENVO:00003978 FOODON:00001090 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour_milk ENVO ENVO:00003979 obsolete sour milk true ENVO:00003979 FOODON:00001091 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dried_milk ENVO ENVO:00003980 obsolete dried milk product true ENVO:00003980 ENVO:00003982 Limestone which is deposited from the water of mineral springs or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine travertine Limestone which is deposited from the water of mineral springs or streams saturated with calcium carbonate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travertine ENVO:00004638 A building within which logs are cut into lumber products. sawmill A building within which logs are cut into lumber products. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawmill A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_field karst polje ENVO ENVO:00004683 karst field ENVO:00004683 A large flat plain in karst territory with areas usually 5 to 400 sqaure kilometres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karst_field karst polje https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polje ENVO:00005738 An environmental material which has the quality of a foam. foamy environmental material An environmental material which has the quality of a foam. A foamy environmental material which 1) is created by the agitation of seawater, 2) whose stability depends on the content of the seawater. ENVO ENVO:00005739 The lifetime of sea foam can vary from only seconds to several hours or days. The longer-lasting foam are formed in particular when seawater contain higher concentration of dissolved organic matter that derived from sources such as algal blooms. sea foam ENVO:00005739 A foamy environmental material which 1) is created by the agitation of seawater, 2) whose stability depends on the content of the seawater. The lifetime of sea foam can vary from only seconds to several hours or days. The longer-lasting foam are formed in particular when seawater contain higher concentration of dissolved organic matter that derived from sources such as algal blooms. ENVO:00005740 Soil which is part of a paddy field. rice paddy soil paddy field soil ENVO:00005741 Soil which is part of an alpine environment. alpine soil ENVO:00005742 Soil which is capable of supporting the growth of crops. arable soil Soil which is capable of supporting the growth of crops. A portion of soil which is found in a roadside area. ENVO ENVO:00005743 roadside soil ENVO:00005743 ENVO:00005744 Soil which is part of an allotment garden. allotment garden soil ENVO:00005745 A garden which is made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. allotment community garden Allotments gardens are so named as they are typically subdivisions (lots) of a larger piece of land. allotment garden A garden which is made available for individual, non-commercial gardening or growing food plants. ENVO:00005746 A portion of soil which is found in a savanna. savanna soil ENVO:00005747 Soil which is derived from compost. compost soil ENVO:00005748 Soil which has little to no water content and in which minerals and other soluble chemical entities have either bonded or become adsorbed to sold particles due to insufficient water availability. dry soil ENVO:00005749 A portion of soil which is part of a cropland or a rangeland biome. farm soil ENVO:00005750 A portion of soil which is found in a grassland. grassland soil ENVO:00005751 Soil which is part of a densely forested area subject to tropical climate patterns. jungle soil ENVO:00005752 Soil which is part of a sawah, a wet or irrigated rice field. sawah soil Soil which is part of a sawah, a wet or irrigated rice field. A portion of urea enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of urea. ENVO ENVO:00005753 urea enriched soil ENVO:00005753 ENVO:00005754 Soil which has been amended with fertilizers. fertilized soil ENVO:00005755 Soil which is part of an agricultural field. field soil ENVO:00005756 Soil which is formulated to promote the growth of grasses or other plants used to establish managed areas of vegetation. lawn soil Soil which is formulated to promote the growth of grasses or other plants used to establish managed areas of vegetation. A portion of bacteria enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated bacterial abundance. ENVO ENVO:00005757 bacteria enriched soil ENVO:00005757 ENVO:00005758 A portion of alluvial soil which is part of a swamp ecosystem. alluvial swamp soil ENVO:00005759 Alluvial soil whichi is part of a paddy field. alluvial paddy field soil ENVO:00005760 Soil which has been transformed through a combustion process. burnt soil burned soil ENVO:00005761 Soil which is part of a meadow. meadow soil A portion of chloropicrin enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of chloropicrin. ENVO ENVO:00005762 chloropicrin enriched soil ENVO:00005762 ENVO:00005763 Soil which 1) has increased levels of humus, 2) has low pH levels, 3) has increased levels of mineral ash. humus-rich acidic ash soil ENVO:00005764 Soil which is adjacent to a pond. pond soil ENVO:00005765 Compost soil which is frozen. frozen compost soil ENVO:00005766 Soil which has been amended with mineral additives to increase its pH. Common liming agents include calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime. Liming often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Liming can also improve aggregate stability on clay soils. For this purpose structure lime, products containing calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in mixes with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are often used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. limed soil Soil which has been amended with mineral additives to increase its pH. Common liming agents include calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, burnt lime or hydrated lime. Liming often improves plant growth and increases the activity of soil bacteria, but oversupply may result in harm to plant life. Liming can also improve aggregate stability on clay soils. For this purpose structure lime, products containing calcium oxide (CaO) or hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in mixes with calcium carbonate (CaCO3), are often used. Structure liming can reduce losses of clay and nutrients from soil aggregates. ENVO:00005767 Soil which has, as a part, a portion of either fresh or processed animal manure. manured soil ENVO:00005768 Soil which has properties to which plants in the Family Orchidaceae have adapted, including increased levels of aeration and drainage. orchid soil ENVO:00005769 Soil which is part of a forest growing on a mountain. mountain forest soil ENVO:00005770 Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Fagus. beech forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Fagus. ENVO:00005771 Soil which is composed of a large proportion of mud, thus having properties resembling mud. muddy soil ENVO:00005772 Soil in which trees from an orchard grow. orchard soil ENVO:00005773 Soil which is found in a pasture and in which vegetation, such as the grass used for the grazing of ungulates, grows. pasture soil ENVO:00005774 A histosol which is formed by the decomposition of vegetation or organic matter. turf EcoLexicon:peat SWEETRealm:Peat peat peat soil A histosol which is formed by the decomposition of vegetation or organic matter. peat ENVO:00005775 Soil which has elevated concentrations of sodium chloride. salty soil salt contaminated soil ENVO:00005776 Paddy field soil which has increased levels of peat. peaty paddy field soil ENVO:00005777 A portion of soil which is found in a steppe. steppe soil ENVO:00005778 Soil which is part of a tropical environment. tropical soil ENVO:00005779 Garden soil which is part of a garden used for the cultivation of vegetables. vegetable garden soil ENVO:00005780 A portion of soil which is found in a greenhouse. greenhouse soil ENVO:00005781 Soil which is has been heated such that its chemical, physical, or biological properties are destabilised. heat stressed soil ENVO:00005782 Soil which is formed from avian fecal matter. ornithogenic soil Soil which is formed from avian fecal matter. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-46-4-841 http://phenomena.nationalgeographic.com/2015/01/20/science-word-of-the-day-ornithogenic/ ENVO:00005783 Soil which is part of a woodland dominated by leafy trees. leafy wood soil ENVO:00005784 Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Picea. spruce forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Picea. ENVO:00005785 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_soil Incorrect equivalence axiom. obsolete volcanic soil true ENVO:00005786 Soil which is part of some elevated land. upland soil Soil which is part of some elevated land. ENVO:00005787 Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Eucalyptus. eucalyptus forest soil Soil which is part of a forest whose communites of arborescent plants are dominated the genus Eucalyptus. ENVO:00005788 Soil which is part of a rubber plantation. rubber plantation soil Bluegrass field soil is a soil which is found in a field of Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis). ENVO ENVO:00005789 bluegrass field soil ENVO:00005789 ENVO:00005790 Soil which has 1) low concentrations of nutrients and humus, 2) low water retention capacity, 3) textural variation from sand to clay, 4) a porous and friable structure, and 5) low concentrations of soluble salts. Red soil typically derives from crystalline rock in warm, temperate, moist climates under deciduous or mixed forest. It has thin organic and organic-mineral layers, a black brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. The majority of red soils have a loamy texture. Their chemical composition varies across regions, but often includes non-soluble material 90.47%, iron 3.61%, aluminium 2.92%, organic matter 1.01%, magnesium 0.70%, lime 0.56%, carbon dioxide 0.30%, potash 0.24%, soda 0.12%, phosphorus 0.09% and nitrogen 0.08%. On the uplands, they are thin, poor and gravelly, sandy, or stony and porous, light-colored soils on which food crops like bajra can be grown. In contrast, on the lower plains and valleys they are rich, deep, dark colored fertile loam on which, under irrigation, can produce excellent crops like cotton, wheat, pulses, tobacco, jowar, linseed, millet, potatoes and fruits. red soil Soil which has 1) low concentrations of nutrients and humus, 2) low water retention capacity, 3) textural variation from sand to clay, 4) a porous and friable structure, and 5) low concentrations of soluble salts. Red soil typically derives from crystalline rock in warm, temperate, moist climates under deciduous or mixed forest. It has thin organic and organic-mineral layers, a black brown leached layer resting on an illuvium red layer. The majority of red soils have a loamy texture. Their chemical composition varies across regions, but often includes non-soluble material 90.47%, iron 3.61%, aluminium 2.92%, organic matter 1.01%, magnesium 0.70%, lime 0.56%, carbon dioxide 0.30%, potash 0.24%, soda 0.12%, phosphorus 0.09% and nitrogen 0.08%. On the uplands, they are thin, poor and gravelly, sandy, or stony and porous, light-colored soils on which food crops like bajra can be grown. In contrast, on the lower plains and valleys they are rich, deep, dark colored fertile loam on which, under irrigation, can produce excellent crops like cotton, wheat, pulses, tobacco, jowar, linseed, millet, potatoes and fruits. ENVO:00005791 Sterile water is water which does not contain lliving organisms. sterile water ENVO:00005792 Water which has physicochemical properties determined by processes which occur beneath the planetary crust. SWEETRealm:UndergroundWater subterranean water This class references any water that's under a planetary surface. For water that is in an aquifer, see "groundwater" (ENVO:01001004). Previously, this class included both. underground water ENVO ENVO:00005793 muddy water ENVO:00005793 ENVO ENVO:00005794 water scum ENVO:00005794 ENVO:00005795 Mud which is part of a marine ecosystem. marine mud ENVO ENVO:00005796 marine sludge ENVO:00005796 ENVO:00005797 Mud which constitutes the bed of a lake. lake bottom mud ENVO ENVO:00005798 acid dune sand ENVO:00005798 ENVO ENVO:00005799 rocky sand ENVO:00005799 ENVO:00005800 Sand which is part of a desert. desert sand ENVO:00005801 The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. LTER:472 rhizosphere The narrow region of soil that is directly influenced by root secretions and associated soil microorganisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizosphere_%28ecology%29 Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil ENVO ENVO:00005802 bulk soil ENVO:00005802 Soil that is not penetrated by the root systems of plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_soil ENVO:00005803 The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. constructed animal dwelling den nest This class represents habitations of non-human animals. This distinction may be removed in future releases. animal habitation The dwelling of an animal or group of similar animals. MA:ma A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. ant nest ant's nest ENVO ant hill ENVO:00005804 nest of ant ENVO:00005804 A pile of earth, sand, pine needles, or clay or a composite of these and other materials that build up at the entrances of the subterranean dwellings of ant colonies as they are excavated. A colony is built and maintained by legions of worker ants, who carry tiny bits of dirt and pebbles in their mandibles and deposit them near the exit of the colony. They normally deposit the dirt or vegetation at the top of the hill to prevent it from sliding back into the colony, but in some species they actively sculpt the materials into specific shapes, and may create nest chambers within the mound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant_colony#Ant-hills A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. bird nest bird's nest eyrie ENVO ENVO:00005805 nest of bird ENVO:00005805 A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_nest ENVO:01000209 ENVO:01000210 ENVO ENVO:00005806 obsolete Tropical and subtropical coniferous forest biome true ENVO:00005806 A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. metazoan-associated habitat ENVO ENVO:00006776 obsolete animal-associated habitat true ENVO:00006776 A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33208. A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). ENVO ENVO:00009001 obsolete plant-associated habitat true ENVO:00009001 A habitat that is in or on a living plant. Here "plant" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:33090 (viridiplantae). A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. ENVO ENVO:00009002 obsolete mammalia-associated habitat true ENVO:00009002 A habitat that is in or on a living mammal. Here "mammal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:40674. A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. ENVO ENVO:00009003 Used for armpits and other nasty places. obsolete human-associated habitat true ENVO:00009003 A habitat that is in or on a living animal. Here "animal" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:9606. A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. ENVO ENVO:00009004 obsolete insecta-associated habitat true ENVO:00009004 A habitat that is in or on a living insect. Here "insect" denotes an individual of a species that is a sub-taxon of NCBITaxon:50557. ENVO:00009686 An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise ice rise An ice rise is an elevation which is part of an ice shelf, typically dome shared, and formed by the ice shelf overriding an obstruction in the seabed. An ice rise may be adjacent only to an ice shelf, or to an ice shelf and a sea. For some features, properly ice rises, the term island has become established through usage. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_rise ENVO:00009725 A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. ice piedmont A glacier covering a coastal strip of low-lying land backed by mountains, and sloping gently seaward over a distance up to 30km or more to terminate in ice cliffs or to merge with an ice shelf. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. ENVO ENVO:00009726 strand crack ENVO:00009726 Fissure at the junction between an inland ice sheet, ice piedmont or ice rise and an ice shelf, the latter being subject to the rise and fall of the tide. http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/apc/genericterms.html ENVO:00010005 A volumetric density quality which inheres in soil by virtue of some influence exerted by the soil's mass on a given volume. 2021-10-07T02:58:33Z It is calculated as the dry weight of soil divided by its volume. soil bulk density ENVO:00010358 A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite fomite A fomite is any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms (such as germs or parasites) and hence transferring them from one individual to another. A fomite can be anything such as a cloth or mop heads so when cleaning this is important to remember that this could aid when spreading pathogenic organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomite A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden ENVO ENVO:00010442 midden ENVO:00010442 A dump for domestic waste. A term used to describe any kind of feature containing waste products relating to day-to-day human life. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midden ENVO:00010483 A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. portion of environmental material Everything under this parent must be a mass noun (i.e. not countable). All subclasses are to be understood as being composed primarily of the named entity, rather than restricted to that entity. For example, "ENVO:water" is to be understood as "environmental material composed primarly of some CHEBI:water". Instances of this class are portions of environmental materials, such as seawater in bucket, a water parcel in the photic zone of a lake, or the concrete that composes a building part. Instances of these portions may have fiat or non-fiat boundaries. For example, a water parcel has not physical boundaries, while the seawater in a bucket is bounded by the internal surfaces of the bucket. environmental material A material entity which other material entities in an environmental system are primarily or partially composed of. ENVO:00010504 A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. EcoLexicon:surface http://sweetontology.net/reprSpaceGeometry/Surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface This class is distinct from a geometric surface, which is two-dimensional. The idea of "uppermost" may be problematic. Further, the definition of layer (the superclass of surface in rev 133) references surface. This may be another issue. Perhaps this can be made into an inferred class using 'bounding layer of' some material entity, note that 'bounding layer' implies containment, which may not be valid here. surface layer A layer of some material entity which is adjacent to one or more of its external boundaries and directly interacts with its immediate surroundings. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/surface ENVO:00010505 Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. EcoLexicon:aerosol SWEETRealm:Aerosol Should connect to PATO as "quality of an aerosol" aerosol Airborne solid particles (also called dust or particulate matter (PM)) or liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol ENVO:00010506 A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion emulsion A mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. One substance (the dispersed phase) is dispersed in the other (the continuous phase). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion ENVO:00010621 A manufactured product which has been designed for use in one or more medical procedures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_instrument medical instrument ENVO:00010622 A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium vivarium A vivarium is an enclosure for keeping and raising organisms for observation or research. Often, a portion of the ecosystem for a particular species is simulated on a smaller scale, with controls for environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vivarium A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite ENVO ENVO:00010623 dolomite ENVO:00010623 A sedimentary carbonate rock and a mineral, both composed of calcium magnesium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2 found in crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomite A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden botanic garden ENVO ENVO:00010624 botanical garden ENVO:00010624 A place where a wide variety of plants primarily categorized and documented for scientific purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botanical_garden A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. zoo zoological park ENVO ENVO:00010625 zoological garden ENVO:00010625 A facility in which animals are confined within enclosures and displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoo ENVO:00011764 A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. ocean time series station A research facility consisting of instruments that measure the properties of the oceans over time. Usually of at least approximately fixed location. MA:ma ENVO:00012408 An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. EcoLexicon:aquifer SWEETRealm:Aquifer https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer aquifer An underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquifer ENVO:00012411 A cave which is part of a karst formation. karst cave FOODON:00001092 ENVO ENVO:0010000 obsolete animal food product true ENVO:0010000 Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. ENVO ENVO:0010001 anthropogenic environmental material ENVO:0010001 Anthropogenic material in or on which organisms may live. MA:ma FOODON:00001093 ENVO ENVO:0010002 obsolete cereal food product true ENVO:0010002 ENVO:0010003 This class will be depopulated and eventually deprecated. Convenience class. This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material. agricultural environmental material This is quite odd and it probably should be obsoleted. Any material that is a participant in an agricultural process can be seen as an agricultural material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. ENVO ENVO:0010004 obsolete beverage product true ENVO:0010004 A liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beverage FOODON:00001094 alcoholic beverage ENVO ENVO:0010005 obsolete fermented beverage true ENVO:0010005 FOODON:00001095 ENVO ENVO:0010006 obsolete fermented grape beverage true ENVO:0010006 FOODON:00001096 ENVO ENVO:0010007 obsolete fermented Elaeis Palm beverage true ENVO:0010007 FOODON:00001097 ENVO ENVO:0010008 obsolete fermented sugar cane beverage true ENVO:0010008 FOODON:00001098 ENVO:00003892 fermented apple ENVO ENVO:0010009 obsolete fermented apple beverage true ENVO:0010009 FOODON:00001099 ENVO ENVO:0010010 obsolete apple beverage true ENVO:0010010 FOODON:00001100 ENVO ENVO:0010011 obsolete orange fruit beverage true ENVO:0010011 FOODON:00001101 ENVO ENVO:0010012 obsolete grape beverage true ENVO:0010012 FOODON:00001102 ENVO ENVO:0010013 obsolete fermented cereal beverage true ENVO:0010013 FOODON:00001103 ENVO ENVO:0010014 obsolete fermented agave beverage true ENVO:0010014 ENVO ENVO:0010015 obsolete fermented soya product true ENVO:0010015 FOODON:00001104 ENVO ENVO:0010016 obsolete sea water fish egg product true ENVO:0010016 FOODON:00001105 ENVO ENVO:0010017 obsolete avian egg product true ENVO:0010017 FOODON:00001106 ENVO ENVO:0010018 obsolete camelid dairy product true ENVO:0010018 FOODON:00001107 ENVO ENVO:0010019 obsolete bovine dairy product true ENVO:0010019 FOODON:00001108 ENVO ENVO:0010020 obsolete buffalo dairy product true ENVO:0010020 FOODON:00001109 ENVO ENVO:0010021 obsolete caprine dairy product true ENVO:0010021 FOODON:00001110 ENVO ENVO:0010022 obsolete donkey dairy product true ENVO:0010022 FOODON:00001111 ENVO ENVO:0010023 obsolete equine dairy product true ENVO:0010023 FOODON:00001112 ENVO ENVO:0010024 obsolete ovine dairy product true ENVO:0010024 FOODON:00001113 ENVO ENVO:0010025 obsolete yak dairy product true ENVO:0010025 FOODON:00001114 ENVO ENVO:0010026 obsolete zebra dairy product true ENVO:0010026 FOODON:00001115 ENVO ENVO:0010027 obsolete reindeer dairy product true ENVO:0010027 FOODON:00001116 ENVO ENVO:0010028 obsolete water buffalo dairy product true ENVO:0010028 FOODON:00001117 ENVO ENVO:0010029 obsolete horse dairy product true ENVO:0010029 FOODON:00001118 ENVO ENVO:0010030 obsolete domestic cattle dairy product true ENVO:0010030 FOODON:00001119 ENVO ENVO:0010031 obsolete cervid dairy product true ENVO:0010031 FOODON:00001120 ENVO ENVO:0010032 obsolete camelid milk true ENVO:0010032 FOODON:00001121 ENVO ENVO:0010033 obsolete equine milk true ENVO:0010033 FOODON:00001122 ENVO ENVO:0010034 obsolete cervid milk true ENVO:0010034 FOODON:00001123 ENVO ENVO:0010035 obsolete cow's milk true ENVO:0010035 FOODON:00001124 ENVO ENVO:0010036 obsolete caprine cheese product true ENVO:0010036 FOODON:00001125 ENVO ENVO:0010037 obsolete ovine cheese product true ENVO:0010037 FOODON:00001126 ENVO ENVO:0010038 obsolete bovine cheese product true ENVO:0010038 FOODON:00001127 ENVO ENVO:0010039 obsolete cow's milk cheese true ENVO:0010039 FOODON:00001128 ENVO ENVO:0010040 obsolete Limburger true ENVO:0010040 FOODON:00001129 ENVO ENVO:0010041 obsolete goat's milk cheese true ENVO:0010041 FOODON:00001130 ENVO ENVO:0010042 obsolete sheep's milk cheese true ENVO:0010042 FOODON:00001131 ENVO ENVO:0010043 obsolete poultry meat product true ENVO:0010043 FOODON:00001132 ENVO ENVO:0010044 obsolete porcine meat product true ENVO:0010044 FOODON:00001133 ENVO ENVO:0010045 obsolete condiment true ENVO:0010045 FOODON:00001134 ENVO ENVO:0010046 obsolete bovine meat product true ENVO:0010046 FOODON:00001135 ENVO ENVO:0010047 obsolete distilled fermented grain beverage true ENVO:0010047 FOODON:00001136 ENVO ENVO:0010048 obsolete distilled fermented beverage true ENVO:0010048 FOODON:00001137 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:45:50Z ENVO ENVO:0010049 obsolete soya food product true ENVO:0010049 FOODON:00001138 ENVO ENVO:0010050 obsolete tea-based beverage true ENVO:0010050 FOODON:00001139 ENVO ENVO:0010051 obsolete coffee-based beverage true ENVO:0010051 FOODON:00001140 ENVO ENVO:0010052 obsolete fruit juice beverage true ENVO:0010052 FOODON:00001141 ENVO ENVO:0010053 obsolete wheat product true ENVO:0010053 FOODON:00001142 ENVO ENVO:0010054 obsolete maize product true ENVO:0010054 FOODON:00001143 ENVO ENVO:0010055 obsolete fungal product true ENVO:0010055 FOODON:00001144 ENVO ENVO:0010056 obsolete yeast product true ENVO:0010056 FOODON:00001145 ENVO ENVO:0010057 obsolete microbial food product true ENVO:0010057 FOODON:00001146 ENVO ENVO:0010058 obsolete solanaceous root product true ENVO:0010058 FOODON:00001147 ENVO ENVO:0010059 obsolete plant root food product true ENVO:0010059 FOODON:00001148 ENVO ENVO:0010060 obsolete potato product true ENVO:0010060 FOODON:00001149 ENVO ENVO:0010061 obsolete confectionery product true ENVO:0010061 FOODON:00001150 ENVO ENVO:0010062 obsolete cucurbit fruit product true ENVO:0010062 FOODON:00001151 ENVO ENVO:0010063 obsolete citrus fruit product true ENVO:0010063 FOODON:00001152 ENVO ENVO:0010064 obsolete melon fruit product true ENVO:0010064 FOODON:00001153 ENVO ENVO:0010065 obsolete Cucumis melo fruit true ENVO:0010065 FOODON:00001154 ENVO ENVO:0010066 obsolete Citrullus lanatus fruit true ENVO:0010066 FOODON:00001155 ENVO ENVO:0010067 obsolete watermelon true ENVO:0010067 FOODON:00001156 ENVO ENVO:0010068 obsolete citrus fruit beverage true ENVO:0010068 FOODON:00001157 ENVO ENVO:0010069 obsolete pomaceous fruit beverage true ENVO:0010069 FOODON:00001158 ENVO ENVO:0010070 obsolete pomaceous fruit product true ENVO:0010070 FOODON:00001159 ENVO ENVO:0010071 obsolete fermented pomaceous fruit beverage true ENVO:0010071 FOODON:00001160 ENVO ENVO:0010072 obsolete pomaceous fruit extract true ENVO:0010072 FOODON:00001161 ENVO ENVO:0010073 obsolete citrus fruit extract true ENVO:0010073 FOODON:00001162 ENVO ENVO:0010074 obsolete grape extract true ENVO:0010074 FOODON:00001163 ENVO ENVO:0010075 obsolete solanaceous fruit product true ENVO:0010075 FOODON:00001164 ENVO ENVO:0010076 obsolete tomato product true ENVO:0010076 FOODON:00001165 ENVO ENVO:0010077 obsolete solanaceous food product true ENVO:0010077 FOODON:00001166 ENVO ENVO:0010078 obsolete plant inflorescence food product true ENVO:0010078 FOODON:00001167 ENVO ENVO:0010079 obsolete amaranthaceous food product true ENVO:0010079 FOODON:00001168 ENVO pulse ENVO:0010080 Definitions and types from http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm. obsolete leguminous food product true ENVO:0010080 FOODON:00001169 ENVO ENVO:0010081 obsolete cruciferous food product true ENVO:0010081 FOODON:00001170 ENVO ENVO:0010082 obsolete grape fruit product true ENVO:0010082 FOODON:00001171 ENVO ENVO:0010083 obsolete cruciferous inflorescence food product true ENVO:0010083 FOODON:00001172 ENVO ENVO:0010084 obsolete nut food product true ENVO:0010084 FOODON:00001173 ENVO ENVO:0010085 obsolete plant seed food product true ENVO:0010085 FOODON:00001174 ENVO ENVO:0010086 obsolete plant lipid food product true ENVO:0010086 FOODON:00001175 ENVO ENVO:0010087 obsolete plant stem food product true ENVO:0010087 FOODON:00001176 ENVO ENVO:0010088 obsolete invertebrate food product true ENVO:0010088 FOODON:00001177 ENVO ENVO:0010089 obsolete insect food product true ENVO:0010089 FOODON:00001178 ENVO ENVO:0010090 obsolete honey product true ENVO:0010090 FOODON:00001179 ENVO ENVO:0010091 obsolete amaranthaceous inflorescence food product true ENVO:0010091 FOODON:00001180 ENVO ENVO:0010092 obsolete processed food product true ENVO:0010092 FOODON:00001181 ENVO ENVO:0010093 obsolete cooked food product true ENVO:0010093 FOODON:00001182 ENVO ENVO:0010094 obsolete pickled cruciferous food product true ENVO:0010094 FOODON:00001183 ENVO ENVO:0010095 obsolete bread true ENVO:0010095 FOODON:00001184 ENVO ENVO:0010096 obsolete algal food product true ENVO:0010096 FOODON:00001185 ENVO ENVO:0010097 obsolete rice product true ENVO:0010097 FOODON:00001186 ENVO ENVO:0010098 obsolete buckewheat product true ENVO:0010098 FOODON:00001187 ENVO ENVO:0010099 obsolete sorghum product true ENVO:0010099 FOODON:00001188 ENVO ENVO:0010100 obsolete milet product true ENVO:0010100 FOODON:00001189 ENVO ENVO:0010101 obsolete oats product true ENVO:0010101 FOODON:00001190 ENVO ENVO:0010102 obsolete rye product true ENVO:0010102 FOODON:00001191 ENVO ENVO:0010103 obsolete barley product true ENVO:0010103 FOODON:00001192 ENVO ENVO:0010104 obsolete quinoa product true ENVO:0010104 FOODON:00001193 ENVO ENVO:0010105 obsolete fonio product true ENVO:0010105 FOODON:00001194 ENVO ENVO:0010106 obsolete dry peas product true ENVO:0010106 FOODON:00001195 ENVO ENVO:0010107 obsolete lentil product true ENVO:0010107 FOODON:00001196 ENVO ENVO:0010108 obsolete pigeon pea product true ENVO:0010108 FOODON:00001197 ENVO ENVO:0010109 obsolete bambara groundnut product true ENVO:0010109 FOODON:00001198 ENVO ENVO:0010110 obsolete dry broad beans product true ENVO:0010110 FOODON:00001199 ENVO ENVO:0010111 obsolete chickpea product true ENVO:0010111 FOODON:00001200 ENVO ENVO:0010112 obsolete cowpea product true ENVO:0010112 FOODON:00001201 ENVO ENVO:0010113 obsolete dry beans product true ENVO:0010113 FOODON:00001202 ENVO ENVO:0010114 obsolete winged bean product true ENVO:0010114 FOODON:00001203 ENVO ENVO:0010115 obsolete vetch seed product true ENVO:0010115 FOODON:00001204 ENVO ENVO:0010116 obsolete yam bean product true ENVO:0010116 FOODON:00001205 ENVO ENVO:0010117 obsolete velvet bean product true ENVO:0010117 FOODON:00001206 ENVO ENVO:0010118 obsolete lupin seed product true ENVO:0010118 FOODON:00001207 ENVO ENVO:0010119 obsolete jack bean product true ENVO:0010119 FOODON:00001208 ENVO ENVO:0010120 obsolete hyacinth bean product true ENVO:0010120 This has to be reconciled with "legume". Seems to be a subclass. FOODON:00001209 ENVO ENVO:0010121 According to the FAO: 'The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes.' obsolete pulse true ENVO:0010121 According to the FAO: 'The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes.' http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 FOODON:00001210 ENVO ENVO:0010122 obsolete wheat flour true ENVO:0010122 FOODON:00001211 ENVO ENVO:0010123 obsolete pasta true ENVO:0010123 FOODON:00001212 ENVO ENVO:0010124 obsolete pastry true ENVO:0010124 FOODON:00001213 ENVO ENVO:0010125 obsolete baked food product true ENVO:0010125 FOODON:00001214 ENVO ENVO:0010126 obsolete candy true ENVO:0010126 FOODON:00001215 ENVO ENVO:0010127 obsolete cacao food product true ENVO:0010127 FOODON:00001216 ENVO ENVO:0010128 obsolete cream true ENVO:0010128 FOODON:00001217 ENVO ENVO:0010129 obsolete milk true ENVO:0010129 FOODON:00001218 ENVO ENVO:0010130 obsolete bee food product true ENVO:0010130 FOODON:00001219 ENVO ENVO:0010131 obsolete cooked smoked sausage true ENVO:0010131 FOODON:00001220 ENVO ENVO:0010132 obsolete smoked sausage true ENVO:0010132 FOODON:00001221 ENVO ENVO:0010133 obsolete fresh smoked sausage true ENVO:0010133 FOODON:00001222 ENVO ENVO:0010134 obsolete fresh sausage true ENVO:0010134 FOODON:00001223 ENVO ENVO:0010135 obsolete dry sausage true ENVO:0010135 FOODON:00001224 ENVO ENVO:0010136 obsolete cooked sausage true ENVO:0010136 FOODON:00001225 ENVO ENVO:0010137 obsolete smoked meat true ENVO:0010137 FOODON:00001226 ENVO ENVO:0010138 obsolete fruit preserve true ENVO:0010138 FOODON:00001227 ENVO ENVO:0010139 obsolete jam true ENVO:0010139 FOODON:00001228 ENVO ENVO:0010140 obsolete rennet product true ENVO:0010140 FOODON:00001229 ENVO ENVO:0010141 obsolete processed cheese product true ENVO:0010141 FOODON:00001230 ENVO ENVO:0010142 obsolete mustard true ENVO:0010142 FOODON:00001231 ENVO ENVO:0010143 obsolete creamy salad dressing true ENVO:0010143 FOODON:00001232 ENVO ENVO:0010144 obsolete vinaigrette true ENVO:0010144 FOODON:00001233 ENVO ENVO:0010146 obsolete nut oil true ENVO:0010146 FOODON:00001234 ENVO ENVO:0010147 obsolete mayonnaise true ENVO:0010147 FOODON:00001235 ENVO:00003916 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce ENVO ENVO:0010148 obsolete soy sauce true ENVO:0010148 FOODON:00001236 ENVO ENVO:0010149 obsolete fresh sea water fish true ENVO:0010149 FOODON:00001237 ENVO ENVO:0010150 obsolete natural rennet true ENVO:0010150 FOODON:00001238 ENVO ENVO:0010151 obsolete microbial rennet true ENVO:0010151 FOODON:00001239 ENVO ENVO:0010152 obsolete vegetable rennet true ENVO:0010152 FOODON:00001240 ENVO ENVO:0010153 obsolete genetically engineered rennet true ENVO:0010153 FOODON:00001241 ENVO ENVO:0010154 obsolete processed pork true ENVO:0010154 FOODON:00001242 ENVO ENVO:0010155 obsolete spice product true ENVO:0010155 FOODON:00001243 ENVO ENVO:0010156 obsolete animal lipid food product true ENVO:0010156 FOODON:00001244 ENVO ENVO:0010157 obsolete coffee true ENVO:0010157 FOODON:00001245 ENVO ENVO:0010158 obsolete tea true ENVO:0010158 FOODON:00001246 ENVO ENVO:0010159 obsolete hot chocolate true ENVO:0010159 FOODON:00001247 EcoLexicon:mating ENVO ENVO:0010160 obsolete mate true ENVO:0010160 ENVO:01000155 ENVO ENVO:0010161 obsolete naturally occuring environmental material true ENVO:0010161 ENVO:0010162 A dry valley which was formed as a result of erosion due to stream formation and flow. dry stream valley ENVO:0010163 A dry stream valley which was formed as a result of erosion due to river formation and flow. dry river valley FOODON:00001248 ENVO ENVO:0010164 obsolete fish food product true ENVO:0010164 FOODON:00001249 ENVO ENVO:0010165 obsolete freshwater fish product true ENVO:0010165 FOODON:00001250 ENVO ENVO:0010166 obsolete fish egg product true ENVO:0010166 FOODON:00001251 ENVO ENVO:0010167 obsolete avian food product true ENVO:0010167 FOODON:00001252 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:36:43Z ENVO ENVO:0010168 obsolete animal derived beverage true ENVO:0010168 FOODON:00001253 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:10Z ENVO ENVO:0010169 obsolete plant derived beverage true ENVO:0010169 FOODON:00001254 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:37:36Z ENVO ENVO:0010170 obsolete fermented plant derived beverage true ENVO:0010170 FOODON:00001255 michaelashburner 2010-02-25T08:38:17Z ENVO ENVO:0010171 obsolete non-fermented plant derived beverage true ENVO:0010171 ENVO:01000000 Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. EcoLexicon:humus SWEETRealm:Humus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus humus Organic matter in soil which has reached a point of stability, where it will break down no further and might, if conditions do not change, remain essentially as it is for centuries, or millennia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humus ENVO:01000001 An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. EcoLexicon:mud LTER:356 SWEETRealm:Mud https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud mud An environmental material which is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and some combination of soil, silt, and clay particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud ENVO:01000002 A well which provides access to groundwater held in an aquifer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_well water well ENVO:01000003 A well which has been drilled in order to extract petroleum oil from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. oil well A well which has been drilled in order to extract petroleum oil from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. ENVO:01000004 The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z concentration basin mediterranean sea biome The concentration basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome that have higher salinity than bordering oceans due to evaporation. Water exchange consists of inflow of the fresher oceanic water in the upper layer and outflow of the saltier mediterranean water in the lower layer of the connecting channel. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea ENVO:01000005 MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. ENVO:01000063 EcoLexicon:upwell EcoLexicon:upwelling SWEETRealm:Upwelling https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling marine upwelling This term is specific to marine upwellings. upwelling MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An oceanographic feature that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A marine upwelling is a net flow of marine water to the surface of the water column from deeper regions. This is often a result of surface water displacement off continental coasts by wind action. Localised upwellings may also occur along divergent fronts around eddies and along some of the major oceanographic features. Deeper waters often have higher nutrient content; consequently blooms of primary producers, such as planktonic algae, are generally observed around upwelling zones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upwelling An upwelling that is near a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_upwelling ENVO ENVO:01000006 coastal upwelling ENVO:01000006 An upwelling that is near a coast. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000007 An organic object which is formed as a result of the biological processes mediated by microbial assemblages. microbial feature A very generic class, intended to be populated by inference. Please avoid use in annotation, opting for a more descriptive term. organic object formed through microbial activity A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat ENVO ENVO:01000008 microbial mat ENVO:01000008 A multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats grow at interfaces between different types of material, mostly on submerged or moist surfaces but a few survive in deserts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat ENVO:01000009 ENVO:01000159 organic material feature obsolete biotic mesoscopic physical object true ENVO ENVO:01000010 obsolete abiotic mesoscopic physical object true ENVO:01000010 FOODON:00001256 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairy_product ENVO ENVO:01000011 obsolete dairy product true ENVO:01000011 FOODON:00001257 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk ENVO ENVO:01000012 obsolete milk product true ENVO:01000012 FOODON:00001258 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermented_food ENVO ENVO:01000013 obsolete fermented food product true ENVO:01000013 FOODON:00001259 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine ENVO ENVO:01000014 obsolete wine true ENVO:01000014 FOODON:00001260 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer ENVO ENVO:01000015 obsolete beer true ENVO:01000015 ENVO:01000016 Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:silt SWEETRealm:Silt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. silt Particulate environmental material which is primarily composed of silt particles. This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider this soil material that contains 80% or more silt and less than 12% clay. In the Udden-Wentworth scale (due to Krumbein), silt particles range between 0.0039 to 0.0625 mm, larger than clay but smaller than sand particles. ISO 14688 grades silts between 0.002 mm and 0.063 mm. In actuality, silt is chemically distinct from clay, and unlike clay, grains of silt are approximately the same size in all dimensions; furthermore, their size ranges overlap. Clays are formed from thin plate-shaped particles held together by electrostatic forces, so present a cohesion. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture Soil Texture Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.05 mm particle size. The USDA system has been adopted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). In the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) and the AASHTO Soil Classification system, the sand-silt distinction is made at the 0.075 mm particle size (i.e., material passing the #200 sieve). Silts and clays are distinguished mechanically by their plasticity. ENVO:01000017 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. EcoLexicon:sand LTER:484 SWEETRealm:Sand https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. sand Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of particles of sand with only minor proportions of other substances. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand This definition is intentionally ambiguous to support the multiple thresholds set by different authorities. Some authorities consider as sands soil material that contains 85% or more sand; the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay does not exceed 15. coarse sand (sable grossier) 25% or more very coarse and coarse sand, and less than 50% any other one grade of sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html ENVO:01000018 An environmental material which is composed primarily of pieces of gravel. EcoLexicon:gravel SWEETRealm:Gravel As with all size-based classifications, there is considerable variation in what is considered gravel. gravel An environmental material which is composed primarily of pieces of gravel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravel ENVO:01000019 A solid surface layer which 1) forms part of the boundary between the cavity of a cave and its solid container and 2) is the closest solid boundary to the gravitational centre of the astronomical body of which the cave is a part. surface layer with role "walking substrate" or similar. Indicate it is some sort of "bottom" cave floor ENVO:01000020 Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Estuarine estuarine biome Expressions of the estuarine biome occur at wide lower courses of a rivers where they flow into a sea. Estuaries experience tidal flows and their water is a changing mixture of fresh and salt. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Expressions of the mangrove biome are typically found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas, in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. A variety of characteristic trees and shrubs occur here and are able to withstand a high degree of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. These areas include estuaries and marine shorelines. ENVO:01000181 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000021 obsolete mangrove biome true ENVO:01000021 Expressions of the mangrove biome are typically found in tropical and sub-tropical tidal areas, in depositional coastal environments where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high energy wave action. A variety of characteristic trees and shrubs occur here and are able to withstand a high degree of salinity as well as regions of anoxia and frequent tidal inundation. These areas include estuaries and marine shorelines. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO salt marsh ENVO:01000022 marine salt marsh biome ENVO:01000022 The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_marsh The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000023 marine pelagic biome ENVO:01000023 The marine pelagic biome (pelagic meaning open sea) is that of the marine water column, from the surface to the greatest depths. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ENVO:01000024 The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:17:06Z SPIRE:Benthic marine benthic biome The marine benthic biome (benthic meaning 'bottom') encompasses the seafloor and includes such areas as shores, littoral or intertidal areas, marine coral reefs, and the deep seabed. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000025 The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine neritic benthic zone biome The marine neritic zone biome comprises sea floor from the high tide mark to a continental shelf break. This zone generally extends to 200 m below average sea level. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000026 The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine bathyal zone biome The marine bathyal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 200 m and 3000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental slope. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000027 The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine abyssal zone biome The marine abyssal zone biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome between approximately 2500 m and 6000 m depth. This zone generally coincides with the continental rise and the abyssal plain. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000028 The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine hadal zone biome The marine hadal zone biome describes sea floor deeper than 6000 m such as that of the oceanic trenches. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000029 A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine reef biome A biome expressed by strips or ridges of rocks, sand, or coral that rises to or near the surface of a body of marine water. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000030 The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:18:40Z marine hydrothermal vent biome The marine hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a marine biome. ENVO:00001999 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:04:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000031 obsolete marine feature true ENVO:01000031 A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of a marine biome. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000032 neritic pelagic zone biome ENVO:01000032 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column above a continental shelf. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:19:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000033 oceanic pelagic zone biome ENVO:01000033 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column offshore, beyond a continental shelf. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000034 oceanic sea surface microlayer biome ENVO:01000034 The oceanic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of the marine surface waters occurring offshore, away from a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000035 oceanic epipelagic zone biome ENVO:01000035 The oceanic epipelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The oceanic epipelagic zone biome encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000036 oceanic mesopelagic zone biome ENVO:01000036 The oceanic mesopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column that occur offshore, beyond a continental shelf. This biome extends through the water column from approximately 200-1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000037 oceanic bathypelagic zone biome ENVO:01000037 The bathypelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below approximately 1000 m water depth - the maximum depth to which detectable daylight penetrates in all but the clearest oligotrophic waters - and extends to about 2500 - 2700 m water depth. In the temperate Atlantic, the beginning of the bathypelagic zone biome approximates to the deep oxygen minimum and the base of the permanent thermocline. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000038 oceanic abyssopelagic zone biome ENVO:01000038 The abyssopelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column below the bathypelagic zone biome at approximately 2500 -2700 m and extends either to the hadal pelagic zone biome (at approximately 6000 m) or to the benthopelagic zone biome within ca. 100 m of the seafloor. The depth of 2700 m may be critical for physiological reasons as the change in hydrostatic pressure across this depth may preclude organism migration. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000039 oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome ENVO:01000039 The oceanic hadal pelagic zone biome comprises the water column in oceanic trenches occurring at depths between 6000m and 10,000m. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:21:03Z ENVO ENVO:01000040 oceanic benthopelagic zone biome ENVO:01000040 The benthopelagic zone biome comprises regions of the marine water column which usually coincide with the benthic boundary layer (BBL) - the layer of isothermal and isohaline water contiguous to the sea floor. A general reversal in the declining gradient of pelagic biomass may be observed here, perhaps explained by viable nutrition on the sea floor being resuspended by bottom currents. This zone typically extends 100 m above the seafloor, but may reach upto1000 m during benthic storms. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000041 neritic sea surface microlayer biome ENVO:01000041 The neritic sea surface microlayer (SML) biome comprises the top 1000 micrometers of marine surface waters occurring above a continental shelf. It is the boundary layer where all exchange occurs between the atmosphere and the ocean. The chemical, physical, and biological properties of the SML differ greatly from the sub-surface water just a few centimeters beneath. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_microlayer The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z ENVO ENVO:01000042 neritic epipelagic zone biome ENVO:01000042 The neritic epipelagic zone biome comprises the marine water column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from the surface of the ocean to a depth of ca. 200-250m. Throughout the zone the light field tends to be asymmetrical vertically, so that the direction and elevation of the sun can still be detected. The epipelagic zone encompasses the euphotic zone and, where and when it occurs, the seasonal thermocline. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000043 The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:22:09Z neritic mesopelagic zone biome The neritic mesopelagic zone biome comprises the marine column that occurs above a continental shelf and extends from approximately 200 to 1000 m depth - the maximal depth of light penetration in all but the clearest oligotrophic ocean regions. In comparison to the epipelagic zone, dominant forms of pelagic organisms do not change very much; however, there are marked changes in species composition and the proportion of smaller-sized individuals decreases. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000044 OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:10:50Z Ambiguous term - please select a more precise term to describe what the feature of interest is. obsolete marine pelagic feature true OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring within the marine water column. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000045 The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z epicontinental sea biome epeiric sea biome The epeiric sea (also known as an epicontinental sea) biome comprises a shallow seas that extend over part of a continent. Epeiric seas are usually associated with the marine transgressions of the geologic past, which have variously been due to either global eustatic sea level changes, local tectonic deformation, or both, and are occasionally semi-cyclic. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeiric_sea epicontinental sea biome https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epeiric_sea ENVO:01000046 The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z marginal sea biome The marginal sea biome comprises parts of an ocean partially enclosed by land such as islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas. Unlike mediterranean seas, marginal seas have ocean currents caused by ocean winds. Many marginal seas are enclosed by island arcs that were formed from the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_sea ENVO:01000047 The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z mediterranean sea biome The mediterranean sea biome comprises mostly enclosed seas that have limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea ENVO:01000048 A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:23:23Z Ocean biomes are determined by major bodies of saline water, principal components of the hydrosphere. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean, a continuous body of water that is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas. More than half of this area is over 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) deep. Average oceanic salinity is around 35 parts per thousand (ppt) (3.5%), and nearly all seawater has a salinity in the range of 30 to 38 ppt. ocean biome A marine biome which is determined by an ocean. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000049 marine coral reef biome ENVO:01000049 The marine coral reef biome comprises constructional wave-resistant entities which are primarily built by corals and are often cemented together. The growth of these structures is aided by zooxanthellae, algae that are symbiotic with the reef-building corals. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:27:06Z ENVO ENVO:01000050 marine subtidal rocky reef biome ENVO:01000050 The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae. ISBN:978-0-7506-3384-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000051 marine black smoker biome ENVO:01000051 A marine black smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by a black vent plume. This black plume is a consequence of dissolved metals and minerals forming complexes with sulphide and indicates polymetallic sulphide mineral deposits beneath the surface. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000052 marine white smoker biome ENVO:01000052 A marine white smoker biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome characterised by lightly hued plumes, typically containing barium, calcium, and silicon. These vents tend to have lower temperature plumes when compared to black smoker environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000053 marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome ENVO:01000053 A marine ultramafic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of themarine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on ultramafic (also referred to as ultrabasic) rocks. Ultramafic rocks are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content). The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultramafic A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-15T11:29:37Z ENVO ENVO:01000054 marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome ENVO:01000054 A marine basaltic hydrothermal vent biome comprises regions of the marine hydrothermal vent biome hosted on basaltic rocks. Basalt generally has a composition of 45 to 55 wt % SiO2, 2 to 6 wt % total alkalis, 0.5 to 2.0 wt % TiO2, 5 to 14 wt % FeO and 14 wt % or more Al2O3. Contents of CaO are commonly near 10 wt %, those of MgO commonly in the range 5 to 12 wt %. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt ENVO:00002149 ENVO:01000061 ENVO:01000295 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000055 obsolete marine bulk water true ENVO:01000055 ENVO:01000301 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO ENVO:01000056 obsolete estuarine bulk water true ENVO:01000056 A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z EcoLexicon:red_tide red tide ENVO ENVO:01000057 marine algal bloom ENVO:01000057 A marine algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in a marine system. Typically, only one or a small number of phytoplankton species are involved. Although there is no officially recognized threshold level, algae can be considered to be blooming at concentrations of hundreds to thousands of cells per milliliter, depending on the severity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom red tide https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_tide Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z ENVO kelp bed ENVO:01000058 Kelp forests and beds may extend many meters above the sea floor, thus should not be considered a type of "bed". kelp forest ENVO:01000058 Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They are recognized as one of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth. Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_Forest kelp bed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelp_forest ENVO:01000059 A bed of a marine, saline water body which is covered by one or more speices of seagrass typically belonging to the families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, or Cymodoceaceae. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:12:30Z seagrass bed seagrass meadow "Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbor hundreds of associated species from all phyla, for example juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, mollusks, bristle worms, and nematodes. Few species were originally considered to feed directly on seagrass leaves (partly because of their low nutritional content), but scientific reviews and improved working methods have shown that seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain, with hundreds of species feeding on seagrasses worldwide, including green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass 2016-01-18 sea grass bed A bed of a marine, saline water body which is covered by one or more speices of seagrass typically belonging to the families Posidoniaceae, Zosteraceae, Hydrocharitaceae, or Cymodoceaceae. ISBN:978-0-19-514172-6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seagrass ENVO:01000060 An environmental material which is composed primarily of particles. Do not oversimplify this branch with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. particulate matter particulate environmental material ENVO:01000061 The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z epipelagic mixed layer marine wind mixed layer The upper part of the marine water column with generally uniform properties resulting from wind-driven mixing. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000062 Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine benthic storm Benthic storms are strong benthic (near bottom) currents transporting sediment, created by the input of energy (largely kinetic) to the seabed. In regions with high mesoscale eddy activity, benthic storms are frequent and can create isohaline and isothermal conditions extending as much as 1000m above the seafloor. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000063 A portion of planktonic material is a portion of environmental material primarily composed of plankton. See Issue #251. Awaiting class creation in PCO to attempt logical definitions. mass of plankton plankton planktonic material A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000064 marine downwelling ENVO:01000064 A marine downwelling describes a net current of marine surface water towards deeper regions of the water column. Marine downwellings are usually caused by differences in the density (and hence, temperature and salinity) of seawater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine water mass which is characterized by having much lower than normal dissolved oxygen concentrations persistently. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000065 Low oxygen rates are typically due to the rate of respiration being greater than the rate of oxygen resupply, and are not necessarily due to anthropogenic activity. marine oxygen minimum zone ENVO:01000065 A marine water mass which is characterized by having much lower than normal dissolved oxygen concentrations persistently. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen_minimum_zone ENVO:01000066 Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:DeadZone dead zone marine anoxic zone Marine anoxic zones are areas of marine water that are depleted of dissolved oxygen. This condition is generally found in areas that have restricted water exchange. In most cases, oxygen is prevented from reaching the deeper levels by a physical barrier (sill) as well as by a pronounced density stratification. Anoxic conditions will occur if the rate of oxidation of organic matter by bacteria is greater than the supply of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anoxic_waters ENVO:01000067 A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z EcoLexicon:marine_current marine current A water current which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of marine water, generated by forces caused by breaking waves, wind, Coriolis force, temperature and salinity differences, and tides caused by the gravitational pull of astronomical bodies. Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current ENVO:01000068 Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine streamer Marine streamers are tongues of cold water that extend > 100 km offshore from upwelling regions. Enhanced primary productivity may occur in these waters as they are typically more nutrient rich than marine surface waters. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000069 Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z mesoscale marine eddy Mesoscale marine eddies are characterized by currents which flow in a roughly circular motion around the center of the eddy. The sense of rotation of these currents may either be cyclonic or anticyclonic. Ocean eddies are also usually made of water masses that are different to those outside of the eddy. Marine mesoscale eddies are between about 10 and 500 km in diameter, and persist for periods of days to months. They may be formed when an ocean current develops an instability. This instability grows, causing the current to meander, and eventually an eddy is pinched off from the meander. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddy_(fluid_dynamics) Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z EcoLexicon:terrigenous_sediment SWEETRealm:TerrigenousSediment ENVO ENVO:01000070 terrigenous sediment ENVO:01000070 Sediment comprised of weathered continental rocks, wind blown dust, volcanic ash or other terrestrial material. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000071 An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z oceanic front An oceanic front is a narrow zone of enhanced horizontal gradients of water properties (temperature, salinity, nutrients, etc.) that separates broader areas with different water masses or different vertical structure (stratification). DOI:10.1016/j.pocean.2009.04.015 ISBN10::0717259463 A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000072 marine Taylor column ENVO:01000072 A marine Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in a marine body of water. Currents flowing over shoaling topography such as seamounts are accelerated and destabilised, resulting in Taylor columns. Eddies and internal waves are generated downstream of the topological feature and may extend 1000 m or so above them. This may result in a localised increase in primary production where the Taylor column reaches surface waters. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column ENVO:01000073 A marine water mass which is composed primarily of water with low concentrations of nutrients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z On Earth, the nutrients which are of low concentration in these water masses are typically phosphate, nitrate. and organic matter. The result is low primary productivity in such regions. These regions tend to have high dissolved oxygen levels due to a lack of respiration. marine oligotrophic desert A marine water mass which is composed primarily of water with low concentrations of nutrients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000074 A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z SWEETRealm:OceanGyre oceanic gyre A gyre in oceanography is any large system of rotating ocean currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements. Gyres are caused by the Coriolis Effect; planetary vorticity along with horizontal and vertical friction, which determine the circulation patterns from the wind curl (torque). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_gyre ENVO:01000075 A thermocline which is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z Marine thermoclines are usually associated with rapid changes in water density and salinity. marine thermocline A thermocline which is part of a marine water body. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z ENVO ENVO:01000076 marine chemocline ENVO:01000076 A marine chemocline is a marine cline caused by a strong, vertical chemistry gradient within a body of marine water. Chemoclines most commonly occur where local conditions favor the formations of anoxic bottom water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemocline ENVO:01000077 A pycnocline which is part of a marine water body and composed primarily of ocean water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z Marine pycnoclines are usually associated with rapid changes in water temperature and salinity. marine pycnocline A pycnocline which is part of a marine water body and composed primarily of ocean water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer ENVO:01000078 A nutricline which is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine nutricline A nutricline which is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer ENVO:01000079 The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z marine lysocline The marine lysocline denotes the depth in the ocean below which the rate of dissolution of calcite increases dramatically. As water column depth and therefore pressure increases, the corresponding calcite saturation of seawater decreases and the calcite begins dissolve. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysocline ENVO:01000080 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z pelagic isothermal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water temperature. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000081 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z pelagic isohaline surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal salinity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000082 biogenous sediment ENVO:01000082 Biogenous sediment is derived from living organisms, typically planktonic organisms possessing shells, frustules or coccoliths. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000083 A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:16:11Z pelagic isopycnal surface A roughly planar, pelagic region characterised by equal water density. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000084 estuarine front ENVO:01000084 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000085 plume front ENVO:01000085 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000086 coastal buoyancy current front ENVO:01000086 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000087 tidal mixing front ENVO:01000087 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000088 mid-shelf fronts ENVO:01000088 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000089 shelf-slope/shelf-break front ENVO:01000089 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000090 coastal upwelling front ENVO:01000090 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000091 topographic upwelling front ENVO:01000091 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000092 equatorial upwelling front ENVO:01000092 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000093 boundary current front ENVO:01000093 ENVO:01000094 A convergence front which is located in a region subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z subtropical convergence front ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000095 marginal ice zone front ENVO:01000095 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000096 water mass front ENVO:01000096 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:23:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000097 surface convergence ENVO:01000097 ENVO:01000098 A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z deep ocean current A marine current that generally occurs below the permanent thermocline (where it occurs) or below 400 m depth and that is driven by density and temperature gradients. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current ENVO:01000099 A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:24:56Z marine surface current A marine current bordered by the surface of the water column and the permanent thermocline, where it occurs. Surface currents are mostly wind driven and mostly limited to the top 400 m of the water column. Ocean currents are driven by the circulation of wind above surface waters. Frictional stress at the interface between the ocean and the wind causes the water to move in the direction of the wind. Large ocean currents are a response of the atmosphere and ocean to the flow of energy from the tropics to polar regions. In some cases, currents are transient features and affect only a small area. Other ocean currents are essentially permanent and extend over large horizontal distances. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_current A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000100 along-front current ENVO:01000100 A marine surface current that flows along an oceanic front. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000101 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z warm surface current ENVO:01000102 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z cold surface current ENVO:01000103 A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:WesternBoundaryCurrent western boundary current A warm water, narrow marine surface current flowing from the equator to high latitudes at speeds between 40 and 120 kilometers per day. Western boundary currents are the deepest ocean surface flows, usually extending 1000 meters below the ocean surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html ENVO:01000104 A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:26:13Z SWEETRealm:EasternBoundaryCurrent eastern boundary current A cold water, broad marine surface current flowing from high latitudes to the equator at speeds between 3 and 7 kilometers per day. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8q.html ENVO:01000105 OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T12:27:00Z Ambiguous term, please consider using a more precise term which describes the feature of tinterest. obsolete marine benthic feature true OBSOLETE A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic of environments occurring on or along marine benthic environments. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000106 A marine thermocline which separates the marine cold-water sphere from the marine warm-water sphere and which does not dissipate seasonally. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z The permanent marine thermocline is typically found in temperate to tropical latitudes, permanent marine thermocline A marine thermocline which separates the marine cold-water sphere from the marine warm-water sphere and which does not dissipate seasonally. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000107 A marine thermocline which is present below the marine wind mixed layer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:31:24Z seasonal marine thermocline A marine thermocline which is present below the marine wind mixed layer. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000108 The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:39:37Z marine cold-water sphere The marine cold-water sphere describes a water mass extending from the polar seas and across low latitudes at depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m, which is separated from the marine warm-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-16T02:42:39Z ENVO ENVO:01000109 marine warm-water sphere ENVO:01000109 The marine warm-water sphere describes a water mass extending to depths of ca. 800 to 1000 m in low and middle latitudes. It is separated from the marine cold-water sphere by the permanent marine thermocline ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000110 Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z SWEETRealm:HydrogenousSediment hydrogenous sediment Hydrogenous sediment is derived from solutes that precipitate out of sea water by a variety of chemical reactions. These are typically less abundant than other sediment types. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000111 cosmogenous sediment ENVO:01000111 Cosmogenous sediment is derived from extraterrestrial dust and debris in the form of meteorites and similar entities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:14:02Z manganese nodule ENVO ENVO:01000112 polymetallic nodule ENVO:01000112 Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are rock concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. Nodules vary in size from tiny particles visible only under a microscope to large pellets more than 20 centimetres (8 in) across. However, most nodules are between 5 and 10 cm in diameter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule manganese nodule https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese_nodule Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:17:02Z ENVO ENVO:01000113 suspended sediment ENVO:01000113 Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended_load Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000114 boulder sediment ENVO:01000114 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter greater than 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size ENVO:01000115 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z cobble sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 64 and 256 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000116 pebble sediment ENVO:01000116 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 4 and 32 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size ENVO:01000117 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z granular sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 2 and 4 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z ENVO ENVO:01000118 sandy sediment ENVO:01000118 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size ENVO:01000119 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z silty sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size ENVO:01000120 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z clay sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 1 and 3.9 micrometers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size ENVO:01000121 Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T01:58:08Z Note that by the particle-size-based definition used here, colloidal sediment need not actually be a colloid. If that is the case, please use "suspended colloidal sediment". colloidal sediment Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter below 1 micrometer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_size A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T02:13:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000122 marine hydrothermal vent ENVO:01000122 A marine hydrothermal vent is a marine benthic feature where heat generated due to tectonic activity, either at divergent plate boundaries or convergent ocean plates where back-arc spreading occurs, is released or 'vented' to the surface. The resultant high temperature water jets are laden with dissolved metals and minerals. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T04:43:05Z ENVO ENVO:01000123 marine sponge reef biome ENVO:01000123 The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_reef The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z supralittoral zone marine supralittoral zone ENVO splash zone spray zone supratidal zone ENVO:01000124 marine supra-littoral zone ENVO:01000124 The supralittoral zone is the area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water. Seawater penetrates these elevated areas only during storms with high tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone supralittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone splash zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone spray zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone supratidal zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z ENVO ENVO:01000125 marine littoral zone ENVO:01000125 The marine littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends, approximately, from the spray region above the high tide mark to the edge of the coninental shelf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone ENVO:01000126 The marine sublittoral zone is part of the marine littoral zone which is permanently covered by seawater. In physical oceanography, the sublittoral zone refers to coastal regions with significant tidal flows and energy dissipation, including non-linear flows, internal waves, river outflows and oceanic fronts. In practice, this typically extends to the edge of the continental shelf, with depths around 200 meters. In marine biology, the sublittoral refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-17T09:01:45Z sublittoral zone marine sublittoral zone marine sub-littoral zone The marine sublittoral zone is part of the marine littoral zone which is permanently covered by seawater. In physical oceanography, the sublittoral zone refers to coastal regions with significant tidal flows and energy dissipation, including non-linear flows, internal waves, river outflows and oceanic fronts. In practice, this typically extends to the edge of the continental shelf, with depths around 200 meters. In marine biology, the sublittoral refers to the areas where sunlight reaches the ocean floor, that is, where the water is never so deep as to take it out of the photic zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone ENVO:01000127 A marine benthic biome which is determined by a cold seep. 2010-03-19T08:33:56Z The marine cold seep biome comprises regions of the marine benthic biome where seepage of methane, hydrogen sulphide, hydrocarbon rich fluids and other fluids occurs. marine cold seep biome A marine benthic biome which is determined by a cold seep. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep ENVO:01000128 The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-19T09:32:59Z dilution basin mediterranean sea biome The dilution basin mediterranean sea biome comprises expressions of the mediterranean sea biome with lower salinity than the surrounding ocean due to freshwater gains such as rainfall and rivers. Water exchange consists of outflow of the fresher mediterranean water in the upper layer and inflow of the saltier oceanic water in the lower layer of the channel. Renewal of deep water may not be sufficient to supply oxygen to the bottom. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_sea ENVO:01000129 A column of solid material which has been progressively deposited around a hydrothermal vent. 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z marine hydrothermal vent chimney ENVO:01000130 A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. 2010-03-20T06:23:38Z marine hydrothermal plume A marine hydrothermal vent plume, part of a marine hydrothermal vent, is a high temperature water jet laden with dissolved metals and minerals that is driven by heat generated due to tectonic activity below the vent. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:15:20Z ENVO ENVO:01000131 mesophilic sediment ENVO:01000131 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 15-45 degrees Celsius and high-to-low oxygenation. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000132 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z thermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 45-75 degrees Celsius and low to no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000133 Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T07:18:16Z hyperthermophilic sediment Sediment characterised by a temperature of 80-125 degrees Celsius and no oxygen content. Often impacted by hydrothermal fluid flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000134 High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:19:19Z hydrothermal fluid High temperature water ejected from hydrothermal vents and laden with dissolved metals and minerals as a result of percolation through crustal rocks. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000135 nitrate-reducing sediment ENVO:01000135 Sediment hosting and characterised by active nitrate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000136 A piece of rock which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. 2010-03-20T06:25:06Z dropstone Drop stones range in size from small pebbles to boulders. drop stone A piece of rock which fell vertically through the water column into finer-grained water-deposited sedimentary rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropstone dropstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dropstone ENVO:01000137 An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:25:30Z organic matter fall An accumulation of organic matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000138 A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z plant matter fall A accumulation of plant matter that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:07Z ENVO ENVO:01000139 animal carcass fall ENVO:01000139 The carcass of an animal that has fallen to the bottom of a body of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:13Z ENVO ENVO:01000140 whale fall ENVO:01000140 Whale fall is the term used for a whale carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. When a whale dies in shallow water, its carcass is typically devoured by scavengers over a relatively short period of time: within several months. However, in deeper water (depths of 2,000 m/6,600 ft or greater), fewer scavenger species exist, and the carcass can provide sustenance for a complex localized ecosystem over periods of decades. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_fall Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:26:44Z ENVO ENVO:01000141 seal fall ENVO:01000141 Seal fall is the term used for a seal carcass that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:27:01Z ENVO ENVO:01000142 wood fall ENVO:01000142 A wood fall describes an accumulation of woody plant material that has fallen to the ocean floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000143 A reef which is located in a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:43:45Z marine reef ENVO:01000144 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef flat zone ENVO:01000145 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef back reef ENVO:01000146 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef crest ENVO:01000147 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef fore reef ENVO:01000148 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef buttress zone ENVO:01000149 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:52:40Z marine coral reef deep fore reef ENVO:01000150 A rocky reef which is located in the subtidal zone of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T06:55:18Z marine subtidal rocky reef Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000151 manganese-reducing sediment ENVO:01000151 Sediment hosting and characterised by active manganese reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000152 iron-reducing sediment ENVO:01000152 Sediment hosting and characterised by active iron reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000153 Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z sulphate-reducing sediment Sediment hosting and characterised by active sulphate reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:33:33Z ENVO ENVO:01000154 carbon dioxide-reducing sediment ENVO:01000154 Sediment hosting and characterised by active carbon dioxide reducing microbial communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000155 Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:40:04Z EcoLexicon:organic_material biomass organic material Environmental material derived from living organisms and composed primarily of one or more biomacromolecules. ISBN:978-0-618-45504-1 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000156 biofilm material ENVO:01000156 Material derived from a biofilm, an aggregate of microorganisms in which cells adhere to each other and/or to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Biofilm EPS, which is also referred to as slime, is a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides in various configurations. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z ENVO ENVO:01000157 microbial mat material ENVO:01000157 Material derived from a microbial mat, a multi-layered sheet of micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and archaea. Microbial mats create a wide range of internal chemical environments. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_mat ENVO:01000158 Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T08:51:49Z EcoLexicon:marine_snow marine snow Marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_snow ENVO:01000159 A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:00:40Z obsolete organic feature true A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic pertaining to or derived from living organisms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000160 Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:14:38Z marine pockmark Pockmarks are craters in the seabed resulting from the release of gas or liquid. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockmark ENVO:01000161 A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:18:54Z marine sponge reef A marine sponge reef is marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_reef A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:21:27Z LTER:395 ENVO ENVO:01000162 organ ENVO:01000162 A collection of tissues joined in structural unit to serve a common function. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z EcoLexicon:photophore ENVO ENVO:01000163 photophore ENVO:01000163 A photophore is a light-emitting organ which appears as luminous spots on various marine animals, including fish and cephalopods. The organ can be simple, or as complex as the human eye; equipped with lenses, shutters, color filters and reflectors. The light can be produced from compounds during the digestion of prey, from specialized mitochondrial cells in the organism, called photocytes ("light producing" cells) , or, similarly, associated with symbiotic bacteria in the organism. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophore Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000164 root nodule ENVO:01000164 Root nodules occur on the roots of plants that associate with symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000165 trophosome ENVO:01000165 A specialised organ found in deep-sea tube worms populating hydrothermal vent environments that is colonised by chemosynthetic bacteria which supply the host worm with organic compounds. The term may be applied to similar organs in other worms. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_tube_worm A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:23:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000166 mycetome ENVO:01000166 A specialized organ that is linked to the gut in beetles and host to a symbiotic yeast. The yeast cells assist in the digestion of less nutritious foods, supply needed B-vitamins and sterols, and provide resistance to certain toxins. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasioderma_serricorne Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000167 determinate root nodule ENVO:01000167 Determinate nodules are root nodules found on tropical (sub)legumes, such as those of the genera Glycine (soybean), Phaseolus (common bean), Lotus, and Vigna. Determinate nodules lose meristematic activity shortly after initiation, thus growth is due to cell expansion resulting in mature nodules which are spherical in shape. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:34:55Z ENVO ENVO:01000168 indeterminate root nodule ENVO:01000168 Indeterminate nodules are found on temperate legumes like Pisum (pea), Medicago (alfalfa), Trifolium (clover), and Vicia (vetch). They earned the moniker "indeterminate" because they maintain an active apical meristem that produces new cells for growth over the life of the nodule. Because they are actively growing, indeterminate nodules manifest zones which demarcate different stages of development/symbiosis. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000169 indeterminate root nodule active meristem ENVO:01000169 A part of an indeterminate root nodule where new nodule tissue is formed which will later differentiate into the other zones of the nodule. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000170 indeterminate root nodule infection zone ENVO:01000170 A part of an indeterminate root nodule permeated with infection threads full of bacteria. The plant cells are larger than in the previous zone and cell division is halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000171 indeterminate root nodule nitrogen fixation zone ENVO:01000171 A part of an indeterminate root nodule where each cell contains a large, central vacuole and the cytoplasm is filled with fully differentiated bacteroids which are actively fixing nitrogen. Typically, the plant provides these cells with leghemoglobin, resulting in a distinct pink color. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-20T09:38:56Z ENVO ENVO:01000172 indeterminate root nodule senescent zone ENVO:01000172 A part of an indeterminate root nodule where plant cells and their bacteroid contents are being degraded. The breakdown of the heme component of leghemoglobin results in a visible greening at the base of the nodule. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_nodule ENVO:01000173 Water which lacks dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z anaerobic water reducing water anoxic water Water which lacks dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000174 A forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:212 SPIRE:Forest forest biome ENVO:01000175 A woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z woodland biome ENVO:01000176 A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z Preliminary definition. shrubland biome ENVO:01000177 A grassland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland grassland biome ENVO:01000178 A savanna ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Savannah_or_grassland savanna biome ENVO:01000179 A desert ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Desert_or_dune desert biome ENVO:01000180 A tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z SPIRE:Tundra tundra biome ENVO:01000181 A mangrove ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:26:46Z LTER:322 Preliminary definition. Depending on whether mangrove trees or shrubs are present, this class could be a child of shrubland biome or woodland biome. Consider creating the appropriate classes. mangrove biome A mangrove ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove ENVO:01000182 .A temperate desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z temperate desert biome .A temperate desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state WWW:http://www.fs.fed.us/land/ecosysmgmt/colorimagemap/images/340.html ENVO:01000183 .A tropical desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z tropical desert biome .A tropical desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html ENVO:01000184 .A subtropical desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z subtropical desert biome .A subtropical desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. WWW:http://www.earthonlinemedia.com/ebooks/tpe_3e/title_page.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical#Semi-desert.2Fdesert_climate ENVO:01000185 A montane desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z Preliminary definition. montane desert biome ENVO:01000186 .A polar desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:08Z polar desert biome .A polar desert ecosytem which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_desert ENVO:01000187 A savanna biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical savanna biome ENVO:01000188 A savanna biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z tropical savanna biome ENVO:01000189 A savanna biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z prairie biome temperate savanna biome ENVO:01000190 A flooded savanna which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:28:51Z swamp marsh flooded savanna biome A flooded savanna which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flooded_grasslands_and_savannas ENVO:01000191 A subtropical grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z subtropical grassland biome ENVO:01000192 A tropical grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z tropical grassland biome ENVO:01000193 A temperate grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z prairie biome temperate grassland biome ENVO:01000194 A montane grassland which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z Preliminary definition. montane grassland biome ENVO:01000195 2013-04-07T14:29:48Z flooded grassland biome ENVO:01000196 A coniferous forest biome is a forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z coniferous forest biome ENVO:01000197 A broadleaf forest ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000198 A mixed forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z mixed forest biome ENVO:01000199 A mediterranean forest in which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:31:01Z mediterranean forest biome ENVO:01000200 A tropical broadleaf forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z tropical broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000201 A subtropical broadleaf forest in which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z subtropical broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000202 A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. 2013-04-07T14:32:28Z temperate broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000203 An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. 2013-04-07T14:35:18Z A condition defines a restricted range of a given quality or combination of qualities. If an environment class, E, has_condition C, then all qualities listed in C are restricted to the ranges defined in C in E. This is not intended as a logical conditional. environmental condition An environmental condition is a range of a determinate quality or combination of qualities that are present in an environmental system. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 ENVO:01000204 A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z EcoLexicon:the_tropics SPIRE:Tropical tropical A tropical condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives high yearly solar irradiance per unit area and, on Earth, the Sun reaches a subsolar point at least once during the solar year. This results in a hot and moist year-round climate at low elevations, which have a monthly average temperature above 18 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical ENVO:01000205 A subtropical condition is an environmental condition in which an envrionmental system receives more solar irradiance than those with temperate conditions, but less than those with tropical conditions. At low elevations, this typically results in eight months of the year having average temperatures greater than or equal to 10 degrees Celsius with the coldest monthly temperature averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z As with most other climatic zones and conditions, multiple classification schemes have somehat different definitions and criteria. To quote from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ "Several methods have been used to define the subtropical climate. In the Trewartha climate classification, a subtropical region should have at least eight months with a mean temperature of 10 °C (50.0 °F) or above. German climatologists Carl Troll and Karlheinz Paffen defined Warm temperate zones as plain and hilly lands having an average temperature of the coldest month between 2 °C (35.6 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Northern Hemisphere and between 6 °C (42.8 °F) and 13 °C (55.4 °F) in the Southern Hemisphere, excluding oceanic and continental climates. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, there generally exists one large subtropical zone named the warm-temperate subtropical zone,[4] which is subdivided into seven smaller areas.[5] According to the E. Neef climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into two parts: Rainy winters of the west sides and Eastern subtropical climate.[6] According to the Wilhelm Lauer & Peter Frankenberg climate classification, the subtropical zone is divided into three parts: high-continental, continental, and maritime.[7] According to the Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, subtropical is one of six climate zones in the world.[8]" subtropical ENVO:01000206 A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z SPIRE:Temperate tepid climate This class' definition is less satisfactory than the other latitudinal conditoins. temperate A temperate condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives less solar irradiance than those with subpolar conditions, but greater than those with subtropical conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate tepid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_climate ENVO:01000207 A mediterranean condition is a subtropical condition in which hot dry summers and winters with moderate to high rainfall. 2013-04-07T14:36:47Z These regions are under the constant influence of the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water and subtropical ridges. mediterranean A mediterranean condition is a subtropical condition in which hot dry summers and winters with moderate to high rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics ENVO:01000208 A mediterranean woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z mediterranean woodland biome ENVO:01000209 A coniferous forest biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical coniferous forest biome ENVO:01000210 A tropical coniferous forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z tropical coniferous forest biome ENVO:01000211 A coniferous forest biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:14Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate coniferous forest biome ENVO:01000212 A temperate mixed forest in which dominant ecological communities have reached their climax successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:39:30Z temperate mixed forest biome ENVO:01000213 A shrubland biome which is subject to subtropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. subtropical shrubland biome ENVO:01000214 A shrubland biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. tropical shrubland biome ENVO:01000215 A shrubland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z prairie biome Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. temperate shrubland biome ENVO:01000216 A montane shrubland biome is a shrubland biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. montane shrubland biome ENVO:01000217 A mediterranean shrubland biome is a subtropical shrubland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean shrubland biome ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T14:40:32Z ENVO ENVO:01000218 Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. xeric shrubland biome ENVO:01000218 ENVO:01000219 An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. 2013-04-07T14:45:22Z anthrome human biome Preliminary definition. anthropogenic terrestrial biome An anthropogenic terrestrial biome is a terrestrial biome which has community structures determined by human activity. http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/150128/ ENVO:01000220 A tropical woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z tropical woodland biome ENVO:01000221 A woodland biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z temperate woodland biome ENVO:01000222 A subtropical woodland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T15:01:04Z subtropical woodland biome ENVO:01000223 A montane savanna biome is a savanna biome which occurs in regions elevated above sea level and which has community structure determined by elevation-dependent environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-07T16:50:01Z Preliminary definition. montane savanna biome ENVO:01000224 A subtropical grassland biome which includes communities adapted to hot to warm, dry summers, mild to cold, rainy winters, and the influence of large, usually marine, bodies of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-19T11:42:48Z Preliminary definition. The semantics and definitions of "mediterranean", "subtropical", "tropical", "temperate", "polar", and similar climate types may be transferred to an "environmental condition" class once the semantics of this class have been established. mediterranean grassland biome ENVO:01000225 A subtropical dry broadleaf forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z subtropical dry broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000226 A subtropical moist broadleaf forest in which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-24T12:04:53Z subtropical moist broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000227 A tropical dry broadleaf forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z tropical dry broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000228 A tropical moist broadleaf forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-04-24T12:05:25Z SPIRE:Rainforest rainforest biome tropical moist broadleaf forest biome ENVO:01000229 A savanna biome which is subject to mediterranean climate patterns. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-04-24T12:20:42Z mediterranean savanna biome ENVO:01000230 An environmental condition in which annual precipitation is less than half of annual potential evapotranspiration. 2013-04-24T13:28:18Z EcoLexicon:aridity arid ENVO:01000231 Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust. PLB 2013-05-05T16:52:47Z EcoLexicon:lava SWEETRealm:Lava Some use 'lava' to refer to rock that is formed when lava cools. This is not the intended meaning of this class. See 'igneous rock' or similar. lava Lava is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids which has extruded beyond a planetary crust. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Felsic lava is lava which is high in silica (> 69 percent by weight), aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz. Felsic lava has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as 650 to 750 °C. Unusually hot (>950 °C) rhyolite lavas, however, may flow for distances of many tens of kilometres PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z silicic lava ENVO ENVO:01000232 felsic lava ENVO:01000232 Felsic lava is lava which is high in silica (> 69 percent by weight), aluminium, potassium, sodium, and calcium, forming a polymerized liquid rich in feldspar and quartz. Felsic lava has a higher viscosity than other magma types. Felsic magmas can erupt at temperatures as low as 650 to 750 °C. Unusually hot (>950 °C) rhyolite lavas, however, may flow for distances of many tens of kilometres https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava silicic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava Intermediate lava is lava which, relative to felsic lava, is lower in aluminium and silica (between 52 and 63 percent by weight), and usually somewhat richer in magnesium and iron. The temperature of intermediate lava ranges from 750 to 950 degrees Celsius, destroying polymerized bonds and promoting more fluid behaviour relative to felsic lavas and also a greater tendency to form phenocrysts. Higher iron and magnesium tends to manifest as a darker groundmass, and also occasionally amphibole or pyroxene phenocrysts. PLB 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z andesitic lava ENVO ENVO:01000233 intermediate lava ENVO:01000233 Intermediate lava is lava which, relative to felsic lava, is lower in aluminium and silica (between 52 and 63 percent by weight), and usually somewhat richer in magnesium and iron. The temperature of intermediate lava ranges from 750 to 950 degrees Celsius, destroying polymerized bonds and promoting more fluid behaviour relative to felsic lavas and also a greater tendency to form phenocrysts. Higher iron and magnesium tends to manifest as a darker groundmass, and also occasionally amphibole or pyroxene phenocrysts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_composition andesitic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava ENVO:01000234 Mafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types other than ultramafic lava, has a high ferromagnesian content and low aluminium and silica content, with silca making up between 45 and 52 percent of its weight. 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z basaltic lava Mafic lava generally erupts at temperatures in excess of 950 degrees Celsius. The high temperature and low polymerisation in mafic lava favors low viscosity and chemical diffusion, promoting the formation of large, well-formed phenocrysts. mafic lava Mafic lava is lava which, relative to other lava types other than ultramafic lava, has a high ferromagnesian content and low aluminium and silica content, with silca making up between 45 and 52 percent of its weight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava basaltic lava https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava ENVO:01000235 Lava which, relative to other lava types, has very high magnesium oxide content and less than 45 percent silica by weight. 2013-05-05T16:56:29Z Ultramafic lava generally erupts at temperatures of 1600 degrees Celsius. Due to its high temperature and composition, the viscosity of ultramafic lava is very low. ultramafic lava Lava which, relative to other lava types, has very high magnesium oxide content and less than 45 percent silica by weight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_rock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava ENVO:01000236 Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. PLB 2013-05-05T17:07:15Z EcoLexicon:basalt SWEETRealm:Basalt basalt Basalt is a volcanic rock which is formed by the rapid cooling of basaltic lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt ENVO:01000237 A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-05-06T09:47:07Z coastal chaparral coastal scrubland A coastal scrubland is a scrubland which is part of a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral_ecoregion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_sage_scrub coastal chaparral https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_chaparral_and_woodlands ENVO:01000238 A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. 2013-05-08T07:49:36Z SPIRE:Polar SWEETRealm:Polarization frigid On Earth, polar conditions are such that every month has average temperature lower than 10 degrees Celsius. Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. polar A polar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area, resulting in colder climatic conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate frigid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate ENVO:01000239 A woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. 2013-06-04T22:33:52Z oak woodland A woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of oak trees. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 ENVO:01000240 A woodland ecosystem which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees belonging to the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. 2013-06-06T14:39:17Z conifer woodland A woodland ecosystem which has a tree community primarily composed of coniferous trees belonging to the Division Pinophyta, also known as Coniferophyta or Coniferae. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conifer ENVO:01000241 A woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. PLB 2013-06-06T14:44:52Z juniper woodland A woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the genus Juniperus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper ENVO:01000242 A scrubland which is located in a desert. 2013-06-06T15:02:30Z desert scrub desert scrubland A scrubland which is located in a desert. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 desert scrub ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 ENVO:01000243 A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. PLB 2013-06-06T15:10:50Z EcoLexicon:boulder SWEETRealm:Boulder boulder A piece of rock with a grain size above 300 millimetres in diameter. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulder ENVO:01000244 A conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. 2013-06-06T15:22:52Z pinyon juniper woodland A conifer woodland which has a tree community primarily composed of trees of the subsection Cembroides of the genus Pinus and the genus Juniperus. ORCID:0000-0001-8743-9574 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyon_pine ENVO:01000245 A cropland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z cropland biome A cropland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. ENVO:01000246 A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z Villages are also described as agricultural settlements with greater than 100 persons per square kilometre; however, no upper limit is defined. village biome A village biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which contains settlements such as villages, towns, and/or small cities and which is primarily used for agricultural activity. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 ENVO:01000247 A rangeland ecosystem which has reached its climactic successional state. 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z rangeland biome A rangeland ecosystem which has reached its climactic successional state. A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z ENVO:01000248 dense settlement biome ENVO:01000248 A dense settlement biome is an anthropogenic terrestrial biome which is primarily used for human habitation, recreation, and industry within built structures with little other land use. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 ENVO:01000249 An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-06-14T11:45:47Z SPIRE:Urban urban biome An urban biome is a dense settlement biome which has been urbanised. DOI:10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00540.x DOI:10.1890/070062 ENVO:01000250 A coniferous forest biome which includes communities adapted to subpolar conditions. 2013-09-04T06:41:53Z EcoLexicon:taiga LTER:72 SPIRE:Taiga boreal forest taiga subpolar coniferous forest biome ENVO:01000251 A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. 2013-09-04T07:08:34Z boreal subarctic Note that this class refers to a climatic rather than a positional condition. subpolar A subpolar condition is an environmental condition in which an environmental system receives low, yearly solar irradiance per unit area and is surrounded by large land masses. This results in very cold winters with temperatures potentially falling to around -40 degrees Celsius and summers which last no more than 3 months of the year with a 24-hour average temperature of at least 10 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate boreal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate subarctic https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic_climate ENVO:01000252 A freshwater lake ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z freshwater lake biome ENVO:01000253 A freshwater river ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2013-09-19T11:11:01Z freshwater river biome ENVO:01000254 A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. 2013-09-23T16:04:08Z EcoLexicon:environment environment In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised. environmental system A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities. DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43 ENVO:01000255 A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:23:32Z mineral ore deposit ore deposit Note that the definition of the term mineral is debatable; however, a mineral generally must be naturally occuring, stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula (unlike rocks, which may include a wide variety of components), are usually formed by geophysical processes (i.e. are abiogenic), and have an ordered atomic arrangement. mineral deposit A mineral deposit is a physiographic feature which has unusually high concentrations of one or more minerals. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383726/mineral-deposit?anchor=ref624175 ore deposit URL:http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/383726/mineral-deposit?anchor=ref624175 ENVO:01000256 A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. Look for "mineral" in a chemical or geochemical ontology to formalise the composed primarily of link. From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ [A mineral] is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regards to it having an ordered atomic structure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-05T12:37:41Z LTER:341 mineral material A mineral material is an environmental material which is primarily composed of some substance that is naturally occurring, solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and that has an ordered atomic structure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T19:57:22Z ENVO ENVO:01000257 white smoker ENVO:01000257 A hydrothermal vent found on the ocean floor which emits lighter-hued minerals, such as those containing barium, calcium and silicon. These alkaline hydrothermal vents also continuously generate acetyl thioesters, providing both the starting point for more complex organic molecules and the energy needed to produce them. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_vent ENVO:01000258 A fluid front which is 1) thin in comparison to the fluid mass it is a part of and 2) across which a property of that fluid mass varies greatly over short vertical distance, relative to variation across the entire fluid mass. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:10:13Z cline A similar term exists in linguistics and mathematics. An ecocline, or biological cline, is a related concept; however, may be better placed as a child of a class like "ecotone". Further, some definitions of "layer" require a layer's constiuent materials to have consistent properties, thus "cline" would not qualify as a subclass. The term "gradient" has been proposed as a more suitable superclass. Discussion in Issue #286) fluid cline A fluid front which is 1) thin in comparison to the fluid mass it is a part of and 2) across which a property of that fluid mass varies greatly over short vertical distance, relative to variation across the entire fluid mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cline_(hydrology) ENVO:01000259 A cline across which the density of a fluid changes rapidly. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z stable density gradient pycnocline A cline across which the density of a fluid changes rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline stable density gradient https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnocline ENVO:01000260 A nutricline which is part of a water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z nutrient gradient nutricline within a water body A nutricline which is part of a water body. CMECS:1345 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_layer ENVO:01000261 A cline within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T20:16:10Z obsolete lysocline true A cline within a marine water body where the rate of calcite dissolution changes rapidly with depth. The increase in the rate of calcite dissolution with depth is largely due to the concomitant fall in calcite saturation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysocline ENVO:01000262 A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:13:21Z seep A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_(hydrology) ENVO:01000263 MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:16:39Z hydrocarbon seep methane seep cold seep MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: A cold seep is a seep in which methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluids rise to the sea floor. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: An area of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage occurs. Cold seeps are distinct from hydrothermal vents: the former's emissions are of the same temperature as the surrounding seawater, whereas the latter's emissions are super-heated. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_seep A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. 2013-10-10T07:55:56Z vapor ENVO ENVO:01000264 Obsoleted. Not really a material. Use PATO's "quality of a gas" on a material to express vapour forms. obsolete vapour true ENVO:01000264 A vapour is an environmental material in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor ENVO:01000265 A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-06T21:19:00Z hot seep hydrothermal seep A hydrothermal seep is a seep in which diffuse flow of geothermally heated fluids with high methane concentrations. This seep has been proposed as an intermediate between cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2012.0205 ENVO:01000266 Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T07:58:18Z aqueous vapor aqueous vapour water vapor Perhaps a better relation between water vapour and water can be found in or added to RO? water vapour Water vapour is a vapour which is the gas phase of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor aqueous vapour https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor ENVO:01000267 An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:14:50Z LTER:48 atmosphere An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a material body of sufficient mass that is held in place by the gravity of the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_geography Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-10T08:22:07Z atmospheric water vapor ENVO ENVO:01000268 atmospheric water vapour ENVO:01000268 Atmospheric water vapour is water vapour that is part of an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor atmospheric water vapor https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_vapor A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000269 siltstone ENVO:01000269 A sedimentary rock which is composed mainly of silt. This rock has a grainsize in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystones. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siltstone A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000270 claystone ENVO:01000270 A clastic sedimentary rock which is composed primarily of clay sized particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claystone Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000271 clastic sedimentary rock ENVO:01000271 Clastic sedimentary rocks are sedimentary rocks that are composed of silicate minerals and rock fragments that were transported by moving fluids. Clastic rocks are composed largely of quartz, feldspar, rock (lithic) fragments, clay minerals, and mica; numerous other minerals may be present as accessories and may be important locally. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentary_rock#Clastic_sedimentary_rocks A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z ENVO ENVO:01000272 There is debate on the usage of mudstone and mudrock, and some ambiguity is to be expected. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. mudstone ENVO:01000272 A mudstone is a clastic sedimentary rock which contains a mixture of at least one third of silt- and one third of clay-sized particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudrock#Nomenclature https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudstone ENVO:01000273 Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z calcilutite cementstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ The terminology of "mudstone" is not to be confused with the Dunham classification scheme for limestones. In Dunham's classification, a mudstone is any limestone containing less than ten percent carbonate grains. Note, a siliciclastic mudstone does not deal with carbonate grains. Friedman, Sanders, and Kopaska-Merkel (1992) suggest the use of "lime mudstone" to avoid confusion with siliciclastic rocks. lime mudstone Lime mudstone is a limestone which is primarily composed of either clay-size or both silt-size and clay-size detrital (transported) carbonate grains. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudstone calcilutite https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite cementstone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcilutite ENVO:01000274 Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T14:51:19Z slate Slate is a metamorphic rock which is fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous, Slates are derived from clastic sedimentary rocks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate ENVO:01000275 A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-12T16:30:32Z structural basin A structural basin is a geological depression formed by tectonic warping of previously flat lying rock strata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_basin ENVO:01000276 A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. 2013-10-12T17:21:09Z Specific ecoregions are geographically defined and instantiated entities (e.g. Beringia lowland tundra), and should be represented as instances / named individuals of ENVO:ecoregion or an appropriate subclass. ecoregion A large unit of land or water containing a geographically distinct assemblage of species, natural communities, and environmental conditions. DOI:10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 URL:http://worldwildlife.org/biomes ENVO:01000277 Ice which is formed from water. 2013-10-13T12:01:28Z LTER:262 ice Water ice can appear transparent or opaque bluish-white color, depending on the presence of impurities or air inclusions. The addition of other materials such as soil may further alter its appearance. When speaking about ice on Earth, usually water ice is meant - the solid, crystalline form of water found in the atmosphere as snow crystals, hail, ice pellets, etc., and on the earth's surface in forms such as hoarfrost, rime, glaze, sea ice, glacier ice, ground ice, frazil, anchor ice, etc. This form of water is, strictly speaking, called ice Ih, the Roman numeral I distinguishing it from more than a dozen other phases and the letter h distinguishing it from the metastable cubic phase ice Ic. Ice Ih is the only one of the several known phases of water ice that is stable at commonly occurring temperatures and pressures. (Some of the other forms have very unusual properties, ice VII, for example, being stable only at pressures above 22 400 kg/cm^2, but then existing at temperatures up to about 100C.) It has an open structure with a specific gravity of 0.9166 which is slightly less than water; because the water molecules bond to their neighbors covalently only in four directions; it therefore floats on higher density water, where broken molecular bonds permit closer packing. All commonly occurring forms of ice are crystalline, although large single crystals are relatively rare except in glaciers. The ice crystal lattice possesses hexagonal symmetry that manifests itself in the gross forms of such single crystals as are sometimes found in snow. At an air pressure of one atmosphere, ice melts at 0 C by definition of the Celsius temperature scale. (Strictly speaking the equilibrium point among water, ice, and vapor occurs at +0.01C, the triple point.) On the other hand, ice does not invariably form in liquid water cooled below this temperature; it has a tendency to supercool, more so in the absence of ice nuclei. In permafrost regions, ice may occupy voids in soils and rocks and may develop in a variety of forms. Ice may be colourless to pale blue or greenish-blue. It may appear white due to included gas bubbles; in exposures, ground ice may also appear black. In nature ice is formed either by: (a) the freezing of water, (b) the condensation of atmospheric water vapour direct into ice crystals, (c) the compaction of snow with or without the motion of a glacier, or (d) the impregnation of porous snow masses with water which subsequently freeze. water ice Ice which is formed from water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4131 ENVO:01000278 A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:15:55Z pingo scar A depression caused by the collapse of a pingo. DOI:10.1016/0033-5894(76)90039-9 ENVO:01000279 An ice mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T12:20:34Z ice lenses ice lens An ice mass which is formed when moisture, diffused within soil or rock, accumulates and freezes in a localized zone, wedging soil or rock apart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Lens ice lenses ENVO:01000280 Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-13T18:32:46Z ENVO contains this top-level class, but all instances will be in GAZ. The definition is preliminary and will be aligned to BFO. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ecozones correspond to the floristic kingdoms of botany or zoogeographic regions of zoology. Ecozones are characterized by the evolutionary history of the organisms they contain. They are distinct from biomes, also known as major habitat types, which are divisions of the Earth's surface based on life form, or the adaptation of plants and animals to climatic, soil, and other conditions. Biomes are characterized by similar climax vegetation. Each ecozone may include a number of different biomes. A tropical moist broadleaf forest in Central America, for example, may be similar to one in New Guinea in its vegetation type and structure, climate, soils, etc., but these forests are inhabited by plants and animals with very different evolutionary histories. ecozone Ecozones delineate large areas of a planetary surface within which organisms have been evolving in relative isolation over long periods of time, separated from one another by geographic features, such as oceans, broad deserts, or high mountain ranges, that constitute barriers to migration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecozone ENVO:01000281 A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. 2013-10-15T16:42:02Z layer A material entity which 1) is spatially continuous, 2) is composed of material of comparable thickness, composition, and physical properties, and 3) is physically distinct from adjacent portions of environmental material. ENVO:01000282 A solid layer which is composed primarily of sedimentary rock or soil. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:49:04Z stratum sedimentary stratum A solid layer which is composed primarily of sedimentary rock or soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratum A layer which is part of a lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T16:57:43Z ENVO ENVO:01000283 Note that this class does not contain metalimnion as a subclass. The metaliminon is classified as a thermocline. lake layer ENVO:01000283 ENVO:01000284 A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z amictic lake A lake which is permanently covered by ice, does not mix, and exhibit inverse cold water stratification whereby water temperature increases with depth below the ice surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amictic_lake A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO non-meromictic lake ENVO:01000285 holomictic lake ENVO:01000285 A holomictic lake is a lake which mixes at least once per year. Mixing is caused by a uniform temperature distribution from the upper to lower layers of the lake. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomictic non-meromictic lake DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holomictic A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000286 dimictic lake ENVO:01000286 A dimitic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during two mixing periods each year. Mixing typically occurs during the spring and autumn, when the lake is "isothermal" (i.e., at the same temperature from the top to the bottom). At this time the water throughout the lake is about 4°C, and, in the absence of any temperature or density differences, the lake readily mixes from top to bottom. These lakes are common in regions with temperate climates. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimictic_lake A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000287 polymictic lake ENVO:01000287 A polymictic lake is a holomictic lake which is too shallow to allow thermal stratification and which can mix from top to bottom through the ice-free period of the year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:08:47Z ENVO ENVO:01000288 monomictic lake ENVO:01000288 A monomictic lake is a holomictic lake which mixes from top to bottom during one mixing period each year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:23:51Z ENVO ENVO:01000289 cold monomictic lake ENVO:01000289 A monomictic lake which is covered by ice throughout much of the year and only mixes when its surface ice melts and the lake lacks thermal stratification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:26:42Z ENVO ENVO:01000290 warm monomictic lake ENVO:01000290 A monomictic lake which does not freeze and is thermally stratified throughout most of the year, only mixing in winter when cooler temperatures ease stratification. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomictic A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:31:50Z ENVO ENVO:01000291 cold polymictic lake ENVO:01000291 A cold polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is covered by ice in winter. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T17:32:26Z ENVO ENVO:01000292 warm polymictic lake ENVO:01000292 A warm polymictic lake is a polymictic lake which is not covered by ice at any point during the year. DOI:10.1139/f83-207 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymictic ENVO:01000293 A mass of water ice. Class should be populated by inference and asserted subclasses redistributed. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-15T19:49:11Z accumulation of ice ice accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice mass A deep fissure in rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T00:42:47Z ENVO crevice ENVO:01000294 crevice ENVO:01000294 A deep fissure in rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture crevice USGS:SDTS ENVO:01000295 A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 marine layer A layer that is part of a marine water body. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000296 A lake bed which is dry. That is, the bed of a dry lake. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T12:12:53Z Deliberately disjoint with "lake bed", which must be covered with water. dry lake bed A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-16T12:56:48Z ENVO ENVO:01000297 Preliminary definition. freshwater river ENVO:01000297 A river where fresh water flows. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01000298 A slope which is part of the seafloor, descends from the continental crust to the oceanic crust, and comprises the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-18T00:04:57Z EcoLexicon:continental_margin SWEETRealm:ContinentalMargin On Earth, continental margins constitute about 28% of the oceanic area. continental margin A slope which is part of the seafloor, descends from the continental crust to the oceanic crust, and comprises the continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_margin ENVO:01000299 A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. 2013-10-19T11:11:28Z This is an interesting class. It's not really a column in the sense of a water column, nor is it a current, exactly. It may also occur in any fluid, gaseous or liquid. Taylor column A Taylor column is a column of deflected fluid flow which is formed in a perturbed, rotating fluid, is parallel to the axis of rotation, and extends above the obstacle perturbing the fluid in a rigid manner. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:12:43Z ENVO vortex street ENVO:01000300 atmospheric Taylor column ENVO:01000300 An atmospheric Taylor column is a Taylor column that is formed in the atmosphere. Atmospheric Taylor columns often form above islands resulting in vortex streets in the atmosphere. ISBN:978-0-444-82619-0 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_column vortex street https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kármán_vortex_street Brackish water which is part of an estuary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2013-10-19T11:30:46Z ENVO ENVO:01000301 estuarine water ENVO:01000301 Brackish water which is part of an estuary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estuary ENVO:01000302 A portion of environmental material which protrudes through a surface layer. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2014-04-24T13:12:49Z This is kept as a general class. One can specify subclasses by identifying the protruding material (e.g. rock outcroup, mineral outcrop, etc ) and the material(s) the protrusion emerges from. Possible logical definition: A portion of ENVO:environmental material which has_quality PATO:"protruding out of" a ENVO:surface layer of an ENVO:environmental material. outcrop ENVO:01000303 An endolithic environment is an environment that exists within solid rock. endolithic environment ENVO:01000304 A high pressure environment is an environment in which all material entities are exposed to a high ratio of force per unit area. high pressure environment ENVO:01000305 A high temperature environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to increased levels of heat radiation or which have molecules or atoms moving randomly with increased levels of average kinietic energy. high temperature environment ENVO:01000306 An aquatic environment which is determined by freshwater. Water (non-saline) fresh water environment freshwater environment Water (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01000307 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water. Water (saline) saline water environment Water (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01000308 An environmental system which is located beyond the Earth's exosphere and away from the Earth's core. This would need an instance of planet (i.e. Earth) to be fully expressed. Note that this is not necessarily outer space, as it can include planetary environments that are not of Earth. extraterrestrial environment ENVO:01000309 An environment which has a lower temperature than some local or global average. The definition of the deprecated 'cold temperature habitat' class, which this class was derived from, quotes an upper threshold of 15 degrees Celsius for 'coldness'. cold environment ENVO:01000310 A haline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of salt, typically above 2 molar. haline environment ENVO:01000311 A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. EcoLexicon:agriculture FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:V.CULT LTER:17 SPIRE:Agricultural SWEETRealm:Range cropland ENVO CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden cultivated environment A cultivated environment is an environment that has been modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS ENVO:01000312 A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO culturing environment A culturing environment is an environment which is maintained by humans for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture ENVO:01000313 An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity. Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic. anthropogenic environment ENVO:01000314 A high osmolarity environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high concentrations of solutes. high osmolarity environment ENVO:01000315 An acidic environment is an environment in which material entities are exposed to a low pH. acidic environment ENVO:01000316 An alkaline environment is an environment in which entities are exposed to high pH, typically greater than a pH of 9. alkaline environment ENVO:01000317 An environment whose dynamics are strongly influenced by water. aquatic environment ENVO:01000318 An extreme high temperature environment is a high temperature environment in which entities are exposed to temperatures above 80 degrees Celsius. The lower threshold, 80 degrees Celsius, is derived from the definition of the obsolete class "extreme high temperature habitat" which this class replaces. extreme high temperature environment ENVO:01000319 A rocky slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of rock. rocky slope ENVO:01000320 An enviroment system which is determined by an ocean or sea. marine environment An enviroment system which is determined by an ocean or sea. NM:nm ENVO:01000321 An environmental system determined by seawater. ocean water environment sea water environment ENVO:01000322 An environment determined by the presence of brackish water. This may refer to environments submerged in brackish water or those that are determined by its presence, such as a brackish water pond environment. brackish water environment ENVO:01000323 The atmospheric boundary layer is the lowest layer of an atmosphere which is strongly influenced by its contact with a planetary surface with strong vertical mixing and in which physical quantities such as flow velocity, temperature, and moisture display rapid fluctuations (turbulence). planetary boundary layer atmospheric boundary layer ENVO:01000324 A planetary surface is a surface layer where the solid or liquid material of a planet comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities planetary surface ENVO:01000325 A layer in a water mass, itself composed primarily of water. This class will eventually be populated by inference, and its asserted subclasses removed. aquatic layer ENVO:01000326 A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum. Logical def is incomplete. Need to express the idea of maximum chlorophyll. This could follow a pattern like: X has_maximum_levels_of Y relative_to Z, i.e. DCM has_maximum_levels_of chlorophyll relative_to subsurface_aquatic_layer May also be useful to include has_decreased_levels_of light intensity relative_to surface aquatic layer Further discussion in Issue #126. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 DCM subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer The DCM may or may not indicate greater abundance of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-bearing cells, as shade-adapted cells may have a greater chlorophyll to biomass ration than surface variants. Further, some DCMs may be formed by the sinking of cells from surface zones or the subduction of surface waters, rather than through biotic, community-level processess. deep chlorophyll maximum layer A subsurface layer in a water body, typically an ocean or lake, in which chlorophyll concentrations reach their maximum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_chlorophyll_maximum The DCM may or may not indicate greater abundance of photosynthetic, chlorophyll-bearing cells, as shade-adapted cells may have a greater chlorophyll to biomass ration than surface variants. Further, some DCMs may be formed by the sinking of cells from surface zones or the subduction of surface waters, rather than through biotic, community-level processess. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_chlorophyll_maximum ENVO:01000327 A strand swamp is a swamp that forms linear drainage channels on flatlands. strand swamp ENVO:01000328 A dome swamp is a swamp which occurs in a depression where deeper waters at the centre of the swamp allow trees to grow taller relative to those in shallower regions of the depression. This creates a dome-like shape. The logical def should be improved with the idea of a vegetation unit growing in a depression expressed. dome swamp ENVO:01000329 A cypress dome swamp is a dome swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress dome swamp Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress dome ENVO:01000330 A cypress strand swamp is a strand swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. cypress strand Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress strand swamp ENVO:01000331 A cypress swamp is a swamp which has a plant community dominated by Cupressaceae, often swamp cypresses. Swamp cypresses typically belong to the genus Taxodium or the species Glyptostrobus pensilis and Actinostrobus pyramidalis. Requires import of some taxonomy for differentia cypress swamp ENVO:01000332 A gravelly slope is a slope which has a surface primarily composed of gravel. gravelly slope ENVO:01000333 A hillside is a slope that is part of a hill. brae hillside ENVO:01000334 A talus slope is a slope which has a surface layer composed of scree. scree slope talus slope ENVO:01000335 An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. under story undergrowth understorey understory An understory is a layer of plant life which grows below the canopy without penetrating it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Understory ENVO:01000336 A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. shrub layer A shrub layer is a layer of vegetation in a woodland or forest consisting of low, woody vegetation of frutescent form. http://www.treeterms.co.uk/definitions/shrub-layer ENVO:01000337 A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. fern layer herb layer herb stratum herbaceous layer herbaceous stratum herbaceous understory ground cover ground vegetation regeneration layer This definition is inclusive of non-herbaceous plants that may be transiently present in the "herb layer". See Gilliam FS (2007) The Ecological Significance of the Herbaceous Layer in Temperate Forest Ecosystems. BioScience. 57(10):845-858. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007) for rationale and a review of definitional and terminological variation. herb and fern layer A herb and fern layer is a layer of a forest or woodland which is composed of all vascular plant life that are one metre or less in height. http://dx.doi.org/10.1641/B571007 ENVO:01000338 ground layer Refers to the ground layer of a forest or woodland where leaf litter or other plant matter accumulates litter layer ENVO:01000339 A biome which is subject to polar climatic conditions. This class is primarily for inference and, in general, should not be used directly by annotators. If you're an annotator, please consider using a more informative term such as 'tundra biome'. polar biome ENVO:01000340 An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. LTER:26 Requested term with preliminary def. See Issue 29 on the envo tracker. alpine An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having a monthly mean temperature is less than 10 degrees Celsius and being located at altitudes above the tree line and below the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation ENVO:01000341 An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude immediately below the tree line of an elevation. Requested in Issue 33 of our tracker. The lower boundry of this condition's range, that is, the lower altitudinal limit of an elevation that is considuered subalpine, is not clear in this definition. subalpine ENVO:01000342 An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. LTER:350 The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. montane An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located at an altitude between mid-altitude forests and the tree line. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation The exact level of the tree line varies with local climate, but typically the tree line is found where mean monthly soil temperatures never exceed 10.0 degrees C and the mean annual soil temperatures are around 6.7 degrees C. In the tropics, this region is typified by montane rain forest (above 3,000 ft) while at higher latitudes coniferous forests often dominate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation ENVO:01000343 An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. Depending on the latitude (and, to a lesser extent, other factors), the actual location of the zones where these conditions are in effect will change. altitudinal condition An altitudinal condition is an environmental condition in which ranges of factors such as temperature, humidity, soil composition, solar irradiation, and tree density vary with ranges in altitude. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation ENVO:01000344 An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having extremely limited vegetation cover, silica-enriched soils, and ground cover dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline. nival An altitudinal condition which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer having extremely limited vegetation cover, silica-enriched soils, and ground cover dominated by snow and ice at altitudes above the snowline. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altitudinal_zonation ENVO:01000345 An upper montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately below the tree line. This definition is somewhat odd in that it doesn't clearly define a lower boundary. upper montane ENVO:01000346 A lower montane condition is a montane condition in which an altitude range falls immediately above mid-altitude forests. This definition does not define an upper boundary. lower montane ENVO:01000347 A conifer woodland which is subject to montane environmental conditions. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 montane conifer woodland ENVO:01000348 A field used for the cultivation of corn or related crop plants. Requested in Issue 112 as part of the curation of metagenome submissions in the European Nucleotide Archive. maize field ENVO:01000349 An organic material primarily composed of a portion of plant root. Requested in Issue 115 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. root matter ENVO:01000350 Autoclaved sand is sand that has been sterlised by exposure to high pressure saturated steam at at least 121 degrees Celsius. Requested in Issue 116 as part of the annotation of metagenomic submissions present in the European Nucleotide Archive. autoclaved sand ENVO:01000351 A marine mesoscale eddy is a current of marine water which has a typical horizontal diameter of less than 100 km and persists for approximately one month. ENVO:01000069 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 obsolete marine mesoscale eddy true A marine mesoscale eddy is a current of marine water which has a typical horizontal diameter of less than 100 km and persists for approximately one month. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ocean-mesoscale-eddies ENVO:01000352 An unbroken expanse (as of ice) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class was created to accommodate "fields" from agricultural fields to marine mesoscale eddy fields. Thus, it has a very broad definition which makes it less than informative when annotating. Please consider using or requesting an appropriate subclass. field An unbroken expanse (as of ice) http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/field ENVO:01000353 A mesoscale eddy field is an expanse of marine water which includes coherent vortices, as well as a rich cascade of other structures such as filaments, squirts and spirals and is characterized by temperature and salinity anomalies with associated flow anomalies that are nearly in geostrophic balance. Although only the surface expression of mesoscale eddies is visible in satellite images of sea surface height or temperature, they are in fact three dimensional structures that reach down into the pycnocline. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 marine mesoscale eddy field A mesoscale eddy field is an expanse of marine water which includes coherent vortices, as well as a rich cascade of other structures such as filaments, squirts and spirals and is characterized by temperature and salinity anomalies with associated flow anomalies that are nearly in geostrophic balance. Although only the surface expression of mesoscale eddies is visible in satellite images of sea surface height or temperature, they are in fact three dimensional structures that reach down into the pycnocline. http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/ocean-mesoscale-eddies ENVO:01000354 An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. ice cap climatic condition An ice cap climatic condition is a polar condition in which the montly average temperature does not exceed 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate ENVO:01000355 A layer which is determined by a form of vegetation. forest layer forest stratum woodland layer woodland stratum Usually found in woodlands and forests. vegetation layer ENVO:01000356 A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. Requested in issue 45. Some relations to PATO and SWEET classes suggested. granite A portion of granite is a portion of igneous rock which is intrusive, felsic, granular, and phaneritic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granite ENVO:01000357 A portion of alkaline water is a portion of water with a pH greater than 7. Here, we commit to a threshold of pH as this is almost universally accepted. alkaline water ENVO:01000358 A portion of acidic water is a portion of water with a pH less than 7. acidic water ENVO:01000359 A cave formed in limestone, usually by dissolution of limestone by acidic groundwater. Can be linked to a solutional environmental process and acidic groundwater. limestone cave ENVO:01000360 A cave formed by the dissolution of soluble rock or other solid material such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, salt or marble. Can be linked to a solutional environmental process and acidic groundwater. solutional cave A cave formed by the dissolution of soluble rock or other solid material such as limestone, chalk, dolomite, gypsum, salt or marble. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO:01000361 A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. primary cave A cave formed at the same time as the surrounding rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO:01000362 A cave that is formed by the action of pressurised lava pushing against surrounding rock and then draining away. inflationary cave A cave that is formed by the action of pressurised lava pushing against surrounding rock and then draining away. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_cave ENVO:01000363 A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments. erosional cave A cave formed by erosion caused by flowing streams carrying rocks or sediments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO:01000364 A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. glacier cave A glacier cave is a cave formed within or under a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO:01000365 An ice cave is a bedrock cave which contains year-round ice formations. ice cave ENVO:01000366 A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. talus cave A talus cave is a cave formed by the openings between large boulders which have fallen into a random heap. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO:01000367 An anchialine cave is a cave which contains an anchialine pool. anchialine cave An anchialine cave is a cave which contains an anchialine pool. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave ENVO:01000368 An anchialine pool is a landlocked water body with a subterranean connection to the ocean and which has fresh water towards its surface with saline water in its deeper layers. anchialine pond anchialine pool An anchialine pool is a landlocked water body with a subterranean connection to the ocean and which has fresh water towards its surface with saline water in its deeper layers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchialine_pool ENVO:01000369 A cave which is within a vadose zone. vadose cave A cave which is within a vadose zone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordloch ENVO:01000370 An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. tundra climatic condition An tundra climatic condition is a polar condition in which at least one month's average temperature exceeds 0 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_climate ENVO:01000371 Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. agricultural waste As with other wastes, this is more a role than a material in itself. This should be revised. agricultural waste material Agricultural waste is waste produced as a result of various agricultural operations. It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=77 ENVO:01000372 Household waste refers to waste material usually generated in the residential environment. Waste with similar characteristics may be generated in other economic activities and can thus be treated and disposed of together with household waste. This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being associated with domestic entities. household waste household waste material Household waste refers to waste material usually generated in the residential environment. Waste with similar characteristics may be generated in other economic activities and can thus be treated and disposed of together with household waste. ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1261 ENVO:01000373 Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). This will become a defined class, with subclasses added through inference based on material having a 'waste role' and being composed primarily of some organic or biological matter. biological waste biological waste material Biological waste is waste containing mostly natural organic materials (remains of plants, animal excrement, biological sludge from waste-water treatment plants and so forth). ISBN:978-92-1-161386-5 http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=3097 ENVO:01000374 A woodland which is subject to arid environmental conditions. xerophytic ecosystem Dry woodlands often occur in areas of rain shadow in a tropical marine climates. They receive very little rainfall and typically have rapidly draining soils. Trees in these woodlands have adaptations to dry climates such as thick bark, small leaves, and the disposition to shed their leaves. dry woodland A woodland which is subject to arid environmental conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate ENVO:01000375 A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. tropical marine condition A tropical marine condition is a tropical condition in which the ocean strongly influences the climate and a wet and dry season occur. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate ENVO:01000376 A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 semi-evergreen forest mesophytic ecosystem tropical marine semi-evergreen forest A semi-evergreen forest is a forest which undergoes a long dry season and, as a consequence, has a two-storey layer structure, a dry canopy, a leaf litter layer that only decays during moist periods trees with very small leaves or which shed their leaves to conserve water and which flower during the dry season and grow during the wet season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate mesophytic ecosystem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_marine_climate ENVO:01000377 A humid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has hot, humid summers, warm to cool dry winters, and average annual precipitation either evenly distributed throughout the year or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter In cases where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this condition falls into the Cfa category of the Köppen climate classification. In cases marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter, this condition falls into the Cwa category of the Köppen climate classification. Environmental systems with this condition usually occur on the eastern side of continents. humid subtropical A humid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has hot, humid summers, warm to cool dry winters, and average annual precipitation either evenly distributed throughout the year or marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics In cases where rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year, this condition falls into the Cfa category of the Köppen climate classification. In cases marked by a dry season or drying trend during winter, this condition falls into the Cwa category of the Köppen climate classification. Environmental systems with this condition usually occur on the eastern side of continents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics ENVO:01000378 An arid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has an annual average temperature near 18.2 degrees Celsius with their coldest month averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity. desert climate semi-desert climate semi-arid climate Mild variants are generally located in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. arid subtropical An arid subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which an environmental system has an annual average temperature near 18.2 degrees Celsius with their coldest month averaging between 2 and 13 degrees Celsius, the absence of regular rainfall, and high humidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics desert climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics semi-desert climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics semi-arid climate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics Mild variants are generally located in areas adjacent to powerful cold ocean currents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics ENVO:01000379 A highland subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which increased elevation results in mild summers, cooler winters, and, in some instances, snowfall associated with montly temperature averages below 22 but above -3 degrees Celsius. This is an interesting overlap of a latitudinal and altitudinal condition. Some link between this condition and the altitudinal conditions should be considered. This condition corresponds to the Cfb and Cwb categories of Köppen climate classification. highland subtropical A highland subtropical condition is a subtropical condition in which increased elevation results in mild summers, cooler winters, and, in some instances, snowfall associated with montly temperature averages below 22 but above -3 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropics ENVO:01000380 An oceanic temperate condition is a temperate condition which is strongly influenced by oceans and oceanic winds. Summers are cool and winters are cool, but not cold, and there is little frozen precipitation at lower elevations. This condition is typically present on the western coasts of large continental landmasses. oceanic temperate An oceanic temperate condition is a temperate condition which is strongly influenced by oceans and oceanic winds. Summers are cool and winters are cool, but not cold, and there is little frozen precipitation at lower elevations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_zone ENVO:01000381 A continental temperate condition is a temperate condition which is influenced by large land masses. Summers are warm to hot and winters are often long, cold, and snowy. continental temperate A continental temperate condition is a temperate condition which is influenced by large land masses. Summers are warm to hot and winters are often long, cold, and snowy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperate_zone ENVO:01000382 A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius This variant of the desert climate is somewhat rare outside of Asia. A cold desert climate is typically found in temperate zones, almost always in the rain shadow of high mountains which restrict precipitation from the westerly winds, or in the case of Central Asia, from the monsoon. The Gobi desert in Mongolia is a classic example of a region with a cold desert climate. Though hot in summer, it shares the very cold winters of the rest of Central Asia. The Kyzyl Kum and Taklamakan deserts of Central Asia and the drier portions of the Great Basin Desert of the western United States are other major examples of BWk climates. The Ladakh region, lying in the Great Himalayas in India also has a cold desert climate. cold desert A cold desert is a desert which has hot summers and cold, dry winters with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_climate#Cold_desert_climates ENVO:01000383 An evergreen needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate evergreen needleleaf forest ENVO:01000384 A tropical moist broadleaf forest which is subject to high rainfall, is located in a lowland area, and is dominated by plants which retain their leaves throughout the year. rain forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical lowland evergreen broadleaf rain forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 ENVO:01000385 A deciduous broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous broadleaf forest ENVO:01000386 A deciduous needleleaf forest which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate deciduous needleleaf forest ENVO:01000387 A tropical broadleaf forest which comprises tree communities dominated by deciduous species. rain forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Deciduous / semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical deciduous broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 ENVO:01000388 A tropical broadleaf forest which has a mixed composition of deciduous and evergreen trees, with deciduous trees predominating. rain forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Deciduous / semi-deciduous broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical deciduous broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical semi-deciduous broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 ENVO:01000389 A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed broadleaf forest ENVO:01000390 A temperate mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Temperate Mixed broadleaf / needleleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "temperate mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. temperate mixed needleleaf forest ENVO:01000391 A tropical moist broadleaf forest which has a mixed composition of deciduous and evergreen trees, with evergreen trees predominating. rain forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical semi-evergreen moist broadleaf forest rain forest http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6949 ENVO:01000392 A high-elevation forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter upper montane climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical upper montane forest ENVO:01000393 A high-elevation forest which is located in a region subject to tropical climate patterns modulated by sufficient elevation to encounter lower montane climatic patterns. tropical lower montane forest ENVO:01000394 A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical freshwater swamp forest ENVO:01000395 A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate sclerophyllous dry forest ENVO:01000396 A sclerophyllous forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical sclerophyllous dry forest ENVO:01000397 A broadleaf evergreen forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). temperate broadleaf evergreen forest ENVO:01000398 A freshwater swamp forest which is subject to temperate climate patterns. This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). It is currently unclear how to relate forests and swamps. temperate freshwater swamp forest ENVO:01000399 A needleleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate patterns. coniferous forest This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical needleleaf forest ENVO:01000400 This class is one of the forest types as identified by the updated Global Forest Map (GFM 2000). tropical thorn forest ENVO:01000401 A tropical mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with needle-like leaves (e.g. conifers). coniferous forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed broadleaf forest" class can be made. tropical mixed needleleaf forest ENVO:01000402 A tropical mixed forest which has communities of trees composed primarily of species with broad leaves. This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. tropical mixed broadleaf forest ENVO:01000403 tropical mangrove forest This class corresponds to the "Tropical Mixed needleleaf / broadleaf forest" category of the updated Global Forest Map classification (GFM 2000). To reconstruct the original class, an aggregate class with this and the "tropical mixed needleleaf forest" class can be made. The relationship between this "forest" class and the mangrove swamp must be clarified. tropical mangrove ENVO:01000404 OBSOLETE A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. This term has been replaced by "synthetic plastic" as part of a more coherent set of classes as part of the SDG14.1.1 project (see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/projects/17) obsolete manufactured plastic true OBSOLETE A (portion of) plastic is an (portion of) anthropogenic environmental material including any of numerous organic synthetic or processed materials which are primarily composed of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers of high molecular weight. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plastic ENVO:01000405 A portion of respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. PM10 respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01000406 Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. snow Snow is an environmental material which is primarily composed of flakes of crystalline water ice. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/7769 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow ENVO:01000407 An aquatic environment which is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. The adjacency of water has many consequences including the generation of microclimates and impacts on the biology. This class is intended to capture littoral zones that are associated with marine, freshwater, and any other aquatic environments. Note that there is no single definition of the extent of the "littoral zone", associated with any water body. Here, we use definitions that will be more familiar to marine biologists rather than military organisations, although the latter can be added on request. This class will likely be superceded by a CMECs compliant class. littoral zone An aquatic environment which is the part of a sea, lake, or river that is close to the shore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone ENVO:01000408 A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein. environmental area Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition. environmental zone ENVO:01000409 A freshwater littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends offshore from the shore of a freshwater body of water to the limit of occupancy of rooted plants. fringing wetland The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Chapter 2. freshwater littoral zone A freshwater littoral zone is a littoral zone which extends offshore from the shore of a freshwater body of water to the limit of occupancy of rooted plants. URL:http://www.epa.gov/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone The littoral zone may form a narrow or broad fringing wetland, with extensive areas of aquatic plants sorted by their tolerance to different water depths. Typically, four zones are recognized, from higher to lower on the shore: wooded wetland, wet meadow, marsh and aquatic vegetation. Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Chapter 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone ENVO:01000410 The eulittoral zone extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. The wave action and turbulence of recurring tides shapes and reforms cliffs, gaps, and caves, offering a huge range of habitats for sedentary organisms. foreshore intertidal zone mediolittoral zone midlittoral zone marine eulittoral zone The eulittoral zone extends from the spring high tide line, which is rarely inundated, to the spring low tide line, which is rarely not inundated. The wave action and turbulence of recurring tides shapes and reforms cliffs, gaps, and caves, offering a huge range of habitats for sedentary organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone foreshore https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone mediolittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone midlittoral zone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone ENVO:01000411 A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. infralittoral zone A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by algae. This zone usually extends up to five metres below the low water mark. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littoral_zone ENVO:01000412 A zone which is part of the sublittoral zone and is dominated by sessile animals such as oysters. This zone usually begins at a depth greater than the infralittoral zone. circalittoral zone ENVO:01000413 A whole plant which is relatively old old plant ENVO:01000414 A whole plant which is relatively young. young plant ENVO:01000415 A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. PM2.5 fine respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01000416 A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. Regulations do not exist for this size class of ambient air pollution particles, which are far smaller than the regulated PM10 and PM2.5 particle classes and are believed to have several more aggressive health implications than those classes of larger particulates. ultrafine respirable suspended particulate matter A portion of fine respirable suspended particulate matter is a form of particulate matter composed primarily of solid particles each with a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrafine_particle ENVO:01000417 A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. The provisioning of a dwelling-place can perhaps be modelled as a role. house A house is a building that provides a dwelling-place for a living entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House ENVO:01000418 A human house is a house which provides a dwelling-place for humans. human house ENVO:01000419 A garden that is associated with a human house. This association is generally one of spatial proximity or parthood. domestic garden ENVO:01000420 A building part is a construction which is part of a building. Not recommended for annotation. This class is likely to be made into an inferred class as its subclasses are distributed among more meaningful superclasses (i.e. ceiling is_a surface layer). See for example, "building floor". The boundaries between building parts may be bona fide or fiat. building part ENVO:01000421 An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Not a sublcass of room as this may just be part of some room. indoor kitchen An indoor kitchen is a room or part of a room primarily used for cooking or food preparation, but which may have other funcitons such as dining, food storage, dishwashing, or laundry. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen ENVO:01000422 A bathroom is a room which contains a washbasin or other fixture, such as a shower or bath, used for bathing by humans. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 bathing room toilet washroom bathroom ENVO:01000423 A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 living-room The logical definitions must state which social and leisure activities are included here. Jet-skiing and mass rallies are probably not the range. living room A living room is a room in a human house which is used for social and domestic leisure activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Living_room ENVO:01000424 A patio is a paved outdoor area, adjacent to a human house, and used for dining or recreation. patio A patio is a paved outdoor area, adjacent to a human house, and used for dining or recreation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio ENVO:01000425 An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 restroom toilet indoor lavatory lavatory toilet room bathroom restroom indoor toilet An indoor toilet is a room which contains a sanitation fixture used primarily for the disposal of human urine and faeces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet ENVO:01000426 A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 room A building part which is separated from other building parts by one or more interior walls and, optionally, outdoor areas by one or more exterior walls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room ENVO:01000427 A portion of carbon nanotube enriched soil is a portion of soil with elevated levels of carbon nanotubes. Logical definition will be created pending import of "carbon nanotube" from CHEBI carbon nanotube enriched soil ENVO:01000428 A rocky shore is an intertidal area of a seacoast where solid rock is the predominant substrate. rocky intertidal shore This label is usually used to refer to 'rocky intertidal shores', i.e. a marine environment. Other types of rocky shore should be requested explicitly. Additionally, "rocky" could be a quality, this would link this with rocky deserts etc. area of rocky shore A rocky shore is an intertidal area of a seacoast where solid rock is the predominant substrate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_shore ENVO:01000429 A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion Should be better defined logically aggregating 'hole' or 'tunnel' with some sort of relation to 'habitation' etc. burrow A burrow is a hole or tunnel excavated into the ground by an animal to create a space suitable for habitation, temporary refuge, or as a byproduct of locomotion https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrow ENVO:01000430 A forest biome which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. broadleaf forest ENVO:01000431 A forest ecosystem which contains densely packed populations or communities of broadleaf and coniferous trees, strongly limiting light penetration to the forest floor. The subclasses of this class need to be checked: are they properly placed under other classes or is this corrected and the dominant form of mixed vegetation noted in the label? A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. mixed forest ENVO:01000432 A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. swamp forest ENVO:01000433 coniferous forest A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. needleleaf forest ENVO:01000434 A forest ecosystem which is dominated by trees adapted to dry or arid environmental conditions. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. Definitions pending. sclerophyllous forest ENVO:01000435 A forest which is subject to montane or alpine environmental conditions. A class created to group GFM 2000 terms by the dominant vegetation type. high-elevation forest ENVO:01000436 Particulate environmental material in which small portions of solid material are surrounded by water. This class should be populated by inference, relying on 'composed primarily of', many 'pieces of solid material' and 'surrounded by' some 'water'. waterborne particulate matter ENVO:01000437 A lava field is an expanse of flat-lying lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or even hundreds of miles across the underlying terrain. lava area lava bed lava plain lava field A lava field is an expanse of flat-lying lava flows. Such features are generally composed of highly fluid basalt lava, and can extend for tens or even hundreds of miles across the underlying terrain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava bed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field lava plain https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_field ENVO:01000438 A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. lava flow A lava flow is a moving outpouring of lava, which is created during a non-explosive effusive eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava ENVO:01000439 A volcano which has been formed as a result of the eruption of andesitic lava. andesitic volcano A volcano which has been formed as a result of the eruption of andesitic lava. ENVO:01000440 A volcano which has been formed as a result of the eruption of dacitic lava. dacitic volcano ENVO:01000441 Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. In a general sense, it is the intermediate type between basalt and dacite, and ranges from 57 to 63 percent silicon dioxide as illustrated in TAS diagrams. The mineral assemblage is typically dominated by plagioclase plus pyroxene and/or hornblende. Magnetite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, biotite, and garnet are common accessory minerals. Alkali feldspar may be present in minor amounts. andesite Andesite is an extrusive igneous, volcanic rock, of intermediate composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andesite ENVO:01000442 Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. dacite Dacite is an igneous, volcanic rock. It has an aphanitic to porphyritic texture and is intermediate in composition between andesite and rhyolite. Dacite consists mostly of plagioclase feldspar with biotite, hornblende, and pyroxene (augite and/or enstatite). It has quartz as rounded, corroded phenocrysts, or as an element of the ground-mass. The plagioclase ranges from oligoclase to andesine and labradorite. Sanidine occurs, although in small proportions, in some dacites, and when abundant gives rise to rocks that form transitions to the rhyolites. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dacite ENVO:01000443 An accumulation of a salt, typically sodium chloride. salt mass ENVO:01000444 Lava which is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. Rapid solidification of this lava forms dacite. dacitic lava Lava which is high in silica and low in alkali metal oxides. ENVO:01000445 An ecosystem which has been subject to a perturbation, that is, the ecosystem has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation. This is often used by plant collectors when early successional species are observed in an area. disturbed ecosystem An ecosystem which has been subject to a perturbation, that is, the ecosystem has undergone a pronounced change in response to a change in environmental conditions or other perturbation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disturbance_(ecology) ENVO:01000446 A ravine is a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water. ravine A ravine is a small, narrow, steep-sided valley that is larger than a gully and smaller than a canyon and that is usually worn by running water. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ravine ENVO:01000447 An environmental zone of varying area which is adjacent to a road. roadside ENVO:01000448 A grassland which contains a mixture of tall and short grasses. mixed grassland mixed grassland A grassland which contains a mixture of tall and short grasses. http://worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/na0810 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_and_Southern_mixed_grasslands https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_mixed_grasslands ENVO:01000449 A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated with water for part or all of the growing season. Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar. Wet meadows may occur because of restricted drainage or the receipt of large amounts of water from rain or melted snow. They may also occur in riparian zones and around the shores of large lakes. Unlike a marsh or swamp, a wet meadow does not have standing water present except for brief to moderate periods during the growing season. Instead, the ground in a wet meadow fluctuates between brief periods of inundation and longer periods of saturation. Wet meadows often have large numbers of wetland plant species, which frequently survive as buried seeds during dry periods, and then regenerate after flooding. Wet meadows therefore do not usually support aquatic life such as fish. They typically have a high diversity of plant species, and may attract large numbers of birds, small mammals and insects including butterflies. wet meadow ecosystem A wet meadow is a type of wetland with soils that are saturated with water for part or all of the growing season. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow Debate exists whether a wet meadow is a type of marsh or a completely separate type of wetland. Wet prairies and wet savannas are hydrologically similar. Wet meadows may occur because of restricted drainage or the receipt of large amounts of water from rain or melted snow. They may also occur in riparian zones and around the shores of large lakes. Unlike a marsh or swamp, a wet meadow does not have standing water present except for brief to moderate periods during the growing season. Instead, the ground in a wet meadow fluctuates between brief periods of inundation and longer periods of saturation. Wet meadows often have large numbers of wetland plant species, which frequently survive as buried seeds during dry periods, and then regenerate after flooding. Wet meadows therefore do not usually support aquatic life such as fish. They typically have a high diversity of plant species, and may attract large numbers of birds, small mammals and insects including butterflies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet_meadow ENVO:01000450 A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. namakier salt fountain salt glacier A mass of salt which has erupted onto a planetary surface, usually through sedimentary rock. Adapted from URL:http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=86861 ENVO:01000451 Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an environmental material composed of carbon dioxide in its gaseous form present in an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This could also be considered a part of an environmental material like air. atmospheric carbon dioxide ENVO:01000452 A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class and its subclasses are experimental and are being developed with NCEAS use cases in mind. environmental disposition ENVO:01000453 The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store carbon. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 carbon pooling disposition ENVO:01000454 The disposition of an environment to sequester carbon dioxide, subsequently storing the carbon component thereof. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 carbon dioxide pooling disposition ENVO:01000455 The disposition of an environmental system to sequester and store some material entity. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 material pooling disposition ENVO:01000456 A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete masonry unit A concrete masonry unit is a large, rectangular masonry unit primarily composed of concrete. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_masonry_unit ENVO:01000457 A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 masonry unit A masonry unit is a solid piece of material, usually with a regular shape, used as a component in the construction of buildings. Masonry units are usually composed of brick, stone, marble, granite, travertine, limestone, cast stone, concrete block, glass block, stucco, tile, or cob. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry ENVO:01000458 Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Missing the class for "aggregate" - tricky to define what it is, exactly. Again, seems more like some sort of material/disposition hybrid. concrete Concrete is a composite material composed of an aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete ENVO:01000459 Asphaltic concrete is a concrete which uses refined asphalt as a cement. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asphaltic concrete road pavement asphalt concrete Asphaltic concrete is a concrete which uses refined asphalt as a cement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete ENVO:01000460 Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. asphaltum bitumen crude bitumen pitch tar This class refers to naturally-occuring asphalt or bitumen. asphalt Asphalt also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt ENVO:01000461 Refined asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid with a boiling point above 500 degrees Celsius, obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 refined bitumen refined asphalt Refined asphalt is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid with a boiling point above 500 degrees Celsius, obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asphalt ENVO:01000462 Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement "Cement" refers more to a disposition than a specific material. masonry cement Masonry cement is a substance used in construction that has the disposition to set and harden and thus may be used to bind materials together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement ENVO:01000463 Hydraulic cement is a masonry cement which contains activated aluminium silicates or pozzolans, such as fly ash, allowing it to set in wet conditions or underwater. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 hydraulic cement Hydraulic cement is a masonry cement which contains activated aluminium silicates or pozzolans, such as fly ash, allowing it to set in wet conditions or underwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement ENVO:01000464 Non-hydraulic cement is a cement which sets by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air and will not set in wet conditions or underwater. It is susceptible to attack by aggresive chemicals after setting. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 non-hydraulic cement Non-hydraulic cement is a cement which sets by reacting with carbon dioxide in the air and will not set in wet conditions or underwater. It is susceptible to attack by aggresive chemicals after setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cement ENVO:01000465 Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. This is a building part and not the same as a standalone wall, which is a building in its own right. building wall Building walls are bulding parts which serve to support roofs, floors and ceilings; enclose a space as part of the building envelope; give buildings form; and to provide shelter and security. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall ENVO:01000466 A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. defensive wall This is not the same as a wall that is part of a building. use ENVO:01000420 for the latter. boundary wall A boundary wall is a constructed barrier which is usually opaque, constructed from masonry, and of greater structural strength than a fence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall#Boundary_wall ENVO:01000467 A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 barrier constructed barrier A constructed barrier is a freestanding wall, berm, or fence built to limit movement of entities across a boundary. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_barrier ENVO:01000468 A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 fence A fence is a constructed barrier which is generally of lighter construction than a wall and used to provide visual sectioning of spaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fence ENVO:01000469 An exterior wall is a building wall which separates the interior of a building from the buildings surrounding environment. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exterior wall ENVO:01000470 A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 building enclosure building envelope A building envelope is a building part composed of those building parts which physically separate the interior of a building from its surrounding environment. The building envelope provides resistance to air, water, heat, light, and noise transfer. The three basic elements of a building envelope are a weather barrier, air barrier, and thermal barrier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_envelope ENVO:01000471 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. ceiling A ceiling is an overhead interior surface that covers the upper limit of a room. It is not generally considered a structural element, but a finished surface concealing the underside of the floor or roof structure above. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling ENVO:01000472 A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 roof This class is meant to represent roofs which are parts of buildings, rather than a roofs of cave and other natural formations. building roof A roof is the covering on the uppermost part of a building which provides protection from animals and weather, notably rain, but also heat, wind and sunlight. A roof is also the framing or structure which supports the covering https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roof ENVO:01000473 Thatch is material composed of dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather. Some sort of logical definition towards: composed_primarily_of some ((straw or 'water reed' or rushes or sedge or heather) and has_quality dry) should be considered, where "rushes", "sedge", etc are represented as materials rather than some sort of taxon. thatch Thatch is material composed of dry vegetation such as straw, water reed, sedge (Cladium mariscus), rushes, or heather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatching ENVO:01000474 A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick material A portion of brick material is a material derived from a brick which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete that has been fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick ENVO:01000475 A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Generally used to refer to the masonry unit rather than a material. brick A brick is a masonry unit which is composed of kneaded clay-bearing soil, expanded clay aggregate, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick ENVO:01000476 Plaster is a building material which has the disposition to harden when it reacts with water, liberating heat through crystallization. Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a paste when used. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 render stucco plaster Plaster is a building material which has the disposition to harden when it reacts with water, liberating heat through crystallization. Plaster is manufactured as a dry powder and is mixed with water to form a paste when used. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster ENVO:01000477 Gypsum plaster is a plaster which is formed by partially dehydrating gypsum by heating it to approximately 150 degrees Celsius and grinding the product into a powder. Gypsum anhydride - formed by heating gypsum above 200 degrees Celsius - may also be used as plaster. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 plaster of Paris gypsum plaster Gypsum plaster is a plaster which is formed by partially dehydrating gypsum by heating it to approximately 150 degrees Celsius and grinding the product into a powder. Gypsum anhydride - formed by heating gypsum above 200 degrees Celsius - may also be used as plaster. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster ENVO:01000478 ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 cement render cement stucco cement plaster ENVO:01000479 Lime plaster is a plaster which is primarily composed of calcium hydroxide and an inert filler (such as sand). Coversion of the calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the air causes the plaster to set. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 lime render lime stucco slaked lime plaster lime plaster Lime plaster is a plaster which is primarily composed of calcium hydroxide and an inert filler (such as sand). Coversion of the calcium hydroxide to calcium carbonate through a reaction with carbon dioxide in the air causes the plaster to set. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster ENVO:01000480 Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class refers to all forms of glass. For the familiar form present in window panes and drinking glasses, consider silica-based glass. glass Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid which is often transparent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass ENVO:01000481 Silica-based glass is a glass composed primarily of silicon dioxide, the primary constituent of sand. glass Silica-based glasses are the most common manufactured variety of glass. silica-based glass ENVO:01000482 Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glass soda-lime-silica glass This type of glass constitutes 90% of manufactured glass. soda-lime glass Soda-lime glass is a silica-based glass which is composed of approximately 75% silicon dioxide, with sodium oxide and calcium oxide consituting most of its remaining composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass This type of glass constitutes 90% of manufactured glass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass ENVO:01000483 Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 plate glass sheet glass Most flat glass is soda-lime glass produced by the float glass process. It is more water soluble than container glass. flat glass Flat glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 73% silicon dioxide (silica), 14% sodium oxide, 9% calcium oxide, 4% magnesium oxide, 0.15% aluminium oxide, 0.03% potassium oxide, 0.02% titanum dioxide, and 0.01% iron III oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass ENVO:01000484 Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Container glass is less water soluble than flat glass. container glass Container glass is a soda-lime glass which is composed of approximately 74% silicon dioxide (silica), 13% sodium oxide, 10.5% calcium oxide, 1.3% aluminium oxide, 0.3% potassium oxide, 0.2% sulphur trioxide, 0.2% magnesium oxide, 0.04% iron III oxide, and 0.01% titanum dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soda-lime_glass ENVO:01000485 Quartz glass is a glass which is composed of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 fused quartz fused silica This is "pure" silica glass. As an ENVO:"environmental material" this class assumes that there remains some possibility that 'contaminants' being present. quartz glass Quartz glass is a glass which is composed of silica in amorphous (non-crystalline) form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fused_quartz ENVO:01000486 A building floor is a surface layer which is part of a building and used for walking. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 To be more precise, a subfloor and a floor covering may be specified. Please request these classes and propose definitions if they are needed. building floor ENVO:01000487 A brick building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of brick material or is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick floor brick building floor ENVO:01000488 A wooden building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of wood. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 wooden floor wooden parquet floor wooden building floor ENVO:01000489 A concrete building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of concrete ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete floor cement building floor cement floor At times, this is called a cement floor, although that is probably not accurate. concrete building floor ENVO:01000490 A sandy building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of sand. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sand floor sandy floor sandy building floor ENVO:01000491 A glass building floor is a building floor which is composed primarily of glass. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glass floor glass building floor ENVO:01000492 A dung building floor is a building floor which is composed primarily of dried animal feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 dung floor dung building floor ENVO:01000493 A stone building floor is a building floor that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 rock floor stone floor stone building floor ENVO:01000494 A thatched exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of thatch. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 thatch wall thatched wall thatch exterior wall thatched exterior wall ENVO:01000495 A stone exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 stone wall stone exterior wall ENVO:01000496 A straw exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of straw. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 straw wall straw exterior wall ENVO:01000497 A mud exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of mud. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mud wall mud exterior wall ENVO:01000498 A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This was created in response to a user request, but it is an odd class in that it specifies a shape rather than a particular material entity. It may, therefore, be deprecated when more meaningful or sensible alternatives become apparent. pole A solid, cylindrical object or column with its length greater than its diameter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole ENVO:01000499 A pole-reinforced mud exterior wall is a mud exterior wall which is supported and reinforced by poles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mud and poles wall mud and poles exterior wall pole-reinforced mud exterior wall ENVO:01000500 A brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall brick exterior wall ENVO:01000501 A burnt brick is a brick which has been dried at an elvated temperature in a kiln, furnace, or with similar technology . ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 burnt brick ENVO:01000502 An unburnt brick is a brick which has been air dried rather than dried at an elvated temperature in a kiln, furnace, or with similar technology . ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 unburnt brick ENVO:01000503 A burnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from burnt bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 burnt-brick wall burnt brick exterior wall burnt-brick exterior wall ENVO:01000504 An unburnt brick exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from unburnt bricks. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 brick wall unburnt brick exterior wall unburnt-brick exterior wall ENVO:01000505 A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir. salt dome A dome-shaped mass of salt formed when a thick bed of evaporite minerals (mainly salt, or halite) found at depth intrudes vertically into surrounding rock strata, forming a diapir. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_dome ENVO:01000506 A concrete exterior wall is an exterior wall that is composed primarily of concrete. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 concrete wall concrete exterior wall ENVO:01000507 An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 iron sheet An iron sheet is a mass of iron which has been forged into a roughly planar form of less than 6 millimetres in thickness. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_metal ENVO:01000508 salt material ENVO:01000509 A sheet-iron exterior wall is an exterior wall that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron wall sheet-iron wall iron sheet wall sheet-iron exterior wall ENVO:01000510 A sheet-iron building roof is a building roof that is built from sheets of iron. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 sheet iron roof sheet-iron roof iron sheet building roof sheet-iron building roof ENVO:01000511 A thatched building roof is a building roof that is built by thatching (or out of thatch). ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 thatch roof thatched roof thatched building roof ENVO:01000512 A wooden building roof is a building roof that is built from wood. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 wood roof wooden roof wooden building roof ENVO:01000513 An asbestos building roof is a building roof that is built from asbestos. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 asbestos roof asbestos exists in CHEBI and will be imported to complete this class' logical def. asbestos building roof ENVO:01000514 A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tile ENVO:01000515 A tile building roof is a building roof that is built using tiles. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 tile roof tiled roof tile building roof tiled building roof ENVO:01000516 A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet "disposal" may not be the most precise way to describe fill-in latrines. Note that no assertion is made on whether these fixtures are in- or outdoors. toilet fixture A fixture which is used primarily for the collection and, in some cases, disposal of human urine and feces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet ENVO:01000517 A pit latrine is a latrine which is constructed by digging a hole in the ground. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 pit toilet This class refers to human latrines. Note that some pit latrines can use pour-flush mechanisms. "Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.[4][5] Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.[3]" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine pit latrine A pit latrine is a latrine which is constructed by digging a hole in the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine ENVO:01000518 A diapir is a type of geologic intrusion in which a more mobile and ductily deformable material is forced into brittle overlying rocks due to its higher buoyancy. Unclear whether this should be a subclass of intrusion, as diapirism can actually cause fracturing. diapir ENVO:01000519 A latrine is a toilet which is of simple construction (relative to a flush or chemical toilet) and typically intended for communal use. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This class refers to human latrines. latrine A latrine is a toilet which is of simple construction (relative to a flush or chemical toilet) and typically intended for communal use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine ENVO:01000520 A latrine slab is a broad, flat, thick piece of solid material (typically stone or concrete) used as the floor of a latrine and which includes a hole through which excreta are deposited into a latrine pit. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 This could be moved to "surface layer" like other floors, although more thought has to be given to "floor": a role of a surface layer? "The hole in the slab should not be larger than 25 centimeters (9.8 inches) to prevent children falling in." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine latrine slab A latrine slab is a broad, flat, thick piece of solid material (typically stone or concrete) used as the floor of a latrine and which includes a hole through which excreta are deposited into a latrine pit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine ENVO:01000521 A batholith is an area of mostly continuous plutonic (igneous intrusive) rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers, formed in the planetary crust, and exposed by erosion. On Earth, Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite. The form of erosion should be further specified. batholith A batholith is an area of mostly continuous plutonic (igneous intrusive) rock that covers an area larger than 100 square kilometers, formed in the planetary crust, and exposed by erosion. On Earth, Batholiths are almost always made mostly of felsic or intermediate rock-types, such as granite, quartz monzonite, or diorite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batholith ENVO:01000522 A latrine pit is an artificial hole or cavity in the ground used to collect human excreta. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 A latrine pit is typically at least 3 metres (10 feet) deep and 1 metre (3.2 feet) across. latrine pit A latrine pit is an artificial hole or cavity in the ground used to collect human excreta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine ENVO:01000523 A pit latrine with a slab floor is a pit latrine which has a latrine slab as a floor. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 pit toilet This class refers to human latrines. "Infectious diarrhea resulted in about 0.7 million deaths in children under five years old in 2011 and 250 million lost school days.[4][5] Pit latrines are the lowest cost method of separating feces from people.[3]" - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine pit latrine with slab floor A pit latrine with a slab floor is a pit latrine which has a latrine slab as a floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine ENVO:01000524 An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a pit latrine or a dry toilet. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 earth closet latrine covering latrine shelter dunny privy "Outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers not to a toilet but to outbuildings in a general sense." outhouse An outhouse is a small structure, separate from a main building, which covers a pit latrine or a dry toilet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outhouse "Outside North America, the term "outhouse" refers not to a toilet but to outbuildings in a general sense." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outhouse ENVO:01000525 An intrusion which is primarily composed of rock which has been formed within a pre-existing fracture in a larger mass of rock. While some intrusions are still located in the fracture where they formed, others may be (partially) exposed by erosional processes. rock intrusion ENVO:01000526 A rock intrusion which is composed primarily of sedimentary rock. Subclasses of this class will be created by inference. sedimentary intrusion ENVO:01000527 A toilet fixture which uses water to flush liquid and solid excreta into a sewage containment or processing facility through a drainpipe. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 flush toilet toilet bog comfort room dunny head john lavatory loo pot the heads water closet flush toilet fixture A toilet fixture which uses water to flush liquid and solid excreta into a sewage containment or processing facility through a drainpipe. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet ENVO:01000528 A toilet fixture which uses little to no water; excreta is removed manually or composted in situ. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 dry toilet Subclasses will probably be filled in by inference. dry toilet fixture A toilet fixture which uses little to no water; excreta is removed manually or composted in situ. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet ENVO:01000529 A chemical toilet fixture is a toilet fixture which uses chemicals to deodorise and treat excreta which is stored in the fixture. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 chemical toilet "In the past, disinfection was generally carried out by mixing formaldehyde, bleach or similar chemicals with the toilet water when flushed...[F]ormaldehyde is very irritating to the eyes, ears, skin, nose, and throat, it is being replaced by other proprietary blends such as glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compounds, with non-staining dyes and nature-identical perfume oils. Additionally, enzyme hybrids are sometimes used." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_toilet chemical toilet fixture A chemical toilet fixture is a toilet fixture which uses chemicals to deodorise and treat excreta which is stored in the fixture. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_toilet ENVO:01000530 A ventilated improved pit latrine is a pit latrine which includes a vent pipe fitted to the pit with a flyscreen covering the pipe's outlet. Air currents moving across the outlet of the vent pipe create a vaccum which draws odors out of the latrine's superstructure. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ventilated pit latrine VIP latrine ventilated improved pit latrine A ventilated improved pit latrine is a pit latrine which includes a vent pipe fitted to the pit with a flyscreen covering the pipe's outlet. Air currents moving across the outlet of the vent pipe create a vaccum which draws odors out of the latrine's superstructure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine ENVO:01000531 A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered latrine A covered latrine is a building which comprises a latrine sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine ENVO:01000532 A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered pit latrine A covered pit latrine is a building which comprises a pit latrine sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine ENVO:01000533 A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 covered pit latrine with slab floor A covered pit latrine with slab is a building which comprises a pit latrine with a slab floor sheltered by an outhouse. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latrine ENVO:01000534 A flush toilet fixture into which water is manually poured to dispose of excreta. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 flush toilet toilet pour flush toilet fixture bog comfort room dunny head john lavatory loo pot the heads water closet pour-flush toilet fixture A flush toilet fixture into which water is manually poured to dispose of excreta. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toilet ENVO:01000535 A pit latrine which includes a water seal (U-trap or siphon) used over one or two offset pits instead of a plain hole or seat. Water is manually poured through the trap to flush excreta into the latrine pit. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 toilet bog dunny head pour-flush pit latrine A pit latrine which includes a water seal (U-trap or siphon) used over one or two offset pits instead of a plain hole or seat. Water is manually poured through the trap to flush excreta into the latrine pit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pit_latrine ENVO:01000536 A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 manufactory manufacturing plant factory A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial site, usually consisting of buildings and machinery, or more commonly a complex having several buildings, where workers manufacture goods or operate machines processing one product into another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory ENVO:01000537 Atmospheric ozone is an environmental material primarily composed of ozone in its gaseous form and present in an atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone atmospheric ozone http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/632 ENVO:01000538 The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere which is sandwiched between the troposphere and mesosphere. Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the sun, only 3% is absorbed in the stratosphere, but that includes the vitally important process of absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratosphere is cloudless and dust free, and almost unaffected by the turbulent conditions of the underlying level of the atmosphere. (Source: WRIGHT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8128 ENVO:01000539 The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 mesosphere The mesosphere is part of the earth's atmosphere which is between the stratosphere and the thermosphere in which temperature decreases with altitude to the atmosphere's absolute minimum http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mesosphere ENVO:01000540 The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Definition from GEMET - will be refined. troposphere The lowest of the concentric layers of the atmosphere, occurring between the Earth's surface and the tropopause. It is the zone where atmospheric turbulence is at its greatest and where the bulk of the Earth's weather is generated. It contains almost all the water vapour and aerosols and three-quarters of the total gaseous mass of the atmosphere. Throughout the troposphere temperature decreases with height at a mean rate of 6.5°C/km and the whole zone is capped by either an inversion of temperature or an isothermal layer at the tropopause. (Source: WHIT) GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/8695 ENVO:01000541 The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height thermosphere The thermosphere is a part of the earth's atmosphere that begins at about 50 miles (80 kilometers) above the earth's surface, extends to outer space, and is characterized by steadily increasing temperature with height http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thermosphere ENVO:01000542 The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. ozone shield ozone layer "The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is only about 0.3 parts per million. The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi) above Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically"- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone layer The ozone layer is a layer of gases in the stratosphere which contains high concentrations of ozone gas relative to other parts of the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone shield https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_layer ozone layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/5993 ENVO:01000543 A layer that is part of the atmosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 atmospheric layering This could be made into an inferred class, rather than having asserted subclasses. atmospheric layer atmospheric layering GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/627 ENVO:01000544 A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 boundary layer boundary layer A boundary layer is a layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface where the effects of viscosity are significant enough to distort the surrounding non-viscous flow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_layer boundary layer http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/976 ENVO:01000545 The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere which extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the planetary surface and is ionised by solar radiation. It includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ionosphere ionosphere The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere which extends from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers above the planetary surface and is ionised by solar radiation. It includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionosphere ionosphere GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4492 ENVO:01000546 The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 exosphere The exosphere is an atmospheric layer where molecules are gravitationally bound to a planetary body, but where their density is too low for them to behave as a gas by colliding with each other. In the case of bodies with substantial atmospheres, such as Earth's atmosphere, the exosphere is the uppermost layer, where the atmosphere thins out and merges with interplanetary space. It is located directly above the thermosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere ENVO:01000547 A glaze ice layer is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice layer which coats some surface and which is formed when freezing rain or drizzle hits that surface. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 glaze glaze glaze ice glaze ice layer A glaze ice layer is a smooth, transparent and homogeneous ice layer which coats some surface and which is formed when freezing rain or drizzle hits that surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaze_ice glaze ice http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/12091 ENVO:01000548 A lake which has nutrient-rich water. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 eutrophic lake ENVO:01000549 mass of biological material ENVO:01000550 A composting toilet fixture is a dry toilet fixture in which managed, aerobic decomposition converts human excreta into organic matter suitable for the fertilisation or amendment of soils. composting toilet A composting toilet fixture is a dry toilet fixture in which managed, aerobic decomposition converts human excreta into organic matter suitable for the fertilisation or amendment of soils. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composting_toilet ENVO:01000551 A fuel oil which is 1) composed primarily of alkanes having between 5-15 carbon atoms with the general formula CnH2n+2, 2) is generally odorless or has only a slight odor, 3) produces only small amounts of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is highly refined. paraffin liquid paraffin paraffin oil A fuel oil which is 1) composed primarily of alkanes having between 5-15 carbon atoms with the general formula CnH2n+2, 2) is generally odorless or has only a slight odor, 3) produces only small amounts of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is highly refined. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-paraffin-and-kerosene/ ENVO:01000552 Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. natural gas Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, but commonly includes varying amounts of other higher alkanes and sometimes a usually lesser percentage of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and/or hydrogen sulfide. Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of buried plants and gases are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas ENVO:01000553 Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. LP gas LPG liquid petroleum gas liquified natural gas liquefied petroleum gas Liquified petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas ENVO:01000554 A gas that is primarily composed of hydrocarbon molecules. hydrocarbon gas ENVO:01000555 Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. compressed natural gas Compressed natural gas is a natural gas stored at high pressures, typically 20–25 Megapascals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas ENVO:01000556 Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. This is distinct from natural gas which is a fossil fuel product. biogas Biogas is a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen, is primarily composed of methane and carbon dioxide, and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulfide, water, and siloxanes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ENVO:01000557 Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel. LNG liquified natural gas liquefied natural gas Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the (volumetric) energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60 percent of that of diesel fuel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas ENVO:01000558 liquefied hydrocarbon gas ENVO:01000559 Compressed biogas is biogas stored at increased pressures. This is distinct from compressed natural gas, which refers to the compressed form of a fossil fuel. compressed biogas ENVO:01000560 Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. charcoal Charcoal is a light, black residue, consisting of carbon and any remaining ash, obtained by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances. Charcoal is usually produced by slow pyrolysis, the heating of wood or other substances in the absence of oxygen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal ENVO:01000561 A paraffin lamp is a type of lighting device which burns paraffin to generate light and heat. kerosene lamp paraffin lamp A paraffin lamp is a type of lighting device which burns paraffin to generate light and heat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000562 A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. flat wick lamp flat-wick lamp A flat-wick lamp is a simple type of paraffin lamp, which burns paraffin drawn up through a wick by capillary action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000563 A central-draught lamp is a paraffin lamp which burns a parrafin saturated, tubular wick contained between two structural tubes and supplied with oxygen by a central draught of air through the innermost of these tube. Argand lamp central draught lamp tubular round wick lamp central-draught lamp A central-draught lamp is a paraffin lamp which burns a parrafin saturated, tubular wick contained between two structural tubes and supplied with oxygen by a central draught of air through the innermost of these tube. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000564 A mantle lamp is a central-draught lamp which includes a pear-shaped, fabric mesh containing thorium or other rare-earth salts placed over the burner. On first use the fabric burns away and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. mantle lamp A mantle lamp is a central-draught lamp which includes a pear-shaped, fabric mesh containing thorium or other rare-earth salts placed over the burner. On first use the fabric burns away and the rare-earth salts are converted to oxides, leaving a very fragile structure which incandesces (glows brightly) upon exposure to the heat of the burner flame. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000565 A lantern is a portable device or mounted fixture comprising a light source protected by a translucent case. lantern A lantern is a portable device or mounted fixture comprising a light source protected by a translucent case. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantern ENVO:01000566 A lamp is an object which generates heat, light, or any other form of radiation. lamp A lamp is an object which generates heat, light, or any other form of radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp ENVO:01000567 A paraffin lantern is a lantern which houses a parrafin lamp in a structure of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings and glass or other translucent material. barn lantern hurricane lantern kerosene lantern paraffin lantern A paraffin lantern is a lantern which houses a parrafin lamp in a structure of soldered or crimped-together sheet metal stampings and glass or other translucent material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000568 A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. tubular paraffin lantern A tubular paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which includes metal tubes in its casing that direct air to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000569 A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. glass globe lantern dead flame paraffin lantern A dead-flame paraffin lantern is a paraffin lantern which has a wick housed in a glass globe with airflow channelled upwards by vents below the burning wick and an open chimney above it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000570 A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. hot-blast paraffin lantern A hot-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects hot air from the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000571 A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. cold-blast paraffin lantern A cold-blast paraffin lantern is a tubular paraffin lantern which collects cool air from around the top of the lantern globe and circulates it, through metal tubes, to the burning wick. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene_lantern ENVO:01000572 An electric lamp is a lamp which produces light from electricity. electric lamp ENVO:01000573 A battery-powered electric lamp is an electric lamp which draws its power from a device composed of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. battery-powered electric lamp A battery-powered electric lamp is an electric lamp which draws its power from a device composed of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamp_(electrical_component) ENVO:01000574 A candle is a lamp composed of a wax within which an ignitable wick is embedded. candle ENVO:01000575 A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. wax A wax is an environmental material which is primarily composed of lipids or other organic compounds that consist of long alkyl chains. Waxes are are malleable near ambient temperatures and melt at approximately 45 degrees Celsius. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax ENVO:01000576 An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. apiary An apiary is a place where beehives of honey bees are kept and maintained by beekeepers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiary ENVO:01000577 A device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information encoded in electromagnetic radiation through wave modulation. radio radio receiver radio transmitter radio device A device capable of receiving and/or transmitting information encoded in electromagnetic radiation through wave modulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio ENVO:01000578 A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. cassette deck cassette recorder cassette player A cassette deck is a device capable of playing and recording audio compact cassettes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact_Cassette ENVO:01000579 A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. television TV telly tube television set A television set is a device that combines a tuner, display, and loudspeakers for the purpose of converting digital or analog information signals into moving images and sound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_set ENVO:01000580 A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. phone telephone A telephone is a telecommunications device which converts sound into electronic signals suitable for transmission via cables or other transmission media, and reconverts such signals into sound waves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone ENVO:01000581 A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. cell phone cellular phone hand phone mobile phone A mobile phone is a telephone which transmits sound information to a mobile phone network via radio transmissions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone ENVO:01000582 A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. landline telephone A landline telephone is a telephone which is connected to a telephone network with wires through which electronic signals are carried. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone ENVO:01000583 A refrigerator is a device which consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanical, chemical, or electronic heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment such that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room fridge refrigerator A refrigerator is a device which consists of a thermally insulated compartment and a mechanical, chemical, or electronic heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its external environment such that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the ambient temperature of the room https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerator ENVO:01000584 A table is a form of furniture with a flat horizontal upper surface used to support objects, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. table A table is a form of furniture with a flat horizontal upper surface used to support objects, for storage, show, and/or manipulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) ENVO:01000585 A desk is a table which is intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics. The intentional nature of this definition is problematic, but the restricted range of activities visited upon a desk is of interest. desk A desk is a table which is intended for information-manipulation tasks, including writing and use of interactive electronics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_(furniture) ENVO:01000586 A chair is a piece of furniture with a raised surface commonly used to seat a single person. This class, along with benches, stools, and the like, can be grouped under "seating furniture" or similar. However, this is probably better as an inferred class using some sort of BFO:function in the subclass annotation. chair ENVO:01000587 A piece of furniture is a movable object intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). The assumption is that furniture is manufactured, which is arguable. Further, according to Black's Law Dictionary (http://thelawdictionary.org/furniture/) many classes can be subclasses of 'piece of furntiure': "This term includes that which furnishes, or with which anything is furnished or supplied; whatever must be supplied to a house, a room, or the like, to make it habitable, convenient, or agreeable; goods, vessels, utensils, and other appendages necessary or convenient for housekeeping; whatever is added to the interior of a house or apartment, for use or convenience. Bell v. Holding, 27 Ind. 173.The term “furniture” embraces everything about the house that has been usually enjoyed there, including plate, linen, china, and pictures. 1 Endicott v. Endicott, 41N. J. Eq. 96, 3 Atl. 157.The word “furniture” made use of in the disposition of the law. or in the conventions or acts of persons, comprehends only such furniture as is intended for use and ornament of apartments, but not libraries which happen to be there, nor plate. Civ.Code La. art. 477." However, this would eventually be absurd and limit other groupings. Perhaps some sort of 'furnishing' BFO:function would be a better way to handle this. piece of furniture A piece of furniture is a movable object intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools and sofas) and sleeping (e.g., beds). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniture ENVO:01000588 A sofa is a bench which is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions. couch settee sofa A sofa is a bench which is partially or entirely upholstered, and often fitted with springs and tailored cushions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couch ENVO:01000589 A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. bench A bench is a piece of furniture, on which several people may sit at the same time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bench ENVO:01000590 A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. mattress A mattress is a mass of material which is able to cushion and support a reclining body and is used as or on a bed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mattress ENVO:01000591 A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy. bedstead bed frame A bed frame is a piece of furniture which is used to position a mattress and bed base and may include a means of supporting a canopy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_frame ENVO:01000592 A bed base is a piece of furniture which supports a mattress. bed foundation bed base ENVO:01000593 A framed bed is a piece of furniture which is composed of a mattress supported by a bed base and held in place by a bed frame. framed bed A framed bed is a piece of furniture which is composed of a mattress supported by a bed base and held in place by a bed frame. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed ENVO:01000594 A cabinet is a roughly cuboidal piece of furniture which is used to store miscellaneous items in compartments accessible through doors or drawers. cabinet A cabinet is a roughly cuboidal piece of furniture which is used to store miscellaneous items in compartments accessible through doors or drawers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinetry ENVO:01000595 A cupboard is a cabinet which is used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and to protect them from dust and dirt closet cupboard A cupboard is a cabinet which is used indoors to store household objects such as food, crockery, textiles and liquor, and to protect them from dust and dirt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupboard ENVO:01000596 A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time. timepiece clock A clock is an instrument which may indicate, keep, and/or co-ordinate time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock ENVO:01000597 A pressure lamp is a portable paraffin or oil lamp in which fuel is forced up into the mantle or burner by air pressure in the reservoir, which can be increased by pumping with a plunger. This may be a paraffin or an oil lamp. It can potentially be filled by inference if we can express that any lamp with pressurised fuel in the lamp reservoir is a pressure lamp. See Issue #228. pressure lamp ENVO:01000598 A spring through which fresh water flows. freshwater spring ENVO:01000599 river water ENVO:01000600 Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. rainwater Rainwater is liquid water which has precipitated in the form of droplets through the condensation of atmospheric water vapour. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain ENVO:01000601 A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. Subclasses will be added by inference. motor vehicle A motor vehicle is a vehicle which is propelled by an engine or motor and that does not operate on rails. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_vehicle ENVO:01000602 A truck is a motor vehicle which, as its primary funcion, transports cargo rather than human passangers. lorry truck A truck is a motor vehicle which, as its primary funcion, transports cargo rather than human passangers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truck ENVO:01000603 A water truck is a truck which transports water. water truck ENVO:01000604 A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. vehicle A vehicle is a mobile machine which transports people or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle ENVO:01000605 A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. car A car is a wheeled motor vehicle used primarily for the transportation of human passengers. Most definitions of the term specify that cars are designed to run primarily on roads, to have seating for one to eight people, to typically have four wheels, and to be constructed principally for the transport of people rather than goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car ENVO:01000606 A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. NB: "[A cart]...is different from a dray or wagon, which is a heavy transport vehicle with four wheels and typically two or more horses, or a carriage, which is used exclusively for transporting humans...Over time, the term "cart" has come to mean nearly any small conveyance, from shopping carts to golf carts, without regard to number of wheels, load carried, or means of propulsion." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart cart A cart is a vehicle which has two wheels and is designed to transport human passengers or cargo. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart ENVO:01000607 An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals. animal-drawn cart An animal-drawn cart is a cart which is attached to one or more working or draught animals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart ENVO:01000608 A boat is a watercraft of any size which is able to float or plane on water. Difficult to distinguish from "ships". Similar to mountains and hills. " In naval terms, a boat is a vessel small enough to be carried aboard another vessel (a ship). Another less restrictive definition is a vessel that can be lifted out of the water. Some definitions do not make a distinction in size, as bulk freighters 1,000 feet (300 m) long on the Great Lakes are called oreboats. For reasons of naval tradition, submarines are usually referred to as 'boats' rather than 'ships', regardless of their size and shape." - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boat boat ENVO:01000609 A motor boat is a boat which is propelled by a motor. motorised boat motorized boat motor boat ENVO:01000610 A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. engine motor A motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor ENVO:01000611 A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. bus A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus ENVO:01000612 A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. cab taxi Depth can be added with specifications of BFO:role for both the car and the human operator. taxicab A taxicab is a car which may be hired, along with its operator, to transport passengers between locations of their choosing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxicab ENVO:01000613 A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. Ships, boats, hovercraft and submarines are all considered watercraft. The term would normally imply some propulsive capability (whether by sail, oar or engine) and hence is distinct from a simple device that merely floats, such as a log raft. - Wikipedia watercraft A watercraft is a vehicle which is able to travel on or through water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercraft ENVO:01000614 A bicycle is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. bike cycle bicycle A bicycle is a human-powered, pedal-driven, single-track vehicle, having two wheels attached to a frame, one behind the other. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle ENVO:01000615 A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. bike cycle moto motorbike motorcycle A motorcycle is a two- or three-wheeled motor vehicle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motorcycle ENVO:01000616 A scooter or motor scooter is a motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet. scooter motor scooter motorscooter A scooter or motor scooter is a motorcycle with step-through frame and a platform for the rider's feet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle) ENVO:01000617 A lentic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, has very little to no directed flow. lentic water body ENVO:01000618 A lotic water body is a water body in which the accumulated water, in its totality, is flowing. lotic water body ENVO:01000619 A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. This class refers to strictly sealed enclosures such as Biosphere 2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere_2), rather than vivaria which allow matter exchange with external environmental systems. closed ecological system A closed ecological system is a vivarium which does not rely on matter exchange with any part outside the system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_ecological_system ENVO:01000620 A mesocosm is a vivarium that is embedded within a natural environment and is used to place a relatively small part of that environment under experimental control for the purposes of scientific investigation. mesocosm A mesocosm is a vivarium that is embedded within a natural environment and is used to place a relatively small part of that environment under experimental control for the purposes of scientific investigation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocosm ENVO:01000621 A microcosm is a vivarium within which a simple ecosystem is artificially established and used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. microcosm A microcosm is a vivarium within which a simple ecosystem is artificially established and used to simulate and predict the behaviour of natural ecosystems under controlled conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcosm ENVO:01000622 A material transformation process during which a liquid material transitions into a gas phase. vaporization Note that a vapor describes an element or compound in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point, vapourisation ENVO:01000623 Boiling is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. boiling Boiling is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a liquid is heated to a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted on the liquid by the surrounding environmental pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling ENVO:01000624 Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. condensation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the condensed material (e.g. water droplets, window fog) hydrological condensation process Hydrological condensation is a process in which atmospheric water vapour undergoes a phase transition from the gas phase to the liquid phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation ENVO:01000625 A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. cage manufactured cage A manufactured structure made of interspaced structural elements such as metal or wooden bars or wires held together such that they may be used to confine, contain, or protect something. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(enclosure) ENVO:01000626 A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. drylot A drylot is an enclosure of limited size usually bare of vegetation and used for fattening livestock. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/drylot ENVO:01000627 A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market feedlot A feedlot is a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feedlot ENVO:01000628 Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. duff leaf litter litterfall soil litter tree litter plant litter Leaf litter is dead plant material, such as leaves, bark, needles, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_litter ENVO:01000629 The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. Definition vebatim from GEMET. Will need to be refined. Further, distinction between "climate change" and (one or many) "climate change process" will need to be discussed. Fluctuations are not processes, per se. climate change The long-term fluctuations in temperature, precipitation, wind, and all other aspects of the Earth's climate. External processes, such as solar-irradiance variations, variations of the Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, precession, and inclination), lithosphere motions, and volcanic activity, are factors in climatic variation. Internal variations of the climate system, e.g., changes in the abundance of greenhouse gases, also may produce fluctuations of sufficient magnitude and variability to explain observed climate change through the feedback processes interrelating the components of the climate system. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/1471 ENVO:01000630 Acidification of an aquatic environment is a process whereby the pH of an aquatic environment, biome, or water body is lowered. acidification of an aquatic environment ENVO:01000631 Ocean acidification is a process during which the pH of a sea or ocean is lowered. LTER:962 On Earth, the major cause of ocean acidification is the update of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ocean acidification LTER:962 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=962&/ocean-acidification ENVO:01000632 A chonolith is an igneous rock intrusion of irregular shape with a demonstrable base, absent in other types of irregularly-shaped intrusions. chonolith A chonolith is an igneous rock intrusion of irregular shape with a demonstrable base, absent in other types of irregularly-shaped intrusions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chonolith ENVO:01000633 A process which consists of all aerobic respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 ecosystem-wide aerobic respiration ENVO:01000634 A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. volcanic eruption A volcanic eruption is a process during which lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic bombs and blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a volcanic vent or fissure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_volcanic_eruptions ENVO:01000635 A landmass which is part of a planet. land ground planetary landmass A landmass which is part of a planet. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface ENVO:01000636 A liquid planetary surface is a planetary surface layer where a liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. liquid planetary surface A liquid planetary surface is a planetary surface layer where a liquid material of a planet comes into contact with atmosphere or outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface ENVO:01000637 Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. space outer space Outer space is a hard vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, neutrinos, dust and cosmic rays that exists between celestial bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_space ENVO:01000638 A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. crust This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's crust would be an instance. planetary crust A planetary crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet or natural satellite, which is chemically distinct from the underlying mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) ENVO:01000639 A planetary structural layer is laminar part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. Planetary layers have differing physicochemical properties and composition. Label should be improved to match definition. planetary structural layer ENVO:01000640 A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. mantle This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's mantle would be an instance. planetary mantle A planetary mantle is a planetary layer which is an interior part of a terrestrial planet or other rocky body large enough to have differentiation by density. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology) ENVO:01000641 A planetary core is the innermost structural layer or layers of a planet. The core may be entirely liquid, entirely solid, or have both liquid and solid parts. core "Not to be confused with planetary core in the core accretion theory, referring to a central accretionary body surrounded by a halo of dust and gas which serves to trap debris and increase the rate of accretion.." WIkipedia:Planetary_core. This class is meant to be applicable accross planets. Earth's core would be an instance. The "layer" aspect of cores may be problematic. planetary core A planetary core is the innermost structural layer or layers of a planet. The core may be entirely liquid, entirely solid, or have both liquid and solid parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_core ENVO:01000642 Needs a general definition that holds for Earth as well as other planets. outer planetary core ENVO:01000643 Needs a general definition that holds for Earth as well as other planets. inner planetary core ENVO:01000644 A liquid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid planetary core ENVO:01000645 A solid planetary core is a planetary core which is primarily composed of solid material. solid planetary core ENVO:01000646 A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. Earth's lithosphere includes the crust and uppermost mantle. lithosphere A lithosphere is the outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite that is defined by its rigid mechanical properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere ENVO:01000647 An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming. asthenosphere An asthenosphere is a layer of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite which is highly viscous, mechanically weak, and ductilely deforming. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asthenosphere ENVO:01000648 Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. magma Magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles, and solids that is found beneath the uppermost solid layer of a planetary body. Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magma ENVO:01000649 A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). EcoLexicon:trench SWEETRealm:Trench trench A trench is a type of excavation or depression in the ground that is generally deeper than it is wide (as opposed to a wider gully or ditch), and narrow compared to its length (as opposed to a simple hole). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trench ENVO:01000650 A channel of a watercourse which contains a stream. stream channel ENVO:01000651 An ocean strait is a strait which connects two oceans. ocean strait ENVO:01000652 A stream channel which contains a river. river channel ENVO:01000653 A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. slum A slum is a heavily populated urban informal settlement with substandard housing in which households lack any one of the following: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient-living area, durability of housing, or security of tenure. URL:http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/Metadata.aspx?IndicatorId=0&SeriesId=711 URL:http://www.communitascoalition.org/pdf/Communitas_SDSN_Indicators.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slum Definition linked to a UN Habitat report entitled "What are slums and why do they exist?" as well as sources from the MDGs and Communitas. ENVO:01000654 An undersea trough is a trough which is below a marine water body. FTT:1022 FTT:611 Geonames:U.DEPU SWEETRealm:Trough TGN:21512 ENVO deep foredeep swale undersea trough An undersea trough is a trough which is below a marine water body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trough_%28geology%29 deep ADL:FTT deep Geonames:feature deep USGS:SDTS foredeep USGS:SDTS swale USGS:SDTS ENVO:01000655 An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. explosive eruption An explosive eruption is a volcanic process in which pressurised magma is violently expelled and froths into volcanic ash. Explosive eruptions can eject a cloud of rocks, dust, gas, and pyroclastic material which may then collapse, creating a pyroclastic flow of hot volcanic matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_eruption ENVO:01000656 An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. effusive eruption An effusive eruption is a volcanic eruption during which lava flows onto the ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effusive_eruption ENVO:01000657 A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. igneous intrusion process A process whereby rising magma cools and solidifies without reaching the surface. Instead, the cooled and solidified igneous mass crystallises within the crust to form an igneous intrusion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism ENVO:01000658 A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants. See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. dense settlement ENVO:01000659 An igneous intrusion is a mass of rock and minerals formed when magma cools, solidifies, and undergoes fractional crystallisation without reaching the surface. Subclasses of this class will be created by inference. "Intrusion" can refer to the solidified mass or the molten rock. igneous intrusion An igneous intrusion is a mass of rock and minerals formed when magma cools, solidifies, and undergoes fractional crystallisation without reaching the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism ENVO:01000660 Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism. tephra Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size or emplacement mechanism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tephra ENVO:01000661 Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. tuff Tuff is a type of rock made of volcanic ash ejected from a vent during a volcanic eruption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuff ENVO:01000662 Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals. cinder Scoria differs from pumice in having larger vesicles, thicker vesicle walls and being dark colored and denser. scoria Scoria is a highly vesicular, dark colored volcanic rock that may or may not contain crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scoria ENVO:01000663 Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. Scoria differs from pumice in having larger vesicles, thicker vesicle walls and being dark colored and denser. pumice Pumice is a volcanic rock that consists of highly vesicular rough textured volcanic glass, which may or may not contain crystals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pumice ENVO:01000664 A cone that is composed of consolidated volcanic ash. tuff cone ENVO:01000665 A role that is realized in some process wherein the bearer is discarded or not utilized further. This definition is preliminary. waste role ENVO:01000666 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. open water NLCD:11 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of open water generally have less than 25% cover of vegetation or soil. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of open water An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000667 A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. fracture SWEETRealm:Fissure fissure geological fracture A geological fracture is any separation in a geologic formation, such as a joint or a fault that divides a mass of rock into two or more pieces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fracture_(geology) fissure Genomes:fissure ENVO:01000668 A geological fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock mass movement. fault The relationship between faults and active plate boundaries must be further developed, as there is some overlap. geological fault ENVO:01000669 An active fault is a fault that is likely to become the source of another earthquake sometime in the future. Geologists commonly consider faults to be active if there has been movement observed or evidence of seismic activity during the last 10,000 years. active fault active geological fault ENVO:01000670 A vein is a geological fracture which is filled with minerals precipitated out of an aqueous solution. vein ENVO:01000671 A sheet of rock that formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body. dyke dike A sheet of rock that formed in a fracture in a pre-existing rock body. Adpated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dike_(geology) ENVO:01000672 A joint is a geological fracture which has no measureable shear displacement joint geological joint ENVO:01000673 A geological fracture across which shear displacement has occurred Sounds like this should be populated by inference. shear fracture ENVO:01000674 A microfracture is a small fracture which is found in a portion of solid material along which further fracturing tends to occur. Microfractures are considered imperfections which to pre-exist any fractures formed by the application of stress to a material. Griffith crack microfracture ENVO:01000675 A fiat part of an atmosphere which is defined as a vertical, three-dimensional pillar extending from a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere. Once defined, an atmospheric column can be used to quantify an atmospheric parameter such as pressure, ozone or precipitable water. atmospheric column A fiat part of an atmosphere which is defined as a vertical, three-dimensional pillar extending from a unit area on a planetary surface and bounded by the top of the atmosphere. https://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/glossary/atmospheric-column-2/ ENVO:01000676 Contaminated air is air which has sufficient concentrations of environmental pollutants such that it may adversely affect a given ecosystem. contaminated air ENVO:01000677 An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. quake temblor tremor Elastic strain, gravity, chemical reactions, or even the motion of massive bodies can produce earthquakes. earthquake An earthquake is a process during which energy is released in an astronomical body's crust, causing the displacement of crustal parts and the generation of seismic waves. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake ENVO:01000678 An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. tectonic earthquake An earthquake caused by the sudden release of energy accumulated in an astronomical body's crust, as the elastic strain placed on constituent rock masses causes them to fracture. URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology ENVO:01000679 A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. megathrust earthquake A megathrust earthquake is a tectonic earthquake which occurs at subduction zones at destructive plate boundaries (convergent boundaries). These interplate earthquakes are the planet's most powerful, with moment magnitudes that can exceed 9.0. Adapted from URL:http://www.britannica.com/science/earthquake-geology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthquake ENVO:01000680 A lake which has concentrations of environmental contaminants high enough to harm the ecosystems associated with it. polluted lake ENVO:01000681 A mineral material composed primarily of sodium chloride. This class is for material primarily composed of sodium chloride. For other pure chemical salts, consider a CHEBI class. Request new ENVO terms for environmental samples of other chemical salts. salt sodium chloride salt ENVO:01000682 A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. abrasion scouring glacial scouring glacial abrasion A glacial abrasion process is an erosional process during which debris in the basal ice scrapes along the bed, polishing and gouging the underlying rocks, similar to sandpaper on wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion ENVO:01000683 Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier. quarrying glacial quarrying glacial plucking Glacial plucking is an erosional process during which pieces of bedrock are cracked off due to the mechanical force of a moving glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion ENVO:01000684 Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. ice thrusting glacial ice thrusting Glacial ice thrusting is an erosional process during which a moving glacier which has frozen to its bed surges forward and moves large sheets of sediment frozen to the glacial mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion ENVO:01000685 A mass of water. water mass ENVO:01000686 A mass of marine water. marine water mass ENVO:01000687 A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. Used for both marine and lake coasts. The boundary of the coast is fuzzy and it overlaps both the water body and land in quesiton. Compared to 'shore' coast A coast is the area where land meets the sea, ocean, or lake. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast ENVO:01000688 The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features. Usually reserved for large lakes. lake coast The general region of indefinite width that extends from a lake inland to the first major change in terrain features. Adapted from USGS:SDTS ENVO:01000689 A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. seismic sea wave tidal wave tsunami A tsunami is a process during which a series of waves is generated in a water body, typically an ocean or large lake, by the displacement of a large volume of water. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations of underwater nuclear devices), landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami ENVO:01000690 Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. mass movement slope movement Of interest for future development: Some causes of mass wasting earthquakes, increased overburden from structures, increased soil moisture, reduction of roots holding the soil to bedrock, undercutting of the slope by excavation or erosion, weathering by frost heave, bioturbation, volcanic edifice over-steepening. Some processes that reduce mass wasting: Afforestation, Reforestation, Terracing steps on slopes (reduce angle of slope). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting. mass wasting Mass wasting is the geomorphic process by which solid environmental material such as soil, sand, regolith, and/or rock move downslope typically as a mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently affected by water and water content as in submarine environments and mudslides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting ENVO:01000691 A mass wasting flow during which snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. snowslide snowslip avalanche A mass wasting flow during which snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting ENVO:01000692 A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/4668 landslip landslide process A landslide is a process whereby a large mass of earth and rocks moves down a hill or a mountainside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting ENVO:01000693 rockfall ENVO:01000694 A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. subsidence geological subsidence A material transport process during which a geological surface shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea-level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidence ENVO:01000695 mudslide ENVO:01000696 A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. flow mass wasting flow A mass wasting flow is a form of mass wasting during which the moving materials behave similarly to a flowing fluid. Water, air and ice are often involved in enabling fluidlike motion of the material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting ENVO:01000697 A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. mud flow "Mudflows are often called mudslides, a term applied indiscriminately by the mass media to a variety of mass wasting events. Mudflows often start as slides, becoming flows as water is entrained along the flow path; such events are often called flow slides." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflow mudflow A mudflow is a form of mass wasting which involves very rapid to extremely rapid surging flow of debris that has become partially or fully liquified by the addition of significant amounts of water to clay-rich source material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudflow ENVO:01000698 A mass wasting flow during which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down the slopes of elevations, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors. debris flow A mass wasting flow during which water-laden masses of soil and fragmented rock rush down the slopes of elevations, funnel into stream channels, entrain objects in their paths, and form thick, muddy deposits on valley floors. ENVO:01000699 A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. lahar A lahar is a type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris, and water. The material flows down from a volcano, typically along a river valley. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahar ENVO:01000700 A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. sturzstrom A sturzstrom is a landslide consisting which has a great amount of kinetic energy resulting in greater horizontal movement when compared to its initial vertical drop — as much as 20 or 30 times the vertical distance. By contrast a normal landslide will typically travel a horizontal distance that is less than twice the distance that the material has fallen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturtzstrom ENVO:01000701 Volcanic ash is an environmental material which consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 millimetres in diameter. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and during transport in pyroclastic density currents. volcanic ash Volcanic ash is an environmental material which consists of fragments of pulverized rock, minerals, and volcanic glass, created during volcanic eruptions and measuring less than 2 millimetres in diameter. Volcanic ash is formed during explosive volcanic eruptions, phreatomagmatic eruptions and during transport in pyroclastic density currents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash ENVO:01000702 An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. ash fall process An ash fall process is a process in which volcanic ash formed during an explosive volcanic eruption, phreatomagmatic eruption, or during material transport in pyroclastic density currents is pulled towards the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanic_ash ENVO:01000703 Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. precipitation "process" is included in the label to make it clear that we are not referring to the precipitated material (e.g. snow, rain, sleet) hydrological precipitation process Hydrological precipitation is a process during which any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapour is pulled to the planetary surface by gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation ENVO:01000704 Hydrological evaporation is the evaporation of water, generally as part of a planetary water cycle. hydrological evaporation ENVO:01000705 Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. soil degradation Soil degradation is a process which results in a change in soil health status resulting in a diminished capacity of the ecosystem in which the soil occurs to provide goods and services for its beneficiaries. FAO:http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ ENVO:01000706 Soil erosion is a process in which exogenic processes remove soil from one location on the Earth's crust and transport it to another location where it is deposited. "Soil Erosion is a common term that is often confused with soil degradation as a whole, but in fact refers only to absolute soil losses in terms of topsoil and nutrients. This is indeed the most visible effect of soil degradation, but does not cover all of its aspects. Soil erosion is a natural process in mountainous areas, but is often made much worse by poor management practices." http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/soil-degradation-restoration/en/ soil erosion ENVO:01000707 Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. coastal flooding Coastal flooding is a process in which normally dry, low-lying land near a coast is flooded by sea water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_flood ENVO:01000708 Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. A disposition class such as 'flooding disposition' may be interesting, especially when attached to things like meanders and bends. riverine flooding Riverine flooding is a process in which the flow rate of river water exceeds the capacity of its channel, thus flooding neighbouring land. Bends and meanders in a river channel are particularly disposed to such flooding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Riverine ENVO:01000709 Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. Flash floods generally last no more than six hours. http://www.srh.noaa.gov/mrx/hydro/flooddef.php flash flooding Flash flooding is a process in which low-lying land is inundated with water for a short period of time and are usually the result of precipitation or a breach in the container of a water body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood ENVO:01000710 An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. flood An unusual accumulation of water above the ground caused by high tide, heavy rain, melting snow or rapid runoff from paved areas. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3298 ENVO:01000711 A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. coastal flood A coastal flood is a flood which is formed as a result of large amounts of water from marine water bodies or large lakes being transported to usually dry land by displacement processes such as high winds or seismic activity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Estuarine_and_coastal ENVO:01000712 A riverine flood is a flood which is formed as a result of a river's flow rate exceeding the capacity of its channel. riverine flood ENVO:01000713 A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. flash flood A flash flood is a flood formed by the rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas. It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm, hurricane, tropical storm, or meltwater from ice or snow flowing over ice sheets or snowfields. Flash floods may also occur after the collapse of a natural ice or debris dam, or a human structure such as a man-made dam. Flash floods are distinguished from a regular flood by a timescale of less than six hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_flood ENVO:01000714 A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. Needs links to weather when these phenomena are added. storm surge A storm surge is a coastal flood which is caused by low-pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge ENVO:01000715 A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. Ambiguity as to whether this label refers to the process or the material entities (the waves). The material entities are a type of severe storm surge. rissaga meteotsunami A meteotsunami is a tsunami caused by atmospheric processes and differences in air pressure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteotsunami rissaga Language: Catalan ENVO:01000716 A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. Should be linked to the relevant weather classes when these are created. storm surge process A storm surge process is a coastal flooding process which is caused by low pressure weather systems such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones, the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, and the timing of tides. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm_surge ENVO:01000717 Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. areal flooding Areal flooding is a flooding process in which flat or low-lying areas become inundated with water due to water input exceeding infiltration, evaporation, or run off. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Areal ENVO:01000718 Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. Relevant to built environments and can be linked to urban flows. Also relevant to water and sanitation SDGs. urban flooding Urban flooding is a flooding process in which land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, is inundated due to the rate of water input exceeding that of water drainage provided by the environment's drainage systems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood#Urban_flooding ENVO:01000719 Snowmelt is a hydrological melting process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. The assertion that the output is freshwater seems reasonable; however, this can certianly be changed if a counter example is provided. snowmelt Snowmelt is a hydrological melting process in which water is produced by the melting of snow and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmelt ENVO:01000720 A melting process during which water-based ice, snow, or other solid phase water transitions into a liquid phase. Here, we've nexted melting within thawing as one approach to resolve the semantics of thawing of ice-free materials. Expert group revision is requried. hydrological melting process ENVO:01000721 Icemelt is a hydrological melthing process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. The assertion that the output is freshwater seems reasonable; however, this can certianly be changed if a counter example is provided. ice melt icemelt Icemelt is a hydrological melthing process in which water is produced by the melting of ice and becomes part of the hydrological surface runoff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater ENVO:01000722 Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. meltwater Meltwater is the water released by the melting of snow or ice, including glacial ice, tabular icebergs and ice shelves over oceans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltwater ENVO:01000723 Melting is a material transformation process which results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. could replace with http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/REX_0000177 melting process fusion Note that melting need not be due to warming, thus the classes are separated. melting Melting is a material transformation process which results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting ENVO:01000724 Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. condensation process Condensation is a process during which a gas undergoes a phase transition into a liquid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensation ENVO:01000725 Chemical precipitation is a process in which a portion of some solid substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. Segregation may occur due to the solubility limits of the precipitating substance being exceeded or due to a chemical reaction that forms a solid product from aqueous reagents. chemical precipitation process Chemical precipitation is a process in which a portion of some solid substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. Segregation may occur due to the solubility limits of the precipitating substance being exceeded or due to a chemical reaction that forms a solid product from aqueous reagents. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_(chemistry) ENVO:01000726 Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. deposition desublimation process Desublimation is a process in which a portion of some gas undergoes a phase transition into a portion of some solid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(phase_transition) ENVO:01000727 A material transformation process during which a solid material transitions into a gas phase. sublimation process A material transformation process during which a solid material transitions into a gas phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublimation_(phase_transition) ENVO:01000728 A tectonic uplift process is a geomorphologic process in which a geological surface shifts upward relative to a datum such as sea-level due to forces other than isostatic responses to unloading. tectonic uplift process A tectonic uplift process is a geomorphologic process in which a geological surface shifts upward relative to a datum such as sea-level due to forces other than isostatic responses to unloading. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tectonic_uplift ENVO:01000729 A material transport process during which a mass of air moves through an atmosphere towards a planetary surface. This process usually refers to large-scale air motion, rather than local winds. atmospheric subsidence A material transport process during which a mass of air moves through an atmosphere towards a planetary surface. ENVO:01000730 A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. lava flow process A process in which a volume of lava emitted during an effusive eruption moves along a solid surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava ENVO:01000731 A mass of igneous rock formed when hot magma flows out (extrudes) onto a planetary surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. igneous extrusion A mass of igneous rock formed when hot magma flows out (extrudes) onto a planetary surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrusive ENVO:01000732 A dike formed when sediment fills a pre-existing fracture in a mass of rock. clastic dyke clastic dike ENVO:01000733 A stock is a discordant igneous intrusion having a surface exposure of less than 100 square kilometres. Stocks differ from batholiths only in being smaller. Some assertion to indicate that stocks are smaller than batholiths should be made. stock ENVO:01000734 A sheet intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base. laccolith A sheet intrusion (or concordant pluton) that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock. The pressure of the magma is high enough that the overlying strata are forced upward, giving the laccolith a dome or mushroom-like form with a generally planar base. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laccolith ENVO:01000735 A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. lopolith A large igneous intrusion which is lenticular in shape with a depressed central region. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopolith ENVO:01000736 A phacolith is an intrusion parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a typically lens-shaped intrusion that occupies either the crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline. phacolith A phacolith is an intrusion parallel to the bedding plane or foliation of folded country rock. More specifically, it is a typically lens-shaped intrusion that occupies either the crest of an anticline or the trough of a syncline. Adapated from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacolith ENVO:01000737 A tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. concordant intrusive sheet sill A tabular sheet intrusion that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sill_(geology) ENVO:01000738 A process whereby the precursors of rock, such as magma or sedimentary particles, fill a fracture in a mass of rock. rock-precursor intrusion process ENVO:01000739 An environmental system which can sustain and allow the growth of an ecological population. EcoLexicon:habitat LTER:238 SWEETRealm:Habitat A habitat's specificity to an ecological population differentiates it from other environment classes. See Buttigieg et al. (2016; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-016-0097-6) for an explanation of ENVO's treatement of habitats. 3,849 of such habitat classes are available here: https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo-habitats habitat ENVO:01000740 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class covers part of the NLCD "Perennial Ice/Snow" class. area of perennial water ice An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000741 A process during which materials deemed as waste are separated and converted into a form which can be used as input by the same processes which generated them. Recycling-Prozess proceso de reciclaje processo di riciclo 資源回收 This has been created for SDGIO. Revision is likely, but the general meaning should be stable. The frame of reference for determining what is 'waste' and what is a 'resource' is unclear. waste recycling process A process during which materials deemed as waste are separated and converted into a form which can be used as input by the same processes which generated them. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=2260 ENVO:01000742 A carbon emission process is any environmental process which outputs a carbon-bearing gas. carbon emission process Requested for SDGIO. Likely to be revised. carbon-bearing gas emission process ENVO:01000743 A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This looks like an aggregate class, subsuming a range of processes which can lead to degradation. These anthropogenic ecosystems may include urban or other built-up settlements or anthropogenic ecosystems used for activities such as forestry or agriculture. land consumption process A process in which natural ecosystems present over an expanse of land are removed and replaced with anthropogenic ecosystems. Adapted from EEA (1997) The concept of environmental space, Copenhagen, URL: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/92-9167-078-2/at_download/file ENVO:01000744 A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/264 for discussion. This definition needs a lot of clean up and links to household and related classes must be made to form logical definitions for inference to work. Subclasses will be added by inference. human dwelling A self-contained constructed feature used by one or more households as a home, such as a house, apartment, mobile home, houseboat or other 'substantial' structure. A dwelling typically includes nearby outbuildings, sheds etc. within the curtilage of the property, excluding any 'open fields beyond'. It has significance in relation to search and seizure, conveyancing of real property, burglary, trespass, and land use planning. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwelling accessed 11/25/2015 ENVO:01000745 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar This class covers part of the NLCD "Perennial Ice/Snow" class. area of perennial snow An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000746 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. envoPolar perennial ice/snow NLCD:12 According to the NLCD 2011, these areas are characterised by ice and/or snow cover generally greater than 25% of total cover. The definition of perennial needs clarification. area of perennial ice or snow An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of snow or water ice, present throughout multiple years, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000747 A solid layer which is composed primarily of loose, heterogeneous, superficial material covering solid rock. The various parts of the regolith are highly variable. Perhaps some sort of "unconsolidated" quality should be used here with "environmental material" to cover this scope. Note that organisms, their parts, or their derivatives are also included. Regolith typically includes dust, soil, broken rock, and similar materials, but can be highly variable. regolith A solid layer which is composed primarily of loose, heterogeneous, superficial material covering solid rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regolith ENVO:01000748 A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. This is an Earth-centred class, but can be generalised to include other planetary bodies. On Earth, all continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. continental crust A layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) On Earth, all continental crust ultimately derives from the fractional differentiation of oceanic crust over many eons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_crust ENVO:01000749 Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. oceanic crust Oceanic crust is the uppermost layer of the oceanic portion of a tectonic plate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_(geology) ENVO:01000750 The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, indicating a change in composition. This is and Earth-centred definition, but can likely be applied to other differentiated planetary bodies. Moho Mohorovičić discontinuity Mohorovicic discontinuity The Mohorovicic discontinuity, usually referred to as the Moho, is the boundary between the Earth's crust and the mantle, indicating a change in composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohorovi%C4%8Di%C4%87_discontinuity ENVO:01000751 A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. bedrock A lithified mass of rock that lies under the loose softer material (regolith) at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrock ENVO:01000752 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. The range of entities that are considered "barren land" are not exhaustive, making axiomatisation risky at this stage. Barren Land (Rock/Sand/Clay) NLCD:31 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of barren land generally have less than 15% cover of vegetation. A specific threshold is not asserted in this definition. area of barren land An area of a planet's surface which is primarily composed of bedrock, desert pavement, scarp rock, talus, material exposed by slides, volcanic material, glacial debris, sand, material exposed during strip mining, gravel, and other accumulations of earthen material in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000753 A temperature that inheres in some portion of air. Draft class. In discussion in Issue #278. ENVO:09200001 obsolete air temperature true A temperature that inheres in some portion of air. URL:https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/278 ENVO:01000754 A hollow tower of ice formed by the freezing of steam escaping a fumarole. ice chimney ice tower fumarole-derived ice tower ENVO:01000755 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of gaseous or aerosolised material held in shape by one or more environmental processes. This may not need to be in the atmosphere, also note that "meteor" will do much of the same work. Similar, in spirit, to landform. This class may need to be split into aerosols and 'pure' volumes of gas. aeroform ENVO:01000756 This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. FOODON:00001261 According to the FAO definition, vegetables grown principally for animal feed or seed should be separated from those grown for human consumption. They both, however, fall under the label "vegetable". obsolete vegetable true ENVO:01000757 This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. FOODON:00001262 obsolete fruit true ENVO:01000758 This class represents a somewhat arbitrary grouping of plant products which varies along various axes (socio-political, economic, cultural, etc). It's likely we'll need to create more informative subclasses and use synonomy to tie them together. The definition, too, requires greater refinement. FOODON:00001263 obsolete nut true ENVO:01000759 FOODON:00001264 obsolete legume true ENVO:01000760 A cloud is a visible mass of aerosolised liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in an atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. cloud mass On Earth clouds are formed by the saturation of air in the homosphere when air cools or gains water vapor. Please use the "water-based cloud" class and its subclasses for Earth's clouds. Note that this class describes clouds as countable objects, rather than 'cloud material'. It also refers only to clouds made up of a water-based material. cloud A cloud is a visible mass of aerosolised liquid droplets or frozen crystals suspended in an atmosphere above the surface of a planetary body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/introduction-and-principles-of-cloud-classification.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01000761 Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. This class should be linked to ozone layer depletion processes. nacreous cloud PSC polar stratospheric cloud Polar stratospheric clouds are clouds which form in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of 15,000–25,000 metres and which support chemical reactions that produce active chlorine and remove gaseous nitric acid, catalysing ozone destruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_stratospheric_cloud ENVO:01000762 A settlement with a low density of buildings and inhabitants. The thresholds for what makes a settlment "sparsely populated" can be determined as needed. These are usually "sparse" in relation to urban environments. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request. sparsely populated settlement ENVO:01000763 A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272. rural settlement A settlement which has lower population density than a town, city, or other urban environment and is primarily used for agricultural or pastoral activity. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rural_area ENVO:01000764 A settlement which has been established and is managed through officially sanctioned processes and is recognised as legal by a competent authority. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. formal settlement ENVO:01000765 A settlement which is not associated with or directed by official planning processes and which typically lacks municipal services and infrastructure such as sanitation, water services, and waste management services. Can a formerly formal settlement become an informal settlement? This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. Informal settlements need not be illegal. informal settlement ENVO:01000766 A settlement on land that the inhabitants have a legal claim to. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. legal settlement ENVO:01000767 A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. This is merely a defined class and should not have too many subclasses. illegal settlement A settlement on land that the inhabitants have no legal claim to or occupy illegally. http://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=1351 ENVO:01000768 Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) primary forest Forest which originally covered a region before changes in the environment brought about by people. (Source: PHC) http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6622 ENVO:01000769 A carbon emission process is any environmental process which releases carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere. Requested for SDGIO. This class may be revised in future once the offical definitions become more clear. carbon dioxide emission process ENVO:01000770 A volume of carbon dioxide gas emitted by a carbon dioxide emission process. This is a working definition for #280. Which processes will ultimately be included in the axioms is still open. carbon dioxide emission ENVO:01000771 A road which is usable across all seasons. all-season road permanent road Created for SDGIO, indicator 9.1.1. See #272. all season road A road which is usable across all seasons. http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/WorldStats/ADI-access-season-road-definition.html ENVO:01000772 An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272. rural area An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements. http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf ENVO:01000773 A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. This class may be split. "urban village" doesn't sit well and prevents relations to village biomes. village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand. Though often located in rural areas, the term urban village is also applied to certain urban neighbourhoods. Villages are normally permanent, with fixed dwellings; however, transient villages can occur. Further, the dwellings of a village are fairly close to one another, not scattered broadly over the landscape, as a dispersed settlement. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village ENVO:01000774 A lake which has nutrient-poor water. See issue #282 oligotrophic lake A lake which has nutrient-poor water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophic_state_index ENVO:01000775 A lake with medium nutrient levels, which allow moderate productivity. See Issue #281. What constitutes a "medium" nutrient level is subject to debate. The thresholds should be set either on a data level or through new subclasses. mesotrophic lake ENVO:01000776 A mass of solid material which is primarily composed of plastic. Plastikstück pedazo de plástico pezzo di plastica envoPlastics piece of plastic ENVO:01000777 A plastic pellet which is produced such that its size allows it to be rapidly melted and used as input for further downstream manufacturing processes. nurdle A plastic pellet which is produced such that its size allows it to be rapidly melted and used as input for further downstream manufacturing processes. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nurdle ENVO:01000778 An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. The narrow synonyms will be made into subclasses in their own right. important site Alliance for Zero Extinction Sites Ecologically and Biologically Significant Area IUCN Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Important Bird Area Important Mammal Area Important Plant Area Important Site for Freshwater Biodiversity Prime Butterfly Area Ramsar Sites The selection process which determines the whether an area is an important site must follow the best practice specifications and guidelines developed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), using globally standardised criteria and thresholds. Note that the label 'important site' is chosen to align with SDGIO. The definition is that of "key biodiversity area". key biodiversity area An environmental zone which contains, as determined by an officially mandated selection process, one or more ecosystems which include, as parts, ecological communities of global significance for conservation due to their vulnerability and irreplaceability. http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/iucnmed/iucn_med_programme/species/key_biodiversity_areas/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Biodiversity_Area ENVO:01000779 The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. infrastructure We label this as 'public infrastructure', as the OECD definition refers specifically to public constructed features. The parts of public infrastructure are not exhaustive and should be extended as needed. public infrastructure The system of public works in a country, state or region, including roads, utility lines and public buildings. https://stats.oecd.org/glossary/detail.asp?ID=4511 ENVO:01000780 A road which is publically accessible. This class is created for the SDGIO and the 'public infrastructure' class. The publically accessible attribute could be axiomatised. public road ENVO:01000781 A building which is publically accessible. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public building ENVO:01000782 A cable used to trasmit electricity from its point of production to its point of consumption. utility line ENVO:01000783 A utility line which services the public power grid. Created for SDGIO, we treat "public" as "publically accessible" where the semantics of access are dealt with in SDGIO. public utility line ENVO:01000784 A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. informal settlement Informal settlements may be urban or rural. illegal informal settlement A populated place where groups of housing units have been constructed on land that the occupants have no legal claim to, or occupy illegally, or where dwellings are not in compliance with current planning and building regulations. unstats.un.org/unsd/publication/SeriesF/SeriesF_67E.pdf ENVO:01000785 A planned process during which a portion of environmental material is removed from a material entity. Created for SDGIO and intended to be a more general form of resource extraction process. material extraction process ENVO:01000786 A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. Not to be confused with a flame - the visible portion of gas released by a fire . Oxidation processes such as rusting or biological digestion are not subsumed here. fire A fire is a process whereby rapid and exothermic oxidation of a material through a combustion process releases heat, light, and other products. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/3212 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire ENVO:01000787 A conflagration which is uncontrolled and combusts material in a vegetated area, be it rural or wild. wildland fire The definition of "wildland" or "wild" is ambiguous. wildfire ENVO:01000788 A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. blaze large fire conflagration A fire which occurs in a large spatial area poses a risk to human life, animal life, health, and/or property. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflagration ENVO:01000789 A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. flame A portion of gas which is emitted by a fire or other exothermic reaction, is of increased temperature, and typically emits light in the visible range. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flame ENVO:01000790 A flame which is produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel. hydrocarbon flame ENVO:01000791 A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel. forest fire A wildfire which occurs in a forest, primarily consuming vegetation as fuel. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary ENVO:01000792 A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. wind This class refers to all forms of "wind": from the familiar movement of air in the Earth's atmosphere to the solar wind. Use a subclass to be more precise. mass gaseous flow A process whereby a large volume of gas moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind ENVO:01000793 wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. atmospheric wind A mass gaseous flow which occurrs in a planet's atmosphere due to internal pressure disequilibria. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind ENVO:01000794 A stream of plasma primarily composed of electrons, protons, and alpha particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. Solar wind stellar wind A stream of plasma primarily composed of electrons, protons, and alpha particles ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind ENVO:01000795 A mass gaseous flow in which planetary atmospheric gases flow into outer space. atmospheric escape planetary wind ENVO:01000796 A process whereby a large volume of plasma moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. mass plasma flow ENVO:01000797 A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. This class is to be populated by inference. gas gaseous environmental material A material entity which is composed of one or more chemical entities and has neither independent shape nor volume but tends to expand indefinitely. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/gas ENVO:01000798 A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. An NTR for `quality of a plasma` has been posted on the PATO tracker: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/88 plasma A material entity which is composed of a volume of unbound positive and negative particles in roughly equal numbers, conducts electricity, and possesses internal magnetic fields. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/plasma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_%28physics%29 ENVO:01000799 An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. celestial body Astronomical bodies are usually cohesive, thus the use of the term 'object' sensu BFO 'object'. astronomical body An object which is naturally occuring, bound together by gravitational or electromagnetic forces, and surrounded by space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object ENVO:01000800 A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. Considerable debate on the definition of planet exists. planet A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet ENVO:01000801 An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. Add qualities such as spherical. Request NTRs if not available in PATO. star An astronomical object which is composed primarily of luminous plasma held in a spherical form by gravitational forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star ENVO:01000802 An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass. moon natural satellite At times, a moon is equated to a natural satellite, however, the latter class includes a broader range of entities. Here, we currently separate moons from other satellites. We can create a logical definition of satellite using an orbital process class. planetary moon An astronomical body which orbits a planet of comparatively greater mass. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/solarsystem/sats https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite ENVO:01000803 This class is hard to define and is sometimes treated as equivalent to 'minor planet'. asteroid ENVO:01000804 An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. celestial object If there is only one astronomical body involved, this class is equivalent to ENVO:01000799. This may be problematic with reasoning, but it seems to be true to the rather fuzzy definitions found thus far. astronomical object An object which is composed of one or more gravitationally bound structures that are associated with a position in space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_object ENVO:01000805 A group of gravitationally bound stars. There is a need to account for open star clusters which are not gravitationally bound. This would need a superclass other than 'astronomical object', as currently defined. globular star cluster A group of gravitationally bound stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_cluster ENVO:01000806 An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases nebula An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebula ENVO:01000807 A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. galaxy A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy ENVO:01000808 An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets. Considerable debate on this definition exists. dwarf planet An astronomical body which is in direct orbit of a star and is massive enough for its own gravity to compress it into a shape preserved by hydrostatic equilibrium (usually a spheroid), but which shares its orbit with other bodies, such as asteroids or comets. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/Dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet ENVO:01000809 A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. This definition is in need of revision - it relies on negation and seems to straddle class and instance level. The definitional space here is contested and quite inhomogeneous. "Before 2006, the IAU had officially used the term minor planet. During its 2006 meeting, the IAU reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSB). Objects are called dwarf planets if their self-gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used." minor planet A minor planet is an astronomical object in direct orbit around the Sun that is neither a planet nor exclusively classified as a comet. Minor planets can be dwarf planets, asteroids, trojans, centaurs, Kuiper belt objects, and other trans-Neptunian objects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet "Before 2006, the IAU had officially used the term minor planet. During its 2006 meeting, the IAU reclassified minor planets and comets into dwarf planets and small Solar System bodies (SSSB). Objects are called dwarf planets if their self-gravity is sufficient to achieve hydrostatic equilibrium and form an ellipsoidal shape. All other minor planets and comets are called small Solar System bodies. The IAU stated that the term minor planet may still be used, but the term small Solar System body will be preferred. However, for purposes of numbering and naming, the traditional distinction between minor planet and comet is still used." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_planet ENVO:01000810 An atmosphere which surrounds a planet. planetary atmosphere ENVO:01000811 A planetary atmosphere which is composted primarily of dinitrogen and dioxygen gas. An instance of this class would be Earth's atmosphere. nitrogen-oxygen planetary atmosphere ENVO:01000812 A desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. gibber reg saï serir desert pavement A desert surface covered with closely packed, interlocking angular or rounded rock fragments of pebble and cobble size. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_pavement ENVO:01000813 A material part of an astronomical body. Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension. Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts. This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed. Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information. astronomical body part ENVO:01000814 An environmental material which is in a solid state. This is a defined class: its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. solid environmental material ENVO:01000815 An environmental material which is in a liquid state. This is a defined class: most of its subclasses will not be asserted, but filled by inference. liquid environmental material ENVO:01000816 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. deciduous forest NLCD:41 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of deciduous forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that more than 75% of these trees should shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of deciduous forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees shed foliage simultaneously in response to seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000817 An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. Whether this class should be grouped with classes such as "hydrosphere" and "cryosphere" requires some discussion. The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. biosphere An astronomical body part which includes all the living entities within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body, as well as the non-living and dead entities with which they interact. http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Biosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosphere ENVO:01000818 A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. obsolete this term. Replace by new term for planetary cryosphere. ENVO:03000144 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. obsolete cryosphere true A cryosphere is that part of a planet which is primarily composed of water is in solid form. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryosphere ENVO:01000819 An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. hydrosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrosphere ENVO:01000820 An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. This is a very broad and, in practice, poorly defined term. Please consider using or requesting a more specific class. pedosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of soil, subject to soil formation processes, and found on the surface of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedosphere ENVO:01000821 An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. photosphere An astronomical body part which is composed of those parts of a star, distal from the star's core, from which light is radiated into space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosphere ENVO:01000822 A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light. photosphere In some literature, the term photosphere is used; however, this is more correctly reserved for a part of a star. planetary photic zone A planetary part which is exposed, at least periodically, to light. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155495 ENVO:01000823 An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. Somewhat awkward at the moment, see #314. illuminated biosphere part An astronomical body part which includes those parts of a biosphere that are, at least periodically, illuminated and in which photosynthesis may occur. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1155495 ENVO:01000824 A lake from which water constantly flows out of under almost all climatic circumstances, maintaining low concentrations of dissolved solid relative to endorheic lakes. open lake exorheic lake A lake from which water constantly flows out of under almost all climatic circumstances, maintaining low concentrations of dissolved solid relative to endorheic lakes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_and_closed_lakes ENVO:01000825 A part of a building roof which overhangs the face of a wall and, normally, projects beyond the side of a building. The primary function of the eaves is to keep rain water off the walls and to prevent the ingress of water at the junction where the roof meets the wall. The secondary function is to control solar penetration; the eaves overhang can be designed to adjust the building's solar heat gain to suit the local climate, the latitude and orientation of the building, refer to passive solar building design. The eaves overhang may also shelter openings to ventilate the roof space. eaves A part of a building roof which overhangs the face of a wall and, normally, projects beyond the side of a building. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eaves ENVO:01000826 Overhanging eaves where the rafters and underside of the roof are visible from below. open eaves Overhanging eaves where the rafters and underside of the roof are visible from below. ISBN:978-0-07-145237-3 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Open+eaves ENVO:01000827 Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding. closed eaves Eaves in which projecting roof members are not visible, being closed from view by boarding. ISBN:978-0-07-145237-3 http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Closed+eaves ENVO:01000828 Air which has increased levels of water vapour. humid air ENVO:01000829 Air which has a partial pressure of water vapour equal or near equal to its equilibrium vapor pressure at a given temperature. water-vapour-saturated air wet air "Near equal" is meant to reflect that there will be fluctuations around the equilibrium point. water vapour saturated air ENVO:01000830 A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. rain fall rainfall rain This is the process which typically happens on Earth. Other planets may have different liquids involved in the process. water-based rainfall A hydrological precipitation process in which atmospheric water vapour condenses to form droplets of liquid water massive enough to fall to a planetary surface due to the planet's gravity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain ENVO:01000831 A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. drop No attempt is made to differentiate between drops and droplets. This may be added, if requested. droplet A droplet is a small column of liquid, bounded completely or almost completely by free surfaces which maintains its shape due to the surface tension of the liquid. ENVO:01000832 A droplet formed by condensation of vapour in an atmosphere and which is sufficiently massive to overcome atmospheric resistance and fall to a planetary surface due to gravity. raindrop ENVO:01000833 A droplet of water A defined class which should be filled by inference. water droplet ENVO:01000834 raindrop This is the class intended for use when describing raindrops on Earth. These typically have a diamter of 0.1 to 9 millimetres. water raindrop ENVO:01000835 A droplet which is spherical in shape and suspended in an atmosphere, being of too small a mass to be pulled to a planetary surface by gravity. cloud droplet A droplet which is spherical in shape and suspended in an atmosphere, being of too small a mass to be pulled to a planetary surface by gravity. ENVO:01000836 A cloud droplet composed primarily of water. cloud drop cloud droplet water based cloud droplet water-based cloud droplet ENVO:01000837 A process in which precipitation falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before making contact with a planetary surface. virga A process in which precipitation falls from a cloud but evaporates or sublimes before making contact with a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain ENVO:01000838 Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass smoke Smoke is a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion or pyrolysis, together with the quantity of gas that is entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke ENVO:01000839 Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. This class may be surrendered to REX. Unlike the "combustion" class in the Chemical Methods Ontology, this class is not necessarily a planned process. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHMO_0001473 combustion process Combustion or burning is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combustion ENVO:01000840 A chemical decomposition (the separation of a single chemical compound into its two or more elemental parts or to simpler compounds) caused by heat. thermal decomposition thermolysis ENVO:01000841 A thermolysis process in which organic material is decomposed in the absence of oxygen. pyrolysis ENVO:01000842 A fog which is intermixed with smoke or other combustion products and their derivatives. smog ENVO:01000843 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. evergreen forest NLCD:42 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of evergreen forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that more than 75% of these trees should maintain their foliage despite seasonal change - the canopy is never without green foliage. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of evergreen forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the majority of trees maintain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000844 A visible mass of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the surface of an astronomical body. haar Fog is more opaque than mist, reducing visibility to under one kilometre. This class refers only to fog formed by materials primarily composed of water. "Fog can be considered a type of low-lying cloud and is heavily influenced by nearby bodies of water, topography, and wind conditions. In turn, fog has affected many human activities, such as shipping, travel, and warfare." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog fog A visible mass of cloud water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near the surface of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog ENVO:01000845 A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. This class refers to a portion of crystal and not an individual crystal. crystal A solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions, are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal ENVO:01000846 A crystal which is primarily composed of water ice. ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. water ice crystal Any one of a number of macroscopic, crystalline forms in which ice appears, including hexagonal columns, hexagonal platelets, dendritic crystals, ice needles, and combinations of these forms. The crystal lattice of ice is hexagonal in its symmetry under most atmospheric conditions. ENVO:01000847 A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. Add quality like filamentous from PATO frost beard ice wool hair ice A type of water ice that forms on dead wood with the assistance of the fungus Exidiopsis effusa and takes the shape of fine, silky hair. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_ice ENVO:01000848 A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. This may or may not be an anthropogenic environment, but its boundaries are maintained by human activity. Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. flower strip A vegetated area which includes a community of flowering plants that provide food for local pollinators. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. https://jappliedecologyblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/flower-strips-support-ecosystem-services-only-when-they-have-the-right-flowers/?platform=hootsuite ENVO:01000849 A flower strip which is present at the margins of cultivated fields. Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. flower-rich field margin strip A flower strip which is present at the margins of cultivated fields. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12605 Flower strips are often the last refuge organsims whose habitats have been replaced by croplands, urban areas, and othe anthropogenic environments. This has considerable consequences for pollination and other ecosystem services. https://jappliedecologyblog.wordpress.com/2016/02/09/flower-strips-support-ecosystem-services-only-when-they-have-the-right-flowers/?platform=hootsuite ENVO:01000850 A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules. Not sure if this should be a subclass of crystal. If it is removed, remember to assert that it is a solid. clathrate compound material clathrate crystal material This class is not to be confused with CHEBI's "clathrate". The latter refers to the pure substance, while this class refers to clathrates found in nature. "Traditionally, clathrate compounds are polymeric and completely envelop the guest molecule, but in modern usage clathrates also include host-guest complexes and inclusion compounds." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound clathrate material A material which is primarily composed of a substance arranged as a lattice which can trap or contain other molecules. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clathrate_compound ENVO:01000851 A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice. fire ice gas hydrate hydromethane methane hydrate methane ice natural gas hydrate methane clathrate A clathrate material in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane_clathrate ENVO:01000852 An environmental process in which coral expels the symbiotic algae living in its tissue as a result of stress, causing the coral to turn white. Add relations to coral organisms in NCBI taxonomy. orcid.org/0000-0001-8369-8114 coral bleaching coral bleaching process An environmental process in which coral expels the symbiotic algae living in its tissue as a result of stress, causing the coral to turn white. http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/coral_bleach.html ENVO:01000853 Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. A request from the Agronomy Ontology in Issue #345. marl Marl is a mass of calcium carbonate derived from mollusk shells and mixed with silt and clay. http://corn.agronomy.wisc.edu/Management/pdfs/a3671.pdf ENVO:01000854 A marine coral reef biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. tropical marine coral reef biome ENVO:01000855 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the trees are a mixture between those that lose and retain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. NLCD:43 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of mixed forest are dominated by trees generally greater than 5 meters tall, and making up more than 20% of total vegetation cover. The NLCD 2011 continues to state that neither deciduous or evergreen trees make up more than 75% of the total tree cover. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of mixed forest An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a forest in which the trees are a mixture between those that lose and retain their foliage despite seasonal change. The surfaces of this area (including the surface of the forest canopy) are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000856 A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a temperate climate. A component of the WWF Temperate Shelf and seas ecoregions grouping temperate marginal sea biome ENVO:01000857 A mediterranean sea biome which is subject to temperate climate patterns. temperate mediterranean sea biome ENVO:01000858 A marine biome which contains communities adapted to living in an environment determined by an upwelling process. marine upwelling biome ENVO:01000859 A marine upwelling biome which is subject to tropical climate patterns. tropical marine upwelling biome ENVO:01000860 A marine upwelling biome which is located in a region subject to temperate climate patterns. temperate marine upwelling biome ENVO:01000861 An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" dwarf scrub NLCD:51 area of subshrub According to the NLCD 2011, areas of dwarf scrub are dominated by shrubs less than 20 centimeters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This type is often co-associated with grasses, sedges, herbs, and non-vascular vegetation. The NLCD 2011 notes that this is intended as an Alaska only land cover. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of dwarf scrub An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by shrubs with ground-hugging stems or low growth habit, in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub ENVO:01000862 A turbulent surface layer of a water body maintained by strong currents setting over submerged ridges or shoals or by winds opposing a current. This should likely be a part of the surface layer rather than a subclass. overfall turbulent aquatic surface layer A turbulent surface layer of a water body maintained by strong currents setting over submerged ridges or shoals or by winds opposing a current. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overfall ENVO:01000863 A structure which is built into the container of a water body which allows water to flow out of the container when the volume of the water contained exceeds that of its cavity. overfall overflow structure A structure which is built into the container of a water body which allows water to flow out of the container when the volume of the water contained exceeds that of its cavity. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/overfall ENVO:01000864 A site at the terminus of a liquid conveyance conduit where the liquid carried is discharged into the sea or a river. overfall mouth of liquid discharge conduit A site at the terminus of a liquid conveyance conduit where the liquid carried is discharged into the sea or a river. http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/overfall ENVO:01000865 An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power. electric power system An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transfer and use electric power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power_system ENVO:01000866 A photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. photovoltaic system A photovoltaic system is a power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to change the electric current from DC to AC, as well as mounting, cabling and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system ENVO:01000867 A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. photovoltaic panel array solar panel array A group of solar panels, typically belonging to the same photovoltaic system, arranged to maximise interception of solar radiation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system ENVO:01000868 A solar panel array that is integrated into the power system of a human dwelling. domestic photovoltaic panel array domestic solar panel array ENVO:01000869 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" shrub/scrub NLCD:52 area of shrub According to the NLCD 2011, areas of scrub or shrub are dominated by shrubs; less than 5 meters tall with shrub canopy typically greater than 20% of total vegetation. This class includes true shrubs, young trees in an early successional stage or trees stunted from environmental conditions. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of scrub An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by a shrubs, young trees, or stunted trees.. The surfaces of this area are in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.014 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php As noted in Wikipedia: "Because the criteria are matters of degree rather than of kind, the definition of a subshrub is not sharply distinguishable from that of a shrub" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subshrub ENVO:01000870 A process in which a solid planetary surface is deformed. This is a class to be filled by inference. ground deformation process ENVO:01000871 A puddle is a small accumulation of water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. puddle This class refers only to puddles of water, see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/337 puddle of water A puddle is a small accumulation of water, on a surface. It can form either by pooling in a depression on the surface, or by surface tension upon a flat surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puddle ENVO:01000872 Ballast water is water contained in the ballast tanks of sea-going vessels. This definition could be improved, as ballast water is often used in more general ways, beyond the water contained in a ballast tank at any given time. For example, water which has just been released from a ballast tank is often still refered to as ballast water. ballast water Ballast water is water contained in the ballast tanks of sea-going vessels. http://www.nature.com/news/four-routes-to-better-maritime-governance-1.21051?WT.mc_id=TWT_NatureNews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_water_discharge_and_the_environment https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballast#Water_ballast ENVO:01000873 A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. Consider using http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000967 as a super-class ballast tank A ballast tank is a compartment within a boat, ship or other floating structure that holds water, which is used as ballast to provide stability for a vessel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_tank ENVO:01000874 A hydrological process during which hail stones fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is Earth-centric for the moment, other types of hail (methane etc) exist hail fall hailfall A hydrological process during which hail stones fall to the surface of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hail ENVO:01000875 A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. precipitation process A precipitation process is a process in which a portion of some substance segregates from a material in which that substance or its precursors were dissolved or suspended in and settles due to a force such as gravity or centrifugal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation_%28chemistry%29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precipitation ENVO:01000876 A storm is an environmental process in which an environmental system and the processes it participates in are strongly perturbed by external forcings. These forcings typically increase the rates of processes unfolding in the system, relative to their normal rates. The threshold of what constitutes "strong" perturbation is not defined here due to considerable semantic variation. If a specific threshold is required, please request a new term. storm ENVO:01000877 An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. atmospheric storm An atmospheric storm is a process in which a portion of an astronomical body's atmosphere is strongly perturbed from its prevaling weather. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm ENVO:01000878 An atmospheric storm which occurs in cumulonimbus clouds and during which lightning and thunder occur. electrical storm lightning storm Thunderstorms may or may not involve processes which result in strong winds, heavy rain, snow, sleet, hail, or other forms of precipitation. thunderstorm ENVO:01000879 An atmospheric storm during which intense rainfall occurs. rainstorm ENVO:01000880 An atmospheric storm during which intense hailfall occurs 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z hailstorm An atmospheric storm during which intense hailfall occurs ENVO:01000881 An atmospheric storm during which intense snowfall occurs. snowstorm ENVO:01000882 An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. Note it is a hazard, could perhaps later link to https://github.com/Vocamp/Hazard or https://github.com/Vocamp/Hazard/blob/master/concept-map/ModifiedHazardousSituation.png and https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/14 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z glaze event glaze storm ice storm silver storm silver thaw glaze event silver thaw Icestorms are associated with multiple hazards. Significant accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of 0.25 inch or 0.60 cm or more. Has synonyms silver storm, glaze storm. The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. icestorm An atmospheric storm during which freezing rain falls and accumulates as ice on exposed surfaces. Icestorms are associated with multiple hazards. Significant accumulations of ice pull down trees and utility lines resulting in loss of power and communication. These accumulations of ice make walking and driving extremely dangerous. Significant ice accumulations are usually accumulations of 0.25 inch or 0.60 cm or more. Has synonyms silver storm, glaze storm. The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as a storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. Hauer RJ, Dawson JO, Werner LP (2006) Trees and Ice Storms - The Development of Ice Storm-Resistant Urban Tree Populations (2 ed.). College of Natural Resources, University of Wisconsin–Stevens Point, and the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences and the Office of Continuing Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. http://web.extension.uiuc.edu/forestry/publications/pdf/urban_community_forestry/trees_and_ice_storms_2006.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_storm ENVO:01000883 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, open space NLCD:21 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed open space are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include large-lot single-family housing units, parks, golf courses. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover less than 20% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not asserted in this definition. area of developed open space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation planted for recreation, erosion control, or aesthetic purposes interspersed by constructed or manufactured objects and materials. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000884 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, low intensity NLCD:22 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under low intensity usage are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include collections of single-family housing units. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 20 - 49% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with low usage intensity An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation and by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering up to approximately half its extent. Such areas are used for low intensity purposes such as accommodating collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000885 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, medium intensity NLCD:23 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under medium intensity usage are dominated by vegetation such as lawn grasses and include collections of single-family housing units. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 50 - 79% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with medium usage intensity An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials covering from half to three-forths of its extent and by cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. Such areas are used for medium intensity purposes such as accommodating dense collections of single-family residential units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000886 An area of developed space used for high intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. This would be helped by more clear listings of entities included in this classification. However, the class is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. developed, high intensity NLCD:24 According to the NLCD 2011, areas of developed space under high intensity usage are dominated by constructed features where humans reside and work. Examples include apartment complexes, row houses and commercial/industrial facilities. Further, it is asserted that "impervious surfaces", most likely referring to concrete and related substances, cover between than 80 - 100% of the area. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of developed space with high usage intensity An area of developed space used for high intensity purposes such as accommodating dense and multi-occupant residential, commercial, and industrial units. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000887 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. sedge/herbaceous NLCD:72 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by sedge or forbs. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that land covered by sedge tundra and sedge tussock tundra are subsumed in this category. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of sedge- and forb-dominated herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by sedges or forbs, possibly interpersed with grasses or grass-like plants. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000888 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. grassland/herbaceous NLCD:71 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by grasslands or non-woody, herbaceous plants. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD description also notes that, while no "intensive" management such as tilling is performed in these areas, they may be used for grazing. area of gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by gramanoid or herbaceous vegetation and which is not subject to intensive management by humans. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000889 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. lichens NLCD:73 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by lichens. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of lichen-dominated vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by fruticose or foliose lichens and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000890 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. moss NLCD:74 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by mosses. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The original definition notes that this is intended as an "Alaska only" category. area of moss-dominated vegetation An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by mosses and which is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000891 An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. pasture/hay NLCD:81 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by pasturelands or hayfields. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD also notes that the crops are grown on a perennial cycle in these areas. area of pastureland or hayfields An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by planted grasses, legumes, or mixtures of grass and legumes and used for livestock grazing or the production of seed or hay crops. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000892 An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. cultivated crops NLCD:82 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by croplands or actively tilled land. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. The NLCD provides corn, soybeans, vegetables, tobacco, and cotton as examples of annual crops and the trees and vines in orchards and vineyards as examples of perennial woody crops. area of cropland An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered either by annual crops and perennial woody crops or by actively tilled land. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000893 An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. woody wetlands NLCD:90 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 20% of these areas are covered by forest or shrubland vegetation. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of woody wetland An area of a planet's surface which is partly covered by forest or shrubland vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000894 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. This class is in need of refinement, particularly in linking to other entities in the ontology. However, it is suitable for use in annotating remotely sensed land types. emergent herbaceous wetlands NLCD:95 According to the NLCD 2011, at least 80% of these areas are covered by herbaceous vegetation. Such thresholds - which are themselves fuzzy - are not strictly asserted in this definition. area of emergent herbaceous wetland An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by perennial herbaceous vegetation and where the underlying soil or substrate is periodically saturated with or covered by water. This area is in contact with an atmospheric column extending from the planetary boundary layer to the planet's exosphere with little to no physical obstruction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01000895 A hydrological process in which irregular aggregates of snow fall to the surface of an astronomical body. This is currently bound to water-based snow on Earth, may need revisions for interplanetary applications 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow fall snowfall ENVO:01000896 Water-based rainfall which freezes either 1) on impact with a surface to form a coating of clear ice (glaze) or 2) after percolating through surface layers. This term exists, we're revising the definition with ESIP semantic Harmonization group, delete the old one. Consider adding axioms like PATO:"decreased temperature" to this and other cold forms of precipitation, such that we can create a grouping class to be filled by inference (with hail, sleet, snow, freezing rain). Something like precipitation below the liquid-solid phase transition point of water. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z freezing rain freezing rain fall METAR:FZRA A surface temperature inversion is usually required. In such an inversion, the surface must have a temperature below freezing, while the temperature of the atmosphere where the precipitation forms is above freezing. Alternately, if the temperature of the ground surface and glazed objects is typically near or below freezing (0C or 32F), it is necessary that the water drops be supercooled before striking. Freezing rain can sometimes occur on surfaces exposed to the air (such as tree limbs) with air temperatures slightly above freezing in strong winds. Local evaporational cooling may result in freezing. Freezing rain frequently occurs, therefore, as a transient condition between the occurrence of rain and ice pellets (sleet). When encountered by an aircraft in flight, freezing rain can cause a dangerous accretion of clear icing. In aviation weather observations, this hydrometeor is encoded ZR by NOAA. freezing rainfall Water-based rainfall which freezes either 1) on impact with a surface to form a coating of clear ice (glaze) or 2) after percolating through surface layers. A surface temperature inversion is usually required. In such an inversion, the surface must have a temperature below freezing, while the temperature of the atmosphere where the precipitation forms is above freezing. Alternately, if the temperature of the ground surface and glazed objects is typically near or below freezing (0C or 32F), it is necessary that the water drops be supercooled before striking. Freezing rain can sometimes occur on surfaces exposed to the air (such as tree limbs) with air temperatures slightly above freezing in strong winds. Local evaporational cooling may result in freezing. Freezing rain frequently occurs, therefore, as a transient condition between the occurrence of rain and ice pellets (sleet). When encountered by an aircraft in flight, freezing rain can cause a dangerous accretion of clear icing. In aviation weather observations, this hydrometeor is encoded ZR by NOAA. ENVO:01000897 A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. This should probably be moved to an ontology of physical processes when one is created, and be imported back into ENVO. electrostatic discharge process A process during which a sudden flow of electricity occurs, often accompanied by a visible release of photons, between two electrically charged objects due to contact, an electrical short, or dielectric breakdown. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic_discharge ENVO:01000898 A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge. lightning atmospheric lightning A sudden electrostatic discharge which occurs during an electrical storm as differentially charged atmospheric entities equalise their charge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning ENVO:01000899 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between at least two clouds. CC lightning cloud-cloud lightning intercloud lightning ENVO:01000900 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud. IC lightning intracloud lightning ENVO:01000901 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs between a cloud and an object on a planetary surface, or a planetary surface itself. CG lightning cloud-ground lightning lightning strike ENVO:01000902 A lightning process during which electrostatic discharge occurs within a single cloud or between multiple clouds. lightning flash ENVO:01000903 A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours. boulbie buran purga The U.S. National Weather Service specifies sustained wind or frequent gusts of 16 m per second (30 kt or 35 mi per hour) or greater, accompanied by falling and/or blowing snow, frequently reducing visibility to less than 400 m (0.25 mi or 0.4 km) for 3 hours or longer. Earlier definitions also included a condition of low temperatures, on the order of -7C (20F) or lower, or -12C (10F) or lower (severe blizzard). The name originated in the United States but it is also used in other countries. In the Antarctic the name is given to violent autumnal winds off the ice cap. In southeastern France, the cold north wind with snow is termed blizzard (see also boulbie). Similar storms in Russian Asia are the buran and purga. In popular usage in the United States and in England, the term is often used for any heavy snowstorm accompanied by strong winds. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. blizzard A blizzard is a severe snowstorm during which snowfall is transported by strong winds, sustained for several hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard ENVO:01000904 A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours. This form of blizzard does not involve snowfall as the snow which is blown by the winds is already present on the ground. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. ground blizzard A ground blizzard is a storm during which snow which has settled on a planetary surface is resuspended in and transported through its atmosphere by strong winds, sustained for several hours. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard This form of blizzard does not involve snowfall as the snow which is blown by the winds is already present on the ground. To qualify a snowstorm as a blizzard, some sources require the windspeed to be at least 56 km/h and the duration of the storm to be at least three hours. We set no such hard boundaries in this definition, as this should be done with reference to local standards. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blizzard ENVO:01000905 A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. There are multiple subclasses possible for this term, including ponds managed by the traditional (extensive), improved traditional (semi-intensive), and intensive methods of cultivation. "Shrimp" is a common language term that may refer to multiple crustacean species, typically in the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiatamarine. These may be marine or freshwater organisms. shrimp pond A lentic water body which is used for the artificial culture of shrimp. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-7097 http://www.fao.org/3/contents/76b2641d-29e4-51b0-b9e5-6ca46beb0d9f/AC210E02.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_farming ENVO:01000906 A process during which humans rear animals or plants in bodies of water for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. aquatic farming In 1988, the FAO introduced a definition of aquaculture which reduces its confusion with capture fisheries: Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms, including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Farming implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to enhance production, such as regular stocking, feeding, protection from predators, etc. Farming also implies individual or corporate ownership of the stock being cultivated. For statistical purposes, aquatic organisms which are harvested by an individual or corporate body which has owned them throughout their rearing period contribute to aquaculture, while aquatic organisms which are exploitable by the public as a common property resources, with or without appropriate licences, are the harvest of fisheries. aquaculture process A process during which humans rear animals or plants in bodies of water for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01000907 An archeological site which contains holes humans had dug in the ground, or their remnants, for the purpose of storing and distributing food, drink, and both functional or ritualistic implements during communal eating and drinking. Feasting pits had a wide variety of social functions throughout time, which extended in scope from the single family group to multiple tribes or villages. feasting pit site An archeological site which contains holes humans had dug in the ground, or their remnants, for the purpose of storing and distributing food, drink, and both functional or ritualistic implements during communal eating and drinking. Pappa, M., Halstead, P., Kotsakis, K., & Urem-Kotsou, D. (2004). Evidence for large-scale feasting at Late Neolithic Makriyalos, N Greece. Food, cuisine and society in prehistoric Greece, 5, 16. Romero, D., & Lauzon, A. (2015). The Art of Feasting: Style and Identity in a Ritual Area at the Harris Site. In. In L. Ludeman (Ed.), Collected Papers from the 18th Biennial Mogollon Archaeology Conference (pp. 43-50). Las Cruces, New Mexico: Privately published by Lonnie Ludeman. ENVO:01000908 A river which is heated by geothermal processes such as heat exchange with lava or hydrothermal percolation. boiling river A key example is the Boiling River, or Shanay-timpishka, of the Peruvian Amazon. This river is of high cultural significance and is protected by the shaman of the small town Mayantuyacu, a secluded healing center. geothermally heated river A river which is heated by geothermal processes such as heat exchange with lava or hydrothermal percolation. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-boiling-river-of-the-amazon A key example is the Boiling River, or Shanay-timpishka, of the Peruvian Amazon. This river is of high cultural significance and is protected by the shaman of the small town Mayantuyacu, a secluded healing center. http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-boiling-river-of-the-amazon ENVO:01000909 A surface layer of a solid environmental material which is formed by the presence and activity of photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising it. biological crust biocrust A surface layer of a solid environmental material which is formed by the presence and activity of photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising it. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust ENVO:01000910 A biocrust which is formed by photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising the surface layer of a portion of arid soil. Through their successional dynamics, these communities reduce the soil surface's albedo, impart it with stability against erosion, modify its hydrology, and promote its fertility. biological soil crust cryptobiotic soil cryptogamic soil microbiotic soil microphytic soil soil biological crust Couradeau et al. (2016) assert that any albedo reductions associated with biocrust development are due largely to the accumulation of the microbial sunscreen, scytonemin. soil biocrust A biocrust which is formed by photosynthetic microbial assemblages colonising the surface layer of a portion of arid soil. Through their successional dynamics, these communities reduce the soil surface's albedo, impart it with stability against erosion, modify its hydrology, and promote its fertility. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust Couradeau et al. (2016) assert that any albedo reductions associated with biocrust development are due largely to the accumulation of the microbial sunscreen, scytonemin. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10373 ENVO:01000911 An electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. automated banking machine automatic teller machine automatic telling machine bankomat cash machine cashline cashpoint minibank automated teller machine An electronic telecommunications device that enables the customers of a financial institution to perform financial transactions, particularly cash withdrawal, without the need for a human cashier, clerk or bank teller. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00226-16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_teller_machine ENVO:01000912 A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation. CCN cloud seed cloud condensation nucleus A solid or liquid particle, usually 0.2 micrometers in diameter, on which water vapour condenses, seeding cloud formation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei ENVO:01000913 A process during which a solid particle or liquid droplet catalyses the condensation of water vapour in an atmosphere. cloud seeding process nucleation of cloud condensation A process during which a solid particle or liquid droplet catalyses the condensation of water vapour in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei ENVO:01000914 An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ablation zone ice ablation zone An environmental zone which overlaps a glacier or an ice sheet, and in which ice loss exceeds ice gain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone ENVO:01000915 A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size. Ice loss could likely become a defined class with some equivalence axioms linking it to processes, along the lines of: 'has part' some (icemelt or 'ice calving process' or 'water ice sublimation process'). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ice loss ice loss process A material decumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass decreases in size. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 http://physicalgeography.net/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone ENVO:01000916 A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity. Of interest to sustainable development goals, linking production and consumption to human health and environmental impacts. garbage landslide refuse landslide trash landslide "At least 48 people have been killed in a landslide at a vast rubbish dump on the outskirts of Ethiopia's capital Addis Ababa, officials say...Hundreds of people attempt to make a living by scavenging at the landfill site, sifting through the rubbish for items they can sell, the BBC's Emmanuel Igunza in Addis Ababa reports" BBC Africa reports rubbish landslide A mass wasting process during which refuse from human activities, usually accumulated at a dumping site, falls down a slope under the force of gravity. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39247381 ENVO:01000917 A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 calving ice calving process A process during which a part of an ice mass breaks away from the main mass. calving https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/conduit/upload/502/cf-standard-name-table_v13.txt ENVO:01000918 An animal house which is only partially surrounded by a building envelope. open animal house ENVO:01000919 An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial ice ablation process An ice loss process which occurs in the low-altitude area of a glacier or ice sheet below the firn layer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 ENVO:01000920 A sublimation process during which water ice transitions into a gaseous state. water ice sublimation process ENVO:01000921 An animal house which has a complete building envelope. closed animal house ENVO:01000922 A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. cage animal cage A manufactured cage which may be used to confine, contain, or protect an animal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cage_(enclosure) ENVO:01000923 A petting zoo is a zoological garden which contains domesticated non-human animals and some wild non-human animals that are docile enough for humans to touch and feed. petting farm children's zoo Petting zoos are often nested within a zoological garden featuring wild non-human animals, not docile enough for humans to touch. petting zoo A petting zoo is a zoological garden which contains domesticated non-human animals and some wild non-human animals that are docile enough for humans to touch and feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petting_zoo ENVO:01000924 An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. drain drainage channel plumbing drain An artificial channel which transports unwanted water or waste liquids away from their source, either to a more useful area, a receptacle, or into sewers or stormwater mains as waste discharge to be released or processed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_(plumbing) ENVO:01000925 A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. slaughter plant slaughterhouse butchery meat processing building abattoir A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse ENVO:01000926 A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed, but not for human consumption. knacker's yard Animals killed in knacker's yards are not fit for human consumption or can no longer be used to perform work. knackery A facility in which non-human animals are slaughtered and processed, but not for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaughterhouse ENVO:01000927 A building which is used to care for a human child during the working day by a person, outside the child's immediate family, other than that child's legal guardians. child care building daycare building This is a kind of day care facility. A facility need not be a building. day care building A building which is used to care for a human child during the working day by a person, outside the child's immediate family, other than that child's legal guardians. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day_care ENVO:01000928 A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. fish factory This is a kind of fish processing facility. Facilities need not be buildings, factory ships may be considered fish processing facilities. fish processing building A building in which fish are subject to a series of operations to prepare them for human consumption. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_factory ENVO:01000929 An environment determined by the presence of a mushroom. mushroom environment ENVO:01000930 An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. animal corridor green corridor habitat corridor wildlife corridor Ecological corridors may or may not provide habitats for the organisms which move through them. They serve to mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation by allowing genetic exchange between populations that would otherwise be separated by, e.g., human activity. ecological corridor An ecosystem which bridges two or more adjoining ecosystems and through which organisms may move or propagate. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/10510 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3756 ENVO:01000931 An ecological corridor through which organisms move during a migration process. Should be axiomatised with PCO's migration process once it is released. migration corridor migratory route This term refers to the ecosystem(s) the organisms traverse, rather than the spatial track they cover. The latter is better placed in a geospatial ontology. migration path ENVO:01000932 A building in which nursing aides and skilled nurses provide care and treatment to residents who have significant difficulty coping with the required activities of daily living. This class should be linked to SDGIO. intermediate care facility long-term care facility old people's home skilled nursing facility care home convalescent home rest home nursing home A building in which nursing aides and skilled nurses provide care and treatment to residents who have significant difficulty coping with the required activities of daily living. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursing_home_care ENVO:01000933 A human house which serves as a long-term shelter for its inhabitants and within which they store personal property. This is under "human house" due to the broad definition of "house". This term is not to be used for hotels, hostels, inns and the like, which provides shorter-term stays. residential building ENVO:01000934 A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. eatery restaurant A building within which food and drink are prepared and served to customers in exchange for money or other goods and/or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant ENVO:01000935 A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. This is a very ambiguous term with wide-ranging usage patterns across cultural groups and regions. camping ground camping pitch camping site campsite campground A part of an ecosystem which may be or has been used for one or more overnight stays by humans sheltering in tents, camper vans, caravans, or improvised shelters. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite ENVO:01000936 A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. dedicated campground A campground which has been modified by humans to provide and maintain facilities for camping such as fire pits, road access, latrines, and garbage bins. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite ENVO:01000937 A campground which has no pre-existing facilities installed or maintained by humans, usually found outside of anthropised ecosystems. impromptu campground A campground which has no pre-existing facilities installed or maintained by humans, usually found outside of anthropised ecosystems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campsite ENVO:01000938 A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. spa Jacuzzi hot tub A manufactured product which may hold a volume of heated water suitable for one or more humans to bathe in, usually for the purposes of hydrotherapy or pleasure. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_tub ENVO:01000939 An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. space-time crystal While the usage of the term is still debated, the general idea is that time crystals (which have been made using ytterbium ions and defect-bearing diamonds) break temporal symmetry analogously to how mineral crystal break spatial symmetry. While spatial crystals are inhomogeneous in space (vs a gas, which is distributed evenly) due to the ordering of their atoms, the properties of atoms in a time crystal are inhomogeneous in the time dimension. time crystal An open system in non-equilibrium with its environment that exhibits time translation symmetry breaking. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_crystal https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/543164a ENVO:01000940 Water which is partially contained within a fissure or a geological fracture. The axiomatisation should be more tuned to the site within the fissure. fracture water While containment is often enough to classify this subtype of water, it is expected that the water's composition is altered by contact with the solid material bounding the fissure's site. fissure water Water which is partially contained within a fissure or a geological fracture. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 ENVO:01000941 Regions of a planet which are not exposed to the planet's atmosphere or space, often comprising parts of one or more planetary structural layers. planetary subsurface zone ENVO:01000942 A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. We may have to soften dependence on planetary structural layers as some planets haven't differentiated by density. continental subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below a continental landmass. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 ENVO:01000943 A hill which has a surface that is partially or wholly covered by plant communities. This class will be axiomatised to coordinate with the 'vegetated area' class. vegetated hill ENVO:01000944 A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than five millimetres. microplastic This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternative classifications are a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 5 millimetres in diameter, a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 millimetre, or a piece of plastic which has a diameter greater than 330 micrometres. The use of the word diameter in this case was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. microplastic particle A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than five millimetres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternative classifications are a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 5 millimetres in diameter, a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 millimetre, or a piece of plastic which has a diameter greater than 330 micrometres. The use of the word diameter in this case was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. ENVO:01000945 A microplastic particle which is the direct output of a manufacturing process. Primäres Mikroplastik microplastica primaria microplástico primario microplastic primary microplastic particle A microplastic particle which is the direct output of a manufacturing process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY ENVO:01000946 A microplastic particle which is derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris. Sekundäres Mikroplastik microplastica secondaria microplástico secundario microplastic The debris that make up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch constantly release microplastics as they break down. secondary microplastic particle A microplastic particle which is derived from the breakdown of larger plastic debris. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microplastics https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/file/2192/download?token=5dvqb-YY 2 ENVO:01000947 An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. There are many subtypes of ecotone, some with sharp transitions and others with gradual, patchy transitions between communities. From Wikipedia:Ecotone - The word ecotone was coined from a combination of eco(logy) plus -tone, from the Greek tonos or tension – in other words, a place where ecologies are in tension. ecotone An envirommental system which bridges two or more biomes and which includes ecological communities which blend these biomes' phylogenetic and phenotypic compositions. ISBN:978-0-03-058414-5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotone https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ecotone ENVO:01000948 An ecotone which bridges a subpolar coniferous forest biome and a tundra biome. This assumes, of course, that the planet's or planetoid's poles receive less stellar radiation and/or thermal energy than equatorial regions. Arctic tree-line ecotone Major vegetational ecotones such as that between the northern edge of the Boreal Forest in North America (or taiga in Russia) and the arctic tundra, known as the arctic tree-line ecotone, are controlled largely by large-scale airmass contrasts and are sensitive to climatic change, as noted by R. A. Bryson (1966). Harvey Nichols, Ph.D. , April 23, 2017 Emeritus Professor of Biology. polar tree-line ecotone An ecotone which bridges a subpolar coniferous forest biome and a tundra biome. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/501 ENVO:01000949 A woodland which has an understory partially covered by lichen mats and tundra-like vegetation. lichen woodland A woodland which has an understory partially covered by lichen mats and tundra-like vegetation. https://www.britannica.com/science/taiga#ref589262 ENVO:01000950 A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 water ice formation process A material transformation process during which water ice is formed. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Sea-Water-Freezing-of.html ENVO:01000951 An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. non-anthropised environment non-anthropized environment In most contexts, 'natural' is defined by the lack of intervention or influence by humans and their activities. On Earth, most environments fall on a scale between completely natural and anthropised. natural environment An environmental system in which minimal to no anthropisation has occurred and non-human agents are the primary determinants of the system's dynamics and composition. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment ENVO:01000952 A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. anthropisation A process during which a natural environmental system is altered by human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization An area may be classified as anthropized even though it looks natural, such as grasslands that have been deforested by humans. It can be difficult to determine how much a site has been anthropized in the case of urbanization because one must be able to estimate the state of the landscape before significant human action. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropization ENVO:01000953 An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. tree line tree-line treeline tree line ecotone An ecotone which overlaps at least one biome which supports the growth and persistence of trees and at least one that does not. Before ceasing altogether, tree growth becomes sparse and trees appear stunted as conditions become less favourable along this ecotone. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line ENVO:01000954 A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to the low temperatures or duration of snow cover that occur at increased elevations above mean sea level. alpine tree line alpine tree-line alpine treeline alpine tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to the low temperatures or duration of snow cover that occur at increased elevations above mean sea level. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line ENVO:01000955 A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability due to a lack of water-based precipitation. desert tree line desert tree-line desert treeline desert tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability due to a lack of water-based precipitation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line ENVO:01000956 A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability caused by exposure to increased solar radiation and a lack of rainfall. desert-alpine tree line desert-alpine tree-line desert-alpine treeline The lack of rainfall in these ecotones is often due to their elevation above the condensation line of atmospheric water vapour. desert-alpine tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone across which trees cease to grow due to insufficient water availability caused by exposure to increased solar radiation and a lack of rainfall. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line ENVO:01000957 A tree line ecotone which contains gaps in tree coverage due to decreased biodiversity in tree-forming plant species: gaps are above the alpine tree line for some species yet below the desert tree line for others, and no species with intermediate tolerances are present. double tree line double tree-line double treeline Mountain ranges isolated by oceans or deserts may have restricted repertoires of tree species and contain double tree lines. double tree line ecotone A tree line ecotone which contains gaps in tree coverage due to decreased biodiversity in tree-forming plant species: gaps are above the alpine tree line for some species yet below the desert tree line for others, and no species with intermediate tolerances are present. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line Mountain ranges isolated by oceans or deserts may have restricted repertoires of tree species and contain double tree lines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_line#Double_tree_line ENVO:01000958 A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. rocky planet telluric planet Earth-like planet terrestrial planet A planet that is composed primarily of silicate rocks or metals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_planet ENVO:01000959 A planetary atmosphere which is formed as a result of the accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's star. Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet. primary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which is formed as a result of the accretion of gaseous matter from the accretion disc of the planet's star. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_atmosphere Planets such as Jupiter and Saturn have primary atmospheres. Primary atmospheres are very thick compared to secondary atmospheres like the one found on Earth. The primary atmosphere was lost on the terrestrial planets due to a combination of surface temperature, mass of the atoms and escape velocity of the planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_atmosphere ENVO:01000960 A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of its planet's volcanic activity, or by accumulation of material from comet impacts. A secondary atmosphere is found on many terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Earth has a tertiary atmosphere due to biotic processes. secondary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of its planet's volcanic activity, or by accumulation of material from comet impacts. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere A secondary atmosphere is found on many terrestrial planets such as Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Secondary atmospheres are relatively thin compared to primary atmospheres like Jupiter's. Earth has a tertiary atmosphere due to biotic processes. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere ENVO:01000961 A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of biotic processes modifying a secondary atmosphere. This definition cites biotic processes; however, the source indicated that other processes may cause a secondary atmosphere to transition into a tertiary one. More input is needed. Further processing of a secondary atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth. tertiary atmosphere A planetary atmosphere which has formed as a result of biotic processes modifying a secondary atmosphere. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere Further processing of a secondary atmosphere, for example by the processes of biological life, can produce a tertiary atmosphere, such as that of Earth. http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec14.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_atmosphere ENVO:01000962 A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. kieselguhr kieselgur D.E. diatomaceous earth This material is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. diatomite A sedimentary rock which is primarily composed of the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth This material is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth#Geology_and_occurrence ENVO:01000963 A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. kieselguhr particle kieselgur particle particle of diatomaceous earth particle of diatomite piece of diatomaceous earth piece of diatomite D.E. diatomaceous earth Diatomite is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. diatomite particle A piece of rock which is primarily composed of diatomite: the fossilized, siliceous remains of diatoms mixed with varying amounts of other clays and minerals. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth Diatomite is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. The powder has a particle size ranging from less than 3 micrometres to more than 1 millimetre, but typically 10 to 200 micrometres. The diatoms in each deposit contain different amounts of silica, depending on the age of the deposit. The species of diatom may differ among deposits. The species of diatom is dependent upon the age and paleo-environment of the deposit. In turn, the shape of a diatom is determined by its species. The typical chemical composition of oven-dried diatomaceous earth is 80 to 90% silica, with 2 to 4% alumina (attributed mostly to clay minerals) and 0.5 to 2% iron oxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth#Geology_and_occurrence ENVO:01000964 Wastewater which is produced by industrial activity and which contains chemical contaminants other than those associated with urine and fecal matter. industrial wastewater ENVO:01000965 A construction which is designed to hold water in which humans may swim or perform other leisure activities. pool paddling pool swimming bath swimming pool wading pool constructed swimming pool A construction which is designed to hold water in which humans may swim or perform other leisure activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool ENVO:01000966 A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. pool swimming pool private swimming pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a non-governmental legal entity or a collective of such entities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_ownership https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool ENVO:01000967 A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a governmental or state entity. pool swimming pool public swimming pool A constructed swimming pool which is owned by a governmental or state entity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_ownership https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_pool ENVO:01000968 A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit. Sources of water include rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies. Conduits include canals, pipelines, and tunnels. Water intakes typically transport water for purposes of hydroelectric power engineering, water supply, or irrigation. water intake A hydraulic-engineering installation which transports water - in specified amounts, of a specified quality, and in accordance with a water-consumption plan - from a source of supply into a conduit. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Water+Intake+Works ENVO:01000969 A building which provides the site for food services with little or no waiting staff furnishing table service. canteen cafeteria A building which provides the site for food services with little or no waiting staff furnishing table service. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafeteria ENVO:01000970 A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. deli The food products sold in a delicatessen are often considered unusual by the majority of its customers and may come from foreign food supplies which are not widely imported into its region of operation. delicatessen A food shop which sells a selection of food products that are not typical dietary components of the human population it is co-located with. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delicatessen ENVO:01000971 A truck which is equipped to cook and sell food. Due to the facilities on board, food trucks are often larger than other trucks with comparable mechanics. food truck A truck which is equipped to cook and sell food. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_truck ENVO:01000972 A restaurant which provides prepared meals or other food products that the purchaser must eat off its premises. take out restaurant take-away take-out restaurant A restaurant which provides prepared meals or other food products that the purchaser must eat off its premises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurant http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01000973 A booth with an open window on one side. The relation between booths and buildings needs to be clarified. Booth should be its own class. This definition of kiosk is characteristic of the Western hemisphere and used in English-speaking countries. kiosk A booth with an open window on one side. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosk ENVO:01000974 A kiosk from which food products are sold. The relation between booths and buildings needs to be clarified. Booth should be its own class. This definition of kiosk is characteristic of the Western hemisphere and used in English-speaking countries. food kiosk A kiosk from which food products are sold. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiosk ENVO:01000975 A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. animal trap A manufactured product which is designed to catch and hold animals. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/trap ENVO:01000976 An animal trap which consists of a container set flush with the ground such that animals moving along the ground may fall in and be available for examination or collection. pitfall trap An animal trap which consists of a container set flush with the ground such that animals moving along the ground may fall in and be available for examination or collection. Barber H (1931) Traps for cave-inhabiting insects. J Elisha Mitchell Sci Soc. 46:259–266. Hertz M (1927) Huomioita petokuoriaisten olinpaikoista. Luonnon Ystava. 31:218–222. Mitchell B (1963) Ecology of two carabid beetles, Bembidion lampros (Herbst) and Trechus quadristriatus (Shrank). J Animal Ecol. 32(3): 377-392. ENVO:01000977 A pitfall trap in which a glass, plastic, or metal container devoid of accumulations of any liquid is used to contain any animal that falls inside. dry pitfall trap A pitfall trap in which a glass, plastic, or metal container devoid of accumulations of any liquid is used to contain any animal that falls inside. ISBN:978-0-646-04569-6 ISBN:978-94-009-1225-0 http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/pitfall-traps ENVO:01000978 A pitfall trap in which the container used to hold trapped animals is filled with a liquid solution formulated to hold, kill, and preserve any animal or animals which falls within it. Aqueous solutions used in these traps include: formalin (10% formaldehyde), alcohol, methylated spirits, trisodium phosphate and picric acid. wet pitfall trap A pitfall trap in which the container used to hold trapped animals is filled with a liquid solution formulated to hold, kill, and preserve any animal or animals which falls within it. ISBN:978-0-646-04569-6 ISBN:978-94-009-1225-0 http://www.animalethics.org.au/policies-and-guidelines/wildlife-research/pitfall-traps ENVO:01000979 A channel of an intermittent stream which contains a river when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. ephemeral river intermittent river temporary river channel of an intermittent river A channel of an intermittent stream which contains a river when water supply exceeds evapotranspiration and bed seepage. http://irbas.cesab.org/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermittent_river ENVO:01000980 A channel through which a directional flow of water periodically occurs, ceasing when bed seepage or evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply. intermittent stream channel of an intermittent stream A channel through which a directional flow of water periodically occurs, ceasing when bed seepage or evapotranspiration exceed the available water supply. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Intermittent+stream ENVO:01000981 A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. This class can refer to the flow of any material in a liquid phase. mass liquid flow A process whereby a volume of liquid moves due to a disequilibrium of physical forces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind ENVO:01000982 A material transport process during which a volume of liquid water is transported due to a disequilibria in physical forces. water flow process ENVO:01000983 A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. The gravitational sphere of influence referenced in this class' definition is the Hill sphere: a region in which an object dominates the attraction of satellites despite gravitational perturbations. technosphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which have been constructed or manufactured by humans or their technology and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053019616677743 http://www.yourdictionary.com/technosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161130085021.htm ENVO:01000984 A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade. grocery store A food shop in which food products are the primary offer for sale or trade. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01000985 A part of an ecosystem which has been allocated to host a gathering of people for multiple entertainment or commercial activities. A good candidate to draft land use semantics around Fairgrounds, or parts thereof, may be constructed (e.g. concreted over) or be natural (e.g. clearings or heaths), thus land use is the key differentia. fairground A part of an ecosystem which has been allocated to host a gathering of people for multiple entertainment or commercial activities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairground ENVO:01000986 A fairground which is used to exhibit agricultural technology, livestock, and farm-related activity. agricultural fairground A fairground which is used to exhibit agricultural technology, livestock, and farm-related activity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairground ENVO:01000987 A part of an ecosystem where people gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. Hierarchies based on land use should replace the anthropogenic feature class once we have a stable rationale. public market bazaar marketplace mercado palengke souk tianguis As with campgrounds and fairgrounds, land use is the key differentia here. The regularity of marketplace activities may provide a differentia for further growth of this branch. market A part of an ecosystem where people gather for the purchase and sale of provisions, livestock, and other goods. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_(place) ENVO:01000988 A food shop in which the food products on offer are restricted to those produced in a region and cultural setting other than that of the shop's locality. ethnic food store ethnic speciality shop ethnic speciality store ethnic food shop ENVO:01000989 An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. plumbing fixture An exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumbing_fixture ENVO:01000990 A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. hand basin wash basin sink sinker washbowl sink fixture A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped and used for washing hands, dishwashing, and other purposes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sink ENVO:01000991 A plumbing fixture which may serve as a container for water in which humans or other animals may bathe. bathtub bath tub Of course, there are other uses for bathtubs. bathtub fixture ENVO:01000992 A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. As some showers have no drain, this may cause issues with the definition of plumbing fixture. shower Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. Showering is common in Western culture due to the efficiency of using it compared with a bathtub. Its use in hygiene is, therefore, common practice. A shower uses less water on average than a bath: 80 litres for a shower compared with 150 litres for a bath. shower fixture A plumbing fixture within which a human or other animal may bathe under a spray of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower Indoors, there is a drain in the floor. Most showers have temperature, spray pressure and adjustable showerhead nozzle. Showering is common in Western culture due to the efficiency of using it compared with a bathtub. Its use in hygiene is, therefore, common practice. A shower uses less water on average than a bath: 80 litres for a shower compared with 150 litres for a bath. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shower ENVO:01000993 A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. manufacturing process A planned process during which raw or recycled materials are transformed into products for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing The term may refer to a range of human activity, from handicraft to high tech, but is most commonly applied to industrial production, in which raw materials are transformed into finished goods on a large scale. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing ENVO:01000994 A manufacturing process which occurs on a planet. Whether this is within the planet's Hill sphere, the region which extends from its exosphere to its core, or some other planetary region is not clear. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/513 for discussion. planetary manufacturing process ENVO:01000995 A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000979 for the channel of an intermittent river. dry river A dry stream channel through which a river had flowed, but now contains no appreciable accumulations of water. ENVO:01000996 An process during which natural or manufactured materials and products are processed and arranged by humans or their technology into structures. The nature of "structures" must be further specified. human-directed construction process ENVO:01000997 An environmental system which is determined by materials bearing roughly homogeneous qualities. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. environmental system determined by a quality ENVO:01000998 An environmental system within which an environmental material strongly influences the system's composition and properties. Organisational class. Not intended for annotation. Subclasses describe environments which are usually permeated by an environmental material. They may also describe environments which are sufficiently close to a material, that their dynamics are strongly influenced by it (e.g. a patch of forest ecosystem neighbouring a uranium dump). environmental system determined by a material ENVO:01000999 An environmental system determined by the presence of a plant rhizosphere. Plant rhizosphere rhizosphere environment Plant rhizosphere http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001000 An environmental system which is determined by a living organism. host-associated environment environmental system determined by an organism ENVO:01001001 An environmental system determined by a green plant. Plant plant environment Viridiplantae-associated environment plant-associated environment Plant http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001002 An environmental system determined by an animal. Animal animal environment Metazoan-associated environment animal-associated environment Animal http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001003 Non-saline This class (term) is defined by the lack of a quality (i.e. the lack of salinity or increased osmolarity), which is not best-practice ontologically. Use for annotation is generally discouraged and users should use classes which positively describe the material or environment sampled (i.e. stating the qualities the entity has, rather than those it does not). non-saline environment Non-saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001004 Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. ground water The definition of aquifer is quite permissive, referencing any water bearing rock or unconsolidated material. groundwater Underground water which is located in pore spaces found in rock or unconsolidated deposits such as soil, clay, or gravel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater ENVO:01001005 A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. moonbow white rainbow lunar rainbow A lunar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light, which has been reflected from a moon's surface, by water droplets in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow ENVO:01001006 A rainbow is a photometeor which consists of a spectral separation of light, formed as a result of the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. The term 'rainbow' is usually used to refer to solar rainbows, but greater specificity should be used when possible. rainbow A rainbow is a photometeor which consists of a spectral separation of light, formed as a result of the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow ENVO:01001007 A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. stellar rainbow The astronomical body where the rainbow occurs is understood to orbit the star which produces the light which forms the rainbow. solar rainbow A solar rainbow is a rainbow produced by the refraction of light. which has been emitted by a star, by water droplets in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow ENVO:01001008 A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. meteor A meteor is any matter- or energy-based entity which is located in the atmosphere of an astronomical body. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html ENVO:01001009 A meteor that is primarily composed of light. Requires radiative phenomena to be added for axiomatisation. photometeor ENVO:01001010 A meteor which is primarily composed of water. hydrometeor A meteor which is primarily composed of water. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/other-meteors.html ENVO:01001011 A photometeor which is formed as a result of sudden electrostatic discharge in the atmosphere. lightning lightning flash This phenomenon is often treated as interchangeable with the process of electrostatic discharge that causes it. light emitted by lightning ENVO:01001012 A meteor which is primarily composed of rock. lithometeor ENVO:01001013 A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. Not to be confused with a reflected rainbow, which is not a photometeor. reflection rainbow A rainbow which forms from sunlight which has been reflected off a body of water prior to its interaction with water droplets in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow ENVO:01001014 A solar rainbow which is formed by a narrow band of wavelengths, the rest of the spectrum having been scattered away by an atmosphere. monochrome rainbow red rainbow monochrome solar rainbow A solar rainbow which is formed by a narrow band of wavelengths, the rest of the spectrum having been scattered away by an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow ENVO:01001015 A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. fog bow Often, fogbows are treated as separate from rainbows; however, as the formation processes are much the same, we currently classify these as a subclass of rainbow pending input from domain experts. fogbow A rainbow which forms through the interaction of sunlight with the water droplets which constitute fog or clouds; light is diffracted by these droplets such that the photometeor appears almost white with faint reds on the sky-facing side and faint blues on the planet-facing side of the bow. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow ENVO:01001016 A photometeor which is formed by wave interference of light refracted within water droplets which constitute mist or clouds and consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which has red wavelengths distant to the glory's centre and blue wavelengths towards the centre. This is not to be confused with a circular rainbow, which is formed through different processes. glory A photometeor which is formed by wave interference of light refracted within water droplets which constitute mist or clouds and consists of one or more concentric, successively dimmer rings, each of which has red wavelengths distant to the glory's centre and blue wavelengths towards the centre. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory_(optical_phenomenon) ENVO:01001017 A photometeor which is produced by light that is reflected, refracted, and dispersed by ice crystals, capable of acting as prisms and mirrors, suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. halo A photometeor which is produced by light that is reflected, refracted, and dispersed by ice crystals, capable of acting as prisms and mirrors, suspended in an astronomical body's atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(optical_phenomenon) ENVO:01001018 Water which has a very high concentration of nutrients. The thresholds of eutrophy are fluid and often locally defined. hypereutrophic water Water which has a very high concentration of nutrients. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/528 ENVO:01001019 A lake which is composed primarily of water with very high nutrient concentrations. hypereutrophic lake A lake which is composed primarily of water with very high nutrient concentrations. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/529 ENVO:01001020 A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. hypersaline lake A lake which is primarily composed of water with a concentration of dissolved salts greater than that of ocean water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersaline_lake ENVO:01001021 A lake which is composed primarily water with high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids, resulting in brown- or tea-coloured colouration. dystrophic lake In response to historical misuse of the term in literature, these lakes are better referred to as "humic lakes". Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in terms of both pH and productivity. Due to the low pH associated with dystrophic lakes, few bacterial species and other aquatic life are able to survive. They are common in the taiga of North America and Eurasia. humic lake A lake which is composed primarily water with high concentrations of humic substances and organic acids, resulting in brown- or tea-coloured colouration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_lake In response to historical misuse of the term in literature, these lakes are better referred to as "humic lakes". Although dystrophic lakes are often considered acidic and nutrient-poor (oligotrophic), these lakes actually vary greatly in terms of both pH and productivity. Due to the low pH associated with dystrophic lakes, few bacterial species and other aquatic life are able to survive. They are common in the taiga of North America and Eurasia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystrophic_lake ENVO:01001022 A lake which has formed as the result of processes that are not or are only minimally driven by human activity. This class is to be filled by inference. natural lake ENVO:01001023 A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. Requires addition of waves for full axiomatisation. This should be linked to "subatomic particle" with an "or". Note that ENVO represents space as an environmental material (a hard vacuum with sparse material inclusions). radiation A process during which energy is emitted or transmitted in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation ENVO:01001024 A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. particle radiation A radiation process during which energy is transmitted or emitted by means of fast-moving subatomic particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation ENVO:01001025 A particle radiation process during which subatomic particles move in the same direction. particle beam radiation A particle radiation process during which subatomic particles move in the same direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_radiation ENVO:01001026 A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. EM radiation Note that this class is concerned only with active radiative processes: static electric and magnetic fields are not inlcuded. All electromagnetic radiation carries radiant energy. electromagnetic radiation A radiation process during which waves (or their quanta, photons) of the electromagnetic field propagate (radiate) through space carrying electromagnetic energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation ENVO:01001027 A radiation process during which mechanical waves generated by oscillations radiate through an environmental material. The mechanical waves generated by this process are also referred to as pressure waves. acoustic radiation A radiation process during which mechanical waves generated by oscillations radiate through an environmental material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_wave https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibration ENVO:01001028 Sediment which has its porespace filled by water which has very low levels of sodium chloride and/or other salts. We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker. sediment permeated by freshwater ENVO:01001029 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by feces. Animal distal gut fecal environment Animal distal gut http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ The label of this EMPO class is ambiguous, but pers. comm. with L Thompson (http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3911-1280) reveals that this is essentially limited to fecal samples. ENVO:01001030 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a bodily secretion of a metazoan. Animal secretion environment determined by a metazoan secretion Animal secretion http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001031 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a substance produced by a plant. Plant secretion environment determined by a plant substance Plant secretion http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001032 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a plant. Plant surface environment determined by a biofilm on a plant surface Plant surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001033 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a digestive tract. Animal proximal gut digestive tract environment Animal proximal gut http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ This EMPO class includes examples of microbial environments determined by the "gut intestine, gizzard, crop, lumen, [and] mucosa". ENVO:01001034 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a animal. Animal surface environment determined by a biofilm on an animal surface Animal surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001035 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on the surface of a fungus. Fungus surface environment determined by a biofilm on a fungal surface Fungus surface http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001036 Sediment which has its porespace filled by water with increased levels of sodium chloride and other salts. We do not specify numeric thresholds for saline vs. non-saline here, as this is variable. Consider specifying this on the information and/or data layer for your purposes. If you require an ENVO class with a fixed threshold, please request one using our issue tracker. sediment permeated by saline water ENVO:01001037 Water which contains a slightly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water slightly salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies slightly saline water as having around 1,000 to 3,000 ppm (0.1–0.3%) of dissolved salts. slightly saline water ENVO:01001038 Water which contains a moderately increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water moderately salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies moderately saline water as having around 3,000 to 10,000 ppm (0.3–1%) of dissolved salts. moderately saline water ENVO:01001039 Water which contains a highly increased concentration of dissolved salts, relative to their concentration in freshwater. EcoLexicon:saltwater SWEETRealm:SalineWater SWEETRealm:SaltWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saline_water highly salty water The United States Geological Survey classifies highly saline water as having around 10,000 to 35,000 ppm (1–3.5%) of dissolved salts. highly saline water ENVO:01001040 An environment which is determined by materials which bear significant concentrations of salts. Saline The thresholds for "significant" concentrations of salts vary widely and thus no committment is made in this class. Subclasses with more explicit thresholds can be made upon request. saline environment Saline http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001041 An environmental system determined by a fungal structure. Fungus fungus environment fungus-associated environment fungi-associated environment Fungus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001042 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sterile water. Negative This term can be understood as a negative experimental control primarily composed of sterile water. The quantity of sterile water used may be contaminated; to express pure sterile water, please use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_00005791 sterile water environment Negative http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001043 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by hypersaline water. Hypersaline (saline) hypersaline water environment Hypersaline (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ Examples inlcude water from hypersaline samples or brines (>50 psu) ENVO:01001044 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by soil. Soil (non-saline) soil environment Soil (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001045 A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. We may have to soften dependence on planetary structural layers as some planets haven't differentiated by density. oceanic subsurface zone A region which overlaps parts of one or more planetary structural layers which are located below an oceanic plate. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/466 ENVO:01001046 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by the subsurface zone of a planet. planetary subsurface environment ENVO:01001047 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by those parts of a planetary subsurface zone which are not saline. Subsurface (non-saline) non-saline planetary subsurface environment Subsurface (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001048 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment. sediment environment ENVO:01001049 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by non-saline water. Sediment (non-saline) non-saline sediment environment Sediment (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001050 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by sediment permeated by saline water. Sediment (saline) saline sediment environment Sediment (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001051 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to non-saline materials. Surface (non-saline) environment determined by a biofilm on a non-saline surface Surface (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001052 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol. aerosol environment ENVO:01001053 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a saline aerosol. Aerosol (saline) saline aerosol environment Aerosol (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ seaspray or other aerosolized saline material (>5 psu) ENVO:01001054 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by an aerosol with a low concentration of dissolved solutes. Aerosol (non-saline) non-saline aerosol environment Aerosol (non-saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ aerosolized dust or liquid ENVO:01001055 An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal. Animal corpus environment associated with an animal part or small animal Animal corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001056 An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by a biofilm on a surface which is exposed to saline materials. Surface (saline) environment determined by a biofilm on a saline surface Surface (saline) http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001057 An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead plant, or a whole small plant. Plant corpus environment associated with a plant part or small plant Plant corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001058 An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead fungus. Fungus corpus environment associated with a fungal tissue Fungus corpus http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001059 A cell culture which is composed of a microbial community of known composition. Mock community Mock communities are typically used as positive controls in experiments. mock community culture Mock community http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001060 A cell culture which is composed of a single population of bacterial or archaeal cells. Single strain single strain cell culture Single strain http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/ ENVO:01001061 A lake which is contained within a caldera. caldera lake A lake which is contained within a caldera. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake ENVO:01001062 A lake contained within a crater. Note that this class does not commit to what kind of crater contains the lake in question. Please see the subclasses for more specificity. crater lake A lake contained within a crater. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_lake ENVO:01001063 Water which has an appreciable concentration of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z The threshold dissolved oxygen concentration past which water is considered oxic is variable. Typically, this is understood as the concentration at and beyond which organisms inhabiting that water can sustain aerobic metabolism and good health. For most systems, this is above 80% oxygen saturation. Input is welcome here https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/536 oxic water Water which has an appreciable concentration of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental) ENVO:01001064 Water which has low levels of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 2010-03-21T06:05:53Z As with oxic and anoxic water, the thresholds for hypoxia are variable. Typically, a hypoxic state is asserted when dissolved oxygen levels decrease to a level where they have detrimental effects on aerobic aquatic organisms, typically below 30% oxygen saturation. hypoxic water Water which has low levels of dissolved oxygen. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(environmental) ENVO:01001065 A lake which is contained in a crater formed by a meteorite impact. meteorite crater lake meteorite impact crater lake meteorite lake A lake which is contained in a crater formed by a meteorite impact. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Meteorite_.28extraterrestrial_impact.2F_crater.29_lakes ENVO:01001066 An impact event is a collision between astronomical bodies. impact between astronomical bodies QCR: 'has participant' min 2 'astronomical body' An impact event is a collision between astronomical bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event ENVO:01001067 An impact event during which a meteoroid collides with another astronomical body. meterorite impact An impact event during which a meteoroid collides with another astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_event ENVO:01001068 An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. meteoroid An astronomical body which is composed of rocky or metallic materials and is considerably smaller than asteroids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid ENVO:01001069 A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. Far more axiomatisation can be done should the qualities of metals be added to PATO or a similar quality ontology. However, note that there are many exceptions to the typical qualities of the majority of metals. metal While this class allows for some degree of contamination by non-metal substances, the material represented should show at least some of the typical features of a pure metal: hardness (except for liquid metals), opacity, lustre, malleability, fusibility, ductile and good electrical and thermal conductivity. metallic material A material which is composed primarily of one or more pure metals and which shows their properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal ENVO:01001070 A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. impact crater lake A lake which is contained in a crater formed by an impact event. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Meteorite_.28extraterrestrial_impact.2F_crater.29_lakes ENVO:01001071 A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another. SWEETRealm:ImpactCrater impact crater A crater which was formed as a result of the impact of one astronomical body on another. MA:ma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_crater ENVO:01001072 A lake which is primarily composed of anoxic water. anaerobic lake anoxic lake ENVO:01001073 A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. anoxic lake lake with an anoxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of anoxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 ENVO:01001074 A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of hypoxic water. anoxic lake lake with a hypoxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of hypoxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 ENVO:01001075 A lake which is primarily composed of hypoxic water. oxygen-poor lake oxygen-depleted lake hypoxic lake ENVO:01001076 A lake which is primarily composed of oxic water. oxygenated lake aerobic lake oxic lake ENVO:01001077 A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of oxic water. aerobic lake oxic lake lake with an oxic hypolimnion A lake which has a hypolimnion composed primarily of oxic water. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0111 ENVO:01001078 Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space. This class refers to all weather, including atmospheric and space weather. Please use a subclass for more specificity. weather Environmental variability which inheres in an astronomical body part or in outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather ENVO:01001079 Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. This class refers to the common usage of "weather", referencing the state of a (part of) an astronomical body's atmosphere. atmospheric weather Weather which inheres in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weather ENVO:01001080 Weather which inheres in outer space. space weather Weather which inheres in outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_weather ENVO:01001081 A condition which inheres in an environmental system by virtue of that system undergoing variation in its composition, the distribution of the qualities its components bear, and/or in the processes which occur within it and which it participates in. This class is very general, but the nature of environmental variability is indeed quite variable. This class may be refined once we have more subclasses to consider. environmental variability ENVO:01001082 The disposition of an environmental system, particularly those influencing atmospheres, to manifest a cyclic pattern of weather over time. The current alignment of "climate" under BFO:disposition is drawing from its very useful etymology (Ancient Greek klima, meaning inclination). The climatic conditions currently used to axiomatise biomes (polar, tropical, etc) may be better placed under this class. Climate is commonly defined as the weather averaged, or otherwise summarised, over a period of time much longer than the duration of any phenomenon that constitutes weather. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. climate The disposition of an environmental system, particularly those influencing atmospheres, to manifest a cyclic pattern of weather over time. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate Climate is commonly defined as the weather averaged, or otherwise summarised, over a period of time much longer than the duration of any phenomenon that constitutes weather. The standard averaging period is 30 years, but other periods may be used depending on the purpose. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate ENVO:01001083 A process during which water vapour condensing in the atmosphere aggregates into clouds. Currently tied to water-based clouds. This can be generalised to othe clouds if needed. cloud formation cloud formation process A process during which water vapour condensing in the atmosphere aggregates into clouds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_condensation_nuclei ENVO:01001084 A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. particle formation particulate matter formation process A process during which microscopic solid or liquid objects are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001085 An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. atmospheric aerosol formation atmospheric aerosol formation An aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001086 A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of solid particles in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of solid particulates suspended in a gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001087 A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. formation of liquid droplets in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere A process during which an aerosol, consisting of droplets of liquid suspended in gas, is formed in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001088 An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. SWEETRealm:Aerosol liquid aerosol aerosolised liquids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of liquid droplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol ENVO:01001089 An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. SWEETRealm:Aerosol solid aerosol aerosolised solids An aerosol which has non-gaseous parts that are primarily composed of solid particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol ENVO:01001090 A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001091 A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. atmospheric formation of a liquid aerosol formation of a liquid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of liquid droplets from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of liquid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere formation of a liquid aerosol from gaseous material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic liquid droplets are formed from gaseous materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001092 A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. tectonic lake A lake which is contained in a depression formed by the deformation and resulting lateral and vertical movements of a lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Tectonic_lakes ENVO:01001093 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates ENVO:01001094 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move towards one another. convergent tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move towards one another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ENVO:01001095 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move away from one another. constructive tectonic movement extensional tectonic movement divergent tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move away from one another. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ENVO:01001096 A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move along each other in a predominantly horizontal manner, either in a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction. conservative tectonic movement transform tectonic movement A process during which pieces of a planetary crust and uppermost mantle move along each other in a predominantly horizontal manner, either in a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transform_fault ENVO:01001097 A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. tectonic plate A part of a lithosphere which is separated by other such parts by geographic faults or similar geomorphological discontinuities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates 2 ENVO:01001098 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. tectonic plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates move towards, away from, or along one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ENVO:01001099 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving away from one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forms rifts or ridges. constructive boundary constructive plate boundary divergent boundary extensional boundary extensional plate boundary divergent plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving away from one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forms rifts or ridges. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ENVO:01001100 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving towards one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forces one plate below the other where it melts in the mantle. convergent boundary destructive boundary destructive plate boundary convergent plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving towards one another, resulting in deformation of the lithosphere that forces one plate below the other where it melts in the mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ENVO:01001101 A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving along one another in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) horizontal direction. This class overlaps with the semantics of geographic faults and further work needs to be done to disentangle them. transform boundary transform fault transform plate boundary A geomorphological feature which is formed where two or more tectonic plates are actively moving along one another in either a sinistral (left lateral) or dextral (right lateral) horizontal direction. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics ENVO:01001102 A convergent tectonic movement process during which one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into a mantle. subduction tectonic plate subduction A convergent tectonic movement process during which one plate moves under another and is forced or sinks due to gravity into a mantle. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergent_boundary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_tectonics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subduction ENVO:01001103 An organic material which is primarily composed of dead particulate matter. detritus An organic material which is primarily composed of dead particulate matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detritus ENVO:01001104 A compound astronomical body part in which extensional tectonic processes occur and where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. rift rift zone A compound astronomical body part in which extensional tectonic processes occur and where the lithosphere is being pulled apart. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rift ENVO:01001105 A lake which fills a basin that has been dammed by wind-blown sand, formed between sand dunes oriented by winds; or formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. aeolian lake A lake which fills a basin that has been dammed by wind-blown sand, formed between sand dunes oriented by winds; or formed by wind action under previously arid paleoenvironments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Aeolian_lakes ENVO:01001106 A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. landslide lake A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a landslide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Landslide_lakes ENVO:01001107 A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a rockslide. rockslide lake A lake which fills a depression where drainage is blocked by solid material transported by a rockslide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake#Landslide_lakes ENVO:01001108 A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside. rockslip rockslide process A rockslide is a process whereby a large mass of rock moves down a hill or a mountainside. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_wasting ENVO:01001109 A succession of swirling vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around one or more blunt bodies. Kármán vortex street von Kármán vortex street These vortices are responsible for such phenomena as the "singing" of suspended telephone or power lines, and the vibration of a car antenna at certain speeds. Karman vortex street A succession of swirling vortices caused by the unsteady separation of flow of a fluid around one or more blunt bodies. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_vortex_street ENVO:01001110 An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. LTER:173 This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here. ecosystem An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem LTER:173 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems ENVO:01001111 A channel which was formed as a result of an annelid burrowing through soil, where organic residues lining the burrow have subsequently initiated fossilization. fossil worm burrow A channel which was formed as a result of an annelid burrowing through soil, where organic residues lining the burrow have subsequently initiated fossilization. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070920 ENVO:01001112 A process during which organic substances are replaced with mineral substrances, maintaining part of their anatomical organisation. fossilization fossilization of organic material A process during which organic substances are replaced with mineral substrances, maintaining part of their anatomical organisation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil#Fossilization_processes ENVO:01001113 Material which is primarily conposed of the vegetation present in tended pastures: mainly grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. forage forage material Material which is primarily conposed of the vegetation present in tended pastures: mainly grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs. ENVO:01001114 A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. This should be moved to "zone", and inference should be used to link to agricultural feature. feed storage feed storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal feed for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001115 A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. manure storage manure storage space A physical space, which may or may not be in a construction, which is used to store animal manure for agricultural purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001116 Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. bovine dairy liquid manure Manure which has been collected directly or indirectly from dairy cattle, as from flushing of manure from concrete feed lanes, free stalls, and milking facilities. http://manuremanagement.ucdavis.edu/files/134369.pdf http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001117 Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. poultry manure Manure which is composed primarily of the feces of poultry. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001118 Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. heat-treated animal manure Manure which has been subjected to heat treatment for solidification and/or sterilization purposes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001119 Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. composted animal manure Manure which has been subjected to a natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of its organic matter content by microorganisms under controlled conditions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001120 A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. animal manure product A product which is composed primarily of animal manure that has been heat treated and packaged as a product for commercial or consumer use. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 ENVO:01001121 Organic material which is primarily composed of plant structures, living or dead. plant matter ENVO:01001122 A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. Gas giants are composed of about 90% hydrogen and helium. Jupiter and Saturn are examples of gas giants. gas planet A planet which is primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet ENVO:01001123 A gas planet which 1) is considerably smaller than a gas giant and 2) has a rocky core around which a thick envelope primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and smaller proportions of volatiles. The physical make-up of gas dwarfs limit their size, which gravitate towards a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii. dwarf gas planet A gas planet which 1) is considerably smaller than a gas giant and 2) has a rocky core around which a thick envelope primarily composed of hydrogen, helium, and smaller proportions of volatiles. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet The physical make-up of gas dwarfs limit their size, which gravitate towards a total radius between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth-radii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf ENVO:01001124 A gas planet which has mass and size comparable to Jupiter and Saturn. The definition should be revised to avoid relativisation to instances. gas giant giant gas planet A gas planet which has mass and size comparable to Jupiter and Saturn. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_giant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet ENVO:01001125 An ice is an environmental material which is either frozen or which is maintained in a solid state by gravitational forces or pressure. Note that ice may be formed at very high temperatures, due to gravitational effects and/or pressure. ice ENVO:01001126 An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with freezing points above an approximate threshold of 100 Kelvin. ice This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Water, ammonia, and methane are considered "ices" with freezing points of 273 K, 195 K, and 91 K, respectively. astrogeological ice An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with freezing points above an approximate threshold of 100 Kelvin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant ENVO:01001127 A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. Uranus and Neptune are considered ice giants, a separate class relative to the gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Ice giants consist of only about 20% hydrogen and helium in mass. A large portion of the mass in an ice giant was incorporated by the capture of ice (as defined in planetary science) or as gas trapped in water ice. ice giant A giant planet which is primarily composed of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, volatile chemical compounds with freezing points above about 100 Kelvin. http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/whatisaplanet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_giant https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet ENVO:01001128 A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium - probably with deep layers of ice, rock or liquid oceans (made of water, ammonia, a mixture of both, or heavier volatiles) - and a small core made of low-density volatiles. transitional planet These planets have a mass up to 10 Earth masses, notably smaller than Uranus or Neptune, which are about 14.5 and 17 Earth masses, respectively. mini-Neptune A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed of hydrogen and helium - probably with deep layers of ice, rock or liquid oceans (made of water, ammonia, a mixture of both, or heavier volatiles) - and a small core made of low-density volatiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_dwarf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-Neptune ENVO:01001129 An astronomical object which is more massive than the planet Jupiter. Due to their immense size, super-Jupiter class objects straddle the space between planets and other objects such as brown dwarfs. While they may be more massive than Jupiter, super-Jupiters tend to be the same approximate size, with increasing density as their mass increases up to about 80 Jupiter masses. super-Jupiter An astronomical object which is more massive than the planet Jupiter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Jupiter ENVO:01001130 A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. gravitational motion A process during which one or more entities move along geodesics in a region of spacetime that has been sufficiently curved towards an entity with sufficient mass and/or energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity ENVO:01001131 A giant gas planet which has a jovian-scale mass (0.36–11.8 Jupiter masses), a short orbital period (1.3–111 Earth days), and which is close to the star it orbits, resulting in extreme and exotic atmospheric properties. epistellar jovian pegasean planet pegasid roaster planet It is assumed that the mass of a hot Jupiter cannot be greater than approximately 13.6 Jupiter masses, beyond which the planet would start burning deuterium and become a brown dwarf. hot Jupiter It is assumed that the mass of a hot Jupiter cannot be greater than approximately 13.6 Jupiter masses, beyond which the planet would start burning deuterium and become a brown dwarf. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Jupiter ENVO:01001132 A gas planet which has a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus and which closely orbits its star (normally at a distance less than 1 Astronomical Unit). Whether this should be classified as a gas planet or an ice giant must be explored. hoptune hot Neptune A gas planet which has a mass similar to that of Neptune or Uranus and which closely orbits its star (normally at a distance less than 1 Astronomical Unit). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_Neptune ENVO:01001133 A terrestrial exoplanet which is at least ten times the mass of Earth. mega-Earth A terrestrial exoplanet which is at least ten times the mass of Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega-Earth ENVO:01001134 A terrestrial planet which has a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of Uranus and Neptune (15 and 17 Earth masses, respectively). The upper bound of a super-Earth's mass is generally agreed on as 10 Earth masses. In general, super-Earths are defined exclusively by their masses, and the term does not imply temperatures, compositions, orbital properties, habitability, or environments. super-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below the masses of Uranus and Neptune (15 and 17 Earth masses, respectively). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super-Earth ENVO:01001135 A terrestrial planet which has a surface dominated by hot deserts. dry planet This class of planet is still mostly theoretical. desert planet ENVO:01001136 A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. An axiom to express that the planet has a 'substantial' proportion of its mass in the form of water wound enhance this class. aquaplanet panthalassic planet water world While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as the extrasolar planet GJ 1214 b and ocean planet candidate Kepler-22b. ocean planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by water, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_planet ENVO:01001137 A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. cryoplanet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. ice planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by ice, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet While this planetary form is still mostly theoretical, strong candidates exist such as OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, OGLE-2013-BLG-0341L b and MOA-2007-BLG-192Lb. Pluto was considered an ice planet until its reclassification in 2006 CE. Surface temperatures of ice planets would have to be below 260 K (−13°C) if composed primarily of water, below 180 K (−93°C) if primarily composed of CO2 and ammonia, and below 80 K (−193°C) if composed primarily of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_planet ENVO:01001138 Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. dry ice carbon dioxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon dioxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ENVO:01001139 Ice which is primarily composed of methane. methane ice Ice which is primarily composed of methane. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ENVO:01001140 Ice which is primarily composed of ammonia. ammonia ice Ice which is primarily composed of ammonia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ENVO:01001141 Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. carbon monoxide ice Ice which is primarily composed of carbon monoxide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice ENVO:01001142 A planet which in primarily composed of an iron-rich core with little to no mantle cannonball planet Mercury is the largest iron planet in the Solar System, the other terrestrial planets being composed of silicate rocks. Some extrasolar planet candidates that may be composed mainly of iron are KOI-1843 b,[5] Kepler-70b and Kepler-10b. iron planet A planet which in primarily composed of an iron-rich core with little to no mantle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet Mercury is the largest iron planet in the Solar System, the other terrestrial planets being composed of silicate rocks. Some extrasolar planet candidates that may be composed mainly of iron are KOI-1843 b,[5] Kepler-70b and Kepler-10b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_planet ENVO:01001143 A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. This class of planets is still mostly theoretical, however, lava planets are thought plausible shortly after a terrestrial planet is formed, soon after a terrestrial planet has suffered a large collision event, or if a terrestrial planet is orbiting very close to its star, causing intense irradiation and tidal forces. Likely lava exoplanets include COROT-7b, Kepler-10b, Alpha Centauri Bb, and Kepler-78b. lava planet A planet which has a surface layer that nearly completely or completely covered by lava, and which has a substantial portion of its mass composed of lava. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet This class of planets is still mostly theoretical, however, lava planets are thought plausible shortly after a terrestrial planet is formed, soon after a terrestrial planet has suffered a large collision event, or if a terrestrial planet is orbiting very close to its star, causing intense irradiation and tidal forces. Likely lava exoplanets include COROT-7b, Kepler-10b, Alpha Centauri Bb, and Kepler-78b. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lava_planet ENVO:01001144 A terrestrial planet which has a mass smaller than Earth's, such that 1) it lacks a magnetic field strong enough to shield its atmosphere from erosion by stellar wind and 2) it has comparatively short periods of geological activity unless it is subject to gravitational tidal forces from a much more massive object. The first sub-Earths were discovered by the Kepler Orbiting Observatory space telescope on 2012-01-10, orbiting the star Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of less than 1 Earth radius, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. sub-Earth A terrestrial planet which has a mass smaller than Earth's, such that 1) it lacks a magnetic field strong enough to shield its atmosphere from erosion by stellar wind and 2) it has comparatively short periods of geological activity unless it is subject to gravitational tidal forces from a much more massive object. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Earth The first sub-Earths were discovered by the Kepler Orbiting Observatory space telescope on 2012-01-10, orbiting the star Kepler-42. As of June 2014, Kepler has 45 confirmed planets that are smaller than Earth, with 17 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. In addition, there are over 310 planet candidates with an estimated radius of less than 1 Earth radius, with 135 of them being smaller than 0.8 Earth radii. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Earth ENVO:01001145 A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. cthonian planet This class is largely theoretical, however, some likely candidates exist. HD 209458 b and Gliese 436b are examples of a gas giants that are in the process of having their atmospheres stripped away. COROT-7b is the first exoplanet found that might be chthonian. chthonian planet A planet which is formed as a result of a gas giant's hydrogen and helium atmosphere, as well as its outer layers, being stripped away by a stellar wind through photoevaporation and hydrodynamic escape. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet This class is largely theoretical, however, some likely candidates exist. HD 209458 b and Gliese 436b are examples of a gas giants that are in the process of having their atmospheres stripped away. COROT-7b is the first exoplanet found that might be chthonian. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet ENVO:01001146 A process during which energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source. This process is responsible for the stripping away of gases from the atmosphere of planets and related bodies by acceleration on interaction with high energy photons and other electromagnetic radiation. photoevaporation A process during which energetic radiation ionises gas and causes it to disperse away from the ionising source. arXiv:1604.05220 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chthonian_planet#cite_note-4 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoevaporation ENVO:01001147 A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. The placement of this class assumes that some traces of hydrogen are left in the atmosphere. If this is not the case, the axiom on gas planet must be updated. A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. helium planet A gas planet which has an atmosphere composed primarily of helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet A helium planet might form via hydrogen evaporation from a gaseous planet orbiting close to a star. Low-mass white dwarfs may transition into objects which are essentially helium planets by hydrogen depletion through mass transfer to a massive object such as a neutron star. Gliese 436 b is a candidate helium planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium_planet ENVO:01001148 An astronomical body which 1) is held together by its own gravity, 2) can attract other, similar bodies through mutual gravitational influence, and 3) has orbital dynamics that are not significantly affected by gas drag. In the Solar nebula, planetesimals are usually larger than approximately 1 kilometer. planetesimal An astronomical body which 1) is held together by its own gravity, 2) can attract other, similar bodies through mutual gravitational influence, and 3) has orbital dynamics that are not significantly affected by gas drag. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal In the Solar nebula, planetesimals are usually larger than approximately 1 kilometer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetesimal ENVO:01001149 An astronomical object that forms within a protoplanetary disc when planetesimals and other solid debris aggregate and, due to gravitational forces, fuse and initiate internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. State that this is derived from a collection of planetesimals. planetary embryo Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets. The exact sequence of events which lead to planetary formation from protoplanets is not fully understood. protoplanet An astronomical object that forms within a protoplanetary disc when planetesimals and other solid debris aggregate and, due to gravitational forces, fuse and initiate internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanet Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets. The exact sequence of events which lead to planetary formation from protoplanets is not fully understood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanet ENVO:01001150 An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. protoplanetary disk An astronomical object which is composed of dense gas and dust rotating around a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or a Herbig Ae/Be star in a disk-shaped configuration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk ENVO:01001151 A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. ionized protoplanetary disk proplyd A protoplanetary disk which is externally illuminated and undergoing photoevaporation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proplyd https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk ENVO:01001152 A planet which is smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. mesoplanet A planet which is smaller than Mercury but larger than Ceres. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoplanet ENVO:01001153 A planet which orbits two stars. Because of the short orbits of some binary stars, the only way for planets to form is by forming outside the orbit of the two stars. circumbinary planet A planet which orbits two stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet Because of the short orbits of some binary stars, the only way for planets to form is by forming outside the orbit of the two stars. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet ENVO:01001154 A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust volatile Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. volatile astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds with relatively low boiling points, equilibrium condensation temperatures below 1300 Kelvin, and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles Examples include nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen, methane and sulfur dioxide. In astrogeology, these compounds, in their solid state, often comprise large proportions of the crusts of moons and dwarf planets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles ENVO:01001155 An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. gas This is a term native to the fields of planetary science and astrophysics. Hydrogen has a boiling point of 20.271 Kelvin and a melting point of 13.99 Kelvin. Helium has a boiling point of 4.222 Kelvin and a melting point of 0.95 Kelvin. astrogeological gas An astrogeological volatile which is composed primarily of chemical compounds with boiling points around those of hydrogen and helium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatiles ENVO:01001156 A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds which have equilibrium condensation temperatures above approximately 1300 Kelvin and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. Add and axiomatise with moon and lunar crust refractory material The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. refractory astrogeological material A material which is composed primarily of chemical elements and compounds which have equilibrium condensation temperatures above approximately 1300 Kelvin and which are part of the crust or atmosphere of a moon or planet. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science) The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_(planetary_science) ENVO:01001157 A process during which gases that constitute a planetary atmosphere escape that planet's gravitational field and move away into outer space. atmospheric escape A process during which gases that constitute a planetary atmosphere escape that planet's gravitational field and move away into outer space. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape ENVO:01001158 An atmospheric escape process during which atoms that are parts of a planetary atmosphere escape into outer space through numerous collisions with lighter atoms in that atmosphere. hydrodynamic escape An atmospheric escape process during which atoms that are parts of a planetary atmosphere escape into outer space through numerous collisions with lighter atoms in that atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape ENVO:01001159 A cloud which is cirriform and is formed by condensation events centred on an aircraft's contrail. cirrus homogenitus cloud A cloud which is cirriform and is formed by condensation events centred on an aircraft's contrail. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/homogenitus.html ENVO:01001160 A cloud which 1) has been shaped into detached fibrous filaments, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Ci (Eis)-Federwolke Cirruswolke Zirruswolke When present in aggregates, individual cirrus clouds are organised in patches or narrow bands. When organised in sheets of fibres they can give a silky sheen. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cirrus clouds appear white or mostly white. Absence of any precipitation. cirrus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into detached fibrous filaments, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001161 OBSOLETE A cloud which created in error obsolete newCloud true OBSOLETE A cloud which https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001162 An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. strict nature reserve IUCN-PACS:Ia Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Previous anthropogenic impacts (e.g. by early human settlement) may be present in these sites; these should be reversible by either natural processes or brief restorative interventions. Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. IUCN strict nature reserve An IUCN protected area in which human visitation, use and impacts are strictly controlled and limited to ensure protection and conservation of natural biodiversity and/or geodiversity, natural ecosystem assemblages and processes, and any associated cultural and spiritual values. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve strict nature reserve https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve IUCN-PACS:Ia https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Previous anthropogenic impacts (e.g. by early human settlement) may be present in these sites; these should be reversible by either natural processes or brief restorative interventions. Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ia-strict-nature-reserve ENVO:01001163 An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation. IUCN-PACS:Ib wilderness area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas exclude permanent built infrastructure, activities by extractive industries, commercial or intensive agriculture, extensive access by motor vehicles, unregulated visitation supported by any infrastructure, as well as other activities that may lead to significant ecosystem perturbations. IUCN wilderness area An IUCN protected area which 1) is dominated by natural ecosystems, 2) is sufficiently large to allow those ecosystems to function and develop without local anthropogenic perturbation, 3) is managed to prevent perturbations by proximate or local anthropisation, including those caused by local and/or indigenous human communities or human visitation. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area IUCN-PACS:Ib https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area wilderness area https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. These areas exclude permanent built infrastructure, activities by extractive industries, commercial or intensive agriculture, extensive access by motor vehicles, unregulated visitation supported by any infrastructure, as well as other activities that may lead to significant ecosystem perturbations. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area ENVO:01001164 A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. geodiversity A quality which inheres in a astronomical body or astronomical body part by virtue of the variation in its material composition, participation in geological processes, and the variation in is land- and hydroforms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodiversity Materials which are usually assessed when appraising geodiversity include minerals, rocks, sediments, fossils, soils and water. Landforms factored into geodiversity metrics typically include folds, faults, and other expressions of morphology or relations between units of earth material. Natural processes that are included in measures of geodiversity are those which either maintain or change materials or geoforms, including tectonics, sediment transport, and pedogenesis. Geodiversity does not usually factor in anthropogenic entities. ENVO:01001165 An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). IUCN-PACS:III natural monument Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Further, note that the use of "natural" in the IUCN definition may allow for some anthropisation such as the presence of cave dwellings or spiritual sites. These areas tend to be smaller than other IUCN protected areas and are sites of frequent human visitation and high tourism value. They often serve to conserve natural heritage in land- or seascapes which have otherwise been anthropised. Frequently, these areas have high spiritual and cultural value as well as bio- and geodiversity value. It is not clear what would happen to the status of a IUCN Category III protected area if its key natural monument dies or degrades. IUCN acknowledges that larger ecosystem areas may need protection or management to sustain the area given Category III protection. IUCN natural monument or feature An IUCN protected area which includes a primarily natural formation designated to be of high natural heritage value and the environmental systems which it determines (e.g. the spray zone of a waterfall monument). https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature IUCN-PACS:III https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Further, note that the use of "natural" in the IUCN definition may allow for some anthropisation such as the presence of cave dwellings or spiritual sites. These areas tend to be smaller than other IUCN protected areas and are sites of frequent human visitation and high tourism value. They often serve to conserve natural heritage in land- or seascapes which have otherwise been anthropised. Frequently, these areas have high spiritual and cultural value as well as bio- and geodiversity value. It is not clear what would happen to the status of a IUCN Category III protected area if its key natural monument dies or degrades. IUCN acknowledges that larger ecosystem areas may need protection or management to sustain the area given Category III protection. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iii-natural-monument-or-feature ENVO:01001166 An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. Clarify what is encompassed by floral and faunal. Do microbial and fungal species (e.g. of importance to many marine systems) fall within these categories? Further, create subclasses for habitat and species conservation separately. habitat management area IUCN-PACS:IV species management area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note that many Category IV sites require frequent interventions to maintain habitats for the species conserved, particularly as many of these areas are ecosystem fragments which are unable to sustain themselves. Additionally, many are used for public outreach, education, and recreation, implying regular human visitation. What qualifies a species as important is variable and often ill-defined. IUCN habitat/species management area An IUCN protected area within which the habitats of or ecosystems used by floral and faunal species deemed to be of international, national, or local importance are maintained, conserved, or restored such that their composition and functional integrity are maintained. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area IUCN-PACS:IV https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note that many Category IV sites require frequent interventions to maintain habitats for the species conserved, particularly as many of these areas are ecosystem fragments which are unable to sustain themselves. Additionally, many are used for public outreach, education, and recreation, implying regular human visitation. What qualifies a species as important is variable and often ill-defined. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area ENVO:01001167 An ecosystem which has been causally isolated from a larger ecosystem within which it was previously embedded, such that the direct exchange of materials, resources, and energy between these systems is severely or entirely curtailed. Often, ecosystem fragments are unable to sustain themselves without human intervention and management as they are not large enough to perform self-sustaining functions (e.g. nutrient recycling) or hold sufficient ecological resources such as genetic diversity of populations. ecosystem fragment ENVO:01001168 A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. ecosystem fragmentation process A process during which one or more parts of an ecosystem become causally isolated such that the direct flow or exchange of materials, resources, and energy between a given fragment and the remainder of the original system is severely curtailed or entirely halted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_fragmentation ENVO:01001169 A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Axiomatise with SDGIO classes once available: https://github.com/SDG-InterfaceOntology/sdgio/issues/114 IUCN protected area The international recognition of an area as an IUCN protected area generally depends on the assigning government or authority reporting its assignments to the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. area protected according to IUCN guidelines A protected area in which management objectives have been declared, by a local governing body or authority, to adhere to the guidelines set forth by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_assignment_1.pdf The international recognition of an area as an IUCN protected area generally depends on the assigning government or authority reporting its assignments to the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre. https://www.iucn.org/sites/dev/files/import/downloads/iucn_assignment_1.pdf ENVO:01001170 A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. ecosystem management Umweltmaßnahme environmental management active ecosystem management process A process during which an ecosystem, its parts, or the processes it participates in are modified by human intervention to accomplish an objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas ENVO:01001171 An active management process which has the conservation of an ecosystem, or a part thereof, as its primary objective. Umweltschutz conservation action conservation process nature conservation conservation-focused active ecosystem management process An active management process which has the conservation of an ecosystem, or a part thereof, as its primary objective. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-iv-habitatspecies-management-area Umweltschutz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 www.awi.de/internas ENVO:01001172 An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. IUCN-PACS:V Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. The IUCN note that the integrity of balanced natural and anthropogenic ecosystems may be compromised in some Category V areas, as long as "there is reasonable hope of restoring that integrity". IUCN protected landscape/seascape An IUCN protected area which 1) includes entities that have been deemed to be of high scenic quality, 2) is composed of a historically stable assemblage of causally interlinked natural and anthropised ecosystems that provides cultural ecosystem services, and 3) hosts traditional and sustainable human activities. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape IUCN-PACS:V https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. The IUCN note that the integrity of balanced natural and anthropogenic ecosystems may be compromised in some Category V areas, as long as "there is reasonable hope of restoring that integrity". https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-v-protected-landscapeseascape ENVO:01001173 A fiat object part which contains entities of high spiritual or cultural significance to one or more human groups. sacred site ENVO:01001174 A process during which an ecosystem fragment loses its system integrity, with many of its resident ecological populations 1) losing their habitats, 2) undergoing a loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and 3) undergoing a subsequent genetic destabilisation through inbreeding. This process may be caused by direct anthropisation (i.e. the fragmentation of ecosystems due to the establishment of cropland) or by more natural events such as forest fires or erosion of land bridges. ecosystem decay A process during which an ecosystem fragment loses its system integrity, with many of its resident ecological populations 1) losing their habitats, 2) undergoing a loss of functional and phylogenetic diversity, and 3) undergoing a subsequent genetic destabilisation through inbreeding. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_decay ENVO:01001175 An ecosystem fragmentation process during which discontinuities emerge in the habitats of one or more ecological populations. habitat fragmentation process An ecosystem fragmentation process during which discontinuities emerge in the habitats of one or more ecological populations. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_fragmentation ENVO:01001176 An environment which has its properties and composition largely determined by the presence of a metazoan which lacks a vetebral column and which has a habitat that is found in an aquatic environmental system. http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 environment associated with an aquatic invertebrate http://purl.jp/bio/11/meo/MEO_0000871 Not currently live, may need to be switched to alternative PURLs. ENVO:01001177 Land which is regularly manipulated by human activities, such as plowing or tilling, in order to grow crops. Consider moving axioms to the quality 'arable' directly. The discontinuous quality on tillage can likely be improved or refined. Also, add axioms for ploughing once it is added to AgrO: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/34 arable land Land which is regularly manipulated by human activities, such as plowing or tilling, in order to grow crops. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Arable_land https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land ENVO:01001178 Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. See this issue for requests regarding surrounding semantics of grazing: https://github.com/AgriculturalSemantics/agro/issues/32 pasturable land Land which hosts a community of herbaceous plants - such as grasses and forbs - upon which animals may graze. ENVO:01001179 An environmental system determined by a cnidarian or part of a cnidarian. cnidarian-associated environment ENVO:01001180 An environment which has its properties and composition determined by a portion of Bondon cheese. This class was cross-axiomatised with FOODON, but recent changes in FOODON's alignment (e.g. Bondon cheese as a subclass of an information artifact) have caused reasoning errors. We await FOODON to stabilise these semantics before attempting a reimport and will work with them to this end. Bondon cheese environment ENVO:01001181 A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris rhizoplane A surface layer which is composed of the external surface of a root, together with closely adhering soil particles and debris https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rhizoplane ENVO:01001182 Pasturable land which is maintained by human activities in order to provide grazing oppoturnities for livestock. tended pasturable land Pasturable land which is maintained by human activities in order to provide grazing oppoturnities for livestock. ENVO:01001183 Land which either hosts plant communities upon which animals may graze has been manipulated by tilling, ploughing, or other human activity for the purposes of seed sowing or planting crops. Add semantics to support "land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category." http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_18948.html http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/4448 This class does not refer to the land that is potenitally cultivable, only referencing land that is being managed for cultivation. This class has been created to support the FAO definition of arable lands in FAOSTAT. arable or pasturable land This class does not refer to the land that is potenitally cultivable, only referencing land that is being managed for cultivation. This class has been created to support the FAO definition of arable lands in FAOSTAT. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land ENVO:01001184 A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part. arable A quality inhereing in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being periodically and mechanically manipulated to loosen and mix any soil which it has as a part. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land ENVO:01001185 Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic soil Soil which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid ENVO:01001186 Volcanic ash which has increased levels of molecules or ions capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion) to other chemical entities, or, alternatively, capable of forming covalent bonds with other chemicals via the acceptance of an electron pair, resulting in a bulk pH measurement of less than 7. acidic volcanic ash ENVO:01001187 A digestive tract environment which has its properties and dynamics determined by the digestive tract of an echinoderm from the class Holothuroidea. sea cucumber gut sea cucumber digestive tract holothurian digestive tract A digestive tract environment which has its properties and dynamics determined by the digestive tract of an echinoderm from the class Holothuroidea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_cucumber ENVO:01001188 A bodily fluid which is present in the digestive tract of a member of the Holothuroidea. holothurian digestive tract contents ENVO:01001189 This class will be axiomatised with "alga" once an approach to handle this term's ambiguous semantics has been agreed with PCO. An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. algal material An organic material which is primarily composed of living or dead algae, along with their exudates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae ENVO:01001190 Sea ice which has a brown colouration, either due to 1) the presence of pigments which are or were contained in the members of ecological assemblages, such as algal communities, living or trapped within the ice or 2) due to the presence of trapped sediments. brownish colored sea ice brown sea ice Sea ice which has a brown colouration, either due to 1) the presence of pigments which are or were contained in the members of ecological assemblages, such as algal communities, living or trapped within the ice or 2) due to the presence of trapped sediments. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.04.010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122418 https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/564 ENVO:01001191 The surface layer of a volume of water. EcoLexicon:surface_water SWEETRealm:SurfaceWater https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water surface of a body of water water body surface water surface ENVO:01001192 The surface layer of a mass of sediment. surface of a sedimentary mass surface sediment sediment surface ENVO:01001193 A liquid planetary surface which is composed primarily of water. This includes the surface layers of all volumes of water exposed to space or the planet's atmosphere. water-based planetary surface A liquid planetary surface which is composed primarily of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface ENVO:01001194 A site in which charged particles are influenced by an astronomical body's magnetic field. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. Magentospheres are generated by the motion of active hot iron and nickle or metallic planetary cores or by the interactions of plasma in stars.. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical bodies resembles that of a dipole. The field lines farther away from the surface can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma emitted from a nearby star. The structure and behaviour of magnetospheres depend on numerous variables, including the type of astronomical body which generates it, the period of the object's spin, the properties of the axis about which the object spins, the axis of the magnetic dipole, and the magnitude and direction of the flow of stellar wind. magnetosphere A site in which charged particles are influenced by an astronomical body's magnetic field. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere Magentospheres are generated by the motion of active hot iron and nickle or metallic planetary cores or by the interactions of plasma in stars.. The magnetic field near the surface of many astronomical bodies resembles that of a dipole. The field lines farther away from the surface can be significantly distorted by the flow of electrically conducting plasma emitted from a nearby star. The structure and behaviour of magnetospheres depend on numerous variables, including the type of astronomical body which generates it, the period of the object's spin, the properties of the axis about which the object spins, the axis of the magnetic dipole, and the magnitude and direction of the flow of stellar wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere ENVO:01001195 An environmental disposition which inheres in an entity that intercepts, attenuates, or blocks radiation. radiation shielding disposition ENVO:01001196 A radiation shielding disposition which inheres in a material or immaterial entity which attenuates or blocks cosmic rays. cosmic ray shielding disposition A radiation shielding disposition which inheres in a material or immaterial entity which attenuates or blocks cosmic rays. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_ray https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere ENVO:01001197 A magnetosphere which either 1) cannot withstand the pressure of the stellar wind interacting with it, thus allowing the stellar wind to interact with the ionosphere, atmosphere, or surface of the planet generating it or 2) is formed by the interaction of the stellar wind with an astronomical body unshielded by its own magnetosphere. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. induced magnetosphere A magnetosphere which either 1) cannot withstand the pressure of the stellar wind interacting with it, thus allowing the stellar wind to interact with the ionosphere, atmosphere, or surface of the planet generating it or 2) is formed by the interaction of the stellar wind with an astronomical body unshielded by its own magnetosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere ENVO:01001198 A magnetosphere which shields the body generating it from the stellar wind by withstanding the stellar wind's pressure before it reaches the body. The original definition referenced astronomical objects, however, the text suggests that reference to an astronomical body is more accurate. intrinsic magnetosphere A magnetosphere which shields the body generating it from the stellar wind by withstanding the stellar wind's pressure before it reaches the body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetosphere ENVO:01001199 An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it. terrestrial environmental zone ENVO:01001200 A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities. anthropised terrestrial environmental zone ENVO:01001201 An astronomical body part which is part of a marine environment. This class will eventually be populated by inference alone, with its subclasses distributed in more process-linked hierarchies to improve semantic density. marine environmental zone ENVO:01001202 Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. alluvium Soil or sediment which has been eroded and influenced by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium ENVO:01001203 Sediment which has been transported by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. alluvial sediment Sediment which has been transported by flowing water and redeposited in a non-marine setting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_soil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium ENVO:01001204 A rock which is formed as a result of the lithification of alluvium. alluvial deposit A rock which is formed as a result of the lithification of alluvium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvium ENVO:01001205 A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. lithification A process during which sediments compact under pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithification ENVO:01001206 An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. EcoLexicon:grassland FTT:259 FTT:760 FTT:766 Geonames:V.GRSLD LTER:232 TGN:21604 TGN:54052 GRASSLAND grassland Grassland down downland downs glade grazing area herbaceous area grassland ecosystem An ecosystem in which grasses (Graminae) are the dominant form of vegetation and determine the system's structure and dynamics. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland GRASSLAND USGS:SDTS grassland Geonames:feature Grassland NASA:earthrealm down USGS:SDTS downland USGS:SDTS downs USGS:SDTS glade ADL:FTT glade USGS:SDTS grazing area ADL:FTT grazing area Getty:TGN herbaceous area USGS:SDTS ENVO:01001207 An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. FTT:45 FTT:58 FTT:59 FTT:69 Geonames:S.RNCH ranch ranch An area of land used for the herding and grazing of livestock. USGS:SDTS ranch Geonames:feature ranch USGS:SDTS ENVO:01001208 An area of wetland which overlaps a swamp ecosystem. swamp area An area of wetland which overlaps a swamp ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp ENVO:01001209 A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. EcoLexicon:wetland FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:H.WTLD LTER:630 SPIRE:Bog SWEETRealm:Wetland TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND Wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands moor morass muskeg wetland ecosystem A terrestrial ecosystem which is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances does support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS ENVO:01001210 A planned process during which an environmental system is modified to mitigate or nullify the impacts of flooding. defense against flooding defence against floods defense against floods flood defence flood defence intervention flood defense flood defense intervention defence against flooding ENVO:01001211 An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. NCIT:C44445 solar radiation stellar radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance solar radiation NCIT:C44445 ENVO:01001212 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. microwave solar radiation ENVO This definition focuses on the properties of microwaves rather than their wavelength or frequency limits. Considerable ambiguity exists around the wavelength and frequency thresholds of microwaves. The ISO 21348 definition bounds these waves at 1 mm and 15 mm, with frequencies between 100 GHz and 0.225 GHz. microwave stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave ENVO:01001213 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. radio wave solar radiation ENVO As with microwaves, considerable variation exists in the delimitation of frequency and wavelength thresholds for radiowaves. The ISO 21348 standard allows a wavelength range of 0.10 mm to 100 m and a frequency range of 300 GHz to 3 MHz. However, much lower thresholds also exist. radio wave stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_wave ENVO:01001214 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. infrared radiation infra-red stellar radiation infrared solar radiation IR stellar radiation infrared stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared ENVO:01001215 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. optical stellar radiation visible spectrum solar radiation ENVO visible spectrum stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. ENVO:01001216 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. To be expanded to account for subtypes. NCIT:C17231 ultraviolet solar radiation ENVO ultraviolet stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ENVO:01001217 A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. x ray stellar radiation X-ray solar radiation ENVO Ambiguity exists in the definition of x-rays and their differentiation from gamma rays. Photons with sufficient energy to be classified as x-rays may be emitted by other processes than electrons falling to lower energy states. Most x-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray Ambiguity exists in the definition of x-rays and their differentiation from gamma rays. Photons with sufficient energy to be classified as x-rays may be emitted by other processes than electrons falling to lower energy states. Most x-rays have wavelengths ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range of 100 eV to 100 keV. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray#Energy_ranges ENVO:01001218 A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. gamma-ray solar radiation Ambiguity exists in the definition of gamma rays. As a rule of thumb, gamma rays have energies above 100 keV, frequencies above 10 exahertz, and wavelengths less than 10 picometers. However, regardless of the energy released, electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays". In astronomy, however, gamma rays are defined by their energy, and no production process needs to be specified. gamma-ray stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray Ambiguity exists in the definition of gamma rays. As a rule of thumb, gamma rays have energies above 100 keV, frequencies above 10 exahertz, and wavelengths less than 10 picometers. However, regardless of the energy released, electromagnetic radiation from radioactive decay of atomic nuclei is referred to as "gamma rays". In astronomy, however, gamma rays are defined by their energy, and no production process needs to be specified. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray ENVO:01001219 A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. ionising stellar radiation ionising solar radiation ENVO ionizing stellar radiation A stellar radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a star with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance ENVO:01001220 A process during which liquid water accumulates in a site, most often in some form of container. water accumulation process ENVO:01001221 A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." office building A commercial building which contains parts used as workplaces primarily for administrative and managerial workers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings "An office building will be divided into sections for different companies or may be dedicated to one company. In either case, each company will typically have a reception area, one or several meeting rooms, singular or open-plan offices, as well as toilets." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings ENVO:01001222 A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." commercial building A building which is primarily used to facilitate the buying or selling of goods or services. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building "Commerce includes legal, economic, political, social, cultural and technological systems that are in operation in any country or internationally." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commerce ENVO:01001223 A process during which wood is processed into beams or planks. lumber production timber production timber production process lumber production process A process during which wood is processed into beams or planks. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumber ENVO:01001224 A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. office A building part within which administrative work is done by an organisations users in order to support and realise the objectives of that organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office#Office_buildings ENVO:01001225 An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. protected area with sustainable use of natural resources IUCN-PACS:VI Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note, that the IUCN recommends that a proportion of the area is retained in a natural condition (e.g. a no-take management zone). As this is a recommendation rather than a rule, this ENVO class does not include IUCN categories with strict conservation regimes as necessary parts. An emphasis is placed on the integration of cultural approaches, belief systems and world-views possessed by human populations in and around the protected area into the conservation approaches used. Further, these areas host activities which facilitate scientific research, environmental monitoring, recreation, and "appropriate" small-scale tourism. IUCN protected area with sustainable use of natural resources An IUCN protected area within which 1) natural ecosystems and their resources are either conserved or used through non-industrial human activities, 2) usage activites contribute to conservation goals, ensuring inter-generational security for local communities' livelihoods, and 3) the majority of benefits derived from the use of ecosystems are received by communities living near or in the area. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area protected area with sustainable use of natural resources https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area IUCN-PACS:VI https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area Note that this ENVO class is not authoritative: see the associated IUCN references for a complete definition of all Protected Areas. Note, that the IUCN recommends that a proportion of the area is retained in a natural condition (e.g. a no-take management zone). As this is a recommendation rather than a rule, this ENVO class does not include IUCN categories with strict conservation regimes as necessary parts. An emphasis is placed on the integration of cultural approaches, belief systems and world-views possessed by human populations in and around the protected area into the conservation approaches used. Further, these areas host activities which facilitate scientific research, environmental monitoring, recreation, and "appropriate" small-scale tourism. https://www.iucn.org/theme/protected-areas/about/protected-areas-categories/category-ib-wilderness-area ENVO:01001226 A natural environment which is located on a land mass. terrestrial natural environment ENVO:01001227 A natural environment which is within a water body. aquatic natural environment ENVO:01001228 A site in which the attraction of satellites by gravitation is dominated by an astronomical body, bounded by a zero-velocity surface. Roche sphere Hill sphere QCR: 'process has causal agent' max 1 'astronomical body' A site in which the attraction of satellites by gravitation is dominated by an astronomical body, bounded by a zero-velocity surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_sphere 2 ENVO:01001229 A site in which the combined gravitational pull of the two large astronomical bodies is such that a smaller body, affected only by gravity, can maintain a stable position relative to those two large bodies and orbit with them due to centripetal force. L-points Lagrange points libration points Lagrangian point A site in which the combined gravitational pull of the two large astronomical bodies is such that a smaller body, affected only by gravity, can maintain a stable position relative to those two large bodies and orbit with them due to centripetal force. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_point ENVO:01001230 A marginal sea biome which is located in a region with a tropical climate. A class which is complementary to the WWF Temperate Shelf and Seas ecoregions grouping tropical marginal sea biome ENVO:01001231 Organic material which is in a solid phase and contained in sedimentary rock. kerogen Organic material which is in a solid phase and contained in sedimentary rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001232 Kerogen which cotains alginite, amorphous organic matter, cyanobacteria, freshwater algae, and land plant resins, thus having a hydrogen to carbon ratio above 1.25, and oxygen to carbon ratio below 0.15, readily produces liquid hydrocarbons, has reduced concentrations of aromatic structures, and primarily derived from proteins and lipids. sapropelic kerogen Kerogen which cotains alginite, amorphous organic matter, cyanobacteria, freshwater algae, and land plant resins, thus having a hydrogen to carbon ratio above 1.25, and oxygen to carbon ratio below 0.15, readily produces liquid hydrocarbons, has reduced concentrations of aromatic structures, and primarily derived from proteins and lipids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001233 Kerogen from which heavy hydrocarbons (such as oils) are derived following chemical break down. labile kerogen Kerogen from which heavy hydrocarbons (such as oils) are derived following chemical break down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001234 Kerogen from which light hydrocarbons (such as hydrocarbon gases) are derived following chemical break down. recalcitrant kerogen Kerogen from which light hydrocarbons (such as hydrocarbon gases) are derived following chemical break down. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001235 Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments. planktonic kerogen Kerogen which is enriched in sulfur compounds, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1.25, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 and 0.18, derives into mixtures of hydrocarbon gas and oil, and derives from marine organic materials (primarily lipids) which are formed in reducing environments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001236 Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. sulfrous kerogen Planktonic kerogen which has high concentrations of sulfur compounds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001237 Kerogen which derives from land plants, resembles wood or coral in structure, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 to 0.3, and which primarily produces coal or hydrocarbon gas on degradation. humic kerogen Kerogen which derives from land plants, resembles wood or coral in structure, has a hydrogen to carbon ratio under 1, an oxygen to carbon ratio between 0.03 to 0.3, and which primarily produces coal or hydrocarbon gas on degradation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001238 Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. residual kerogen Kerogen which has a hydrogen to carbon ratio less than 0.5 and primarily composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerogen ENVO:01001239 EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy forest canopy ENVO:01001240 A canopy which is part of a woodland ecosystem. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy woodland canopy ENVO:01001241 A canopy which is composed of the aboveground portion, or crowns, of a community of crop plants. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy crop canopy ENVO:01001242 A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. EcoLexicon:canopy LTER:82 SWEETRealm:Canopy false canopy A vegetation layer which is formed by a collection of individual plant crowns, themselves constituting part of the aboveground portion of a plant community. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canopy_%28biology%29 ENVO:01001243 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. forest ecosystem The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome. forest An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities form continuous or discontinuous regions of canopy cover. http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/ap862e/ap862e00.pdf https://www1.usgs.gov/csas/nvcs/nvcsGetUnitDetails?elementGlobalId=860217 ENVO:01001244 An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. cropland ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) is determined by communities of annual crops, perennial woody crops, or by actively tilled land, 2) is primarily used for agricultural activity, and 3) contains no village or larger human settlement. ENVO:01001245 An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. The correct usage of FLOPO terms in the axiomatisation needs to be confirmed. Woodland understories are often populated with communities of shrubs and herbaceous plants including grasses. There are varying distinctions between woodland and forest, with a large degree of ambiguity. woodland ecosystem An ecosystem which is determined by communities of plants with a tree growth form and in which members of those communities are spaced sufficiently far apart to allow sunlight to illuminate the understory. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland ENVO:01001246 A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture agricultural process A process during which humans rear animals or plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001247 An agricultural process during which humans rear plants on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agronomy agronomic process An agricultural process during which humans rear plants on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001248 An agricultural process during which humans rear animals on land for harvest and consumption. Expand the sites of occurrence listed as axioms as new terms emerge. agriculture animal husbandry An agricultural process during which humans rear animals on land for harvest and consumption. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001249 An aquaculture process during which humans rear crustaceans. crustacean aquaculture aquaculture of crustaceans crustacean farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear crustaceans. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001250 An aquaculture process during which humans rear finfish. finfish aquaculture aquaculture of finfish finfish farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear finfish. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001251 An aquaculture process during which humans rear molluscs. mollusc aquaculture aquaculture of molluscs mollusc farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear molluscs. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001252 An aquaculture process during which humans rear seaweed. seaweed aquaculture aquaculture of seaweed seaweed farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear seaweed. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001253 An aquaculture process during which humans rear freshwater macrophytes. freshwater macrophyte aquaculture aquaculture of freshwater macrophytes freshwater macrophyte farming process An aquaculture process during which humans rear freshwater macrophytes. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001254 An aquaculture process during which humans rear animals. animal aquaculture aquaculture of animals animal aquaculture process An aquaculture process during which humans rear animals. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001255 An aquaculture process during which humans rear plants. This is unlikely to be limited to Viridiplantae, better axiomatisation should be sought in revisions. plant aquaculture aquaculture of plants plant aquaculture process An aquaculture process during which humans rear plants. http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 ENVO:01001256 A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body. "Shrimp" is a common language term that may refer to multiple crustacean species, typically in the groups Caridea or Dendrobranchiatamarine. These may be marine or freshwater organisms. coastal shrimp pond A shrimp pond which is embedded in a coastal water body. http://www.fao.org/3/contents/76b2641d-29e4-51b0-b9e5-6ca46beb0d9f/AC210E02.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/x6941e/x6941e04.htm#bm04 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimp_farming ENVO:01001257 Saline water which is derived from sea water and used during the cultivation of crustaceans. saline shrimp pond water ENVO:01001258 A fog which is composed of liquid aerosols and gases derived from volcanic gas emissions (primarily sulfur oxides), formed when sulfur-bearing gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture in an atmosphere. "Vog and smog are different. Vog is formed when sulfur oxides emitted by a volcano react with moisture to form an aerosol. The aerosol scatters light, thus making the vog visible. Smog is formed largely from the incomplete combustion of fuel, reacting with nitrogen oxides and ozone produced from carbon monoxide by reactions with sunlight. The result is also a visible aerosol." vog A fog which is composed of liquid aerosols and gases derived from volcanic gas emissions (primarily sulfur oxides), formed when sulfur-bearing gases react with sunlight, oxygen, and moisture in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vog "Vog and smog are different. Vog is formed when sulfur oxides emitted by a volcano react with moisture to form an aerosol. The aerosol scatters light, thus making the vog visible. Smog is formed largely from the incomplete combustion of fuel, reacting with nitrogen oxides and ozone produced from carbon monoxide by reactions with sunlight. The result is also a visible aerosol." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vog ENVO:01001259 A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage. transport of waste to a designated storage site A process during which materials deemed to be waste are removed from a site and transported to another site designated for its storage. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ ENVO:01001260 A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. Abfallentsorgungsprozess proceso de eliminación de residuos processo di smaltimento rifiuti waste disposal process A process during which materials deemed to be waste are transported away from a site. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ ENVO:01001261 A waste disposal process during which the feces of human children is transported to a designated storage site. child feces disposal transport of child feces to a designated site A waste disposal process during which the feces of human children is transported to a designated storage site. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ ENVO:01001262 A process during which materials used in a household and deemed to be waste are removed from the housing unit and transported to another site designated for its storage. household waste disposal transport of household waste to a designated storage site A process during which materials used in a household and deemed to be waste are removed from the housing unit and transported to another site designated for its storage. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ ENVO:01001263 A site which has been designated as a place where humans may defecate. defecation area area designated for human defecation A site which has been designated as a place where humans may defecate. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ ENVO:01001264 A site which has been designated for the storage of waste material. waste disposal site waste storage site area designated for waste storage A site which has been designated for the storage of waste material. https://eupathdb.org/eupathdb/ ENVO:01001265 An environmental pollution process during which the temperature of an environmental system, or parts thereof, is raised above its natural levels. thermal pollution An environmental pollution process during which the temperature of an environmental system, or parts thereof, is raised above its natural levels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution ENVO:01001266 A thermal pollution process which occurs in a water body or aquatic environment. thermal pollution of an aquatic system A thermal pollution process which occurs in a water body or aquatic environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution ENVO:01001267 Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." stormwater Water which accumulates on a solid surface during precipitation events and snow/ice melt. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater ENVO:01001268 Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. urban storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." urban stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in an urban ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater ENVO:01001269 An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. area of developed space An area of a planet's surface which is primarily covered by constructed or manufactured objects and materials, possibly interspersed with cultivated or anthropically maintained vegetation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosphere https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_surface https://www.mrlc.gov/nlcd11_leg.php ENVO:01001270 Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. rural storm water "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." rural stormwater Stormwater which accumulates in a rural ecosystem. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater "Stormwater can soak into the soil (infiltrate), be held on the surface and evaporate, or runoff and end up in nearby streams, rivers, or other water bodies (surface water)." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater ENVO:01001271 A surface layer through which liquids or gases cannot pass. impermeable surface layer A surface layer through which liquids or gases cannot pass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impervious_surface ENVO:01001272 A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. constructed pavement A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface ENVO:01001273 A layer which is primarily composed of some liquid material. liquid layer ENVO:01001274 A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value. Isosurfaces are not equivalent to a "surface layer" in the sense of overlapping an external boundary. Further, this class is concerned only with material isosurfaces, not with mathematical abstractions. material isosurface A layer throughout which one or more qualities (e.g. pressure, temperature, velocity, density) maintain an approximately constant value. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isosurface ENVO:01001275 A layer which is primarily composed of some solid material, allowing for non-solid parts such as interstitial pockets of gas or liquid. solid layer ENVO:01001276 A solid layer which is primarily composed of some water-based ice. water ice layer ENVO:01001277 A road which is primarily composed of asphalt. asphalt road ENVO:01001278 A road which is primarily composed of concrete. concrete road ENVO:01001279 A constructed pavement which is built on the side of a road and intended for foot traffic. pavement footpath footway "In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park." sidewalk A constructed pavement which is built on the side of a road and intended for foot traffic. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk "In some places, the same term may also be used for a paved path, trail or footpath that is not next to a road, for example, a path through a park." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidewalk ENVO:01001280 A road which is used for local access to one or more structures, and is privately owned and maintained by an individual or group. driveway A road which is used for local access to one or more structures, and is privately owned and maintained by an individual or group. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driveway ENVO:01001281 A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. car lot car park parking lot paved parking lot A constructed pavement which is used for parking vehicles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_lot ENVO:01001282 Dust which is composed primarily of slicon dioxide. silica dust ENVO:01001283 Dust which is primarily composed of aluminium particles. aluminium dust ENVO:01001284 Dust which is primarily composed of barium particles. barium dust ENVO:01001285 Dust which is primarily composed of hydrated magnesium silicate (talc) particles. talc dust ENVO:01001286 Dust which is primarily composed of slate particles. slate dust ENVO:01001287 A fire which occurs in an industrial area or building. industrial fire ENVO:01001288 Dust which is primarily composed of kaolinite particles. kaolinite dust kaolin dust ENVO:01001289 A land fire which consumes low-growing plants such as scrub and brush. brush fire ENVO:01001290 A land fire which occurs in a large uncleared or sparsely settled area (as in Australia) usually scrub-covered or forested. "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush fire ENVO:01001291 A fire which occurs in a pastureland. pasture fire ENVO:01001292 A fire which occurs on land, typically consuming a terrestrial ecosystem as fuel. land fire ENVO:01001293 A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested the bush "Bush" is a rather loosely defined regional term, primarily used in Australia. bush area A vegetated area which has not been cleared or is sparsely settled, usually scrub-covered or forested https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bush#h1 ENVO:01001294 An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. "Convective storms range from localised thunderstorms (with heavy rain and/or hail, lightning, high winds, tornadoes) to meso-scale, multi-day events." convective storm An atmospheric storm which is generated by the heating and convection of moist and unstable air masses. http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Convective_storm http://www.emdat.be/Glossary "Convective storms range from localised thunderstorms (with heavy rain and/or hail, lightning, high winds, tornadoes) to meso-scale, multi-day events." http://www.emdat.be/Glossary ENVO:01001295 A warm-core cyclone which occurs in the middle and high latitudes, primarily drawing energy from horizontal temperature contrasts between atmospheric fronts. mid-latitude cyclone "When associated with cold fronts, extratropical cyclones may be particularly damaging (e.g. European winter/windstorm, Nor’easter)." extra-tropical cyclone A warm-core cyclone which occurs in the middle and high latitudes, primarily drawing energy from horizontal temperature contrasts between atmospheric fronts. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary "When associated with cold fronts, extratropical cyclones may be particularly damaging (e.g. European winter/windstorm, Nor’easter)." http://www.emdat.be/Glossary ENVO:01001296 A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. tropical storm A an atmospheric storm which originates over tropical or subtropical waters and possesses a warm-core, non-frontal synoptic-scale cyclone with a low pressure centre, spiral rain bands and strong winds. http://www.emdat.be/Glossary ENVO:01001297 An atmospheric storm during which a large mass of atmospheric gas rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating high winds which spiral towards that centre. cyclone An atmospheric storm during which a large mass of atmospheric gas rotates around a centre of low atmospheric pressure, generating high winds which spiral towards that centre. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone ENVO:01001298 A cyclone which rotates around an area low atmospheric pressure with increased temperature. warm-core cyclone The threshold of what is "warm" is variable, and thus data-level thresholding should be applied when using this class. warm core cyclone A cyclone which rotates around an area low atmospheric pressure with increased temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone ENVO:01001299 An environmental zone which is part of an atmosphere. atmospheric area atmospheric zone ENVO:01001300 A gaseous part of an atmosphere in which gases have reduced atmospheric pressure. Air is not specified directly (although the definition subsumes air masses) to allow for other forms of low pressure areas in planetary atmospheres. area of low atmospheric pressure ENVO:01001301 A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary. aquatic estuarine layer A layer of liquid that is part of an estuary. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01001302 A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. CMECS:595 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/595.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal surface layer ENVO:01001303 A role which is may be realised by an environmental system ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Experimental class. environmental role ENVO:01001304 An oasis is a vegetated area located in a desert, supplied with water from a water source which it surrounds, and surrounded by arid soil, sand, or rock. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oasis cienaga oasis ENVO:01001305 A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 vegetated area ENVO:01001306 An environment which is determined by a bone element. bone element environment ENVO:01001308 A liquid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous volume of liquid water and is held in shape or sustained by an environmental process. Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" Similar, in spirit, to landform. hydroform Should create links to envrionmental process with new relation like "sustained_by" ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 ENVO:01001309 A liquid surface layer which is in contact with air. liquid air-water interface layer ENVO:01001310 A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid. liquid surface layer ENVO:01001311 A surface layer which is composed primarily of solid environmental material. solid surface layer ENVO:01001312 A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:596 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/596.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal upper water column ENVO:01001313 A pycnocline which is part of an estuarine water body, spanning from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. CMECS:597 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/597.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal pycnocline ENVO:01001314 A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuarine bed and from the shore to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:598 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/598.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine coastal lower water column ENVO:01001315 A layer of estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. CMECS:599 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/599.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water surface layer ENVO:01001316 A layer of estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:600 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/600.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water upper water column ENVO:01001317 A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:603 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/603.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal surface layer ENVO:01001318 A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:604 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/604.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal upper water column ENVO:01001319 A body of water which is primarily composed of saline water. saline body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. saline water body ENVO:01001320 A body of water which is primarily composed of freshwater, with low solute content. LTER:216 fresh body of water freshwater body This class has its subclasses primarily populated by inference. The threshold for what constitutes "fresh" water is variable and should typically be deferred to an applicatoin layer resource. fresh water body LTER:216 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=216&/freshwater ENVO:01001321 A body of water which is primarily composed of brackish water. brackish body of water This class has its subclasses populated by inference. brackish water body ENVO:01001322 A layer of estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. CMECS:602 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/602.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water lower water column ENVO:01001323 A pycnocline which is part of an estuarine water body, spanning from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. CMECS:601 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/601.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine open water pycnocline ENVO:01001324 An estuarine coastal pycnocline which is composed primarily of fresh tidal water. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. Further, the original definition and label do not clearly state whether this is a pycnocline in its own right, or just the tidal freshwater part of the pycnocline. In this ENVO class, we follow the semantics suggested by the label and treat this as a type of estuarine coastal pycnocline. CMECS:605 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/605.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal pycnocline ENVO:01001325 A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuarine bed and from the land-water interface to a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:606 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/606.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine coastal lower water column ENVO:01001326 A layer of fresh, tidal estuarine water which extends a few centimeters from the surface of the water column towards the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:607 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/607.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water surface layer ENVO:01001327 A layer of fresh, tidal estuarine water which extends from the surface of the water column to the pycnocline or mid-depth and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters until the end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:608 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/608.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water upper water column ENVO:01001328 An estuarine open water pycnocline which is composed primarily of fresh tidal water. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. Further, the original definition and label do not clearly state whether this is a pycnocline in its own right, or just the tidal freshwater part of the pycnocline. In this ENVO class, we follow the semantics suggested by the label and treat this as a type of estuarine open water pycnocline. CMECS:609 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/609.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water pycnocline ENVO:01001329 A layer of fresh estuarine water which extends from an estuarine pycnocline or mid-depth to the estuary bed and from a fiat boundary where the estuary bed below the water column reaches a depth of 4 meters to end of the estuary most distal from the coast. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. What causes this freshwater layer to be "tidal" is not clearly specified in the current CMECS definition. CMECS:610 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/610.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. estuarine tidal riverine open water lower water column ENVO:01001330 A biogeochemical cycle which has nitrogen-bearing chemical entities as participants. nitrogen cycle nitrogen cycling ENVO:01001331 A biogeochemical cycle which has sulfur-bearing chemical entities as participants. sulphur cycling sulfur cycle sulfur cycling ENVO:01001332 A biogeochemical cycle which has phosphorous-bearing chemical entities as participants. phosphorous cycle phosphorous cycling ENVO:01001333 A tidal flow process which occurs in an ocean or sea and during which tidal movements generate advective flows, often amplified in velocity when moving through an inlet, pass or channel. CMECS:643 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/643.html tidal flow This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. marine tidal flow process ENVO:01001334 A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. advective transport Advective processes are disjoint from diffusive processes. Typically, fluids are advected. advective transport process A material transport process during which a volume of material is displaced due to a disequilibrium in physical forces and during which 1) the qualities that inhere in that volume and 2) the processes that are unfolding within it are largely unchanged. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advection https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intensive_and_extensive_properties ENVO:01001335 An ice mass which is attached to a bed underneath a body of water. bottom-fast ice anchor ice An ice mass which is attached to a bed underneath a body of water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice ENVO:01001336 A marine current which is maintained by a tidal flow process. marine tidal current This class aligns to an ambiguously defined unit of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS), "Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/643.html). In CMECS, this is treated as a hydroform, but is defined as a process (while some of its subclasses are not). In ENVO, we have aligned the CMECS unit according to its definition as a process (ENVO:01001333); however, we maintain this class to allow reference to the hydroform maintained by that process. marine tidal flow ENVO:01001337 Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed. riverine bottom-fast ice riverine anchor ice Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice ENVO:01001338 A marine zone in which ocean waters undergo a diurnal (once per day) tidal oscillation - with one high and one low tide per day - due to the supression of a second daily oscillation by the geometry of the ocean basin and obstructions presented by land masses. CMECS:664 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/664.html diurnal tidal flow This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. In this case, the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. Alternate classes have been created to accommodate the process of diurnal tidal flow. The as the frequency of the process does not influence the semantics of the resulting hydroform, please use ENVO_01001336 to reference the hydroform rather than the zone or the process. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. diurnal marine tidal flow zone ENVO:01001339 A tidal flow process which occurs once per day in ocean waters where a second daily oscillation is blocked by land masses or ocean basin geometry. diurnal tidal flow This class broadly aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). This class is provided as the processual equivalent of CMECS unit 664 "Diurnal Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/664.html); however, based on its definition, CMECS:664 is more accurately mapped to ENVO:01001338 as the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. A class has been created to accommodate the semantics of the resulting hydroform (ENVO:01001336). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. diurnal marine tidal flow process ENVO:01001340 A marine tidal flow zone in which ocean waters undergo a semi-diurnal (twice per day) tidal oscillation - with two high and two low tides per day of roughly equal amplitude. CMECS:666 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/666.html semi-diurnal tidal flow This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. In this case, the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. Alternate classes have been created to accommodate the process of diurnal tidal flow. The as the frequency of the process does not influence the semantics of the resulting hydroform, please use ENVO:01001336 to reference the hydroform rather than the zone or the process. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. semi-diurnal marine tidal flow zone ENVO:01001341 An environmental zone in which varying gravitational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the zone, cause marine waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). marine tidal flow zone An environmental zone in which varying gravitational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the zone, cause marine waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tide ENVO:01001342 A water flow process during which movements of water masses caused by varying gravitational and rotational forces from astronomical bodies, combined with the rotation of the astronomical body containing the water mass, cause waters to undergo periodic depth oscillations (tides). tidal flow tidal flow process ENVO:01001343 A marine tidal flow process which occurs twice per day, resulting in two high and two low tides per day, both of roughly equal amplitude. semi-diurnal tidal flow This class broadly aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). This class is provided as the processual equivalent of CMECS unit 666 "Semi-diurnal Tidal Flow" (https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/666.html); however, based on its definition, CMECS:666 is more accurately mapped to ENVO:01001340 as the definition aligns with ENVO's "environmental zone" semantics. A class has been created to accommodate the semantics of the resulting hydroform (ENVO:01001336). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. semi-diurnal marine tidal flow process ENVO:01001344 Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed where a river flows into a marine water body and which is formed by the freezing of freshwater seeping out of the riverbed's sediments. fresh water seep riverine anchor ice fresh water seep riverine bottom-fast ice freshwater seep riverine bottom-fast ice freshwater seep riverine anchor ice Anchor ice which is attached to a riverbed where a river flows into a marine water body and which is formed by the freezing of freshwater seeping out of the riverbed's sediments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor_ice ENVO:01001345 An ice mass which is suspended in a water body, being sufficiently buoyant for part of the mass to breach the surface of that water body. floating ice mass ENVO:01001346 An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one location on the surface of an astronomical body, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion ENVO:01001347 A zone on a glacier which is roughly linear and where the rates of ice ablation and accumulation are approximately equal. equilibrium limit equilibrium line firn limit firn line glacial equlibrium line A zone on a glacier which is roughly linear and where the rates of ice ablation and accumulation are approximately equal. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic/issues/12 https://www.americangeosciences.org/pubs/glossary ENVO:01001348 A zone in which the deposition and accumulation of an environmental material occurs. accumulation zone material accumulation zone ENVO:01001349 A zone in which processes resulting in the removal of one or more environmental materials have higher rates than pocesses which result in their deposition and accumulation. decumulation zone material decumulation zone ENVO:01001350 A material accumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes exceed those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net icrease in some mass of ice. accumulation area area of ice gain ice accumulation area ice gain zone zone of ice gain ice accumulation zone ENVO:01001351 A material decumulation zone in which the rates of ice formation processes are below those of ice decumulation processes, leading to a net decrease in some mass of ice. area of ice loss ice decumulation area ice loss zone zone of ice loss ice decumulation zone ENVO:01001352 An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic accumulation area http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AccumulationZone area of glacial ice gain glacial ice accumulation area glacial ice gain zone zone of glacial ice gain This zone usually occurs at higher elevations and generally overlaps the conversion of snow to glacial ice. glacial ice accumulation zone An ice accumulation zone which overlaps part of a glacier. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 This zone usually occurs at higher elevations and generally overlaps the conversion of snow to glacial ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001353 An environmental zone in which the rates of two or more processes are roughly equal to one another. environmental zone of processual equilibrium QCR: 'contains process' min 2 'environmental system process' ENVO:01001354 A glacier which is contained in the site bounded by a volcanic crater. crater glacier volcanic crater glacier ENVO:01001355 The site which is located in a crater. crater zone ENVO:01001356 The site which is located in a volcanic crater. volcanic crater zone ENVO:01001357 A landform which has been rendered barren or partially barren by environmental extremes, especially by low rainfall, and which loses more liquid water by evapotranspiration than is supplied by precipitation. desert ENVO:01001358 A climate which is realised through hydrological processes. hydroclimate A climate which is realised through hydrological processes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hydroclimate ENVO:01001359 An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. rapid formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. atmospheric aerosolised particle formation event An aerosol formation event which occurs in an atmosphere. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 ENVO:01001360 An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. Paramo ecosystems are known to be evolutionary hotspots and large daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, often resulting in dialy freez-thaw cycles. Paramo An alpine tundra ecosystem which exists above the continuous timberline but below the permanent snowline on elevated land in tropical regions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo Paramo ecosystems are known to be evolutionary hotspots and large daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity, often resulting in dialy freez-thaw cycles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1ramo ENVO:01001361 A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. atmospheric wind direction A direction which inheres in an atmospheric wind, typically expressed as the inverse of the direction the wind is moving in. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_direction ENVO:01001362 The speed of an atmospheric wind. flow velocity of wind speed of wind wind flow velocity wind speed speed of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind speed The speed of an atmospheric wind. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_speed ENVO:01001363 The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. Niederschlagsmenge precipitation amount precipitation precipitation level precipitation quantity While the precipitated material may be water in any of its forms, the volume that this class refers to is that of liquid water. volume of hydrological precipitation The volume of water which has fallen during a precipitation process. http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge ENVO:01001364 A system which consists of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere, forced or influenced by external processes. This class, from the IPCC report, is naturally focused on the Earth's climate. The report cites the Sun as the agent of the most important forcing processes. It also considers the direct effect of human activities on the climate system an external forcing climate system A system which consists of an atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, land surface, and biosphere, forced or influenced by external processes. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/604 https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/040.htm This class, from the IPCC report, is naturally focused on the Earth's climate. The report cites the Sun as the agent of the most important forcing processes. It also considers the direct effect of human activities on the climate system an external forcing https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/040.htm ENVO:01001365 A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase. formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere atmospheric formation of an aerosol formation of an aerosol in an atmosphere formation of an aerosol in the atmosphere formation of particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere atmospheric secondary aerosol formation process A process during which gas-phase molecules form solid or liquid particles that are stable enough to continue growing in size - via the condensation or aggregation of other gas-phase molecules - at a greater rate than their constituents re-enter gas phase. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001366 A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. new particle formation process aerosolised particle formation process A process during which particles suspended in a gaseous medium are formed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001367 A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. primary aerosol formation primary aerosol formation process A material transport process during which solid or liquid particles are directly introduced into a volume of gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001368 An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are either 1) formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions or 2) increase in size through aggregation with other particles. secondary aerosol formation secondary aerosol formation process An aerosol formation process during which solid or liquid particles are either 1) formed in a volume of gas through gas-to-liquid or gas-to-solid conversions or 2) increase in size through aggregation with other particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001369 A shrubland biome which is densely vegetated by dwarf or short mangroves (and associates) that are generally less than 6 meters in height, is tidally influenced, is located in tropical or subtropical areas. CMECS:577 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/577.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. CMECS provides the following notes: "Commonly found on intertidal mud flats along the shores of estuaries. Tidal mangrove shrublands may include immature stands or stunted mature trees that indicate a harsh growing environment. Areas characterized by tall mangroves (> 6 meters) are placed in the Tidal Mangrove Forest Biotic Group. Where tidal amplitude is relatively low, the vegetation forms narrow bands along the coastal plains, and it rarely penetrates inland more than several kilometers along rivers. Where tidal amplitude is greater, mangroves extend further inland along river courses, forming extensive stands in the major river deltas. Also, mangrove cays may occur within the lagoon complex of barrier reefs. The list of biotic communities for this group is long: a few examples are provided below, and the complete list is available in Appendix F" tidal mangrove shrubland ENVO:01001370 An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. SPIRE:Tundra Tundra ecosysems are often underlaid by permafrost, with the result that drainage is bad and the soil may be saturated for long periods. It does not have a permanent snow-ice cover. Productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate. tundra ecosystem An ecosystem which 1) typically has monthly average temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius 2) has a low evapotranspiration ratio 3) is dominated by treeless terrain, covered by communities of low-growing vegetation such as dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens, 4) contains areas of soil underlain by permafrost with a thin active layer and 5) occurs in both polar and alpine regions (i.e., both high latitudes and high altitudes), and 5) does not have permanent snow or ice cover. This definition is a synthesis of the following sources: NSIDC Glossary accessed 2016, IPCC WGII AR5 2014, Van Everdingen International Permafrost Association 2005, AMS - glossary of meteorology, PhysicalGeography.net ENVO:01001371 A tundra ecosystem which 1) exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds, 2) where vegetation is dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses. SPIRE:Tundra http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra The absence of trees in this biome is primarily due to high altitude rather than high latitude. On Earth, it lies roughly between the summer isotherm of 10 degrees Centigrade and the snow line. Primary productivity is low in this biome because of the extremes of climate. alpine tundra ecosystem A tundra ecosystem which 1) exists at high altitudes and where vegetation is stunted due to low temperatures and high winds, 2) where vegetation is dominated by a few species of dwarf shrubs, grasses, sedges, lichens, and mosses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra ENVO:01001372 An aerosol formation process during which the rate of particle formation exceeds that which is normally present in the site of its occurrence. This is similar to the semantics of storms, where increased rates are observed due to external forcings. aerosolised particle formation event An aerosol formation process during which the rate of particle formation exceeds that which is normally present in the site of its occurrence. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 ENVO:01001373 A secondary aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere at an increased rate relative to background processes of the same kind. rapid formation of liquid or solid particles from gaseous material in an atmosphere atmospheric new particle formation event Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. secondary atmospheric aerosol formation event A secondary aerosol formation process which occurs in an atmosphere at an increased rate relative to background processes of the same kind. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 Note that the detection of such events, and thus the thresholds used to define them in the field, are operational and dependent on the technology and observation strategy used. The event must be intense enough, occur in a large enough area, and persist for enough time to allow the formed particle population to be observed. There are no exact or universally agreed upon thresholds for the intensity, area and duration of such events. If elevated new particle formation rate is observed in the atmosphere (away from direct sources of the related gas-phase molecules) for an operationally defined period of time, practitioners often declare that such an event has taken place. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/602 ENVO:01001374 A physical quality which inheres in a marine water body by virtue of the height, wavelength, period, and directional energy flux of its waves which evolve into swell through nonlinear dynamics. http://www.goosocean.org/components/com_oe/oe.php?task=download&id=34494&version=1.0&lang=1&format=1 ocean state sea state ENVO:01001375 A variability quality which inheres in sea ice, particularly in its concentration, area and extent, type, motion, deformation, age, thickness, and volume. http://www.goosocean.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=17464 The EOV specification sheet is simply titled as "sea ice", but the description of the EOV is of the variability of sea ice. sea ice variability ENVO:01001376 A marine bed which is covered by animals which have benthic habitats, including attached, clinging, sessile, infaunal, burrowing, laying, interstitial, and slow-moving animals, but not animals that have created substrate. "Mid-depth", present in many CMECS classes, is ambiguous and needs refinement. faunal bed CMECS:391 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/391.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. An excerpt of the CMECS description: "Faunal Beds are highly dependent on substrate type. Individual species and entire biotic communities have adapted specialized anatomies and behaviors for survival on hard substrates; other species and communities have specialized and developed adaptations for life on soft substrates. Generalist fauna also occur (e.g., certain holothurians, crustaceans, and sponges) that can succeed on both substrate types. However, substrate type is such a defining aspect of the Faunal Bed class that CMECS Faunal Bed subclasses are assigned as physical-biological associations involving both biota and substrate." marine faunal bed ENVO:01001377 A elevation quality which inheres in a marine water body by virtue of the position of that water body's surface layer (adjacent to an atmosphere) relative to some reference elevation. http://www.goosocean.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=17465 sea surface height ENVO:01001378 A submerged bed which underlies a marine water body. sea bottom marine bed ENVO:01001379 A marine faunal bed which is dominated by mussels of the Mytilus or Modiolus genera either 1) resting on the sediment surface, 2) partially embedded in the sediment, 3) attached to conspecifics (by using their byssal threads), or 4) attached to a piece of gravel in slightly gravelly fine sediments. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. CMECS:532 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/532.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. An excerpt of the CMECS description: "Faunal Beds are highly dependent on substrate type. Individual species and entire biotic communities have adapted specialized anatomies and behaviors for survival on hard substrates; other species and communities have specialized and developed adaptations for life on soft substrates. Generalist fauna also occur (e.g., certain holothurians, crustaceans, and sponges) that can succeed on both substrate types. However, substrate type is such a defining aspect of the Faunal Bed class that CMECS Faunal Bed subclasses are assigned as physical-biological associations involving both biota and substrate." mussel bed ENVO:01001380 A marine reef which is located on a shelf (i.e. in the neritic zone) and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells. The CMECs classification references shelf reefs in the definition. Thus this term is focused only on mussel reefs that are neritic. CMECS:338 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/338.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. neritic mussel reef ENVO:01001381 A marine reef which is present in the depths beyond (offshore relative to) the continental shelf and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells. oceanic mussel reef substrate This class is an extension of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). It provides an oceanic analogue to the neritic mussel reef class (CMECS:338). Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. oceanic mussel reef ENVO:01001382 An area which is dominated by dense accumulations of mussels attached to a substrate other than conspecifics, including the associated faunal communities and predators present on the mussels (e.g., starfish). attached mussels (biotic group) CMECS:532 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/515.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. From the CMECs definition: "Areas where mussels have constructed substrate are classified as Mussel Reef. Areas where mussels are not attached to a hard substrate are classified as Soft Sediment Fauna, Mussel Bed." area of attached mussel assemblages ENVO:01001383 An area which is dominated by dense accumulations of mussels, of the genus Modiolus, attached to a substrate other than conspecifics, including the associated faunal communities and predators present on the mussels (e.g., starfish). CMECS:532 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/883.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. From the CMECs definition: "Areas where mussels have constructed substrate are classified as Mussel Reef. Areas where mussels are not attached to a hard substrate are classified as Soft Sediment Fauna, Mussel Bed." area of attached Modiolus assemblages ENVO:01001384 An environmental zone within which ecological communities of animals are attached to some substrate. area of attached faunal communities ENVO:01001385 An oceanic mussel reef which is primarily settled by mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel reef substrate This class is an extension of the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). It provides an oceanic analogue to the neritic mussel reef class (CMECS:338), with a focus on Bathymodiolus communities. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel reef ENVO:01001386 A marine reef which is primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells. The CMECs classification references shelf reefs in the definition. Thus this term is focused only on mussel reefs that are neritic. mussel reef substrate CMECS:338 https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/338.html This class aligns to the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. mussel reef ENVO:01001387 An oceanic mussel reef which is primarily settled by mussels of the genus Bathymodiolus and primarily composed of self-adhered or conglomerated mussel shells obsolete Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel bed true ENVO:01001388 A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions beyond (offshore to) a continental shelf. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/532.html This class extends the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. oceanic mussel bed ENVO:01001389 A mussel bed which is located in benthic regions that are part of a continental shelf. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. https://cmecscatalog.org/cmecs/classification/unit/532.html This class extends the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. neritic mussel bed ENVO:01001390 An oceanic mussel bed which has mussel communities dominated by members of the genus Bathymodiolus. If individual mussels are present in densities sufficient to construct biogenic substrate, please use the mussel reef class. This class extends the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS). In ENVO, we may adapt the definition for consistency, but the semantics (meaning) of the term should be unaffected. Please consult the CMECS catalogue (https://cmecscatalog.org/) for authoritative and semantically unconstrained definitions. Bathymodiolus-dominated oceanic mussel bed ENVO:01001391 An organic environmental material which is primarily composed of gill tissue. gill tissue material ENVO:01001392 Gill tissue material which is part of salt-water mussel in the family Mytilidae mussel gill tissue material ENVO:01001393 Mussel gill tissue material which is part of a member of the genus Bathymodiolus. Bathymodiolus gill tissue material ENVO:01001394 A material accumulation process during which the solid or liquid parts of an aerosol increase in mass due to mechanical aggregation of existing particles or through chemical conversion of gas-phase material. accumulation of matter on aerosolised particles ENVO:01001395 Biomass which is composed primarily of dead organisms, their parts, or their organic derivatives. dead biological matter dead biomass necromass ENVO:01001396 Clay which is part of an abyssal plain. abyssal clay ENVO:01001397 A soil which has high mineral content and which contain no calcareous material, have less than 10% weatherable minerals its surface layer, and have less than 35% base saturation throughout its volume. red clay soil The word "ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation. ultisol A soil which has high mineral content and which contain no calcareous material, have less than 10% weatherable minerals its surface layer, and have less than 35% base saturation throughout its volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol The word "ultisol" is derived from "ultimate", because ultisols were seen as the ultimate product of continuous weathering of minerals in a humid, temperate climate without new soil formation via glaciation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultisol ENVO:01001398 A primary aerosol formation process during which dust particles are suspended in a gaseous medium. aerosolisation of dust ENVO:01001399 A process during which dust is aerosolised in an atmosphere. dust event atmospheric aerosolisation of dust ENVO:01001400 An aeroform which is formed as a result of strong upper winds spreading a cirrus homogenitus cloud in the atmosphere and, in turn, causing internal tranformations which result in the cloud taking on the appearnce of natural cirri-form clouds. Once these clouds resemble natural cirri-form clouds (Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus), they are classified as such. homomutatus cloud An aeroform which is formed as a result of strong upper winds spreading a cirrus homogenitus cloud in the atmosphere and, in turn, causing internal tranformations which result in the cloud taking on the appearnce of natural cirri-form clouds. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/homomutatus.html ENVO:01001401 An environmental process during which a haze is formed by the aerosolisation of solid particles, including natural materials and anthropogenic pollutants, in an atmosphere. haze formation process An environmental process during which a haze is formed by the aerosolisation of solid particles, including natural materials and anthropogenic pollutants, in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze ENVO:01001402 An aersolised mass of dust, smoke, or other dry particulates which scatters visible light thus obsscuring visibility through an atmosphere. haze An aersolised mass of dust, smoke, or other dry particulates which scatters visible light thus obsscuring visibility through an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze ENVO:01001403 A haze formation process which has an increased rate relative to that which is usually present in a given site. haze formation event A haze formation process which has an increased rate relative to that which is usually present in a given site. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haze ENVO:01001404 An ecosystem which is of larger scale than an ecoregion and which includes smaller ecosystems determined by the presence of ecological assemblages that have at least some cohesion over evolutionary time frames. Assemblages within provinces will show endemism, principally at the level of species. While this may be partly explained by historical isolation, abiotic environmental features and coniditions will play a strong role. These may include geomorphological features (isolated island and shelf systems, semi-enclosed seas); hydrographic features (currents, upwellings, ice dynamics); or geochemical influences (broadest-scale elements of nutrient supply and salinity).” Examples include Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific, Tropical Northwestern Atlantic, and Cold Temperate Northeast Pacific. ecological province ENVO:01001405 An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by the building envelope of a laboratory and in which a system of manufactured products exert control on one or more of its environmental conditions. laboratory environment ENVO:01001406 A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. research laboratory laboratory facility A research facility in which systems of manufactured products control internal conditions and in which scientific or technological research, experiments, and measurement may be performed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory ENVO:01001407 A cloud which 1) has been shaped into structural elements resembling grains or ripples, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Cc Cirrocumulus-Wolke Hohe Schäfchenwolke Zirrokumulus When present in aggregates, individual cirrocumulus clouds are merged or separate, and regularly arranged in a thin patch, sheet or layer. Most of the small structural elements have an apparent width of less than one degree. Strongly supercooled water droplets may occur but are usually rapidly replaced by ice crystals. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cirrocumulus clouds appear white. Absence of any precipitation. cirrocumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into structural elements resembling grains or ripples, 2) is almost exclusively composed of ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). ENVO:01001408 A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a smooth or fibrous veil, 2) is composed of few small ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Cs Cirrostratus Hohe Schleierwolke Zirrostratus Cirrostratus clouds totally or partly cover the sky and are always thin enough to show the disc of the local star. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cirrostratus clouds appear transparent or whitish. Cirrostratus clouds generally produce halo phenomena; sometimes the veil of cirrostratus is so thin that a halo provides the only indication of its presence. Absence of any precipitation. cirrostratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a smooth or fibrous veil, 2) is composed of few small ice crystals, 3) is located in the high level of the atmosphere (high étage). ENVO:01001409 A cloud which 1) has been shaped into laminae, rounded masses or rolls, 2) is exclusively composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). This definition is very odd, it seems to allow for such a wide range of variation that the boundaries of this class become suspect. Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Ac Altocumulus-Wolke Grobe Schäfchenwolke Altocumulus clouds are sometimes fibrous or diffuse and may or may not be merged. When present in aggregates, individual altocumulus clouds are organised in patches, sheets or layers. Most of the regularly arranged small elements in this cloud type often have an apparent width of between one and five degrees. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) altocumulus clouds appear white, grey, or both white and grey, often with shading. The composition of altocumulus clouds leads to low transparency and sharp outlines of the elements. Absence of any precipitation. altocumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into laminae, rounded masses or rolls, 2) is exclusively composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). ENVO:01001410 A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a striated, fibrous, or uniform sheet or layer, 2) is composed of water droplets and ice crystals, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. As Altostratus-Wolke Mittelhohe Schichtwolke Striation occurs in the form of grooves or channels in cloud formations, arranged parallel to the flow of the air. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) altostratus clouds appear greyish or bluish. Altostratus clouds do not show halo phenomena when scattering visible range stellar radiation. Altostratus clouds have parts thin enough to reveal the local star at least vaguely, as through ground glass or frosted glass. Altostratus may produce rain, snow or ice pellets. Altostratus is usually found in the middle level, but it often extends higher. Altostratus is generally a layer of great horizontal extent (several tens or hundreds of kilometres) and fairly considerable vertical extent (several hundreds or thousands of metres). In the most complete case, three superposed parts can be distinguished: (a) An upper part, composed wholly or mainly of ice crystals, (b) A middle part, composed of a mixture of ice crystals, snow crystals or snowflakes and supercooled water droplets, (c) A lower part, composed wholly or mainly of ordinary or supercooled water droplets or drops. Sometimes the cloud may consist of only two parts, either: 1) An upper part like (a) above and a lower part like (c) or, 2) An upper part like (b) and a lower part like (c). Less frequently, the entire cloud may also be like (a) or like (b) alone. altostratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a striated, fibrous, or uniform sheet or layer, 2) is composed of water droplets and ice crystals, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). ENVO:01001411 A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer, 2) is composed of water droplets (sometimes supercooled) and raindrops, or snow crystals and snowflakes, or of a mixture of these liquid and solid particles, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). Ns Nimbostratus-Wolke Regen-schichtwolke Low, ragged clouds frequently occur below the nimbostratus layer, with which they may or may not merge. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) nimbostratus clouds appear grey, often dark grey in colour. Nimbostratus clouds usually have no discernible base. Nimbostratus generally covers a wide area and is of great vertical extent. Nimbostratus is diffused by more or less continuously falling rain or snow or ice pellets, which in most cases reaches the ground. Sometimes nimbostratus clouds have the appearance of being illuminated from the inside. Nimbostratus is almost always found in the middle level, but it usually extends into the other two levels. Nimbostratus is thick enough throughout to blot out the local star. nimbostratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer, 2) is composed of water droplets (sometimes supercooled) and raindrops, or snow crystals and snowflakes, or of a mixture of these liquid and solid particles, 3) is located in the middle level of the atmosphere (middle étage). ENVO:01001412 A cloud which 1) has been shaped into non-fibrous tessellations, rounded masses, or rolls, 2) is primarily composed of water droplets, and may contain raindrops or, more rarely, snow pellets, snow crystals and snowflakes, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Sc Haufenschichtwolke Stratocumulus-Wolke When present in aggregates, individual stratocumulus clouds are organised in patches, sheets or layers. Most of the regularly arranged small elements in this cloud type often have an apparent width of more than five degrees. When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) stratocumulus clouds appear grey or whitish, or both grey and whitish in colour. The cloud almost always has dark parts. Fibrous structural elements may emerge when virga is formed. Stratocumulus can have weak falls of rain, snow or snow pellets. Stratocumulus may also be shaped into structural elements which are similar to but do not exactly resemble the ones noted in the definition. stratocumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into non-fibrous tessellations, rounded masses, or rolls, 2) is primarily composed of water droplets, and may contain raindrops or, more rarely, snow pellets, snow crystals and snowflakes, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). ENVO:01001413 A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer with a fairly uniform base or, less frequently, ragged patches, 2) is composed of small water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). St Stratus-Wolke niedere Schichtwolke When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) stratus appears grey in colour. Stratus clouds only produce halo phenomena at very low temperatures. Stratus can have weak falls of drizzle, snow or snow grains. Stratus may allow a clearly visible outline of the local star to be seen through its mass. stratus cloud A cloud which 1) occurs in the form of a layer with a fairly uniform base or, less frequently, ragged patches, 2) is composed of small water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). ENVO:01001414 A cloud which 1) has been shaped into rising mounds, domes, or towers with a bulging upper part resembling a cauliflower and a near horizontal or ragged base, 2) is mainly composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Note that the domed quality refers to the cauliflower shape (which is itself a variant of domed). This should be replaced with cauliflower shaped once in ENVO. Cu Cumuluswolke Haufenwolke Kumuluswolke Quellwolke When well-illuminated by sunlight (excluding during sunrise and sunset) cumulus has has brilliant white sunlit parts and a dark grey base. Cumulus clouds have sharp outlines. When of great vertical extent, cumulus may release precipitation in the form of showers of rain, snow or snow pellets. Cumulus clouds usually have their bases in the low atmospheric level (low étage), but their vertical extent is often so great that their tops may reach into the middle and high atmospheric levels (middle and high étage). cumulus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into rising mounds, domes, or towers with a bulging upper part resembling a cauliflower and a near horizontal or ragged base, 2) is mainly composed of water droplets, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage). ENVO:01001415 A cloud which is formed by condensation events triggered by some anthropogenic processes or the outputs thereof, such as aircraft contrails or emissions from chimneys. homogenitus cloud A cloud which is formed by condensation events triggered by some anthropogenic processes or the outputs thereof, such as aircraft contrails or emissions from chimneys. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/homogenitus.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001416 A mining process during which materials are extracted from benthic environments deep below the ocean surface, where no stellar radiation reaches.. deep seafloor mining deep-seafloor mining "The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England." benthic deep-sea mining A mining process during which materials are extracted from benthic environments deep below the ocean surface, where no stellar radiation reaches.. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14956 "The most valuable of the marine mineral resources is petroleum. About 15% of the world's oil is produced offshore, and extraction capabilities are advancing. One of the largest environmental impacts of deep sea mining are discharged sediment plumes which disperse with ocean currents and thus may negatively influence the marine ecosystem. Coal deposits known as extensions of land deposits , are mined under the sea floor in Japan and England." https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14956 ENVO:01001417 A cloud which develop locally over forests as a result of increased humidity due to evaporation and evapotranspiration from the tree canopy. These special clouds will be given the name of the appropriate genus, followed by any appropriate species, variety and supplementary feature, and followed by the special cloud name “silvagenitus” (for example, Stratus silvagenitus). silvagenitus cloud A cloud which develop locally over forests as a result of increased humidity due to evaporation and evapotranspiration from the tree canopy. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/silvagenitus.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001418 A cirrus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. The species-level term, 'fibratus', applies mainly to clouds of the Cirrus and Cirrostratus genera cirrus fibratus cloud A cirrus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-fibratus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001419 A cloud which 1) has been shaped into dense, mountain-like forms or one or more tower-like forms with a flattened upper portion, which often spreads out in the shape of an anvil or plume, 2) is composed of water droplets and, especially in its upper portion, ice crystals, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage), but can extend into the middle and high level of the atmosphere. Add more PATO qualities once they have been added to PATO. Cb Cumulonibus-Wolke Gewitterwolke Cumulonimbus clouds have a very dark base which may be merged with low ragged clouds which frequently form underneath this cloud. The upper portion may be smooth, fibrous, or striated. Cumulonimbus also contains large raindrops and, often, snowflakes, snow pellets or hailstones. The water droplets and raindrops may be substantially supercooled. Cumulonimbus is frequently associated with precipitation, sometimes in the form of virga. Cumulonimbus is often accompanied by lightning, thunder or hail. Cumulonimbus usually have their bases in the low level, but their vertical extent is often so great that their tops may reach into the middle and high levels. cumulonimbus cloud A cloud which 1) has been shaped into dense, mountain-like forms or one or more tower-like forms with a flattened upper portion, which often spreads out in the shape of an anvil or plume, 2) is composed of water droplets and, especially in its upper portion, ice crystals, 3) is located in the low level of the atmosphere (low étage), but can extend into the middle and high level of the atmosphere. ENVO:01001420 A mining process during which materials are extracted from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. sea bed mining A mining process during which materials are extracted from the surface, or below the surface, of the ocean floor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7500 ENVO:01001421 A cirrus cloud which does not have grey parts and which is often shaped like a comma, terminating at its highest point in a hook, or in a tuft, the upper part of which is not in the form of a rounded protuberance. cirrus uncinus cloud A cirrus cloud which does not have grey parts and which is often shaped like a comma, terminating at its highest point in a hook, or in a tuft, the upper part of which is not in the form of a rounded protuberance. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-uncinus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001422 A cirrus cloud which 1) is structurally organised in patches, 2) is sufficiently dense to appear greyish when viewed towards the local star and 3) may veil, the local star, obscure its outline, or even hide it entirely. Cirrus spissatus often originates from the upper part of a Cumulonimbus. cirrus spissatus cloud A cirrus cloud which 1) is structurally organised in patches, 2) is sufficiently dense to appear greyish when viewed towards the local star and 3) may veil, the local star, obscure its outline, or even hide it entirely. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-spissatus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001423 A cirrostratus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. The species-level term, 'fibratus', applies mainly to clouds of the Cirrus and Cirrostratus genera cirrostratus fibratus cloud A cirrostratus cloud which occurs as a detached unit or a thin veil and consists of nearly straight or irregularly curved filaments that do not terminate in hooks or tufts. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-fibratus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001424 A stratocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. stratocumulus castellanus cloud A stratocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001425 A cirrus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. cirrus castellanus cloud A cirrus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001426 A cirrocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. cirrocumulus castellanus cloud A cirrocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001427 An altocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. The species-level term, 'castellanus', applies to Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus and Stratocumulus genera. The castellanus character is especially evident when the clouds are seen from the side. altocumulus castellanus cloud An altocumulus cloud which 1) has linearly arranged cumuliform protuberances which resemble crenellated turrets or towers, some of which are taller than they are wide in some portion of their upper parts, 2) possess a lower region or base which connects these protuberances. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-genera.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/clouds-species-castellanus.html https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/docs/Excerpt%20from%20wmo_49-1_final_2017.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001428 A cloud which is primarily composed of water-based aerosols. cloud mass On Earth clouds are formed by the saturation of air in the homosphere when air cools or gains water vapor. Note that this class describes clouds as countable objects, rather than 'cloud material'. It also refers only to clouds made up of a water-based material. water-based cloud A cloud which is primarily composed of water-based aerosols. https://cloudatlas.wmo.int/introduction-and-principles-of-cloud-classification.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud ENVO:01001429 An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. land conversion land development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. land conversion process An anthropisation process during which terrestrial environments - natural or anthropised - or parts thereof are altered to facilitate human activities such as agriculture, settlement, or commerce. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development Further examples include subdividing real estate into lots, typically for the purpose of building homes and converting unused factories into condominia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development ENVO:01001430 A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. agricultural land conversion This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. agricultural land conversion process A land conversion process during which terrestrial ecosystems are altered to facilitate agricultural activities such as crop cultivation or the rearing of livestock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development This process typically relies on the conversion and development of forests, savannas or grassland. Creation of farmland from wasteland, deserts or previous impervious surfaces is considerably less frequent because of the presence of degraded soil or the lack of fertile soil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_development ENVO:01001431 An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. There are multiple systems of land use classification. This hierarchy aims to be generally applicable, but national systems can be added on request. land use process An anthropogenic environmental process which includes all human activities undertaken in a natural, semi-natural, or anthropised environment. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use ENVO:01001432 A land use process during which humans access and manage forest ecosystems for 1) the provisioning of wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation as well as a broad range of other ecosystem services or 2) the maintenance of the forest ecosystem's health. "Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as 'sinks' for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. Other common terms are: a verderer, or a silviculturalist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry." forestry A land use process during which humans access and manage forest ecosystems for 1) the provisioning of wood, forages, water, wildlife, and recreation as well as a broad range of other ecosystem services or 2) the maintenance of the forest ecosystem's health. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/3439 "Modern forestry generally embraces a broad range of concerns, in what is known as multiple-use management, including the provision of timber, fuel wood, wildlife habitat, natural water quality management, recreation, landscape and community protection, employment, aesthetically appealing landscapes, biodiversity management, watershed management, erosion control, and preserving forests as 'sinks' for atmospheric carbon dioxide. A practitioner of forestry is known as a forester. Other common terms are: a verderer, or a silviculturalist. Silviculture is narrower than forestry, being concerned only with forest plants, but is often used synonymously with forestry." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forestry ENVO:01001433 A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. mining terrestrial mining A land use process during which materials of economic value are extracted from a planet, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 ENVO:01001434 A process during which an ecosystem - natural or anthropised - is changed by the actions of humans. anthropogenic ecosystem conversion process ENVO:01001435 Deforestation which is planned and executed by humans. planned deforestation Deforestation which is planned and executed by humans. ENVO:01001436 A planned process during which humans access and obtain resources, benefits, or services from a natural or anthropised ecosystem. planned environmental usage process ENVO:01001437 A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. mining A planned environmental usage process during which a non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or water is extracted from an ecosystem. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/14837 ENVO:01001438 A mining process during which rock or mineral deposits are extracted from the terrestrial surface layers of an astronomical body. quarrying A mining process during which rock or mineral deposits are extracted from the terrestrial surface layers of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6870 ENVO:01001439 A mining process which occurs in a marine ecosystem. marine mining ENVO:01001440 A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. This may be either terrestrial or marine. coal mining A mining process during which coal is extracted from the rocky portion of an astronomical body. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1507 ENVO:01001441 A mining process during which metal ores and minerals that lie near the terrestrial surface of an astronomical body are extracted by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. openpit mining strip mining opencast mining A mining process during which metal ores and minerals that lie near the terrestrial surface of an astronomical body are extracted by removing the overlying material and breaking and loading the ore. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/5874 ENVO:01001442 A land use process during which terrestrial environments are modified such that they can grow crop plants or allow the rearing of animals to provide food, fiber, medicines, or other products used by humans. "Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur), the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of woodlands where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for other agricultural purposes." agriculture A land use process during which terrestrial environments are modified such that they can grow crop plants or allow the rearing of animals to provide food, fiber, medicines, or other products used by humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use "Agriculture includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur), the use of land as grazing land, meadow land, osier land, market gardens and nursery grounds, and the use of woodlands where that use is ancillary to the farming of land for other agricultural purposes." https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf ENVO:01001443 A planned environmental usage process during which humans access an environment in order to promote the refreshment of their physical and psychological health through relaxation and leisure activities. leisure recreation usage of an environment for recreation A planned environmental usage process during which humans access an environment in order to promote the refreshment of their physical and psychological health through relaxation and leisure activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7001 ENVO:01001444 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. transportation usage of an environment for transportation A planned environmental usage process during which an environment facilitates the movement of materials and material objects (persons or goods) from place to place, typically with the assistance of a vehicle. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/8641 ENVO:01001445 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. transportation usage of an environment for infrastructure and utilities A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports 1) enterprises concerned with the provision to the public of essentials, such as electricity or water or 2) the basic network or foundation of capital facilities or community investments which are necessary to support economic and community activities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4321 https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/6822 ENVO:01001446 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. residential This class does not include environments which are primarily used for commerce or industry. usage of an environment for residential activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the settlement and dwelling of a community of humans. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7143 ENVO:01001447 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports welfare activities organised by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. Services include those provided by health care facilities, places of religious worship, educational facilities, police stations, fire stations, coastguard facilities, public sanitation, non-human animal welfare services, detention services, and other public services. usage of an environment for community and social services A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports welfare activities organised by the state or a local authority and carried out by trained personnel. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7816 ENVO:01001448 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. This class includes activities carried out in shops, showrooms, cafes, travel agents, hairdressers, facilities providing financial and professional services, restaurants, public houses, and bars. usage of an environment for retail activity A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports the sale of goods to ultimate consumers, usually in small quantities. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/7193 ENVO:01001449 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports activities which aim to protect citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. This class includes activities carried out in defence establishments, including camps, airfields, and live firing training areas. It excludes sites where defence personnel reside, such as barracks. usage of an environment for defence A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports activities which aim to protect citizens or any geographical area by preparing for or by using military means to resist the attack of an enemy. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/2031 ENVO:01001450 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. This class includes environments used to support the facilities engaged with a broad variety of manufacturing activities from food and tobacco, to textiles, metals, vehicles, and chemicals. usage of an environment for industry A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports manufacturing facilities producing commodities that are sold with the expectation of recovering the total cost of production. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/4279 ENVO:01001451 A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. This class includes activities carried out in commercial offices, meeting centres, art studios, recording studios, film sets, warehouses, and distribution centres. usage of an environment for business A planned environmental usage process during which an environment supports facilities associated with commerce or the earning of a livelihood through means other than manufacturing or the provision of a public service. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/11493/144275.pdf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use https://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/1084 ENVO:01001452 A habitat which supports the persistence and growth of a population of Calyptra moths and which overlaps mesic meadows and edges and clearings in vegetated areas. vampire moth habitat Calyptra habitat ENVO:01001453 A mountain which is located on land and which is bounded by an atmosphere or outer space. terrestrial mountain ENVO:01001454 A mountain that is part of a polar environment. polar mountain A mountain that is part of a polar environment. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains ENVO:01001455 A mountain that is part of a temperate environment. temperate mountain A mountain that is part of a temperate environment. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains ENVO:01001456 A mountain that is part of a tropical environment. tropical mountain A mountain that is part of a tropical environment. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains ENVO:01001457 A high-elevation forest ecosystem which 1) is evergreen, 2) present on mountains where there is frequent cloud and mist cover, 3) which has a large proportion of ferns and mosses in its plant communities, growing on all tree trunks and branches present in the ecosystem, and 3) harvests aerosolised water and adds it to the terrestrial water supply. tropical montane cloud forest cloud forest A high-elevation forest ecosystem which 1) is evergreen, 2) present on mountains where there is frequent cloud and mist cover, 3) which has a large proportion of ferns and mosses in its plant communities, growing on all tree trunks and branches present in the ecosystem, and 3) harvests aerosolised water and adds it to the terrestrial water supply. https://www.unep-wcmc.org/resources-and-data/mountain-watch--environmental-change-sustainable-development-in-mountains ENVO:01001458 A visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near a planetary surface, formed when humid air cools rapidly. This class refers only to mist formed by materials primarily composed of water. Mist is less dense than fog, and visibility is typically greater than one kilometre. mist A visible mass of water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air at or near a planetary surface, formed when humid air cools rapidly. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mist ENVO:01001459 A mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 2500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 On Earth, mountains in this category cross the atmospheric oxycline above which oxygen concentrations fall below the physiological tolerance threshold of most humans. Note that the threshold elevations are inconsistent between the various reports which list this classification: while some have overlapping thresholds, others are non-overlapping. The latter model is used in ENVO for coherence and to adhere to the Kapos et al. 2000 reference. high-elevation mountain A mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 2500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 http://www.wikialps.eu/doku.php?id=wiki:mountain_and_mountain_area https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001460 A mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 2499 metres above sea level and slopes greater than or equal to two degrees of inclination. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 On Earth, mountains in this category are below the atmospheric oxycline above which oxygen concentrations fall below the physiological tolerance threshold of most humans. Note that the threshold elevations are inconsistent between the various reports which list this classification: while some have overlapping thresholds, others are non-overlapping. The latter model is used in ENVO for coherence and to adhere to the Kapos et al. 2000 reference. mid-elevation mountain A mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 2499 metres above sea level and slopes greater than or equal to two degrees of inclination. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 http://www.wikialps.eu/doku.php?id=wiki:mountain_and_mountain_area https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001461 A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 4500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 1 mountain A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation greater than 4500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001462 A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 3500 and 4500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 2 mountain A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 3500 and 4500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001463 A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 2500 and 3500 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 3 mountain A high-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 2500 and 3500 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001464 A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1500 and 2499 metres above sea level and a slope greater than or equal to two degrees. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 4 mountain A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1500 and 2499 metres above sea level and a slope greater than or equal to two degrees. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001465 A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1000 and 1499 metres above sea level and either 1) a slope greater than or equal to five degrees or 2) a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 5 mountain A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 1000 and 1499 metres above sea level and either 1) a slope greater than or equal to five degrees or 2) a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001466 A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 999 metres above sea level and a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 UNEP-WCMC class 6 mountain A mid-elevation mountain which has a maximum elevation between 300 and 999 metres above sea level and a local elevation range, within a 7 kilometre radius, of greater than 300 metres above sea level. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001467 An elevated inner basin or plateau surrounded by mountains, but not - itself - a mountain. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7556-2097 This is an odd class, as it's not a mountain in itself but is used to classify elevated basins and plateaus surrounded by mountains. UNEP-WCMC class 7 mountain An elevated inner basin or plateau surrounded by mountains, but not - itself - a mountain. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994468.0004 https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511044709/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/mountains/mountain_watch/pdfs/WholeReport.pdf https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20000614040 ENVO:01001468 An ecosystem which overlaps those areas of the foreshore and seabed that are exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide. coastal zone EcoLexicon:intertidal_zone FTT:240 FTT:501 LTER:941 SPIRE:Intertidal SWEETRealm:IntertidalZone https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone IntertidalZone littoral zone These semantics link with those of environmental zones. Use this class to refer to the ecosystem rather than the area that it occupies. intertidal ecosystem An ecosystem which overlaps those areas of the foreshore and seabed that are exposed to the air at low tide and submerged at high tide. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_zone LTER:941 https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=941&/intertidal IntertidalZone NASA:earthrealm ENVO:01001469 A system of constructed and manufactured products which are used by humans to produce data, information, or knowledge about material, immaterial, or processual entities. observing system ENVO:01001470 An observing system which generates long-term data about one or more entities of interest, typically using standardised methodology. observatory system ENVO:01001471 atmospheric observatory system ENVO:01001472 marine observatory system ENVO:01001473 terrestrial observatory system ENVO:01001474 astronomical observatory system ENVO:01001475 An observatory system which includes components used to generate (meta)genomic, (meta)transcriptomic, (meta)proteomic, metabolomic, and other omic data, information, and knowledge. omics observatory system An observatory system which includes components used to generate (meta)genomic, (meta)transcriptomic, (meta)proteomic, metabolomic, and other omic data, information, and knowledge. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2047-217X-3-2 https://glomicon.org ENVO:01001476 A liquid astronomical body part which is continuous and is delimited by physical discontinuities or non-liquid boundaries. body of liquid ENVO:01001477 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of liquid material. liquid astronomical body part ENVO:01001478 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of gaseous material. gaseous astronomical body part ENVO:01001479 A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. 2018-10-04T13:59:22Z fluid astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of fluid. ENVO:01001480 A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. 2018-10-04T14:04:49Z domestic building A building which is primarily used for the long-term habitation of humans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial_building ENVO:01001481 A prison facility which is owned and operated by a state. 2018-10-04T14:07:10Z correctional facility public correctional center public correctional centre public correctional facility public detention center public detention centre public gaol public jail public lock-up public penitentiary public remand center public remand centre detention center gaol jail penitentiary remand center public prison A prison facility which is owned and operated by a state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison ENVO:01001482 A tornado is an aeroform consisting of at least one rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of an astronomical body and pendant from within or beneath a cumulonimbus or cumulus cloud. 2018-10-04T16:52:06Z twister cyclone whirlwind This class refers to tornados on Earth, but can be used as the basis for a more generalised class for tornados which a composed of gaseous materials other than air. tornado A tornado is an aeroform consisting of at least one rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of an astronomical body and pendant from within or beneath a cumulonimbus or cumulus cloud. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado ENVO:01001483 A surface layer where the solid or liquid material of an astronomical body comes into contact with an atmosphere or outer space. 2018-10-04T16:55:57Z land surface a useful class: this can be used to define sub-terrestrial and sub-marine entities surface of an astronomical body ENVO:01001484 A fire whirl is a whirlwind induced by the contraction and rotation of intense, rising heat and turbulent, eddying air masses resulting from a large fire and made up of a core of burning matter surrounded by a rotating pocket of air. 2018-10-04T16:59:07Z fire devil fire swirl fire tornado fire twister firenado Note that this not a sublcass of "tornado": this is a different phenomenon formed as a result of convection induced by fire. fire whirl A fire whirl is a whirlwind induced by the contraction and rotation of intense, rising heat and turbulent, eddying air masses resulting from a large fire and made up of a core of burning matter surrounded by a rotating pocket of air. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_whirl ENVO:01001485 A tornado which comprises two or more columns of spinning air rotating about their own axis and at the same time around a common center. 2018-10-04T19:00:49Z multiple vortex tornado A tornado which comprises two or more columns of spinning air rotating about their own axis and at the same time around a common center. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado ENVO:01001486 A tornado which a) is not associated with a mesocyclone and is thus relatively weak and short-lived, b) is centred on a small, smooth condensation funnel which often does not reach the planetary surface, and c) forms a distinctively laminar cloud of dust when it makes contact with the land. 2018-10-04T19:01:01Z dust-tube tornado fair weather waterspout on land land spout landspout A tornado which a) is not associated with a mesocyclone and is thus relatively weak and short-lived, b) is centred on a small, smooth condensation funnel which often does not reach the planetary surface, and c) forms a distinctively laminar cloud of dust when it makes contact with the land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado ENVO:01001487 A tornado which connects a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud to a body of water, often transporting water from that water body along the spiraling winds constituting its vortex. 2018-10-04T19:01:17Z water spout Wikipedia notes that there is disagreement over whether to classify waterspouts as true tornadoes. waterspout A tornado which connects a cumulus or cumulonimbus cloud to a body of water, often transporting water from that water body along the spiraling winds constituting its vortex. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado ENVO:01001488 A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. 2018-10-04T19:28:01Z aircraft A vehicle which is able to travel through air in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft ENVO:01001489 A slope of land descending laterally from a hill, mountain or main crest of a ridge. 2018-10-05T18:54:23Z FTT:1177 Geonames:T.SPUR TGN:21366 spurs (physiographic) spur A slope of land descending laterally from a hill, mountain or main crest of a ridge. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spur_(topography) spurs (physiographic) ADL:FTT ENVO:01001490 A mass of environmental material which has been formed as the result of its transport into an existing mass of another material. 2018-10-05T20:04:26Z intrusion ENVO:01001491 An elevation which is flattened across its highest surface. 2018-10-05T21:12:47Z flattened elevation ENVO:01001492 A remote sensing process during which image data about an astronomical body or object is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. 2018-10-09T14:59:51Z satellite imaging A remote sensing process during which image data about an astronomical body or object is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagery ENVO:01001493 A remote sensing process during which image data about a planet is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. 2018-10-09T15:05:27Z satellite imaging of a planet A remote sensing process during which image data about a planet is generated by sensors mounted on a satellite. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_imagery ENVO:01001494 2018-10-15T19:08:51Z moonmoon ENVO:01001495 Dioxygen which is the solute in a solution with ocean water as its solvent. 2018-11-10T15:49:02Z dissolved oxygen oceanic oxygen oxygen dioxygen dissolved in marine water oxygen This is the label that GOOS uses in its EOV specification sheet, found here: https://www.goosocean.org/components/com_oe/oe.php?task=download&id=35904&version=2.0&lang=1&format=1 ENVO:01001496 A macronutrient role which inheres in nitrate, nitrogen dioxide, ammonium, silicon, or phosphate dissolved in ocean water. 2018-11-10T15:57:28Z inorganic macronutrient dissolved in ocean water ENVO:01001497 A system which is composed of carbon-based chemical entities dissolved in or otherwise part of an ocean or sea and the atmosphere adjacent to it, undergoing constant exchange through biogeochemical cycling. 2018-11-11T00:03:08Z carbonate system of the sea marine carbonate system To measure the state and dynamics of the ocean's carbonate system, at least two of the following qualities must be measured: Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC), Total Alkalinity (TA), Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), and pH. carbonate system of ocean water ENVO:01001498 A process by which landforms are formed from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ground ice. 2018-11-20T18:20:02Z thermokarst Landforms found in Thermokarst terrain include alases, thermokarst lakes, and thermokarst mounds. Landscape dominated by depressions, pits, and caves that is created by the thawing of ground ice in high latitude locations. Resembles karst landscape but is not created by chemical weathering. thermokarst formation process A process by which landforms are formed from the thawing of ice-rich permafrost or the melting of massive ground ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001499 An active ecosystem management process which targets an agricultural ecosystem. 2018-12-18T13:53:17Z agri-ecosystem management Agrarumweltmaßnahme agri-environmental management agricultural environment management active agri-ecosystem management process Agrarumweltmaßnahme https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9620-2832 INTERNAS:WS2 www.awi.de/internas ENVO:01001500 A pollution process during which artificial light with wavelengths in the visible spectrum is released into the environment. 2019-01-09T09:05:35Z Lichtverschmutzung This form of pollution is typically the result of urbanisation or similar land use change. anthropogenic light pollution Lichtverschmutzung INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas ENVO:01001501 An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. 2019-01-09T09:07:24Z anthropogenic radiation artificial radiation radiation from a manufactured product An electromagnetic radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted from a manufactured product. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance ENVO:01001502 Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. 2019-01-09T09:21:10Z optical radiation from a manufactured product visible spectrum radiation from a manufactured product Radiation from a manufactured product during which light between the wavelenghts of 380 nm and 760 nm is emitted. ENVO:01001503 A solid surface layer which is that part of a glacier in contact with a planetary atmosphere, water body, or solid material partially surrounding that glacier. 2019-01-14T15:39:35Z glacier surface glacial surface layer ENVO:01001504 A velocity quality which inheres in the surface layer of a glacier. 2019-01-14T15:42:21Z glacier surface layer velocity glacier surface velocity glacial surface layer velocity ENVO:01001505 An alpine tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2019-01-14T16:26:18Z SPIRE:Tundra http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AlpineTundra mountain tundra alpine tundra biome An alpine tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra mountain tundra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001506 An ice mass which has calved off an larger mass of ice. 2019-01-14T16:45:23Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf calved ice This definition is intentionally broad to include the multiple existing and used definitions of ice calfs. ice calf An ice mass which has calved off an larger mass of ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 This definition is intentionally broad to include the multiple existing and used definitions of ice calfs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001507 An ice calf which is suspended in a water mass, being partially exposed to an atmosphere. 2019-01-14T16:49:42Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf floating ice calf An ice calf which is suspended in a water mass, being partially exposed to an atmosphere. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001508 An ice calf which is frozen to the bed of an ocean or other water body. 2019-01-14T16:50:13Z anchored ice calf An ice calf which is frozen to the bed of an ocean or other water body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001509 An ice calf which rests on land. 2019-01-14T16:51:34Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Calf terrestrial ice calf An ice calf which rests on land. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001510 A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. 2019-01-14T18:47:32Z congelation congelation process Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. material congelation process A material transformation process during which a material's viscosity increase either through a reduction in temperature, through chemical reactions, or other physical effects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation Sometimes the increase in viscosity is great enough to crystallize or solidify the substance in question. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation ENVO:01001511 2019-01-14T18:55:42Z Water ice which is formed by the freezing of fresh water. freshwater ice ENVO:01001512 Sea ice which 1) has formed on the submerged surface (i.e. the base) of an existing mass of sea ice and 2) is composed of columnar crystals due to the downward growth of the crystals into the water. 2019-01-14T18:56:29Z black ice Congelation ice usually forms through the fusion/coalescence of platelets into solid ice. congelation sea ice Sea ice which 1) has formed on the submerged surface (i.e. the base) of an existing mass of sea ice and 2) is composed of columnar crystals due to the downward growth of the crystals into the water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 black ice Common in limnology, but frequently used in other contexts (e.g. on roads). ENVO:01001513 Water ice which has formed in a mass of permafrost. 2019-01-14T19:11:56Z permafrost congelation ice Water ice which has formed in a mass of permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001514 Freshwater ice which forms downward from the surface of a freshwater water body and is transparent due to a reduced number of air bubbles trapped in its mass. 2019-01-14T19:18:06Z black ice congelation ice in a fresh water body Freshwater ice which forms downward from the surface of a freshwater water body and is transparent due to a reduced number of air bubbles trapped in its mass. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice ENVO:01001515 Freshwater ice which forms on a solid substrate through the freezing of freshwater. 2019-01-14T19:25:08Z freshwater congelation ice Freshwater ice which forms on a solid substrate through the freezing of freshwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice ENVO:01001516 Freshwater congelation ice which has formed on a solid substrate in an ice cave. 2019-01-14T19:25:08Z 2019-01-14T19:27:40Z ice cave congelation ice Freshwater congelation ice which has formed on a solid substrate in an ice cave. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congelation_ice https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257694900_A_process-based_classification_of_alpine_ice_caves ENVO:01001517 A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents. 2019-01-14T19:46:20Z drift ice http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/DriftIce Prior to approximately 2014, drift ice was synonymous with the various grades of pack ice, described as very open (with an ice concentration of 1/10 to 3/10), open (4/10 to 6/10, with many leads and polynyas and the floes generally not in contact with one another), close (7/10 to 8/10, composed of floes mostly in contact), very close (9/10 to less than 10/10), and compact (10/10, with no water visible, called consolidated pack ice if the floes are frozen together). This is deprecated, with pack ice now referring to drift ice with a concentration equal to or above 7/10; however, other usages are still common. drift ice mass A floating mass of ice which is 1) unattached to land or land-fast ice and 2) moved by the action of winds or currents. ENVO:01001518 A drift ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. 2019-01-14T19:50:54Z drift ice http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/DriftIce drifting sea ice mass A drift ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 drift ice Researchers of sea ice typically refer to this class simply as "drift ice". ENVO:01001519 An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover a minimum of 7/10ths-8/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. 2019-01-14T20:02:00Z area of pack ice An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover a minimum of 7/10ths-8/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. http://hdl.handle.net/11329/394 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001520 An environmental zone that overlaps that part of a water body covered or partially covered by sea ice. 2019-01-14T20:02:00Z 2019-01-14T20:03:25Z area with sea ice area of sea ice An environmental zone that overlaps that part of a water body covered or partially covered by sea ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001521 An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover less than 7/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. 2019-01-14T20:38:34Z area of drift ice An area in which masses of drift ice aggregate such that they cover less than 7/10ths of the surface the water body they are floating in. http://hdl.handle.net/11329/394 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001522 A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. 2019-01-14T20:41:13Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FastIce Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. fast ice A mass of sea ice which 1) is less than 2 meters in thickness and 2) forms along the coast, where it is attached to the shore, to an ice wall, to an ice front, or between shoals or grounded icebergs. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Fast ice is central to the livelihoods of Arctic coastal communities who use it to access fishing and hunting grounds. Vertical fluctuations may be observed during changes of sea level. Fast ice may be formed on site from sea water or by freezing of pack ice of any age to the shore, and it may extend a few yards (meters) or several hundred miles (kilometers) from the coast. Fast ice may be more than one year old and may then be prefixed with appropriate age category (old, second- year, or multiyear). If it is thicker than about 7 ft (2 m) above sea level, it is called an ice shelf. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001523 Small, needle-like (spicules), plate-like, or discoid crystals derived from nearly pure fresh water, suspended in a water body. Needs to have axioms added pertaining to the semantics of colloids and suspensions once they have been resolved see: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/91#issuecomment-290711238 Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. 2019-01-14T21:09:21Z frazil crystals needle ice Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These may form in both marine water and fresh water. They represent the first stages of sea ice growth; they merge under calm conditions to form thin sheets of ice on the surface (frazil ice), and consist of nearly pure fresh water. In fresh water, they form in supercooled water that is too turbulent to permit coagulation into sheet ice. This is most common in swiftly flowing streams. They may accumulate as anchor ice on submerged objects obstructing the water flow. frazil Small, needle-like (spicules), plate-like, or discoid crystals derived from nearly pure fresh water, suspended in a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These may form in both marine water and fresh water. They represent the first stages of sea ice growth; they merge under calm conditions to form thin sheets of ice on the surface (frazil ice), and consist of nearly pure fresh water. In fresh water, they form in supercooled water that is too turbulent to permit coagulation into sheet ice. This is most common in swiftly flowing streams. They may accumulate as anchor ice on submerged objects obstructing the water flow. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001524 Land which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:18:19Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrozenGround frozen ground Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. frozen land Land which is below the freezing point of water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Perennially and seasonally frozen ground can vary from being partially to extensively frozen depending on the extent of the phase change. It may be described as hard frozen ground, plastic frozen ground, or dry frozen ground, depending on the pore ice and unfrozen water contents and its compressibility under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001525 Frozen soil which is firmly cemented by water ice, is subject to brittle failure, and exhibits practically no consolidation under load. 2019-01-14T21:23:25Z hard-frozen soil Frozen soil which is firmly cemented by water ice, is subject to brittle failure, and exhibits practically no consolidation under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001526 Soil which is below the freezing point of water. 2019-01-14T21:26:59Z frozen soil ENVO:01001527 Frozen soil which is cemented by water ice but has viscous properties due to its high, unfrozen water content and therefore will compress and deform under load. 2019-01-14T21:23:25Z 2019-01-14T21:28:28Z plastic-frozen soil Frozen soil which is cemented by water ice but has viscous properties due to its high, unfrozen water content and therefore will compress and deform under load. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001528 Frozen soil which has very low total water content and is not cemented by ice; its compressibility is the same as that of unfrozen soils having the same composition, total water content and density. 2019-01-14T21:33:56Z dry-frozen soil friable-frozen soil Frozen soil which has very low total water content and is not cemented by ice; its compressibility is the same as that of unfrozen soils having the same composition, total water content and density. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001529 An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. 2019-01-14T21:52:24Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/GlacierTerminus glacier terminus glacier toe glacier snout An ice mass which constitutes that part of a glacier which has the lowest elevation. ENVO:01001530 An ice mass which has been drilled from an accumulation of snow and ice that has built up over many years and that has recrystallized and has trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. TODO: add axiom to show this is the output of a "sampling process" 2019-01-17T16:38:41Z ice core ice sample http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceCore The composition of an ice core can be used to reconstruct past climates and climate change; typically removed from an ice sheet (Antarctica and Greenland) or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere. water ice core An ice mass which has been drilled from an accumulation of snow and ice that has built up over many years and that has recrystallized and has trapped air bubbles from previous time periods. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The composition of an ice core can be used to reconstruct past climates and climate change; typically removed from an ice sheet (Antarctica and Greenland) or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 1 ENVO:01001531 An ice field which is primarily composoed of sea ice floes greater than 10 kilometers across. 2019-01-17T17:00:31Z floating ice field http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceField The floes in a sea ice field must be greater than 10 km across, at least at one location in the field. sea ice field An ice field which is primarily composoed of sea ice floes greater than 10 kilometers across. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceField Note that SWEET's IceField only refers to sea ice fields. The floes in a sea ice field must be greater than 10 km across, at least at one location in the field. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001532 An ice field which is constituted by a continuous accumulation of snow and glacier ice that completely fills a mountain basin or covers a low-relief mountain plateau. 2019-01-17T17:14:54Z The definition in the GCW assessment notes that the depth of snow or ice must be of "a substantial depth". This is in need of specification. When the thickness become great enough, tongues of ice overflow the basins or plateaus as Valley Glaciers. glacier ice field An ice field which is constituted by a continuous accumulation of snow and glacier ice that completely fills a mountain basin or covers a low-relief mountain plateau. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The definition in the GCW assessment notes that the depth of snow or ice must be of "a substantial depth". This is in need of specification. When the thickness become great enough, tongues of ice overflow the basins or plateaus as Valley Glaciers. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001533 An advective transport process during which a mass of ice is transported from one location to another. 2019-01-31T17:51:48Z mass ice flow ENVO:01001534 An iceberg which 1) has a flat upper surface, 2) is derived from an ice shelf, ice tongue, or floating tidewater glacier via detachment. 2019-01-31T18:30:22Z barrier iceberg table iceberg tabular berg Newly formed tabular icebergs have nearly vertical sides and flat tops. In the Antarctic, they may be tens of kilometers wide, up to 160 km (100 miles) long, and as much as 300 m (1000 ft) thick, with about 30 m (100 ft) exposed above the sea surface. In the Arctic, large icebergs of this type are called ice islands, but they are considerably smaller than the largest of the antarctic variety. Has synonyms tabular berg, table iceberg. Formerly called barrier iceberg. tabular iceberg An iceberg which 1) has a flat upper surface, 2) is derived from an ice shelf, ice tongue, or floating tidewater glacier via detachment. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 barrier iceberg This synonym is no longer in common use. Newly formed tabular icebergs have nearly vertical sides and flat tops. In the Antarctic, they may be tens of kilometers wide, up to 160 km (100 miles) long, and as much as 300 m (1000 ft) thick, with about 30 m (100 ft) exposed above the sea surface. In the Arctic, large icebergs of this type are called ice islands, but they are considerably smaller than the largest of the antarctic variety. Has synonyms tabular berg, table iceberg. Formerly called barrier iceberg. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001535 An ice mass which is composed of a large amount of sea ice in the form of a hummock or a group of such hummocks, frozen together and separated from any surrounding ice by sea water. 2019-01-31T19:00:41Z Floebergs may float up to 17 ft (5 m) above sea level. floeberg An ice mass which is composed of a large amount of sea ice in the form of a hummock or a group of such hummocks, frozen together and separated from any surrounding ice by sea water. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Floebergs may float up to 17 ft (5 m) above sea level. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001536 An ice mass which is composed primarily of sea ice. 2019-01-31T19:06:40Z sea ice mass ENVO:01001537 An elevation which is formed by pressure at the point of contact between ice floes, resulting in a conglomeration of broken ice. 2019-01-31T19:11:58Z Sea ice hummocks may be fresh or weathered. The weathering of hummocks is similar to young mountain peaks with steep slopes that erode into smooth, rolling hills, in this case during the summer melt season. The submerged volume of broken ice under the hummock, forced downwards by pressure, is termed a bummock. sea ice hummock An elevation which is formed by pressure at the point of contact between ice floes, resulting in a conglomeration of broken ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Sea ice hummocks may be fresh or weathered. The weathering of hummocks is similar to young mountain peaks with steep slopes that erode into smooth, rolling hills, in this case during the summer melt season. The submerged volume of broken ice under the hummock, forced downwards by pressure, is termed a bummock. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001538 A hummock which is primarily composed of soil that has been pushed up by frost action. 2019-01-31T19:11:58Z 2019-01-31T19:17:20Z hummock Permafrost hummocks are often found in uniformly spaced large groups. Hummocks can form in areas of permafrost or seasonally frozen ground, and are one of the most common surface features of the Arctic. frost-formed hummock A hummock which is primarily composed of soil that has been pushed up by frost action. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Permafrost hummocks are often found in uniformly spaced large groups. Hummocks can form in areas of permafrost or seasonally frozen ground, and are one of the most common surface features of the Arctic. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001539 A valley glacier which has one or more tributary glaciers as parts. 2019-01-31T19:59:05Z branched valley glacier A valley glacier which has one or more tributary glaciers as parts. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001540 A valley glacier which does not have any tributary glaciers flowing into it. Definition should be revised in a positivist mode. 2019-01-31T20:03:37Z simple valley glacier A valley glacier which does not have any tributary glaciers flowing into it. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_glacier#Types_of_glaciers https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001541 A glacier which flows into a larger glacier. 2019-01-31T20:08:24Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_glacier Tributary glaciers usually merge into a glacier which is at lower elevation. tributary glacier A glacier which flows into a larger glacier. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Tributary glaciers usually merge into a glacier which is at lower elevation. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001542 A surface layer which is composed primarily of ice. 2019-01-31T20:22:31Z ice surface layer ENVO:01001543 An ice surface layer which is primarily composed of water ice. 2019-01-31T20:23:31Z water ice surface layer ENVO:01001544 An two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary which overlaps the surface layer of a mass of ice. 2019-01-31T20:25:26Z This class was created during a semantic harmonisation exercise with the SWEET resource, currently adminstered by Earth Science Information Partners. Its subclass(es) are mapped to the corresponding SWEET terms, which were determined to align with fiat boundaries rather than physical ones. two-dimensional fiat ice surface ENVO:01001545 A two-dimensional fiat ice surface which overlaps the surface layer of a mass of water ice. 2019-01-31T20:28:29Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/IceSurface This class was created during a semantic harmonisation exercise with the SWEET resource, currently adminstered by Earth Science Information Partners. It is mapped to the corresponding SWEET term, which was determined to align with fiat boundaries rather than physical ones. two-dimensional fiat water ice surface ENVO:01001546 An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. 2019-01-31T20:46:21Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Iceberg The greater part of an iceberg's mass (4/5 to 8/9) is below sea level, which makes them dangerous to shipping in high and mid-latitude regions of the ocean. The top of an ice berg usually protrudes more than 5 m above water-level and typically extends from tens of meters to many tens of kilometres across. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, dry-docked, blocky, weathered or glacier bergs in addition to having a size qualifier. Icebergs are not sea ice, when they melt they add fresh water to the ocean. The unmodified term "iceberg" usually refers to the irregular masses of ice formed by the calving of glaciers along an orographically rough coast, whereas tabular icebergs and ice islands are calved from an ice shelf, while bergs formed from sea ice are called floebergs. In decreasing size, they are classified as: ice island (few thousand square meters to 500 km^2 in area); tabular iceberg; iceberg; bergy bit (less than 5 m above sea level, between 1 and 200 m^2 in area); and growler (less than 1 m above sea level, about 20 m^2 in area). Alaskan icebergs rarely exceed 500 feet in maximum dimension. Antarctic icebergs originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. iceberg An ice mass which has broken away from a larger ice mass on land, such as a glacier or ice shelf, and may be either afloat or aground. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 The greater part of an iceberg's mass (4/5 to 8/9) is below sea level, which makes them dangerous to shipping in high and mid-latitude regions of the ocean. The top of an ice berg usually protrudes more than 5 m above water-level and typically extends from tens of meters to many tens of kilometres across. Icebergs may be described as tabular, dome-shaped, sloping, pinnacled, dry-docked, blocky, weathered or glacier bergs in addition to having a size qualifier. Icebergs are not sea ice, when they melt they add fresh water to the ocean. The unmodified term "iceberg" usually refers to the irregular masses of ice formed by the calving of glaciers along an orographically rough coast, whereas tabular icebergs and ice islands are calved from an ice shelf, while bergs formed from sea ice are called floebergs. In decreasing size, they are classified as: ice island (few thousand square meters to 500 km^2 in area); tabular iceberg; iceberg; bergy bit (less than 5 m above sea level, between 1 and 200 m^2 in area); and growler (less than 1 m above sea level, about 20 m^2 in area). Alaskan icebergs rarely exceed 500 feet in maximum dimension. Antarctic icebergs originate from the ice mass of the Antarctic continent that has accumulated over many thousands of years. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001547 An ice mass which has formed over land. 2019-01-31T20:56:24Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/LandIce Land ice is any part of the Earth's seasonal or perennial ice cover that has formed over land as the result, principally, of the freezing of precipitation; opposed to sea ice formed by the freezing of seawater. Thus, an iceberg or tabular iceberg is land ice as well as its parent glacier, ice sheet, or ice shelf. The two major concentrations of land ice are the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers and ice caps are the other important forms; however, some members of the glaciology community hold that glaciers (i.e. rock glaciers) need not have any ice. land ice mass An ice mass which has formed over land. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Land ice is any part of the Earth's seasonal or perennial ice cover that has formed over land as the result, principally, of the freezing of precipitation; opposed to sea ice formed by the freezing of seawater. Thus, an iceberg or tabular iceberg is land ice as well as its parent glacier, ice sheet, or ice shelf. The two major concentrations of land ice are the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. Glaciers and ice caps are the other important forms; however, some members of the glaciology community hold that glaciers (i.e. rock glaciers) need not have any ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001548 A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. 2019-01-31T21:13:16Z freezing A material congelation process during which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its melting point. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freezing ENVO:01001549 A freezing process during which liquid water is transformed into water ice. 2019-01-31T21:16:46Z freezing of water into water ice 2 ENVO:01001550 An ice lead which occurs in a marine water body and is bounded by sea ice. 2019-02-27T19:08:33Z lead http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead sea-ice lead An ice lead which occurs in a marine water body and is bounded by sea ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead Alignment uncertain, to be revised pending SWEET clarification. ENVO:01001551 A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. 2019-02-27T19:26:14Z lead http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead Generally, leads are wide enough (and deep enough) for navigation by surface vessels. The term is generally applied to linear features. If the open area is very large it may be called a polynya, although the application of these terms is under debate. ice lead A surface layer of a water body which has been formed as the result of surface ice fracturing and moving apart. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Lead Alignment uncertain, to be revised pending SWEET clarification. ENVO:01001552 An ice lead between a mass of fast ice and a mass of pack ice. 2019-02-27T19:30:04Z lead flaw lead An ice lead between a mass of fast ice and a mass of pack ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001553 An ice lead which occurs between the shore and pack ice. 2019-02-27T19:30:36Z lead shore lead An ice lead which occurs between the shore and pack ice. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001554 A water surface that is part of a water body. 2019-02-27T21:22:13Z surface layer of a water body ENVO:01001555 An ice lead within which new, nilas, and young ice has formed. 2019-02-27T19:30:36Z lead frozen lead An ice lead within which new, nilas, and young ice has formed. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001556 A drift ice mass which has an ice concentration above or equal to 7/10: which covers 70% or more of a given area of a water body. 2019-01-14T19:46:20Z http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/PackIce drift ice pack ice mass A drift ice mass which has an ice concentration above or equal to 7/10: which covers 70% or more of a given area of a water body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 drift ice Prior to approximately 2014, "pack ice" was used for all ranges of drift ice concentrations, thus the terms were in close synonymy. ENVO:01001557 Ice which has formed as the result of freezing of water which was part of a water body. 2019-02-27T20:07:15Z In the United States, NOAA considers ice formed from the freezing of the waters of the Great Lakes as being the same as sea ice. This class attempts to provide a distinction for clarity. water-body-derived ice Ice which has formed as the result of freezing of water which was part of a water body. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 In the United States, NOAA considers ice formed from the freezing of the waters of the Great Lakes as being the same as sea ice. This class attempts to provide a distinction for clarity. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001558 An environmental zone which overlaps that part of an ocean or sea within which 1) sea ice is present only part of the year, 2) extends from the permanent ice zone to the boundary where winter sea ice extent is at a maximum, and 3) primarily overlaps first-year ice when seasonal ice is present. 2019-02-27T20:17:41Z As this part of the environment is defined by a seasonal process, some of its differentia aren't physically there at all times of its existence.Thus, all boundaries of this entity are fiat. area of seasonal sea ice An environmental zone which overlaps that part of an ocean or sea within which 1) sea ice is present only part of the year, 2) extends from the permanent ice zone to the boundary where winter sea ice extent is at a maximum, and 3) primarily overlaps first-year ice when seasonal ice is present. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:01001559 A layer which is composed of ground that 1) remains unfrozen due to increased solute concentration and 2) is present within a mass of permafrost. 2019-03-01T23:23:15Z cryopeg A layer which is composed of ground that 1) remains unfrozen due to increased solute concentration and 2) is present within a mass of permafrost. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary?keys=cryopeg ENVO:01001560 An environmental material which is primarily composed of a dispersed phase of insoluable particles, approximately between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer in maximum dimension, distributed throughout a material acting as a medium of suspension. 2019-03-02T12:39:26Z colloid Wikipedia lists several forms of colloidal suspension such as colloidal aerosols, colloidal emulsions, colloidal foams, colloidal dispersions, or hydrosols. colloidal suspension An environmental material which is primarily composed of a dispersed phase of insoluable particles, approximately between 1 nanometer and 1 micrometer in maximum dimension, distributed throughout a material acting as a medium of suspension. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloid ENVO:01001561 An environmental material which is solid, jelly-like, and exhibits no flow when in steady state material and which contains liquid dispersed in and held in place by cross-linked structures of a solid medium. 2019-03-02T12:48:05Z gel An environmental material which is solid, jelly-like, and exhibits no flow when in steady state material and which contains liquid dispersed in and held in place by cross-linked structures of a solid medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel ENVO:01001562 A gel which is primarily composed of a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. 2019-03-02T12:54:02Z hydrogel A gel which is primarily composed of a network of polymer chains that are hydrophilic, sometimes found as a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel#Hydrogels ENVO:01001563 Particulate environmental material which 1) is primarily composed of a fine, granular material such as sand, silt, or clay suspended in and saturated by water and 2) readily liquefies when weight is applied, losing strength and permitting objects to sink until their weight and buoyancy offset the weight of the displaced quicksand. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. 2019-03-02T13:00:27Z quicksand Particulate environmental material which 1) is primarily composed of a fine, granular material such as sand, silt, or clay suspended in and saturated by water and 2) readily liquefies when weight is applied, losing strength and permitting objects to sink until their weight and buoyancy offset the weight of the displaced quicksand. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksand ENVO:01001564 An aggregate of raindrops falling to a planetary surface during a precipitation process. 2019-03-02T13:50:58Z rain ENVO:01001565 Rain which is composed of water droplets falling to a planetary surface during a rainfall process. 2019-03-02T13:52:48Z water-based rain ENVO:01001566 Sound which is lower in frequency than 20 Hertz, or cycles per second. 2019-03-02T14:06:26Z inaudible sound low-frequency sound 20 Hertz is the average limit of human hearing. infrasound Sound which is lower in frequency than 20 Hertz, or cycles per second. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrasound ENVO:01001567 An environmental zone which 1) contains ecosystems, constructed features, or other entities deemed to be of natural, historical, cultural, or other significance and 2) has been afforded legal protections restricting one or more forms of use by a competent authority. 2019-03-03T00:21:59Z preserve reserve protected area ENVO:01001568 An elevation which is formed as an ice mass forms under soil, resulting in upwards deformation of the land surface. 2019-03-04T23:07:57Z frost heaving frost heave An elevation which is formed as an ice mass forms under soil, resulting in upwards deformation of the land surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving ENVO:01001570 An ecoregion which is located on a landmass. 2019-03-05T17:40:44Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biome-categories/terrestrial-ecoregions terrestrial ecoregion ENVO:01001581 A surface layer which is part of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T01:22:01Z At this level, the depth of this layer is ambiguous. Some methods (telemetry) measure only the first few centimeters of the sea or ocean surface. In situ methods often sample the first few meters. Subclasses can be created for such cases. Sea surface layer is also used to refer to the surfaces of oceans. sea surface layer ENVO:01001582 Land which is present within a forest biome. 2019-03-06T20:05:30Z forest floor Land which is present within a forest biome. ENVO:01001606 2019-03-19T16:29:10Z http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/LCSAZZ01/ speed of a water current http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/LCSAZZ01/ The original label in the NERC VS P01 was: "Speed of water current (Eulerian measurement) in the water body". We don't address the methodological dimension here. ENVO:01001607 A hydroform which is maintained by a continuous, directed movement of water, generated by disequilibria in a water mass. 2019-03-19T16:31:41Z Depth contours, shoreline configurations and interaction with other currents influence a current's direction and strength. water current ENVO:01001608 A fuel oil which 1) is derived from petroleum oil, 2) has a strong odor, 3) produces large quantities of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is less refined than fuel oils such as paraffin. 2019-03-21T16:13:05Z kerosene kerosine kerosine oil liquid kerosene For speakers of British English, kerosene is often referred to as paraffin. kerosene oil A fuel oil which 1) is derived from petroleum oil, 2) has a strong odor, 3) produces large quantities of soot relative to other fuel oils, 4) is less refined than fuel oils such as paraffin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene https://www.nationwidefuels.co.uk/difference-kerosene-paraffin/ https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-paraffin-and-kerosene/ ENVO:01001609 A layer which is part of a cryosphere. 2019-04-09T13:05:25Z cryospheric layer ENVO:01001610 A layer of environmental material which is subject to freeze-thaw cycles. 2019-04-09T13:08:48Z active layer active layer in a cryosphere ENVO:01001611 A warming process during which the thermal energy in a portion of environmental material is sufficient to melt water-based ice or snow. 2019-04-09T13:17:56Z thawing Note that ice or snow need not be present in the material in order for it to undergo thawing. The semantics of 'thaw' vs 'melt' are debated in fields such as permafrost geology/physics. This module is thus likely to be dynamic. thawing process A warming process during which the thermal energy in a portion of environmental material is sufficient to melt water-based ice or snow. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thaw https://wikidiff.com/melt/thaw ENVO:01001612 A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is increased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. 2019-04-09T13:26:10Z Note that melting need not involve warming (e.g. due to extreme gravitational effects). See the melting hierarchy for more terms. material warming process A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is increased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warming ENVO:01001613 A thawing process during which permafrost is warmed beyond the melting point of water-based ice, snow, or other forms of solid water. 2019-04-09T13:41:52Z permafrost thawing process A thawing process during which permafrost is warmed beyond the melting point of water-based ice, snow, or other forms of solid water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost ENVO:01001614 Permafrost which contains inclusions of water-based ice. 2019-04-09T13:45:40Z ice-bearing permafrost ENVO:01001615 A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is decreased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. 2019-04-09T14:00:20Z Note that ice formation, freezing, etc may have this process as a part, but may also occur without temperature decreases (e.g. through extreme gravitational effects). See the material congelation process hierarchy for more. material cooling process A process during which the temperature of a portion of environmental material is decreased, along with the kinetic energy of its constituent molecules. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/warming ENVO:01001616 Soil which is directly exposed to the atmosphere - with no intervening layer of plant life or other cover - and thus the effects of weathering and erosion. 2019-04-15T10:15:14Z bare soil ENVO:01001617 A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. 2019-04-24T18:29:18Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation This term is used both as a process and as an amount of mass added. Semantically speaking these are two distinct concepts (e.g., accumulation results in accumulation_amount of ice or snow gain), though accumulation_amount would more likely be an attribute. The scope of this term varies depending on the definition. Some definitions constrain themselves snow or ice added to glaciers; while others also include ice fields, snow cover, and/or floating ice. How to resolve this depends on the scope desired. Some definitions include additional discussion of the the physics involved which would be useful for connecting glacier ontologies to atmospheric, hydrologic, etc. ontologies. This information should be captured no matter how the inconsistencies above are resolved. snow accumulation process A material accumulation process during which the mass of snow on a surface increases. ENVO:01001618 A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:48:53Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which ice forms in an environmental material or an existing accumulation of ice increases in mass. ENVO:01001619 A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. 2019-04-24T18:59:45Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow and ice accumulation process A material accumulation process during which a accumulation of snow and ice forms or increases in mass. ENVO:01001620 A object which is composed primarily of water-based snow and ice. 2019-04-24T19:08:03Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation mass of ice and snow ENVO:01001621 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed. 2019-04-24T19:51:34Z englacial A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located within a glacier or ice sheet, between their summer surface or bed. ENVO:01001622 An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet. 2019-04-24T19:59:58Z http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Englacial englacial process An environmental system process which occurs within a glacier or ice sheet. ENVO:01001623 A glacial surface layer which is present at the point in time where any given part of a glacier reaches its minimum annual mass. 2019-04-24T20:10:03Z Note that the glacial summer surface is diachronous. The time that the summer surface is present on a glacier can vary from point to point along the entire glacier. That is, while a high-elevation region of a glacier may have reached its minimum, lower elevation regions may still be ablating. The summer surface is the surface on which the first snow of the new balance year falls. It is easily detectable when it consists of glacier ice, which now includes superimposed ice added during the previous balance year. In the firn area it is recognizable as a well-marked crust, that is, a thin, relatively strong layer with a density near that of ice, and sometimes also (or instead) as a layer of depth hoar at the base of the current year's accumulation. The crust typically originates by recrystallization of the surface snow in late summer to form glaze. It may also be marked by an accumulation of sediment or wind-blown dust. It can be difficult to detect when melting and snowfall alternate during the transition between the ablation season and the accumulation season. In some mass-balance programmes the summer surface is 'labelled' in the vicinity of stakes with a distinctive material, such as sawdust, during a visit late in the ablation season. glacial summer surface A glacial surface layer which is present at the point in time where any given part of a glacier reaches its minimum annual mass. ENVO:01001624 A glacial surface layer which is adjacent to the bedrock or debris over which a glacier flows. 2019-04-24T20:21:53Z glacial bed A glacial surface layer which is adjacent to the bedrock or debris over which a glacier flows. ENVO:01001625 A tundra ecosystem which is subject to polar climatic conditions. 2019-04-26T16:02:09Z polar tundra ecosystem ENVO:01001629 An ecosystem which is determined by the presence of rounded mineral concretions primarily composed of manganese hydroxides on the seafloor. 2019-05-06T09:41:10Z https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5607-4012 manganese nodule ecosystem polymetallic nodule field These are typically found in deep-sea environments - where polymetallic nodules (rounded mineral concretions containing manganese hydroxides and a variety of other minerals) are found at the surface at densities of up to 70 % of the surface area. The nodules provide a substrate for attached hard-bottom fauna to settle in areas where soft-sediments prevail. polymetallic nodule ecosystem ENVO:01001630 A water flow process during which fresh or brackish groundwater flows from from a landmass into the sea. 2019-05-22T14:15:08Z submarine groundwater discharge process A water flow process during which fresh or brackish groundwater flows from from a landmass into the sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine_groundwater_discharge ENVO:01001631 A water flow process during which water flows out of an aquifer. 2019-05-22T14:18:15Z groundwater discharge process A water flow process during which water flows out of an aquifer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_discharge ENVO:01001632 A water flow process during which water is transported through an aquifer. 2019-05-22T14:22:43Z groundwater flow A water flow process during which water is transported through an aquifer. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_discharge ENVO:01001633 An environmental pollution process during which contaminants derived from agricultural activity are released into an environmental system. 2019-05-29T08:01:44Z Verschumutzung durch Landwirtschaft Examples include the release of pesticies and/or antibiotic-laden animal waste into water bodies. agricultural pollution An environmental pollution process during which contaminants derived from agricultural activity are released into an environmental system. INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas ENVO:01001634 An active agri-ecosystem management process during which the variability of land use types or the spatial structure of land under agricultural production is increased. 2019-05-29T08:19:55Z Agrarlandschaftsdiversifizierung This includes the introduction or balancing of cover types such as forests, crops, grassland, or land covered by crop cultivars such as wheat, maize, legumes, vegetables. agricultural landscape diversification process An active agri-ecosystem management process during which the variability of land use types or the spatial structure of land under agricultural production is increased. INTERNAS:WS2 http://awi.de/internas https://www.ipbes.net/system/tdf/downloads/pdf/ipbes_4_19_annex_ii_spm_pollination_en.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=28363 ENVO:01001635 A conservation process during which the variability of life - from genes to ecosystems - is preserved. 2019-05-29T08:25:13Z biodiversity conservation process ENVO:01001636 A biodiversity conservation process during which the variability of insect communities, or parts thereof, is preserved. 2019-05-29T08:26:59Z Like other forms of conservation, planned management actions (i.e. preservation, maintenance, sustainable use, recovery, enhancement) of natural resources or of a particular ecosystem is typically employed to halt, reverse or slow-down the die off of insects from the impacts of anthropic exploitation or pollution. insect conservation process A biodiversity conservation process during which the variability of insect communities, or parts thereof, is preserved. INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/15073 ENVO:01001637 An active agri-ecosystem management process during which an ecosystem is modified for the production of one or a small collection of crops or other agricultural products. 2019-05-29T08:45:22Z Spezialisierung der Landwirtschaft Agricultural specialisation is often a means to produce sufficiently large quantities of crops to compete in global markets. Entire landscapes and regions are often dedicated to such production. agricultural specialisation process An active agri-ecosystem management process during which an ecosystem is modified for the production of one or a small collection of crops or other agricultural products. INTERNAS:WS2 http://www.awi.de/internas ENVO:01001638 Soil in which segregated ice will form (causing frost heave) under the required conditions of moisture supply and temperature. The label would apply to all soils in which frost can form, however, the definition of this class suggests that ice segregation is a key property that differentiates this type of soil from others. 2019-05-30T19:07:20Z frost-susceptible soil Soil in which segregated ice will form (causing frost heave) under the required conditions of moisture supply and temperature. The authoritative definition can be found in the USPA Glossary. Note that the original definition references "earth materials" rather than "soil". ENVO:01001639 A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. 2019-05-30T21:07:51Z atmospheric formation of a solid aerosol formation of a solid aerosol in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol in the atmosphere formation of solid particles from liquid material in an atmosphere formation of a solid aerosol from liquid material in an atmosphere A process during which microscopic solid particulates are formed from liquid materials in an atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates ENVO:01001640 A process during which supercooled water droplets in a cloud freeze into ice crystals. 2019-05-30T21:10:14Z glaciation glaciation of water droplets in a cloud ENVO:01001641 An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures fall resulting in planet-wide glacier advances. 2019-05-30T21:15:07Z glacial glacial period glacierisation Note that there has been long debate over the usage of this term, leading to some of the ambiguity resolved across the various classes featuring 'glaciation' as a label or synonym in ENVO. For example, see https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-glaciology/article/glacierization/354F9D3447C4AE8159D984B235114DE6/core-reader glaciation An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures fall resulting in planet-wide glacier advances. ENVO:01001642 An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures rise and result in planet-wide glacier retreat. 2019-05-30T21:17:30Z interglacial period interglacial An interval of time within an ice age and during which temperatures rise and result in planet-wide glacier retreat. ENVO:01001643 A temporal interval during which a planet's surface and atmospheric temperatures fall, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets or alpine glaciers. 2019-05-30T21:21:24Z ice age A temporal interval during which a planet's surface and atmospheric temperatures fall, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental and polar ice sheets or alpine glaciers. ENVO:01001644 2019-06-02T07:35:09Z Carbonate which is formed as the result of some biological process. material primarily composed of biogenic carbonates ENVO:01001645 That part of an atmosphere which is composed of gaseous material. 2019-06-02T07:52:47Z gaseous part of an atmosphere ENVO:01001646 A solid material which does not have a regularly organised internal structure. 2019-06-02T11:07:47Z amorphous solid ENVO:01001647 A colloidal suspension which is dispersed through a part of a hydrosphere. 2019-06-02T11:11:54Z colloid suspended in a hydrosphere ENVO:01001648 Colloidal sediment which is suspended in a part of the hydrosphere. 2019-06-02T11:19:48Z suspended colloidal sediment ENVO:01001649 An environmental material which is denser than bromoform. Axiomatising this with relational density qualities pinned to bromoform would be the next step. 2019-06-02T11:25:56Z heavy fraction material An environmental material which is denser than bromoform. ENVO:01001650 An environmental material which is less dense than bromoform. Axiomatising this with relational density qualities pinned to bromoform would be the next step. 2019-06-02T11:33:10Z light fraction material An environmental material which is less dense than bromoform. ENVO:01001651 Waterborne particulate matter which is part of a hydrosphere. 2019-06-02T11:43:36Z particulate matter in a hydrosphere ENVO:01001652 An aerosol that is suspended in an atmosphere. 2019-06-03T12:24:09Z atmospheric aerosol ENVO:01001653 An estuary in which mixing by tidal forcing exceeds the force of riverine output, resulting in thorough homogenisation of the estuary's water column and the disappearance of a vertical salinity gradient and the freshwater-seawater boundary. well-mixed estuary An estuary in which mixing by tidal forcing exceeds the force of riverine output, resulting in thorough homogenisation of the estuary's water column and the disappearance of a vertical salinity gradient and the freshwater-seawater boundary. ENVO:01001654 A material transformation process during which solid or liquid particles form and are suspended in a mass of air, thus creating an aerosol. 2019-06-24T13:43:29Z aerosol formation process ENVO:01001655 An environmental process which involves glaciers or ice sheets. 2019-06-24T17:12:30Z Note that ice sheets and glaciers are confounded and confused in multiple communities and across multiple sources. glacial process Note that ice sheets and glaciers are confounded and confused in multiple communities and across multiple sources. ENVO:01001656 A glacial ice loss process during which the snout (toe) of a glacier shrinks following successive years of negative mass balance. 2019-06-24T17:21:38Z glacier retreat Glacial retreat is usually evident from the recession of the ice margin on land, or calving in the sea, but also from down-wasting. glacial retreat A glacial ice loss process during which the snout (toe) of a glacier shrinks following successive years of negative mass balance. Glacial retreat is usually evident from the recession of the ice margin on land, or calving in the sea, but also from down-wasting. ENVO:01001657 An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass onto land. 2019-06-24T17:33:46Z calving of ice onto land An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass onto land. ENVO:01001658 An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass into a body of water. 2019-06-24T17:36:27Z calving of ice into water An ice calving process during which a mass of ice falls from a larger mass into a body of water. ENVO:01001659 A frost action process which occurs in cold environments which are not part of a glacier. 2019-06-24T17:39:31Z periglaciation Past usage of this term referenced climatic and geomorphic conditions in areas periperal to Pleistocene ice sheets and glaciers. Modern usage refers, however, to a wider range of cold climatic conditions regardless of their proximity to a Glacier, either in space or time. Many, but not all, Periglacial Environments possess Permafrost; all are dominated by Frost Action processes. periglacial process A frost action process which occurs in cold environments which are not part of a glacier. Past usage of this term referenced climatic and geomorphic conditions in areas periperal to Pleistocene ice sheets and glaciers. Modern usage refers, however, to a wider range of cold climatic conditions regardless of their proximity to a Glacier, either in space or time. Many, but not all, Periglacial Environments possess Permafrost; all are dominated by Frost Action processes. ENVO:01001660 A material transport process during which alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in soil, rock and other materials results modifications of those materials and in the formation of structures on, or in, the ground. 2019-06-24T17:43:00Z Frost action in soils describes the processes of Frost Heave that occurs in the ground during the freezing period, and Thaw Weakening that occurs as the seasonally Frozen Ground thaws. Although it normally refers to seasonal freezing and thawing processes and effects, the term Frost action has also been used to describe the long-term heaving that occurs when soils are subjected continuously to a freezing temperature over a long period of time (years). Frost action contributes to the mechanical weathering (disintegration or breakdown) of soil and rock materials, by frost wedging, Cryoturbation activity, and to the development of cryotexture and cryogenic fabric in soils. frost action process A material transport process during which alternate freezing and thawing of moisture in soil, rock and other materials results modifications of those materials and in the formation of structures on, or in, the ground. Frost action in soils describes the processes of Frost Heave that occurs in the ground during the freezing period, and Thaw Weakening that occurs as the seasonally Frozen Ground thaws. Although it normally refers to seasonal freezing and thawing processes and effects, the term Frost action has also been used to describe the long-term heaving that occurs when soils are subjected continuously to a freezing temperature over a long period of time (years). Frost action contributes to the mechanical weathering (disintegration or breakdown) of soil and rock materials, by frost wedging, Cryoturbation activity, and to the development of cryotexture and cryogenic fabric in soils. ENVO:01001661 A frost action process during which objects embedded in the ground are cumulatively displaced upwards. 2019-06-24T17:43:13Z frost jacking A frost action process during which objects embedded in the ground are cumulatively displaced upwards. ENVO:01001662 A frost action process during which the soil particles are differentially displaced according to their size ranges. 2019-06-24T17:43:43Z frost sorting A frost action process during which the soil particles are differentially displaced according to their size ranges. ENVO:01001663 A frost action process during which the pressure of water freezing in cracks, crevices, pores, joints or bedding planes results in the mechanical disintegration, splitting or break-up of rock. 2019-06-24T17:43:49Z frost wedging A frost action process during which the pressure of water freezing in cracks, crevices, pores, joints or bedding planes results in the mechanical disintegration, splitting or break-up of rock. ENVO:01001664 A frost action process during which soil is displaced. 2019-06-24T17:44:01Z The processes that form irregular structures in earth materials characterized by folded, broken and dislocated beds, and lenses of unconsolidated deposits, including organic horizons and even bedrock. These processes include deep frost penetration, frost action, frost heaving, thaw settlement and all differential movements, including expansion and contraction due to temperature changes and the growth and disappearance of ground ice bodies, whether perennial or seasonal. Low temperatures alone are not enough to produce cryoturbation; the water-ice phase change is necessary. Cryoturbation is an important process in the development of patterned ground. cryoturbation of soil A frost action process during which soil is displaced. ENVO:01001665 A mass of soil moved or disturbed by frost action. 2019-06-24T17:56:32Z soil cryoturbate A mass of soil moved or disturbed by frost action. ENVO:01001666 A water flow process which comprises a sudden‐onset high‐magnitude discharge of water and sediment from a glacial source 2019-07-03T14:50:41Z Jokuelhlaup Jokulhlaup Jökulhlaup Glacial runs occur in virtually all glaciated regions of the world and are most commonly directly sourced from any part of a glacier where water can accumulate into a lake. A jökulhlaup usually occurs because a glacial lake drains rapidly due to failure of an ice dam or moraine dam. glacial run A water flow process which comprises a sudden‐onset high‐magnitude discharge of water and sediment from a glacial source Glacial runs occur in virtually all glaciated regions of the world and are most commonly directly sourced from any part of a glacier where water can accumulate into a lake. A jökulhlaup usually occurs because a glacial lake drains rapidly due to failure of an ice dam or moraine dam. ENVO:01001667 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being derived from, part of, or otherwise dependent on the seas or oceans. 2019-07-15T18:16:01Z This class takes the broader meaning of this term. Note that some usages refer to smaller bodies of water, as seas and gulfs, as distinguished from large oceanic bodies. thalassic A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being derived from, part of, or otherwise dependent on the seas or oceans. ENVO:01001668 Part of an atmosphere which contains a weather front, bounded by frontal surfaces. 2019-08-20T08:08:36Z frontal zone atmospheric frontal zone Part of an atmosphere which contains a weather front, bounded by frontal surfaces. ENVO:01001669 An aquaculture process during which marine organisms are cultivated in the open ocean, an enclosure in the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater. 2019-07-15T21:49:02Z mariculture mariculture process An aquaculture process during which marine organisms are cultivated in the open ocean, an enclosure in the ocean, or in tanks, ponds or raceways which are filled with seawater. ENVO:01001670 A mariculture process during which organisms are cultivated in cages which allow the passage of materials such as wastes, pathogens, antibiotics, and - should a containment breach occur - cultivated organisms themselves to and from the surrounding marine environment. 2019-07-15T22:00:48Z open cage mariculture process A mariculture process during which organisms are cultivated in cages which allow the passage of materials such as wastes, pathogens, antibiotics, and - should a containment breach occur - cultivated organisms themselves to and from the surrounding marine environment. ENVO:01001671 A construction which contains the equipment needed to perform mariculture in open cages - permitting the exchange of material with the surrounding marine water. 2019-07-15T22:31:31Z open cage mariculture facility A construction which contains the equipment needed to perform mariculture in open cages - permitting the exchange of material with the surrounding marine water. ENVO:01001672 A gaseous surface layer which is composed of the warmer air mass(es) along the horizontal density and temperature discontinuity in a weather front. 2019-08-20T08:25:43Z frontal surface As stated in the AMS Glossary, this is one interpretation of the term "front", namely "frontal surfaces across which the horizontal density gradient is discontinuous (frontal surface usually refers specifically to the warmer side of the frontal zone);" frontal surface of a weather front A gaseous surface layer which is composed of the warmer air mass(es) along the horizontal density and temperature discontinuity in a weather front. ENVO:01001673 A surface layer which is composed primarily of some liquid or gas. 2019-08-20T08:28:42Z fluid surface layer ENVO:01001674 A cline across which one or more solid environmental materials dissolve into their surrounding fluid. 2019-07-22T17:08:27Z This cline is typically horizontal, with qualities varying with depth. lysocline ENVO:01001675 A cline across which nutrient content of a fluid changes rapidly. 2019-07-22T17:12:01Z nutricline ENVO:01001676 A cline which is part of a marine water body. 2019-07-22T17:19:02Z marine cline ENVO:01001677 A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-07-22T17:29:44Z fluid interface layer A surface layer which separates two portions of fluid with respect to either 1) a discontinuity of some fluid property or 2) some derivative of one of these properties in a direction normal to the interface. ENVO:01001678 A layer which is composed primarily of some fluid. 2019-07-22T17:35:08Z fluid layer ENVO:01001679 A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. 2019-07-22T17:43:32Z fluid front A fluid interface which separates two fluid masses with differing properties. ENVO:01001680 A fluid front which is composed primarily of gaseous material and separates at least two gaseous masses. 2019-07-22T17:50:08Z gaseous front 2 ENVO:01001681 A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. 2019-07-22T17:57:21Z meteorological front This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." weather front A gaseous front which separates two masses of air with different densities and is a principal cause of meteorological phenomena. This class refers to Earth's weather fronts. Other forms, not composed of air, are present on other planets and can be created on request. Note: "Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates air masses of different temperature. Along with the basic density criterion and the common temperature criterion, many other features may distinguish a front, such as a pressure trough, a change in wind direction, a moisture discontinuity, and certain characteristic cloud and precipitation forms." ENVO:01001682 An object which is composed of a continuous mass of air. 2019-08-20T07:54:32Z air mass ENVO:01001683 A fluid surface layer which is composed primarily of some gaseous material. 2019-08-20T08:30:01Z gaseous surface layer ENVO:01001684 A layer which separates two portions of environmental material which possess 1) differing compositions, 2) a discontinuity of some property, or 3) some derivative of some property in a direction normal to the interface. 2019-08-20T09:28:10Z interface layer ENVO:01001685 A mass of gas which is separated from its surroundings by either 1) a thin liquid layer or 2) a physical or compositional discontinuity. The thin liquid layer case applies to, e.g., soap bubbles in air. The physical or compositional discontinuity case applies to, e.g., bubbles of CO2 in air or bubbles of air in water. bubble ENVO:01001686 An object which is composed primarily of an environmental material 2019-08-20T09:38:29Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of environmental material ENVO:01001687 An mass of environmental material which is composed primarily of a solid environmental material 2019-08-20T09:41:27Z This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of solid material ENVO:01001688 An object which is composed primarily of a fluid. 2019-08-20T09:42:35Z fluid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of fluid ENVO:01001689 An object which is composed primarily of a gas. 2019-08-20T09:44:01Z gaseous mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of gas ENVO:01001690 An object which is composed primarily of a liquid. 2019-08-20T09:45:03Z liquid mass This class and its subclasses refer to objects that are discrete accumulations of environmental materials, generally primarily composed of one or a few main material types. mass of liquid 2 ENVO:01001691 An mass of environmental materials which has appreciable quantities of several individual materials, such that the removal of one would convert the mass into a different entity. 2019-08-20T09:47:10Z mass of compounded environmental materials ENVO:01001692 A bubble which is composed primarily of methane. methane gas bubble ENVO:01001693 A material isosurface within which pressure is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:42:03Z isobaric surface ENVO:01001694 A material isosurface within which salinity is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:42:42Z isohaline surface ENVO:01001695 A material isosurface within which density is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:43:12Z isopycnal surface ENVO:01001696 A material isosurface within which temperature is approximately constant. 2019-08-20T13:43:35Z isothermal surface ENVO:01001697 An isobaric surface that is part of an atmosphere. 2019-08-20T13:44:11Z atmospheric isobaric surface An isobaric surface that is part of an atmosphere. ENVO:01001698 A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. 2019-08-20T13:46:42Z polar front A weather front which separates air masses of tropical and polar origin. ENVO:01001701 An environment which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T13:58:38Z tropical environment An environment which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. ENVO:01001702 An environment which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T14:50:35Z subtropical environment An environment which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. ENVO:01001703 An environment which is subject to polar environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T14:53:26Z polar environment An environment which is subject to polar environmental conditions. ENVO:01001704 An environment which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T16:37:32Z subpolar environment An environment which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. ENVO:01001705 An environment which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2019-08-20T16:41:52Z temperate environment An environment which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. ENVO:01001706 A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to, such that colder air will occupy the site where warmer air was previously present. 2019-08-20T16:53:00Z The direction of motion determines whether fronts are "cold", "warm", etc. A front is said to be cold if it's moving in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to. From the perspective of an observer on the ground, this appears as though the colder air "replaces" the warmer air mass. cold front A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to, such that colder air will occupy the site where warmer air was previously present. ENVO:01001707 A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the colder air mass it is adjacent to, such that warmer air will occupy the site where colder air was previously present. 2019-08-21T09:56:51Z The direction of motion determines whether fronts are "cold", "warm", etc. A front is said to be cold if it's moving in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to. From the perspective of an observer on the ground, this appears as though the colder air "replaces" the warmer air mass. warm front A weather front which is nonoccluded and which moves in the direction of the colder air mass it is adjacent to, such that warmer air will occupy the site where colder air was previously present. ENVO:01001708 A weather front at which warm air is ascending to high altitudes along the frontal surface. 2019-08-21T10:00:40Z anafront A weather front at which warm air is ascending to high altitudes along the frontal surface. ENVO:01001709 A weather front at which warm air is descending to lower altitudes along the frontal surface. 2019-08-21T10:02:08Z katafront A weather front at which warm air is descending to lower altitudes along the frontal surface. ENVO:01001710 A weather front which exists in an equatorial trough separating the air of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of an astronomical body. 2019-08-21T10:05:03Z tropical front Note there is controversy if such fronts exist or at least are compatible with frontal theory. intertropical front A weather front which exists in an equatorial trough separating the air of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of an astronomical body. ENVO:01001711 An air mass which is part of the free atmosphere, including the troposphere and stratosphere. 2019-08-21T16:31:20Z upper air An air mass which is part of the free atmosphere, including the troposphere and stratosphere. ENVO:01001712 An atmospheric layer which 1) is located above the planetary boundary layer, 2) in which the effect of friction between moving air masses and the planetary surface is negligible, and 3) in which the air is usually treated (dynamically) as an ideal fluid. 2019-08-21T16:33:07Z "The base of the free atmosphere is usually taken as the geostrophic wind level." free atmosphere An atmospheric layer which 1) is located above the planetary boundary layer, 2) in which the effect of friction between moving air masses and the planetary surface is negligible, and 3) in which the air is usually treated (dynamically) as an ideal fluid. "The base of the free atmosphere is usually taken as the geostrophic wind level." ENVO:01001713 A weather front which is part of a mass of upper air. 2019-08-21T16:44:42Z upper front ENVO:01001714 A weather front which separates air behind a cold front from air ahead of a warm front. 2019-08-21T16:49:11Z occlusion occluded front A weather front which separates air behind a cold front from air ahead of a warm front. ENVO:01001715 An occluded front which is adjacent to a cold front 1) that is moving away from the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the neighbouring cold front undercuts the neighbouring warm front in the occulsion zone, and 3) where the coldest air in the vicinity replaces less cold air towards the surface of the astronomical body. 2019-08-22T08:55:43Z cold occluded front An occluded front which is adjacent to a cold front 1) that is moving away from the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the neighbouring cold front undercuts the neighbouring warm front in the occulsion zone, and 3) where the coldest air in the vicinity replaces less cold air towards the surface of the astronomical body. ENVO:01001716 An occluded front which is adjacent to a warm front 1) that is moving in the direction of the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the original cold front is forced aloft at the warm front surface, and 3) where the coldest air is replaced by less cold air at the surface of the astronomical body. 2019-08-22T08:56:14Z warm occluded front An occluded front which is adjacent to a warm front 1) that is moving in the direction of the coldest air in the vicinity, 2) where the original cold front is forced aloft at the warm front surface, and 3) where the coldest air is replaced by less cold air at the surface of the astronomical body. ENVO:01001717 An occluded front which is 1) adjacent to a cold and a warm front with no appreciable difference between the temperatures of their bordering air masses and 2) which creates a pressure trough, a wind-shift line, a band of cloudiness, and precipitation at the surface of the astronomical body. 2019-08-22T08:56:31Z neutral occluded front An occluded front which is 1) adjacent to a cold and a warm front with no appreciable difference between the temperatures of their bordering air masses and 2) which creates a pressure trough, a wind-shift line, a band of cloudiness, and precipitation at the surface of the astronomical body. ENVO:01001718 A cold front which forms behind a frontal cyclone and within a cold air mass with an appreciable horizontal temperature gradient. 2019-08-30T10:00:19Z The direction of motion determines whether fronts are "cold", "warm", etc. A front is said to be cold if it's moving in the direction of the warmer air mass it is adjacent to. From the perspective of an observer on the ground, this appears as though the colder air "replaces" the warmer air mass. secondary cold front A cold front which forms behind a frontal cyclone and within a cold air mass with an appreciable horizontal temperature gradient. ENVO:01001719 An atmospheric wind during which cold atmospheric gas flows downwards towards the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-08-30T10:29:47Z "From its etymology, the term means simply "going down" or "descending," and thus could refer to any descending flow; some authors have further generalized it to include downslope flows such as the foehn or chinook even though they do not represent a flow of cold air. This concept has given rise to the expression katafront, which indicates flow down a sloped cold-frontal surface." katabatic wind An atmospheric wind during which cold atmospheric gas flows downwards towards the surface of an astronomical body. "From its etymology, the term means simply "going down" or "descending," and thus could refer to any descending flow; some authors have further generalized it to include downslope flows such as the foehn or chinook even though they do not represent a flow of cold air. This concept has given rise to the expression katafront, which indicates flow down a sloped cold-frontal surface." ENVO:01001720 A katabatic wind during which atmospheric gas flows down the slope of an elevation, typically during periods of light larger-scale winds. 2019-08-30T10:34:48Z "The many synonyms for downslope flow are sometimes used interchangeably, and this gives rise to ambiguity and confusion. Downslope can be used generically to denote any wind flow blowing down a slope, or it is used specifically for katabatic flows on any scale, such as the nocturnal slope-wind component of mountain–valley wind systems or mountain–plains wind systems." Note also that slope winds are typically classed separately from fall winds, which occur at larger scales. downslope katabatic wind A katabatic wind during which atmospheric gas flows down the slope of an elevation, typically during periods of light larger-scale winds. "The many synonyms for downslope flow are sometimes used interchangeably, and this gives rise to ambiguity and confusion. Downslope can be used generically to denote any wind flow blowing down a slope, or it is used specifically for katabatic flows on any scale, such as the nocturnal slope-wind component of mountain–valley wind systems or mountain–plains wind systems." Note also that slope winds are typically classed separately from fall winds, which occur at larger scales. ENVO:01001721 A katabatic wind which is driven by the cooling and subsequent sinking of atmospheric gas masses. 2019-08-30T10:40:06Z cooling-driven katabatic wind A katabatic wind which is driven by the cooling and subsequent sinking of atmospheric gas masses. ENVO:01001722 A downslope katabatic wind during which warm, dry atmospheric gas descends along the lee side of a mountain range as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over that range. 2019-08-30T10:52:46Z Canterbury northwester. aspre austru chinook favogn halny wiatr ljuka sky sweeper zonda foehn wind A downslope katabatic wind during which warm, dry atmospheric gas descends along the lee side of a mountain range as a result of synoptic-scale, cross-barrier flow over that range. chinook ENVO:01001723 An environmental process during which a system does not thermally interact with its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference between them. 2019-09-02T01:35:56Z "In an adiabatic process any change in internal energy (for a system of fixed mass) is solely a consequence of working. For an ideal gas and for most atmospheric systems, compression results in warming, expansion results in cooling." adiabatic process An environmental process during which a system does not thermally interact with its surroundings by virtue of a temperature difference between them. "In an adiabatic process any change in internal energy (for a system of fixed mass) is solely a consequence of working. For an ideal gas and for most atmospheric systems, compression results in warming, expansion results in cooling." ENVO:01001724 An adiabatic process during which no condensation of water vapor occurs and no liquid water is present. 2019-09-02T01:41:52Z dry-adiabatic process An adiabatic process during which no condensation of water vapor occurs and no liquid water is present. ENVO:01001725 An adiabatic process which involves air saturated with water vapour and the presence of liquid water. 2019-09-02T01:42:56Z saturation-adiabatic process moist-adiabatic process An adiabatic process which involves air saturated with water vapour and the presence of liquid water. ENVO:01001726 A katabatic wind during which the low temperature and increased density of a cold mass of atmospheric gas accelerates its descent. 2019-09-02T01:48:45Z papagayo vardar mistral "A fall wind is a larger-scale phenomenon than the individual-slope scale and is produced by accumulated cold air spilling down a slope or over a mountain range. The cold air often either accumulates on a plateau or other elevated terrain, or is part of an extensive cold air mass approaching a mountain range as a cold front." fall wind A katabatic wind during which the low temperature and increased density of a cold mass of atmospheric gas accelerates its descent. papagayo vardar mistral "A fall wind is a larger-scale phenomenon than the individual-slope scale and is produced by accumulated cold air spilling down a slope or over a mountain range. The cold air often either accumulates on a plateau or other elevated terrain, or is part of an extensive cold air mass approaching a mountain range as a cold front." ENVO:01001727 A fall wind which has a source so cold that, when the atmospheric gas reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise its temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind. 2019-09-02T01:56:30Z bora A fall wind which has a source so cold that, when the atmospheric gas reaches the lowlands or coast, the dynamic warming is insufficient to raise its temperature to the normal level for the region; hence it appears as a cold wind. ENVO:01001728 An atmospheric wind which rapidly forms, lasts for a duration in the order of minutes, and then rapidly decreases in speed. 2019-09-02T02:04:04Z squall wind An atmospheric wind which rapidly forms, lasts for a duration in the order of minutes, and then rapidly decreases in speed. ENVO:01001729 A storm which is nautical, localised, and of high severity local storm considered as a whole: that is, winds and cloud mass and (if any) precipitation, thunder and lightning. 2019-09-02T02:16:07Z nautical squall A storm which is nautical, localised, and of high severity local storm considered as a whole: that is, winds and cloud mass and (if any) precipitation, thunder and lightning. ENVO:01001730 A wind which is driven by the acceleration of flow through a gap, constriction, or channel resulting from large-scale pressure gradient, or by Venturi acceleration through a constricting passage. 2019-09-02T02:35:38Z jet-effect wind A wind which is driven by the acceleration of flow through a gap, constriction, or channel resulting from large-scale pressure gradient, or by Venturi acceleration through a constricting passage. ENVO:01001731 A jet-effect which passes through a gap, constriction, or channel between mountains in a mountain range or between ranges themselves. 2019-09-02T02:40:43Z düsenwind kossava tehuantepecer mountain-gap wind A jet-effect which passes through a gap, constriction, or channel between mountains in a mountain range or between ranges themselves. ENVO:01001732 An atmospheric wind which moves up or down a slope and is driven by heating or cooling of that slope. 2019-09-02T03:28:02Z slope flow ENVO:01001733 An upslope wind driven by heating at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. 2019-09-02T03:30:18Z Unlike the term "katabatic wind", anabatic wind has a focused meaning and suffers from less ambiguity, thus the more precise treatement of this term and its place deeper in the hierarchy. anabatic wind An upslope wind driven by heating at the slope surface under fair-weather conditions. Unlike the term "katabatic wind", anabatic wind has a focused meaning and suffers from less ambiguity, thus the more precise treatement of this term and its place deeper in the hierarchy. ENVO:01001734 A process during which direct stellar radiation interacts with a planetary surface. 2019-09-02T03:42:52Z incoming solar radiation insolation insolation process A process during which direct stellar radiation interacts with a planetary surface. insolation The broader term can also refer to the amount of radiation received, rather than the process. ENVO:01001735 A material cooling process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:16:38Z cooling of a gas ENVO:01001736 A material cooling process during which a portion of liquid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:16:58Z cooling of a liquid ENVO:01001737 A material cooling process during which a portion of solid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:17:07Z cooling of a solid ENVO:01001738 A material cooling process during which a portion of fluid environmental material loses thermal energy to its surroundings. 2019-09-02T07:22:06Z cooling of a fluid ENVO:01001739 A material warming process during which the thermal energy in a volume of fluid increases. 2019-09-02T07:24:11Z warming of a fluid ENVO:01001740 A process of warming a fluid during which the thermal energy in a volume of gas increases. 2019-09-02T07:24:20Z warming of a gas ENVO:01001741 A process of warming a fluid which includes a volume of liquid as a participant. 2019-09-02T07:24:32Z warming of a liquid ENVO:01001742 A material warming process during which the thermal energy in a mass of solid material increases. 2019-09-02T07:24:44Z warming of a solid ENVO:01001743 A fluid astronomical body part which is plume shaped. plume ENVO:01001744 A downslope katabatic wind which is generated by the cooling of atmospheric gas in contact with terrain surfaces. 2019-09-02T08:48:06Z gravity wind Note that slope winds are typically classed separately from fall winds, which occur at larger scales. drainage wind A downslope katabatic wind which is generated by the cooling of atmospheric gas in contact with terrain surfaces. gravity wind ENVO:01001745 A front which shows very little mobility. 2019-09-05T03:38:33Z stationary front "Conventionally, a front that is moving at a speed less than about five knots is generally considered to be quasi-stationary. In synoptic chart analysis, a quasi-stationary front is one that has not moved appreciably from its position on the last previous synoptic chart (three or six hours before)." quasi-stationary front A front which shows very little mobility. "Conventionally, a front that is moving at a speed less than about five knots is generally considered to be quasi-stationary. In synoptic chart analysis, a quasi-stationary front is one that has not moved appreciably from its position on the last previous synoptic chart (three or six hours before)." ENVO:01001746 A drainage wind which flows along the icy surface of a glacier. 2019-09-05T05:11:59Z glacier wind A drainage wind which flows along the icy surface of a glacier. ENVO:01001747 An advective transport process during which a fluid moves. 2019-09-05T05:47:26Z mass fluid flow ENVO:01001748 A mass fluid flow which moves in the same direction as a planet's rotation, rotating due to a Coriolis effect. 2019-09-05T05:47:55Z cyclonic rotation cyclonic circulation A mass fluid flow which moves in the same direction as a planet's rotation, rotating due to a Coriolis effect. ENVO:01001749 An atmospheric storm during which winds flow with increased rates. 2019-09-05T05:58:25Z wind storm ENVO:01001750 A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. 2019-09-05T06:04:47Z hurricane of the prairie plough winds thundergust straight-line wind A wind storm during which strong gusts of wind occur, transporting atmospheric gas in a linear fashion. ENVO:01001751 A downdraft which is of high intensity and which spreads radially, with high speed, across the planetary surface upon reaching it. 2019-09-05T06:13:28Z downburst A downdraft which is of high intensity and which spreads radially, with high speed, across the planetary surface upon reaching it. ENVO:01001752 A macroburst during which no or very little rain is generated. 2019-09-05T06:13:36Z dry macroburst A macroburst during which no or very little rain is generated. ENVO:01001753 A macroburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. 2019-09-05T06:16:28Z wet macroburst A macroburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. ENVO:01001754 A downburst during which high winds occur over an area less than four kilometres in diameter. 2019-09-05T06:36:46Z microburst A downburst during which high winds occur over an area less than four kilometres in diameter. ENVO:01001755 A downburst during which high winds occur over an area larger than four kilometres in diameter. 2019-09-05T06:36:54Z macroburst A downburst during which high winds occur over an area larger than four kilometres in diameter. ENVO:01001756 A microburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. 2019-09-05T06:44:02Z wet microburst A microburst during which large amounts of rain are generated. ENVO:01001757 A microburst during which no or very little rain is generated. 2019-09-05T06:44:34Z dry microburst A microburst during which no or very little rain is generated. ENVO:01001758 A katabatic wind which is sudden and strong. 2019-09-05T06:51:54Z downdraft A katabatic wind which is sudden and strong. ENVO:01001759 A material transport process during which parts of an elastic material oscillate around their positions of equilibrium. 2019-10-07T08:36:54Z vibration vibration process A material transport process during which parts of an elastic material oscillate around their positions of equilibrium. ENVO:01001760 A vibration process which occurs in the solid parts of an astronomical body as low-frequency acoustic waves pass through them. 2019-10-07T08:45:41Z seismic activity seismic vibration process A vibration process which occurs in the solid parts of an astronomical body as low-frequency acoustic waves pass through them. ENVO:01001761 A seismic vibration process which is caused by a volcanic eruption. 2019-10-07T09:32:53Z volcanic seismicity volcanic seismic vibration ENVO:01001762 A seismic vibration process which is caused by the impact of a solid object on the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-10-07T09:39:31Z impact-driven seismic vibration ENVO:01001763 An impact event is a collision between material entities, resulting in changes in one or both of those entities. 2019-10-07T09:46:06Z This class is valid for impacts of celestial bodies as well as impacts of missiles, etc. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/860 impact event ENVO:01001764 A seismic vibration process which is caused by an explosion. 2019-10-07T09:52:12Z explosion-driven seismic vibration ENVO:01001765 A seismic vibration process which is caused by mass wasting. 2019-10-07T09:57:00Z mass-wasting-driven seismic vibration ENVO:01001766 A seismic vibration process which is caused by the collapose of a material entity, sending kinetic energy into astronomical body. 2019-10-07T10:03:26Z collapse-driven seismic vibration ENVO:01001767 A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. 2019-10-07T10:08:24Z This is a very general concept, and should likely be elevated to OBO Core rather than held in ENVO. structural collapse process A process during which the ability of a material entity to maintain its internal organisation fails, resulting in deformation and a breakdown of that organisation. ENVO:01001768 A structural collapse process during which the walls of cave are unable to support the load placed upon them. 2019-10-07T10:12:54Z cave collapse ENVO:01001769 A seismic vibration process which is caused by an earthquake. 2019-10-07T11:56:48Z earthquake-driven seismic vibration ENVO:01001770 A tectonic earthquake which precedes the strongest tectonic earthquake in a series, linked to the same release of energy in the crust. 2019-10-07T13:43:56Z foreshock A tectonic earthquake which precedes the strongest tectonic earthquake in a series, linked to the same release of energy in the crust. ENVO:01001771 A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) has the largest magnitude of the series. 2019-10-07T13:54:59Z mainshock A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) has the largest magnitude of the series. ENVO:01001772 A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) occurs after the mainshock. 2019-10-07T13:54:59Z 2019-10-07T13:59:06Z aftershock A tectonic earthquake which 1) is embedded in a series of tectonic earthquakes, linked to the same release of energy in the crust and 2) occurs after the mainshock. ENVO:01001773 A fault across which older rocks are pushed above (away from the core of an astronomical body) younger rocks. 2019-10-07T14:05:49Z thrust fault A fault across which older rocks are pushed above (away from the core of an astronomical body) younger rocks. ENVO:01001774 A tectonic earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-10-07T14:13:46Z blind thrust earthquake A tectonic earthquake which occurs along a thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. ENVO:01001775 A thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. 2019-10-07T14:18:31Z blind thrust fault A thrust fault which does not breach the surface of an astronomical body. ENVO:01001776 An environmental zone which includes those regions of an astronomical body which are not exposed to its atmosphere or space. 2019-10-07T14:22:38Z subsurface zone of an astronomical body 2 ENVO:01001777 A tectonic earthquake which has two or more mainshocks of similar magnitude, and which originate from the same fracture zone and stress field. 2019-10-07T14:30:11Z multiplet earthquake The mainshocks may be separated by seconds or years. Mainshocks must be within 1.2 units of magnitude of one another and have nearly identical seismic waveforms. multiplet tectonic earthquake A tectonic earthquake which has two or more mainshocks of similar magnitude, and which originate from the same fracture zone and stress field. The mainshocks may be separated by seconds or years. Mainshocks must be within 1.2 units of magnitude of one another and have nearly identical seismic waveforms. ENVO:01001778 A tectonic earthquake which occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates. 2019-10-07T15:02:10Z interplate earthquake QCR: 'has participant' min 2 'tectonic plate' A tectonic earthquake which occurs at the boundary between two tectonic plates. ENVO:01001779 A tectonic earthquake which occurs within the interior parts of a tectonic plate. 2019-10-07T15:27:47Z intraplate earthquake QCR: 'has participant' max 1 'tectonic plate' A tectonic earthquake which occurs within the interior parts of a tectonic plate. ENVO:01001780 An ecosystem in which the composition, structure, and function of resident ecological assemblages are primarily determined by a desert. 2019-10-17T08:21:08Z desert ecosystem ENVO:01001781 A solid astronomical body part which is part of the landmass of that body. 2019-10-17T08:27:17Z part of a landmass ENVO:01001782 A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. 2019-10-17T08:31:26Z landmass A large continuous area of land, either surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass. ENVO:01001783 A surface of an astronomical body which is part of a water body present on that body. 2019-10-17T08:32:59Z liquid surface of an astronomical body ENVO:01001784 A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. 2019-10-17T08:36:00Z compound astronomical body part A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform ENVO:01001785 A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. 2019-10-21T10:42:26Z land A surface layer of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material and is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water. ENVO:01001786 A sea which 1) shalowly covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level that result in marine transgressions and 2) is either landlocked or connected to an ocean by a river, strait, or arm of the sea. 2019-10-21T11:01:03Z epeiric sea epicontinental sea inland sea A sea which 1) shalowly covers central areas of continents during periods of high sea level that result in marine transgressions and 2) is either landlocked or connected to an ocean by a river, strait, or arm of the sea. ENVO:01001787 An ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a water body. 2019-10-21T11:05:45Z aquatic ecosystem ENVO:01001788 2019-10-21T11:06:11Z marine ecosystem ENVO:01001789 An aquatic ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a body of fresh water. 2019-10-21T11:06:34Z freshwater ecosystem ENVO:01001790 An ecosystem which primarily occurs on land. 2019-10-21T11:09:58Z terrestrial ecosystem ENVO:01001791 A forest ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. 2019-10-21T11:33:13Z mediterranean forest ENVO:01001792 A broadleaf forest which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:38:45Z tropical broadleaf forest ENVO:01001793 A broadleaf forest which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:40:46Z subtropical broadleaf forest ENVO:01001794 A broadleaf forest which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-21T11:42:38Z temperate broadleaf forest ENVO:01001795 An environmental process either driven by or primarily impacting the parts or emergent properties of an ecosystem. 2019-10-21T11:52:55Z ecosystem process ENVO:01001796 A mixed forest which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T15:52:50Z temperate mixed forest ENVO:01001797 A mixed forest which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:02:01Z tropical mixed forest ENVO:01001798 A tropical mixed forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2019-10-27T16:05:39Z tropical mixed forest biome ENVO:01001799 A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) s subject to a year-round warm climate 2) may receive several hundred centimeters of rain per year and 3) are subject to long dry seasons which last several months. 2019-10-27T16:16:37Z tropical dry broadleaf forest ENVO:01001800 A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. 2019-10-27T16:17:13Z tropical moist broadleaf forest A tropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. ENVO:01001801 A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) s subject to a year-round warm climate 2) may receive several hundred centimeters of rain per year and 3) are subject to long dry seasons which last several months. 2019-10-27T16:22:12Z subtropical dry broadleaf forest ENVO:01001802 A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. 2019-10-27T16:23:15Z laurel forest laurisilva laurissilva subtropical moist broadleaf forest A subtropical broadleaf forest which 1) has low variability in annual temperature, 2) high levels of rainfall (>200 centimeter annually), and 3) has tree communities dominated by semi-evergreen and evergreen species. ENVO:01001803 A forest ecosystem which is subject to tropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:43:20Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. tropical forest ENVO:01001804 A forest ecosystem which is subject to subtropical climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:45:16Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. subtropical forest ENVO:01001805 A forest ecosystem which is subject to temperate climate conditions. 2019-10-27T16:46:49Z This class is primarily to be populated by inference. temperate forest ENVO:01001806 A grassland ecosystem which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T16:58:09Z tropical grassland ENVO:01001807 A grassland which is inundated with water. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z flooded grassland ENVO:01001808 A grassland which is subject to montane environmental conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z montane grassland ENVO:01001809 A grassland which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subtropical grassland ENVO:01001810 A grassland which is subject to mediterranean climatic conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z mediterranean grassland ENVO:01001811 A grassland ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z temperate grassland ENVO:01001812 A grassland which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. 2019-10-27T17:00:35Z subpolar grassland ENVO:01001813 A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine. 2019-10-29T14:50:34Z assembled material entity Constructions differ from manufactured products in that they are the output of individual and tailored projects, rather than repetitive processes. construction Constructions differ from manufactured products in that they are the output of individual and tailored projects, rather than repetitive processes. ENVO:01001814 An object which is formed as a result of one or more biological processes and is composed primarily of organic material. 2019-10-29T15:02:58Z organic object ENVO:01001815 Cell culturing is the aseptic maintainance and growth of collections of cells outside of an organisms or natural environment in a suitable culture medium. 2019-10-29T15:24:37Z cell culturing Cell culturing is the aseptic maintainance and growth of collections of cells outside of an organisms or natural environment in a suitable culture medium. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E18.htm ENVO:01001816 A manufactured product which has been designed to contain a mass of biomaterial. 2019-11-05T12:33:39Z biomaterial containment unit ENVO:01001817 A biomaterial containment unit which is designed to allow the growth and propagation of the biomaterial it contains. 2019-11-05T12:42:14Z biomaterial culturing unit ENVO:01001818 A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth of selected cell populations (often at the expense of others) within a community by altering the conditions of the environment within its confines. 2019-11-05T12:46:26Z enrichment culturing unit ENVO:01001819 A biomaterial culturing unit which is designed to promote the growth and propagation of cells in an artificial medium. 2019-11-05T13:06:03Z cell culturing unit ENVO:01001820 2019-11-05T13:09:22Z cultured organic material ENVO:01001821 Sediment through which hydrothermally modified fluids flow, altering its properties through interaction with their own. 2019-11-05T17:28:10Z hydrothermally-influenced sediment ENVO:01001822 An enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material bearing ecological assemblages undergoing selection through experimentally imposed conditions. 2019-11-05T17:34:16Z active enrichment culturing unit ENVO:01001823 A plume which is composed primarily of bubbles. bubble plume ENVO:01001824 An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. 2023-09-07T13:10:32Z ecological succession An ecosystem process during which the species composition of an ecosystem gradually changes as species which are more adapted to the prevailing conditions in the ecosystem replace those which are less adapted. ENVO:01001825 An active enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material maintained under conditions with no free oxygen. 2019-11-06T12:22:13Z active anaerobic enrichment culturing unit ENVO:01001826 An active enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material maintained under conditions that favour the reduction of sulphate. 2019-11-06T12:23:30Z active sulphate-reducing enrichment culturing unit An active enrichment culturing unit which contains environmental material maintained under conditions that favour the reduction of sulphate. ENVO:01001827 An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. 2023-09-07T13:35:09Z climactic ecological succession An ecological succession process during which 1) organisms in ecological communities possess high adaptation to the conditions in the ecosystem, 2) participant communities largely fill available niches, 3) individual organisms are typically replaced by others of the same species, 4) a near equilibrium is maintained between gross primary production and total respiration and across biogeochemical cycles. ENVO:01001828 An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact. 2023-09-07T16:56:05Z anthropised ecosystem ENVO:01001829 An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions. 2023-09-07T16:58:25Z human settlement ENVO:01001830 A biome which is subject to tropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:56:17Z tropical biome ENVO:01001831 A biome which is subject to temperate climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:04Z temperate biome ENVO:01001832 A biome which is subject to subtropical climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:57:36Z subtropical biome ENVO:01001833 A biome which is subject to mediterranean climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:10Z mediterranean biome ENVO:01001834 A biome which is subject to subpolar climatic conditions. 2019-11-06T15:58:56Z subpolar biome ENVO:01001835 A biome which is subject to alpine altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T15:59:35Z alpine biome ENVO:01001836 A biome which is subject to montane altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:00:33Z montane biome ENVO:01001837 A biome which is subject to subapline altitudinal conditions. 2019-11-06T16:01:49Z subalpine biome ENVO:01001838 A biome which is subject to arid environmental conditions. 2019-11-06T16:06:47Z arid biome ENVO:01001839 An environment in which living organisms have a low likelihood of being harmed or killed 2019-11-07T16:34:23Z safe environment for living organisms ENVO:01001840 An environment in which material entities have a low likelihood of being damaged or destroyed. This branch will be axiomatised in subsequent revisions, most likely using classes from NBO and OAE. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/899 for a link trail. 2019-11-07T16:35:08Z safe environment ENVO:01001841 An andosol which derives its silica content from glass and tephra ejected during a volcanic eruption. 2019-11-08T16:48:01Z volcanic soil An andosol which derives its silica content from glass and tephra ejected during a volcanic eruption. ENVO:01001842 An environmental process during which momentum is transferred from one material entity to another. 2019-11-20T14:50:39Z Momentum is a bit tricky, it's the product of mass and velocity thus can be understood as rest energy and kinetic energy. But this is variable. momentum transfer process QCR: 'has participant' min 2 'material entity' ENVO:01001843 A momentum transfer process which unfolds as winds generate drag at the bottom of the atmosphere,coupled to dynamical forcing at the surface of the ocean. 2019-11-20T14:53:01Z atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process A momentum transfer process which unfolds as winds generate drag at the bottom of the atmosphere,coupled to dynamical forcing at the surface of the ocean. ENVO:01001844 A rate which inheres in an atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process. 2019-11-20T15:01:37Z ocean surface stress A rate which inheres in an atmosphere-ocean momentum transfer process. ENVO:01001845 Frost which is composed of interlocking ice crystals formed by vapour transfer (sublimation followed by deposition) of water vapour on some surface. 2020-02-12T20:54:38Z hoar frost white frost hoar Frost which is composed of interlocking ice crystals formed by vapour transfer (sublimation followed by deposition) of water vapour on some surface. ENVO:01001846 Hoar which is usually cup-shaped and facetted and which forms within dry, low-density snow beneath the snow surface. 2020-02-12T20:58:41Z Depth hoar is associated with very fast crystal growth under large temperature gradients. Sometimes a layer of depth hoar forms just above, and may assist in identifying the summer surface. The low density and low strength of depth hoar can make it difficult to retrieve unbroken core sections during coring, and can complicate estimates of accumulation by microwave remote sensing. Layers of depth hoar also increase the likelihood of avalanching. This is one way in which firn formation may begin. Depth hoar is similar in physical origin to crevasse hoar. depth hoar Hoar which is usually cup-shaped and facetted and which forms within dry, low-density snow beneath the snow surface. ENVO:01001847 2020-02-12T21:03:38Z hoarfrost ENVO:01001848 Water ice which 1) has a white or milky and opaque appearance, 2) has a granular texture, and 3) is formed as a result of the deposition and rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they make contact with an exposed object. The previously use definition was: Frost which is 1) composed primarily of granular ice tufts, 2) formed on the windward sides of exposed objects through contact with supercooled fog or cloud, and 3) built out directly against the wind. 2020-02-12T21:03:46Z 2020-11-18T19:59:42.028Z Rime is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent than glaze. Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities as low as 0.2-0.3 g cm-3. Glaze is generally continuous but with some air pockets and has much higher densities. Factors that favor rime formation are small drop size, slow accretion, a high degree of supercooling, and rapid dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite effects favor glaze formation. Both rime and glaze occur when supercooled water drops strike an object at a temperature below freezing. Such formation on terrestrial objects constitutes an ice storm; on aircraft, it is called aircraft icing (where rime is known as rime ice). Either rime or glaze may form on snow crystals, droxtals, or other ice particles in the atmosphere. When such a deposit is wholly or chiefly of rime, snow pellets result; when most or all of the deposit is glaze, ordinary hail or ice pellets result. The alternating clear and opaque layers of some hailstones represent glaze and rime, deposited under varying conditions around the growing hailstone. rime Water ice which 1) has a white or milky and opaque appearance, 2) has a granular texture, and 3) is formed as a result of the deposition and rapid freezing of supercooled water drops as they make contact with an exposed object. Rime is denser and harder than hoarfrost, but lighter, softer, and less transparent than glaze. Rime is composed essentially of discrete ice granules and has densities as low as 0.2-0.3 g cm-3. Glaze is generally continuous but with some air pockets and has much higher densities. Factors that favor rime formation are small drop size, slow accretion, a high degree of supercooling, and rapid dissipation of latent heat of fusion. The opposite effects favor glaze formation. Both rime and glaze occur when supercooled water drops strike an object at a temperature below freezing. Such formation on terrestrial objects constitutes an ice storm; on aircraft, it is called aircraft icing (where rime is known as rime ice). Either rime or glaze may form on snow crystals, droxtals, or other ice particles in the atmosphere. When such a deposit is wholly or chiefly of rime, snow pellets result; when most or all of the deposit is glaze, ordinary hail or ice pellets result. The alternating clear and opaque layers of some hailstones represent glaze and rime, deposited under varying conditions around the growing hailstone. ENVO:01001849 2020-02-12T21:04:27Z glaze ENVO:01001850 An environmental material which is primarily composed of minute ice crystals forming a fuzzy layer over a cold surface by direct deposition of water vapor. 2020-02-12T21:05:54Z In British usage, a day on which the minimum temperature at the level of the ground or on the tops of low, close-growing vegetation falls to -0.9C (30.4F) or below (also called a "day with ground frost"). In more general usage, "frost" can refer to the condition that exists when the temperature of the Earth's surface and Earthbound objects fall below the melting point of water (0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit). Depending upon the actual values of ambient-air temperature, dewpoint, and the temperature attained by surface objects, frost may occur in a variety of forms. These include a general freeze, hoarfrost (or white frost), and dry freeze (or black frost). If a frost period is sufficiently severe to end the growing season (or delay its beginning), it is commonly referred to as a killing frost. frost An environmental material which is primarily composed of minute ice crystals forming a fuzzy layer over a cold surface by direct deposition of water vapor. ENVO:01001851 A field in which geothermal processes occur. This will usually be a part of a rocky planet's crust, with that planet being of sufficient size and age to allow geothermal activity. Such activity may also arise from gravitational effects of large bodies near a rocky astronomical body. 2020-02-13T12:41:07Z In many geothermally active fields, wells can be drilled to obtain elements contained in solution in hot brines or to tap heat energy. geothermally active field ENVO:01001852 A process during which one entity loses energy to another entity. 2020-02-13T13:34:28Z energy transfer process ENVO:01001853 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located in the vicinity of - but not adjacent to or within - a glacier or ice sheet. 2020-02-14T13:24:52Z periglacial A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being located in the vicinity of - but not adjacent to or within - a glacier or ice sheet. ENVO:01001854 A geothermally active field within which geothermally heated aqueous fluids are discharged from the the surface of a rocky planet. 2020-04-08T18:29:51Z Hydrothermal activity in such fields often forming hot springs, geysers or other features at which anomalously hot water is released. hydrothermal field A geothermally active field within which geothermally heated aqueous fluids are discharged from the the surface of a rocky planet. ENVO:01001855 A human construction which mimic the complex structure of the sea bottom and serve as standardised collectors of marine life. 2024-09-12T12:13:44Z ARMS ARMS units are passive monitoring systems originally developed during the Census of Marine Life project for the collection of marine fauna on and near the sea floor. They are stacks of PVC settlement plates that are fixed to each other and to a stable base. They are deployed on marine substrates and colonised by marine species. After a period of time they are recovered and taken apart to see which species colonised them. Using ARMS units allow sampling of reef organisms without destroying or damaging natural sea bottom environments. autonomous reef monitoring structure ENVO:01001856 A material accumulation process during which the volume of liquid entity increases. 2020-05-18T14:39:20Z liquid accumulation process ENVO:01001857 An infrared radiation process which 1) transmits radiant energy has wavelengths between 3.0 and 100 μm, 2) is emitted from a planet and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. 2020-05-18T21:55:44Z outgoing long-wave radiation up-welling long-wave radiation terrestrial long-wave flux In the Earth's climate system, long-wave radiation involves processes of absorption, scattering, and emissions from atmospheric gases, aerosols, clouds and the surface. outgoing longwave radiation An infrared radiation process which 1) transmits radiant energy has wavelengths between 3.0 and 100 μm, 2) is emitted from a planet and its atmosphere out to space in the form of thermal radiation. ENVO:01001858 An area density which inheres in a clouds by virtue of some influence exerted their mass exerts on a given area. 2020-05-18T22:11:54Z Positioning under area density may need discussion. cloud cover ENVO:01001859 A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). 2020-05-18T22:22:04Z dew point A temperature of air at which air become saturated with water vapour and below which airborne water vapour will condense to form liquid water (dew). ENVO:01001860 An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. 2020-05-19T21:47:51Z gust According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. wind gust An atmospheric wind which 1) has an increased rate relative to other winds in the same region and 2) is followed by a lull. According to U.S. weather observing practice, gusts are reported when the peak wind speed reaches at least 16 knots and the variation in wind speed between the peaks and lulls is at least 9 knots. The duration of a gust is usually less than 20 seconds. ENVO:01001861 An electromagnetic radiation process during which radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible, near-ultraviolet, or near-infrared spectra is realised. 2020-05-19T22:14:12Z short-wave radiation There is no standard cut-off for the near-infrared range; therefore, the shortwave radiation range is also variously defined. It may be broadly defined to include all radiation with a wavelength of 0.1 micrometers and 5.0 micrometers or narrowly defined so as to include only radiation between 0.2 micrometers and 3.0 micrometers. shortwave radiation An electromagnetic radiation process during which radiant energy with wavelengths in the visible, near-ultraviolet, or near-infrared spectra is realised. There is no standard cut-off for the near-infrared range; therefore, the shortwave radiation range is also variously defined. It may be broadly defined to include all radiation with a wavelength of 0.1 micrometers and 5.0 micrometers or narrowly defined so as to include only radiation between 0.2 micrometers and 3.0 micrometers. ENVO:01001863 Biomass which is composed primarily of sessile communities scraped from the plates of an autonomous reef monitoring structure (ARMS) and blended. 2024-09-12T12:19:12Z sessile fraction blended biomass derived from sessile communities colonising an autonomous reef monitoring structure ENVO:01001864 Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. 2020-05-19T22:41:55Z PAR Many definitions specify that this is Solar radiation, but consistency is lacking. photosynthetically active radiation Electromagnetic radidation which involves radiant energy in a spectral range (wave band) between 400 to 700 nanometers, that photosynthetic organisms are able to use in the process of photosynthesis. ENVO:01001865 The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air that is part of an atmosphere. 2020-05-19T22:51:38Z concentration of carbon dioxide in an atmosphere ENVO:01001866 A planned process during which an oil or gas well is modified. 2020-06-02T13:21:28Z Interventions may change state of the well or well geometry, provide well diagnostics, or manage the production of the well. well intervention A planned process during which an oil or gas well is modified. Interventions may change state of the well or well geometry, provide well diagnostics, or manage the production of the well. ENVO:01001867 A well intervention during which the production of an oil or gas well is increased by improving the flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir into the well bore. 2020-06-02T13:52:57Z well stimulation A well intervention during which the production of an oil or gas well is increased by improving the flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir into the well bore. ENVO:01001868 A well stimulation technique during which bedrock formations are fractured through the injection of pressurized proppant-bearing liquid into a well-bore. 2020-06-02T13:54:58Z frac'ing fraccing fracing fracking hydrofracking hydrofracturing When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. hydraulic fracturing A well stimulation technique during which bedrock formations are fractured through the injection of pressurized proppant-bearing liquid into a well-bore. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open. ENVO:01001869 A liquid environmental material which is composed primarily of water ammended with thickening agents and proppants. 2020-06-02T17:50:36Z fracking water fracking liquid A liquid environmental material which is composed primarily of water ammended with thickening agents and proppants. ENVO:01001870 A well which has been drilled in order to extract natrual gas from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. 2020-06-02T18:22:00Z gas well A well which has been drilled in order to extract natrual gas from subterranean reservoirs and bring it to the surface. ENVO:01001871 A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. 2020-06-04T14:52:24Z pit A depression in the ground resembling a hole or cavity, either natural or anthropogenic. ENVO:01001872 A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. 2020-06-04T14:55:12Z manure pit A pit which is used for the collection and storage of manure. ENVO:01001873 A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. 2020-06-04T15:00:56Z hatchery A construction in which eggs are hatched under artificial conditions. ENVO:01001874 A hatchery in which the eggs of poultry are hatched under artificial conditions. 2020-06-04T15:07:21Z poultry hatchery A hatchery in which the eggs of poultry are hatched under artificial conditions. ENVO:01001875 A debris flow which is causally preceded by rainfall. 2020-07-13T18:44:15Z debris flow following rainfall ENVO:01001876 Snow which is composed of heavily rimed particles typically 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter (0.1 to 0.2 inch). Subclass by shape into conical, hexagonal, and lump (irregular) graupel. Mark Parsons notes that the formational processes may be a source of useful differentia to distinguish graupel from other snow types. 2020-07-22T19:10:46Z snow pellets Often indistinguishable from very small soft hail except for the size convention that hail must have a diameter greater than 5 mm. Sometimes distinguished by shape into conical, hexagonal, and lump (irregular) graupel. graupel Snow which is composed of heavily rimed particles typically 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter (0.1 to 0.2 inch). ENVO:01001877 2020-08-05T13:41:19Z transient tracer ENVO:01001878 A transient tracer role which inheres in chemical entities in seawater. The axiomatisation includes the tracers mentioned in the corresponding GOOS EOV specification sheet, viewable here: https://www.goosocean.org/index.php?option=com_oe&task=viewDocumentRecord&docID=17476 2020-08-05T13:41:33Z marine transient tracer Compounds which realise this role can be used in the ocean to quantify ventilation, transit time distribution and transport time-scales. These compounds are all conservative in seawater, or have well-defined decay functions, and a well-established source function over time at the ocean surface. oceanic transient tracer Compounds which realise this role can be used in the ocean to quantify ventilation, transit time distribution and transport time-scales. These compounds are all conservative in seawater, or have well-defined decay functions, and a well-established source function over time at the ocean surface. ENVO:01001879 A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with, or close to, a glacial margin. 2020-09-09T18:22:06Z The meaning of "close to" is hard to represent accurately. Community agreement on this is not visible. proglacial A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with, or close to, a glacial margin. In SWEET this is modelled as a process, however the GCW definitions to not support this understanding. ENVO:01001880 A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with or below a glacial bed. 2020-09-09T18:28:52Z The lower bound of "below" is ambiguous. subglacial A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with or below a glacial bed. ENVO:01001881 A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with the upper surface of a glacier or objects on top of the glacier. 2020-09-09T18:37:45Z The lower bound of "below" is ambiguous. supraglacial A positional quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer in being in physical contact with the upper surface of a glacier or objects on top of the glacier. ENVO:01001882 Hoar which a) forms on surfaces, b) occurs when the temperature of the surface is colder than the air above and colder than the frost point of that air. 2020-09-09T19:10:18Z When buried by snowfall, surface hoar may be considered depth hoar. The crystals formed by surface hoar are usually leaf-, fern- or plate-shaped and facetted. Two types of surface hoar are the fernlike ice crystals deposited directly on a snow surface and the hoarfrost that has grown primarily in two dimensions, as on a window or other smooth surface. surface hoar Hoar which a) forms on surfaces, b) occurs when the temperature of the surface is colder than the air above and colder than the frost point of that air. ENVO:01001883 A water ice crystal which is a part of a deposit of hoarfrost and which only grows by desublimation. 2020-09-09T19:31:29Z white frost crystal hoar frost crystal hoar crystal A water ice crystal which is a part of a deposit of hoarfrost and which only grows by desublimation. ENVO:01001884 A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:16:23Z geographic feature The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface. surface landform ENVO:01001885 A landform which is submerged underneath a body of liquid. 2021-05-15T09:38:46Z submerged landform ENVO:01001886 A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. 2021-05-15T09:40:37Z Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it. landform A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body. ENVO:01001887 A paper product which has been manufactured to facilitate the writing of letters. 2021-05-15T12:14:34Z letter paper ENVO:01001888 A mineral spring through which water with elevated concentrations of calcium hydroxide flows. 2021-06-08T13:17:37Z calcic spring ENVO:01001889 A mineral spring through which water with elevated concentrations of lithium salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:33:32Z lithia spring ENVO:01001890 A spring through which water with elevated concentrations of iron salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:36:47Z chalybeate spring ENVO:01001891 A spring through which water with elevated concentrations of hydrated double sulfate aluminium salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:37:57Z alum spring ENVO:01001892 Biomass which is composed primarily of motile communities sieved out of the collection tub of an autonomous reef monitoring structure (ARMS). 2024-09-12T12:33:35Z motile fraction sieved biomass derived from motile communities present in the retrieval tub of an autonomous reef monitoring structure ENVO:01001893 A mineral spring through which water with elevated concentrations of sodium, calcium, or magnesium salts flows. 2021-06-08T13:40:07Z saline spring salt spring ENVO:01001894 A mineral spring through which water with a high pH flows. 2021-06-08T13:41:11Z alkaline spring ENVO:01001895 A mineral spring through which water with elevated levels of dissolved carbon dioxide gas flows. 2021-06-08T13:43:57Z soda spring ENVO:01001896 A mineral spring through which water with elevated levels of radioactive material flows. 2021-06-08T13:44:42Z radioactive spring ENVO:01001897 A spring through which water with a neutral pH flows. 2021-06-11T10:29:24Z neutral spring A spring through which water with a neutral pH flows. MA:ma ENVO:01001898 A spring through which water with a low pH flows. 2021-06-11T10:31:09Z acid spring acidic spring A spring through which water with a low pH flows. MA:ma ENVO:01001899 2021-06-28T12:00:54Z reef ENVO:01001900 Biomass which is composed primarily of motile communities sieved out of the collection tub of an autonomous reef monitoring structure (ARMS), using a 500 micrometre mesh followed by a 100 micrometre mesh. 2024-09-12T13:32:13Z motile 100 micrometre fraction biomass derived from sieving motile communities present in the retrieval tub of an autonomous reef monitoring structure through a 100 micrometre mesh ENVO:01001901 Biomass which is composed primarily of motile communities sieved out of the collection tub of an autonomous reef monitoring structure (ARMS), using a 2 millimeter mesh followed by a 500 micrometre mesh. 2024-09-12T13:35:17Z motile 500 micrometre fraction biomass derived from sieving motile communities present in the retrieval tub of an autonomous reef monitoring structure through a 500 micrometre mesh ENVO:01001902 A desert ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T12:21:39Z On Earth, such ecosystems typically comprise ecological communities adapted to intermediate insolation, low rainfall, and large temperature variations between winter and summer. Winter temperatures may fall below 0 degrees Celsius. Some precipitation in this biome may fall as snow. temperate desert ecosystem ENVO:01001903 A desert ecosystem which is subject to montane environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T12:22:34Z montane desert ecosystem ENVO:01001904 A desert ecosystem which is subject to polar environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T12:26:58Z On Earth, polar deserts typically have low levels of insolation, annual precipitation less than 250 millimeters, and a mean temperature less than 10 degrees Celsius during its warmest month. Temperature changes in polar deserts frequently cross the freezing point of water polar desert ecosystem ENVO:01001905 A desert ecosystem which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T12:27:10Z On Earth, such ecosystems typically comprise ecological communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, high insolation (but lower than that of a tropical desert biome), inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Subtropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog subtropical desert ecosystem ENVO:01001906 A desert ecosystem which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T12:27:26Z On Earth, these ecosystems typically comprise ecological communities adapted to temperatures above a monthly average of 18 degrees Celsius, high daily temperature ranges of approximately 20 degrees Celsius, very high insolation due to inhibited cloud formation, and very low precipitation. Tropical desert biomes located near coasts with cold upwellings may have cooler temperatures and reduced insolution due to fog. tropical desert ecosystem ENVO:01001907 A freshwater ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater lake. 2024-12-06T13:53:58Z freshwater lake ecosystem ENVO:01001908 A freshwater lake ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a large freshwater lake. 2024-12-06T14:02:17Z The delimitations of "large" lakes are somewhat ambiguous. For details on "Large lakes" (e.g. African rift lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-lake-ecosystems large freshwater lake ecosystem ENVO:01001909 A freshwater lake ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a small freshwater lake. 2024-12-06T14:03:10Z The exact delimitations of what is a "small" lake are somwhat vague. For details on "Small lakes" (e.g. Cameroon crater lakes) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-lake-ecosystems. small freshwater lake ecosystem ENVO:01001910 A freshwater stream ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater river. 2024-12-06T14:11:41Z freshwater river ecosystem ENVO:01001911 A freshwater river ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a large freshwater river. 2024-12-06T14:16:18Z The exact delimitations of "large" are ambiguous. For details on "Large rivers" (e.g. the Mekong river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-ecosystems. large freshwater river ecosystem ENVO:01001912 A freshwater river ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a small freshwater river. 2024-12-06T14:22:04Z The exact delimitations of "small" are ambiguous. For details on "Small rivers" (e.g. the Salween river) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/small-river-ecosystems. This class will be replaced with a less ambiguous class. small freshwater river ecosystem ENVO:01001913 A large freshwater river ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by its delta. 2024-12-06T14:48:38Z "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river deltas" (e.g. the Niger river delta) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-delta-ecosystems. large freshwater river delta ecosystem ENVO:01001914 A large freshwater river ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by its headwaters. 2024-12-06T14:57:27Z "Large" is ambiguous. For details on "Large river headwaters" (e.g. the Upper Amazon headwaters) see http://worldwildlife.org/biomes/large-river-headwater-ecosystems. large freshwater river headwater ecosystem ENVO:01001915 A woodland ecosystem which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T16:21:17Z subtropical woodland ecosystem ENVO:01001916 A woodland ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T16:31:29Z mediterranean woodland ecosystem ENVO:01001917 A woodland ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T17:13:22Z temperate woodland ecosystem ENVO:01001918 A woodland ecosystem which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T17:17:27Z tropical woodland ecosystem ENVO:01001919 A savanna which has soil that is either very wet or saturated with water. 2024-12-06T19:26:21Z flooded savanna ENVO:01001920 Soil which has a high water content. 2024-12-06T19:31:55Z wet soil ENVO:01001921 A subtropical savanna which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T19:35:58Z mediterranean savanna ENVO:01001922 A savanna which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T19:36:56Z subtropical savanna ENVO:01001923 A savanna which is subject to montain environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T19:41:08Z montane savanna ENVO:01001924 A savanna which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T19:42:42Z temperate savanna ENVO:01001925 A savanna which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T19:44:30Z tropical savanna ENVO:01001926 A polar tundra ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-06T20:13:57Z polar tundra biome ENVO:01001927 A terrestrial ecosystem which is subject to montane environmental conditions. 2024-12-06T20:19:42Z montane ecosystem ENVO:01001928 A subpolar grassland ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-06T20:21:36Z subpolar grassland biome ENVO:01001929 A meadow ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-06T20:29:59Z meadow biome ENVO:01001930 An terrestrial ecosystem which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. 2024-12-06T20:41:26Z rangeland Rangelands may or may not be anthropised ecosystems. rangeland ecosystem An terrestrial ecosystem which is primarily used for the rearing and grazing of livestock. ENVO:01001931 2024-12-06T20:54:05Z An ecosystem which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. temperate ecosystem ENVO:01001932 2024-12-06T20:54:55Z An ecosystem which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. tropical ecosystem ENVO:01001933 2024-12-06T20:55:30Z An ecosystem which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. subtropical ecosystem ENVO:01001934 2024-12-06T20:56:14Z A subtropical ecosystem which is subject to mediterranean environmental conditions. mediterranean ecosystem ENVO:01001935 2024-12-06T20:57:22Z An ecosystem which is subject to polar environmental conditions. polar ecosystem ENVO:01001936 2024-12-06T20:57:52Z An ecosystem which is subject to subpolar environmental conditions. subpolar ecosystem ENVO:01001937 A process during which a liquid or solid material is separated into component materials by vaporisation and the condensation of the resulting vapour into a different container. 2024-12-09T16:15:21Z This class is not in the planned process branch, as distillation can occur without human intervention. Separate classes can be created for planned processes. distillation A process during which a liquid or solid material is separated into component materials by vaporisation and the condensation of the resulting vapour into a different container. ENVO:01001938 2024-12-06T21:01:16Z An ecosystem which is subject to nival environmental conditions. nival ecosystem ENVO:01001939 2024-12-06T21:02:06Z An ecosystem which is subject to alpine environmental conditions. alpine ecosystem ENVO:01001940 2024-12-06T21:02:35Z An ecosystem which is subject to subalpine environmental conditions. subalpine ecosystem ENVO:01001941 A planned process during which agents reduce the resources or effort needed to accomplish other planned process. 2024-12-06T22:27:09Z facilitation ENVO:01001942 A dental clinic which is capable of transporting equipment and personnel to render dental care. 2024-12-06T22:33:59Z Mobile clinics are typically contained in motor vehicles. mobile dental clinic ENVO:01001943 Distillation during which a solid material is vapourised and the resulting vapours condensed into either solid or liquid component materials. 2024-12-09T16:23:31Z This class is not in the planned process branch, as distillation can occur without human intervention. Separate classes can be created for planned processes. dry distillation Distillation during which a solid material is vapourised and the resulting vapours condensed into either solid or liquid component materials. ENVO:01001944 Distillation during which a liquid material is vapourised and the resulting vapours condensed into liquid component materials. 2024-12-09T16:26:23Z This class is not in the planned process branch, as distillation can occur without human intervention. Separate classes can be created for planned processes. classical distillation Distillation during which a liquid material is vapourised and the resulting vapours condensed into liquid component materials. ENVO:01001945 A process during which ion exchange chemistry is used to replace one class of ions with another. 2024-12-09T16:37:52Z deionization deionisation ENVO:01001946 A deionisation process during which mineral ions are replaced with either protons or hydroxide ions. 2024-12-09T16:39:12Z mineral-to-(proton/hydroxide ion) exchange A deionisation process during which mineral ions are replaced with either protons or hydroxide ions. ENVO:01001947 Liquid water which is the output of a deionisation process. 2024-12-09T16:44:21Z deionised water Liquid water which is the output of a deionisation process. ENVO:01001948 Deionised water which is the output of a mineral-to-(proton/hydroxide) deionisation process. 2024-12-09T16:46:53Z demineralised water mineral-to-(proton/hydroxide) deionised water Deionised water which is the output of a mineral-to-(proton/hydroxide) deionisation process. ENVO:01001949 A forest which 1) possesses a closed and continuous tree canopy, 2) is subject to high humidity and rainfall, and 3) includes well-distributed populations of epiphytes, lianas, and vegetation adapted to high humidity or rainfall. 2024-12-09T16:59:19Z rainforest ecosystem Wildfires do not occur in most rainforests, although some fires may occur in dry rainforests during their dry seaon. rainforest ENVO:01001950 A rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T17:04:35Z rainforest biome ENVO:01001951 A rainforest which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-09T17:07:06Z tropical rainforest A rainforest which is subject to tropical environmental conditions. ENVO:01001952 A rainforest which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. 2024-12-09T17:07:13Z temperate rainforest A rainforest which is subject to temperate environmental conditions. ENVO:01001953 A rainforest which 1) occurs near a marine coastline or littoral zone, 2) grows on beach sand, quartz-rich sediments, meta-sediments or on coastal headlands enriched by volcanic minerals, 3) is subject to aeolian transport of sea salt, including minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. 2024-12-09T17:07:18Z littoral rainforest A rainforest which 1) occurs near a marine coastline or littoral zone, 2) grows on beach sand, quartz-rich sediments, meta-sediments or on coastal headlands enriched by volcanic minerals, 3) is subject to aeolian transport of sea salt, including minerals such as calcium, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus. ENVO:01001954 A rainforest which has a more open canopy and less rainfall than other rainforest types. This is an odd class, and the definitional boundaries / differentia are unclear. 2024-12-09T17:07:25Z Dry rainforests have a more open canopy layer than other rainforests, and are found in areas of lower rainfall (630–1,100 mm (25–43 in)). They generally have two layers of trees. dry rainforest A rainforest which has a more open canopy and less rainfall than other rainforest types. Dry rainforests have a more open canopy layer than other rainforests, and are found in areas of lower rainfall (630–1,100 mm (25–43 in)). They generally have two layers of trees. ENVO:01001955 A sclerophyllous forest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T17:29:45Z sclerophyllous forest biome ENVO:01001956 2024-12-09T17:31:08Z temperate sclerophyllous dry forest biome ENVO:01001957 2024-12-09T17:31:49Z tropical sclerophyllous dry forest biome ENVO:01001958 A rainforest which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. 2024-12-09T17:36:19Z subtropical rainforest A rainforest which is subject to subtropical environmental conditions. ENVO:01001959 A dry rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T17:59:58Z dry rainforest biome ENVO:01001960 A littoral rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T18:00:07Z littoral rainforest biome ENVO:01001961 A subtropical rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T18:00:18Z subtropical rainforest biome ENVO:01001962 A temperate rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T18:00:30Z temperate rainforest biome ENVO:01001963 A tropical rainforest which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-12-09T18:00:40Z tropical rainforest biome ENVO:01001964 Ocean water which is part of a sea and which has its properties and composition more strongly influenced by terrestrial processes - such as river runoff, groundwater seepage, aeolian transport of dust - than waters of the open ocean. 2024-12-09T18:37:03Z seawater ENVO:01001966 Coastal ocean water is sea water that is adjacent to a coast. 2024-12-09T18:39:16Z coastal water coastal ocean water coastal oceanic water coastal seawater The limits of what qualifies as "adjacent to" vary greatly. This should be defined on a data level and is left intentionally fuzzy here. The label is "coastal sea water" rather than "coastal water" as some large lakes are often said to have coasts. coastal ocean water ENVO:01001967 A water accumulation process which results in the formation of an ocean by the outgassing, capture, and subsequent condensation of water vapour during the formation of an astronomical body. 2024-12-09T18:52:57Z oceanogenesis ENVO:01001968 A cell culture which supports the growth and proliferation of microorganisms. 2024-12-09T21:18:25Z microbiological culture culture of microorganismal cells microbial cell culture ENVO:01001969 A microbial cell culture which is primarily composed of bacterial biomass. 2024-12-09T21:25:24Z bacterial cell culture ENVO:01001970 A microbial cell culture which is primarily composed of archaeal biomass. 2024-12-09T21:25:34Z archaeal cell culture ENVO:01001971 A microbial cell culture which is primarily composed of eukaryotic biomass. 2024-12-09T21:26:05Z cell culture of eukaryotic microbes ENVO:01003000 A vehicle designed to fly in outer space. spacecraft A vehicle designed to fly in outer space. ENVO:01003001 A disposition of a material entity which is realised when it is saturated with liquid water. water-holding capacity ENVO:01003002 A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. grain particle A mass of solid material which is either 1) a minute fragment of a larger mass or 2) one of a collection of small masses composing an aggregate. ENVO:01003003 A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. clay particle The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. particle of clay A particle which 1) is composed primarily of hydrous aluminium phyllosilicate minerals, in turn composed of aluminium and silicon ions bonded into tiny, thin plates by interconnecting oxygen and hydroxide ions, and 2) is or was part of a portion of clay. The distinction between silt and clay varies by discipline. Geologists and soil scientists usually consider the separation to occur at a particle size of 2 μm (clays being finer than silts), sedimentologists often use 4–5 μm, and colloid chemists use 1 μm. Geotechnical engineers distinguish between silts and clays based on the plasticity properties of the soil, as measured by the soils' Atterberg limits. ISO 14688 grades clay particles as being smaller than 2 μm and silt particles as being larger. Mixtures of sand, silt and less than 40% clay are called loam. ENVO:01003005 A one-dimensional temporal region which spans the duration an astronomical body completes one rotation on its axis. day ENVO:01003006 A day during which water-based rainfall occurs. The threshold of precipitation at which humans consider a day 'rainy' is aribitrary. rainy day ENVO:01003007 Percolation during which water moves through the interstices of soil. water percolation through soil percolation of water through soil ENVO:01003008 A material transport process during which a fluid is filtered through porous soild or semi-solid materials. This is not necessarily advective, and the properties of and processes participated in by the fluid may change. percolation A material transport process during which a fluid is filtered through porous soild or semi-solid materials. ENVO:01003009 A material transport process during which a liquid which is not absorbed or otherwise held in place by a material is transported away from its location. Drainage may occur due to natural (e.g. gravitational) or artificial processes (e.g. pumping) drainage process A material transport process during which a liquid which is not absorbed or otherwise held in place by a material is transported away from its location. ENVO:01003010 A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. convective transport process A material transport process which arises spontaneously due to physical heterogeneities in a portion of a material and forces which act throughout its volume. Most commonly, convective flows are generated by heterogeneities in density or the effects of gravity. When the cause of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermal expansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection frequently occurs in fluids, but may also take place in soft solids or mixtures where particles can flow. ENVO:01003011 A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. convective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of processes that transport material within a volume due to the combined effects of material property heterogeneity and body forces across that volume. ENVO:01003012 A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. advective A physical quality of a process which is characteristic of process that transport material without, themselves, changing the qualities of those materials or the processes that are unfolding within them. ENVO:01003013 A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. diffusion Diffusion is also applied to the movement of energy, thus the more specific label. This class will be repositioned (but with the core of its definition intact) if we include other forms of diffusion in ENVO. material diffusion process A material transport process during which material moves from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. ENVO:01003014 An energy transfer process during which a material entity receives energy through radiation. 2018-11-03T20:29:00Z The term irradiation usually - but not always - excludes the exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as infrared, visible light, microwaves from cellular phones or electromagnetic waves emitted by radio and TV receivers and power supplies. Please use the subclasses of this term for precision. irradiation An energy transfer process during which a material entity receives energy through radiation. The term irradiation usually - but not always - excludes the exposure to non-ionizing radiation, such as infrared, visible light, microwaves from cellular phones or electromagnetic waves emitted by radio and TV receivers and power supplies. Please use the subclasses of this term for precision. ENVO:01003015 Irradiation during which a material entity receives energy through ionizing radiation. irradiation by ionising radiation Usage of this term typically excludes low or background levels of exposure, and is often linked with a purpose such as sterilisation. This class does not differentiate on such a basis, and subclasses - e.g. "irradiation by ionizing radiation for sterilization" can be created for specific applications if required. irradiation by ionizing radiation Usage of this term typically excludes low or background levels of exposure, and is often linked with a purpose such as sterilisation. This class does not differentiate on such a basis, and subclasses - e.g. "irradiation by ionizing radiation for sterilization" can be created for specific applications if required. ENVO:01003016 Irradiation during which a material entity receives energy through non-ionizing radiation. irradiation by non-ionising radiation Note that some forms of ultraviolet radiation can be ionising, thus it is not included in the logical axioms of this class. irradiation by non-ionizing radiation Note that some forms of ultraviolet radiation can be ionising, thus it is not included in the logical axioms of this class. ENVO:01003017 Irradiation during which a material entity receives energy through photosynthetically active radiation. irradiation by photosynthetically active radiation ENVO:01003018 Wave energy which inheres in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields and which is realised when they oscillate and propagate. electromagnetic radiant energy electromagnetic wave energy Wave energy which inheres in perpendicular electric and magnetic fields and which is realised when they oscillate and propagate. ENVO:01003019 Energy which inheres in a wave and is realised during its propagation. wave energy ENVO:01003020 A part of an environmental system whose boundaries are determined by fiat. Subclasses of this class have fiat (and only fiat) boundaries - that is, boundaries which are determined by human consensus or opinion rather than (and sometimes in contrast to) well-defined physical discontinuities. We distinguish these from entities that have fuzzy or hard to define boundaries that do overlap some form of physical discontinuity. fiat part of an astronomical object ENVO:01003021 A gaseous part of an atmosphere in which gases have increased atmospheric pressure. Air is not specified directly (although the definition subsumes air masses) to allow for other forms of low pressure areas in planetary atmospheres. area of high atmospheric pressure A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle ENVO ENVO:02000000 hypodermic needle ENVO:02000000 A hypodermic needle is a medical instrument made from a hollow needle. It is commonly used with a syringe to inject substances into the body of an organism. GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypodermic_needle A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile ENVO ENVO:02000001 textile ENVO:02000001 A textile is a manufactured product comprised of a network of natural or artificial fibers (often referred to as thread or yarn). GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. ENVO ENVO:02000002 bedclothing ENVO:02000002 Bedclothing is a textile covering used on a bed as a sheet, blanket, or pillowcase. GEMINA:ag URL:http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=bedclothing&r=66 URL:http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/bedclothes ENVO:02000003 A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. pockmark field A pockmark field is an undersea feature formed by shallow seabed depressions, typically several tens of metres across and a few metres deep. Generally, they are formed in soft, fine-grained seabed sediments by the escape of fluids (gas or water, but mainly methane) into the water column. GEMINA:ag https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockmark Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. ENVO ENVO:02000004 nesting material ENVO:02000004 Nesting material is an animal habitation consisting of matierals used to cushion, insulate and protect the young of the organism. The adult will use the material to form a protective structure to house and raise their young. Nests are built primarily by birds, but also by mammals, fish, insects and reptiles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock ENVO livestock ENVO:02000005 obsolete livestock-associated habitat true ENVO:02000005 Livestock is an animal-associated habitat consisting of any domestic or domesticated animal intentionally raised for food or in the production of food or raised as stock to produce food or fibre, in an agricultural setting or for its labour or pen-raised animals raised on licensed game farm operations. Livestock include: bovine animals (including buffalo and bison), ovine animals, porcine animals, caprine animals, , poultry, bees, equine animals, cervidae animals; animals of the genus Lama; ratites (Emu, Ostrich, and Rhea), fish or shellfish in aquaculture facilities, and enclosed domesticated rabbits or hares raised for human food or fiber. URL:http://dnr.wi.gov/org/land/er/publications/wolfplan/plan8.htm URL:http://www.pbs.org/strangedays/glossary/L.html URL:http://www.vbgov.com/vgn.aspxLivestock https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestock Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. ENVO:01000312 ENVO ENVO:02000006 obsolete cultured habitat true ENVO:02000006 Cultured habitat is an controlled habitat created by humans through laboratory techniques usually for the purposes of preparing cell, organ, tissue and plant tissue cultures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture ENVO:02000007 Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissue_culture This branch should be moved to OBI or a more appropriate ontology. tissue culture Tissue culture is the culture of cells, tissues or organs in a nutrient medium under sterile conditions. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E23.htm#TopOfPage ENVO:02000008 Organic material which is composed primarily of a growth of cells in an artificial medium for experimental research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_culture cell culture Organic material which is composed primarily of a growth of cells in an artificial medium for experimental research. ENVO:02000009 Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_tissue_culture plant tissue culture Plant tissue culture is the growth or maintenance of plant cells, tissues, organs or whole plants in vitro. URL:http://www.sivb.org/edu_terminology.asp ENVO:02000010 Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_culture organ culture Organ culture is the aseptic culture of complete living organs of animals and plants outside the body in a suitable culture medium. Animal organs must be small enough to allow the nutrients in the culture medium to penetrate all the cells. URL:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/X3910E/X3910E18.htm FOODON:00001265 ENVO ENVO:02000011 obsolete buffalo milk true ENVO:02000011 FOODON:00001266 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camel_milk ENVO ENVO:02000012 obsolete camel milk true ENVO:02000012 FOODON:00001267 ENVO ENVO:02000013 obsolete donkey milk true ENVO:02000013 FOODON:00001268 ENVO ENVO:02000014 obsolete horse milk true ENVO:02000014 FOODON:00001269 ENVO ENVO:02000015 obsolete reindeer milk true ENVO:02000015 FOODON:00001270 ENVO ENVO:02000016 obsolete water buffalo milk true ENVO:02000016 FOODON:00001271 ENVO ENVO:02000017 obsolete yak milk true ENVO:02000017 FOODON:00001272 ENVO ENVO:02000018 obsolete zebra milk true ENVO:02000018 ENVO:02000019 An organic material which is primarily composed of some natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodily_fluid ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. bodily fluid material An organic material which is primarily composed of some natural bodily fluid or secretion such as blood, semen, saliva, blood plasma, intracellular and interstitial fluids. URL:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bodily+fluid https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid ENVO:02000020 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood, a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. blood material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood, a bodily fluid composed of blood plasma and blood cells suspended within the plasma that circulates around the organism's body. Blood performs may important functions including the supplying of oxygen and nutrients, removal of waste, circulation of white blood cells, detection of antibodes, coagulation, transportation of antibodies and the regulation of pH and body temperature. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_fluid ENVO:02000021 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of amniotic fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. amniotic fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of amniotic fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. URL:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amniotic_fluid ENVO:02000022 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of excreta, bodily fluids consisting of matter which contains the waste products of biological processes, including urine or feces, discharged from an organism's body. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. excreta material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of excreta, bodily fluids consisting of matter which contains the waste products of biological processes, including urine or feces, discharged from an organism's body. URL:http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/excreta ENVO:02000023 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of bile, a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. gall ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. bile material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of bile, a bodily fluid consisting of a bitter, yellow or green alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. In many species, bile is stored in the gallbladder between meals and upon eating is discharged into the duodenum where the bile aids the process of digestion of lipids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bile ENVO:02000024 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of aqueous humour, a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. aqueous humour material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of aqueous humour, a bodily fluid consisting of a thick watery substance that fills the space between the lens and the cornea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_humour ENVO:02000025 An excreta material which is composed primarily of sweat, an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. sweat material An excreta material which is composed primarily of sweat, an excreta consisting primarily of water as well as a smaller amount of sodium chloride that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweat ENVO:02000026 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyme, a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. chymus ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. chyme material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyme, a bodily fluid consisting of a liquid substance found in the stomach before passing through the pyloric valve and entering the duodenum. It results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyme ENVO:02000027 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood plasma, a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. blood plasma material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of blood plasma, a bodily fluid that comprises the liquid component of blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. It makes up about 55% of total blood volume. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_plasma ENVO:02000028 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of ear wax, a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_wax cerumen material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. ear wax material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of ear wax, a bodily fluid consisting of a yellowish, waxy substance secreted in the ear canal of humans and many other mammals. It plays an important role in the human ear canal, assisting in cleaning and lubrication, and also provides some protection from bacteria, fungi, and insects. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerumen ENVO:02000029 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid CSF material Liquor cerebrospinalis ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. cerebrospinal fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of cerebrospinal fluid, a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. CSF is a clear bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid ENVO:02000030 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyle, a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyle ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. chyle material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of chyle, a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. URL:http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=chyle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chyle ENVO:02000031 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of breast milk, is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. breast milk material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of breast milk, is a bodily fluid produced that is secreted from two milk-secreting glandular organs on a female's chest. URL:http://www.fcs.uga.edu/ext/bbb/info/glossary.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_milk ENVO:02000032 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vitreous humor, a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. vitreous humour material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. vitreous humor material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of vitreous humor, a bodily fluid consisting of a clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_humour ENVO:02000033 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a pleural effusion, a bodily fluid that is produced in excess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_effusion pleural effusion material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a pleural effusion, a bodily fluid that is produced in excess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleural_fluid ENVO:02000034 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a volume of tears, a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. tear material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of a volume of tears, a bodily fluid consisting of a drop of the clear salty liquid secreted by glands (lacrimal glands) in the eyes. Tears wet the membrane covering the eye and help rid the eye of irritating substances. URL:http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tear ENVO:02000035 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of an oronasal secretion, a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. oronasal secretion material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of an oronasal secretion, a bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. Gemina:ls ENVO:02000036 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of saliva, a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. saliva material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of saliva, a slightly alkaline secretion of water, mucin, protein, salts, and often a starch-splitting enzyme (as ptyalin) that is secreted into the mouth by salivary glands, lubricates ingested food, and often begins the breakdown of starches. URL:http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/saliva ENVO:02000037 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of sebum, an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. sebum material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of sebum, an oily bodily fluid secreted from the sebaceous glads that is made of fat (lipids) and the debris of dead fat-producing cells. In the glands, sebum is produced within specialized cells and is released as these cells burst. Sebum acts to protect and waterproof hair and skin, and keep them from becoming dry, brittle and cracked. It can also inhibit the growth of microorganisms on skin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_gland ENVO:02000038 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of pus, a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. pus material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of pus, a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pus ENVO:02000039 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of synovial fluid, a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. synovial fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of synovial fluid, a bodily fluid secreted by the synovial membrane into the joint cavity to form a thin layer at the surface of cartilage. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synovial_fluid ENVO:02000040 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of mucus, a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. mucus material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of mucus, a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucus ENVO:02000041 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of lymph, a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. lymph material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of lymph, a bodily fluid consisting of a usually clear coagulable fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body tissue into the lymphatic vessels, is discharged into the blood by way of the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, and resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets. URL:http://medical.merriam-webster.com/medical/lymph ENVO:02000042 A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid intercellular fluid material tissue fluid material ENVO bodily fluid classes differ from UBERON's treatment of bodily fluids. UBERON refers to the substance itself ("S"). We assert that UBERON's classes are the primary compositional component of the terms in ENVO ("S material"). Use of the ENVO terms is typically recommended when you wish to indicate that there may be other materials intermixed with S. interstitial fluid material A bodily fluid material which is composed primarily of interstitial fluid, a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid ENVO:02000043 A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. This definition should be revised, it is currently too ambiguous. biological product A biological product is an environmental substrate comprised of any virus, therapeutic serum, toxin, antitoxin, or analogous product available to prevent, treat or cure diseases or injuries in man. URL:http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/research/resources/DAIDSClinRsrch/Glossary/ This definition should be revised, it is currently too ambiguous. ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088 Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliceous_ooze ENVO ENVO:02000044 siliceous ooze ENVO:02000044 Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000045 red clay ENVO:02000045 Red clay, also known as pelagic clay, accumulates in the deepest and most remote areas of the ocean. Containing less than 30% biogenic material, its composition is a varied mix of very fine quartz and clay minerals, authigenic deposits precipitated directly from seawater, and micrometeorites. Though called "red" because it sometimes takes the color of oxidized iron minerals, it is usually brownish in color. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, but red clay seems to be mostly derived from distant rivers, and windblown dust. Covering 38% of the ocean floor, it accumulates more slowly than any other sediment type, at only 0.1-0.5 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediments Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. ENVO ENVO:02000046 calcareous ooze ENVO:02000046 Calcareous ooze is a marine sediment composed primarily of the shells--also known as tests--of foraminifera, coccolithophores, and pteropods. This is the most common pelagic sediment by area, covering 48% of the world ocean's floor. This type of ooze is limited to depths above the Carbonate Compensation Depth at time of burial. It accumulates more rapidly than any other pelagic sediment type, with a rate that varies from 0.3 - 5 cm / 1000 yr. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_sediment#_note-8 ENVO:02000047 Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of animals, particularly livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_feed fodder Most animal feed is from plants but some is of animal origin. Fodder refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves. It includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and also sprouted grains and legumes. animal feed Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of animals, particularly livestock such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodder ENVO:02000048 Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. contaminated animal feed Contaminated animal feed is an animal feed that has become contaminated with or come contact with microorganisms or toxic chemicals. URL:http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/glossary.htm ENVO:02000049 A lentic water body which is adjacent to a coast. coastal water body A lentic water body which is adjacent to a coast. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal FOODON:00001273 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinach ENVO ENVO:02000050 obsolete spinach true ENVO:02000050 Raw milk which has not undergone the pasteurization process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpasteurized_milk raw milk ENVO ENVO:02000051 obsolete unpasteurized milk product true ENVO:02000051 Raw milk which has not undergone the pasteurization process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpasteurized_milk A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella ENVO ENVO:02000052 umbrella ENVO:02000052 A canopy designed to protect against precipitation or sunlight. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hide ENVO ENVO:02000053 hide ENVO:02000053 A skin obtained from animals for human use typically from deer or cattle sources used to produce leather, shoes, fashion accessories, musical instruments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hides ENVO:02000054 A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal bone meal A mixture of crushed and coarsely ground bones that is used as an organic fertilizer for plants and formerly in animal feed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_meal ENVO:02000055 Food material which can be used to meet nutritional requirements of plants. plant feed FOODON:00001274 ENVO ENVO:02000056 obsolete egg product true ENVO:02000056 FOODON:00001275 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_egg ENVO ENVO:02000057 obsolete hen's egg product true ENVO:02000057 A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloth ENVO ENVO:02000058 cloth ENVO:02000058 A textile comprised of a pliable material made usually by weaving, felting, or knitting natural or synthetic fibers and filaments. URL:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cloth A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. topsoil ENVO ENVO:02000059 surface soil ENVO:02000059 A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter. URL:http://www.answers.com/topic/topsoil?cat=technology https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil#_note-0 FOODON:00001276 ENVO:00002208 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_cider https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider cider ENVO ENVO:02000060 obsolete apple cider true ENVO:02000060 FOODON:00001277 ENVO ENVO:02000061 obsolete unpasteurized orange juice true ENVO:02000061 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessert ENVO ENVO:02000062 obsolete dessert true ENVO:02000062 FOODON:00001278 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cake ENVO ENVO:02000063 obsolete cake true ENVO:02000063 FOODON:00001279 ENVO ENVO:02000064 obsolete cake icing true ENVO:02000064 FOODON:00001280 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate ENVO ENVO:02000065 obsolete chocolate true ENVO:02000065 FOODON:00001281 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custard ENVO ENVO:02000066 obsolete custard true ENVO:02000066 FOODON:00001282 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_beef beef mince hamburger meat minced beef ENVO ENVO:02000067 obsolete ground beef true ENVO:02000067 FOODON:00001283 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poultry ENVO ENVO:02000068 obsolete poultry product true ENVO:02000068 FOODON:00001284 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck ENVO ENVO:02000069 obsolete duck meat product true ENVO:02000069 FOODON:00001285 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose ENVO ENVO:02000070 obsolete goose meat product true ENVO:02000070 FOODON:00001286 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey ENVO ENVO:02000071 obsolete turkey meat product true ENVO:02000071 FOODON:00001287 SWEETRealm:Mushroom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom ENVO ENVO:02000072 obsolete mushroom true ENVO:02000072 ENVO ENVO:02000073 obsolete bean plant true ENVO:02000073 FOODON:00001288 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantaloupe cantaloup muskmelon ENVO ENVO:02000074 obsolete cantaloupe true ENVO:02000074 ENVO ENVO:02000075 obsolete peanut plant true ENVO:02000075 FOODON:00001289 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_salad ENVO ENVO:02000076 obsolete potato salad true ENVO:02000076 FOODON:00001290 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing ENVO ENVO:02000077 obsolete salad dressing true ENVO:02000077 FOODON:00001291 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clam ENVO ENVO:02000078 obsolete clam product true ENVO:02000078 FOODON:00001292 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyster ENVO ENVO:02000079 obsolete oyster product true ENVO:02000079 FOODON:00001293 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellfish ENVO ENVO:02000080 obsolete shellfish product true ENVO:02000080 ENVO:02000081 A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. This is a legacy term, formerly in the manufactured product hierarchy under "paper product". A "letter paper" term is now present where this term once was. ENVO is not the right ontology for the generically dependent continuant class, but will host it for now. letter A written message from one person to another addressed to a person or organization. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter FOODON:00001294 ENVO ENVO:02000082 obsolete unpasteurized goat milk cheese true ENVO:02000082 FOODON:00001295 ENVO ENVO:02000083 obsolete Pecorino cheese true ENVO:02000083 ENVO ENVO:02000084 goat manure ENVO:02000084 FOODON:00001296 ENVO ENVO:02000085 obsolete unpasteurized sheep milk cheese true ENVO:02000085 FOODON:00001297 ENVO ENVO:02000086 obsolete unpasteruized cow milk cheese true ENVO:02000086 FOODON:00001298 ENVO ENVO:02000087 obsolete unpasteurized camel milk true ENVO:02000087 FOODON:00001299 ENVO ENVO:02000088 obsolete unpasteurized caprine milk true ENVO:02000088 FOODON:00001300 ENVO ENVO:02000089 obsolete unpasteurized ovine milk true ENVO:02000089 ENVO:02000090 An environmental material that is the non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something is burned. ash An environmental material that is the non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something is burned. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash ENVO:02000091 A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. coal A combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. ENVO:02000092 iron mine ENVO:02000093 uranium mine ENVO:02000094 a type of rock that contains sufficient minerals with important elements including metals that can be economically extracted from the rock. ore ENVO:02000095 Ore which contains uranium. The primary uranium ore mineral is uraninite uranium ore ENVO:02000096 iron ore ENVO:02000097 gold ore ENVO:02000098 platinum ore ENVO:02000099 Dust which is derived from coal. coal dust ENVO:02000100 Dust which is derived from mineral material. mineral dust ENVO:02000101 Dust which is composed of fibrous material. fibrous dust ENVO:02000102 fibrous glass dust ENVO:02000103 Dust which is composed primarily of some metallic material. metallic dust ENVO:02000104 cement dust ENVO:02000105 Dust which is derived from clay material. clay dust ENVO:02000106 Dust which is derived from asbestos asbestos dust ENVO:02000107 Dust that comes from grain and all the other substances associated with its cultivation & harvesting. grain dust Dust that comes from grain and all the other substances associated with its cultivation & harvesting. http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0305.html ENVO:02000108 cotton dust ENVO:02000109 dust from plant parts ENVO:02000110 A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. open-pit mine A surface mine that utilizes a technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow. ENVO:02000111 copper ore ENVO:02000112 A gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale. fume ENVO:02000113 welding fume ENVO:02000114 paraffin wax fume ENVO:02000115 Respirable vapor of vanadium. vanadium fume Respirable vapor of vanadium. ENVO:02000116 aluminum welding fume ENVO:02000117 A wax that is naturally synthesized by a plant or animal. natural wax ENVO:02000118 A white or colourless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. paraffin wax A white or colourless soft solid derivable from petroleum, coal or oil shale, that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between twenty and forty carbon atoms. ENVO:02000119 An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. kerogen shale oil shale An organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen from which liquid hydrocarbons called shale oil can be produced. kerogen shale ENVO:02000120 zinc chloride fume ENVO:02000121 peat extraction ENVO:02000122 A drainage process during which water is transported away from peat. peat drainage A drainage process during which water is transported away from peat. ENVO:02000123 Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. paint Any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film. It is most commonly used to protect, color, or provide texture to objects. ENVO:02000124 Paint that contains lead. lead paint Paint that contains lead. ENVO:02000125 A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. locomotion transportation A planned process that is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another. ENVO:02000126 the residue powder that is derived from the combustion of wood. wood ash the residue powder that is derived from the combustion of wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_ash ENVO:02000127 Ash that is produced from the burning of coal. coal combustion residuals coal ash Ash that is produced from the burning of coal. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics coal combustion residuals https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics ENVO:02000128 A very fine, powdery material composed mostly of silica made from the burning of finely ground coal in a boiler. fly ash A very fine, powdery material composed mostly of silica made from the burning of finely ground coal in a boiler. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics ENVO:02000129 a coarse, angular ash particle that is too large to be carried up into the smoke stacks so it forms in the bottom of the coal furnace. bottom ash a coarse, angular ash particle that is too large to be carried up into the smoke stacks so it forms in the bottom of the coal furnace. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics ENVO:02000130 molten bottom ash from slag tap and cyclone type furnaces that turns into pellets that have a smooth glassy appearance after it is cooled with water. boiler slag molten bottom ash from slag tap and cyclone type furnaces that turns into pellets that have a smooth glassy appearance after it is cooled with water. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics ENVO:02000131 a material leftover from the process of reducing sulfur dioxide emissions from a coal-fired boiler that can be a wet sludge consisting of calcium sulfite or calcium sulfate or a dry powered material that is a mixture of sulfites and sulfates. https://www.epa.gov/coalash/coal-ash-basics flue gas desulfurization material ENVO:02000132 A human construction which serves as a memorial. monument Monuments can commemorate people, animals, populations, events, or any other entity. constructed monument A human construction which serves as a memorial. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4989906 ENVO:02000133 A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. nuclear reactor A human construction which is used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor ENVO:02000134 A nuclear reactor which uses a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles. The term fast neutron may later be added to an ontology external to ENVO. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/1184 for comments. thermal reactor thermal nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor which uses a neutron moderator to slow neutrons until they approach the average kinetic energy of the surrounding particles. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal-neutron_reactor ENVO:02000135 A nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons. fast reactor Fast neutrons are neutrons carrying energies above 0.5 MeV or greater, on average. They are defined as in opposition to thermal neutrons used in thermal-neutron reactors. fast neutron reactor A nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast-neutron_reactor ENVO:02000136 A nuclear reactor which serves primarily as a neutron source for purposes other than power. non-power reactor nuclear test reactor test reactor An example use of a research nucelar reactor is the production of radioisotopes for medicine and industry Research reactors are simpler than power reactors and operate at lower temperatures. They need far less fuel, and far less fission products build up as the fuel is used research nuclear reactor A nuclear reactor which serves primarily as a neutron source for purposes other than power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_reactor https://web.archive.org/web/20061231105602/http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf61.htm ENVO:02000137 A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. power reactor nuclear power reactor A nuclear reactor which is used as a source of power. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reactor ENVO:02000138 Soil which is located in a mangrove biome. mangrove soil Mangrove soils are typically saline, anoxic, acidic and frequently waterlogged. mangrove biome soil Soil which is located in a mangrove biome. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq048 ENVO:02000139 A spring that is located in the desert. 2024-05-18T04:40:55Z desert spring A spring that is located in the desert. ENVO:02000140 An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. fluid fluid environmental material An environmental material which is unable to resist shear forces and continuously deforms when subject to them. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/940 ENVO:02000141 A human construction which is used to process materials into forms that have increased value or utility in downstream processes. refinery ENVO:02000142 A refinery which is capable of processing petroleum oil. oil refinery Petroleum processing is an industrial process in which crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products such as petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. petroleum oil refinery A refinery which is capable of processing petroleum oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_refinery ENVO:02000143 A refinery which is capable of processing raw sugar. Raw sugar is processed from cane or beets into white refined sugar. sugar refinery A refinery which is capable of processing raw sugar. Raw sugar is processed from cane or beets into white refined sugar. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_refinery ENVO:02000144 A refinery which is capable of processing natural gas. Natural-gas processing encompasses a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing impurities, contaminants and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas natural gas processing plant A refinery which is capable of processing natural gas. Natural-gas processing encompasses a range of industrial processes designed to purify raw natural gas by removing impurities, contaminants and higher molecular mass hydrocarbons to produce what is known as pipeline quality dry natural gas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural-gas_processing ENVO:02000145 A lake underneath the surface of the Earth. 2024-05-18T06:05:30Z subterranean lake A lake underneath the surface of the Earth. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_lake ENVO:02000146 A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. industrial chemical processing chemical engineering process A planned process which has the intention of producing, consuming, or transforming materials via the execution of chemical reactions. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering https://www.britannica.com/technology/chemical-engineering ENVO:02000147 A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities. refining refinement process A planned material transformation process which takes as input a material and removes impurities. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining refining https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refining ENVO:02000148 A chemical engineering process that produces ammonia en masse via artificial nitrogen fixation. Haber process This process is the primary synthetic means of producing fertilizer Haber-Bosch process ENVO:02000149 A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. hydrogen production process A chemical engineering process which generates hydrogen gas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_production ENVO:02000150 A mineral deposit that contains uranium ore. uranium ore deposit uranium deposit ENVO:02000151 A uranium deposit where self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions have occurred. Oklo is the only known location for this in the world and consists of 16 sites at which self-sustaining nuclear fission reactions are thought to have taken place approximately 1.7 billion years ago, and ran for a few hundred thousand years, averaging probably less than 100 kW of thermal power during that time natural nuclear fission reactor A uranium deposit where self-sustaining nuclear chain reactions have occurred. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_nuclear_fission_reactor ENVO:02000152 Sediment that is part of a mangrove biome. 2024-05-18T06:13:48Z mangrove sediment Mangroves are widely recognised as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation as they capture and store significant amounts of sediment organic carbon (SOC). mangrove biome sediment ENVO:02000153 Sediment that is part of a salt marsh. 2024-05-18T06:21:33Z marine salt marsh sediment ENVO:02000154 A construction that is assembled by a non-human animal 2024-08-05T20:02:27Z Non-human animal assembled structure Non-human animal construction animal construction ENVO:02000155 Solid material that has a waste role. 2024-05-19T05:18:16Z solid waste solid waste material ENVO:02000156 A dairy farm which is managed using practices certified to be organic by a competent authority. 2024-05-19T05:23:09Z organic dairy farm ENVO:02000157 A landfill that receives household waste. 2024-05-19T05:30:43Z municipal landfill A landfill that receives household waste. https://www.epa.gov/landfills/municipal-solid-waste-landfills ENVO:02000158 A recycling process that uses microbes for the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus during wastewater treatment. 2024-05-19T05:34:58Z biological nutrient removal during wastewater treatment ENVO:02000159 An animal habitation that is assembled by colonies of organisms in the clade Anthophila (bees). Each nest is composed of multiple honeycombs, constructed using beeswax for the purposes of rearing young and storing honey and pollen. 2024-08-05T20:04:24Z beehive bee hive An animal habitation that is assembled by colonies of organisms in the clade Anthophila (bees). Each nest is composed of multiple honeycombs, constructed using beeswax for the purposes of rearing young and storing honey and pollen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000160 An animal habitation assembled by organisms within the clade Hymenoptera. Examples include termite nests, beehives, and ant nests. Typically constructed to serve as habitation for a whole colony ruled by a queen. 2024-08-05T20:07:57Z hymenopteran habitation An animal habitation assembled by organisms within the clade Hymenoptera. Examples include termite nests, beehives, and ant nests. Typically constructed to serve as habitation for a whole colony ruled by a queen. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000161 A termite nest that is built above ground, and is made of soil, saliva, and feces, formed as a large mound. 2024-08-05T20:09:16Z termite mound A termite nest that is built above ground, and is made of soil, saliva, and feces, formed as a large mound. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000162 A termite nest that is underground, often connected to food sources through a network of tunnels. 2024-08-05T20:09:26Z termite subterranean nest A termite nest that is underground, often connected to food sources through a network of tunnels. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000163 A termite nest that is built above ground in trees or on structures, often resembling large lumps attached to branches. 2024-08-05T20:09:37Z termite arboreal nest A termite nest that is built above ground in trees or on structures, often resembling large lumps attached to branches. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000164 An animal habitation that is assembled by an organism in the order Crocodylia (alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and gharials). These habitations (nests), are typically built in freshwater or brackish environments. They can be mound nests, made from vegetation, mud, and organic material, or hole nests, excavated in sandy or muddy banks. These nests serve as sites for egg laying, incubation, and initial care of the young. 2024-08-05T20:15:17Z nest of crocodilian nest of crocodylian crocodilian nest An animal habitation that is assembled by an organism in the order Crocodylia (alligators, crocodiles, caimans, and gharials). These habitations (nests), are typically built in freshwater or brackish environments. They can be mound nests, made from vegetation, mud, and organic material, or hole nests, excavated in sandy or muddy banks. These nests serve as sites for egg laying, incubation, and initial care of the young. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000165 An animal habitation that is constructed by organisms in the family Crocodylidae (crocodiles). 2024-08-05T20:15:34Z crocodile nest Crocodiles can nest in a variety of environments, including freshwater and brackish water habitats like rivers, lakes, wetlands, and coastal areas. nest of crocodile An animal habitation that is constructed by organisms in the family Crocodylidae (crocodiles). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000166 A bee hive that occurs naturally without human intervention, typically found in environments such as tree cavities, rock crevices, or underground burrows. 2024-08-05T20:24:25Z natural bee hive A bee hive that occurs naturally without human intervention, typically found in environments such as tree cavities, rock crevices, or underground burrows. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive ENVO:02000167 A bee hive that is built in a structure assembled by humans to house bee colonies, often for the purposes of honey production, pollination, or research. For simplicitly we model anthropogenic bee hive as an animal construction, and model the structure in which it is housed as anthropogenic. 2024-08-05T20:24:51Z artificial hive anthropogenic bee hive A bee hive that is built in a structure assembled by humans to house bee colonies, often for the purposes of honey production, pollination, or research. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive ENVO:02000168 A human construction that serves as a structure in which bees can build their hives. 2024-08-05T20:28:42Z anthropogenic bee hive structure A human construction that serves as a structure in which bees can build their hives. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000169 A natural wax that is produced by a bee. 2024-08-05T20:33:59Z beeswax A natural wax that is produced by a bee. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive ENVO:02000170 A modular structure created by bees (Anthophila) from beeswax, consisting of a mass of hexagonal prismatic cells used to store honey, pollen, and house brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae). 2024-08-05T20:34:57Z honeycomb A modular structure created by bees (Anthophila) from beeswax, consisting of a mass of hexagonal prismatic cells used to store honey, pollen, and house brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive ENVO:02000171 2024-08-05T20:38:06Z construction of hymenopteran hymenopteran construction ENVO:02000172 An animal habitation that is assembled by a wasp. These may be in the ground, in wall cavities, or in sheltered areas. 2024-08-05T20:41:04Z nest of wasp An animal habitation that is assembled by a wasp. These may be in the ground, in wall cavities, or in sheltered areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest ENVO:02000173 An animal habitation created by a beaver, constructed within or adjacent to the pond created by the beaver dam. 2024-08-05T20:56:27Z beaver lodge ENVO:02000174 An animal construction created by leaf-cutter ants that is composed of various materials that result from the ants' activities and behaviors, including degraded plant material, microbial communities, organic material, dead ants and fungus. 2024-08-05T21:02:49Z ant dump ENVO:02000175 An animal structure that is assembled by a spider from silk, that serves as both habitation and a structure to trap prey. 2024-08-05T21:05:22Z spider web ENVO:02000176 2024-08-05T21:20:12Z A process of pollution degradation involving the deliberate use of cultured or modified organisms to remove or neutralize contaminants, typically within controlled systems. bioremediation ENVO:02000177 2024-08-05T21:20:56Z pollution degradation ENVO:02000178 2024-08-05T21:21:15Z anthropogenic modulation of pollution ENVO:02000179 2024-11-10T03:00:54Z mine pit pond ENVO:02000180 A process of bioremediation that specifically targets the breakdown of hydrocarbon pollutants, using engineered or adapted microorganisms to convert these organic compounds into less harmful substances. 2024-08-05T21:31:42Z hydrocarbon bioremediation ENVO:02000181 A bioremediation technique involving the use of specially engineered organisms, often microbes, that can sequester, mobilize, or transform metal contaminants into non-toxic forms. 2024-08-05T21:32:21Z metal bioremediation ENVO:02000182 A specialized form of bioremediation focusing on the degradation or transformation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), employing engineered organisms capable of breaking down compounds that are resistant to environmental degradation. 2024-08-05T21:32:50Z persistent organic pollutant bioremediation ENVO:02000183 A bioremediation process directed at the degradation of terephthalate compounds, utilizing genetically modified or specially adapted microorganisms to metabolize these synthetic polymers. 2024-08-05T21:33:02Z terephthalate remediation ENVO:02000184 A form of bioremediation that targets tetrachloroethylene and its derivatives, employing organisms that have been engineered to detoxify these chlorinated organic solvents. 2024-08-05T21:33:20Z tetrachloroethylene or tetrachloroethylene derivative remediation ENVO:02000185 A bioremediation process specifically designed for the breakdown of thiocyanates, using modified organisms to convert thiocyanate into less harmful substances through biological pathways. 2024-08-05T21:33:32Z thiocyanate remediation ENVO:02000186 2024-11-10T03:04:15Z mine pit ENVO:02000187 A planned process involving the deliberate use of biological agents, such as microbes or enzymes, to chemically modify substances in a controlled setting. This process is typically utilized to enhance the value or reduce the environmental impact of various materials. 2024-08-05T22:07:41Z biotransformation biotransformation process ENVO:02000188 A biotransformation process that targets coal, using engineered biological organisms to alter its chemical composition or properties, potentially enhancing its energy efficiency or reducing its environmental footprint. 2024-08-05T22:09:19Z biotransformation of coal ENVO:02000189 A biotransformation that uses microorganisms to increase the extraction efficiency of oil from reservoirs. This process may involve the alteration of oil viscosity, the modification of reservoir properties, or the production of biosurfactants. 2024-08-05T22:10:07Z microbial enhanced oil recovery ENVO:02000190 A biotransformation that uses microbes to convert solid coal into a more soluble form, enhancing its utility for energy production or further chemical processing. 2024-08-05T22:10:33Z microbial solubization of coal ENVO:02000191 A biotransformation process that produces mixed alcohols from from biomass via fermentation. 2024-08-05T22:13:50Z mixed alcohol bioreactor process biotransformation of biomass into mixed alcohols ENVO:02000192 A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage to an underground mine. 2024-11-10T03:06:16Z adit A horizontal or nearly horizontal passage to an underground mine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adit ENVO:02500000 A process in which includes the components of an environmental system as participants. This is a convenience class for organisation and should not be used for annotation. environmental system process ENVO:02500001 A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. desertification A type of land degradation in which terrestrial ecosystem becomes increasingly dry, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. ENVO:02500002 A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. flooding A general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland and/or tidal waters, and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source. A great flow along a watercourse or a flow causing inundation of lands not normally covered by water. GEMET: http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/3301 ENVO:02500003 A process which occurs within an atmosphere. This class will be populated by inference and is primarily organisational. atmospheric process ENVO:02500004 A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. greenhouse effect A process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect ENVO:02500005 A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. An SDGIO request. Likely to be refined and revised. This could include, for example, reducing soil health, pollinator activity, or an ecosystem's ability to sequester carbon. land degradation A process which diminishes the functioning of an ecosystem located on land. http://www.who.int/globalchange/ecosystems/desert/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_degradation ENVO:02500007 A process which consists of all photosynthesis processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 ecosystem-wide photosynthesis ENVO:02500008 A process which consists of all respiration processes instantiated in an ecosystem. See issue #275 ecosystem-wide respiration ENVO:02500009 A biogeochemical process during which one or more chemical compounds are sequentially converted into a series of related compounds in a regularly repeating, periodic fashion. biogeochemical cycling ENVO:02500010 A biogeochemical cycle which has carbon-bearing chemical entities as participants. carbon cycle carbon cycling ENVO:02500011 Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. Prior to afforestation, the land cover of a region must not include forests. afforestation Establishment of a new forest by seeding or planting of nonforested land. GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/167 ENVO:02500012 An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. clearance clearing deforestation An ecosystem process during which the flora and fauna belonging to a forest are removed or destroyed. http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/en/concept/2036 ENVO:02500013 The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. reforestation is reestablishment of forest where the forest recently existed[IPCC] reforestation The planting of trees in areas in where forests have previously been cleared. Adapted from GEMET:http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/concept/6979 ENVO:02500014 To be populated through inference. Do not use for annotation. forest process ENVO:02500015 forest area expansion ENVO:02500017 ENVO:02500013 obsolete anthropogenic reforestation true ENVO:02500018 A process during which the populations in a community of algae in a marine or freshwater ecosystem undergo rapid growth, resulting in high concentrations of algal cells that occur only periodically and briefly in that ecosystem, relative to their concentrations through the majority of the planetary orbital period. This class is under development. Note that cyanobacterial blooms are often confused with algal blooms. There is no globally recognised threshold beyond which community density enters a bloom state. algal bloom process A process during which the populations in a community of algae in a marine or freshwater ecosystem undergo rapid growth, resulting in high concentrations of algal cells that occur only periodically and briefly in that ecosystem, relative to their concentrations through the majority of the planetary orbital period. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom This class is under development. Note that cyanobacterial blooms are often confused with algal blooms. There is no globally recognised threshold beyond which community density enters a bloom state. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom ENVO:02500019 obsolete alga true ENVO:02500021 A process during which the rapid growth of algal populations that result in an algal bloom ceases, and cell densities begin to fall due to death, predation, and transport. algal bloom collapse A process during which the rapid growth of algal populations that result in an algal bloom ceases, and cell densities begin to fall due to death, predation, and transport. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom ENVO:02500022 algal bloom process phase ENVO:02500023 A process during which the algal cells constituting an algal bloom produce biomass from abiotic components during photosynthesis. algal production ENVO:02500024 TODO; add axioms pointing to GO organismal process; Add axioms pointing to toxin role accumulation of toxins from algal bloom process ENVO:02500025 degradation of toxins from algal bloom process ENVO:02500026 A process during which humans apply technology to alter the magnitude, duration, rate, or impact of an environmental process. Relabel the obo foundry unique label to be generic process anthropogenic modulatory intervention process ENVO:02500027 An environmental process which is driven by the action of humans. anthropogenic environmental process ENVO:02500028 An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. planetary erosion An action of exogenic processes (such as water flow or wind) which remove environmental material from one part of a planet's crust, transporting it to another location where it is deposited. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erosion ENVO:02500029 An erosional process in which bedrock is converted from its solid form into a solute by the action of some solvent. bedrock dissolution ENVO:02500030 A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities biogeochemical process A process during which chemicals that are involved in natural ecosystem processes are transported or transformed, and which impact the activity of biological entities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeochemistry ENVO:02500031 An environmental process which has water - in any of its states - as a participant. This classes asserted subclasses will be moved away as it should be an inferred class. hydrological process ENVO:02500032 A planned process during which human agents establish plant communities in ecosystems which have previously been, partially or wholly, stripped of existing plant communities. planned revegetation ENVO:02500033 Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration is the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration from the Earth's land and ocean surface to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evapotranspiration ENVO:02500034 Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. evaporation Evaporation is a form of vaporisation which occurs when a portion of the surface layer of a liquid in contact with a gaseous material, which is not saturated with the evaporating substance, vaporises. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation ENVO:02500035 Transpiration is the process of water movement through a plant and its evaporation from aerial parts of that plant, such as from leaves but also from stems and flowers. Needs a process part "water transport" or similar and some link to plants to be complete. transpiration ENVO:02500036 An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. pollution Pollutants may be material or immaterial (e.g. heat energy) environmental pollution An environmental system process that results in the introduction of contaminants into an environment. ENVO:02500037 A pollution process during which particulates or other contaminants are released into a portion of air. air pollution ENVO:02500038 A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. soil pollution A pollution process during which contaminants are released into soil. ENVO:02500039 A pollution process during which contaminants are released into water. water pollution ENVO:02500040 A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. plastic pollution A pollution process during which plastic contaminants are released into an environmental material. ENVO:02500041 An process in which environmental parameters and variables are continually assayed. monitoring environmental monitoring ENVO:02500042 A planned process during which the amount of pollutants released into an environmental system is regulated. pollution prevention pollution control ENVO:02500043 A monitoring process that assays the level of environmental pollutants to determine the presence of effect of environmental pollution. pollution monitoring ENVO:02500044 A pollution process that results in increased levels of pollutants in an urban environment. urban pollution ENVO:03000000 Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 névé Névé that survives a full season of ablation turns into firn. neve Partially compacted granular snow, which has undergone several cycles of melting and refreezing while being compacted, usually found on the atmosphere-exposed surface of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9 ENVO:03000002 Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Firn derives from névé which has survived a full season of ablation and has undergone a metamorphic transition. firn Granular snow which contains a proportion of fused granules formed through melting and re-thawing while being compacted by the weight of overlying material and which contains interconnected gaseous pores. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firn ENVO:03000003 A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing. Link to mass wasting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Often, the weight of material deposited on top of powdery snow by, for example, mass wasting, can lead to nivation. nivation A material transformation process during which recently precipitated, powdery snow transitions into firn or névé through compaction and/or through cycles of freezing and thawing. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nivation ENVO:03000004 Any water ice that is part of a glacier. It is suggested that users complement this term with ice terms that are more descriptive of the ice itself, rather than its location/parthood. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial ice Any water ice that is part of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier ENVO:03000005 Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 erosionally enriched glacial ice Glacial ice which contains material liberated during a glacial erosion process. https://www.asf.alaska.edu/blog/why-is-glacier-ice-blue/ ENVO:03000006 An erosion process during which the movement of a glacier across a terrestrial surface causes the removal of material from that surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glaciation glacial erosion process ENVO:03000007 Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 The blue 'appearance' is to be understood as that within the visual range of humans. blue ice Water ice containing little to no air bubbles resulting in a reduction of internal light scattering and, given sufficient volume, a blue appearance. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_ice_(glacial) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacier ENVO:03000008 A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 compaction process A physical process during which atoms, molecules, or other consituents of a material entity are forced closer together. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaction ENVO:03000009 A process during which the mass of one or more materials, present within a given site, increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material accumulation process ends a material transport process. material accumulation process ENVO:03000010 A process during which material is displaced from its original location and transported either to a new location or back to the original location. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material transport process ENVO:03000011 A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of ice ice accumulation ice gain A material accumulation process during which the mass of an existing ice mass increases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation_zone ENVO:03000012 A material transport process during which the snow and ice constituting a glacier, and anything contained within it, is transported down a slope by gravitation. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial flow glacial movement This must be differentiated from small ice masses simply falling or moving down slopes. In ENVO, this is a subclass of advective transport process, however, this may not be universally accepted by some which strictly limit advection to fluids. glacial transport process ENVO:03000013 A small glacier contained within a cirque basin. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 The decreased size axiom is debatable cirque glacier A small glacier contained within a cirque basin. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1216/text.html ENVO:03000015 A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. The general semantics of depression and geographic basin are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 geographic basin A depression which is part of a planetary crust, is of geographic scale, and is partially or completely enclosed. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basin ENVO:03000016 A process during which a mass composed of one or more environmental materials, present within a given site, decreases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. material decumulation process A process during which a mass composed of one or more environmental materials, present within a given site, decreases. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/decumulation ENVO:03000017 A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier decreases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial ice loss ENVO:03000018 A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 englacial stream A stream which is primarily composed of meltwater and which flows within a glacier or ice sheet. http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095752518 ENVO:03000020 A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 eolian æolian aeolian transport process A material transport process during which one or more environmental materials are transported by the action of wind. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aeolian_processes ENVO:03000021 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 soot Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of carbon particles formed through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot ENVO:03000025 Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 erosionally enriched ice Water ice which contains material liberated during an erosion process. https://www.asf.alaska.edu/blog/why-is-glacier-ice-blue/ ENVO:03000027 Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Described as having a fluffy appearance. powdery snow Uncompacted snow containing trapped atmospheric gases. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Types_of_snow https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/snow/science/characteristics.html ENVO:03000029 A process during which the mass of ice constituting a glacier increases. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial ice gain ENVO:03000030 A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacier calving Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. glacial ice calving process A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 ENVO:03000031 A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 iceberg calving glacier calving Calving is usually caused by the expansion of glaciers. iceberg calving process A process during which a part of a glacier breaks away from the main mass as an iceberg. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 ENVO:03000032 A process during which a part of an iceberg breaks away from the main mass. It would be ideal to express that the size of the icemass calved must be smaller than an iceberg. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 calving of ice from an iceberg A process during which a part of an iceberg breaks away from the main mass. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3522 ENVO:03000033 Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 marine sediments Particles of marine sediment are primarily generated by 1) processes in terrestrial systems and transported to the marine realm by the action of rivers or aeolian processes (amongst other routes) , 2) marine organisms, 3) chemical processes in seawater, or 4) cosmogeneous input. marine sediment Sediment which has been transported through the marine water column, settling on the seafloor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 ENVO:03000034 Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope. In this definition we refer to sedimentation processes that occured above the shelf, however this should be relaxed to include the continental shelf and slope. output of sedimentation process which occured in neritic zone biome http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 shallow marine sediments neritic marine sediment shallow marine sediment Marine sediment soured from either terrestrial systems, marine organisms, seawater and or cosmogeneous sources, which is transported through the marine water column, and accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelagic_sediment#_note-8 ENVO:03000035 A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 supraglacial lakes supraglacial lake A water body which is located in a depression within the surface of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraglacial_lake ENVO:03000036 A material accumulation process during which solid particles are pulled through a water body by gravitation or centrifugal force and which ends when they settle on a solid surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 sedimentation in a water body ENVO:03000037 An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://github.com/Vocamp/Virtual-Hackahon-on-Glacier-topic http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AblationZone area of glacial ablation glacial ablation area glacial ice ablation area This class is more fully defined as: "The part of the glacier, usually at lower elevations, where ablation exceeds accumulation in magnitude, that is, where the cumulative mass balance relative to the start of the mass-balance year is negative. Unless qualified, for example by giving a date within the year, references to the ablation zone refer to its extent at the end of the mass-balance year. The extent of the ablation zone can vary strongly from year to year. A synonym of ablation area." - GCW Terminology and Vocabulary Assessment Report 2018”, GCW report #23/2018 glacial ice ablation zone An ablation zone which is part of a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ablation http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/AblationZone SWEET asserts this to be a subclass of cryo:GlacialRegion, thus the lack of link to ice sheets. This class is more fully defined as: "The part of the glacier, usually at lower elevations, where ablation exceeds accumulation in magnitude, that is, where the cumulative mass balance relative to the start of the mass-balance year is negative. Unless qualified, for example by giving a date within the year, references to the ablation zone refer to its extent at the end of the mass-balance year. The extent of the ablation zone can vary strongly from year to year. A synonym of ablation area." - GCW Terminology and Vocabulary Assessment Report 2018”, GCW report #23/2018 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:03000038 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. This actually is formed as a result of an accumulation process involving the constituents of cryoconite. When their semantics are more stable, we can axiomatise this fully. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 cryoconite deposit Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of dust, rock, and soot, as well as the microbial communities associated with these materials, deposited on an ice mass by an aeolian process. http://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v13/n11/full/nrmicro3522.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoconite ENVO:03000039 A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed as a result of ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits. The general semantics of depressions are still to be worked out see https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/486 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 cryoconite holes This class doesn't refer to the site but instead the depression or hole and therefore the adjacency to the cryoconite itself. cryoconite hole A vertical thaw hole within an ice mass, formed as a result of ice melt associated with local temperature increases, due to increased absorption of solar radiation by cryoconite deposits. http://glaciers.pdx.edu/Projects/Antarctica/CryoconiteHoles/Cryo_main.html ENVO:03000040 A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 melt ponds meltpond meltponds melt pond A water body which forms as a result of localised melting taking place on the surface of a glacier or a mass of sea ice and which is contained in the cavity formed by such melting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_pond ENVO:03000041 A channel through which brine flows. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 brine channels brine channel A channel through which brine flows. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/brine-channels ENVO:03000042 A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 This process may be considered a material accumulation process as it is the accumulation of brine droplets which form the channels. brine channel formation process A material accumulation process during which brine droplets, trapped between ice crystals formed during seawater freezing, form brine channels. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil ENVO:03000043 A process during which a portion of some environmental material is converted into a different material or a collection of materials. A different material transformation process class (or similarly named class) pertaining to the conversion of a specific chemical into another belongs in CHEBI and or REX ontologies. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Experimental class for structural purposes not recommended for annotation. A material transformation process only refers to ENVO:environmental material classes (e.g. bulk and typically impure substances), rather than transformations converting a specific chemical into another. material transformation process ENVO:03000044 A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 sea ice formation process A material transformation process during which seawater freezes into sea ice. http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Re-St/Sea-Water-Freezing-of.html ENVO:03000045 A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Expelled salt accumulates in brine droplets, which remain in a liquid state due to their increased salinity. brine rejection from seawater A material transformation process during which brine is formed due to the expulsion of salt during frazil formation or a seawater freezing process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine_rejection ENVO:03000046 New ice which is composed frazil which has congealed into a thin sheet. Needs to have axioms added pertaining to the semantics of colloids and suspensions once they have been resolved see: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/91#issuecomment-290711238 Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/FrazilIce Typically 3 to 4 millimeters in diameter. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. frazil ice New ice which is composed frazil which has congealed into a thin sheet. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil ENVO:03000047 A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 frazil ice formation A new ice formation process during which small, needle-like crystals consisting of nearly pure fresh water, form due to the freezing of open, turbulent, supercooled water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frazil_ice#Formation https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/frazil ENVO:03000048 A channel which traverses an ice mass floating on a water body and bridges the atmosphere to the underlying water through its internal cavity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 thaw holes thaw hole A channel which traverses an ice mass floating on a water body and bridges the atmosphere to the underlying water through its internal cavity. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary-terms/sea-ice ENVO:03000050 A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 atmosphere-exposed melt pond A melt pond which has a surface exposed to the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt_pond ENVO:03000051 A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 In practice, there may be some openings which are small relative to the surface footprint of the meltpond. ice-encased melt pond A melt pond which is completely encased in ice and thus not directly exposed to the atmosphere or underlying water. https://phys.org/news/2017-01-arctic-ponds-meltwater-clogs-ice.html ENVO:03000053 A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier. Add axioms to show that this is on the larger side in a size continuum between ice-encased meltponds and intraglacial lakes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 intraglacial lakes intraglacial lake A lake which is comprised of meltwater located underneath or within a glacier. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258663667_Detection_of_a_subglacial_lake_in_Glacier_de_Tete_Rousse_Mont_Blanc_area_France https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313281555_Antarctic_subglacial_lakes_drain_through_sediment-floored_canals_Theory_and_model_testing_on_real_and_idealized_domains ENVO:03000054 A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 depositional process A process during which material entities are added to a landform or to a feature upon the landform. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(geology) ENVO:03000055 A desublimation process during which water vapour is frozen into water ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 desublimation of water vapour into ice ENVO:03000056 An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. Make this class the union of the following processes: frazil ice formation, grease ice formation process, slush formation process, and shuga formation process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 new ice formation process An ice formation process during which water is frozen into a form of new ice such as frazil, grease ice, slush, or shuga. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/new-ice ENVO:03000057 An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ENVO:03000044 obsolete sea ice formation process true An ice formation process during which seawater is frozen into a sea ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#Formation ENVO:03000058 A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 nilas formation process A sea ice formation process during which new ice crystals freeze together, forming nilas, a thin, elastic, continuous, ice sheet of a transparent gray color. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/nilas ENVO:03000059 A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 young ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which water freezes to the bottom of an existing nilas ice floe creating a thicker ice floe known as young ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000060 A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 First year ice that survives melting during spring and summer can transition to second year ice. first year ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto young ice during the cold season, forming first year ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000061 A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Second year ice forms from first year ice which has previously survived one melt season. second year ice formation A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes onto first year ice during the cold season, forming second year sea ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000062 A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Multiyear ice forms from second year ice which has previously survived at least two melt seasons. multiyear ice formation process A sea ice formation process during which seawater freezes into second year ice during the cold season, forming multiyear ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000063 Water ice which is formed from freezing water and is suspended in a water body. Currently the new ice classes are not specific to sea water as they may form in non marine systems, but it would be good to confirm this especially for frazil ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 sea ice types include frazil, grease ice, slush, and shuga. These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. new ice Water ice which is formed from freezing water and is suspended in a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/new-ice ENVO:03000065 An ice mass which forms a cohesive and contiguous sheet of water ice, floating upon the surface of a water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ice floes Ice floes can exist in sea ice, in rivers or lakes. The WMO offers the following extent-based classification. Floe giant: Over 10 km across. Floe vast: 2-10 km across. Floe big: 500-2000 m across. Floe medium: 100-500 m across. Floe small: 20-100 m across. Ice cake: Less than 20 m across. Small ice cake: Less than 2 m across. ice floe An ice mass which forms a cohesive and contiguous sheet of water ice, floating upon the surface of a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe Ice floes can exist in sea ice, in rivers or lakes. The WMO offers the following extent-based classification. Floe giant: Over 10 km across. Floe vast: 2-10 km across. Floe big: 500-2000 m across. Floe medium: 100-500 m across. Floe small: 20-100 m across. Ice cake: Less than 20 m across. Small ice cake: Less than 2 m across. http://hdl.handle.net/11329/394 ENVO:03000066 An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/Floe sea ice floes sea ice floe An ice floe which is formed from frozen sea water, and floats upon the surface of a marine water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/ice-floe ENVO:03000067 A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 pancake ice A sea ice floe which has a rounded or circular shape and raised rims. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancake_ice https://web.archive.org/web/20040712022508/http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca:80/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID=10992&Lang=eng ENVO:03000068 A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 nilas A sea ice floe which is thin, elastic, continuous, and of a transparent gray color, which results from the freezing of new ice. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/nilas https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/nilas ENVO:03000069 A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker than nilas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 young ice A sea ice floe which is inflexible and thicker than nilas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000071 Sea ice which has formed over a single freezing season. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://sweetontology.net/realmCryo/SeasonalIce seasonal ice Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. first year ice Sea ice which has formed over a single freezing season. http://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/tag/first-year-ice/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 seasonal ice First year ice which melts before the next freezing season is often referred to as seasonal ice. By definition, seasonal ice cannot become second year ice. Sea ice develops from young ice; thickness from 0.3 to 2 meters (1 to 6.6 feet). Sea ice be subdivided into thin first-year ice (white ice), medium first-year ice, and thick first-year ice. First-year ice is distinguished from older ice primarily by having a higher salinity. Undeformed first-year ice differs from older ice in that it is smoother and lacks refrozen melt ponds. Characteristically level where undisturbed by pressure, but where ridges occur, they distinguished by being larger, more angular, and more porous than multiyear ridges. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 ENVO:03000072 Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 second year ice Sea ice which is thicker than first year ice, and has survived a seasonal melting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000073 Sea ice which is thicker than second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 multiyear ice Sea ice which is thicker than second year ice, and has survived more than two seasonal melting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_ice#New_ice.2C_nilas_and_young_ice ENVO:03000074 A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Within a marine system, grease ice makes the ocean surface resemble an oil slick. grease ice layer A layer which consists of a thin aggregate of frazil ice crystals, which float upon the surface of a water body. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/grease-ice ENVO:03000075 New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. shuga New ice, which is spongy, lumpy and opaque, and forms from water which freezes in an agitated water body. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/shuga https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/shuga ENVO:03000076 A slurry of frazil, snow, and liquid water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 These new ice classes refer to both marine water and fresh water ice. If using this term for annotation, use it in conjunction with another envo term to express whether the ice is in a marine, freshwater, or other system. slush ice A slurry of frazil, snow, and liquid water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/slush ENVO:03000077 A layer which consists of slush ice. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 slush ice layer A layer which consists of slush ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slush ENVO:03000078 A new ice formation process in which slush ice is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 slush formation process ENVO:03000079 A new ice formation process in which shuga is formed. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 shuga formation process ENVO:03000082 A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 cave-in lake thaw lake thermokarst lakes Continued thawing of the permafrost substrate can lead to the drainage and eventual disappearance of thermokarst lakes, leaving only the landform, thermokarst depression behind. thermokarst lake A freshwater lake which fills a depression formed by the erosion of thermokarst caused by permafrost thaw. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst ENVO:03000083 A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 On Earth, the bright blue appearance, in the light spectrum visible to humans, is due to increased abundances of microorganisms attracted to sulfur compounds associated with the methane release. methane-releasing thermokarst lake A thermokarst lake through which methane gas released from thawing permafrost, or other methane stores, rises and escapes to the atmosphere. http://www.sciencealert.com/photos-reveal-more-than-200-bright-blue-arctic-lakes-have-started-bubbling-with-methane-gas ENVO:03000084 A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 thermokarst depression A geographic basin which is formed due to the erosion of thermokarst by meltwater released from thawing permafrost. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst ENVO:03000085 An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Thermokarst is usually found in Arctic or mountainous areas. thermokarst An irregular land surface which consists of marshy hollows, hummocks, thermokarst depressions and thermokarst lakes formed from the erosion of ice-rich thawing permafrost areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermokarst ENVO:03000086 A permafrost thawing process during which water-based ice or snow present in permafrost is converted into meltwater. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 ice-bearing permafrost thawing process A permafrost thawing process during which water-based ice or snow present in permafrost is converted into meltwater. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost ENVO:03000088 Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas. It would probably be better to assert parthood between the permafrost and cavities filled with gas rather than the gases themselves. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 bulgunyakh Other hydrocarbon gasses such as carbon dioxide may also be present. These pockets can be sufficently large that the permafrost surface will undulate when pressure is applied. methane-laden permafrost Permafrost which contains pockets of trapped methane gas. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment ENVO:03000089 A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 gigantic funnel permafrost crater derived from a methane explosion A crater which is found in permafrost and formed as a result of an explosion fuelled by methane formerly contained in that permafrost. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment ENVO:03000090 A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 explosion Supersonic explosions are known as detonations and subsonic explosions as deflagrations. explosion process A process during which a material entity undergoes a rapid increase in volume, releasing gasses and various forms of energy, often including thermal, light and sound energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosion ENVO:03000091 An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 permafrost methane explosion An explosion during which methane-rich gas trapped in permafrost combusts. http://www.nature.com/news/mysterious-siberian-crater-attributed-to-methane-1.15649 http://www.sciencealert.com/7-000-huge-gas-bubbles-have-formed-under-siberia-and-could-explode-at-any-moment ENVO:03000092 A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 gas emission process A material transport process during which a portion of gaseous environmental material is transported into the atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas ENVO:03000093 A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Some hydrocarbon gasses within the atmosphere contribute to the planetary green house gas effect by increasing absorption of solar energy. hydrocarbon gas emission process A gas emission process during which a portion of hydrocarbon gas is transported into the atmosphere. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases ENVO:03000094 A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from livestock and other agricultural practices and by the decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. methane gas emission process A hydrocarbon gas emission process during which a portion of methane gas is transported into the atmosphere. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/overview-greenhouse-gases ENVO:03000095 A process during which the intesity of stellar radiation received by a planet's surface varies in a cyclical regime due to the planet's orbital motion around the barycentre of a planetary system and/or the tilt of its rotational axis relative to its orbital plane. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 The seasons that are generated by this process are divisions of time between warm (maximal radiation exposure) and cold (minimum radiation exposure) extremes. Depending on the planet's makeup, the resulting seasonal dynamics may include ecological and meteorological cycles which may form the basis for further divisions of the cycle (e.g. rainy season, dry season, wildfire season). season generating process ENVO:03000096 A one-dimensional temporal region which is delimited by the occurrence of processes which serve as its delimiters. Season could be implemented as a subclass of one-dimensional temporal region, however, this will need further thought and discussion with BFO editors. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 season ENVO:03000097 A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part exceeds that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 The boundaries of seasons are typically fiat and should be defined on a data/information layer. This also pertains to the amount of time included when averaging measured values of qualities like temperature. warm season ENVO:03000098 A season during which the average temperature of a planetary part is below that of all other seasons it endures during a season generating process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 The boundaries of seasons are typically fiat and should be defined on a data/information layer. This also pertains to the amount of time included when averaging measured values of qualities like temperature. cold season ENVO:03000099 A material transformation process during which a material entity melts during a warm season. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 seasonal melting process ENVO:03000101 A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. We should add the subclass axiom: 'has output' some ('environmental material' and 'has quality' some 'decreased porosity') once PATO:decreased porosity is available see ENVO issue #497 Additional axioms could also refer to object aggregates becoming objects within an environmental material. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 solid-phase sintering A compaction process during which a material entity subjected to heat and/or pressure is compacted into a solid mass without undergoing melting. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering ENVO:03000102 A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice. Axioms will probably need to be updated if the axiomatisation of solid-phase sintering changes. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 glacial sintering A sintering process during which snow is compacted into glacial ice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sintering ENVO:03000103 An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 aeolian transport of snow An aeolian transport process during which powdery snow is displaced and moved. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Drifting ENVO:03000104 An accumulation process during which a powdery snow carried on the wind settles on a solid surface, forming a mound. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 drifting of unsintered snow snow drift formation ENVO:03000105 A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Slab avalanches account for most back-country fatalities. slab avalanche A mass wasting process during which slab snow rapidly moves down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche ENVO:03000106 An avalanche during which powdery snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 powder snow avalanche powdery snow avalanche An avalanche during which powdery snow rapidly flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche ENVO:03000107 An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 Wet snow avalanches travel at a lower velocity than other types of avalanches. wet snow avalanche An avalanche during which a suspension of water and snow flows down a sloping surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Avalanche ENVO:03000108 Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 slab snow Snow which is cohesive, hard and overlies weaker snow. http://www.fsavalanche.org/slab ENVO:03000110 A solid astronomical body part which is primarily composed of a continuous mass of snow and/or ice. Place holder class. Also the axiom should be changed to something along the lines of 'primairly composed of’ some ‘environmental material’ and ‘has quality’ frozen once PATO:frozen is imported. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 cryoform ENVO:03000111 A mass of snow. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 accumulation of snow snow accumulation http://sweetontology.net/phenCryo/Accumulation snow mass ENVO:03000112 An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 snowdrift unsintered snow snow drift An accumulation of powdery snow which was transported and deposited via a snow drifting process. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow#Drifting ENVO:03000113 An accumulation of snow and firn which rests upon land. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 snowpatch snow patch ENVO:03000114 A snow patch which forms during a cold season and melts away during the succeeding warm season. Need to find a way of expression the fact that it 'ends during' some 'warm season' (but not with that axiom as that is for processes not a material entity). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 seasonal snowpatch seasonal snow patch ENVO:03000115 A snow patch which persists through at least one seasonal cycle. Need to find a way of expression the fact that it has survived two or more melt seasons. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 perennial snowpatch A snow patch is defined as perennial if it survives two or more melt seasons. perennial snow patch ENVO:03000116 A snow mass which is large enough, and persists long enough, to undergo compaction under its own weight, leading to layer-like structural differentiation. Given that SWEET considers the term to be a thickness and ENVO currently considers it a mass of snow. We have mismatch with the SWEET class, however, in ENVO we will take this term to be a mass of environmental material not a quality based on the harmonized GCW definition. See https://github.com/ESIPFed/sweet/issues/236#issue-805822974. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow pack Snowpack is found in geographic regions experiencing cold weather for extended periods of time. The GCW analysis of multiple glossaries found eight definitions of snowpack, with many commonalities but also disagreements. Please see the corresponding report "WMO GCW Nomenclature Assessment" for more information. snowpack A snow mass which is large enough, and persists long enough, to undergo compaction under its own weight, leading to layer-like structural differentiation. ENVO:03000117 A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. Intended to be a top level class for wide variety of channel-like entities. It’s particulars may change once more subclasses are accumulated. This is distinct from 'channel of a watercourse', which is a depression. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 channel A structure which traverses a mass of one or more environmental materials, and encloses a roughly tubular site. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/channel ENVO:03000118 A melt pond which and is exposed to the atmosphere and to a lesser degree water underlying the ice mass which contains it. It would be good to add an axiom such as 'continuous with' some 'water body'. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 open melt pond atmosphere and water column exposed melt pond ENVO:03000119 A melt pond which is formed close to that part of an ice mass which is in contact with some underlying water body, and which has channels connecting it to that water body. It would be good to add an axiom such as 'continuous with' some 'water body'. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-6405 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 water column exposed melt pond ENVO:03000120 A lake which is situated beneath a glacier. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 subglacial lakes subglacial lake A lake which is situated beneath a glacier. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subglacial_lake ENVO:03000121 An erosion process during which rock or soil is removed or degraded due to alternative thawing and freezing of meltwater beneath and at the margins of snowbanks. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 erosion through nivation An erosion process during which rock or soil is removed or degraded due to alternative thawing and freezing of meltwater beneath and at the margins of snowbanks. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nivation ENVO:03000122 A fire which is planned and executed deliberately under human supervision. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-3327 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fire-stick farming Fire-stick farming was the practice of Indigenous Australians who regularly used fire to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. Aboriginal people may have been able to aim the burning of the scrub to avoid growing areas. There may have been a ritual taboo against burning certain areas of jungle. This type of farming directly increased the food supply for Aboriginal people by promoting the growth of bush potatoes and other edible ground-level plants. Planned burns are conducted for a variety of reasons such combating or preventing uncontrolled wildfires in order by reducing the fuel load in a wooded or similar areas with combustible vegetation. Alternatively planned burns, such as those practiced by various indigenous people, are conducted for a variety of reasons including facilitating agriculture, hunting and or traveling. As well as managing populations of parasitic species or game animals by decreasing or increasing the size of their habitats respectively. planned burn A fire which is planned and executed deliberately under human supervision. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled_burn Fire-stick farming was the practice of Indigenous Australians who regularly used fire to burn vegetation to facilitate hunting and to change the composition of plant and animal species in an area. Aboriginal people may have been able to aim the burning of the scrub to avoid growing areas. There may have been a ritual taboo against burning certain areas of jungle. This type of farming directly increased the food supply for Aboriginal people by promoting the growth of bush potatoes and other edible ground-level plants. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-stick_farming Planned burns are conducted for a variety of reasons such combating or preventing uncontrolled wildfires in order by reducing the fuel load in a wooded or similar areas with combustible vegetation. Alternatively planned burns, such as those practiced by various indigenous people, are conducted for a variety of reasons including facilitating agriculture, hunting and or traveling. As well as managing populations of parasitic species or game animals by decreasing or increasing the size of their habitats respectively. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_use_of_fire_in_ecosystems#Reasons_for_and_Benefits_of_burning ENVO:03000123 The concentration of nitrate and nitrite when measured in liquid water. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 liquid water nitrate and nitrite concentration concentration of nitrate and nitrite in liquid water ENVO:03000127 A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acid rainfall A water-based rainfall process during which water droplets with increased acidity fall towards a planetary surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain ENVO:03000128 Water-based rain which has increased acidity. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 acid rain On Earth, the acidity of raindrops is typically increased through interactions of water molecules with sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxide, released into the atmosphere by natural or anthropogenic processes. acidic water-based rain Water-based rain which has increased acidity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_rain ENVO:03000129 A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. Pending decision of placement of season as one-dimensional temporal region, we should add axioms cross linking to monsoon winds, as well as increased prevalence of water-based rainfall. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 On Earth, monsoon seasons typically occur in West Africa, Asia and Australia. monsoon season A season during which changes in atmospheric circulation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea cause moisture to be brought inland by monsoon winds, leading to increased rainfall as moisture-laden air rises and cools over land. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon ENVO:03000130 An atmospheric wind during which air masses over an ocean flow towards a land mass, driven by disequilibria between land and ocean surface temperatures. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 monsoon wind An atmospheric wind during which air masses over an ocean flow towards a land mass, driven by disequilibria between land and ocean surface temperatures. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monsoon https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/monsoon ENVO:03000131 A fire which occurs in a grassland, combusting biomass stored in grasses as its primary fuel. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 grass fire A fire which occurs in a grassland, combusting biomass stored in grasses as its primary fuel. https://www.publish.csiro.au/book/5971/ http://gfmc.online/wp-content/uploads/AFAC-Bushfire-Glossary-Indexed-2012.pdf ENVO:03000132 A woodland clearing which is large enough to starve land fires of fuel, impeding their progress through wooded areas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3884-3420 fire break Firebreaks are typically elongated in shape and may be artificially constructed or result from a naturally occurring obstacle to a fire. Such obstacles include naturally occurring astronomical body parts such as a as rivers, lakes or canyons, or alternatively anthropologically constructed features such as roads. firebreak A woodland clearing which is large enough to starve land fires of fuel, impeding their progress through wooded areas. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firebreak ENVO:03000133 An agricultural environmental material which 1) is composed of a mixture of materials such as peat, composted bark, sand, perlite, or compost, and 2) serves as a medium in which to grow plants. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 potting soil Potting soil can be composed of a wide range of materials in varying ratios, often containing little or no actual soil. agricultural potting mixture An agricultural environmental material which 1) is composed of a mixture of materials such as peat, composted bark, sand, perlite, or compost, and 2) serves as a medium in which to grow plants. ENVO:03000134 A blizzard which 1) lasts at least 3 hours, 2) combines below freezing temperatures and very strong wind, laden with blowing snow. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z Blizzards typically reduces visibility to less than 1 km WMO blizzard A blizzard which 1) lasts at least 3 hours, 2) combines below freezing temperatures and very strong wind, laden with blowing snow. ENVO:03000135 A blizzard which has 1) winds of 35 miles per hour (approximately 56 kilometers per hour), 2) lasts for a period of at least three hours, and 3) occurs in extremely cold temperatures. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z The original definition has been edited to conform to ENVO's textual pattern. Subjective/observer-based differentia (e.g. visibility) have been moved to comments. The NSIDC definition notes that blizzards involve snow reducing visibility to less than one-quarter mile (0.4 km) and are associated with dangerous blizzard conditions. NSIDC blizzard A blizzard which has 1) winds of 35 miles per hour (approximately 56 kilometers per hour), 2) lasts for a period of at least three hours, and 3) occurs in extremely cold temperatures. ENVO:03000136 A blizzard which occurs in winter. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z The original definition has been edited to conform to ENVO's textual pattern. Subjective/observer-based differentia (e.g. visibility) have been moved to comments. winter blizzard A blizzard which occurs in winter. ENVO:03000137 A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects, forming a coating of rime or glaze. 2020-10-14T20:13:10.917Z Freezing fog forms when the air temperature is below freezing and the water droplets in the fog become supercooled. freezing fog A fog the droplets of which freeze upon contact with exposed objects, forming a coating of rime or glaze. Freezing fog forms when the air temperature is below freezing and the water droplets in the fog become supercooled. https://www.treehugger.com/what-is-freezing-fog-4863382 ENVO:03000138 A particle which is 1) primarily compposed of water ice, 2) on the order of 1 milimeter or less, 3) has a white and opaque appearance, and 4) is formed as a result of water droplets freezing during precipitation. Need to add a computable size constraint. 2020-11-18T20:22:03.870Z grain of snow granule of snow snow grain snow granule snow particle granular snow Precipitation in the form of very small, white opaque particles of ice; the solid equivalent of drizzle. They resemble snow pellets in external appearance, but are more flattened and elongated, and generally have diameters of less than 1 mm; they neither shatter nor bounce when they hit a hard surface. Descriptions of the physical structure of snow grains vary widely and include very fine, simple ice crystals; tiny, complex snow crystals; small, compact bundles of rime; and particles with a rime core and a fine glaze coating. It is agreed that snow grains usually fall in very small quantities, mostly from stratus clouds or from fog, and never in the form of a shower. particle of snow A particle which is 1) primarily compposed of water ice, 2) on the order of 1 milimeter or less, 3) has a white and opaque appearance, and 4) is formed as a result of water droplets freezing during precipitation. Precipitation in the form of very small, white opaque particles of ice; the solid equivalent of drizzle. They resemble snow pellets in external appearance, but are more flattened and elongated, and generally have diameters of less than 1 mm; they neither shatter nor bounce when they hit a hard surface. Descriptions of the physical structure of snow grains vary widely and include very fine, simple ice crystals; tiny, complex snow crystals; small, compact bundles of rime; and particles with a rime core and a fine glaze coating. It is agreed that snow grains usually fall in very small quantities, mostly from stratus clouds or from fog, and never in the form of a shower. ENVO:03000139 Fog which is composed of particles of ice. In future will add computable renditions of size and temperature constraints. The synonyms of this class can be quite confusing, as they reference entities like frost (which requires a surface for deposition). Might need to add a new droxtal class see https://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Droxtal. 2020-11-18T20:48:37.965Z frozen fog ice-crystal fog pogonip air hoar frost flakes frost fog rime fog The suspended particles may be partly ice crystals 20 to 100 micron in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12-20 micron in diameter. Ice fog is formed by direct freezing of supercooled water droplets with little growth directly from the vapor. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena or luminous pillars. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30 °C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45 °C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30 °C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled. ice fog Fog which is composed of particles of ice. The suspended particles may be partly ice crystals 20 to 100 micron in diameter, but chiefly, especially when dense, droxtals 12-20 micron in diameter. Ice fog is formed by direct freezing of supercooled water droplets with little growth directly from the vapor. It occurs at very low temperatures, and usually in clear, calm weather in high latitudes. The sun is usually visible and may cause halo phenomena or luminous pillars. Ice fog is rare at temperatures warmer than -30 °C, and increases in frequency with decreasing temperature until it is almost always present at air temperatures of -45 °C in the vicinity of a source of water vapor. Such sources are the open water of fast-flowing streams or of the sea, herds of animals, volcanoes, and especially products of combustion for heating or propulsion. At temperatures warmer than -30 °C, these sources can cause steam fog of liquid water droplets, which may turn into ice fog when cooled. ENVO:03000140 A climate which 1) has a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F), but higher than 0°C (32°F), 2) is not conducive to a permanent surficial cover of snow or ice, and 3) supports a tundra ecosystem. Might need to add the Köppen climate classifications. Climate conditions might be obsoleted. Warmest month and mean temperature are operationally defined, will need to sort these out. Focusing on physical differential like surface cover would be preferable, (but maybe not practical). 2020-11-18T21:04:41.822Z In W. Köppen's 1936 climatic classification it is one of the polar climates, defined as having a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F) (in contrast to snow forest and temperate rainy climates) but higher than 0°C (32°F) (which is the limit of perpetual frost climate). Tundra is designated ET. Tundra climate appears as a temperature province in C. W. Thornthwaite's 1931 classification. tundra climate A climate which 1) has a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F), but higher than 0°C (32°F), 2) is not conducive to a permanent surficial cover of snow or ice, and 3) supports a tundra ecosystem. In W. Köppen's 1936 climatic classification it is one of the polar climates, defined as having a mean temperature for the warmest month of less than 10°C (50°F) (in contrast to snow forest and temperate rainy climates) but higher than 0°C (32°F) (which is the limit of perpetual frost climate). Tundra is designated ET. Tundra climate appears as a temperature province in C. W. Thornthwaite's 1931 classification. ENVO:03000141 A cryospheric layer which is primarily composed of snow. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow cover Follows from the GCW's snow cover definition 2: In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. Given the SWEET terms location in its heirarchy I think only the 3rd definition is meant. snow layer A cryospheric layer which is primarily composed of snow. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4808-4736 Follows from the GCW's snow cover definition 2: In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. Given the SWEET terms location in its heirarchy I think only the 3rd definition is meant. ENVO:03000142 A depth which inheres in a layer of liquid water derived from the complete melting a mass of snow contained in an area. In an area of melted snow it's the thickness of acumulated water. This involves a processing step for measurement, may be more appropriate in OBI (if it extends beyond biomedicine). 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z The quantification of snow water equivalent can be done through direct melting of snow in a defined area, or through the derivation of such a value from the processing of remote sensing data of, e.g., snow density and coverage. snow water equivalent A depth which inheres in a layer of liquid water derived from the complete melting a mass of snow contained in an area. ENVO:03000143 An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. For the moment the definition links to liquid water but in the future we might need to link to other materials for other planets, e.g., Mars. Need to make this planet agnostic. Might want to not have the definition link to years as some astronomical body parts might not be in systems with years. Note that in a strict sense, rocks are also frozen but in a practical sense we use terms like "solidified". This maybe something to revist if we add more astrogelogical content. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] cryosphere An astronomical body part which is composed primarily of environmental materials in their frozen form. The term generally refers to the portions of the Earth where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, seasonally frozen ground and perennially frozen ground (permafrost). The Cryosphere may be divided into the cryoatmosphere, the cryohydrosphere (snow cover, glaciers, and river, lake and sea Ice) and the cryolithosphere (perennially and seasonally cryotic ground, rock glacier). Some definitions consider the cryosphere to include any area of Earth which is sufficiently cold for pure water to freeze for at least a part of each year. It should be noted that "Some authorities exclude the earth's atmosphere from the Earth's Cryosphere; others restrict the term Cryosphere to the regions of the earth's crust where Permafrost exists." Definitions of Cryosphere come from several glossaries including: - PhysicalGeography.net http://physicalgeography.net/ - van Everdingen, Robert, ed., 2005 (1998 revised May 2005). Multi-language glossary of permafrost and related ground-ice terms. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology. [https://globalcryospherewatch.org/reference/glossary_docs/Glossary_of_Permafrost_and_Ground-Ice_IPA_2005.pdf] - American Meteorological Society, 2015. Glossary of Meteorology [online], Available at: http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Main_Page. [Accessed 27/01/2017]. - EU Climate-ADAPT (The European Climate Adaptation Platform), no date, Glossary, Available from: http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/glossary - IPCC, 2014: Annex II: Glossary [Agard, J., Schipper, E. L. F., (ed.)]. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Birkmann, J., Campos, M., Dubeux, C., Nojiri, Y., Olsson, L., Osman-Elasha, B., Pelling, M., Prather, M. J., Rivera-Ferre M. G., Ruppel, O. C., Sallenger, A., Smith, K. R., St. Clair, A. L.,]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. [Link] - NSIDC, The National Snow and Ice Data Center glossary is available at https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. - Trombotto, D., P. Wainstein & L. Arenson, 2014, Guía Terminológica de la Geocriología Sudamericana” / “Terminological Guide of the South American Geocryology, 1a ed. 128 pp. [Link] - UNESCO-WMO, 2012, International Glossary of Hydrology, 3rd edition, WMO-No. 385. [Link] ENVO:03000144 A cryosphere which is part of a planet. Replacement for ENVO:01000818 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z planetary cryosphere ENVO:03000145 Land which is covered or partially covered by snow. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z area of snow cover land covered by snow snow covered land The threshold at which land is considered covered by snow varies. Please define such thresholds on the instance level, or request a subclass of this class if a threshold you know of is used by a large community of practice or in an official definition. This is one of three classes representing the idea of snow cover in the GCW glossary in addition to depth of snow and snow cover. In the GCW this refers to 1. The areal extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as percent of total area in a given region. snow-covered land Land which is covered or partially covered by snow. The threshold at which land is considered covered by snow varies. Please define such thresholds on the instance level, or request a subclass of this class if a threshold you know of is used by a large community of practice or in an official definition. This is one of three classes representing the idea of snow cover in the GCW glossary in addition to depth of snow and snow cover. In the GCW this refers to 1. The areal extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as percent of total area in a given region. ENVO:03000146 A material transport process during which liquid water is circulated in the vicinity of a heat source in order to absorb thermal energy and transport it away form that source. water cooling ENVO:03000147 The thickness of some snow. snow thickness thickness of snow Please also see "snow cover" in ENVO which maps to an alternative snow cover in SWEET. ENVO:03400001 An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to alpine conditions. area of alpine tundra An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to alpine conditions. ENVO:03400002 An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to polar conditions. area of polar tundra An area of tundra which is present in a region subject to polar conditions. ENVO:03400003 An area density which inheres in snow distributed over an area of a landmass or other substrate. The superclass "area density" is somewhat awkward and this positioning requires further discussion. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z 1. The areal extent of snow-covered ground, usually expressed as percent of total area in a given region. 2. In general, a layer of snow on the ground surface. Compare snowfield, snowpack. 3. The depth of snow on the ground, usually expressed in inches or centimeters. snow cover ENVO:03400004 Snowfall which has an increased rate. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z intense snowfall heavy snow intense snow This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". heavy snowfall Snowfall which has an increased rate. This generally means snowfall accumulating to 4 inches or more in depth in 12 hours or less; or snowfall accumulating to 6 inches or more in depth in 24 hours or less. In forecasts, snowfall amounts are expressed as a range of values, e.g., "8 to 12 inches." However, in heavy snow situations where there is considerable uncertainty concerning the range of values, more appropriate phrases are used, such as "...up to 12 inches..." or alternatively "...8 inches or more...". ENVO:03400005 An ice mass which is 1) transparent or translucent, 2) rounded, spherically, or cylindrically shaped, and 3) less than 5 milimetres in diameter. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z grain of ice ice grain sleet small hail They may be spherical, irregular, or (rarely) conical in shape. Ice pellets usually bounce when hitting hard ground and make a sound upon impact. They can fall as continuous precipitation or in showers. Now internationally recognized, ice pellets includes two basically different types of precipitation, known in the United States as 1) sleet or grains of ice, generally transparent, globular, solid grains of ice that have formed from the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing of largely melted snowflakes when falling through a below-freezing layer of air near the earth's surface; and 2) small hail, generally translucent particles, consisting of snow pellets encased in a thin layer of ice. The ice layer may form either by the accretion of droplets upon the snow pellet or by the melting and refreezing of the surface of the snow pellet. ice pellet An ice mass which is 1) transparent or translucent, 2) rounded, spherically, or cylindrically shaped, and 3) less than 5 milimetres in diameter. They may be spherical, irregular, or (rarely) conical in shape. Ice pellets usually bounce when hitting hard ground and make a sound upon impact. They can fall as continuous precipitation or in showers. Now internationally recognized, ice pellets includes two basically different types of precipitation, known in the United States as 1) sleet or grains of ice, generally transparent, globular, solid grains of ice that have formed from the freezing of raindrops or the refreezing of largely melted snowflakes when falling through a below-freezing layer of air near the earth's surface; and 2) small hail, generally translucent particles, consisting of snow pellets encased in a thin layer of ice. The ice layer may form either by the accretion of droplets upon the snow pellet or by the melting and refreezing of the surface of the snow pellet. ENVO:03400006 Snowfall which 1) is localized, 2) is convective, and 3) occurs as a result of a cold, dry air mass absorbing heat and moisture as it flows over a lake with warmer waters. The factors involved in this process are complex, and expert input is needed to refine this. Similar input is needed to create bay-effect and ocean-effect snow. @Brandon: add axioms to relate this concept to proximity to a `lake`; perhaps using colocation and spatial region? 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z lake effect snow lake-effect snow The formation of lake-effect snow depends on multiple factors, effecting the thresholds of temperature needed in the air and water masses. In the United States this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. lake-effect snowfall Snowfall which 1) is localized, 2) is convective, and 3) occurs as a result of a cold, dry air mass absorbing heat and moisture as it flows over a lake with warmer waters. The formation of lake-effect snow depends on multiple factors, effecting the thresholds of temperature needed in the air and water masses. In the United States this phenomenon is most noted along the south and east shores of the Great Lakes during arctic cold-air outbreaks. ENVO:03400007 A snowstorm during which intense lake-effect snowfall occurs. Add axioms to nest the lake-effect snowfall process in this one 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z lake effect snow storm Please see "lake-effect snowfall" for further definition. A lake effect snowstorm is a snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water. lake-effect snow storm A snowstorm during which intense lake-effect snowfall occurs. Please see "lake-effect snowfall" for further definition. A lake effect snowstorm is a snowstorm occurring near or downwind from the shore of a lake resulting from the warming (destabilization) and moistening of relatively cold air during passage over a warm body of water. ENVO:03400008 A snowfall which occurs during springtime and is of low intensity. Link this to spring once seasons are added to ENVO Strictly, there is no increased rate of snowfall here, but of lamb death. We're not likely to add "lamb-death storm" to ENVO. Maybe AGRO would. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z lamb storm lamb-blasts lamb-showers This term is primarily used in England and refers to snowfall in lambing season. It is referred to as a "storm" as it may adversly affect or kill newborn lambs. lambing storm A snowfall which occurs during springtime and is of low intensity. This term is primarily used in England and refers to snowfall in lambing season. It is referred to as a "storm" as it may adversly affect or kill newborn lambs. ENVO:03400009 An object aggregate which is primarily composed of particles of water in liquid, frozen, or partially frozen states. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z sleet WMO METEOTERM notes that other regions define this as a sudden brief rainfall with wind and hail but they don't state what those other regions are. WMO, METEOTERM is available at https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/meteoterm_wmo_en.html, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. falling sleet An object aggregate which is primarily composed of particles of water in liquid, frozen, or partially frozen states. WMO METEOTERM notes that other regions define this as a sudden brief rainfall with wind and hail but they don't state what those other regions are. WMO, METEOTERM is available at https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/lsp/meteoterm_wmo_en.html, Last accessed [26/01/2016]. ENVO:03400010 Water-based rain which is composed of supercooled water droplets, which freeze on contact with surfaces. Could make a freezing rain process class to mirror this in the process hierarchy as subclass to hydrological precipitation process. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z There are communities which consider rain with droplets above the liquid-solid phase transition point of water to be freezing rain should they freeze on contact with a supercooled surface. freezing rain Water-based rain which is composed of supercooled water droplets, which freeze on contact with surfaces. ENVO:03400011 Precipitation which is composed primarily of hail stones. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z Individual units of hail are called hailstones. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. Smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. hail Precipitation which is composed primarily of hail stones. Individual units of hail are called hailstones. Thunderstorms that are characterized by strong updrafts, large liquid water contents, large cloud-drop sizes, and great vertical height are favorable to hail formation. The destructive effects of hailstorms upon plant and animal life, buildings and property, and aircraft in flight render them a prime object of weather modification studies. In aviation weather observations, hail is encoded A. Smaller particles of similar origin, formerly called small hail, may be classed as either ice pellets or snow pellets. ENVO:03400012 An ice mass which 1) occurs in a ball-shape or irregular lump, 2) has a minimum diameter of 5 millimeters (or 0.2 inches), and 3) is formed within convective clouds. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z Nearly always formed within cumulonimbus clouds. Typically have a diameter ranging between 5 and 50 millimeters. hail stone ENVO:03400013 An object aggregate which is composed primarily of snow falling through an atmosphere. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snowfall falling snow ENVO:03400014 A hydrological precipitation process during which water falls in both liquid and frozen form. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z sleet sleet fall In nature, water-based precipitation will likely always have some liquid and solid/frozen components (especially in higher atmospheric layers) - sleet is generally composed of these phases in comparable proportions. Note that formation processes differ between sleet and other frozen precipitation. For example, hail, being larger in size than sleet or ice pellets, is formed by the accumulation of layers of freezing water in the clouds. Sleet, however, is formed due to temperature difference in the atmosphere precipitation of sleet A hydrological precipitation process during which water falls in both liquid and frozen form. In nature, water-based precipitation will likely always have some liquid and solid/frozen components (especially in higher atmospheric layers) - sleet is generally composed of these phases in comparable proportions. Note that formation processes differ between sleet and other frozen precipitation. For example, hail, being larger in size than sleet or ice pellets, is formed by the accumulation of layers of freezing water in the clouds. Sleet, however, is formed due to temperature difference in the atmosphere ENVO:03400015 An ice mass which is primarily composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z sleet The size of sleet pellets are considered to be, at most, the size of a pea, although thresholds vary across cultures. sleet pellet An ice mass which is primarily composed of frozen or mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen partially melted snowflakes. The size of sleet pellets are considered to be, at most, the size of a pea, although thresholds vary across cultures. ENVO:03400016 An environmental zone which is covered or partially covered by ice. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z area of ice cover An environmental zone which is covered or partially covered by ice. ENVO:03400017 The depth of some water ice. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z depth of water ice ENVO:03500001 A park which has been designed for the recreation of children. 2019-11-05T15:57:48Z playground ENVO:03500002 A park which is owned by a governmental or state entity and which is accessible by its citizenry (i.e. the public). 2019-11-05T15:59:13Z public park ENVO:03500003 A sports facility which has been constructed for sports that require large outdoor spaces and is owned by a governmental or state entity and which is accessible by its citizenry (i.e. the public). 2019-11-05T16:00:15Z public sports field ENVO:03500004 A constructed pavement which is intended for bicycle traffic 2019-11-05T16:01:24Z bike path ENVO:03500005 A material entity which has been discarded outside waste management systems by humans or their technologies. 2019-11-05T16:02:41Z basura antropogénica litter rifiuti antropogenici anthropogener Abfall menschengemachter Abfall Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. anthropogenic litter ENVO:03500006 An anthropogenic environment in which populations of humans have limited acess to affordable and nutritious food. 2019-11-05T16:05:00Z food desert ENVO:03500007 An environment in which entities are exposed to either excessive or constant sound. 2019-11-05T16:06:17Z noisy environment ENVO:03500008 An environment in which humans have a low likelihood of being harmed or killed. 2019-11-05T16:07:27Z safe environment for human presence ENVO:03500009 An environment which includes components which are deemed to be aesthetically pleasing by a population of humans. 2019-11-05T16:08:54Z attractive environment ENVO:03500010 An environmental system which is shielded from direct stellar irradiation by material entities. Requested a "shaded" quality in PATO: https://github.com/pato-ontology/pato/issues/285 2019-11-05T16:09:54Z shaded environment Typically, the material entities which intercept the star's radiation are located far closer to the shaded environment than the star itself. For example, trees shading the understory or awnings shading restaurant seating. shady environment ENVO:03500011 An environment in which humans are exposed to regularly occurring physical or emotional violence. 2019-11-05T16:12:39Z violent environment ENVO:03500012 An acoustic radiation process during which waves that transmit sound energy at frequencies above 20 kHz are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1744 ultrasound radiation ENVO:03500013 An infrared radiation during which waves with frequencies between 30 THz and 120 THz and with wavelengths between 10 micrometers and 2.5 micrometers are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1739 mid-infrared radiation ENVO:03500014 An infrared radiation during which waves with frequencies between 120 THz and 400 THz and with wavelengths between 2.5 micrometers and 750 nanometers are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1740 near-infrared radiation ENVO:03500015 An infrared radiation which consists of waves with frequencies between 300 GHz and 30 THz and with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 micrometers are emitted by a source. http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/npo#NPO_1738 far-infrared radiation ENVO:03500016 A fume containing volatile organic compounds produced through the process of electroplating 2024-01-19T18:28:58Z electroplating fume ENVO:03500017 A fume containing solid particles of solder, produced through the process of melting solder to join multiple metals together. 2024-01-19T18:31:53Z soldering fumes ENVO:03500018 A metallic material which is composed of two or more metals and used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. 2024-01-19T18:33:47Z solder A metallic material which is composed of two or more metals and used to create a permanent bond between metal workpieces. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866612 ENVO:03500019 A solder which includes lead. 2024-01-19T18:34:02Z lead solder ENVO:03500020 A solder which is composed without lead. 2024-01-19T18:34:10Z non-lead solder ENVO:03500021 A fume produced by liquid gasoline, containing aerosolized components of the gasoline. 2024-01-19T18:39:48Z gasoline vapor ENVO:03500022 An energy transfer process that moves vibrations through a medium, such as air or water, that is received and perceived by an organism and considered unpleasant, loud, or disruptive. 2024-01-19T18:52:13Z noise An energy transfer process that moves vibrations through a medium, such as air or water, that is received and perceived by an organism and considered unpleasant, loud, or disruptive. https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179448 ENVO:03500023 A noise produced by road traffic and automobiles. 2024-01-19T18:54:48Z road traffic noise ENVO:03500024 A noise produced by aircrafts. 2024-01-19T18:55:41Z aircraft noise ENVO:03500025 A smoke which is inhaled involuntarily from a tobacco product smoked by another individual. 2024-01-19T18:57:57Z secondhand smoke ENVO:03500028 A hand tool that uses air-power to drill holes or destroy hard surfaces like rock, concrete, or asphalt 2024-01-19T19:25:02Z pneumatic drill ENVO:03501100 A merchant vessel which is used to carry passengers, vehicles, or cargo across a body of water. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ferry A merchant vessel which is used to carry passengers, vehicles, or cargo across a body of water. ENVO:03501101 An environmental system which is not sheltered. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z outdoor environment ENVO:03501102 An industrial building made from steel and covered in polyethylene used for plant cultivation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z grow tunnel high tunnel hoop greenhouse hoophouse polyhouse These tunnels are usually semi-circular, square or elongated in shape. These are not subclasses of ENVO:tunnel as they are not built underground or underwater. polytunnel ENVO:03501103 A motor vehicle which is equipped with medical equipment and can be used to transport humans to treatment facilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ambulance A motor vehicle which is equipped with medical equipment and can be used to transport humans to treatment facilities. ENVO:03501104 A boat which provides short-term residential and entertainment facilities to passengers. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cruise ship recreational cruise ship A boat which provides short-term residential and entertainment facilities to passengers. ENVO:03501105 A transport boat which can be hired. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z merchant ship merchantman trading vessel merchant vessel A transport boat which can be hired. ENVO:03501107 A vehicle which locomotes using rails and consists of a series of connected compartments used to transport passengers or cargo. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z train A vehicle which locomotes using rails and consists of a series of connected compartments used to transport passengers or cargo. ENVO:03501108 A train which is capable of and used for passenger transport. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z passenger train A train which is capable of and used for passenger transport. ENVO:03501109 A passenger train which runs along an undergroud rail system. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z subway tube train underground train London Underground SkyTrain Tube U-Bahn Underground metropolitana subway train ENVO:03501110 A system which has components that have been constructed to allow the movement of people or goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z constructed transport system ENVO:03501111 A constructed transport system which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public transport public transportation public transit system ENVO:03501112 A bus which is part of public infrastructure. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public autobus public motorbus public multibus public omnibus public bus ENVO:03501113 A ferry which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public ferry A ferry which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. ENVO:03501114 A train which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public train A train which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. ENVO:03501115 A subway train which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public subway train ENVO:03501116 A public transit system which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z MRT mass rapid transit metro heavy rail light rail medium-capacity rail rapid transit system A public transit system which is owned by a government or other form of public representation. ENVO:03501117 A place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or/and between transport modes. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z transport interchange transport hub A place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or/and between transport modes. ENVO:03501118 A transport hub which is part of public infrastructure. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public transport interchange public transport hub A transport hub which is part of public infrastructure. ENVO:03501119 A research station in which food production and/or agribusinness research is performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z AES ARS agricultural research station research farm agricultural experimental station A research station in which food production and/or agribusinness research is performed. ENVO:03501120 A farm which produces milk or products derived from milk. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dairy farm A farm which produces milk or products derived from milk. ENVO:03501121 A building part which is a narrow hall or passage in a building with rooms leading off it. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hall passage hallway building corridor A building part which is a narrow hall or passage in a building with rooms leading off it. ENVO:03501122 A human construction with extended facilities from which aircraft flight operations take place. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z aerodrome airdrome The "airport" term is usually associated with commercial air transport, while "militairy airport" and "airbase" cover militairy air force facilities. airport A human construction with extended facilities from which aircraft flight operations take place. ENVO:03501123 An industrial building in an airport where passengers transfer between facilities and vehicles. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z airport terminal An industrial building in an airport where passengers transfer between facilities and vehicles. ENVO:03501124 An industrial building which provides travelers with access to airplanes. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z airport concourse An industrial building which provides travelers with access to airplanes. ENVO:03501125 A room in an airport where en-route passengers can wait between flights.. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z transit lounge airport transit room airport transit lounge A room in an airport where en-route passengers can wait between flights.. ENVO:03501126 A building which is primarily used for Christian religious activities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z church church house church building A building which is primarily used for Christian religious activities. ENVO:03501127 A building which accomodates conferences. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z conference center conference centre conference venue A building which accomodates conferences. ENVO:03501128 A room which accommodates conferences. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z conference hall meeting room conference room A room which accommodates conferences. ENVO:03501129 A facility in which people are educated. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z educational facility ENVO:03501130 An institutional building in which students are educated. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z school school building An institutional building in which students are educated. ENVO:03501131 An institutional building in which university services are performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z campus building university college building university building ENVO:03501132 An institutional building in which firefighting apparati are stored, and which may include staff living spaces. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z engine house fire hall fire house firemen's hall fire station An institutional building in which firefighting apparati are stored, and which may include staff living spaces. ENVO:03501133 An institutional building which temporarily houses homeless people. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z homeless shelter An institutional building which temporarily houses homeless people. ENVO:03501134 A human construction in which healthcare is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z health facility medical facility healthcare facility A human construction in which healthcare is provided. ENVO:03501135 A healthcare facility which is used for short-term patient care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ACC ACF acute care center acute care facility A healthcare facility which is used for short-term patient care. ENVO:03501136 A healthcare facility in which patients are medically assessed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z CAC clinical assessment centre clinical patient assessment center clinical patient assessment centre clinical patient assessment facility ENVO:03501137 A healthcare facility which 1) is located in part of a hospital and 2) is used by an organizational unit within a hospital. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hospital ward hospital unit facility ENVO:03501138 A hospital unit facility which is used for anaesthetic service provision. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z anaesthesia unit anaesthesia ward anaesthetics unit facility ENVO:03501139 A hospital unit facility which is used for breast cancer screening. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z breast assessment unit breast screening ward mammography unit breast screening unit facility ENVO:03501140 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nondemoninational religious services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chaplain unit chaplain's unit chaplaincy unit facility ENVO:03501141 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide cardiac patient care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z CCU CCW CICU cardiac care unit cardiac care ward coronary care ward cardiac intensive card ward cardiac intensive care unit coronary care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide cardiac patient care. ENVO:03501142 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide diagnostic imaging services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z diagnostic imaging ward medical imaging unit medical imaging ward diagnostic imaging unit facility ENVO:03501143 A hospital unit facility which houses patients ready to leave the hospital facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z discharge lounge discharge ward discharge unit facility A hospital unit facility which houses patients ready to leave the hospital facility. ENVO:03501144 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide emergency medicine services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A&E ED ER EW accident & emergency department casualty department emergency department emergency room emergency ward emergency unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide emergency medicine services. ENVO:03501145 A room in which emergency medical care is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A&E room ER room EW room accident & emergency department room casualty department room emergency department room emergency room room emergency ward room emergency unit room A room in which emergency medical care is provided. ENVO:03501146 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide gastroenterology medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z gastroenterology unit facility ENVO:03501147 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide surgical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z general surgery ward general surgical unit general surgical ward surgery unit surgery ward surgical unit surgical ward general surgery unit facility ENVO:03501148 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide geriatric medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z elderly unit geriatric care ward geriatric unit geriatric ward geriatric care unit facility ENVO:03501149 An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide care of critically ill elderly patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z GICU geriatric intensive care ward geriatric intensive care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide care of critically ill elderly patients. ENVO:03501150 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide gynaecologic medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z gynaecology ward gynaecology unit facility ENVO:03501151 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide haematological medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z haematology ward hematology unit hematology ward haematology unit facility ENVO:03501152 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive medical care. Subclasses of this term are valid subclasses of their non-intensive care unit equivalents, e.g. psychiatric care unit. Equivalence axioms may resove this. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ICU ICW ITU critical care unit critical care ward intensive care ward intensive therapy unit intensive treatment unit intensive treatment ward intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive medical care. ENVO:03501153 An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide surgical services for critically ill patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z SCCU SICU surgery critical care unit surgery critical care ward surgical critical care unit surgical critical care ward surgical intensive care ward surgical intensive care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide surgical services for critically ill patients. ENVO:03501154 An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide medical care for trauma patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z TICU trauma intensive care unit traumatic critical care unit traumatic intensive care unit facility An intensive care unit facility which is used to provide medical care for trauma patients. ENVO:03501155 A room in which intensive medical care is provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z CCU room CCW room ICU room ICW room ITU room critical care unit room critical care ward room intensive care ward room intensive therapy unit room intensive treatment unit room intensive treatment ward room intensive care unit room A room in which intensive medical care is provided. ENVO:03501156 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide materinity care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z materinity care unit maternity ward obstetrics unit obstetrics ward maternity unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide materinity care. ENVO:03501157 An ambulance which is equiped to enable intensive care service provision. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z MICU mobile ICU mobile intensive care unit mobile intensive unit mobile intensive care ambulance An ambulance which is equiped to enable intensive care service provision. ENVO:03501158 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide medical microbiology services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z clinical microbiology unit clinical microbiology ward microbiology ward micobiology unit facility ENVO:03501159 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide neonatal medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z NU neonatal ward neonatal unit facility ENVO:03501160 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive neonatal medical care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z neonatal intensive care ward neonatal intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive neonatal medical care. ENVO:03501161 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nephrological medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z general nephrology unit general renal unit general renal ward generalnephrology ward nephrology ward renal unit renal ward nephrology unit facility ENVO:03501162 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide neurological medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z general neurology unit general neurology ward neurology ward neurology unit facility ENVO:03501163 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide nutrition and dietetics services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z NDU nutrition and dietetics ward nutrition and dietetics unit facility ENVO:03501164 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide occupational therapy. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z OT unit OT ward occupational therapy ward occupational therapy unit facility ENVO:03501165 A hospital unit facility which provides treatment for cancer. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cancer unit cancer ward oncology ward oncology unit facility ENVO:03501166 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide ophthalmological services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ophthalmology ward ophthalmology unit facility ENVO:03501167 A hospital unit facility in which orthopaedic medicine is performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z orthopaedics ward orthopedics unit orthopedics ward orthopaedics unit facility ENVO:03501168 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pain management. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pain management unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pain management. ENVO:03501169 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z children's unit children's ward pediatric ward pediatric unit facility ENVO:03501170 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric intensive care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pediatric intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pediatric intensive care. ENVO:03501171 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pharmacy services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pharmacy ward pharmacy unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide pharmacy services. ENVO:03501172 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide physiotherapy. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z physiotherapy ward physiotherapy unit facility ENVO:03501173 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z PACU PAR post-anesthesia care ward post-anesthesia recovery post-anesthesia unit post-anesthesia ward post-anesthesia care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide care for patients recovering from anesthesia. ENVO:03501174 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide high dependency care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z HDU high dependency ward progressive care unit progressive care ward progressive intensive recovery unit step-down unit step-down ward high dependency unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide high dependency care. ENVO:03501175 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide psychiatric medicine. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z psych unit psych ward psychiatric ward psychiatric unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide psychiatric medicine. ENVO:03501176 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive psychiatric care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z PICU PsICU psychiatric intensive care ward psychiatric intensive care unit facility A hospital unit facility which is used to provide intensive psychiatric care. ENVO:03501177 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide radiation therapy. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z radiation therapy unit radiation therapy ward radiotherapy ward radiotherapy unit facility ENVO:03501178 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide rheumatic medical services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z rheumatology ward rheumatology unit facility ENVO:03501179 A hospital unit facility which is used to provide urological medicine services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z urology ward urology unit facility ENVO:03501180 A room which is used for patient care during a patient's visit or stay in a healthcare facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z patient-care room examination room patient bed room patient room A room which is used for patient care during a patient's visit or stay in a healthcare facility. ENVO:03501181 A hospital which is used to provide tertiary care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tertiary care center tertiary center tertiary hospital tertiary referral center tertiary referral hospital A hospital which is used to provide tertiary care. ENVO:03501182 A facility which is used to provide treatment, remedial work, and/or instruction. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This sense of clinic does not necessarily involve medical services. For medical services see "medical clinic". clinic A facility which is used to provide treatment, remedial work, and/or instruction. ENVO:03501183 A clinic which is used to provide outpatient health care services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ambulatory care clinic outpatient clinic medical clinic A clinic which is used to provide outpatient health care services. ENVO:03501184 A medical clinic which is used to provide chiropractic services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chiropractic office chiropractor clinic chiropractor office chiropractic clinic ENVO:03501185 A medical clinic which is used to provide medical services focused on maintaining and improving the oral health of clients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dental office dentist clinic dentist office dental clinic ENVO:03501186 A medical clinic which is used to provide family medicine services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z GP clinic GP office family care clinic family doctor clinic family doctor office family medicine clinic family medicine office general medicine clinic general practice clinic general practice office family practice clinic ENVO:03501187 A medical clinic which is used to provide massage therapy services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z massage therapist clinic massage therapist office massage therapy office massage therapy clinic ENVO:03501188 A medical clinic which is used to provide ophthalmology services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ophthalmologist clinic ophthalmologist office ophthalmology office ophthalmology clinic ENVO:03501189 A medical clinic which is used to provide optometry services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z eye doctor office optometrist clinic optometrist office optometry clinic ENVO:03501190 A medical clinic which is used to provide pain management services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pain management clinic chronic pain clinic pain clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide pain management services. ENVO:03501191 A medical clinic which is used to provide physical therapy services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z physical therapy clinic physical therapy office physiotherapy office physiotherapy clinic ENVO:03501192 A medical clinic which is used to provide services to walk-in patients. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z walk-in centre walk-in clinic A medical clinic which is used to provide services to walk-in patients. ENVO:03501193 A healthcare facility which is used to prepare, dispense, or sell medical drugs. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z apothecary pharmacy A healthcare facility which is used to prepare, dispense, or sell medical drugs. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. (2011). Retrieved August 11 2020 from https://www.thefreedictionary.com/pharmacy ENVO:03501194 A residential building which is used to provides long-term care for residents. An equivalence axiom to show that this building is used for health care can be used to position this under health care facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z LTC center LTC centre LTC facility long-term care center long-term care centre long-term care facility A residential building which is used to provides long-term care for residents. ENVO:03501195 A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with disabilities or for adults who cannot or who choose not to live independently. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ALF assisted living residence assisted living facility A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with disabilities or for adults who cannot or who choose not to live independently. ENVO:03501196 A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with complex health needs, and which typically has at least one caregiver in attendance twenty four hours a day. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z residential care facility group home facility A long-term care facility which is used to provide care for people with complex health needs, and which typically has at least one caregiver in attendance twenty four hours a day. ENVO:03501197 A building which is used by an organization which serves a long-established role in human society. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This term needs further consideration and development as semantics of institution are ambiguous at scale - e.g. are hotels institutional buildings? institutional building A building which is used by an organization which serves a long-established role in human society. ENVO:03501198 A market which is used for the sale and purchase of perishable goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z wet market A market which is used for the sale and purchase of perishable goods. ENVO:03501199 A market which is used for the sale and purchase of durable goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dry market A market which is used for the sale and purchase of durable goods. ENVO:03501200 An institutional building which is used to provide policing services. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z station house police station An institutional building which is used to provide policing services. ENVO:03501201 A human construction which contains one or more polling stations 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z voting facility polling place A human construction which contains one or more polling stations ENVO:03501202 A human construction which is that part of a polling place where voters cast their ballot 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z polling station room polling station A human construction which is that part of a polling place where voters cast their ballot ENVO:03501203 A booth which enables a voter to vote confidentially. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z voting booth polling booth A booth which enables a voter to vote confidentially. ENVO:03501204 A human construction which is used to forcibly confine humans. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z correctional center correctional centre correctional facility detention center gaol jail lock-up penitentiary remand center remand centre prison A human construction which is used to forcibly confine humans. ENVO:03501205 A prison facility which is owned and operated by a private corporation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z for-profit correctional center for-profit correctional centre for-profit correctional facility for-profit detention center for-profit detention centre for-profit jail for-profit lock-up for-profit penitentiary for-profit prison for-profit remand center for-profit remand centre private correctional center private correctional centre private correctional facility private detention center private jail private lock-up private penitentiary private remand center private remand centre private prison A prison facility which is owned and operated by a private corporation. ENVO:03501206 A commercial building in which the majority of commerical activity occurs in shops occupying parts of the building. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z shopping centre shopping center A commercial building in which the majority of commerical activity occurs in shops occupying parts of the building. ENVO:03501207 A shopping center in which a large indoor pedestrian promenade provides access to stores and other facilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z mall shopping mall A shopping center in which a large indoor pedestrian promenade provides access to stores and other facilities. ENVO:03501208 A manufactured product consisting of a duct opening which allows air to circulate. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z vent air vent A manufactured product consisting of a duct opening which allows air to circulate. ENVO:03501209 A poll which is attached to the head, foot, or side of a bed frame. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z adult portable bed rail assist bar bed handle bed rail bed side rail grab bar half rail hospital bed rail safety rail side rail bedrail A poll which is attached to the head, foot, or side of a bed frame. ENVO:03501210 A manufactured product consisting of a panel on which control or monitoring instruments are set. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z console control board control unit display board display panel indicator panel instrument board instrument panel panel control panel A manufactured product consisting of a panel on which control or monitoring instruments are set. ENVO:03501211 A manufactured product consisting of a handle used to open or close a door. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z door knob door handle A manufactured product consisting of a handle used to open or close a door. ENVO:03501212 A pole which provides stability or support when grasped by the hand. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z rail, railing hand rail handrail A pole which provides stability or support when grasped by the hand. ENVO:03501213 A switch which turns a light on or off. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z switch, dimmer switch lightswitch light switch A switch which turns a light on or off. ENVO:03501214 A manufactured product which is a storage compartment with a lock. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z lockable cabinet lockable cupboard locking cabinet locking cupboard locker A manufactured product which is a storage compartment with a lock. ENVO:03501215 A switch which allows patients in health care settings to alert a nurse or other health care staff member. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z nurse call cord nurse call button A switch which allows patients in health care settings to alert a nurse or other health care staff member. ENVO:03501216 Steel which is composed primarily of a corrosion resistant alloy of iron and chromium. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z inox steel stainless stainless steel Steel which is composed primarily of a corrosion resistant alloy of iron and chromium. ENVO:03501217 A paper product which is thin translucent paper. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tissue Tissue paper is often used for wrapping or for protecting delicate articles. tissue paper A paper product which is thin translucent paper. ENVO:03501218 A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped, part of a toilet fixture, and capable of contain human waste until it is disposed of. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z lavatory bowl toilet bowl A plumbing fixture which is bowl-shaped, part of a toilet fixture, and capable of contain human waste until it is disposed of. ENVO:03501219 A manufactured product which is composed of one or more glass or other transparent or semi-transparent materials set inside a frame, and installed in wall, door, roof or vehicle surfaces to allow the passage of light, and sometimes air. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z casement casement window pane sash sash window windowpane window A manufactured product which is composed of one or more glass or other transparent or semi-transparent materials set inside a frame, and installed in wall, door, roof or vehicle surfaces to allow the passage of light, and sometimes air. ENVO:03501220 A manufactured product which is composed of a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier which is installed at the entrance to a building, room, vehicle, or in the framework of a cabinet. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z door A manufactured product which is composed of a hinged, sliding, or revolving barrier which is installed at the entrance to a building, room, vehicle, or in the framework of a cabinet. ENVO:03501221 A restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which has a short menu and limited seating space. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bistrot bistro A restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which has a short menu and limited seating space. ENVO:03501222 A type of restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which provides more service or food variety than a bistro. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z brasserie A type of restaurant which is of French cultural origin and which provides more service or food variety than a bistro. ENVO:03501224 A restaurant which provides customers with cooked meat freshly sliced to order. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z carvery A restaurant which provides customers with cooked meat freshly sliced to order. ENVO:03501225 A restaurant which primarily serves coffee. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z café coffee shop coffeehouse A restaurant which primarily serves coffee. ENVO:03501226 A restaurant which is small, inexpensive, and typically specializing in fried foods and/or home-cooked meals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z greasy spoon A restaurant which is small, inexpensive, and typically specializing in fried foods and/or home-cooked meals. ENVO:03501227 A restaurant which specializes in serving steaks and pork chops. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chophouse steak house steakhouse A restaurant which specializes in serving steaks and pork chops. ENVO:03501228 A restaurant which is of Italian cultural origin and which is generally less formal than an Italian ristorante, but more formal than an osteria. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z trattoria A restaurant which is of Italian cultural origin and which is generally less formal than an Italian ristorante, but more formal than an osteria. ENVO:03501230 A healthcare facility which is a temporary hospital or mobile medical unit that takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z field hospital A healthcare facility which is a temporary hospital or mobile medical unit that takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities. ENVO:03501231 A healthcare facility which provides palliative care for the terminally ill. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hospice A healthcare facility which provides palliative care for the terminally ill. ENVO:03501232 A commercial building which contains auditoria for viewing films. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cinema cinema hall picture house movie theater A commercial building which contains auditoria for viewing films. ENVO:03501233 An industrial building which is used to store goods. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z warehouse An industrial building which is used to store goods. ENVO:03501234 An office building which is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Rathaus (German) city hall civic centre guildhall town hall An office building which is the chief administrative building of a city, town, or other municipality. ENVO:03501235 A public building or site which provides facilities used by people to keep fit or relax. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z leisure centre A public building or site which provides facilities used by people to keep fit or relax. ENVO:03501236 An area of developed space which is reserved for office buildings. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z office park business park An area of developed space which is reserved for office buildings. ENVO:03501237 A terrestrial environmental zone where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z game park wildlife preserve game reserve A terrestrial environmental zone where wild animals live safely or are hunted in a controlled way for sport. ENVO:03501238 A hill which is small and usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z knoll Hillocks are similar in their distribution and size to small mesas or buttes. hillock A hill which is small and usually separated from a larger group of hills such as a range. ENVO:03501239 A shore along a river. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z riverfront A shore along a river. ENVO:03501240 An island which is small, principally composed of rock, and usually too small for human habitation. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z islet skerry An island which is small, principally composed of rock, and usually too small for human habitation. ENVO:03501241 A power plant which is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z wind park wind power plant wind power station wind farm A power plant which is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity. ENVO:03501242 An island that is not permanently populated by humans. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z uninhabited island atoll islet desert island An island that is not permanently populated by humans. ENVO:03501243 A store which is physically large and is part of a retail chain. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z megastore supercenter superstore big-box store A store which is physically large and is part of a retail chain. ENVO:03501244 A bridge which is a truss bridge, pre-fabricated, and portable. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Bailey bridge A bridge which is a truss bridge, pre-fabricated, and portable. ENVO:03501245 A bridge which is hinged and can be raised. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z draw-bridge drawbridge A bridge which is hinged and can be raised. ENVO:03501246 A bridge designed solely for pedestrians. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pedestrian bridge pedestrian overcrossing pedestrian overpass footbridge A bridge designed solely for pedestrians. ENVO:03501247 A bridge which arches in the center, and has a span which is higher than the ramps on either side, forming a hump-like arrangement. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z humpback bridge A bridge which arches in the center, and has a span which is higher than the ramps on either side, forming a hump-like arrangement. ENVO:03501248 A bridge which is used for transportaiton, and which crosses over another road or railway. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z flyover overbridge overpass A bridge which is used for transportaiton, and which crosses over another road or railway. ENVO:03501249 A bridge which has its deck hung on vertical suspenders via suspension cables. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z suspension bridge A bridge which has its deck hung on vertical suspenders via suspension cables. ENVO:03501250 A bridge which is movable and has a vertical locating pin as its primary structural support, and a support ring about which it can pivot horizontally. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z swing bridge A bridge which is movable and has a vertical locating pin as its primary structural support, and a support ring about which it can pivot horizontally. ENVO:03501251 A device that causes suction in order to remove debris from surfaces. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z vacuum hoover vacuum cleaner A device that causes suction in order to remove debris from surfaces. ENVO:03501252 Poultry manure made of chicken feces. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chicken manure Poultry manure made of chicken feces. ENVO:03501253 A soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z gypsum A soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate. ENVO:03501254 A container for storing water. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z water tank A container for storing water. ENVO:03501255 An anthropogenic geographic feature consisting of a receptacle intended to provide drinking water to animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z artificial watering point water trough An anthropogenic geographic feature consisting of a receptacle intended to provide drinking water to animals. ENVO:03501256 A paper product which is a thin sheet material made of processed cellulose fibres. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z paper paper sheet sheet of paper A paper product which is a thin sheet material made of processed cellulose fibres. ENVO:03501257 An agricultural building used for crop storage or animal husbandry. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z barn An agricultural building used for crop storage or animal husbandry. ENVO:03501258 An animal house where fowl are kept. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chicken coop hen house chicken house An animal house where fowl are kept. ENVO:03501259 Environmental material consisting of waste products that have been discarded at an unsuitable location. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z litter Environmental material consisting of waste products that have been discarded at an unsuitable location. ENVO:03501260 A manufactured product consisting of a table or desk used for sewing. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z work table sewing desk sewing table A manufactured product consisting of a table or desk used for sewing. ENVO:03501261 A manufactured product consisting of a disk-shaped material that rotates around an axle bearing placed through a hole in its center. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z wheel device wheel A manufactured product consisting of a disk-shaped material that rotates around an axle bearing placed through a hole in its center. ENVO:03501262 A manufactured product consisting of a shallow platform designed for the carrying of items. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tray A manufactured product consisting of a shallow platform designed for the carrying of items. ENVO:03501263 A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hand tool A manufactured product which has been designed to 1) allow a human to do work more efficiently and 2) be used in a hand-held fashion. ENVO:03501264 A tool with a flat, smooth rubber blade, used to remove or control the flow of liquid on a flat surface. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z squilgee squeegee A tool with a flat, smooth rubber blade, used to remove or control the flow of liquid on a flat surface. ENVO:03501265 An indoor toilet that is available for public use. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z public toilet An indoor toilet that is available for public use. ENVO:03501266 A device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pump A device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. ENVO:03501267 A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z vegetable scraper peeler A hand tool used to remove the outer layer of vegetables and fruit, consisting of a handle attached to a metal blade with a slot with a sharp edge. ENVO:03501268 A manufactured product which is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted and/or moved. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z skid pallet A manufactured product which is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted and/or moved. ENVO:03501269 A device used in packaging operations. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z packing machine packaging machine A device used in packaging operations. ENVO:03501270 A building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church, in which larger meetings are held. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chapterhouse chapter house A building or room that is part of a cathedral, monastery or collegiate church, in which larger meetings are held. ENVO:03501271 A building which is at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Great Mosque of Mecca. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Kaaba A building which is at the center of Islam's most important mosque, the Great Mosque of Mecca. ENVO:03501272 A building which is a place of worship for Muslims. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z masjid mosque A building which is a place of worship for Muslims. ENVO:03501273 A building that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z listed structure protected structure listed building A building that has been placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland. ENVO:03501274 A residential building containing bunks or beds which are often not separated by walls. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bunkhouse A residential building containing bunks or beds which are often not separated by walls. ENVO:03501275 A commercial building where merchants trade grains. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z grain exchange corn exchange A commercial building where merchants trade grains. ENVO:03501276 A commercial building designed for kilning (drying) hops. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hop kiln oast oast house A commercial building designed for kilning (drying) hops. ENVO:03501277 A building that formed a very large fruit tree green house, or conservatory, on the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th centuries. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z orangerie orangery A building that formed a very large fruit tree green house, or conservatory, on the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th centuries. ENVO:03501278 A building which historically has at least 10 floors. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z skyscraper A building which historically has at least 10 floors. ENVO:03501279 A residential building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tenement A residential building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access. ENVO:03501280 A public building constructed as a external, free-standing monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z mausoleum A public building constructed as a external, free-standing monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. ENVO:03501281 A sports facility where bowling is played. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bowling arena bowling center bowling lounge bowling alley A sports facility where bowling is played. ENVO:03501282 A transport feature consisting of a closed building structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hangar A transport feature consisting of a closed building structure to hold aircraft or spacecraft. ENVO:03501283 A device consisting of a continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z belt conveyor system conveyor belt conveyor conveyor belt A device consisting of a continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another. ENVO:03501284 A device designed to remove water or humidity. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z dryer A device designed to remove water or humidity. ENVO:03501285 A dryer that is used to remove moisture from textiles. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z tumble dryer clothes dryer A dryer that is used to remove moisture from textiles. ENVO:03501286 A cow shed for baby cows/bulls. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z calf house calf-rearing shed calfshed calf shed ENVO:03501287 An animal house used for housing livestock. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z livestock shelter livestock structure livestock house An animal house used for housing livestock. ENVO:03501288 A material entity which has been designed to promote the accomplishment of one or more defined tasks. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Facilities can be temporary or permanent constructions, ad hoc arrangements of material entities, or any other configuration of things that support the accomplishment of defined tasks or functions. facility A material entity which has been designed to promote the accomplishment of one or more defined tasks. ENVO:03501289 A hand tool for making rotational adjustments. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z spanner wrench A hand tool for making rotational adjustments. ENVO:03501290 A self-service shop offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household products, organized into sections. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z supermarket A self-service shop offering a wide variety of food, beverages and household products, organized into sections. ENVO:03501291 A part of an oven or a small stove used to broil food. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z grill broiler A part of an oven or a small stove used to broil food. ENVO:03501292 A portable, box-type industrial storage product used for the storage and handling or parts and materials, that may collapse to conserve space when not in use. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z storage bin storage box tote tote box tote bin A portable, box-type industrial storage product used for the storage and handling or parts and materials, that may collapse to conserve space when not in use. ENVO:03501293 A large bag with parallel handles that emerge from the sides of its pouch. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bag tote tote bag A large bag with parallel handles that emerge from the sides of its pouch. ENVO:03501294 A factory where raw or preprocessed materials are transformed into finished parts or products. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z preprocessing factory preprocessing plant ENVO:03501295 A factory where raw materials are treated or prepared for final processing. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z processing factory processing plant A factory where raw materials are treated or prepared for final processing. ENVO:03501296 A factory for processing, packaging, labelling, handling, and storing cheese. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cheese factory cheese plant cheese processing plant ENVO:03501297 A processing plant for slaughtering, processing, packaging, labelling, handling, and storing of food animal carcasses, parts of carcasses, and meat products. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z meat factory meat plant butchery freezing works meat packaging plant packinghouse slaughter plant slaughterhouse meat processing plant A processing plant for slaughtering, processing, packaging, labelling, handling, and storing of food animal carcasses, parts of carcasses, and meat products. ENVO:03501298 A bandage wrap used on the lower legs of a horse. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z stable bandage standing bandage standing wrap stable gauze stall gauze A stable bandage runs from just below the knee or hock, to the bottom of the fetlock joint, and protects the cannon bone, tendons of the lower leg, and fetlock joint. stable bandage A bandage wrap used on the lower legs of a horse. ENVO:03501299 A delicatessen which prepares and sells preserved meat products. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z charcuterie charcuterie shop ENVO:03501300 An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z animal manure compost farm slurry green manure liquid manure Most manure consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. manure An environmental material consisting of organic matter from plants and/or animals that is used in agriculture as fertilizer. ENVO:03501301 A building part consisting of a board covering the joint between the lowest part of an interior wall surface and the floor. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Its purpose is to cover the joint between the wall surface and the floor. baseboard A building part consisting of a board covering the joint between the lowest part of an interior wall surface and the floor. ENVO:03501302 Plant matter consisting of an impermeable buoyant material, the phellem layer of bark tissue. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cork Plant matter consisting of an impermeable buoyant material, the phellem layer of bark tissue. ENVO:03501303 Macromolecules that are obtained naturally from plants or animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z natural-based polymer Macromolecules that are obtained naturally from plants or animals. ENVO:03501304 A thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Plastic Wrap Cellophane is used for food packaging. cellophane A thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. ENVO:03501305 Synthetic plastic which is composed of a glossy, moistureproof membrane made of rubber hydrochloride. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z pliofilm Synthetic plastic which is composed of a glossy, moistureproof membrane made of rubber hydrochloride. ENVO:03501306 A polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z BoPET (Biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate) mylar A polyester film made from stretched polyethylene terephthalate (PET). ENVO:03501307 A solid environmental material that is hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral at a high temperature. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ceramic A solid environmental material that is hard, brittle, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant, made by shaping and then firing a nonmetallic mineral at a high temperature. ENVO:03501309 A human construction which is an enclosure or compartment designed for service provision. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z "an enclosure or compartment that allows privacy or seclusion, for example when voting, broadcasting or recording sound, or making a phone call." OED I like this one more - except it doesn't fit "ticket booth", "gas station booth" etc. booth ENVO:03501310 A device which can connect, disconnect, or divert current in an electrical circuit. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z switch A device which can connect, disconnect, or divert current in an electrical circuit. ENVO:03501311 An environmental system where environmental monitoring processes are in effect. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z environmental monitoring area ENVO:03501312 An environmental monitoring area which is under observation by humans belonging to organisations with a legislative mandate to monitor the area. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z environmental monitoring program area ENVO:03501313 An environmental monitoring program area within a food production facility. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z food production environmental monitoring zone An environmental monitoring program area within a food production facility. ENVO:03501314 An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are in contact with food during its processing in a food production facility 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 1 environmental monitoring zone 1 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'" food production environmental monitoring zone 1 An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are in contact with food during its processing in a food production facility ENVO:03501315 An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are not in contact with food during its processing, but which are in close proximity to those in food production environmental monitoring zone 1. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 2 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'". The threshold for "close proximity" can vary based on local or national legislation. 'adjacent to' axioms may also be used for neighbouring zones. food production environmental monitoring zone 2 An object aggregate which comprises objects whose surfaces are not in contact with food during its processing, but which are in close proximity to those in food production environmental monitoring zone 1. ENVO:03501316 An object aggregate which comprises a facility's set of more remote non-food-processing-contact surfaces that are in or near the processing areas (food productions environmental monitoring zones 1 and 2) and could lead to their contamination, especially through human movement. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 3 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'". The threshold for "close proximity" can vary based on local or national legislation. 'adjacent to' axioms may also be used for neighbouring zones. food production environmental monitoring zone 3 An object aggregate which comprises a facility's set of more remote non-food-processing-contact surfaces that are in or near the processing areas (food productions environmental monitoring zones 1 and 2) and could lead to their contamination, especially through human movement. ENVO:03501317 An object aggregate which comprises objects in proximity to food production environmental monitoring zone 3. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Zone 4 This can be axiomatised with "'has part' min 1 'food contact surface'" . This can also have the axiom "'part of' some 'food production environmental monitoring zone'". The threshold for "close proximity" can vary based on local or national legislation. 'adjacent to' axioms may also be used for neighbouring zones. food production environmental monitoring zone 4 An object aggregate which comprises objects in proximity to food production environmental monitoring zone 3. ENVO:03501318 An environmental system which is part of a food production facility and whose boundaries are defined by hygienic requirements. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hygienic zone This class is more a convenience grouping class, but can be axiomatised if a hygienic assessment process is completed. hygienic food production area An environmental system which is part of a food production facility and whose boundaries are defined by hygienic requirements. ENVO:03501319 A hygienic food production area which is not an immediate part of a food manufacturing process area. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z food prossessing non-production area A hygienic food production area which is not an immediate part of a food manufacturing process area. ENVO:03501320 A hygienic food production area containing products having a low risk of contamination. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This class includes manufacturing areas in which raw materials and/or finished products (within their primary packaging) and packaging/labeling materials are received, sampled, or stored prior to dispatch. food production low-risk contamination area A hygienic food production area containing products having a low risk of contamination. ENVO:03501321 A hygienic food production area in which general food processing occurs. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z This class includes areas in which raw materials are received, sorted, and sampled; areas within the plant where products susceptible to contamination and/or microbial growth are processed, treated, or handled; areas in which animal carcasses are cut into fresh meat products and areas in which vegetables and produce are packed. Food processing that prepares products for cooking by the consumer (e.g., raw meats, fish, and vegetables) or produces RTE products that are effectively preserved (e.g., canned or baked products) will require procesing in medium-risk hygiene areas. food production medium-risk contamination area A hygienic food production area in which general food processing occurs. ENVO:03501322 A hygienic food production area containing food products that are not subjected to subsequent microbial decontamination, and where there is a risk of pathogen or microbial spoilage growth. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z food production high-risk contamination area A hygienic food production area containing food products that are not subjected to subsequent microbial decontamination, and where there is a risk of pathogen or microbial spoilage growth. ENVO:03501323 An anthropogenic environment which provides long-term shelter for its inhabitants. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z residential environment ENVO:03501324 A stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z Natural rubber, India rubber, Gum elastic, Non-vulcanized rubber Latex is made by some plants, but synthetic latexes can be manufactured as well. latex A stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in an aqueous medium. ENVO:03501325 A boat which is used to transport cargo or carry passengers. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z transport boat ENVO:03501326 A container which is typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z bottle A container which is typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids. ENVO:03501327 A hand tool for domestic use, especially in the kitchen. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z utensil A hand tool for domestic use, especially in the kitchen. ENVO:03501328 An eating utensil with spikes used to put solid food into the mouth, or to hold food down while cutting. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z fork An eating utensil with spikes used to put solid food into the mouth, or to hold food down while cutting. ENVO:03501329 An eating utensil with a scooped end and a long handle. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z spoon An eating utensil with a scooped end and a long handle. ENVO:03501330 A utensil which is a hand-sized container with an open top. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A cup may be used to hold liquids for pouring or drinking, or to store solids for pouring. cup A utensil which is a hand-sized container with an open top. ENVO:03501331 An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by a healthcare facility in which health care services are provided by specialized staff and equipment. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z healthcare environment ENVO:03501332 An anthropogenic environment which is the product of a particular human occupational acitivity. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z work environment occupational environment ENVO:03501333 An anthropogenic environment which is designed for child care. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z childcare environment day care environment daycare environment child care environment ENVO:03501334 A facility in which child care services are provided to a human child by specialised staff and equipment. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z childcare facility day care facility daycare facility child care facility A facility in which child care services are provided to a human child by specialised staff and equipment. ENVO:03501335 A child care facility in which day care services are provided, by specialized staff and equipment, to a human child during the working day. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z daycare daycare facility day care facility ENVO:03501336 A human construction in which individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z place of worship A human construction in which individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study. ENVO:03501337 A building reserved in which religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice are performed. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z "The term typically used for such buildings belonging to all faiths where a more specific term such as church, mosque or synagogue is not generally used in English." [Wikipedia] temple A building reserved in which religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice are performed. ENVO:03501338 A child care facility in which child care services are provided to young children and babies. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z human nursery ENVO:03501339 An anthropogenic environment which is bounded by a human dwelling. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z household environment ENVO:03501340 A public building in which health, recreation or other public services to a local community are provided. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z community service centre ENVO:03501341 A healthcare facility which is used by a group of general practitioners and nurses to provide healthcare services to people in a certain area. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z health center healthcare center cottage hospital community health centre A healthcare facility which is used by a group of general practitioners and nurses to provide healthcare services to people in a certain area. ENVO:03501342 A room which contains 1) a number of beds for sleeping and 2) often some other furniture and/or residential utilities. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z A dormitory is often used to describe student and backpacker accommodation of this kind. dormitory A room which contains 1) a number of beds for sleeping and 2) often some other furniture and/or residential utilities. ENVO:03501343 A political entity which is defined by contract between the Canadian state ("the Crown") and a First Nations people. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z "[First Nations reserves] are not to be confused with land claims areas, which involve all of that First Nations' traditional lands: a much larger territory than any other reserve." [Wikipedia] first nations reserve A political entity which is defined by contract between the Canadian state ("the Crown") and a First Nations people. ENVO:03501344 A human dwelling which may be unsustainable over the long term for an inhabitant because of financial, livability, overcrowding or other factors. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z insecure housing A human dwelling which may be unsustainable over the long term for an inhabitant because of financial, livability, overcrowding or other factors. ENVO:03501345 A human dwelling which is provided to one or more persons on a short-term basis. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z temporary residence ENVO:03501346 An eating utensil which is a thin stick used in equal length pairs to manipulate food and bring it into a mouth. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z chopstick An eating utensil which is a thin stick used in equal length pairs to manipulate food and bring it into a mouth. ENVO:03501347 A building which 1) containing multiple dwellings of pre-furnished accomodation and 2) is rented on a short term and/or longer-term basis. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z hotel ENVO:03501348 A healthcare facility which is used to provide healthcare services to animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z veterinary facility ENVO:03501349 An aircraft which 1) has fixed wings and 2) is propelled by a thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z plane airplane An aircraft which 1) has fixed wings and 2) is propelled by a thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine. ENVO:03501350 A healthcare facility which is the office of a physician. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z doctor's office doctor's practice doctor's surgery physician office A healthcare facility which is the office of a physician. ENVO:03501351 A constructed transport system which is designed to transport people or objects over land, but not water or air. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z ground transport ENVO:03501352 An animal house which houses stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z animal shelter pound An animal rescue shelter typically houses mostly dogs and cats. animal rescue shelter An animal house which houses stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals. ENVO:03501353 A utensil used for consuming food. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z cutlery utensil eating utensil A utensil used for consuming food. ENVO:03501354 A manufactured product which is an alloy of iron and which typically contains a few tenths of a percent of carbon. 2021-03-15T04:00:01.750Z steel A manufactured product which is an alloy of iron and which typically contains a few tenths of a percent of carbon. ENVO:03501355 A prison facility which is owned by the state and operated by a private corporation. 2021-05-19T17:30:47Z public-private prison A prison facility which is owned by the state and operated by a private corporation. ENVO:03501356 A system which is composed of one or more machines that can continuously transport material from one location to at least one other location. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z conveyor conveyor equipment connveyor belt conveyor system A system which is composed of one or more machines that can continuously transport material from one location to at least one other location. ENVO:03501357 A manufactured product which is capable of some manufacturing process. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z manufacturing equipment A manufactured product which is capable of some manufacturing process. ENVO:03501358 A system which consists of manufacturing equipment that performs manufacturing processes in a linear fashion. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z production line processing line A system which consists of manufacturing equipment that performs manufacturing processes in a linear fashion. ENVO:03501359 A manufactured product which is a structural system on which equipment components are mounted. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z equipment frame A manufactured product which is a structural system on which equipment components are mounted. ENVO:03501360 A manufactured product which positions a piece of equipment above a surface. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z equipment leg A manufactured product which positions a piece of equipment above a surface. ENVO:03501362 A conveyor system which uses conveyer belt machines to transport material. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z belt conveyor system A conveyor system which uses conveyer belt machines to transport material. ENVO:03501363 A manufactured product which is 1) an endless belt of flexible material stretched between two drums; 2) conveys material between drum locations. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z conveyor belt conveyor belt component A manufactured product which is 1) an endless belt of flexible material stretched between two drums; 2) conveys material between drum locations. ENVO:03501364 A manufacturing equipment piece which is used to package material. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z packaging equipment A manufacturing equipment piece which is used to package material. ENVO:03501365 A conveyor system which is used to transport granular material vertically in open containers. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z bucket conveyor A conveyor system which is used to transport granular material vertically in open containers. ENVO:03501366 A conveyor system which consists of a helicoid flight mounted in a tube or shaft. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z screw conveyor A conveyor system which consists of a helicoid flight mounted in a tube or shaft. ENVO:03501367 A conveyor system which transports dry bulk particulate or granular material through a pipeline by a stream of gas. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z pneumatic conveyor A conveyor system which transports dry bulk particulate or granular material through a pipeline by a stream of gas. ENVO:03501368 A manufactured product which is a cylindrical (or approximately cylindrical) item used under a heavy object to facilitate moving it. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z Usually several conveyor rollers are organized in a linear fashion to convey an object between locations. conveyor roller A manufactured product which is a cylindrical (or approximately cylindrical) item used under a heavy object to facilitate moving it. ENVO:03501369 An interface layer which is formed where either two parts of a material entity or two separate material entities touch or are attached to one another along some length. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z seam surface An interface layer which is formed where either two parts of a material entity or two separate material entities touch or are attached to one another along some length. ENVO:03501370 A liquid water which has no current or flow and is susceptible to contamination by pathogens or pathogenic vectors. 2021-12-09T00:00:00Z wet stagnant water A liquid water which has no current or flow and is susceptible to contamination by pathogens or pathogenic vectors. ENVO:03510000 Dust which is 1) generated when wood is processed and 2) composed primarily of cellulose, polyoses, and lignin. 2020-08-03T17:28:49Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C44463 Wood dust is typically generated through processes where wood is chipped, sawed, turned, drilled or sanded. The chemical composition of wood dust depends on the species of tree. Wood dust is not typically produced for specific uses. However, it is used commercially for wood composts. The primary routes of potential human exposure to wood dust are inhalation and dermal contact. It is known to be a human carcinogen. wood dust ENVO:03510001 A hydraulic fluid which is 1) used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in vehicles to amplify braking force and 2) composed primarily of ethylene glycol, polyglycols, silicone fluids, and isobutyl alcohol. 2020-08-03T17:32:09Z brake fluid A hydraulic fluid which is 1) used in hydraulic brake and hydraulic clutch applications in vehicles to amplify braking force and 2) composed primarily of ethylene glycol, polyglycols, silicone fluids, and isobutyl alcohol. https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE14254 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_fluid ENVO:03510002 Fluid used for valve operation, brake band friction, and gear lubrication within an automatic vehicle transmission. 2020-08-03T17:34:16Z ATF automatic transmission fluid Fluid used for valve operation, brake band friction, and gear lubrication within an automatic vehicle transmission. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_transmission_fluid ENVO:03510003 An environmental system process during which populations have reduced access to food, causing increased hunger, malnutrition, and consequent mortality. 2021-09-22T14:34:25Z famine ENVO:03510004 A medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery. 2020-08-03T17:35:45Z http://purl.enanomapper.org/onto/ENM_8000199 Common hydraulic fluids are based on mineral oil or water. hydraulic fluid A medium by which power is transferred in hydraulic machinery. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_fluid ENVO:03510005 A lubricant for internal combustion engines which 1) reduces friction and wear 2) cleans the engine 3) neutralizes acids 4) improves sealing of piston rings, and 5) cools the engine. 2020-08-03T17:37:56Z engine lubricant engine oil motor oil A lubricant for internal combustion engines which 1) reduces friction and wear 2) cleans the engine 3) neutralizes acids 4) improves sealing of piston rings, and 5) cools the engine. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_oil ENVO:03510006 A liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel. 2020-08-03T17:39:59Z petroleum distillate fuel oil diesel fuel A liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/diesel-fuel/ ENVO:03510007 A clear petroleum-derived flammable liquid which is used as fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines. 2020-08-03T17:41:45Z gas petrol Gasoline consists mostly of organic compounds obtained by the fractional distillation of petroleum, enhanced with a variety of additives. gasoline A clear petroleum-derived flammable liquid which is used as fuel in most spark-ignited internal combustion engines. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline ENVO:03510008 A gas which results from the incomplete or complete combustion of diesel fuel. 2020-08-03T17:43:30Z 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C113679 diesel exhaust ENVO:03510009 A gas which results from the complete or incomplete combustion of gasoline fuel. 2020-08-03T17:44:42Z 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z gasoline exhaust A gas which results from the complete or incomplete combustion of gasoline fuel. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531367/ ENVO:03510010 A coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied 2020-08-03T17:46:13Z dye A coloured substance that chemically bonds to the substrate to which it is being applied https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye ENVO:03510011 Pigments carried by solvents or water which are applied to leather to be absorbed into the pores of the leather to deposit coloration. 2020-08-03T17:47:25Z leather dye Pigments carried by solvents or water which are applied to leather to be absorbed into the pores of the leather to deposit coloration. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leather_crafting ENVO:03510012 Dyes used for the coloration or brightening of paper. 2020-08-03T17:48:08Z paper dye Dyes used for the coloration or brightening of paper. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye ENVO:03510013 Dyes utilized for coloring textiles such as wool or cellulose fibers. 2020-08-03T17:48:53Z fabric dye Textile dyes may include acid dyes, substantive dyes, mordant dues, sulfur dyes, azoic dyes, and disperse dyes. textile dye Dyes utilized for coloring textiles such as wool or cellulose fibers. https://www.britannica.com/topic/textile/Dyeing-and-printing ENVO:03510014 A black or colored ink which is 1) used for writing, printing, and drawing and 2) made from fine soot (lampblack) and water. 2020-08-03T17:50:57Z Chinese ink Indian ink India ink A black or colored ink which is 1) used for writing, printing, and drawing and 2) made from fine soot (lampblack) and water. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_ink ENVO:03510015 A polysaccharide that functions as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener in mixtures. 2020-08-03T17:52:46Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00723355 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03413321 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C84244 xanthan gum ENVO:03510016 A naturally occurring plant-based gum, which functions as a viscous, odorless, tasteless, water-soluble mixture of polysaccharides that absorbs water to become a gel/paste. 2020-08-03T17:54:12Z http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DRON_00723978 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03413310 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C84223 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0014984 shiraz gum tragacanth gum Tragacanth has many uses, including as an emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer, and texturant additive for foods, pharmaceuticals, and art materials. tragacanth ENVO:03510017 Water based ink intended for use with fountain ink pens. 2020-08-03T17:56:50Z fountain pen ink Water based ink intended for use with fountain ink pens. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountain_pen_ink ENVO:03510018 A solid or highly viscous plant or synthetic based substance that is typically convertible into polymers. 2020-08-03T17:58:04Z resin A solid or highly viscous plant or synthetic based substance that is typically convertible into polymers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resin ENVO:03510019 A liquid, powder, spray, or granule used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. 2020-08-03T17:59:40Z cleaning product cleaning agent A liquid, powder, spray, or granule used to remove dirt, including dust, stains, bad smells, and clutter on surfaces. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_agent ENVO:03510020 A cleaning agent which 1) contains organic solvents and 2) dissolves oils and fats for the removal of grease. 2020-08-03T18:05:31Z solvent degreaser degreaser A cleaning agent which 1) contains organic solvents and 2) dissolves oils and fats for the removal of grease. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_agent#Degreasers ENVO:03510021 A clear transparent hard protective film or finish, primarily used for wood finishing applications. 2020-08-03T18:06:48Z Varnish is traditionally composed of a drying oil, a resin, and a thinner or solvent. varnish A clear transparent hard protective film or finish, primarily used for wood finishing applications. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish ENVO:03510022 A varnish containing a natural, plant- or insect-derived substance dissolved in a solvent, called spirit varnish or solvent varnish. 2020-08-03T18:07:58Z gum varnish resin varnish resin (gum) varnish A varnish containing a natural, plant- or insect-derived substance dissolved in a solvent, called spirit varnish or solvent varnish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varnish ENVO:03510023 A resin secreted by the female lac bug, which is dissolved in alcohol to be used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze, and wood finish. 2020-08-03T18:09:37Z shellack shellac A resin secreted by the female lac bug, which is dissolved in alcohol to be used as a brush-on colorant, food glaze, and wood finish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellac ENVO:03510024 A category of hard and potentially shiny (clear or colored) finishes which can be applied to materials including wood or metal. 2020-08-03T18:11:57Z lacquer A category of hard and potentially shiny (clear or colored) finishes which can be applied to materials including wood or metal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacquer ENVO:03510025 A solvent that can dissolve paint and reduce viscosity of paint or "thin" it. 2020-08-03T18:12:49Z Paint thinners can aid in removal of paint from brushes, rollers, or in spill cleanup. paint thinner A solvent that can dissolve paint and reduce viscosity of paint or "thin" it. https://www.truevaluepaint.com/paint/exterior/prep_cleanup_and_safety/use_paint_thinner_properly.aspx#:~:text=Paint%20thinners%20are%20solvents%20that,cleanup%20of%20spills%20or%20splatters ENVO:03510026 A liquid, gel, or paste that can be mixed into acrylic paint to alter paint consistency and properties. 2020-08-03T18:13:54Z acrylic paint thinner acrylic paint medium A liquid, gel, or paste that can be mixed into acrylic paint to alter paint consistency and properties. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_paint ENVO:03510027 A paint thinner specific for altering the viscosity of enamel paints. 2020-08-03T18:15:13Z enamel thinner ENVO:03510028 A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. 2020-08-03T18:15:45Z oil paint thinner A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint_thinner ENVO:03510029 A paint product which adheres to surfaces and forms a binding layer, preparing it to receive paint. 2020-08-03T18:17:39Z primer (paint) A paint product which adheres to surfaces and forms a binding layer, preparing it to receive paint. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_(paint) ENVO:03510030 A smooth, durable vitreous coating which is made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate. 2020-08-03T18:18:43Z porcelain enamel Enamel can be used on metal, glass, ceramics, stone, or any material able to withstand the fusing temperature. Enamel is made by 1) firing, melting the powder and 2) allowing allowing it to flow across a surface to then harden. vitreous enamel A smooth, durable vitreous coating which is made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitreous_enamel ENVO:03510031 A slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. 2020-08-03T18:21:06Z oil paint oil-based paint A slow-drying paint that consists of particles of pigment suspended in a drying oil, commonly linseed oil. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_paint ENVO:03510032 A water soluble, fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. 2020-08-03T18:22:26Z acrylic paint A water soluble, fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic_paint ENVO:03510033 A paint that exhibits luminescence, giving off visible light through fluorescence, phosphorescence, or radioluminescence. 2020-08-03T18:23:19Z luminous paint luminescent paint A paint that exhibits luminescence, giving off visible light through fluorescence, phosphorescence, or radioluminescence. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_paint ENVO:03510034 A fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, primarily used as a solvent. 2020-08-03T18:24:40Z oil of turpentine spirit of turpentine turps wood turpentine Turpentine is composed of terpenes. turpentine A fluid obtained by the distillation of resin harvested from living trees, primarily used as a solvent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turpentine ENVO:03510035 A flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. 2020-08-03T18:26:21Z Light and heavy varieties may consist of distinct quantities of carbon atoms per molecule. naphtha A flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture produced from natural gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the distillation of coal tar and peat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naphtha ENVO:03510036 Dust which is composed of minerals and trace elements, generated by finely crushed rock. 2020-08-03T18:27:44Z mineral fines rock flour soil remineralization rock powder Rock dust is widely used in mining to prevent coal dust explosions, or in agriculture for organic farming uses. rock dust Dust which is composed of minerals and trace elements, generated by finely crushed rock. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockdust ENVO:03510037 Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. 2020-08-03T18:32:42Z radioactive material Any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation as it decays. https://www.ehs.iastate.edu/research/radiation/radioactive-materials ENVO:03510038 An environmental material which is primarily composed of cyanoacrolate. 2020-08-03T18:34:01Z Cyanoacrylates have industrial, medical, and household uses. A strong fast-acting adhesive which is an ester of cyanoacrylic acid. volume of cyanoacrylate An environmental material which is primarily composed of cyanoacrolate. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanoacrylate ENVO:03510039 OBSOLETE A compound utilized for the production of plastics or polymers. 2020-08-03T18:35:21Z This term is ambigious, as it could refer to the compound the plastic is (supposed to be) made of, additives, contaminants, etc. Please instead directly refer to the compound of interest. obsolete plastic production compound true OBSOLETE A compound utilized for the production of plastics or polymers. https://plastics.americanchemistry.com/How-Plastics-Are-Made/ ENVO:03510040 A preparation with dye or pigment used to deposit coloration to a substrate. 2020-08-03T18:36:50Z stain A preparation with dye or pigment used to deposit coloration to a substrate. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stain ENVO:03510041 A stain which has colorants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent, used to add color to wood. 2020-08-03T18:37:42Z Wood stain is designed to add color to substrates, while still leaving some of the substrate visible. wood stain A stain which has colorants dissolved and/or suspended in a vehicle or solvent, used to add color to wood. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_stain ENVO:03510055 An environmental material which is composed of elastic polymers mixed in a solvent. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z cow gum Solvents typically used include acetone, hexane, heptane or toluene. rubber cement ENVO:03510056 An environmental material which is 1) composed primarily of methyl cellulose and water, and 2) formulated to fix wallpaper to walls. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z wallpaper adhesive wallpaper paste methyl cellulose paste ENVO:03510057 An environmental material which is 1) manufactured and 2) primarily composed of hydrogen peroxide and ammonia, and 3) when applied to hair, can alter the natural hair pigments for 6-8 weeks. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z hair color permanent hair dye ENVO:03510058 A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) composed of alcohol, titanium dioxide, and propylene glycol. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z pharmaceutical ink ENVO:03510060 A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) composed of copper phthalocyanine, iron oxides, water, and biopolymers. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z gel ink ENVO:03510061 A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured and 2) primarily composed of soybean oil, as well as pigment, resin, and wax. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z soy ink ENVO:03510062 A colorant fluid which is 1) manufactured, 2) primarily composed of water, as well as glycol, and dye, and 3) intended for use in inkjet printers. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z aqueous inkjet printer ink ENVO:03510064 An environmental material which is composed primarily of gases and particles produced by the combustion of petroleum fuels. 2021-02-12T15:10:14.018Z emissions from petroleum combustion ENVO:03510065 A liquid environmental material which 1) contains at least one substance which can act as a chemical colorant. 2021-04-15T15:10:14.018Z colorant fluid ENVO:03510066 A function which is realised by a chemical when applied to a material, such that it alters the material's colour. 2021-04-15T15:10:14.018Z chemical colorant ENVO:03510070 Waste which contains toxic components (e.g., heavy metals or radiation) which can cause harm to organisms and/or the environment. 2022-01-18T17:35:02Z toxic waste Waste which contains toxic components (e.g., heavy metals or radiation) which can cause harm to organisms and/or the environment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_waste ENVO:03520000 To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). The german wikipedia page notes layers that coincide with the extent of the low étage, however, I have not yet seen further mention of them elsewhere and am thus hesitant about adding them. low étage A part of the troposphere which extends from the Earth's surface to 2 km (0 - 6500 ft) height. low atmospheric level To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). The german wikipedia page notes layers that coincide with the extent of the low étage, however, I have not yet seen further mention of them elsewhere and am thus hesitant about adding them. A part of the troposphere which extends from the Earth's surface to 2 km (0 - 6500 ft) height. ENVO:03520001 To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). middle étage A part of the troposphere which extends from 2 km to 4 km (6 500 – 13 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 2 km to 7 km (6 500 – 23 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 2 km to 8 km (6 500 – 25 000 ft) height in the tropical region. middle atmospheric level A part of the troposphere which extends from 2 km to 4 km (6 500 – 13 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 2 km to 7 km (6 500 – 23 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 2 km to 8 km (6 500 – 25 000 ft) height in the tropical region. ENVO:03520002 To be revised when we have information about the real definition. The definitions given by WMO cloud atlas are entered as comment, as these are not the defining features of the levels but the result of whatever it is that defines the levels (I assume temperature, density, etc. but have not yet found clear information about this). high étage A part of the troposphere which extends from 3 km to 8 km (10 000 – 25 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 5 km to 13 km (16 500 – 45 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 6 km to 18 km (20 000 – 60 000 ft) height in the tropical region. high atmospheric level A part of the troposphere which extends from 3 km to 8 km (10 000 – 25 000 ft) height in the polar region, from 5 km to 13 km (16 500 – 45 000 ft) height in the temperate region, and from 6 km to 18 km (20 000 – 60 000 ft) height in the tropical region. ENVO:03520003 A part of a cloud. This definition is practical but may need refinement. cloud part ENVO:03520004 A cloud part which is closest to the surface of the astronomical body local to the cloud. cloud base ENVO:03520005 A cloud part which is furthest from the surface of the astronomical body local to the cloud. cloud top ENVO:03520006 A water droplet which exists at temperatures below 0°C (273.15K). supercooled water droplet A water droplet which exists at temperatures below 0°C (273.15K). ENVO:03520007 A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake snow crystal A water ice crystal which is constituted by water molecules aligned in a hexagonal array. snowflake Snow crystals and snowflakes are often noted as synonyms, however, the term "snowflake" is generally used more loosely. Some sites mention that snow crystals refer to individual crystals of ice, while the term "snowflake" can refer both to an individual crystal of ice and to a bundle of snow crystals. Please see here [https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/998#issuecomment-685649444] ENVO:03600000 A building part which is maintained such that the number of foreign particulates within it is controlled. 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z clean room The cleanliness level of a cleanroom is quantified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a predetermined molecule measure. Cleanrooms are designed to maintain extremely low levels of particulates, such as dust, airborne organisms, or vaporized particles. Cleanroons are used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical items, integrated circuits, CRT, LCD, OLED and microLED displays. cleanroom A building part which is maintained such that the number of foreign particulates within it is controlled. The cleanliness level of a cleanroom is quantified by the number of particles per cubic meter at a predetermined molecule measure. Cleanrooms are designed to maintain extremely low levels of particulates, such as dust, airborne organisms, or vaporized particles. Cleanroons are used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical items, integrated circuits, CRT, LCD, OLED and microLED displays. ENVO:03600001 Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. See https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1102 for a possible design pattern. Uses undesirability standard, compared to polluted river's ecological impact standard. What is the relation to ENVO:00002114 'chemically enriched sediment'? Does 'element' in the definition refer to something found in the periosic table (like selenium) or the member of some set, aka an entity? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z chemically contaminated sediment Sediment which contains some chemical contaminant. ENVO:03600002 Liquid water which is a participant in a water cooling process. 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z Cooling water is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. cooling water Liquid water which is a participant in a water cooling process. Cooling water is commonly used for cooling automobile internal combustion engines and power stations. ENVO:03600003 A pipeline network which is used to transport drinking water to consumers. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z drinking water pipeline drinking water pipeline network A pipeline network which is used to transport drinking water to consumers. ENVO:03600004 An industrial building in which water undergoes a purification process to make it fit for human consumption. CM: drinking water treatment plant should have an edge connecting to its function or a process MAM: Like some yet-to-be-created sibling of pollution control ENVO:02500042 ? Or sibling of environment control function OBI:0000401? Can't find suitable function currently in ENVO. Add term and add axioms later 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z drinking water treatment plant An industrial building in which water undergoes a purification process to make it fit for human consumption. ENVO:03600005 A manufactured product which is capable of connecting or disconnecting the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z electrical switch A manufactured product which is capable of connecting or disconnecting the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another. ENVO:03600006 A waste material which is primarily composed of uneaten food and removed from the food supply chain. does FoodOn want this? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z food loss The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and can occur during production, processing, distribution, retail and consumption. food waste A waste material which is primarily composed of uneaten food and removed from the food supply chain. The causes of food waste or loss are numerous and can occur during production, processing, distribution, retail and consumption. ENVO:03600007 A fluid environmental material which is contained in geologic formations naturally. assert contained in some child of astronmical body part? cavity? Parent class could use a better definition? 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z formation fluid A fluid environmental material which is contained in geologic formations naturally. ENVO:03600008 A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. An ICU could be a part-of a hospital, but it would not be a subclass of a hospital. That's even reflected in the textual definition. THEREFORE parent class changed to building part. Could be in a hospital and related to some particular hospital department provides. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z intensive care unit A building part which has been constructed to support the provision of intensive care medicine to patients with severe or life-threatening illnesses and injuries. ENVO:03600009 Liquid water which occurs naturally within the pores of rocks and sediments. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z interstitial water Liquid water which occurs naturally within the pores of rocks and sediments. ENVO:03600010 A bioreactor which has a membrane as a part 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z It is widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The membrane is usually used to perform microfiltration, ultrafiltration or osmosis, etc. membrane bioreactor A bioreactor which has a membrane as a part It is widely used for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. The membrane is usually used to perform microfiltration, ultrafiltration or osmosis, etc. ENVO:03600011 A soil horizon which is primarily composed of mineral material. ADDED 'composed primarily of' RO:0002473 mineral material 'ENVO:01000256' 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z Usually less than 20% organic carbon. The term mineral horizon refers to surface soil/topsoil and subsoil layer of the soil. When user does not/could not refer to the topsoil or subsoil specifically, the broader term, mineral horizon can be used. mineral horizon A soil horizon which is primarily composed of mineral material. ENVO:03600012 A pipeline network which is used to transport oil to consumers. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z oil pipeline oil pipeline network A pipeline network which is used to transport oil to consumers. ENVO:03600013 An environmental material which consists of either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone, containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum. TODO: create an astonomical body part 'bituminous sands" and assert composed primarily of realtionship. Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1154. TREATED THIS as a material entity. could add something like "oil sands deposit" as a geospatial location later. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z crude bitumen oil sands tar sands bituminous sand An environmental material which consists of either loose sands or partially consolidated sandstone, containing a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water, soaked with a dense and extremely viscous form of petroleum. ENVO:03600014 A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. Getting an example of use could be helpful. Are some environmental samples collected from the outside of a pipe or its fittings? Or taken from inside the pipe? Removing "transport" from the label may make the labels of sublasses more readable. However, "pipeline" alone could mean several unrelated things, like software pipelines. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-pipelines.php uses the term "pipeline network". ALSO could this be a transport feature? Xref https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/1111. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z Pipeline networks typically materials either from 1) a production area to a market area for consumption, 2) a production area to an area for waste disposal. pipeline network A human construction which is used to transport a material which is primarily composed of liquid or gas through a system of pipes. ENVO:03600015 A river which has elevated levels of contaminants. Uses 'adverse to ecosystem standard'. Compare to undesirability standard in 'contaminated sediment'. See also 'polluted lake'. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z The contaminants may cause adverse changes in the ecosystems associated with it. polluted river A river which has elevated levels of contaminants. ENVO:03600016 Rock which is derived from bedrock through chemical weathering add chemcical weathering term to improve axiomitization 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z saprolite Rock which is derived from bedrock through chemical weathering ENVO:03600017 An environmental material which is composed of insoluble solid particles suspended in a liquid. term requester also included <denser than water> and <usually suspended in water>, but they may only be found in wikipedia's definition 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z slurry An environmental material which is composed of insoluble solid particles suspended in a liquid. ENVO:03600018 A soil horizon which is composed primarily of organic matter. ADDED 'composed primarily of' RO:0002473 'soil organic matter' ENVO:04000008 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z soil organic layer organic surface layer The organic matter is this layer is genreally derived from biomatter. organic horizon A soil horizon which is composed primarily of organic matter. ENVO:03600019 Vinasse which is produced during the rectification and distillation of ethanol from sugar cane. Might be nice to add an edge like 'derives from' RO:0001000 sugarcane or 'sugar cane plant' FOODON:03411378? Note that importing FOODON terms can bring in unexpected dependencies. Try again later! 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z sugarcane vinasse Vinasse which is produced during the rectification and distillation of ethanol from sugar cane. ENVO:03600020 An earth-filled dam which is used for the storage of mining operations byproducts, after separating the ore from the gangue. dam is a functional label. we suggest distributing the terms in this definition. Might also want to define a new term gangue. 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings dam An earth-filled dam which is used for the storage of mining operations byproducts, after separating the ore from the gangue. ENVO:03600021 A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. not placing under 'pond' class becasue contents may not be primarily be composed of water. consider revising 'pond' semantics 2021-04-05T16:38:47.162Z tailings pond A human construction which is used as a storage area for mining tailings. ENVO:03600022 A manufactured product which is formed as a liquid byproduct generated during the rectification and distillation of ethanol. 2021-02-02T21:33:40.901Z Vinasse is produced by the sugar or ethanol industry and can be produced at volumes as high as 20-fold of ethanol. It is typically sulfur-rich, low pH, dark-colored and odorous. vinasse A manufactured product which is formed as a liquid byproduct generated during the rectification and distillation of ethanol. Vinasse is produced by the sugar or ethanol industry and can be produced at volumes as high as 20-fold of ethanol. It is typically sulfur-rich, low pH, dark-colored and odorous. ENVO:03600030 A soil layer which is parallel to the soil surface and which has roughly homogenous physical, chemical and biological properties relative to the soil layers above or beneath it. soil horizon A soil layer which is parallel to the soil surface and which has roughly homogenous physical, chemical and biological properties relative to the soil layers above or beneath it. ENVO:03600031 An embankment dam which is primarily composed of compacted earth. earthen dam terrain dam earth-filled dam An embankment dam which is primarily composed of compacted earth. ENVO:03600032 A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock. embankment dam A dam which is created by the placement and compaction of a complex semi-plastic mound of various compositions of soil, sand, clay, or rock. ENVO:03600033 A yard which consists of land immediately adjacent to the back of a residential building 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z back yard residential backyard A yard which consists of land immediately adjacent to the back of a residential building ENVO:03600034 An island which is small, low in elevation, sandy, and located on the surface of a coral reef. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z caye key cay An island which is small, low in elevation, sandy, and located on the surface of a coral reef. ENVO:03600035 A room which is maintained at lower than ambient temperatures. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z chiller room cool room refrigerating chamber Cold rooms are generally used as walk-in storage facilities or to perform tasks requiring cooler ambient temperatures. cold room A room which is maintained at lower than ambient temperatures. ENVO:03600036 Soil which has properties that restrict a pathogen's ability to establish itself, persist, or cause disease that results in long-term harm. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z disease-suppressive soil The pathogenicity that is suppressed is typically directed towards plants, especially crops. Soils are typically classified as pathogen-suppressive if a pathogen 1) cannot establish itself or persist, 2) is able to establish itself, but causes little or no damage, or 3) is able to establishe itself, but only causes disease that does not result in long-term harm. pathogen-suppressive soil Soil which has properties that restrict a pathogen's ability to establish itself, persist, or cause disease that results in long-term harm. ENVO:03600037 A pond which has nutrient-rich water. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z eutrophic pond A pond which has nutrient-rich water. ENVO:03600038 A forest ecosystem which is designated for research. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z experimental forest ecosystem A forest ecosystem which is designated for research. ENVO:03600039 A pit which has been constructed for use in fermentation processes that will yield alcoholic spirits. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z fermentation pit A pit which has been constructed for use in fermentation processes that will yield alcoholic spirits. ENVO:03600040 A manufactured product which assists starting a fermentation process which is intended to prepare foods and alcoholic drinks. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z Daqu fermentation starter A manufactured product which assists starting a fermentation process which is intended to prepare foods and alcoholic drinks. ENVO:03600041 A lake which is connected to a marine water body via tunnels or cracks in the soil. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z marine lake A lake which is connected to a marine water body via tunnels or cracks in the soil. ENVO:03600042 Liquid water which is either part of or was removed from a marine lake. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z marine lake water Liquid water which is either part of or was removed from a marine lake. ENVO:03600043 A pond which has layers of water that do not intermix. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z meromictic pond A pond which has layers of water that do not intermix. ENVO:03600044 A farm which is managed using practices certified to be organic by a competent authority. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z What qualifies as an organic farm varies significantly across nations and subnational entities. In general, however, organic farming involves the use of biological pest control, mixed cropping, natural fertilisers, and the fostering of insect predators. Further, organic certification often requires that synthetic pesticides and fertilisers are not used. organic farm A farm which is managed using practices certified to be organic by a competent authority. What qualifies as an organic farm varies significantly across nations and subnational entities. In general, however, organic farming involves the use of biological pest control, mixed cropping, natural fertilisers, and the fostering of insect predators. Further, organic certification often requires that synthetic pesticides and fertilisers are not used. ENVO:03600045 A manufactured product which is designed to function as a container for growing plants. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z plant pot A manufactured product which is designed to function as a container for growing plants. ENVO:03600046 A manufactured product which is produced by curing, subsequent aging, slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids in tobacco leaves. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z processed tobacco A manufactured product which is produced by curing, subsequent aging, slow oxidation and degradation of carotenoids in tobacco leaves. ENVO:03600047 A pond which humans have constructed for the cultivation of algae. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z algal pond raceway pond A pond which humans have constructed for the cultivation of algae. ENVO:03600048 A manufactured product which is composed of flexible material and is intended to be hung such that it impedes the spray of water between a shower fixture and the rest of a room. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z Shower curtains are typically made from plastic or another water resistant or waterproof material. shower curtain A manufactured product which is composed of flexible material and is intended to be hung such that it impedes the spray of water between a shower fixture and the rest of a room. ENVO:03600049 Processed tobacco which has been treated for use by placing it between the gum and cheek or lip, chewed, or sniffed, but not smoked. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z smokeless tobacco Processed tobacco which has been treated for use by placing it between the gum and cheek or lip, chewed, or sniffed, but not smoked. ENVO:03600050 A spacecraft which is capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z orbital space station orbital station space station A spacecraft which is capable of supporting a human crew in orbit for an extended period of time. ENVO:03600051 A vehicle which is used for carrying cargo or passengers on a rail transport system. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z train car A vehicle which is used for carrying cargo or passengers on a rail transport system. ENVO:03600052 A manufactured product which is controls the flow of water. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z water valve water tap A manufactured product which is controls the flow of water. ENVO:03600053 An anthropogenic geographic feature which consists of land immediately adjacent to a building or a group of buildings. 2021-06-24T03:53:29.138Z yard An anthropogenic geographic feature which consists of land immediately adjacent to a building or a group of buildings. ENVO:03600060 A manufactured product which is used to give input or control to an information processing system by touching a display screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Touching the screen with multiple fingers is considered a multi-touch gesture. touchscreen A manufactured product which is used to give input or control to an information processing system by touching a display screen with a special stylus or one or more fingers. ENVO:03600061 Anthropogenic litter which consists of an abandoned ship's remains. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z A shipwreck can be found beached on land or sunken to the bottom of a body of water. shipwreck Anthropogenic litter which consists of an abandoned ship's remains. ENVO:03600062 A human construction which supplies drinking water by squirting it into a basin or jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z fountain A human construction which supplies drinking water by squirting it into a basin or jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. ENVO:03600063 A water well in which a long, 100–200 millimetres-wide, stainless steel tube or pipe is bored into an underground aquifer to lift water using a pump. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z tube well A water well in which a long, 100–200 millimetres-wide, stainless steel tube or pipe is bored into an underground aquifer to lift water using a pump. ENVO:03600064 A sedimentary rock which is made of carbonate mud whose formation is mediated by microbes in the benthic zone. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z microbialite A sedimentary rock which is made of carbonate mud whose formation is mediated by microbes in the benthic zone. ENVO:03600065 Water which comes from a spring. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z spring water Water which comes from a spring. ENVO:03600066 A salt mass which consists of isometric crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl). 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z rock salt Typically colorless or white. Halite may also occur in various color including light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. halite A salt mass which consists of isometric crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl). Typically colorless or white. Halite may also occur in various color including light blue, dark blue, purple, pink, red, orange, yellow or gray depending on inclusion of other materials, impurities, and structural or isotopic abnormalities in the crystals. ENVO:03600067 An intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z ICN NICU intensive care nursery neonatal intensive care unit An intensive care unit (ICU) specializing in the care of ill or premature newborn infants. ENVO:03600068 A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z The ice itself can measure up to 3–4 meters in length at ground level can extend downwards into the ground up to several meters. ice wedge A geological fracture which is formed during winter months by a narrow or thin piece of ice. ENVO:03600069 An animal habitation which is built by alligators from plants and decomposing vegetation in order to protect their eggs from predators. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z alligator nest nest of alligator An animal habitation which is built by alligators from plants and decomposing vegetation in order to protect their eggs from predators. ENVO:03600070 An oceanic front in which mixing of river discharge and saline seawater occurs. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z river plume An oceanic front in which mixing of river discharge and saline seawater occurs. ENVO:03600071 A feature which arises from a rapid multiplication of cyanobacteria, causing marked visible discoloration of the water. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z cyanobacterial bloom A feature which arises from a rapid multiplication of cyanobacteria, causing marked visible discoloration of the water. ENVO:03600072 A planetary structural layer which consists of oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle and has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Opholites are often emplaced onto continental crustal rocks ophiolites A planetary structural layer which consists of oceanic crust and the underlying upper mantle and has been uplifted and exposed above sea level. ENVO:03600073 Land which has elevated levels of some contaminants or substances that are potentially hazardous to health or the environment. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z contaminated land Land which has elevated levels of some contaminants or substances that are potentially hazardous to health or the environment. ENVO:03600074 An agricultural aquatic ecosystem in which fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants and algae are cultivated. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z aquaculture aquafarming aquaculture farm An agricultural aquatic ecosystem in which fish, crustaceans, mollusks, aquatic plants and algae are cultivated. ENVO:03600075 An industrial building in which oil-bearing seeds or vegetable materials are crushed and pressed with a grinding mill in order to extract oils. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z oil mill An industrial building in which oil-bearing seeds or vegetable materials are crushed and pressed with a grinding mill in order to extract oils. ENVO:03600076 A human construction which confines wastewater in a depression enclosed by earthen structures. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z WSPs stabilization ponds waste stabilization lagoons Presumably the waste is detained prior to treatment. waste stabilization pond A human construction which confines wastewater in a depression enclosed by earthen structures. ENVO:03600077 A bioreactor which utilizes a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z photobioreactor A bioreactor which utilizes a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms. ENVO:03600078 An industrial building in which crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z The useful products include petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation columns. oil refinery An industrial building in which crude oil is transformed and refined into useful products. The useful products include petroleum naphtha, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt base, heating oil, kerosene, liquefied petroleum gas, jet fuel and fuel oils. Oil refineries are typically large, sprawling industrial complexes with extensive piping running throughout, carrying streams of fluids between large chemical processing units, such as distillation columns. ENVO:03600079 A manufactured product which is used for cutting crops, vegetables, wood, metal, paper documents, etc into small pieces. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z A shredder could more specifically be consered a machine. shredder A manufactured product which is used for cutting crops, vegetables, wood, metal, paper documents, etc into small pieces. ENVO:03600080 A human construction which is used for the purpose of industrial development. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Industrial parks are usually located on the edges of, or outside, the main residential area of a city and that can be thought of as a more "heavyweight" version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry. industrial park A human construction which is used for the purpose of industrial development. Industrial parks are usually located on the edges of, or outside, the main residential area of a city and that can be thought of as a more "heavyweight" version of a business park or office park, which has offices and light industry, rather than heavy industry. ENVO:03600081 Fresh water which is harvested from cloud. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z cloud water Fresh water which is harvested from cloud. ENVO:03600082 Fluid environmental material which is present in the continental crust and dictates the nature and extent of crustal deformation. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z The presence or absence of fluids exerts a fundamental control on rheology. crustal fluid Fluid environmental material which is present in the continental crust and dictates the nature and extent of crustal deformation. ENVO:03600083 A geological fracture, found near volacnoes in the final phase of thier activity, chiefly discharging carbon dioxide and possibly other vapors. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z mofetta A geological fracture, found near volacnoes in the final phase of thier activity, chiefly discharging carbon dioxide and possibly other vapors. ENVO:03600084 An organic material which is derived from lichen mats. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z lichen material An organic material which is derived from lichen mats. ENVO:03600085 A manufactured product which floats in water and can be used a navigational marker among other purposes. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Buoy can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents. buoy A manufactured product which floats in water and can be used a navigational marker among other purposes. Buoy can be anchored (stationary) or allowed to drift with ocean currents. ENVO:03600086 A manufactured product which is used to remove contaminants from water impeding the flow of particles or solutes. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z Fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process are applied in the water filter. Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes such as providing agricultural irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and swimming pools. water filter A manufactured product which is used to remove contaminants from water impeding the flow of particles or solutes. Fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process are applied in the water filter. Filters cleanse water to different extents for purposes such as providing agricultural irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and swimming pools. ENVO:03600087 A human construction which provides regulated climatic conditions for the growth of plants and whose walls and roof are made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass. 2021-07-03T00:22:16.764Z glasshouse hothouse greenhouse A human construction which provides regulated climatic conditions for the growth of plants and whose walls and roof are made chiefly of transparent material, such as glass. ENVO:03600090 A fermentation pit which is constructed to facilitate the fermentation of alcoholic substances. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller alcohol fermentation pit ENVO:03600091 A fermentation pit which is constructed from clay. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller clay fermentation pit ENVO:03600092 A pond which has been constructed by humans or their technologies. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller artificial pond ENVO:03600093 A human construction that has intentionally been placed into orbit. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-6066 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 2021-08-09T15:00:00.000Z Definition from 2021-08-05 call with Buttigieg, Duncan and Miller Not to be confused with a natural satellite like the earth's moon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_satellite) artificial satellite A human construction that has intentionally been placed into orbit. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite ENVO:03600094 A water body which is created in a stream by local scour or impoundment and has some structural control. 2023-08-25T12:17:42.901Z pool Pool water depth is above average for the stream. If if all the running water in the stream was shut off, areas in the stream that still hold water are pools. Pool water velocity is below average for the reach, causing fine sediments to deposit in pools. Pools are generally longer than they are wide (unless they are plunge pools), and are 1.5 x deeper at their maximum depth than they are at their crest stream pool A water body which is created in a stream by local scour or impoundment and has some structural control. ENVO:03600095 A hydroform which is that part of a stream where water flows swiftly and uniformly with low surface water agitation. 2023-08-25T12:17:42.901Z run stream run A hydroform which is that part of a stream where water flows swiftly and uniformly with low surface water agitation. ENVO:03600096 A stream pool which is formed as a result of high-gradient, steep streams where water cascades over a rock or woody snag. 2023-08-25T12:17:42.901Z Due to the gradient and surrounding geology, this pattern continues down the stream: step (drop), pool, step, pool, etc. step pool A stream pool which is formed as a result of high-gradient, steep streams where water cascades over a rock or woody snag. ENVO:03605000 Biofilm consisting of a mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, microbes, and detritus. Periphyton Periphytic biofilm coats the submerged surfaces in most bodies of water periphytic biofilm Biofilm consisting of a mixture of algae, cyanobacteria, microbes, and detritus. ENVO:03605001 Periphyton colonizing rock substrata epilithon Periphyton colonizing rock substrata ENVO:03605002 Periphyton colonizing silt substrata epipelon Periphyton colonizing silt substrata ENVO:03605003 Periphyton colonizing surface of aquatic plants epiphyton Periphyton colonizing surface of aquatic plants ENVO:03605004 Periphyton colonizing sand substrata epipsammon Periphyton colonizing sand substrata ENVO:03605005 Periphyton colonizing woody substrata epixylon Periphyton colonizing woody substrata ENVO:03605006 Water which is part of a stream. 2024-01-12T13:48:00Z stream water ENVO:03605007 A stream which is composed primarily of fresh water. 2024-01-10T19:48:00Z freshwater stream ENVO:03605008 A freshwater stream ecosystem which is in its climactic successional state. 2024-01-10T19:19:00Z freshwater stream biome ENVO:03605009 An ecosystem which has its functions and composition determined by a freshwater stream. 2024-01-10T19:18:00Z freshwater stream ecosystem ENVO:03620000 An ecosystem which is surrounded by natural, macro- to megascale geographic barriers to species migration, and thus which comprises ecological communities with evolutionary histories largely delimited by those barriers. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeographic_realm 2024-12-10T20:32:18Z biogeographic realm ENVO:04000000 Adfreezing is a freezing process during which two objects adhere to each other via ice. 2019-03-04T18:47:34Z adfreezing Adfreezing is a freezing process during which two objects adhere to each other via ice. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adfreezing ENVO:04000001 Frost heaving is a process during which an upwards swelling of soil occurs due to freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface. 2019-03-04T20:17:35Z frost heaving process Frost heaving is a process during which an upwards swelling of soil occurs due to freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frost_heaving ENVO:04000002 A water temperature which inheres in water close to the surface of an ocean or sea. 2019-03-06T00:50:17Z ocean surface temperature sea surface temperature temperature of the ocean surface The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between 1 millimetre (0.04 in) and 20 metres (70 ft) below the sea surface. temperature of sea surface A water temperature which inheres in water close to the surface of an ocean or sea. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_surface_temperature ENVO:04000003 The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in soil. 2019-03-14T21:13:30Z concentration of carbon dioxide in soil ENVO:04000004 The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in air. 2019-03-14T21:24:04Z concentration of carbon dioxide in air ENVO:04000005 The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in freshwater. 2019-03-14T21:29:50Z concentration of carbon dioxide in freshwater ENVO:04000006 The concentration of carbon dioxide when measured in seawater. 2019-03-14T21:35:30Z concentration of carbon dioxide in seawater ENVO:04000007 Water which is part of a lake. 2019-03-20T20:15:54Z lake water ENVO:04000008 Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. 2019-04-05T00:53:06Z soil organic matter Organic material in soil, which consists of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter ENVO:04000009 A layer which is composed of ground that is 1) subject to annual thawing and freezing and 2) present in areas underlain by permafrost. Potential synonyms are seasonal frost, frost zone, and mollisol. See issue #741 in GitHub for additional details. These synonyms should be validated in a cryohackathon. 2019-04-08T05:22:28Z active layer of permafrost active permafrost layer A layer which is composed of ground that is 1) subject to annual thawing and freezing and 2) present in areas underlain by permafrost. https://nsidc.org/cryosphere/glossary/term/active-layer ENVO:04000010 A surface layer which is composed primarily of soil. 2019-04-12T17:35:13Z soil surface layer ENVO:04000011 A soil surface which is exposed to the troposphere, with no appreciable cover from vegetation or other material. 2019-04-12T17:57:08Z bare soil surface layer A soil surface which is exposed to the troposphere, with no appreciable cover from vegetation or other material. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/tx/home/?cid=stelprdb1254158 ENVO:04000012 Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of organic material. Do not oversimplify the particulate environmental material subclasses with design patterns or similar. The materials have properties that their components do not - write full definitions including these where possible. 2019-04-30T18:33:18Z particulate organic matter Particulate environmental material which is composed primarily of organic material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulate_organic_matter ENVO:04000013 Particulate organic matter which is composed primarily of carbon. 2019-04-30T18:33:35Z particulate organic carbon Particulate organic matter which is composed primarily of carbon. https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/biogeochemical/organic_carbon.html ENVO:04000014 Particulate organic matter which is composed primarily of nitrogen. 2019-04-30T18:33:45Z particulate organic nitrogen ENVO:04000015 A material accumulation process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored. 2019-06-07T23:28:29Z carbon sequestration process A material accumulation process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored. https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-carbon-sequestration?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products ENVO:04000016 A carbon sequestration process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored by biological processes. 2019-06-07T23:33:27Z biotic carbon sequestration A carbon sequestration process during which atmospheric carbon dioxide is captured and stored by biological processes. ENVO:04000017 A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in underground geological formations. 2019-06-07T23:33:38Z abiotic carbon sequestration geological carbon sequestration A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in underground geological formations. ENVO:04000018 A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in the carbonate system of an ocean. 2019-06-11T20:49:49Z SDGIO:00010072 carbon sequestration by the ocean carbonate system A carbon sequestration process during which carbon dioxide is stored in the carbonate system of an ocean. ENVO:06105002 A disposition inhering in a bearer by virtue of that bearer's ability to, repeatedly, become plastic on heating and harden again on cooling. 2021-04-27T09:10:14Z termoplasticità 熱塑性 thermoplasticity A disposition inhering in a bearer by virtue of that bearer's ability to, repeatedly, become plastic on heating and harden again on cooling. ENVO:06105003 An environmental material which is capable of, repeatedly, becoming plastic when heated and hardening again when cooled. 2021-04-27T09:45:29Z thermoplastic material An environmental material which is capable of, repeatedly, becoming plastic when heated and hardening again when cooled. ENVO:06105004 A disposition which inheres in materials capable of becoming rigid when cured by heating. 2021-04-27T13:46:52Z 熱固性 envoPlastics thermosetting disposition A disposition which inheres in materials capable of becoming rigid when cured by heating. ENVO:06105005 A polymer which has been irreversibly hardened by heat-induced curing. 2021-04-27T13:51:32Z thermoset material thermoset thermoset plastic Prior to curing, thermoset materials often occur as a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer or resin. In the literature, those are often referred to thermosetting resins. During curing process, well-defined and irreversible chemical networks form in three dimensions thus giving the thermosets a strong and rigid structure that can be added to other materials to increase strength. thermoset polymer A polymer which has been irreversibly hardened by heat-induced curing. Prior to curing, thermoset materials often occur as a soft solid or viscous liquid prepolymer or resin. In the literature, those are often referred to thermosetting resins. During curing process, well-defined and irreversible chemical networks form in three dimensions thus giving the thermosets a strong and rigid structure that can be added to other materials to increase strength. ENVO:06105006 A piece of plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. 2021-05-04T13:42:05Z Plastikschaumstück Schaumstoffstück Depending on the type of plastic used and the organisation of the foam, a piece of plastic foam can show elastic properties (even if the plastic it is made out of does not have elastic properties). piece of plastic foam A piece of plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. ENVO:06105007 A piece of plastic which is flexible, thin, and planar. 2021-05-04T13:58:27Z Plastikfolie pellicola di plastica película de plástico Kunststofffolie plastic membrane plastic sheet The edge can be either smooth or angular. plastic film A piece of plastic which is flexible, thin, and planar. The edge can be either smooth or angular. ENVO:06105008 A piece of plastic which 1) is hard, 2) has an irregular shape, and 3) has broken off of a larger piece of plastic. 2021-05-04T14:37:37Z Plastikfragment fragmento de plástico frammento di plastica plastic flake plastic granule To avoid ambiguity, we are being stricter with the "has broken off of a larger piece of plastic" aspect compared to the GESAMP report, which originally stated "having appearance of being broken down from a larger piece of litter". plastic fragment A piece of plastic which 1) is hard, 2) has an irregular shape, and 3) has broken off of a larger piece of plastic. ENVO:06105009 A piece of plastic which is linear and flexible. 2021-05-04T14:40:36Z plastic fibre plastic filament plastic strand plastic line A piece of plastic which is linear and flexible. ENVO:06105010 A piece of plastic which is 1) hard, 2) has a smooth external surface, and 3) has a roughly spherical or granular shape. 2021-05-04T14:42:15Z mermaid's tears pellet de plástico pellet di plastica resin bead plastic pellet A piece of plastic which is 1) hard, 2) has a smooth external surface, and 3) has a roughly spherical or granular shape. ENVO:06105011 A liquid astronomical body part which 1) vertically spans a water body and 2) has fiat boundaries approximating a columnar shape. 2021-05-05T12:26:45Z Wassersäule colonna d'acqua columna de agua 水層 water column A liquid astronomical body part which 1) vertically spans a water body and 2) has fiat boundaries approximating a columnar shape. ENVO:06105012 A collection of organisms which inhabits the same region, ecosystem, or time period. This term is also requested on the PCO. Once it is added in PCO we will obsolete it in ENVO and replace it with the PCO terms. 2021-05-05T12:32:21Z Biota biota biota biota A collection of organisms which inhabits the same region, ecosystem, or time period. ENVO:06105013 A biota which inhabits a marine ecosystem. This term is also requested on the PCO. Once it is added in PCO we will obsolete it in ENVO and replace it with the PCO terms. 2021-05-05T12:34:25Z Meeresbiota biota marino biota marino marine life ocean life sea life marine biota A biota which inhabits a marine ecosystem. ENVO:06105014 A biological process during which a material entity is broken down. 2021-05-06T12:15:46Z Biodegradation Biologischer Abbauprozess biodegradación biodegradazione 生物分解 biodegradation A biological process during which a material entity is broken down. ENVO:06105015 A biodegradation process during which plastic is broken down. 2021-05-06T12:17:43Z Biologischer Plastikabbauprozess biodegradación del plástico biodegradazione della plastica biological degradation of plastics Biodegradation of plastic will lead to reduce molecular weight of that plastic. biodegradation of plastic A biodegradation process during which plastic is broken down. Biodegradation of plastic will lead to reduce molecular weight of that plastic. ENVO:06105016 A plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. 2021-05-07T12:26:54Z cellular polymers expanded polymers geschäumter Kunststoff plastic foam foamed plastic A plastic which has a matrix- or sponge-like structure with numerous, hollow internal spaces. ENVO:06105019 A physical quality which inheres in a liquid or solid bearer by virtue of that bearer trapping a gas in a colloidal suspension throughout its volume. This term is also requested on the PATO. Once it is added in PATO we will obsolete it in ENVO and replace it with the PATO terms. 2021-05-11T11:07:53Z quality of a foam A physical quality which inheres in a liquid or solid bearer by virtue of that bearer trapping a gas in a colloidal suspension throughout its volume. ENVO:06105020 A feeding behavior during which material is taken into the body of an organism. 2021-05-11T14:09:27Z (Nahrungs)aufnahme Ingestion ingestione ingestión 攝食 Note that ingestion is not limited to materials which provide nutrition to an organism; indigestible or otherwise biologically inaccessible particles may also be ingested by organisms. Ingestion is also not limited to organisms with a mouth and digestive tract, as single-celled organisms like amoebae ingest material with their cell membrane. https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/pull/1153 ingestion A feeding behavior during which material is taken into the body of an organism. ENVO:06105021 A material accumulation process during which material adheres to a solid or liquid surface. 2021-05-11T14:20:33Z Adsorption adsorbimento adsorción 吸附 adsorption A material accumulation process during which material adheres to a solid or liquid surface. ENVO:06105022 A material accumulation process during which material builds up on a solid surface such that a function of that surface, or the object it is a part of, is impaired. 2021-05-11T19:24:44Z Fouling incrostazione incrustación Following BFO:function semantics, this suggests that the functions of the object of which the surface is a part are affected in their realisation in one or more processes. fouling A material accumulation process during which material builds up on a solid surface such that a function of that surface, or the object it is a part of, is impaired. ENVO:06105023 A fouling process during which biological matter accumulates on a solid surface. 2021-05-11T19:26:55Z bio-incrostazione bio-incrustación biological fouling Makrofouling Mikrofouling Bewuchs The biological matter can be microscale (e.g. biofilms created by microorganism) and macroscale (created by macroorganism). biofouling A fouling process during which biological matter accumulates on a solid surface. The biological matter can be microscale (e.g. biofilms created by microorganism) and macroscale (created by macroorganism). ENVO:06105024 An environmental system process during which two dissimilar materials attach to one another. We'll relocate this in a hierarchy of similar processes later. We'll add different types of adhesion (mechanical, chemical, dispersive, diffusive, and electrostatic) as subclasses in later revisions. 2021-05-12T19:18:46Z The attachment is usually firm, and several mechanisms (mechanical, chemical, dispersive, diffusive, and electrostatic) have been proposed. This class is related to - but distinct from - those classes listed below: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C17597 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO_0022610 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/APO_0000288 adhesion An environmental system process during which two dissimilar materials attach to one another. ENVO:06105025 An environmental system process during which the molecules of similar materials are electrically attracted to one another, leading to the formation and maintenance of a microscopic structure holding the materials together. 2021-05-12T19:22:18Z cohesion An environmental system process during which the molecules of similar materials are electrically attracted to one another, leading to the formation and maintenance of a microscopic structure holding the materials together. ENVO:06105026 A piece of plastic foam which has a near-spherical or granular shape. 2021-05-13T14:28:02Z These granules are usually white or opaque but can be any color. granule of plastic foam A piece of plastic foam which has a near-spherical or granular shape. These granules are usually white or opaque but can be any color. ENVO:06105027 An environmental system process during which a material entity breaks into pieces or parts. 2021-05-13T14:48:11Z Fragmentierung fragmentación frammentazione fragmentation process An environmental system process during which a material entity breaks into pieces or parts. ENVO:06105028 A fragmentation process which is caused by weathering. 2021-05-13T14:48:17Z Some example of materials that undergo fragmentation due to weathering are rocks and plastics. fragmentation due to weathering Some example of materials that undergo fragmentation due to weathering are rocks and plastics. ENVO:06105101 An environnmental material which 1) is composed primarily of polymers with high molecular mass and 2) once deformed does not spontaneously return to its original shape. 2021-04-07T14:40:26Z Plastik plastica 塑膠 Kunststoff "High molecular mass" can be ambiguous as it does not set a threshold for what is considered "high". Here we make no commitment to a threshold. plastic An environnmental material which 1) is composed primarily of polymers with high molecular mass and 2) once deformed does not spontaneously return to its original shape. Kunststoff In German "Kunststoff" connotes those plastics which have intentionally been shaped by some art, thus "Kunst". ENVO:06105102 A piece of plastic which is greater than 1 metre in its longest dimension. 2021-04-08T13:55:24Z This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. megaplastic particle A piece of plastic which is greater than 1 metre in its longest dimension. ENVO:06105103 A piece of plastic which is between 25 and 1000 millimetres in its longest dimension. 2021-04-08T14:01:58Z This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist and are detailed in the same report. An alternative classification is a piece of plastic which is between 25 and 50 millimetres in its longest dimension. macroplastic particle A piece of plastic which is between 25 and 1000 millimetres in its longest dimension. ENVO:06105104 A piece of plastic which is between 5 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. 2021-04-08T14:04:53Z This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. Alternatives classifications are a piece of plastic which is less than 25 millimetres in its longest dimension, or a piece of plastic which is between 1 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. mesoplastic particle A piece of plastic which is between 5 and 25 millimetres in its longest dimension. ENVO:06105105 A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 micrometre. 2021-04-08T14:07:41Z This classification is based on the thresholds detailed in GESAMP report # 99 on recommendation from the SDG 14 indicator team. While the definition is in accordance with the common use of this term (as per GESAMP report # 99), alternative size classifications exist. An alternative classification is a piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 100 nanometres. The GESAMP report states that it assumes a spherical shape for this size classification, which was understood to mean the generalised form of diameter, i.e. the largest distance between two points belonging to an object. nanoplastic particle A piece of plastic which has a diameter less than 1 micrometre. ENVO:06105106 A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which are composed primarily of plastic and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. 2021-04-27T08:42:44Z Plastiksphäre plastisfera plastisfera plastisphere A part of an astronomical body which includes, as parts, all the entities which are composed primarily of plastic and which are within the gravitational sphere of influence of that body. ENVO:06105107 Anthropogenic litter which is present in the marine environment. 2021-05-04T14:07:44Z 海洋廢棄物 Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. marine anthropogenic litter Anthropogenic litter which is present in the marine environment. ENVO:06105108 An anthropogenic environmental process during which waste is improperly disposed of into the environment. 2021-05-04T14:13:18Z Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. littering An anthropogenic environmental process during which waste is improperly disposed of into the environment. ENVO:06105109 A role which 1) inheres in a material entity 2) is realised when that entity is discarded outside waste management systems by humans or their technologies. 2021-05-05T14:15:43Z litter role ENVO:06105110 A plastisphere which is composed primarily of manufactured plastic. 2021-05-06T12:41:22Z manufactured plastisphere ENVO:06105111 Plastic which is composed primarily of polymers produced by processes whose agents do not include humans or their technologies. The corresponding subclass axiom will be added in the second phase of this project. 2021-05-07T09:09:37Z natural plastic ENVO:06105112 A plastic which is composed primarily of polymers produced by a manufacturing process. The corresponding subclass axiom will be added in the second phase of this project. 2021-05-07T09:12:35Z manufactured plastic synthetic plastic ENVO:06105113 A planned environmental usage process during which any number of fish are caught by humans or their technologies. 2021-05-07T17:56:06Z angeln fischen pesca pesca fishing A planned environmental usage process during which any number of fish are caught by humans or their technologies. ENVO:06105114 An anthropogenic environmental process during which abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear attracts and entangles organisms. While not driven by humans directly, ghost fishing is a downstream result of their intentional actions. 2021-05-07T18:00:11Z ghost fishing An anthropogenic environmental process during which abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gear attracts and entangles organisms. ENVO:06105115 A manufactured product which is used for fishing. 2021-05-07T18:01:58Z Angelausrüstung Angelzubehör Fischereiausrüstung attrezzo di pesca equipo de pesca fishing tackle 漁具 fishing gear A manufactured product which is used for fishing. ENVO:06105116 Abandoned fishing gear which was intentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the future some role semantics for "abandoned", "lost", and "discarded" could be set up. 2021-05-07T18:06:28Z entsorgte Angelausrüstung equipo de pesca desechado attrezzo di pesca scartato weggeworfene Angelausrüstung weggeworfene Fischerreiausrüstung weggeworfenes Angelzubehör In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). discarded fishing gear Abandoned fishing gear which was intentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). ENVO:06105117 Fishing gear which is not under the control of or maintained by its custodian. In the future some role semantics for "abandoned", "lost", and "discarded" could be set up. 2021-05-07T18:11:07Z In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). abandoned fishing gear Fishing gear which is not under the control of or maintained by its custodian. In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). ENVO:06105118 Abandoned fishing gear which was unintentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the future some role semantics for "abandoned", "lost", and "discarded" could be set up. 2021-05-07T18:13:31Z attrezzo di pesca perso equipo de pesca perdido verschollene Angelausrüstung In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). lost fishing gear Abandoned fishing gear which was unintentionally left unmaintained and uncontrolled by its custodian. In the literature, including GESAMP Report #99, this term is often referenced as part of abandoned, lost or otherwise discarded fishing gear (ALDFG). ENVO:06105119 A material transformation process during which the properties of a material are changed as a result of in situ exposure to atmospheric processes. 2021-05-07T18:39:54Z Verwitterung meteorización meteorizzazione 風化(作用) The term "weathering" should not be confused with "erosion", which is the removal and transport of environmental material away from a site via exogenic processes. weathering A material transformation process during which the properties of a material are changed as a result of in situ exposure to atmospheric processes. ENVO:06105120 An environmental system process during which material entities become entrapped, wrapped, twisted, entwined, or otherwise caught in one another. 2021-05-07T18:43:55Z Verfangen Verhedderung Verstrickung proceso de enredamiento processo di impigliamento entanglement process An environmental system process during which material entities become entrapped, wrapped, twisted, entwined, or otherwise caught in one another. ENVO:06105121 An entanglement process during which organisms become entrapped in anthropogenic marine debris. We've added anthropogenic litter as an input, as the threshold between litter and debris is ambigious. See the notes on anthropogenic litter 2021-05-07T18:47:14Z Examples of marine debris include boating gear, or fishing gear (active or derelict). Marine debris may be in water or on land. entanglement of organisms in marine debris ENVO:06105122 A polymer which is the output of a biological process. 2021-05-10T10:54:01Z biopolymer A polymer which is the output of a biological process. ENVO:06105123 A polymer which is the output of a manufacturing process. 2021-05-10T10:56:03Z synthetic polymer A polymer which is the output of a manufacturing process. ENVO:06105124 Anthropogenic litter which is present in a coastal environment. 2021-05-10T11:07:40Z Very large objects that are discarded are typically considered "debris", but this term is loosely defined and there are no standard size classifications which can be used to distinguish debris from litter. coastal anthropogenic litter ENVO:06105125 A manufacturing process which includes plastic as one of its specified outputs. 2021-05-11T08:17:35Z Plastikherstellung plastic production producción de plástico produzione di plastica plastic manufacturing process A manufacturing process which includes plastic as one of its specified outputs. ENVO:06105126 Weathering during which plastic is worn or broken down. 2021-05-12T14:28:52Z weathering of plastic ENVO:06105201 A surface layer which is 1) part of a phreatic zone in contact with a vadose zone and 2) contains interstitial water with a pressure head equal to atmospheric pressure. 2021-10-29T14:15:55Z water table A surface layer which is 1) part of a phreatic zone in contact with a vadose zone and 2) contains interstitial water with a pressure head equal to atmospheric pressure. https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/hydr/concepts/gwater/wattable.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water_table ENVO:06105202 Soil compaction is a compaction process during which the bulk density of soil increases and/or its porosity decreases due to externally or internally applied loads. soil compaction process ENVO:06105203 An elevation which inheres in a water table by virture of its vertical distance from a land surface. 2021-11-04T17:43:01Z depth of the water table depth to the water table height of the water table While called "depth", this is not the depth of the water table but rather how far it is below a reference plane, usually the soil surface. Thus, this is placed under PATO:elevation which allows for distance above and below a reference point. water table depth ENVO:06105204 A rate which is characteristic of irradiance by photosynthetically active radiation by virtue of the number of photons received by an irradiated surface over time. A best-guess at representing "density" of massless entities - likely to require further expert input and refinement. 2021-11-05T00:08:35Z PPFD Often represented in micromoles of photons associated with photosynthetically active radiation per square meter per second. photosynthetic photon flux density A rate which is characteristic of irradiance by photosynthetically active radiation by virtue of the number of photons received by an irradiated surface over time. ENVO:06105205 A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage compacted soil A soil which has a high bulk density and/or a low porosity. A compacted soil has a reduced rate of both water infiltration and drainage ENVO:06105210 A rate which inheres in a soil percolation process. 2021-11-18T16:37:55Z percolation rate in soil soil percolation rate A rate which inheres in a soil percolation process. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Percolation_test&oldid=1029916094 https://www.scitechnol.com/peer-review/definition-and-purpose-of--percolation-of-soil-rhV5.php?article_id=15157 ENVO:06105211 Liquid water which 1) flows over land and 2) is not absorbed or retained by the materials if flows over or through. 2021-11-18T17:01:38Z overland flow surface runoff Runoff often gathers debris and solutes from the materials it flows over or through, and often flows into a water body. runoff Liquid water which 1) flows over land and 2) is not absorbed or retained by the materials if flows over or through. ENVO:06105213 A flux which inheres in photosynthetically active radiation. 2021-12-13T02:12:31Z PPF Often represented in micromoles of photons associated with photosynthetically active radiation per second. photosynthetic photon flux A flux which inheres in photosynthetically active radiation. ENVO:06105215 The number of days during which there is precipitation 2021-12-13T02:42:11Z The threshold at which a day is considered to be a rainy day is highly variable, and determined at the instance level. rainy day count ENVO:06105225 The depth of the top part of a soil layer. 2021-12-19T21:17:29Z soil layer top depth ENVO:06105226 The depth of the bottom part of a soil layer. 2021-12-19T21:19:05Z soil layer bottom depth ENVO:06105230 A water flow process during which water occupies the pores or interstices of a solid or semi-solid material. 2021-12-20T00:35:50Z water infiltration ENVO:06105231 A water infiltration process during which water fills the pore space and interstices of soil. 2021-12-20T00:41:35Z soil water infiltration water infiltration into soil A water infiltration process during which water fills the pore space and interstices of soil. ENVO:06105232 Albedo which inheres in soil. 2021-12-20T00:53:11Z soil albedo ENVO:06105233 Soil albedo which inheres in dry soil. 2021-12-20T00:55:55Z dry soil albedo ENVO:06105234 Soil albedo which inheres in moist soil. 2021-12-20T00:58:06Z This could be axiomatised with PATO:wet, but that isn't likely to map neatly to "moist". moist soil albedo ENVO:06105236 An ion which is 1) adsorbed onto the surfaces of materials with an opposing charge, 2) are readily displaced by other ions, 3) may be displaced and absorbed by organisms. Add an equivalence axiom to autopopulate this once we have ion exchange in as a process. 2021-12-20T01:24:00Z The exchangeable ion pool is the dominant storage pool for calcium, magnesium, and potassium ions. In soil, exchangeable ions are typically bound to the surface of clay and humus colloids. exchangeable ion An ion which is 1) adsorbed onto the surfaces of materials with an opposing charge, 2) are readily displaced by other ions, 3) may be displaced and absorbed by organisms. https://lawr.ucdavis.edu/classes/ssc219/biogeo/exchca.htm ENVO:06105237 A potassium ion which is capable of ion exchange. This class will be moved under K+ once it has been imported from CHEBI 2021-12-20T03:22:11Z exchangeable K+ exchangeable potassium A potassium ion which is capable of ion exchange. https://www.alberta.ca/potassium-management-in-crops.aspx ENVO:06105238 Liquid water which is present in soils as discontinuous volumnes of water in contact with solid and gaseous components of the soil. 2021-12-20T03:37:25Z residual water in soil Liquid water which is present in soils as discontinuous volumnes of water in contact with solid and gaseous components of the soil. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.3867&rep=rep1&type=pdf ENVO:06105239 A calcium ion which is capable of ion exchange. This class will be moved under Ca2+ once it has been imported from CHEBI 2021-12-22T16:30:54Z exchangeable Ca2+ exchangeable calcium A calcium ion which is capable of ion exchange. https://www.eco-gem.com/soil-science-available-calcium-cation-exchange-complex/ ENVO:06105240 A physical quality which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb exchangeable cations. 2021-12-22T16:39:01Z CEC In soils, these materials include clay and organic matter particles. Soil CEC is measured in millequivalents per 100 grams of soil (meq/100g). A meq is the number of ions which total a specific quantity of electrical charges. Common soil cations include: calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), potassium (K+), ammonium (NH4+), hydrogen (H+) and sodium (Na+). cation exchange capacity A physical quality which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb exchangeable cations. https://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/ay/ay-238.html ENVO:06105241 A drainage process during which liquid water is transported away from soil. 2021-12-22T17:12:04Z soil drainage A drainage process during which liquid water is transported away from soil. ENVO:06105242 A cation exchange capacity which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb basic exchangeable cations. 2021-12-22T17:32:00Z BS The basic cation exchange capacity is often expressed as the percentage of the total exchangeable cations which are basic, known as the percentage base saturation. The percentage base saturation is expressed as follows: %BS = [(Ca2+ + Mg2+ + K+)/CEC] × 100 basic cation exchange capacity A cation exchange capacity which inheres in an environmental material by virtue of the material's ability to adsorb basic exchangeable cations. https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=C1040 ENVO:06105265 Energy which has been absorbed by an astronomical body or its parts following that body's irradiation by shortwave radiation from a star. 2021-12-23T03:51:41Z absorbed shortwave radiation Despite the label, this is not a shortwave radiation process, but the energy that is absorbed from one. This term is used to describe, e.g., the energy absorbed from insolation and stored by the Earth. Gross shortwave radiation would also include shortwave radiation reflected back into space by clouds, aerosols, and solid surfaces with high albedo. net shortwave radiation Energy which has been absorbed by an astronomical body or its parts following that body's irradiation by shortwave radiation from a star. http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/hydrology/data-holdings/parameters/net_shrtwave_rad.shtml ENVO:06105266 A layer that is composed primarily of soil. soil layer ENVO:06105267 A planned process during which a soil profile is examined and the soil horizons that compose it are described. 2021-12-23T04:10:36Z soil profile characterization A planned process during which a soil profile is examined and the soil horizons that compose it are described. http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/mauisoil/a_profile.aspx ENVO:06105268 Waste water which was converted into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or reused. 2021-12-23T04:16:42Z treated wastewater Waste water which was converted into an effluent that can be either returned to the water cycle with minimal environmental issues or reused. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/wastewater-treatment-water-use ENVO:06105269 Saline water from which minerals have been removed to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. 2021-12-23T04:26:38Z desalinated water Saline water from which minerals have been removed to produce fresh water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/desalination ENVO:06105271 Texture which inheres in soil. 2021-12-26T21:49:12Z soil texture ENVO:06105272 Soil which is primarily composed of sand with silt and clay in progressively smaller proportions. 2021-12-26T22:01:51Z Some authorities consider this a soil type, composed of 70-86% of sand, 0-30% of silt and 0-15% of clay. Others consider this a soil material that contains at the upper limit 85 to 90% sand, and the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay is not less than 15, at the lower limit it contains not less than 70 to 85% sand, and the percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay does not exceed 30. loamy sand Soil which is primarily composed of sand with silt and clay in progressively smaller proportions. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils Some authorities consider this a soil type, composed of 70-86% of sand, 0-30% of silt and 0-15% of clay. Others consider this a soil material that contains at the upper limit 85 to 90% sand, and the percentage of silt plus 1.5 times the percentage of clay is not less than 15, at the lower limit it contains not less than 70 to 85% sand, and the percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay does not exceed 30. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html ENVO:06105273 Sand which is composed primarily of fine particles. 2021-12-26T22:04:18Z Thresholds for what particle size is considered "fine" vary by region and authority, as well as the tolerance for proportions of other particle sizes. fine sand ENVO:06105274 Loam which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:08:11Z Some authorities consider sandy loam to be a soil composed of 50-70% sand, 0-50% silt, and 0-20% clay. Others, a soil material that contains either 20% or less clay, with a percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay that exceeds 30, and 52% or more sand; or less than 7% clay, less than 50% silt, and between 43% and 52% sand. sandy loam Some authorities consider sandy loam to be a soil composed of 50-70% sand, 0-50% silt, and 0-20% clay. Others, a soil material that contains either 20% or less clay, with a percentage of silt plus twice the percentage of clay that exceeds 30, and 52% or more sand; or less than 7% clay, less than 50% silt, and between 43% and 52% sand. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils ENVO:06105275 Loam which has a high proportion of silt in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:10:33Z Some authorities consider silt loam to be a soil composed of 20-50% of sand, 74-88% silt and 0-27% of clay. USDA textural classes of soils silty loam Some authorities consider silt loam to be a soil composed of 20-50% of sand, 74-88% silt and 0-27% of clay. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html ENVO:06105276 Clay loam which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:11:57Z Some authorities consider sandy clay loam to be a soil composed of 45-80% sand, 0-28% silt, and 20-35% clay. sandy clay loam Some authorities consider sandy clay loam to be a soil composed of 45-80% sand, 0-28% silt, and 20-35% clay. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html ENVO:06105277 Loam which has a high proportion of clay in its composition. Interestingly, some instances of this class may not actually conform to the definition of loam, by having roughly unequal proportions of sand and silt and quite a large proportion of clay. 2021-12-26T22:12:30Z Some authorities consider clay loam to be a soil composed of 20-45% sand, 15-52% silt, and 27 to 40% clay. clay loam Some authorities consider clay loam to be a soil composed of 20-45% sand, 15-52% silt, and 27 to 40% clay. https://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/glossary/t/index.html USDA textural classes of soils ENVO:06105278 Clay loam which has a high proportion of silt in its composition. 2021-12-26T22:13:01Z Some authorities consider silty clay loam to be a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-73 of silt and 27-40% of clay. silty clay loam Some authorities consider silty clay loam to be a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-73 of silt and 27-40% of clay. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils ENVO:06105279 Clay which has a high proportion of sand in its composition. If this is a soil (in which case the differntia must be made clear) it should be moved (or a new class created) and labelled 'sandy clay soil'. 2021-12-26T22:13:44Z Some authorities consider sandy clay to be a soil composed of 45-65% of sand, 0-20% of silt and 35-55% of clay. If the proportion of sand exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay sand" should be created. sandy clay Some authorities consider sandy clay to be a soil composed of 45-65% of sand, 0-20% of silt and 35-55% of clay. If the proportion of sand exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay sand" should be created. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils ENVO:06105280 Clay which has a high proportion of silt in its composition. If this is a soil (in which case the differntia must be made clear) it should be moved (or a new class created) and labelled 'silty clay soil'. 2021-12-26T22:14:11Z Some authorities consider this a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-60% of silt and 40-60% of clay. If the proportion of silt exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay silt" should be created. silty clay Some authorities consider this a soil composed of 0-20% of sand, 40-60% of silt and 40-60% of clay. If the proportion of silt exceeds that of clay, it is unclear whether this is still considered clay (due to other properties) or whether a new class "clay silt" should be created. https://www.fao.org/fishery/docs/CDrom/FAO_Training/FAO_Training/General/x6706e/x6706e06.htm USDA textural classes of soils ENVO:06105300 A recycling process during which wastewater is treated wastewater treatment process ENVO:06105301 A recycling process during which the dissolved mineral salts in water are removed desalination process ENVO:06105302 A concentration of liquid water in soil arrived at after water which is not retained by the soil has drained away. drained upper limit The determination of field capacity is variable and multiple methods to do so exist. Even in a given soil, the value of field capacity is variable, but serves as a useful measure of its water-holding capacity. Field capacity is often characterized by measuring water content after wetting a soil profile, covering it (to prevent evaporation) and monitoring the change soil moisture in the profile. Water content when the rate of change is relatively small is indicative of when drainage ceases and is called field capacity, it is also termed drained upper limit (DUL). This measure of field capacity is well-correlated with field capacity determined by applying −33 kPa (or −0.33 bar) of hydraulic head or suction pressure (less in sandy soils) to a portion of soil and subsequently measuring the bulk water content it retains.Field capacity is usually naturally arrived at 2–3 days after rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. field capacity A concentration of liquid water in soil arrived at after water which is not retained by the soil has drained away. The determination of field capacity is variable and multiple methods to do so exist. Even in a given soil, the value of field capacity is variable, but serves as a useful measure of its water-holding capacity. Field capacity is often characterized by measuring water content after wetting a soil profile, covering it (to prevent evaporation) and monitoring the change soil moisture in the profile. Water content when the rate of change is relatively small is indicative of when drainage ceases and is called field capacity, it is also termed drained upper limit (DUL). This measure of field capacity is well-correlated with field capacity determined by applying −33 kPa (or −0.33 bar) of hydraulic head or suction pressure (less in sandy soils) to a portion of soil and subsequently measuring the bulk water content it retains.Field capacity is usually naturally arrived at 2–3 days after rain or irrigation in pervious soils of uniform structure and texture. ENVO:06105303 A concentration of liquid water in soil at or below which a plant will wilt and no longer recover its turgidity when placed in a water saturated atmosphere. PWP wilting point The type of plant and soil are sources of variation for values of this concentration. The physical definition of the wilting point is conventionally measured as the water content at −1,500 kPa (−15 bar) of suction pressure, or negative hydraulic head. permanent wilting point A concentration of liquid water in soil at or below which a plant will wilt and no longer recover its turgidity when placed in a water saturated atmosphere. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_wilting_point The type of plant and soil are sources of variation for values of this concentration. The physical definition of the wilting point is conventionally measured as the water content at −1,500 kPa (−15 bar) of suction pressure, or negative hydraulic head. ENVO:06105304 Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. soil water-holding capacity water-holding capacity of soil Water-holding capacity which inheres in some soil. ENVO:08000001 An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. TermGenie 2014-12-15T22:32:00Z axilla skin environment true true An environment that is determined by an axilla skin. GOC:TermGenie ENVO:08000002 An environment that is determined by a mouth. TermGenie 2015-04-10T23:34:03Z mouth environment true true An environment that is determined by a mouth. GOC:TermGenie ENVO:09000001 The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in environmental material ENVO:09000002 The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in soil ENVO:09000003 The solubility of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom solubility solubility of carbon atom in water ENVO:09000004 The amount of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in environmental material ENVO:09000005 The amount of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in soil ENVO:09000006 The amount of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom amount amount of carbon atom in water ENVO:09000007 The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in environmental material ENVO:09000008 The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in soil. soil carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in soil ENVO:09000009 The concentration of a carbon atom when measured in water. water carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in water ENVO:09000010 The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in environmental material ENVO:09000011 The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in soil ENVO:09000012 The solubility of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom solubility solubility of nitrogen atom in water ENVO:09000013 The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in environmental material ENVO:09000014 The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in soil ENVO:09000015 The amount of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom amount amount of nitrogen atom in water ENVO:09000016 The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in environmental material. environmental material nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in environmental material ENVO:09000017 The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in soil. soil nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in soil ENVO:09000018 The concentration of a nitrogen atom when measured in water. water nitrogen atom concentration concentration of nitrogen atom in water ENVO:09000019 The concentration of a chloride when measured in water. water chloride concentration concentration of chloride in water ENVO:09000022 The concentration of a clay when measured in soil. soil clay concentration concentration of clay in soil ENVO:09000023 The concentration of a slit when measured in soil. soil slit concentration concentration of slit in soil ENVO:09000024 The concentration of a sand when measured in soil. soil sand concentration concentration of sand in soil ENVO:09000025 The concentration of a gravel when measured in soil. soil gravel concentration concentration of gravel in soil ENVO:09000026 The concentration of a liquid water when measured in soil. soil liquid water concentration soil moisture content soil water content concentration of liquid water in soil ENVO:09000027 The concentration of a salt when measured in soil. soil salt concentration concentration of salt in soil ENVO:09000028 The evaporation of a liquid water when measured in soil. soil liquid water evaporation evaporation of liquid water in soil ENVO:09000029 The rate of a hydrological evaporation when measured in soil. soil hydrological evaporation rate rate of hydrological evaporation in soil ENVO:09000030 The concentration of a soil organic matter when measured in soil. soil soil organic matter concentration concentration of soil organic matter in soil ENVO:09000031 The concentration of a pesticide when measured in surface water. surface water pesticide concentration concentration of pesticide in surface water ENVO:09100001 The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in environmental material. environmental material dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in environmental material ENVO:09100002 The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in soil. soil dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in soil ENVO:09100003 The carbon atom in a dissolved state when measured in water. water dissolved carbon atom dissolved carbon atom in water ENVO:09100004 The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in environmental material. environmental material dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in environmental material ENVO:09100005 The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in soil. soil dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in soil ENVO:09100006 The nitrogen atom in a dissolved state when measured in water. water dissolved nitrogen atom dissolved nitrogen atom in water ENVO:09200000 The temperature of some environmental material. environmental material temperature temperature of environmental material ENVO:09200001 The temperature of some air. air temperature temperature of air ENVO:09200002 The quality of a environmental system process. quality of environmental system process environmental system process quality ENVO:09200003 The intensity of a atmospheric wind. intensity of atmospheric wind atmospheric wind intensity ENVO:09200004 The porosity of some soil. soil porosity porosity of soil ENVO:09200005 The mass density of some soil. soil mass density mass density of soil ENVO:09200006 The concentration of a ammonium when measured in soil. soil ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in soil ENVO:09200007 The concentration of a nitrate when measured in soil. soil nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in soil ENVO:09200008 The composition of some soil. soil composition composition of soil ENVO:09200009 The structure of some soil. soil structure structure of soil ENVO:09200010 The acidity of some soil. soil acidity soil pH acidity of soil ENVO:09200011 The pressure of some air. air pressure pressure of air ENVO:09200012 The temperature of some soil. soil temperature temperature of soil ENVO:09200013 The wetness of some soil. soil wetness wetness of soil ENVO:09200014 The temperature of some water. water temperature temperature of water ENVO:09200015 The humidity of some soil. soil humidity humidity of soil ENVO:09200016 The conductivity of some soil. soil conductivity conductivity of soil ENVO:09200017 The composition of some water. water composition composition of water ENVO:09200018 The conductivity of some water. water conductivity conductivity of water ENVO:09200020 The concentration of a nitrate when measured in groundwater. ground water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in groundwater ENVO:09200021 The color of some soil. soil color color of soil ENVO:09200022 ENVO:09200036 ENVO:09200037 The ID related to this term was accidentally used for two separate classes, hours of sunshine and mass density of snow, which are now seperate terms. obsolete hours of sunshine true ENVO:09200023 The depth of some snow. 2021-04-14T18:57:18.275Z snow depth snow cover depth of snow ENVO:09200024 The volume of some runoff. runoff volume volume of runoff ENVO:09200025 The volume of some evaporation. evaporation volume volume of evaporation ENVO:09200026 The volume of some evapotranspiration. evapotranspiration volume volume of evapotranspiration ENVO:09200027 The volume of some rain. rain volume volume of rain ENVO:09200028 The speed of some soil water infiltration. soil water infiltration speed speed of soil water infiltration ENVO:09200029 The thickness of some topsoil. topsoil thickness thickness of topsoil ENVO:09200030 The speed of some soil drainage. soil drainage speed speed of soil drainage ENVO:09200031 The amplitude of some temperature of air. temperature of air amplitude amplitude of temperature of air ENVO:09200032 The duration of some stellar radiation. stellar radiation duration duration of stellar radiation ENVO:09200033 The pressure of some atmospheric water vapour. atmospheric water vapour pressure pressure of atmospheric water vapour ENVO:09200034 The porosity of some snow. snow porosity porosity of snow ENVO:09200035 The porosity of some water ice. water ice porosity porosity of water ice ENVO:09200036 The mass density of some snow. snow mass density mass density of snow ENVO:09200037 A one-dimensional temporal region during which an entity is exposed to stellar radiation. sunshine hours hours of sunshine ENVO:1000745 A hydrological precipitation process with a reduced rate relative to some historical average, typically resulting in ecosystemic perturbations. Drought is often defined as a temporal period of below-average precipitation, however, representing it as a temporal entity seems insufficient. drought ENVO:1000746 A gelatinous material primarily composed of exopolymeric compounds with colloidal properties, formed through the aggregation of marine snow particles, often found in large sheets, flocs, and clouds. See issue #276. This class is complex as marine mucilage is quite complex. It will also requre new class creation in GO process for deeper semantics. sea snot The formation of marine mucilage is often associated with conditions which stress marine microorganisms such as diatoms. marine mucilage A gelatinous material primarily composed of exopolymeric compounds with colloidal properties, formed through the aggregation of marine snow particles, often found in large sheets, flocs, and clouds. DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0007006 ENVO:1000747 A process in which carbohydrates are transported from the interior of an organism to its surroundings. Class for testing with marine mucilage. exudation of carbohydrates ENVO:1000748 A process which results in the formation of an island. Addressing Issue #268. This top-level class may be converted to an inferred class. island formation process ENVO:1000749 An island created when a continent is rifted. "Examples are Madagascar and Socotra off Africa, the Kerguelen Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, and some of the Seychelles." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island microcontinental island An island created when a continent is rifted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island ENVO:1000750 An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. depositional island An island formed by deposition of solid material such as sand or small rocks where a water current loses some of its carrying capacity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island ENVO:1000751 An island formed by the accumulation of sand deposited by sea currents on a continental shelves barrier island An island formed by the accumulation of sand deposited by sea currents on a continental shelves https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process 2013-04-27T10:32:07Z ENVO ENVO:2000000 chemical product ENVO:2000000 A manufactured product that is some mixture of chemicals created through some chemical engineering process The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties 2013-04-27T10:35:14Z https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote ENVO ENVO:2000001 creosote ENVO:2000001 The portion of chemical products obtained by the distillation of a tar that remains heavier than water, notably useful for its anti-septic and preservative properties https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creosote A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. 2013-04-27T03:16:01Z ENVO ENVO:2000002 industrial wastewate treatment plant ENVO:2000002 A wastewater treatment plant that treates industrial wastewater. Industrial wastewater treatment covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat waters that have been contaminated in some way by anthropogenic industrial or commercial activities prior to its release into the environment or its re-use. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. 2013-04-27T03:17:36Z ENVO ENVO:2000003 agricultural wastewater treatment plant ENVO:2000003 A wastewater treatment plant that treats agriculatural wastewater. Agricultural wastewater treatment relates to the treatment of wastewaters produced in the course of agricultural activities. Agriculture is a highly intensified industry in many parts of the world, producing a range of wastewaters requiring a variety of treatment technologies and management practices. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_wastewater_treatment A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. 2013-04-27T04:26:24Z EcoLexicon:algal_bloom SWEETRealm:AlgalBloom https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom phytoplankton bloom ENVO ENVO:2000004 algal bloom ENVO:2000004 A feature that arises from a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae (typically microscopic) in an aquatic system. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. 2013-04-27T04:28:27Z ENVO ENVO:2000005 freshwater algal bloom ENVO:2000005 An algal bloom that is located in freshwater. Freshwater algal blooms are the result of an excess of nutrients, particularly some phosphates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algal_bloom#Freshwater_algal_blooms An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). 2013-04-27T04:49:24Z termite nest ENVO ENVO:2000006 nest of termite ENVO:2000006 An animal habitation constructed by termites. Termite workers build and maintain nests which house the colony. These are elaborate structures made using a combination of soil, mud, chewed wood/cellulose, saliva, and faeces. A nest has many functions such as providing a protected living space and water conservation (through controlled condensation). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termite#Nests ENVO:2000007 charcoal that is used as a soil amendment. 2018-11-03T19:28:29Z biochar charcoal that is used as a soil amendment. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochar ENVO:2000008 A soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. 2018-11-03T19:43:59Z brown coal It is considered the lowest rank of coal due to its relatively low heat content. It has a carbon content around 60–70 percent. lignite A soft, brown, combustible, sedimentary rock formed from naturally compressed peat. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite brown coal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lignite ENVO:2000009 2018-11-03T19:47:13Z sub-bitumous coal ENVO:2000010 a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It is an organic sedimentary rock formed by diagenetic and sub metamorphic compression of peat bog material. 2018-11-03T19:47:22Z black coal bitumous coal a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than anthracite. It is an organic sedimentary rock formed by diagenetic and sub metamorphic compression of peat bog material. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bituminous_coal ENVO:2000011 A hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest ranking of coal. 2018-11-03T19:47:32Z hard coal anthracite A hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic luster. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest energy density of all types of coal and is the highest ranking of coal. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite hard coal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthracite ENVO:2000012 The generation of energy for use by humans 2018-11-03T20:02:04Z anthropogenic generation of energy ENVO:2000013 2018-11-03T20:04:34Z generation of energy from coal ENVO:2000014 2018-11-03T20:05:18Z generation of energy from oil ENVO:2000015 A disposition which is realized during the execution of work, the emission of heat, or the possession of mass. 2018-11-03T20:22:18Z Consider replacing with PATO class; note that PATO class is not a disposition. This should likely go into OBO Core and also have a physicist look at it. energy ENVO:2000016 Energy possessed by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors. 2018-11-03T20:24:50Z potential energy ENVO:2000017 Energy which is realised through motion. 2018-11-03T20:25:57Z kinetic energy ENVO:2000018 Energy which is the sum of 1) kinetic energy and 2) potential energy. 2018-11-03T20:26:08Z mixed potential and kinetic energy ENVO:2000020 potential energy due to or stored in electric fields. 2018-11-03T20:27:07Z electric energy ENVO:2000021 potential energy due to or stored in magnetic fields. 2018-11-03T20:27:25Z magnetic energy ENVO:2000022 potential energy due to or stored in gravitational fields. 2018-11-03T20:27:37Z gravitational energy ENVO:2000023 Potential energy which is stored in chemical bonds and realised through reactions which break them.. 2018-11-03T20:27:46Z chemical energy ENVO:2000024 potential energy that binds an electron to its atom or molecule. 2018-11-03T20:27:57Z ionization energy ENVO:2000025 potential energy that binds nucleons to form the atomic nucleus (and nuclear reactions). 2018-11-03T20:28:07Z nuclear energy ENVO:2000026 Potential energy due to the energy of the gluon-mediated field of the strong force, binding quarks together into hadrons. 2018-11-03T20:28:20Z chromodynamic binding energy gluon binding energy quantum chromodynamics binding energy chromodynamic energy Potential energy due to the energy of the gluon-mediated field of the strong force, binding quarks together into hadrons. ENVO:2000027 potential energy due to the deformation of a material (or its container) exhibiting a restorative force. 2018-11-03T20:28:42Z elastic energy ENVO:2000028 Wave energy which inheres in an elastic material and is realised when a deformational wave passes through that material. 2018-11-03T20:29:00Z mechanical wave energy ENVO:2000029 Mechanical wave energy which is realised when an acoustic wave propagates through a material. 2018-11-03T20:29:11Z sound wave energy ENVO:2000030 Potential energy which is stored in the fields of propagated by electromagnetic radiation. 2018-11-03T20:29:21Z radiant energy ENVO:2000031 potential energy due to an object's rest mass. 2018-11-03T20:29:57Z rest energy ENVO:2000032 Kinetic energy which is realised through the microscopic motion of particles. 2018-11-03T20:30:20Z A form of disordered mechanical energy. thermal energy ENVO:2000033 Mechanical wave energy which inheres in an atmosphere and is realised during an atmospheric wind. 2018-11-03T20:47:14Z wind wave energy ENVO:2000034 Thermal energy which propagates through a solid (typically rocky) astronomical body. 2018-11-03T20:47:30Z Often, this term is used specifically for thermal energy spreading from heat sources (e.g. magma chambers, the planetary core) within the Earth. However, it is also used for extraterrestrial bodies. geothermal energy ENVO:2000035 2018-11-03T20:48:18Z stellar radiation energy ENVO:2000037 A power station which burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas, or petroleum to produce electricity. 2018-11-03T21:00:37Z fossil fuel power plant ENVO:2000038 2018-11-03T21:01:16Z coal power plant ENVO:2000039 2018-11-03T21:02:17Z gas power station ENVO:2000040 2018-11-03T21:06:13Z lignite power plant ENVO:2000041 2018-11-03T21:14:06Z solar power station ENVO:2000042 2018-11-03T21:15:52Z OTEC power plant OTEC power station ocean thermal power station ENVO:2000043 2018-11-03T21:21:48Z tidal power plant ENVO:2000044 Coal heated in the absence of air. 2018-11-03T21:29:33Z coke ENVO:2000045 2018-11-03T21:35:24Z hydrocarbon-based environmental material ENVO:2000046 A biogeochemical cycle which has oxygen as participant. 2018-11-03T22:06:08Z global carbon cycling oxygen cycling ENVO:2100000 An environment which is determined by an anatomical entity. anatomical entity environment ENVO:2100002 An environmental system determined by an intestine. intestine environment ENVO:2100003 An environment determined by an area or zone of skin tissue. skin environment ENVO:2100004 integumental system environment ENVO:2100005 face skin environment ENVO:2100006 feather environment ENVO:21001212 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. NCIT:C16862 This definition focuses on the properties of microwaves rather than their wavelength or frequency limits. Considerable ambiguity exists around the wavelength and frequency thresholds of microwaves. The ISO 21348 definition bounds these waves at 1 mm and 15 mm, with frequencies between 100 GHz and 0.225 GHz. microwave radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths and frequencies which travel exclusively in a line-of-sight fashion and which may produce molecular rotation and torsion on contact with matter. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microwave ENVO:21001213 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. ENVO As with microwaves, considerable variation exists in the delimitation of frequency and wavelength thresholds for radiowaves. The ISO 21348 standard allows a wavelength range of 0.10 mm to 100 m and a frequency range of 300 GHz to 3 MHz. However, much lower thresholds also exist. radio wave radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths ranging from millimetre to kilometer scales. ENVO:21001214 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. NCIT:C16736 infra-red radiation IR radiation infrared radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted when molecules change their rotational-vibrational movements, usually at wavelengths between 760 nm and 1 mm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared ENVO:21001215 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. NCIT:C17732 optical radiation ENVO visible light visible spectrum radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 380 nm and 760 nm. visible light NCIT:C17732 ENVO:21001216 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. To be expanded to account for subtypes. UV radiation ENVO ultraviolet radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted at wavelengths between 10 nm and 400 nm. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet ENVO:21001217 A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. NCIT:C17262 X ray radiation ENVO X-ray X-ray radiation A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted by high-energy electrons as they fall into a lower state of energy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray X-ray NCIT:C17262 ENVO:21001218 A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. ENVO gamma-ray radiation A radiation process during which penetrating electromagnetic radiation is emitted from the radioactive decay (gamma decay) of atomic nuclei. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_ray ENVO:21001219 A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. NCIT:C17052 ionising radiation ENVO ionizing radiation A radiation process during which electromagnetic waves or their quanta are emitted with sufficient energy to disrupt molecular bonds or alter the electron number of atoms. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_radiation ENVO:3100001 The concentration of Adenosine 5-triphosphate when measured in liquid water. liquid water Adenosine 5-triphosphate concentration concentration of Adenosine 5-triphosphate in liquid water ENVO:3100002 The concentration of alloxanthine when measured in liquid water. liquid water alloxanthine concentration concentration of alloxanthine in liquid water ENVO:3100003 The concentration of alpha-carotene when measured in liquid water. liquid water alpha-carotene concentration concentration of alpha-carotene in liquid water ENVO:3100004 The concentration of ammonium when measured in liquid water. liquid water ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in liquid water ENVO:3100005 The concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. liquid water bacteriochlorophyll a concentration concentration of bacteriochlorophyll a in liquid water ENVO:3100006 The concentration of beta-carotene when measured in liquid water. liquid water beta-carotene concentration concentration of beta-carotene in liquid water ENVO:3100007 The concentration of carotene when measured in liquid water. liquid water carotene concentration concentration of carotene in liquid water ENVO:3100008 The concentration of chlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyll a concentration concentration of chlorophyll a in liquid water ENVO:3100009 The concentration of chlorophyll b when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyll b concentration concentration of chlorophyll b in liquid water ENVO:3100010 The concentration of chlorophyllide a when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyllide a concentration concentration of chlorophyllide a in liquid water ENVO:3100011 The concentration of dioxygen when measured in liquid water. liquid water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in liquid water ENVO:3100012 The concentration of divinyl chlorophyll a when measured in liquid water. liquid water divinyl chlorophyll a concentration concentration of divinyl chlorophyll a in liquid water ENVO:3100013 The concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b when measured in liquid water. liquid water divinyl chlorophyll b concentration concentration of divinyl chlorophyll b in liquid water ENVO:3100014 The concentration of fucoxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water fucoxanthin concentration concentration of fucoxanthin in liquid water ENVO:3100015 The concentration of Guanosine 5-triphosphate when measured in liquid water. liquid water Guanosine 5-triphosphate concentration concentration of Guanosine 5-triphosphate in liquid water ENVO:3100016 The concentration of hydrogen peroxide when measured in liquid water. liquid water hydrogen peroxide concentration concentration of hydrogen peroxide in liquid water ENVO:3100017 The concentration of hydrogen sulfide when measured in liquid water. liquid water hydrogen sulfide concentration concentration of hydrogen sulfide in liquid water ENVO:3100019 The concentration of lutein when measured in liquid water. liquid water lutein concentration concentration of lutein in liquid water ENVO:3100020 The concentration of methane when measured in liquid water. liquid water methane concentration concentration of methane in liquid water ENVO:3100021 The concentration of neoxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water neoxanthin concentration concentration of neoxanthin in liquid water ENVO:3100022 The concentration of nitrate when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in liquid water ENVO:3100023 The concentration of nitrite when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrite concentration concentration of nitrite in liquid water ENVO:3100024 The concentration of nitrous oxide when measured in liquid water. liquid water nitrous oxide concentration concentration of nitrous oxide in liquid water ENVO:3100025 The concentration of peridinin when measured in liquid water. liquid water peridinin concentration concentration of peridinin in liquid water ENVO:3100026 The concentration of phosphate when measured in liquid water. liquid water phosphate concentration concentration of phosphate in liquid water ENVO:3100027 The concentration of silicate(4-) when measured in liquid water. liquid water silicate(4-) concentration concentration of silicate(4-) in liquid water ENVO:3100028 The concentration of violaxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water violaxanthin concentration concentration of violaxanthin in liquid water ENVO:3100029 The concentration of zeaxanthin when measured in liquid water. liquid water zeaxanthin concentration concentration of zeaxanthin in liquid water ENVO:3100030 The acidity of some water. water acidity acidity of water ENVO:3100031 The depth of some water. water depth depth of water ENVO:3100032 The fluorescence of some water. water fluorescence fluorescence of water ENVO:3100033 The pressure of some water. water pressure pressure of water ENVO:3100034 The concentration of silicic acid when measured in liquid water. liquid water silicic acid concentration concentration of silicic acid in liquid water ENVO:3100036 The concentration of chlorophyll when measured in liquid water. liquid water chlorophyll concentration concentration of chlorophyll in liquid water ENVO:3100037 The concentration of nitrate when measured in sea water. sea water nitrate concentration concentration of nitrate in sea water ENVO:3100038 The concentration of phosphate when measured in sea water. sea water phosphate concentration concentration of phosphate in sea water ENVO:3100039 The concentration of silicic acid when measured in sea water. sea water silicic acid concentration concentration of silicic acid in sea water ENVO:3100040 The concentration of ammonium when measured in sea water. sea water ammonium concentration concentration of ammonium in sea water ENVO:3100041 The concentration of nitrite when measured in sea water. sea water nitrite concentration concentration of nitrite in sea water ENVO:3100042 The concentration of carbon-13 atom when measured in sea water. sea water carbon-13 atom concentration concentration of carbon-13 atom in sea water ENVO:3100043 The concentration of carbon atom when measured in sea water. sea water carbon atom concentration concentration of carbon atom in sea water ENVO:3100044 The concentration of chloroflurocarbon when measured in sea water. sea water chloroflurocarbon concentration concentration of chloroflurocarbon in sea water ENVO:3100045 The concentration of tritium when measured in sea water. sea water tritium concentration concentration of tritium in sea water ENVO:3100046 The concentration of helium-3 when measured in sea water. sea water helium-3 concentration concentration of helium-3 in sea water ENVO:3100047 The concentration of carbon-14 atom when measured in sea water. sea water carbon-14 atom concentration concentration of carbon-14 atom in sea water ENVO:3100048 The concentration of sulfur hexafluoride when measured in sea water. sea water sulfur hexafluoride concentration concentration of sulfur hexafluoride in sea water ENVO:3100049 The concentration of calcium carbonate when measured in sea water. sea water calcium carbonate concentration concentration of calcium carbonate in sea water ENVO:3100060 The concentration of dioxygen when measured in sea water. sea water dioxygen concentration concentration of dioxygen in sea water ENVO:3200002 The concentration of bromine when measured in lake water. lake water bromine concentration concentration of bromine in lake water ENVO:3200003 The concentration of cerium when measured in lake water. lake water cerium concentration concentration of cerium in lake water ENVO:3200004 The concentration of cobalt when measured in lake water. lake water cobalt concentration concentration of cobalt in lake water ENVO:3200005 The concentration of dysprosium when measured in lake water. lake water dysprosium concentration concentration of dysprosium in lake water ENVO:3200006 The concentration of europium when measured in lake water. lake water europium concentration concentration of europium in lake water ENVO:3200007 The concentration of gadolinium when measured in lake water. lake water gadolinium concentration concentration of gadolinium in lake water ENVO:3200008 The concentration of lanthanum when measured in lake water. lake water lanthanum concentration concentration of lanthanum in lake water ENVO:3200009 The concentration of lithium when measured in lake water. lake water lithium concentration concentration of lithium in lake water ENVO:3200010 The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in lake water. lake water methanesulfonic acid concentration concentration of methanesulfonic acid in lake water ENVO:3200011 The concentration of molybdenum when measured in lake water. lake water molybdenum concentration concentration of molybdenum in lake water ENVO:3200012 The concentration of neodymium when measured in lake water. lake water neodymium concentration concentration of neodymium in lake water ENVO:3200013 The concentration of niobium when measured in lake water. lake water niobium concentration concentration of niobium in lake water ENVO:3200014 The concentration of praseodymium when measured in lake water. lake water praseodymium concentration concentration of praseodymium in lake water ENVO:3200015 The concentration of samarium when measured in lake water. lake water samarium concentration concentration of samarium in lake water ENVO:3200016 The concentration of silver when measured in lake water. lake water silver concentration concentration of silver in lake water ENVO:3200017 The concentration of thallium when measured in lake water. lake water thallium concentration concentration of thallium in lake water ENVO:3200018 The concentration of tin when measured in lake water. lake water tin concentration concentration of tin in lake water ENVO:3200019 The concentration of titanium when measured in lake water. lake water titanium concentration concentration of titanium in lake water ENVO:3200020 The concentration of yttrium when measured in lake water. lake water yttrium concentration concentration of yttrium in lake water ENVO:3200021 The concentration of bromine when measured in water ice. water ice bromine concentration concentration of bromine in water ice ENVO:3200022 The concentration of cerium when measured in water ice. water ice cerium concentration concentration of cerium in water ice ENVO:3200023 The concentration of cobalt when measured in water ice. water ice cobalt concentration concentration of cobalt in water ice ENVO:3200024 The concentration of dysprosium when measured in water ice. water ice dysprosium concentration concentration of dysprosium in water ice ENVO:3200025 The concentration of europium when measured in water ice. water ice europium concentration concentration of europium in water ice ENVO:3200026 The concentration of gadolinium when measured in water ice. water ice gadolinium concentration concentration of gadolinium in water ice ENVO:3200027 The concentration of lanthanum when measured in water ice. water ice lanthanum concentration concentration of lanthanum in water ice ENVO:3200028 The concentration of lithium when measured in water ice. water ice lithium concentration concentration of lithium in water ice ENVO:3200029 The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in water ice. water ice methanesulfonic acid concentration concentration of methanesulfonic acid in water ice ENVO:3200030 The concentration of molybdenum when measured in water ice. water ice molybdenum concentration concentration of molybdenum in water ice ENVO:3200031 The concentration of neodymium when measured in water ice. water ice neodymium concentration concentration of neodymium in water ice ENVO:3200032 The concentration of niobium when measured in water ice. water ice niobium concentration concentration of niobium in water ice ENVO:3200033 The concentration of praseodymium when measured in water ice. water ice praseodymium concentration concentration of praseodymium in water ice ENVO:3200034 The concentration of samarium when measured in water ice. water ice samarium concentration concentration of samarium in water ice ENVO:3200035 The concentration of silver when measured in water ice. water ice silver concentration concentration of silver in water ice ENVO:3200036 The concentration of thallium when measured in water ice. water ice thallium concentration concentration of thallium in water ice ENVO:3200037 The concentration of tin when measured in water ice. water ice tin concentration concentration of tin in water ice ENVO:3200038 The concentration of titanium when measured in water ice. water ice titanium concentration concentration of titanium in water ice ENVO:3200039 The concentration of yttrium when measured in water ice. water ice yttrium concentration concentration of yttrium in water ice ENVO:3200040 The concentration of bromine when measured in snow. snow bromine concentration concentration of bromine in snow ENVO:3200041 The concentration of cerium when measured in snow. snow cerium concentration concentration of cerium in snow ENVO:3200042 The concentration of cobalt when measured in snow. snow cobalt concentration concentration of cobalt in snow ENVO:3200043 The concentration of dysprosium when measured in snow. snow dysprosium concentration concentration of dysprosium in snow ENVO:3200044 The concentration of europium when measured in snow. snow europium concentration concentration of europium in snow ENVO:3200045 The concentration of gadolinium when measured in snow. snow gadolinium concentration concentration of gadolinium in snow ENVO:3200046 The concentration of lanthanum when measured in snow. snow lanthanum concentration concentration of lanthanum in snow ENVO:3200047 The concentration of lithium when measured in snow. snow lithium concentration concentration of lithium in snow ENVO:3200048 The concentration of methanesulfonic acid when measured in snow. snow methanesulfonic acid concentration concentration of methanesulfonic acid in snow ENVO:3200049 The concentration of molybdenum when measured in snow. snow molybdenum concentration concentration of molybdenum in snow ENVO:3200050 The concentration of neodymium when measured in snow. snow neodymium concentration concentration of neodymium in snow ENVO:3200051 The concentration of niobium when measured in snow. snow niobium concentration concentration of niobium in snow ENVO:3200052 The concentration of praseodymium when measured in snow. snow praseodymium concentration concentration of praseodymium in snow ENVO:3200053 The concentration of samarium when measured in snow. snow samarium concentration concentration of samarium in snow ENVO:3200054 The concentration of silver when measured in snow. snow silver concentration concentration of silver in snow ENVO:3200055 The concentration of thallium when measured in snow. snow thallium concentration concentration of thallium in snow ENVO:3200056 The concentration of tin when measured in snow. snow tin concentration concentration of tin in snow ENVO:3200057 The concentration of titanium when measured in snow. snow titanium concentration concentration of titanium in snow ENVO:3200058 The concentration of yttrium when measured in snow. snow yttrium concentration concentration of yttrium in snow ENVO:3200059 The concentration of urea when measured in liquid water. liquid water urea concentration concentration of urea in liquid water ENVO:3200060 The concentration of oxygen when measured in soil. soil oxygen concentration concentration of oxygen in soil ENVO:3200061 The concentration of manganese molecular entity when measured in soil. soil manganese molecular entity concentration concentration of manganese molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200062 The concentration of iron molecular entity when measured in soil. soil iron molecular entity concentration concentration of iron molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200063 The concentration of aluminium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil aluminium molecular entity concentration concentration of aluminium molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200064 The concentration of magnesium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil magnesium molecular entity concentration concentration of magnesium molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200065 The concentration of sodium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil sodium molecular entity concentration concentration of sodium molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200066 The concentration of organic nitrogen anion when measured in soil. soil organic nitrogen anion concentration concentration of organic nitrogen anion in soil ENVO:3200067 The concentration of organophosphorus compound when measured in soil. soil organophosphorus compound concentration concentration of organophosphorus compound in soil ENVO:3200068 The concentration of phosphorus molecular entity when measured in soil. soil phosphorus molecular entity concentration concentration of phosphorus molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200069 The concentration of potassium molecular entity when measured in soil. soil potassium molecular entity concentration concentration of potassium molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200070 The concentration of calcium carbonate when measured in soil. soil calcium carbonate concentration concentration of calcium carbonate in soil ENVO:3200071 The concentration of organic molecular entity when measured in soil. soil organic molecular entity concentration concentration of organic molecular entity in soil ENVO:3200072 The concentration of tetraphosphorus decaoxide when measured in soil. soil tetraphosphorus decaoxide concentration concentration of tetraphosphorus decaoxide in soil ENVO:3200073 The concentration of sulfate when measured in soil. soil sulfate concentration concentration of sulfate in soil ENVO:3200074 The concentration of exchangeable potassium when measured in soil. soil exchangeable potassium concentration concentration of exchangeable potassium in soil ENVO:3200075 The concentration of residual water when measured in soil. soil residual water concentration concentration of residual water in soil ENVO:3200076 The concentration of exchangeable calcium when measured in soil. soil exchangeable calcium concentration concentration of exchangeable calcium in soil FAO:0000001 An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus. fungal structure ontology fungal structure FOODON:00001001 orange juice (liquid) FOODON:00001002 Food material for humans and animals which is processed with the intention that it be consumable as a whole or added to other food products. Damion Dooley Foodon product type https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food The FoodOn "food product" class is provided as a branch under which new food product categories and food products themselves can be placed. Here classes are provided to differentiate a food product by its food composition, processing and/or consumption characteristics. This avoids brand name products but it may include generic food dish categories. It has a much greater depth and polyhierarchy than other agency product type schemes have in an effort to group related products together. The upper level basis of this tree originated in the environment ontology (ENVO) and from the US Code of Federal Regulations. food product FOODON:00001003 The juice products which are made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. fermented agave juice FOODON:00001004 This food product type includes food products which are made from fermentation of juice extracted from pressed sugarcane. fermenting sugar cane juice FOODON:00001005 fermenting elaeis palm sap food product FOODON:00001006 A food product made of meat, the skeletal muscle and associated fat, and other edible tissues such as organs, livers, skin, brains, bone marrow, kidneys, or lungs, of mammals. mammalian meat food product FOODON:00001007 A processed meat food product that is made from a sausage. 2022-10-28T11:02:42Z meat sausage food product FOODON:00001008 Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T23:00:48Z SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid with smooth consistency FOODON:03430119 * liver UBERON:0002107 liver paste https://madison.com/lifestyles/chicken-liver-paste-is-still-a-tasty-treat/article_2194b8cb-82b5-5112-9a97-0042571e90d1.html FOODON:00001009 A hot dog is a moist sausage of soft, even texture and flavor, often made from advanced meat recovery or meat slurry. Most types are fully cooked, cured or smoked. It is often placed hot in a special purpose soft, sliced hot dog bun. Damion Dooley hotdog frankfurter hot dog FOODON:00001010 processed meat food product FOODON:00001011 milk formula food product FOODON:00001013 Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese cheese cheese food product FOODON:00001014 A dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogurt Damion Dooley https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Cacik-1.jpg/549px-Cacik-1.jpg yoghourt yoghurt yougert The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as yogurt cultures. The fermentation of lactose by these bacteria produces lactic acid, which acts on milk protein to give yogurt its texture and characteristic tart flavor. yogurt food product FOODON:00001015 This class includes food products which are derived from or produced by a plant. plant food product FOODON:00001016 Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabbage cabbage food product FOODON:00001017 commercial yogurt FOODON:00001019 The liquid extracted from the mashing process during the brewing of beer or whiskey. Wort contains the sugars that will be fermented by the brewing yeast to produce alcohol. wort food product The liquid extracted from the mashing process during the brewing of beer or whiskey. Wort contains the sugars that will be fermented by the brewing yeast to produce alcohol. Wikipedia:Wort_%28brewing%29 FOODON:00001020 beer wort food product FOODON:00001021 acifified beer wort food product FOODON:00001023 Cream component produced by churning and containing not less than 80% milkfat. mammalian milk butter FOODON:00001024 pickled cabbage food product FOODON:00001025 camembert cheese food product FOODON:00001026 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_03301348 obsolete: cane sugar true FOODON:00001027 cheddar cheese food product FOODON:00001028 A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. Brie cheese food product A large disc of smooth, soft, even runny cheese made with cow's milk. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=brie&r=All FOODON:00001029 A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. gouda cheese food product A hard cow's milk cheese with an almost orange yellow paste. Older cheeses are coated in black wax. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=gouda&r=All FOODON:00001031 A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. gorgonzola cheese food product A drum of very rich, creamy, pungent blue-veined cow's milk cheese. It has a white paste with blue veining and a brined rind. It is made in Gorgonzola, near Milan. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=Gorgonzola&r=All FOODON:00001032 A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as "blind." swiss cheese food product A generic cheese common to many countries for several related varieties of cheese which resemble the Swiss Emmental. Three types of bacteria are used in the production of Emmental cheese: Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus, Lactobacillus (L. helveticus or Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus), and Propionibacter (P. freudenreichii or P. shermani). In a late stage of cheese production, the Propionibacter consumes the lactic acid excreted by the other bacteria, and releases carbon dioxide gas, which slowly forms the bubbles that develop the eyes. Swiss cheese without eyes is known as "blind." Wikipedia:Swiss_cheese FOODON:00001033 A semi-hard, yellow cheese that has mild flavor that is slightly buttery. Emmental cheese Emmentaler cheese emmenthal cheese FOODON:00001035 new zealand cheddar cheese food product FOODON:00001036 A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. pont ieveque cheese food product A small, sweetish, soft, square cow's milk cheese from Normandy with a yellowish-orange rind. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=Pont+l%27Eveque&r=All FOODON:00001037 A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. vacherin mont dor cheese food product A disc of soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a soft to runny paste and a smooth, pink rind. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=vacherin+Mont+d%27Or&r=All FOODON:00001038 A food product made from domestic pig meat (Sus domesticus or Sus scrofa scrofa). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork Damion Dooley pork pork meat food product FOODON:00001039 A meat that is preserved by the addition of a combination of salt, sugar, nitrates or nitrite and or is smoked. cured meat food product A meat that is preserved by the addition of a combination of salt, sugar, nitrates or nitrite and or is smoked. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cured_meat FOODON:00001040 chicken meat food product FOODON:00001041 A food product that is derived from some cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z cow food product FOODON:00001045 A frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming; the result is a smoothly textured ice cream. ice cream ice-cream ice cream food product A frozen dessert usually made from dairy products, such as milk and cream, and often combined with fruits or other ingredients and flavours. Most varieties contain sugar, although some are made with other sweeteners. In some cases, artificial flavourings and colourings are used in addition to (or in replacement of) the natural ingredients. This mixture is stirred slowly while cooling to prevent large ice crystals from forming; the result is a smoothly textured ice cream. Wikipedia:Ice_cream FOODON:00001046 A seafood product is a vertebrate or invertibrate organism from an aquatic environment. Some of the subclasses are currently freshwater organisms. Damion Dooley animal seafood product FOODON:00001047 A fermented salty fish of Korean cuisine. obsolete: jeotgal food product true FOODON:00001048 meshanger cheese food product FOODON:00001049 A cut of meat (a meat chop) cut perpendicularly to the spine of the pig and usually containing a rib or part of a vertebra, served as an individual portion. pork chop food product A cut of meat (a meat chop) cut perpendicularly to the spine of the pig and usually containing a rib or part of a vertebra, served as an individual portion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pork_chop FOODON:00001050 A food product having tempeh as a defining ingredient Damion Dooley tempeh food product FOODON:00001051 fermented rice beverage FOODON:00001052 amasake food product FOODON:00001053 fermented dairy food product FOODON:00001054 fermented fish or seafood food product FOODON:00001055 sea water fish food product FOODON:00001056 A food product made from flour. Wikipedia:Flour Damion Dooley flour food product FOODON:00001057 A food product derived from plant fruit. plant fruit food product FOODON:00001058 fruit extract food product FOODON:00001059 Apple juice is a fruit juice made by the maceration and pressing of an apple. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_juice apple juice SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430123 * fruit, peel present, core, pit or seed present FOODON:03420140 apple juice FOODON:00001060 awamori food product FOODON:00001061 Any of certain cuts of meat taken from the sides, belly or back of a pig that may be cured and/or smoked. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon Damion Dooley bacon food product FOODON:00001062 fermented millet food product FOODON:00001063 bantu beer millet beer food product FOODON:00001064 bottled beer food product FOODON:00001065 A class of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mould, and carries a distinct smell. SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * curd FOODON:03420245 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 * interior mold curing process FOODON:03460331 blue cheese food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_blue_cheeses A class of cow's milk, sheep's milk, or goat's milk cheeses that have had Penicillium cultures added so that the final product is spotted or veined throughout with blue, blue-gray or blue-green mould, and carries a distinct smell. Wikipedia:Blue_cheese FOODON:00001067 The liquid left over after producing butter from cream during the churning process. buttermilk food product The liquid left over after producing butter from cream during the churning process. Wikipedia:Buttermilk FOODON:00001069 fermented fruit food product FOODON:00001070 A food produced by fermenting rice, barley and/or soybeans, with salt and the mold koji-kin (Aspergillus oryzae). Damion Dooley SIREN DB annotation: * semisolid FOODON:03430144 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 * fermentation/modification process, multiple component FOODON:03460128 * salted FOODON:03460173 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 * preservation by fermentation FOODON:03470104 miso food product FOODON:00001071 A grape berry food product which is the juice of freshly pressed grapes that contains some amount of pulp, skins, stems, and seeds. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must#Winemaking Grape pomace components typically comprises between 7 to 23 percent of the total weight of must. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Must] grape must FOODON:00001073 A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. vinegar food product A liquid produced from the fermentation of ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient, acetic acid. Wikipedia:Vinegar FOODON:00001074 Vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. barley malt vinegar Vinegar is made by malting barley, causing the starch in the grain to turn to maltose. Wikipedia:Malt_vinegar#Malt FOODON:00001075 mammalian milk (nonfat, dry) FOODON:00001076 Sake is a fermented rice beverage resulting from the fermentation of rice with the mold Aspergillus oryzae and, in parallel, with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae [wikipedia:sake] sake food product FOODON:00001077 salt pork meat food product FOODON:00001078 A food product having fermented soyabeans as a defining ingredient fermented soybean food product FOODON:00001079 Food material which is preserved by soaking and storing it in vinegar or brine. pickled food (pickled) FOODON:00001080 tape kefan food product FOODON:00001081 A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. Bondon cheese food product A soft cheese made with cow's milk. It has a creamy paste and a greyish-red and downy white penicillin rind and is sometimes foil-wrapped. http://www.whatamieating.com/?b=1&d=1&t=main&s=bondon&r=All FOODON:00001082 bitter cheese food product FOODON:00001083 sugar condiment FOODON:00001086 A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. kefir food product A fermented milk drink made from milk. It is prepared by inoculating cow, goat, or sheep's milk with kefir grains, a combination of bacteria and yeasts in a matrix of proteins, lipids, and sugars. This symbiotic matrix forms "grains" that resemble cauliflower. Many different bacteria and yeasts are found in the kefir grains, which are a complex and highly variable community of micro-organisms termed probiotics. Wikipedia:Kefir FOODON:00001087 A lipid material derived from plants. Physically, oils are liquid at room temperature. Damion Dooley vegetable oil food product FOODON:00001088 An oil used as a nutritional supplement and is a traditional European ethnic food, highly regarded for its nutty flavor. 2019-09-19T21:51:42Z langual:H0852 flax oil flax seed oil linseed oil linseed oil Food-grade flaxseed oil is cold-pressed, obtained without solvent extraction, in the absence of oxygen, and marketed as edible flaxseed oil.[wikipedia] flaxseed oil FOODON:00001089 A food product made from milling corn. milled corn food product FOODON:00001090 sour milk beverage FOODON:00001091 dried milk food product FOODON:00001092 A food product which is derived from or produced by an animal that has a vertibrae. Damion Dooley vertebrate animal food product FOODON:00001093 cereal grain food product FOODON:00001094 Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T07:25:19Z alcoholic beverage SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 fermented beverage FOODON:00001096 fermented elaeis palm beverage FOODON:00001097 fermented sugar cane beverage FOODON:00001098 fermented apple fermented apple beverage FOODON:00001099 apple beverage FOODON:00001100 Damion Dooley 2019-06-20T07:47:47Z SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity FOODON:03430109 * acidified FOODON:03460200 * ingredient: water addition process FOODON:03460148 * ingredient: sweetener added FOODON:03460202 * ingredient: flavoring, spice or herb added FOODON:03460227 orange fruit beverage FOODON:00001102 fermented grain beverage FOODON:00001103 This food product type includes beverage products which are made from the fermented sap of the maguey (agave) plant. fermented agave beverage FOODON:00001104 This food product type includes food products which are made from eggs laid by the sea water fish. sea water fish egg food product FOODON:00001105 A food product made from an avian egg. avian egg food product FOODON:00001106 camelid dairy food product FOODON:00001107 bovine dairy food product FOODON:00001111 equine dairy food product FOODON:00001114 zebra dairy food product FOODON:00001118 cattle dairy food product FOODON:00001120 camelid milk beverage FOODON:00001121 equine milk beverage FOODON:00001124 caprine cheese food product FOODON:00001125 ovine cheese food product FOODON:00001126 bovine cheese food product FOODON:00001127 cow milk cheese FOODON:00001128 A very strong smelling, soft cow's milk cheese made by fermentation involving the bacterium Brevibacterium linens. Limburger cheese food product FOODON:00001129 goat milk cheese food product FOODON:00001130 sheep milk cheese food product FOODON:00001131 A food product made from domesticated bird meat. Damion Dooley poultry meat food product FOODON:00001132 Suidae is a family of artiodactyl mammals which are commonly called pigs, hogs or boars. In addition to numerous fossil species, 17 extant species are currently recognized (or 18 counting domestic pigs and wild boars separately), classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as babirusas and warthogs. All suids, or swine, are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia to Europe and Africa. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suidae Damion Dooley porcine meat swine food product FOODON:00001133 A relish, sauce, or seasoning added to food to impart a particular flavour or to complement the dish. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condiment Damion Dooley condiment condiment food product FOODON:00001134 bovine meat food product FOODON:00001135 distilled fermented grain beverage FOODON:00001136 distilled fermented beverage FOODON:00001137 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002265 obsolete: soya food product true FOODON:00001138 A beverage product derived from leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis). Damion Dooley "While fermentation is also referred to in the production of brewed teas, this is inaccurate. Some herbal teas on the market today include probiotic cultures alongside tea leaves to maintain gut health but the tea itself hasn't been fermented. Most dried teas however don't use live cultures at all during production. Instead, harvested tea leaves undergo a natural chemical process known as oxidation, which also changes the color, flavor and level of health benefits in the resulting brew." [https://eatcultured.com/blogs/our-awesome-blog/fermented-tea] tea based beverage product FOODON:00001139 coffee and coffee products coffee based beverage product FOODON:00001140 fruit juice food product FOODON:00001141 2023-05-03T04:59:00Z SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 wheat food product FOODON:00001142 A food product deriving primarily from corn (maize). Damion Dooley maize food product maize (corn) food product FOODON:00001146 tuber solanaceous root food product FOODON:00001147 A food product derived from or produced by a plant root. plant root food product FOODON:00001148 A potato food product is any product derived from potatoes. Damion Dooley potato food product FOODON:00001149 Food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well. confectionery food product FOODON:00001150 cucurbit fruit food product FOODON:00001151 A citrus fruit is botanically classified as a type of berry called a hesperidium that has a thick, leathery rind, with numerous oil glands, and a large flesh portion composed of several wedge-shaped sections. Unlike pome fruit, such as the apple, the citrus fruit is derived from a superior ovary, an ovary completely separate from the calyx. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/hesperidium Damion Dooley citrus citrus fruit food product FOODON:00001152 The fleshy fruit (false berry) of a plant of the family Cucurbitaceae. melon fruit food product FOODON:00001153 muskmelon (Cucumis melo) fruit food product FOODON:00001154 Citrullus lanatus is a plant species in the family Cucurbitaceae, a vine-like (scrambler and trailer) flowering plant originally from sub-Saharan Africa. It is cultivated for its fruit. The subdivision of this species into two varieties, watermelons (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) var. lanatus) and citron melons (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides (L. H. Bailey) Mansf.) Damion Dooley citrullus lanatus fruit food product FOODON:00001155 obsolete: watermelon plant true FOODON:00001156 citrus fruit juice FOODON:00001157 pomaceous fruit juice beverage FOODON:00001158 pomes pomaceous fruit food product FOODON:00001159 fermented pomaceous fruit beverage FOODON:00001160 pomaceous fruit extract FOODON:00001161 citrus fruit extract food product FOODON:00001162 grape extract FOODON:00001163 solanaceous fruit food product FOODON:00001164 A food product deriving from one or more tomatoes. tomato food product FOODON:00001165 solanaceous food product FOODON:00001166 plant inflorescence food product FOODON:00001168 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001264 pulse obsolete: leguminous food product true FOODON:00001169 cruciferous food product FOODON:00001170 grape berry food product FOODON:00001171 cruciferous inflorescence food product FOODON:00001172 The default nut product is a whole, raw nut - meaning that the kernel is whole, and moderately or significantly dried, but not baked. Minimal references to nuts often leave ambiguous whether the shell is on or off. "I ate a peanut" doesn't clarify whether I ate a shell-off nut or whether I did the shelling. Damion Dooley nut food product FOODON:00001173 plant seed food product FOODON:00001174 plant lipid food product FOODON:00001175 plant stem food product FOODON:00001176 invertebrate animal food product FOODON:00001177 A food product with insects as a defining ingredient. insect food product FOODON:00001178 honey food product FOODON:00001180 Food product that is 1) ready or nearly ready for consumption; 2) usually a composite of several foods or ingredients that often belong to distinct product types; 3) usually formulated, mixed and partially or fully cooked. prepared prepared food product FOODON:00001181 Food material which is cooked. Damion Dooley https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooking cooked food (cooked) FOODON:00001182 pickled cruciferous food product FOODON:00001183 A staple food prepared from a dough of flour (usually wheat) and water, usually by baking bread food product FOODON:00001184 This food product type includes food products which are derived from a large, diverse group of photosynthetic organisms. algal food product FOODON:00001185 rice food product FOODON:00001186 buckewheat food product FOODON:00001187 sorghum food product FOODON:00001188 misspelling http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002038 obsolete: milet food product true FOODON:00001189 A food product made from oats. common oat food product oat food product FOODON:00001190 rye food product FOODON:00001191 barley food product FOODON:00001192 A food product made from quinoa quinoa food product FOODON:00001193 fonio food product FOODON:00001194 A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Pisum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume Damion Dooley dry pea food product FOODON:00001195 A product of the dry seeds of Lens culinaris. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00001997 obsolete: lentil food product true FOODON:00001196 A product of the dry seeds of Cajanus cajan. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume pigeon pea (dried) FOODON:00001197 A bambara groundnut food product is a product derived from fresh or dried beans of the bambara groundnut plant. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna_subterranea Damion Dooley Bambara nut Bambara-bean Congo goober earth pea ground-bean hog-peanut bambara groundnut food product FOODON:00001198 A product of the dry seeds of plants of the genus Vicia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume dried fava bean broad bean (dried) FOODON:00001199 A product of the dry seeds of Cicer arietinum. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume garbanzo bean food product Bengal gram Egyptian pea gram chickpea food product FOODON:00001200 A product of the dry seeds of Vigna unguiculata. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume cowpea (pulse) food product FOODON:00001201 A dry bean food product refers to a bean product made from a Phaseolus species plant whose seeds are harvested at complete maturity. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaseolus_vulgaris Damion Dooley kidney, haricot bean (Ph. vulgaris); lima, butter bean (Ph. lunatus); adzuki bean (Ph. angularis); mungo bean, golden, green gram (Ph. aureus); black gram, urd (Ph. mungo); scarlet runner bean (Ph. coccineus); rice bean (Ph. calcaratus); moth bean (Ph. aconitifolius); tepary bean (Ph. acutifolius) FAO notes: "Only species of Phaseolus should be included, though several countries also include certain types of beans. Commonly classified as Vigna (angularis, mungo, radiata, aconitifolia). In the past, these species were also classified as Phaseolus." dry bean food product http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 FOODON:00001202 A bean food product which derives from a winged bean plant (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winged_bean https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 winged bean food product FOODON:00001203 A product of the dry seeds of Vicia sativa. vetch seed (dried) FOODON:00001204 Pachyrhizus erosus, commonly known as jicama Mexican yam bean, or Mexican turnip, is the name of a native Mexican vine, although the name most commonly refers to the plant's edible tuberous root. Jícama is a species in the genus Pachyrhizus in the bean family (Fabaceae). Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as yam bean, although the term "yam bean" can be another name for jícama. In contrast to the root, the remainder of the jícama plant is very poisonous; the seeds contain the toxin rotenone, which is used to poison insects and fish. FAO: The yam bean is a legume but unlike its close relatives the soybean and other beans, the yam bean is cultivated for its large, tuberous roots. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyrhizus_erosus Damion Dooley http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume yam bean food product FOODON:00001205 A product of the dry seeds of Mucuna pruriens var. utilis. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume velvet bean (dried) FOODON:00001206 A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp. lupin seed food product A product of the dry seeds of Lupinus spp. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_%28legume%29 FOODON:00001207 A dry seed of the jack-bean plant. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume jack bean (dried) FOODON:00001208 A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. hyacinth bean food product A product of the dry seeds of Lablab purpureus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_%28legume%29 FOODON:00001209 PULSES are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to 12 grains or seeds of variable size, shape and colour within a pod. They are used for both food and feed. The term "pulses" is limited to crops harvested solely for dry grain, thereby excludingcrops harvested green for food (green peas, green beans, etc.) which are classified as vegetable crops. Also excluded are those crops used mainly for oil extraction (e.g.soybeand and groundnuts) and leguminous crops (e.g. seeds of clover and alfalfa) that are used exclusively for sowing purposes. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/economic/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 Damion Dooley pulse pulses pulse food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume#Classification_of_pulses FOODON:00001210 wheat flour food product FOODON:00001211 A food made from an unleavened dough of wheat or buckwheat flour and water, sometimes with other ingredients such as eggs and vegetable extracts. pasta food product FOODON:00001212 A pastry food product is a food product containing a pastry component. The food may be ready for consumption or may require further cooking. pastry food product A pastry food product is a food product containing a pastry component. The food may be ready for consumption or may require further cooking. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastry FOODON:00001214 A confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavorings and colorants are added. Damion Dooley candy food product FOODON:00001215 A food product derived from Theobroma cacao. cocoa and cocoa products cacao food product FOODON:00001216 A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. sweet cream cream food product A dairy product that is composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream FOODON:00001217 An opague white dairy product produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. mammalian milk beverage An opague white dairy product produced by the mammary glands of female mammals. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk FOODON:00001218 A food product with bees or bee substances as a defining ingredient. bee food product FOODON:00001219 A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. sausage (cooked, smoked) A sausage that is cooked and then smoked or smoke-cooked. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage FOODON:00001220 Sausage which is cured with a food smoking process. sausage (smoked) FOODON:00001221 A raw sausage that is smoked. sausage (raw, smoked) A raw sausage that is smoked. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage FOODON:00001222 A sausage made from meats that have not been previously cured. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage sausage (raw) FOODON:00001223 A cured sausage that is fermented and dried. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage Damion Dooley meat sausage (dried, fermented) FOODON:00001224 A sausage made with fresh meats, and then fully cooked. Damion Dooley meat sausage (cooked) FOODON:00001225 smoked meat food product FOODON:00001229 A cheese product made from traditional cheese and emulsifying salts, often with the addition of milk, more salt, preservatives, and food coloring. processed cheese food product FOODON:00001230 A product made from the seeds of a mustard plant (white or yellow mustard, Sinapis hirta; brown or Indian mustard, Brassica juncea; or black mustard, Brassica nigra). mustard seed food product FOODON:00001231 A salad dressing that is usually mayonnaise-based, but which may also contain yogurt, sour cream, or creme fraiche. creamy salad dressing A salad dressing that is usually mayonnaise-based, but which may also contain yogurt, sour cream, or creme fraiche. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing#Dressings FOODON:00001232 A salad dressing that is an emulsion of a vegetable oil and vinegar, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. vinaigrette dressing food product A salad dressing that is an emulsion of a vegetable oil and vinegar, often flavored with herbs, spices, and other ingredients. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinaigrette FOODON:00001233 nut oil food product FOODON:00001234 A stable emulsion of oil, and vinegar or lemon juice, with many options for embellishment with other herbs and spices. Egg yolk is the traditional emulsifier. mayonnaise food product A stable emulsion of oil, and vinegar or lemon juice, with many options for embellishment with other herbs and spices. Egg yolk is the traditional emulsifier. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayonnaise FOODON:00001235 A condiment produced by fermenting soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae molds along with roasted grain, water, and salt. soy sauce food product A condiment produced by fermenting soybeans with Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus soyae molds along with roasted grain, water, and salt. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_sauce FOODON:00001241 processed pork meat food product FOODON:00001242 A food product that has some spice or herb as a defining ingredient. Damion Dooley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-16T10:14:35Z herb or spice spice or herb FOODON:00001243 animal lipid food product FOODON:00001244 A brewed drink prepared from roasted seeds, commonly called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. Damion Dooley coffee beverage FOODON:00001245 A beverage prepared from the cured leaves of Camellia sinensis by combination with hot or boiling water. Damion Dooley tea beverage (liquid) FOODON:00001246 A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. hot chocolate food product A heated beverage typically consisting of shaved chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and sugar. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_chocolate FOODON:00001247 A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. mate food product A beverage prepated by steeping dry leaves (and twigs) of yerba mate in hot water. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerba_Mate FOODON:00001248 A fish food product includes products made from any fish species (aquatic vertebrate with gills and fins). Damion Dooley fish food product FOODON:00001250 fish egg food product FOODON:00001251 A food product that is derived from some avian animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z avian animal food product FOODON:00001252 animal derived beverage FOODON:00001253 A beverage derived from plants. plant derived beverage FOODON:00001254 plant derived fermented beverage FOODON:00001255 nonfermented plant derived beverage product FOODON:00001256 A dairy food product has mammilian milk or a milk component as an ingredient. Damion Dooley dairy product milk product dairy food product FOODON:00001257 milk or milk based food product FOODON:00001258 Food material which has been fermented. Are all fermented foods considered preserved to some extent? Damion Dooley food (fermented) FOODON:00001259 non-fruit wine food product FOODON:00001260 Beer is a fermented cereal beverage resulting from the fermentation most commonly of malted barley (though wheat, corn, or rice may included), by a yeast, most commonly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and flavored by dried flowers of hops, Humulus lupulus. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer beer beverage FOODON:00001261 A plant food product which derives from one or more vegetables. FAO definition for vegetable: "Vegetables are plants cultivated both as field crops and garden crops, both in the open and under glass." and also: "Vegetables are grouped according to botanic characteristics as follows: leafy or stem vegetables (e.g., cabbage); fruit-bearing vegetables (e.g., melons); flower vegetables (e.g., cauliflowers); root, bulb and tuberous vegetables (e.g., onion); leguminous vegetables (e.g., green peas); other vegetables (e.g., green maize and mushrooms)." vegetable food product FOODON:00001262 Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. botanical fruit food product Mature ovary of a plant, with a fleshy part of the carpel that develops with the seed to attract animals for aid in dispersal. Botanically, nuts are considered fruits. http://eurovoc.europa.eu/drupal/?q=request&amp;uri=http://eurovoc.europa.eu/1115 http://oek1.fao.org/skosmos/agrovoc/en/page/c_3119 http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit FOODON:00001264 A one-celled fruit (pod) usually dehiscing down both sutures, and having the seed attached along a ventral suture. (Roubik 1995) http://www.fao.org/pollination/resources/glossary/en/ legume legume food product FOODON:00001266 camel milk beverage FOODON:00001272 zebra milk beverage FOODON:00001274 A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. Regarding American regulatory aspects of egg products, see this summary: https://www.politico.com/agenda/story/2016/03/crazy-us-chicken-egg-regulation-graphic-000077 egg food product A food consisting of a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals, consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo and its nutrient reserves. Wikipedia:Egg_%28food%29 FOODON:00001275 An avian egg food product having chicken eggs or derivatives as a defining ingredient. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_as_food chicken egg food product FOODON:00001276 Cider, hard apple cider, or hard cider in the US, is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cider Damion Dooley cider apple cider (alcoholic) FOODON:00001277 Orange juice that has not undergone pasteurization. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 orange juice (unpasteurized) FOODON:00001278 A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. cake food product A food that is usually sweet and often baked. Cakes normally combine some kind of flour, a sweetening agent (commonly sugar), a binding agent (generally egg, though gluten or starch are often used by lacto-vegetarians and vegans), fats (usually butter, shortening, or margarine, although a fruit puree such as applesauce is sometimes substituted to avoid using fat), a liquid (milk, water or fruit juice), flavors and some form of leavening agent (such as yeast or baking powder), though many cakes lack these ingredients and instead rely on air bubbles in the dough to expand and cause the cake to rise. Cake is often frosted with buttercream or marzipan, and finished with piped borders and crystallized fruit. Wikipedia:Cake FOODON:00001279 cake icing food product FOODON:00001280 chocolate food product FOODON:00001281 A food involving whipped and cooked milk, sugar and egg yolk mixtures. sweet custard custard dessert food product FOODON:00001282 Beef that has been ground. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_beef beef mince beef mince ground beef hamburger meat minced beef A ground beef product is made of beef that has been finely chopped with a knife or a meat grinder (American English) or mincing machine (British English). Ground beef is used in many recipes including hamburgers and spaghetti Bolognese. beef (ground) FOODON:00001283 A food product that is derived from some poultry. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2025-02-01T09:59:11Z poultry food product FOODON:00001284 duck meat food product FOODON:00001285 goose meat food product FOODON:00001286 A turkey meat food product is any food product made predominantly of turkey parts. Damion Dooley turkey meat food product FOODON:00001288 Cantaloupe (also known as muskmelon (India and the United States), mushmelon, rockmelon (in Australian states and in New Zealand), sweet melon, spanspek (South Africa), or capuchin (Scotland) refers to a variety of the Cucumis melo species in the Cucurbitaceae family. Damion Dooley cantaloup muskmelon cantaloupe fruit food product FOODON:00001289 potato salad food product FOODON:00001290 A sauce for a salad. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salad_dressing#Dressings salad dressing FOODON:00001291 clam food product FOODON:00001292 oyster food product FOODON:00001293 shellfish food product FOODON:00001294 goat milk cheese (unpasteurized) FOODON:00001295 A family of hard Italian cheeses made from sheep milk. Damion Dooley pecorino cheese FOODON:00001296 sheep milk cheese (unpasteurized) FOODON:00001298 unpasteurized camel milk beverage FOODON:00001610 apple condiment FOODON:00001611 apple food product FOODON:00001613 apple vinegar food product FOODON:00001626 Food material which is output of or is part of a home or commercial bakery process. bakery food product FOODON:00001635 A bean vegetable food product is a human or animal food product - such as a snap, shell or dry bean product - derived from the fruit pod, seed, or leaf of one of several genera of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. Note, this was previously labelled "Bean (vegetable) food product". We have been listing both dry and freshly harvested moist beans here, so have broadened the name scope. Damion Dooley bean food product FOODON:00001640 berry food product FOODON:00001665 A broad bean food product is a product derived from the broad bean plant. Damion Dooley broad bean food product FOODON:00001675 cabbage juice food product FOODON:00001696 cattle cured meat food product FOODON:00001714 A food product which normally exists as an ingredient to another food product, rather than eaten on its own, and is more complex than a chemical food component. food product component FOODON:00001747 cocoa beverage FOODON:00001757 common bean food product FOODON:00001771 cow milk based food product FOODON:00001777 cow milk dessert FOODON:00001783 cowpea vegetable food product FOODON:00001800 dairy dessert food product FOODON:00001838 fermented cereal beverage FOODON:00001857 food flavoring or seasoning product FOODON:00001859 linseed food product flaxseed food product FOODON:00001867 A mix or ready made sauce for dipping or adding to food, especially salad. food dressing product FOODON:00001878 frozen dairy dessert FOODON:00001879 frozen dairy food product FOODON:00001891 fruit salad food product FOODON:00001919 grain based vinegar food product FOODON:00002012 lupin lupine bean food product FOODON:00002029 melon food product FOODON:00002035 milk dessert food product FOODON:00002038 millet food product FOODON:00002044 mollusk food product mollusc food product FOODON:00002053 mustard food product FOODON:00002071 orange food product FOODON:00002125 plant based bakery food product FOODON:00002126 plant-based candy FOODON:00002131 plant based refined or partially-refined food product FOODON:00002132 plant based salad food product FOODON:00002139 An edible plant fat or oil product with characteristics that consumers desire such as bland flavour and odour, clear appearance, light colour, stability to oxidation and suitability for frying, and which is the result of a refining process that removes free fatty acids. Damion Dooley plant fat or oil refined food product FOODON:00002141 A plant fruit food product which is labeled (in common language or by regulation) as a vegetable food product. plant fruit as vegetable food product FOODON:00002146 plant product dressing FOODON:00002151 plant seed based bakery food product FOODON:00002153 plant seed vegetable food product FOODON:00002156 A food product deriving from a plant stem or spear part. plant stem or spear food product FOODON:00002157 plant sweetener FOODON:00002158 Food material which is the output of a food preservation process. Damion Dooley preserved food (preserved) FOODON:00002165 organ meat product FOODON:00002175 A prepared hen egg product is a product predominantly made of hen egg that has been cooked and may only require defrosting or reheating for consumption. Damion Dooley prepared chicken egg product FOODON:00002196 refined or partially-refined food product FOODON:00002219 salad food product FOODON:00002252 soft cheese food product FOODON:00002262 soybean condiment FOODON:00002265 soybean seed (field) food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002266 FOODON:00002266 A soybean food product is a product derived from the soybean plant. Damion Dooley soy product soybean food product http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON_00002265 FOODON:00002275 steeped beverage product FOODON:00002300 sweetener food product FOODON:00002301 pork cured meat food product FOODON:00002316 tomato juice food product FOODON:00002333 A vegetable food product containing one or more pickled vegetables. vegetable pickle food product FOODON:00002364 wine or wine-like food product FOODON:00002373 A meal type is the name of an eating occasion that may have location, food type, or other customary contextual features. (Damion's 1st draft definition) Damion Dooley food product by meal type FOODON:00002381 A food product consisting of food material derived primarily from a single organism. Damion Dooley food product by organism FOODON:00002403 Any substance that can be consumed by an organism to satisfy nutritional or other health needs, or to provide a social or organoleptic food experience food foodstuff nourishment sustenance This class is the top of FOODON's main food product hierarchy which is described in the https://www.foodon.org website, and can be searched in lookup services like https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols/ food material FOODON:00002423 agave food product FOODON:00002450 multi-component honey product FOODON:00002454 Food material which has been categorized by a characteristic such as granularity or temperature. Damion Dooley This term was renamed from "food product by quality" to align better with COB "characteristic" label, and as well to disambiguate from other use of "quality" as a food grading. This term is useful for tasks like food inspection where little prior knowledge of how the food came to be is available. Some terms like "food (frozen)" are both a quality descriptor and the output of a process. food material by characteristic FOODON:00002456 Food material which is baked. baked baked food product food (baked) FOODON:00002501 A food product consisting of food material derived from ingredients sourced from multiple organisms. Damion Dooley 2019-01-23T22:40:32Z multi-ingredient The definition of this is being discussed in issue: https://github.com/FoodOntology/foodon/issues/57 Namely, how to characterize the threshold of ingredients that make for multi-component classification? Salt, pepper, spices wouldn't normally make a food multi-component? multi-component food product FOODON:00002645 Food material organized by the process which it results from. Damion Dooley 2019-05-23T23:02:07Z food material by process FOODON:00002663 A food product that is derived from some pig. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-06-14T04:23:35Z pig food product FOODON:00002664 A lipid food product is a food product made primarily of plant or animal fat or oil Damion Dooley 2019-06-11T09:18:41Z fats and oils oils and fats lipid food product FOODON:00002752 A whole dried bean is a bean resulting from natural or mechanical air drying applied to a bean or bean pod. Damion Dooley 2019-06-29T14:48:10Z dried bean bean (dried) http://www.fao.org/es/faodef/fdef04e.htm#4.02 FOODON:00002753 A seed of a bean plant from one of several genera of the flowering plant family (Fabaceae). Damion Dooley's note. This could be enhanced to explicitly state the anatomical parts of a seed - seed coat, cotyledons, embryo etc. Currently the Plant Ontology is not explicit about this yet. Damion Dooley https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-14T07:28:59 bean FOODON:00002762 Bean material which has been cooked. Damion Dooley 2019-07-08T21:47:07Z bean (cooked) FOODON:00002778 A seed of a jack seed plant (Canavalia ensiformis). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canavalia_ensiformis Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T22:17:36 jack bean FOODON:00002779 Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T22:21:16Z jack-bean food product FOODON:00002780 A pigeon pea food product is a food product derived from the pigeon pea plant Damion Dooley 2019-07-09T22:29:17Z pigeon pea food product https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea FOODON:00002781 A seed of a pigeon pea plant (Cajanus cajan). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon_pea https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2019-07-09T22:29:49 pigeon pea FOODON:00002786 A seed of a velvet bean plant (Mucuna pruriens) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legume https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mucuna_pruriens Damion Dooley 2019-07-10T00:00:22 tericopelo bean tericopelo bean velvet bean FOODON:00002787 Damion Dooley 2019-07-10T00:16:38Z vetch food product FOODON:00002791 A seed of a vetch plant. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia Damion Dooley 2019-07-10T01:33:15Z vetch seed FOODON:00002813 Damion Dooley 2019-07-12T17:18:31Z pea food product FOODON:00002819 A liver food product is a food product that derives from one or more liver organs. Damion Dooley 2019-08-02T18:22:37Z liver food product FOODON:00003042 A leaf of a plant that is used for flavoring. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-16T10:14:35Z herb food product FOODON:00003341 A genus of plants in the mustard family (Brassicaceae). The members of the genus are informally known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages, or mustard plants. bok choy vegetable food product bomdong vegetable food product broccolini vegetable food product choy sum vegetable food product collard greens vegetable food product gai lan vegetable food product komatsuna vegetable food product mizuna vegetable food product rutabaga vegetable food product savoy cabbage vegetable food product tatsoi vegetable food product cole crop vegetable food product cruciferous vegetable food product brassica food product FOODON:00003395 2020-09-06T15:59:54Z multi-component wheat food product FOODON:00004156 A bean food product made from velvet bean. 2021-12-24T00:12:16Z velvet bean food product FOODON:00004242 A food product that is derived from some animal. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z animal food product FOODON:00004335 One or more pieces of animals. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z piece(s) of animal FOODON:00004509 A food product made from milling plant material. 2023-10-07T13:41:10Z milled food product FOODON:00004532 One or more pieces of cows. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2023-12-15T22:55:22Z piece(s) of cow FOODON:02000412 One or more pieces of beef. piece(s) of beef FOODON:02020114 A food product that is derived from some duck. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z duck food product FOODON:02020889 Material that derives from some cow. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3410-4655 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 2024-02-12T14:11:19Z This branch isn't necessarily food material cow material FOODON:03301073 SIREN DB annotation: * crystal FOODON:03430143 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * sugar FOODON:03420108 * water removal process FOODON:03460138 * preservation by dehydration or drying FOODON:03470116 sugar (granulated) FOODON:03301103 SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, low viscosity, with small particles FOODON:03430114 * fruit, peel removed, core, pit or seed removed FOODON:03420229 orange juice FOODON:03301227 A seed of a broad bean plant (Vicia faba). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8844-9165 Windsor bean broadbean faba bean fava bean Horse bean field bean tic bean tick bean broad bean FOODON:03301444 SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * part of plant FOODON:03420174 vegetable juice food product FOODON:03301467 A bean substance is a substance made by processing seed from a bean plant. Damion Dooley's note: This class is intended to provide the most generic reference to bean, as it does not imply any more information about the state of a bean - whether it is whole or in fragments, or fragments of several beans, whether it is dry, raw, or cooked etc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bean Damion Dooley SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 bean (whole or pieces) FOODON:03301977 A liquid prepared for consumption, or a product that can be combined with water or milk to make one. Damion Dooley 2019-09-12T00:00:00 beverage food product FOODON:03302001 SIREN DB annotation: * part of animal FOODON:03420164 animal-derived food FOODON:03303220 A food product served during the dessert course of a meal. desert preparation dessert SIREN DB annotation: * ingredient: sugar or sugar syrup added FOODON:03460136 dessert food FOODON:03303380 A food product derived from a spice. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * part of plant FOODON:03420174 spice food product FOODON:03303909 A cultured dairy product is a fermented dairy product in which a microbial starter was introduced to the fermentation process. SIREN DB annotation: * milk (mammary secretion) UBERON:0001913 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 cultured dairy product FOODON:03304497 SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 edible seed food product FOODON:03305536 SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * sugar syrup or syrup solids FOODON:03420271 * ingredient: honey added FOODON:03460149 honey blend table syrup FOODON:03307345 SIREN DB annotation: * crystal FOODON:03430143 * fully heat-treated FOODON:03440014 * white sugar FOODON:03420157 sugar (refined) FOODON:03307539 Food material which has been dried. SIREN DB annotation: * water removal process FOODON:03460138 * preservation by dehydration or drying FOODON:03470116 food (dried) FOODON:03310006 SIREN DB annotation: * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 fermented bean product FOODON:03310387 SIREN DB annotation: * liquid, high viscosity, with no visible particles FOODON:03430139 * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 oil FOODON:03310646 A seed of a legume plant in the family Fabaceae. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2020-10-21T09:28:28 SIREN DB annotation: * whole, natural shape FOODON:03430150 * not heat-treated FOODON:03440003 * seed (anatomical part) FOODON:03420155 legume FOODON:03311737 processed food product FOODON:03315150 SIREN DB annotation: * milk (mammary secretion) UBERON:0001913 mammalian milk product FOODON:03315173 A fish product is a home-made or commercially produced or retail or wholesale product containing substantial amounts of freshwater or saltwater fish and/or shellfish flesh. Note that this category should avoid items that mention a particular species of fish or shellfish. Damion Dooley SIREN DB annotation: * skeletal meat part FOODON:03420175 fish product (unspecified species) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_products FOODON:03315302 SIREN DB annotation: * seed, skin present, germ present FOODON:03420133 * microbial/enzymatic modification process FOODON:03460119 * curing or aging process FOODON:03460253 cocoa food product FOODON:03315552 juice juice beverage FOODON:03315904 A food product that is highly seasoned minced meat and is encased in a skin in the shape of a cylinder. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage sausage SIREN DB annotation: * whole, shape achieved by forming FOODON:03430147 * meat part of animal FOODON:03420103 * ingredient: flavoring, spice or herb added FOODON:03460227 meat sausage FOODON:03315925 SIREN DB annotation: * solid FOODON:03430151 * meat part of animal FOODON:03420103 pate FOODON:03316079 SIREN DB annotation: * liquid FOODON:03430130 * heat-treated FOODON:03440022 * part of plant FOODON:03420174 * steeping FOODON:03450036 herbal infusion FOODON:03316271 SIREN DB annotation: * sugar FOODON:03420108 sugar product FOODON:03316579 SIREN DB annotation: * part of plant FOODON:03420174 multi-component plant food product FOODON:03316694 SIREN DB annotation: * fat or oil FOODON:03420190 vegetable fat food product FOODON:03317170 A meat product is a product organized by the form of - or processing done to - its meat component (a skeletal meat part of an animal or crustacean). SIREN DB annotation: * animal body or body part FOODON:03420127 meat (whole or pieces) FOODON:03400115 Natural cheese, cured or uncured, cheese product (which is further processed), or cheese product analog. cheese or cheese product (us cfr) FOODON:03400143 Fruit in all forms; includes fruit juices and fruit juice drinks, fruit butters, jellies, preserves, and related products. pie filling, fruit fruit or fruit product (us cfr) FOODON:03400147 Food product having functional characteristics similar to milk or milk products, including cream product analogs, margarine, and milk analogs. Certain alternate ingredients are substituted for those components that are responsible for specific functional properties. milk or milk product analog (us cfr) FOODON:03400148 Milk in all forms, milk-based beverage, cultured milk product, or milk or milk product analog. Index infant formula under *MEAL REPLACEMENT*. milk or milk product (us cfr) FOODON:03400155 Semisolid or jelled food prepared from fruit or fruit juice and other ingredients prescribed for the individual products (21 CFR 150). fruit butter, jelly, preserve or related product (us cfr) FOODON:03400164 Milk, a product derived from milk, or a dairy product analog; includes cheese and frozen dairy desserts. [FDA CFSAN 1995] dairy product (us cfr) FOODON:03400187 Cheese made from milk or milk components, such as cream, by the following process: (1) produce curd through coagulation of milk by bacterial action and/or enzymes and/or acidification and draining of whey. (2) For cured cheese only: cure the curd. Excludes products made through further processing, such as comminuting (see *CHEESE PRODUCT*). natural cheese (us cfr) FOODON:03400188 Candy or other food product made with sweeteners and frequently containing nuts, fruits, starches, flavorings and other foods (21 CFR 170.3(n)(9). [FDA CFSAN 1995] confectionery (us cfr) FOODON:03400204 Food product prepared by heating a mixture of sweeteners and other optional ingredients according to the specific formula for each subgroup. candy (us cfr) FOODON:03400209 Jelled product made from one or more fruit juices and optional ingredients. Includes both fruit jelly, which may be sweetened with nutritive carbohydrate sweeteners, (21 CFR 150.140), and artificially sweetened fruit jelly (21 CFR 150.141). The finished fruit jelly must have a soluble solid content of no less than 65% and the ratio by weight of the fruit ingredient to sweetener in the starting mixture must be no less than 45:55. Artificially sweetened fruit jelly must contain no less than 55% fruit ingredient by weight. fruit jelly (us cfr) FOODON:03400213 Soft candy prepared by boiling milk, sugar, salt and optional ingredients to the soft-ball stage (238 degrees F.). fudge (us cfr) FOODON:03400231 Food product having functional characteristics similar to those of butter; it is in plastic form or liquid emulsion and contains not less than 80% fat whose origin is vegetable or rendered animal carcass fats or a mixture of these as well as other optional ingredients specified by 21 CFR 166.110. margarine (us cfr) FOODON:03400257 Fruits and vegetables in all forms. [FDA CFSAN 1995] fruit or vegetable product (us cfr) FOODON:03400289 Food group having common consumption, functional or manufacturing characteristics, e.g. *FRUIT OR VEGETABLE PRODUCT*, *DAIRY PRODUCT*, *CONFECTIONARY*, *PREPARED FOOD PRODUCT*, etc. [FDA CFSAN 1995] LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. USA agency food product type FOODON:03400293 Candy prepared by cooking a mixture of water, sugars and optional ingredients to a temperature of 250 degrees F. or less. soft candy (us cfr) FOODON:03400294 A food product having functional characteristics similar to a butter product; it may be nutritionally equivalent or inferior to the product it purports to resemble. butter substitute butter, imitation imitation butter butter product analog (us cfr) FOODON:03400352 Renamed from *PRODUCT TYPE, CODEX ALIMENTARIUS* in LanguaL 2008. LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. international agency food product type FOODON:03400356 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. European Union agency food product type FOODON:03400361 An agency food product type is a class of food product defined by an agency or consortium. Damion Dooley This class is designed to hold 3rd party food classification schemes which are being mapped to FoodOn classes using the 'has member' relation. The two hierarchies are not melded into a subclass polyhierarchy because of possible logical inconsistencies in the agency schemes. The hierarchies of agency schemes are as true to their agency representation as possible. agency food product type FOODON:03400643 Codex Alimentarius, Volume 2 - 1993, Section 2: Pesticide Residues in Food. The Codex Classification of food and animal feed commodities moving in trade and the description of the various items and groups of food and animal feedstuffs included in the present document have been developed by the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. It was first adopted by the 18th Session of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, (1989). The Codex Classification includes food commodities and animal feedstuffs for which Codex maximum residue limits will not necessarily be established. The Classification is intended to be as complete a listing of food commodities in trade as possible, classified into groups on the basis of the commodity's similar potential for pesticide residues. The Classification may also be appropriate for other purposes such as setting maximum levels for other types of residues or for other contaminants in food. The Codex Classification should be consulted in order to obtain a precise description of the food or animal feed commodities and, especially, in cases where Codex maximum residue limits have been set for groups of food and groups of animal feedstuffs. The Codex Classification is intended to promote harmonization of the terms used to describe commodities which are subject to maximum residue limits and of the approach to grouping commodities with similar potential for residue for which a common group maximum residue limit can be set. LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. Codex Alimentarius classification of food and feed commodities FOODON:03400644 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. a. primary food commodities of plant origin (ccpr) FOODON:03400650 Vegetables are foods derived from many different kinds of plants mostly annual and usually cultivated, commonly known by custom and tradition as "vegetables". In several countries, some of these commodities grown on large areas are distinguished as "field crops" or arable crops e.g. sugar beet. For the sake of convenience in this guide such crops are classified under Type 2 Vegetables. Exposure to pesticides is dependent on the particular part of the plant used for food and the growing practices. Vegetables may be consumed in whole or in part and in the form of fresh, dried or processed foods. 02 vegetables (ccpr) FOODON:03400680 Pulses are derived from the mature seeds naturally or artificially dried, of leguminous plants known as beans (dry) and peas (dry). The seeds in the pods are protected from most pesticides applied during the growing season except pesticides which show a systemic action. The dried beans and peas however are often exposed to post-harvest treatments. The dry pulses are consumed after processing or household cooking. 015 pulses (vd) (ccpr) FOODON:03400777 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. eurofir food classification FOODON:03400801 The group includes marine or freshwater fish, molluscs, crustaceans, and other fauna such as reptiles, insects or frogs not in the “Meats” group. The group also includes seafood product analogs and seafood-based sausage or luncheon meat as well as such products as squid ink and clam juice. seafood or related product (eurofir) FOODON:03400803 Includes fish offal; a food product whose predominant constituent is fish (e.g. dried and salted fish, smoked fish, canned fish, pickled fish, restructured fish and fish analogues, surimi; fish paste, pâté). seafood product (eurofir) FOODON:03400840 Alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverage; excludes milk and milk-based beverages. beverage (non-milk) (eurofir) FOODON:03400842 Beverage containing no more than 0.5% alcohol; it may be flavoured, sweetened or carbonated; includes soft drinks and steeped beverages; excludes milk in all forms, fruit juices and vegetable juices. non alcoholic beverage (eurofir) FOODON:03400845 Beverage prepared by extracting flavour and other components from food sources by percolation and/or immersion in water, usually at near-boiling temperature. The group includes coffee (e.g. instant coffee, coffee and chicory essence), tea, herbal tea (e.g. green tea, black tea, tisane), cocoa beverage and beverage powder. infusion steeped beverage LanguaL curation note: Renamed from *COFFEE, TEA, COCOA (EUROFIR)* (LanguaL 2010). coffee, tea, cocoa or infusion (eurofir) FOODON:03400852 EFG group 32, Eurocode-2 group 12. LanguaL curation note: Use for foods and ingredients that could not fit into any of the above classes. miscellaneous food product (eurofir) FOODON:03400861 This subgroup includes multicomponent meals, sauces, retail salads, desserts, soups, snacks and other foods where similarity of the product type is more significant than the source of the principal ingredient(s). soup, sauce or miscellaneous food product prepared food product (eurofir) FOODON:03400865 A liquid food made by simmering meat, poultry, seafood or vegetables, being clear or thickened to the consistency of a thin puree or having milk or cream added, and often containing pieces of solid food such as meat, shellfish, pasta or vegetables. Soup takes precedence over other food products. Examples are egg and lemon soup, oxtail soup, fish soup, rice soup, lentil soup, minestrone, cherry soup. soup (eurofir) FOODON:03400874 The Global System 1 (GS1) Global Product Classification (GPC) is a system that gives buyers and sellers a common language for grouping products in the same way, everywhere in the world.$br/$ The GS1 GPC classification in facet A is currently updated based on June 2017 release of GS1 GPC Standard for Food/Beverage/Tobacco, except for codes pertaining to tobacco. See the GS1 site for details [https://www.gs1.org/standards/gpc]. GS1 Global Product Classification (GPC) FOODON:03400960 50220000 - cereal/grain/pulse products (gs1 gpc) FOODON:03400969 50221200 - processed cereal products (gs1 gpc) FOODON:03401061 50190000 - prepared/preserved foods (gs1 gpc) FOODON:03401095 50192900 - pasta/noodles (gs1 gpc) FOODON:03401270 Food and Drugs, title 21, Code of Federal Regulations. Original food classification in LanguaL. langual:A1270 LanguaL curation note: This term is for CLASSIFICATION ONLY; DO NOT USE term in indexing. Use a more precise narrower term. U.S. code of federal regulations, title 21 food product type https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=87f720ce0d0b6c4548f4bbfd1f8e4c3d&mc=true&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title21/21chapterI.tpl FOODON:03411009 polysaccharide-producing plant FOODON:03411013 plant used for producing extract or concentrate FOODON:03411016 starch-producing plant FOODON:03411048 carbohydrate-producing plant FOODON:03412344 amorphophallus konjac amorphophallus rivieri hydrosme rivieri leopard palm devils tongue plant FOODON:03412637 amorphophallus rivieri var. konjac konjac plant FOODON:03420108 A broad term that includes the nutritive sweeteners dextrose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose and sucrose, which are simple carbohydrates with molecules composed of one or two saccharide units. Note that on a product label or in a recipe, 'sugar' means *SUCROSE* and should be so indexed. Use the broad term *SUGAR* only if the specific sugar used is not known or not listed in the vocabulary. sugar FOODON:03420116 Anatomical or other part(s) or substances derived from plant or animal or fungal organisms. This was renamed from "part of organism" (and from LanguaL's original "part of plant or animal") to encompass organism material that is produced by an animal or plant rather than "part of" it, such as an egg, and might not be countable per se, such as milk. Additionally the existing definition's "from which a food product or its major ingredient is derived." was removed as an unnecessary constraint. [2023/03/02] LanguaL curation note: "e.g. *LEAF*, *ROOT OR TUBER*, *ORGAN MEAT*, *MILK* OR *EGG*; it also includes components of parts, such as *CREAM*, and extracts, concentrates or isolates, such as *PROTEIN EXTRACT* or *SUGAR*." organism material FOODON:03420152 Extract, concentrate or isolate high in sugar, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide. carbohydrate extract, concentrate, or isolate FOODON:03420156 Soft sugar whose crystals are covered by a film of refined dark syrup that imparts color, flavor, and moisture. langual:C0156 brown sugar FOODON:03420164 Material that derives from some animal. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-8866 2023-08-01T21:25:29Z Langual note: Includes eggs and milk that, although separated from the animal, are produced as integral parts and are affected by the animal's food intake and metabolism. This branch isn't necessarily food material animal material FOODON:03420228 A physical-chemical component separated from the food source or its parts by extraction, centrifugation, filtration, heat processing, expressing or a similar process. The separated component may be converted through further processing. If this is done, the final substance is indexed. A water-extracted component may remain in aqueous dispersion. The extract, concentrate or isolate is indexed in preference to the anatomic part from which it is derived. For example, peanut oil is indexed under *PEANUT* combined wih *FAT OR OIL* rather than with *SEED OR KERNEL*. On the other hand, fruit and vegetable juices can be indexed under *FRUIT JUICE OR NECTAR* or *VEGETABLE JUICE* (A. PRODUCT TYPE); therefore the anatomic part of the plant should be indexed. langual:C0228 Damion Dooley's note: Items in this branch will be merged into foodon food product branch. extract, concentrate or isolate of plant or animal FOODON:03420244 The serum or watery part of milk that is separated from the thicker or more coagulable part or curd, espcially in the process of making cheese; it contains lactose, minerals and lactalbumin. whey mammalian milk whey FOODON:03420307 The oil produced by pressing or extracting lipids from plant seeds (e.g. grapeseed oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil) /AM seed oil FOODON:03430109 A liquid that flows very easily at room temperature. thin liquid Examples are: water, apple juice, sherry, acidophilus milk, whipping cream and some heavy liqueurs. The range of low viscosity liquid spans sucrose solutions between 0 and 45% solids (viscosity range from 1 to 10 centipoise). Prefer 'solid pieces' factor term to 'small particles' if both appear in the food. food (liquid, low viscosity) FOODON:03430130 A state of matter between a solid and a gas, in which a substance has the capacity to flow and conforms to the shape of the container. fluid Liquids range from water to honey, corresponding to a range in viscosity (or apparent viscosity) from 1 to 500 centipoise (viscosity is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow). Products that are pourable but have a higher viscosity are *SEMILIQUID*. food (liquid) FOODON:03460156 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_83163 obsolete: molasses added true FOODON:03460177 This disjunction is provided for food indexers who used the LanguaL category per guidelines. Currently, by specifying the more specific nut or seed as ingredient instead, this category can be inferred. nut or seed added langual:H0177 LanguaL curation note: With the exception of peanut (see *PEANUT OR PEANUT BUTTER ADDED*), used when a nut or seed ingredient is the second ingredient in order of predominance. plant seed or nut food product FOODON:03460231 chocolate or cocoa added LanguaL curation note: Used when chocolate or cocoa is added at any level or when chocolate is used as a coating. chocolate or cocoa FOODON:03460263 A fat or oil derived from vegetable material vegetable fat or oil added Damion Dooley langual:H0263 This is a convenience class inherited from LanguaL vegetable fat or oil GO:0003008 system process GO:0006091 generation of precursor metabolites and energy GO:0007588 excretion GO:0007610 behavior GO:0007631 feeding behavior GO:0008150 A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. biological process physiological process single organism process single-organism process biological_process GO:0008152 metabolic process GO:0009058 biosynthetic process GO:0009060 aerobic respiration GO:0009061 anaerobic respiration GO:0009987 cellular process GO:0015947 methane metabolic process GO:0015948 envoPolar methanogenesis GO:0015975 energy derivation by oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds GO:0015979 envoPolar photosynthesis GO:0015980 energy derivation by oxidation of organic compounds GO:0019329 ammonia oxidation GO:0019331 envoPolar anaerobic respiration, using ammonium as electron donor GO:0019332 envoPolar aerobic respiration, using nitrite as electron donor GO:0019409 envoPolar aerobic respiration, using ammonia as electron donor GO:0019410 aerobic respiration, using carbon monoxide as electron donor GO:0019411 envoPolar aerobic respiration, using ferrous ions as electron donor GO:0019412 envoPolar aerobic respiration, using hydrogen as electron donor GO:0019414 envoPolar aerobic respiration, using sulfur or sulfate as electron donor GO:0019646 aerobic electron transport chain GO:0022900 electron transport chain GO:0022904 respiratory electron transport chain GO:0032501 multicellular organismal process GO:0042755 eating behavior GO:0043446 alkane metabolic process GO:0043447 alkane biosynthetic process GO:0043554 aerobic respiration, using arsenite as electron donor GO:0044281 small molecule metabolic process GO:0045333 cellular respiration GO:0120251 hydrocarbon biosynthetic process GO:0120252 hydrocarbon metabolic process IAO:0000005 A directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved. objective specification IAO:0000007 A directive information entity that describes an action the bearer will take. action specification IAO:0000027 An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data item IAO:0000030 A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. information content entity 1 IAO:0000032 A scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label. scalar measurement datum IAO:0000033 An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. directive information entity IAO:0000100 A data item that is an aggregate of other data items of the same type that have something in common. Averages and distributions can be determined for data sets. data set IAO:0000101 An image is an affine projection to a two dimensional surface, of measurements of some quality of an entity or entities repeated at regular intervals across a spatial range, where the measurements are represented as color and luminosity on the projected on surface. image IAO:0000104 A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified. plan specification IAO:0000109 A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. measurement datum IAO:0000308 An information content entity consisting of a two dimensional arrangement of information content entities such that the arrangement itself is about something. figure IAO:0000582 time stamped measurement datum IAO:0000584 A data set that is an aggregate of data recording some measurement at a number of time points. The time series data set is an ordered list of pairs of time measurement data and the corresponding measurement data acquired at that time. time sampled measurement data set GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root NCBITaxon:1 all NCBITaxon:10239 Viruses NCBITaxon:104431 Obtectomera NCBITaxon:106220 Mytiloidea NCBITaxon:1117 blue-green algae blue-green bacteria cyanophytes Cyanobacteria Cyanophycota Cyanophyta Oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria Oxyphotobacteria cyanobacteria Cyanobacteriota NCBITaxon:1118 Chroococcales NCBITaxon:1121 Coccochloris Aphanothece NCBITaxon:1125 Microcystis Microcystis <cyanobacteria> NCBITaxon:1126 Micraloa aeruginosa Microcystis aeruginosa NCBITaxon:1150 Oscillatoriales NCBITaxon:1158 Plaxonema Oscillatoria NCBITaxon:1161 Nostocales NCBITaxon:1162 Nostocaceae NCBITaxon:1163 Anabaena NCBITaxon:1175 Aphanizomenon NCBITaxon:117558 Bathymodiolinae NCBITaxon:117570 Teleostomi NCBITaxon:117571 bony vertebrates Euteleostomi NCBITaxon:1177 Amorphonostoc Nostoc NCBITaxon:1198 Phormidium NCBITaxon:1205 Trichodesmium NCBITaxon:1206794 Ecdysozoa NCBITaxon:1206795 Lophotrochozoa NCBITaxon:12965 Bathymodiolus NCBITaxon:1301283 Oscillatoriophycideae NCBITaxon:13100 junipers Juniperus NCBITaxon:131221 charophyte/embryophyte group Charophyta/Embryophyta group Streptophytina GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms NCBITaxon:131567 biota NCBITaxon:1316646 Salicornioideae NCBITaxon:1329799 Archosauria-Testudines Testudines + Archosauria group Archelosauria NCBITaxon:133551 Eleutherozoa NCBITaxon:1338369 Dipnotetrapodomorpha NCBITaxon:13468 cypress Cupressus NCBITaxon:1437010 Boreotheria Boreoeutheria NCBITaxon:1437180 Acrogymnospermae NCBITaxon:1437183 Mesangiospermae NCBITaxon:1437197 Petrosaviidae NCBITaxon:1437201 Pentapetalae NCBITaxon:1446379 Cupressales NCBITaxon:1583079 Erebinae NCBITaxon:169697 Arecoideae NCBITaxon:169705 Cocoeae Cocoseae NCBITaxon:169729 Elaeidinae NCBITaxon:1783272 Terrabacteria group Firmacutes Firmicuteota Firmicutes Firmicutes corrig. Gibbons and Murray 1978 (Approved Lists 1980) Terrabacteria Terrabacterida Bacillati NCBITaxon:1798711 Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria group NCBITaxon:1804623 Chenopodiaceae NCBITaxon:1890449 Microcystaceae NCBITaxon:1890450 Aphanothecaceae NCBITaxon:1892252 Microcoleae Microcoleaceae NCBITaxon:1892254 Phormidiaceae Oscillatoriaceae NCBITaxon:1892259 Aphanizomenonaceae NCBITaxon:190523 Laguncularia NCBITaxon:190524 Conocarpus racemosus Laguncularia racemosa NCBITaxon:1955150 Acrididea NCBITaxon:197562 Pancrustacea NCBITaxon:197563 mandibulates Mandibulata NCBITaxon:2 eubacteria Bacteria (ex Cavalier-Smith 1987) Bacteria Woese et al. 2024 Bacteriobiota Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota Prokaryotae bacteria prokaryote prokaryotes Bacteria NCBITaxon:207598 Homo/Pan/Gorilla group Homininae NCBITaxon:2116530 Salicornia subgen. Amerocornia NCBITaxon:2157 Archaea NCBITaxon:2696291 Ochrophyta NCBITaxon:2697495 Spiralia NCBITaxon:2698737 SAR supergroup Sar NCBITaxon:27549 band-winged grasshoppers Locustinae Oedipodinae GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota NCBITaxon:2759 eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2785011 Autobranchia NCBITaxon:2821351 Conifers II NCBITaxon:2836 bacillariophytes diatoms Diatomea Diatomeae Diatomophyceae algae diatoms Bacillariophyta NCBITaxon:2864 dinoflagellates dinophytes Chromophyta Dinoflagellata Dinophycidae Dinophyta Pyrrhophyta Pyrrophyta algae dinoflagellates Dinophyceae NCBITaxon:2910 Peridiniales NCBITaxon:301957 Modiolinae NCBITaxon:301959 Mytilinae NCBITaxon:3028117 Gloeobacteria Cyanophyceae NCBITaxon:314146 Euarchontoglires NCBITaxon:314293 Anthropoidea Simiiformes NCBITaxon:314295 ape apes Hominoidea NCBITaxon:3193 higher plants land plants plants land plants Embryophyta NCBITaxon:32523 tetrapods Tetrapoda NCBITaxon:32524 amniotes Amniota NCBITaxon:32525 Theria Theria <mammals> NCBITaxon:32561 diapsids Diapsida Sauria NCBITaxon:33090 Chlorophyta/Embryophyta group chlorophyte/embryophyte group green plants Chlorobionta Chloroplastida green plants Viridiplantae NCBITaxon:3313 Coniferales Pinidae GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta NCBITaxon:33154 Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33208 metazoans multicellular animals Animalia animals Metazoa NCBITaxon:33213 Bilateria NCBITaxon:33317 Protostomia NCBITaxon:33340 Neoptera NCBITaxon:33341 Orthopteroidea Polyneoptera NCBITaxon:33392 Holometabola Endopterygota NCBITaxon:33511 deuterostomes Deuterostomia NCBITaxon:33630 alveolates Alveolata NCBITaxon:33634 heterokonts Chromophyta Heterokonta Straminipila Stramenopiles NCBITaxon:3367 cypress family Taxodiaceae Cupressaceae NCBITaxon:3398 angiosperms flowering plants Angiospermae Magnoliophyta flowering plants Magnoliopsida NCBITaxon:3524 Centrospermae Caryophyllales NCBITaxon:35493 Streptophyta NCBITaxon:365482 Sarcocornia pacifica Salicornia pacifica NCBITaxon:3699 Capparales Brassicales NCBITaxon:37267 migratory bird locusts spur-throated grasshoppers spur-throated locusts Cyrtacanthacridinae NCBITaxon:37567 Ditrysia NCBITaxon:37570 Noctuoidea NCBITaxon:376913 Haplorrhini NCBITaxon:3954 Indian almond family Combretaceae NCBITaxon:40255 horsemussels Modiolus NCBITaxon:403651 Pfiesteriaceae NCBITaxon:40551 Areciflorae Arecales NCBITaxon:40674 mammals mammals Mammalia NCBITaxon:41191 Glossata NCBITaxon:41196 Neolepidoptera NCBITaxon:41197 Heteroneura NCBITaxon:41377 Avicennia NCBITaxon:41378 black mangrove Avicennia nitida Bontia germinans Avicennia germinans NCBITaxon:4143 Lamiales NCBITaxon:4185 Acanthaceae NCBITaxon:41944 Myrtanae Myrtales NCBITaxon:436486 dinosaur dinosaurs Dinosauria NCBITaxon:436489 Saurischia NCBITaxon:436491 Theropoda NCBITaxon:436492 Coelurosauria NCBITaxon:4434 Bataceae NCBITaxon:4435 Batis Batis <eudicots> NCBITaxon:4436 Batis maritima NCBITaxon:4447 monocots monocotyledons Monocotyledoneae monocots Liliopsida NCBITaxon:44822 Polycystis viridis Microcystis viridis NCBITaxon:46104 Arthrocnemum Sarcocornia Salicornia NCBITaxon:465832 Calyptra NCBITaxon:4710 Palmae palm family palms Arecaceae NCBITaxon:4734 Commelinidae Commeliniflorae commelinids GC_ID:1 PMID:11062127 PMID:12684019 fungi ncbi_taxonomy Mycota fungi NCBITaxon:4751 Fungi NCBITaxon:4751 fungi fungi NCBITaxon:50557 insects true insects insects Insecta NCBITaxon:51952 Elaeis NCBITaxon:51953 African oil palm Elaeis guineensis NCBITaxon:54304 Oscillatoria sect. Prolificae Planktothrix NCBITaxon:58019 Coniferopsida Pinopsida NCBITaxon:58023 vascular plants vascular plants Tracheophyta NCBITaxon:58024 seed plants seed plants Spermatophyta NCBITaxon:6072 Eumetazoa NCBITaxon:6073 cnidarians coelenterates Coelenterata cnidarians Cnidaria NCBITaxon:6101 anthozoans anthozoans Anthozoa NCBITaxon:624272 Avicenniaceae Avicennioideae NCBITaxon:6447 molluscs mollusks molluscs Mollusca NCBITaxon:6544 bivalves Lamellibranchiata Pelecypoda bivalves Bivalvia NCBITaxon:6545 Pteriomorpha Pteriomorphia NCBITaxon:6546 Mytiloida Mytilida NCBITaxon:6547 Mytilidae NCBITaxon:6548 Mytilus NCBITaxon:6656 arthropods arthropods Arthropoda NCBITaxon:695564 Erebidae NCBITaxon:6960 hexapods Atelocerata Tracheata Uniramia hexapods Hexapoda NCBITaxon:6993 Saltatoria grasshoppers, crickets, & katydids Orthoptera NCBITaxon:7001 grasshoppers and locusts grasshoppers Caelifera NCBITaxon:7002 short-horned grasshoppers Acrididae NCBITaxon:7003 Locusta NCBITaxon:7004 migratory locust Locusta migratoria NCBITaxon:7008 Schistocerca NCBITaxon:7010 desert locust Locusta gregaria Schistocerca gregaria NCBITaxon:7088 butterflies and moths moths moths Lepidoptera NCBITaxon:70910 Acridomorpha NCBITaxon:71000 Pfiesteria NCBITaxon:71240 Dicotyledoneae dicots dicotyledons eudicots eudicotyledons NCBITaxon:71274 Asteridae asterids NCBITaxon:71275 Rosidae rosids NCBITaxon:7496 Pterygota winged insects Pterygota <insects> NCBITaxon:7586 echinoderms echinoderms Echinodermata NCBITaxon:7624 Echinozoa NCBITaxon:7705 holothurians sea cucumbers Holothurioidea sea cucumbers Holothuroidea NCBITaxon:7711 chordates chordates Chordata NCBITaxon:7742 Vertebrata vertebrates vertebrates Vertebrata <vertebrates> NCBITaxon:7776 Gnathostomata jawed vertebrates Gnathostomata <vertebrates> NCBITaxon:78536 euphyllophytes Euphyllophyta NCBITaxon:8287 Sarcopterygii NCBITaxon:8457 sauropsids Sauropsida NCBITaxon:8492 Archosauria NCBITaxon:85512 Dicondylia NCBITaxon:85604 Amphiesmenoptera NCBITaxon:8782 birds avian birds Aves NCBITaxon:88770 Panarthropoda NCBITaxon:89593 Craniata Craniata <chordates> NCBITaxon:91827 core eudicots core eudicotyledons Gunneridae NCBITaxon:91836 malvids NCBITaxon:91888 euasterids I lamiids NCBITaxon:92621 Acridoidea NCBITaxon:9347 eutherian mammals placental mammals placentals Placentalia placentals Eutheria NCBITaxon:9443 primate Primata primates Primates NCBITaxon:9526 Catarrhini NCBITaxon:9604 great apes Pongidae Hominidae NCBITaxon:9605 humans Homo NCBITaxon:9606 human Homo sapiens OBI:0000011 A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. planned process OBI:0000047 Is a material entity that is created or changed during material processing. processed material OBI:0000401 An environmental control function is a function that regulates a contained environment within specified parameter ranges. For example the control of light exposure, humidity and temperature. environment control function OBI:0000967 A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time container container OBI:0000968 A material entity that is designed to perform a function in a scientific investigation, but is not a reagent. device OBI:0100026 A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. organism PATO:0000001 A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities quality PATO:0000008 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's scalar absolute value of the rate of change of the bearer's position. velocity speed PATO:0000011 A time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed. age PATO:0000014 A composite chromatic quality composed of hue, saturation and intensity parts. colour relative color color PATO:0000018 A luminous flux quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's emitting longer wavelength light following the absorption of shorter wavelength radiation; fluorescence is common with aromatic compounds with several rings joined together. fluorescence PATO:0000019 A chromatic property that is the relative position of different hues or degrees of saturation. color pattern PATO:0000025 A single physical entity inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's quantities or relative ratios of subparts. composed of compositionality content structure, composition composition PATO:0000033 A quality inhering in a substance by virtue of the amount of the bearer's there is mixed with another substance. concentration concentration of PATO:0000039 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's orientation in space. direction PATO:0000044 A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. frequency PATO:0000048 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resistance to pressure, being broken, or pierced impenetrability toughness hardness PATO:0000049 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's possessing or displaying a distinctive feature in type or degree or effect or force. intensity PATO:0000051 A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. morphology PATO:0000052 A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc). relational shape quality shape PATO:0000057 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. temporal incidence occurrence PATO:0000058 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's molecules being are aerially dispersed and perceived by an odorant receptor. odor PATO:0000060 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. distribution pattern spatial pattern PATO:0000068 A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. qualitative PATO:0000069 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. deviation (from_normal) PATO:0000070 The number of entities of this type that are part of the whole organism. presence or absence in organism quantitative count in organism number presence amount PATO:0000080 A physical quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the size of the bearer's maximum displacement from the 'normal' position, when periodic motion is taking place. amplitude PATO:0000085 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation. sensitivity sensitivity toward PATO:0000117 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude. size PATO:0000122 A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance between two points. length PATO:0000125 A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the proportion of the bearer's amount of matter. mass PATO:0000136 A morphological quality pertaining to the degree to which an object contains an opening, aperture, orifice or vent. closure PATO:0000140 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial location relative to other objects in the vicinity. location placement relational spatial quality position PATO:0000141 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. conformation relational structural quality structure PATO:0000146 A physical quality of the thermal energy of a system. temperature PATO:0000150 A morphologic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative size, organization and distribution of its surface elements or the representation or invention of the appearance of its surface; visual and tactile surface characteristics. texture PATO:0000161 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. rate PATO:0000165 A quality in which events occur in sequence. time PATO:0000169 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer or a population by virtue of the bearer's disposition to survive and develop normally or the number of surviving individuals in a given population. viability PATO:0000303 A speed which is relatively high. high speed fast speed increased speed PATO:0000304 A speed which is relatively low. slow slow speed decreased speed PATO:0000308 An age which is relatively high. old PATO:0000309 An age which is relatively low. young PATO:0000318 A color hue with low wavelength of that portion of the visible spectrum lying between green and indigo, evoked in the human observer by radiant energy with wavelengths of approximately 420 to 490 nanometers. blue PATO:0000323 An achromatic color of maximum brightness; the color of objects that reflect nearly all light of all visible wavelengths. whitish white PATO:0000330 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of or the relationships between its repeated parts lack consistency. irregular spatial pattern PATO:0000337 A color quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking color. unpigmented colorless PATO:0000365 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction from a higher to a lower point. down PATO:0000366 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces east. left PATO:0000367 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces west. right PATO:0000370 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction from a lower to a higher point. up PATO:0000380 A frequency which is relatively high. high frequency frequent increased frequency PATO:0000381 A frequency which is relatively low. low frequency infrequent decreased frequency PATO:0000386 A hardness quality of being rigid and resistant to pressure. firm impenetrable tough hard PATO:0000402 A branchiness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having branches. ramified ramiform branched PATO:0000404 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being curled or wound (especially in concentric rings or spirals). spiral helical helicoid helicoidal helix-shaped coiled PATO:0000405 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having parallel chains in undulate fashion on the border. curled PATO:0000406 A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having or being marked by a curve or smoothly rounded bend. bowing curled curved PATO:0000407 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a horizontal surface without a slope, tilt, or curvature. plate-like flat PATO:0000411 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being such that every part of the surface or the circumference is equidistant from the center. round rounded circular PATO:0000428 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's once or in or a few unpredictable instances. sporadic PATO:0000438 A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking or not exhibiting variation. uniform constant invariant PATO:0000440 A pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a repeatable or predictable placement. regular spatial pattern PATO:0000467 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's existence. present in organism present PATO:0000470 An amount which is relatively high. increased number present in greater numbers in organism supernumerary accessory increased increased amount PATO:0000573 A length quality which is relatively large. long increased length PATO:0000574 A length quality which is relatively small. short shortened stubby decreased length PATO:0000586 A size quality which is relatively high. big enlarged expanded great large increased size PATO:0000587 A size quality which is relatively low. hypoplasia underdeveloped reduced small tiny decreased size PATO:0000591 A thickness which is relatively high. high thickness stout thickened thick increased thickness PATO:0000592 A thickness which is relatively low. low thickness slender thin decreased thickness PATO:0000595 A volume which is relatively high. high volume large volume increased volume PATO:0000596 A volume which is relatively low. low volume small volume decreased volume PATO:0000599 A width which is relatively small. narrow decreased width PATO:0000600 A width which is relatively large. broad wide wide/broad increased width PATO:0000608 A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording blocked passage or view. blocked closed PATO:0000609 A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording not completed blocked passage or view. closure incomplete PATO:0000610 A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's affording unobstructed passage or view. open PATO:0000618 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two sides; two-sided. bilateral PATO:0000619 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being overfilled. crowded PATO:0000622 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being upright in position or posture. upright erect PATO:0000629 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having mistakenly taken course, way, or passage; ill-routed. misrouted PATO:0000631 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being stretched out and lying at full length along the ground. prostrate PATO:0000634 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's involvement of only one part or side. unilateral PATO:0000642 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being merged with another entity. fused fused to coalesced joined with merged with fused with PATO:0000689 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. uninterrupted continuous PATO:0000690 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by breaks or interruptions. interrupted intermittent discontinuous PATO:0000701 A texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing a surface free of roughness or irregularities. smooth PATO:0000911 A rate which is relatively low. slow rate decreased rate PATO:0000912 A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate increased rate PATO:0000915 A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width. thickness PATO:0000918 A 3-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of 3-dimensional space it occupies. volume PATO:0000921 A 1-D extent quality which is equal to the distance from one side of an object to another side which is opposite. breadth width PATO:0000946 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides. oblong PATO:0000947 A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being oval with two axes of symmetry, as produced by a conical section. ellipse-shaped ellipsoid elliptical oval ovoid elliptic PATO:0000952 A color consisting of dark orange, red, of very low intensity. brown PATO:0000957 An optical quality which obtains by virtue of the ability of the bearer to absorb visible light. opacity PATO:0000963 A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being clear; not transmitting or reflecting light or radiant energy. non-transparent clouding cloudy opaque PATO:0000964 A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking opacity. clear hyaline transparent PATO:0000967 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sinuate margin and rippled surface. undulated undulating waved wavy rippled sinuate undulate PATO:0000970 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). permeability PATO:0000973 A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to admit the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porosity PATO:0000982 A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable to be permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). porous permeable PATO:0000983 A permeability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of being permeated or pervaded by a gas or liquid (as by osmosis or diffusion). impermeable PATO:0000984 A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being capable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. porous PATO:0000985 A porosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being incapable of admitting the passage of gas or liquid through pores or interstices. non-porous PATO:0000992 A physical quality of a fluid inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to internal resistance to flow. viscosity PATO:0000998 A viscosity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having viscosity. viscous PATO:0001018 A quality of a physical entity that exists through action of continuants at the physical level of organisation in relation to other entities. relational physical quality physical quality PATO:0001019 A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence is exerted by the bearer's mass per unit size. density mass density PATO:0001023 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's velocity multiplied by its mass. momentum PATO:0001025 A physical quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of force per unit area it exerts. pressure PATO:0001028 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of change of the bearer's velocity in either speed or direction. acceleration PATO:0001029 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of ratio of the bearer's output to the bearer's input. efficiency PATO:0001030 A physical quality that exists by virtue of the rate of flow of the bearer across a given surface. flux PATO:0001031 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. elasticity PATO:0001154 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's length being notably higher than its width. elongated PATO:0001159 A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting concentration. concentrated PATO:0001161 A concentration which relatively low. diluted PATO:0001162 A concentration which is higher relative to the normal or average. high concentration increased concentration PATO:0001163 A concentration which is lower relative to the normal or average. low concentration decreased concentration PATO:0001164 A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting density. dense PATO:0001171 An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. elastic PATO:0001172 An elasticity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability to recover its size and shape after deformation in any way. inelastic PATO:0001191 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the middle relative to another entity. medial to PATO:0001193 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the side relative to another entity. lateral lateral to PATO:0001195 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located more centrally than another entity. proximal to PATO:0001199 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being narrow, with the two opposite margins parallel. linear PATO:0001201 A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped in the form of the letter Y. Y-shaped PATO:0001208 An odor quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking odour. odorless PATO:0001227 A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits variation or change. variable variant PATO:0001230 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's power or force. strength PATO:0001234 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located further from a more centrally located entity. distal distal to PATO:0001236 A quality which inheres in an process. quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent process quality PATO:0001241 A quality which inheres in a continuant. monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant physical object quality PATO:0001292 An EM radiation quality that is independent of the EM wavelength range. full-spectrum EM radiation quality PATO:0001294 A scalar EM radiation quality which obtains by the capacity of the bearer to scatter or reflect radiation. radiation reflective quality PATO:0001295 A reflective quality restricted to a particular wavelength. albedo PATO:0001296 A scalar optical quality which obtains by the magnitude of the light emitted by the bearer. luminous flux PATO:0001300 An EM radiation quality in which the EM radiation is within the fiat range of the spectrum visible deemed to be light. optical quality PATO:0001303 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to varying or changing. variability of a physical quality variability PATO:0001305 A temperature which is relatively high. high temperature hot increased temperature PATO:0001306 A temperature which is relatively low. cold low temperature decreased temperature PATO:0001309 A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. period time duration PATO:0001323 A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent. area PATO:0001332 A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lack of distinct morphology. amorphous PATO:0001351 A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given area. area density PATO:0001353 A density quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of some influence exerted by the bearer's mass on a given volume. volumetric density PATO:0001354 A optical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting low opacity. translucent PATO:0001360 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having thin filamentous extensions at its edge. filamentous PATO:0001367 A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having deeply undulating edges forming lobes. lobate PATO:0001410 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by narrow lines or grooves, usually parallel. striated PATO:0001411 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having distinct structure. structured PATO:0001412 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking distinct structure. unstructured PATO:0001413 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the rate of the bearer's angular movement about an axis; the angle rotated in a given time. angular velocity PATO:0001420 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to rise or float in a fluid medium such as water or air. buoyancy PATO:0001422 A viability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the cessation of the bearer's life. dead PATO:0001428 A concentration quality inhering in a medium by virtue of the bearer's tendency to hydronate a specific reference base. medium acidity PATO:0001429 An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a high concentration of H+ ions. acidic PATO:0001430 An medium acidity quality inhering in a solution by virtue of the bearer's a low concentration of H+ ions. alkaline PATO:0001432 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's decomposition into component parts. decayed PATO:0001435 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having connection or association with another entity. attachment quality PATO:0001442 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer includes all its components. wholeness PATO:0001444 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's components no longer being in a single contiguous unit. fragmented fractured cracked hemorrhaged split torn broken PATO:0001447 A composition quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's being encrusted or impregnated with calcium carbonate (CHEBI:3311). calcareous calcification calcified PATO:0001453 An attachment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking connection or association with another entity. detached detached from PATO:0001454 A sensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. sensitivity to oxygen PATO:0001455 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen. aerobic PATO:0001456 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's independence on oxygen. anaerobic PATO:0001472 A depth which is relatively low. low depth shallow decreased depth PATO:0001475 A position which is relatively high. high position increased position PATO:0001476 A positional which is relatively low. low position decreased position PATO:0001481 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an oblique or slanted direction. sloped PATO:0001485 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being thicker or more closely packed together; pressed tightly together. compact compressed squashed dense condensed PATO:0001486 An age quality that exists by virtue of the time (years and months) that the bearer has existed. chronological age PATO:0001499 A spheroid quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a ball (a sphere whose equatorial diameter is equal to the polar diameter). globular rotund spherical PATO:0001509 A quality of a single physical entity that arises by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits the ability to perform a regular function(s). functionality PATO:0001510 A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform a regular function(s). functional PATO:0001522 A physical quality inhering in sound by virtue of the bearer's travelling speed in a given medium under specified conditions. sound speed PATO:0001536 A molecular quality that inheres in a molecular entity by virtue of the bearer's disposition to dissolve in a liquid. solubility PATO:0001543 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. flexibility PATO:0001544 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. bendy flexible PATO:0001545 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's inability of being turned, bowed, or twisted without breaking. stiff stiffness inflexible PATO:0001546 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. solidity quality of a solid PATO:0001547 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting the physical characteristics of an entity consisting of particles that have neither a defined volume nor defined shape. gaseous quality of a gas PATO:0001548 A physical quality inhering in an entity exhibiting the physical characteristics of an amorphous (non-crystalline) form of matter between a gas and a solid that has a definite volume, but no definite shape. liquidity quality of a liquid PATO:0001559 A functionality quality which is held by the bearer when the latter is able to perform additional or different function(s). having supernumerary functions having extra function PATO:0001562 A mass which is lower than normal or average. low mass small mass decreased mass PATO:0001563 A mass which is higher than normal or average. high mass large mass increased mass PATO:0001566 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up. diffuse scattered distributed PATO:0001574 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's motion characteristic. flow rate PATO:0001575 A pressure which is relatively low. low pressure decreased pressure PATO:0001576 A pressure which is relatively high. high pressure increased pressure PATO:0001583 A variability which is relatively low. low variability decreased variability PATO:0001584 A variability which is relatively high. high variability increased variability PATO:0001585 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to transmit of an entity through a medium. conductivity PATO:0001591 A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a degree of bending. curvature PATO:0001594 A concave quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's forming or resembling an arch. arched PATO:0001595 A 1-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's downward or backward or inward dimension. depth PATO:0001596 A depth quality which is relatively high. deep increased depth PATO:0001598 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond a surface or boundary. protruding relational protruding quality protruding PATO:0001608 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked by, consisting of, or diversified with patches. patchy PATO:0001617 A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distorted in form. disfigured distorted deformed PATO:0001624 A functionality quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits decreased ability to perform a regular function(s). dysfunction dysfunctional having decreased function lacks function of type low functionality partial functionality impaired decreased functionality PATO:0001625 A functional quality held by the bearer when the latter exhibits increased ability to perform a regular function(s). high functionality increased functionality PATO:0001629 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being gathered or tending to gather into a mass or whole. clumped clustered aggregated PATO:0001630 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being distributed or spread over a considerable extent. dispersed PATO:0001632 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the front of an organism relative to another entity. preceding anterior to PATO:0001645 A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary into the surface or boundary of another entity. protruding into PATO:0001646 A quality inhering into a bearer by virtue of the bearer's extending out above or beyond its surface or boundary and outwards in relation to the physical space occupied by another entity. extruding from exits through exposed protruding out of PATO:0001648 An 1-D extent quality which is equal to the length of the closed curve of a circle. circumference PATO:0001652 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. alignment PATO:0001653 An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a proper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. aligned aligned to aligned with PATO:0001654 An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning with respect to an additional entity. misaligned unaligned with misaligned with PATO:0001655 A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's amount of osmoles of solute per liter of solution. osmolarity PATO:0001657 A osmolarity which is relatively high. high osmolarity increased osmolarity PATO:0001671 A distribution which is relatively high. high distribution increased distribution PATO:0001672 A distribution which is relatively low. low distribution decreased distribution PATO:0001675 An efficiency which is relatively low. low efficiency decreased efficiency PATO:0001676 An efficiency which is relatively high. high efficiency increased efficiency PATO:0001678 An efficiency quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having efficiency. efficient PATO:0001682 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to exert an attractive or repulsive force on other entities. magnetism PATO:0001685 A magnetic quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to exert magnitism. magnetic PATO:0001687 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's vertical distance of a point above or below a reference surface. elevation PATO:0001688 An elevation which is relatively high. high elevation elevated increased elevation PATO:0001689 An elevation which is relatively low. low elevation decreased elevation PATO:0001693 A viscosity which relatively high. high viscosity increased viscosity PATO:0001708 A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in one dimension. 1-D size 1-D extent PATO:0001709 A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions. 2-D size 2-D extent PATO:0001710 A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in three dimensions. 3D size 3-D extent PATO:0001711 An 1-D extent quality inhering in two-dimensional bearer by virtue of being equal to the distance around it. perimeter PATO:0001712 A perimeter which is relatively high. increased perimeter PATO:0001713 A perimeter which is relatively low. decreased perimeter PATO:0001729 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entity by natural process. shedability PATO:0001730 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed body parts. deciduous (generic) PATO:0001731 A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to shed foliage. deciduous (plant) PATO:0001732 A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to not shed any body part. non-deciduous (any body part) PATO:0001733 A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to retain foliage. evergreen (plant) PATO:0001734 A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being between evergeen and deciduous. semi-deciduous(plant) PATO:0001739 A quality of radiation that reflects the fluence spectrum of charged and neutral particles within the material or medium where dose is being deposited. radiation quality PATO:0001740 A radiation quality inhering in a radioactive substance by virtue of its transformation (disintegration) rate. radioactivity activity (of a radionuclide) PATO:0001741 A radiation quality inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting or being caused by radioactivity. radioactive PATO:0001756 A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to spontaneous transfer of thermal energy from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. thermal conduction heat conductivity PATO:0001757 A conductivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to convey electricity. electrical conductivity PATO:0001759 A composition quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing granules. granular PATO:0001779 A strength which is relatively low. weak decreased strength PATO:0001781 A thickness quality which lacks pattern. irregular thickness PATO:0001788 A density which is higher relative to the normal or average. high density increased mass density PATO:0001789 A curvature quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a shape resembling a dome. domed PATO:0001790 A density which is lower relative to the normal or average. low density decreased mass density PATO:0001792 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located on left side of from the a another entity. left side of PATO:0001793 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located on right side of a another entity. right side of PATO:0001794 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being wound in a continuous series of loops. coiling PATO:0001799 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting disturbance of its smoothness or regularity. ruffled PATO:0001822 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wetness PATO:0001823 A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being covered by a liquid. wet PATO:0001824 A wetness quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's not being covered by a liquid. dry PATO:0001825 A wetness quality that is relatively high. increased wetness PATO:0001826 A wetness quality that is relatively low. low wetness decreased wetness PATO:0001838 A flow that is relatively low. low flow decreased fluid flow PATO:0001839 A fluid flow that is relatively high. high flow increased fluid flow PATO:0001842 A concentration quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing acid (hydrogen ions). pH acidity PATO:0001844 An acidity which is relatively high. high acidity increased acidity PATO:0001846 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being entwined and difficult to unravel. tangled PATO:0001854 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being situated at right angles to the horizon. vertical PATO:0001855 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in the plane of the horizon. horizontal PATO:0001857 A shape quality in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's curving inward. concave PATO:0001865 A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a quadric surface in three dimensions obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes. Includes spheres and oblate/prolate spheroids. sphericality spheroid PATO:0001873 A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a consistently-sized round cross section. rod-like rod-shaped tubulate cylindrical PATO:0001879 A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped in the form of the letter U. horseshoe shaped horseshoe U-shaped PATO:0001884 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to being water-repellent; tending to repel and not absorb water. hydrophobicity PATO:0001885 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's lacking affinity for water; tending to repel and not absorb water; tending not to dissolve in or mix with or be wetted by water. hydrophobic PATO:0001886 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's disposition to having an affinity for water; it is readily absorbing or dissolving in water. hydrophilicity PATO:0001887 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to having a strong affinity for water; tending to dissolve in, mix with, or be wetted by water. hydrophilic PATO:0001890 A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being divided into three branches. trifurcate tripartite PATO:0001899 A circumference which is relatively low. decreased circumference PATO:0001900 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the south when it faces north. front PATO:0001901 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction that is similar to the direction of an object to the north when it faces south. back PATO:0001902 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having one direction only. unidirectional PATO:0001903 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having two directions. bi-directional PATO:0001904 A directional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's direction approximating the shape of a circle. circling direction PATO:0001906 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's participation in movement. movement quality PATO:0001925 A surface shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape of features present on its surface or outer shell. surface feature shape PATO:0001933 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being positioned on opposite sides on the same plane. opposite PATO:0001935 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, a little inclining to be oblong. roundish obtuse PATO:0001956 A variability quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer exhibits size variation or change. variability of size PATO:0001957 A variability of size which is relatively low. low variability of size decreased variability of size PATO:0001958 A variability of size which is relatively high. high variability of size increased variability of size PATO:0001960 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's parts or projections being interlocked; for example, the fingers of two hands that are clasped. interdigitated PATO:0001977 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having at least one salient angle on the margin. angulate angular PATO:0001985 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being kept below its freezing point. frozen PATO:0001986 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's passing into solution. dissolved PATO:0001995 A quality that inheres in an entire organism or part of an organism. organismal quality PATO:0001997 An amount which is relatively low. decreased number present in fewer numbers in organism decreased reduced subnumerary decreased amount PATO:0002005 Surface shape that refers to the inward or outward curvature of the surface. concavity PATO:0002006 A shape that inheres in a 2 dimensional entity, such as a cross section or projection of a 3 dimensional entity. 2-D projection cross-sectional 2-D shape PATO:0002007 A complete three dimensional shape in which for every line connecting pair of points on the object is within the object. Or: a shape lacking cavities. Contrast: concave. convex 3-D shape PATO:0002008 A complete three dimensional shape in which there is a line connecting pair of points on the object that lies outside the object. Or: a shape with cavities. Contrast: concave. concave 3-D shape PATO:0002009 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree to which there are subdivisions or offshoots in a bearer entity. branchiness PATO:0002014 A structural quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's containing hollow areas. structure, cavities PATO:0002021 A convex 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's resembling a cone (a 3-D shape with a round cross section that tapers). cone-shaped conical PATO:0002057 An area which is relatively high. increased area PATO:0002058 An area which is relatively low. decreased area PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process PATO:0002063 A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being elongated and cylindrical. columnar PATO:0002064 A structure quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's delimited by a surface with holes. fenestrated PATO:0002067 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's layered configuration. stratification PATO:0002068 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a layered configuration. stratified PATO:0002078 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an empty space or cavity within. hollow PATO:0002080 A broken quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being separated into two contiguous wholes. broken into two pieces PATO:0002103 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's penetrating or permeating another substance or area. infiltrating infiltrative PATO:0002107 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being at the edge or boundary of a related entity. peripheral PATO:0002121 A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's structure resembling an irregular meshwork with cross-linking struts. trabecular PATO:0002124 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's processing the form of a thin plate sheet or layer. laminar PATO:0002138 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being fit to be eaten. edibleness edibility PATO:0002139 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being suitable for use as food. edible PATO:0002140 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer not being suitable for use as food. inedible PATO:0002141 A density quality which lacks pattern. irregular density PATO:0002143 sloped downward PATO:0002165 To bent or hang downwards. sagging drooping PATO:0002173 An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning towards an additional entity. misaligned towards PATO:0002174 An alignment quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being in a improper spatial positioning away from an additional entity. misaligned away from PATO:0002180 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being free of curves, bends, or angles. straight PATO:0002181 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue the bearer's being changed in position. displaced PATO:0002182 A quality which inheres in a molecular entity, a single molecule, atom, ion, radical etc. relational molecular quality molecular quality PATO:0002198 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of its constitution. quality of a substance PATO:0002212 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being small or narrow in circumference or width in proportion to length or height. gracile slender PATO:0002215 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having the shape of a scythe or sickle. falcate hooked scythe-shaped sickle-shaped unciform uncinate falciform PATO:0002219 A quality inhering in a bearer that is shaped in the form of a fan. fan-like fan-shaped PATO:0002224 An angular shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a single angle in its length giving the bearer the form of the letter V. V-shaped PATO:0002233 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located far (not close to) in space in relation to another entity. distant from remote from far from PATO:0002242 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's rate of change of the position. velocity PATO:0002243 A physical quality inhering in a fluid (liquid or gas) by virtue of the amount of fluid which passes through a given surface per unit time. volume flow rate volumetric flow rate fluid flow rate PATO:0002253 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being roundish, flattish shape, possibly with a slightly angled edge. plate-like platelike PATO:0002254 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's surface becoming more extended in a plane. compressed flattened PATO:0002255 Texture quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being marked with one or more channels. channeled creased grooved PATO:0002260 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being partially upright in position or posture. semi upright semi erect PATO:0002266 A shape that inheres in a 3 dimensional entity. 3-D shape PATO:0002267 edge shape PATO:0002268 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located in a position equidistant from edges. centered PATO:0002269 A structural quality of the collection or massing of one physical object within another physical object. pooled accumulation PATO:0002270 An increased number of physical objects that are accumulated within another physical object usually as a result of a failure to break down or remove objects in a timely manner. accumulated increased accumulation PATO:0002271 An accumulation which is relative low. decreased accumulation PATO:0002272 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located at the same continuous distance relative to another object. parallel to PATO:0002292 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's underlying structure being capable of change. transient structure transient PATO:0002299 A cylindrical shape that is hollow. tube like tube-shaped tubulate tubular PATO:0002300 A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased quality PATO:0002301 A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased quality PATO:0002302 A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased process quality PATO:0002303 A quality of an object that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. decreased object quality PATO:0002304 A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased process quality PATO:0002305 A quality of an object that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. increased object quality PATO:0002311 Having a fringe or border of hairlike or fingerlike projections. fimbriated PATO:0002318 A shape constituting a transition between a rectangle and a circle; a closed curve, of which the circle and ellipse are special cases, whose parametric equation is x = a.cos2/rt, y = b.cos2/rt Lamé curve superelliptic PATO:0002323 A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. temporal distribution quality PATO:0002335 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being dome-shaped. tholiform PATO:0002349 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the base of an organism relative to another entity. basal to PATO:0002350 A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located toward the stalk of an organism relative to another entity. cauline to PATO:0002352 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's upper parts die back to the rootstock at the end of the growing season. herbaceous PATO:0002359 A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's width being notably higher than its length. broad PATO:0002374 Recurrent and often more or less cyclic alteration. fluctuating PATO:0002386 A concave 3-D shape that inheres in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape that is wider at one end and narrow in the middle. anvil shaped anvil PATO:0002416 Flattened from above downward; below the normal level or the level of the surrounding parts. sunken PATO:0002425 Open to view or not covered by another entity. exposed PATO:0002433 A surface feature shape marked by large amounts of relief, often with multiple ridges and grooves in close association. Topographically complex. sculpted surface PATO:0002435 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer touching another entity along a border or with a projecting part. abut abutting PATO:0002436 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's position being displaced from a reference point. offset PATO:0002440 A surface feature shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the degree of the bearer's highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. ornamentation PATO:0002441 A surface feature shape in which the bearer's surface is highly topographical with ridges, pits, rugosity or other surface structures. ornamented PATO:0002443 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being located at the same level as another entity. level with PATO:0002453 A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer bring gradually worn away. eroding PATO:0002463 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of some aspect of the bearer extending to the position of another entity. extends to PATO:0002471 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's increased rate of change of the position. increased velocity PATO:0002472 A physical quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's decreased rate of change of the position. decreased velocity PATO:0002483 Positional quality in which an entity is located outside of another entity. external to PATO:0002513 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a slanting direction (neither perpendicular nor parallel) relative to another entity. oblique to PATO:0002518 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being level or even with another surface. flush PATO:0002521 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's similarity to the appearance of a funnel. funnel-shaped PATO:0005001 A variability quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer having a variable number or count of an entity. variable number variability of count PATO:0005005 Shape quality inhering in a bearer expanding outward, or having parts expanding outward, from a center point. radiating PATO:0005011 A positional quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer possessing an uninterrupted or unbroken connection or spatial distribution relative to the position of another entity. continuous with PATO:0010001 A structural quality inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer consisting of multiple structures lacking any physical connection to each other. disconnected PATO:0015009 A quality inhering in air by virtue of the partial pressure exerted by the bearer's water vapour content. humidity PATO:0015010 An increase in humidity. humid increased humidity PATO:0015011 An decrease in humidity. decreased humidity PATO:0015021 The propensity of a material to undergo combustion. Combustion encompasses smouldering and flaming combustion. Combustibility is usually applied to solids. combustibility PATO:0015022 An increase in combustibility. combustible increased combustibility PATO:0015030 A shape that ineres in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's mass being distributed in a feather-like fashion. feather-shaped plumed plume-shaped PATO:0040008 A shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having an ornamental border consisting of short straight or twisted threads or strips hanging from cut or raveled edges or from a separate band. fringed PATO:0040009 A concave 3-D shape quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being shaped in the form of a bowl. bowl shaped PATO:0045001 A quality of an object that has a value that is normal or average. normal object quality PATO:0045040 A position which is relatively normal or average normal position PATO:0045044 A pressure which is relatively normal or average normal pressure PATO:0045050 A size quality which is relatively normal or average normal size PATO:0045051 An area which is relatively normal or average normal area PATO:0045052 A depth quality which is relatively normal or average normal depth PATO:0045060 A volume which is relatively normal or average normal volume PATO:0045061 A width which is relatively normal or average normal width PATO:0045063 A speed which is relatively normal or average normal speed PATO:0045079 A velocity which is relatively normal or average normal velocity PATO:0045090 The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the directions north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials, N, E, S, W. East and west are at right angles to north and south, with east being in the clockwise direction of rotation from north and west being directly opposite east. cardinal direction PATO:0045091 North is one of the four compass points or cardinal directions. It is the opposite of south and is perpendicular to east and west. north PATO:0045092 East is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from west. east PATO:0045093 South is one of the four cardinal directions or compass points. South is the polar opposite of north and is perpendicular to east and west. south PATO:0045094 West is one of the four cardinal directions or points of the compass. It is the opposite direction from east. west PATO:0050000 The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) rate of occurence PATO:0055003 A rate of occurrence that is relatively high. increased rate of occurrence PATO:0055004 A rate of occurrence that is relatively low. decreased rate of occurrence PATO:0070060 A quality of a substance on which or through which electromagnetic radiation impinges or traverses with respect to radiation. This substance quality changes the quality of the incident radiation with respect to any of: intensity, direction, scatter and wavelength. quality of interaction of a substance with electromagnetic radiation PATO:0103000 A quality of an entity that can be represented numerically, including anything that can be counted, measured, or given a numerical value. quantitative PCO:0000000 Examples include: population, community, species (meaning the collection of organisms that makes up a species, not the taxonomic rank), and family. A material entity that consists of two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids. group of organism organism collection May be of the same or different species. collection of organisms PCO:0000001 This a general term that can include every organism of a species living in an area or any subset of them. Subclasses can be more specific as needed. A collection of organisms, all of the same species, that live in the same place. ISBN:0878932739 It is sometimes difficult to define the physical boundaries of a population. In the case of sexually reproducing organisms, the individuals within a population have the potential to reproduce with one another during the course of their lifetimes. 'Community', as often used to describe a group of humans, is a type of population of organisms. Classes for population already exist in IDO ('organism population', IDO_0000509) and OBI ('population', OBI_0000181). The definitions should be standardized across OBO Foundry ontologies and only one term used. population of organisms PCO:0000002 A multi-species collection of organisms of at least two different species, living in a particular area. Must have at least two populations of different species as members. multispecies community ISBN:0865423504 envoPolar Ecological community is defined broadly here, but includes both ecological interactions (inherited from parent term community) and spatial co-existence. It may be used to describe every organisms living in an area, but is often used to refer only to organisms of a particular taxon or guild (e.g., the plant community, the insect community, the herbivore community). The word community, as it often used to describe a group of humans living together, is a type of single-species collection of organisms, not an ecological community. ecological community PCO:0000018 A material entity that has as parts two or more organisms, viruses, or viroids of the same species and no members of any other species. collection of organisms of the same species single-species collection of organisms PCO:0000029 A collection of organisms that consists of two or more organisms from at least two species. Need to add axiom to specify that it has at a mimum members of two different species, but not sure how to specify that. Can't say "('has member' only ('member of' min 2 'species as a collection of organisms'))". multi-species collection of organisms PCO:0000031 A material entity that is one or more organisms, viruses or viroids. organismal entity PCO:0000051 A multi-species collection of organisms that consists of two or more microbes from at least two species. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-0078 multi-species collection of microbes PCO:1000004 An ecological community which is composed of co-existing populations of microbial organisms that interact, directly or indirectly, such that they impact one another's ecological fitness. A class for a collection of organisms considered "microbial" and an accompanying quality in PATO (e.g. "microscopic") would be useful to better axiomatise this class. See https://github.com/PopulationAndCommunityOntology/pco/issues/22 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4366-3088 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2009.88 microbiota The definition of a microbial species is deeply debated, however, units of phylogenetic and functional diversity are recognised with respect to their varying roles in an ecosystem. In turn, there exist multiple operational definitions of microbial community, such as local, phenomenological, and indexical communities. This class seeks to capture microbial communities in a very broad sense, as collections of phylogenetically and functionally divergent microbial organisms co-existing, potentially interacting, and competing for niche space in the same ecosystem over a period of time in which their causal footprints overlap one another. microbial community A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. genet (broad) ramet (broad) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 PO_GIT:538 PO_GIT:69 planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) bush (narrow) frutex (narrow) frutices (narrow, plural) gametophyte (narrow) herb (narrow) liana (narrow) prothalli (narrow, plural) prothallium (narrow) prothallus (narrow) shrub (narrow) sporophyte (narrow) suffrutex (narrow) suffrutices (narrow, plural) tree (narrow) vine (narrow) woody clump (narrow) plant_anatomy clonal colony (related) colony (related) PO:0000003 Examples include plant embryo (PO:0009009), megagametophyte (PO:0025279) and microgametophyte (PO:0025280). whole plant PO:0000003 A plant structure (PO:0005679) which is a whole organism. POC:curators planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体全体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki frutex (narrow) FNA:e4dde193-57f7-4ab9-9d25-96b4ca0088ba frutices (narrow, plural) FNA:ec8c2064-2a67-43d7-8e14-aecfef5cf33b prothalli (narrow, plural) FNA:4b610104-1bb0-4c6b-9bb9-e3cc61d11ac0 prothallus (narrow) FNA:f8f31520-e4bc-4430-9274-8dd3cee7ffd8 suffrutex (narrow) FNA:99508f62-7116-4e2b-90c0-19ff55ebd967 suffrutices (narrow, plural) FNA:ba1b1bd5-75bd-4195-b11c-3aba08da08c2 woody clump (narrow) FNA:c1ccca7d-2a98-4a9d-8603-c34b551935e0 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) composed of cutin (PO:0025385), a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids C16 and C18 chains, embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386) and forming a layer on the surface of a plant epidermis (PO:0005679). cuticle (broad) PO_GIT:416 cut&#237cula (Spanish, exact) 植物クチクラ (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000022 The plant cuticle is produced in and secreted by epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of leaves (PO:0025034), stems (PO:0009047), fruits (PO:0009001), and other aerial plant structures. It has as parts an inner cuticle proper (PO:0025387) and an outer layer of epicuticular wax (PO:0025388). plant cuticle PO:0000022 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) composed of cutin (PO:0025385), a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acids C16 and C18 chains, embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386) and forming a layer on the surface of a plant epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper cut&#237cula (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物クチクラ (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). PO_GIT:234 &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0000037 shoot axis apex PO:0000037 A shoot axis (PO:0025029) that is the most distal part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and has as parts a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and the youngest primordia (PO:0025127). POC:curators &#225pice del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート頂、茎頂 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact) シュート軸表皮 (Japanese, exact) branch epidermis (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0000112 Can occur on a stem or branch. shoot axis epidermis PO:0000112 A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a shoot axis (PO:0025029). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del eje del tallo (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy peripheral meristem (related) PO:0000225 peripheral zone PO:0000225 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) which is the organogenic region of the meristem, characterized by higher rates of cell division. ISBN:0521288959 TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser zona perif&#233rica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 周辺帯 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. CL:0000034 PO_GIT:272 c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) stem cell (exact) 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0004010 meristematic cell PO:0004010 A native plant cell (PO:0025606) synthesizing protoplasm and producing new cells by division and with only a primary cell wall. ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper c&#233lula meristem&#225tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). PO_GIT:467 portion of root primordium tissue (exact) primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0005029 A root primordium may arise from cells of a pericycle (PO:0006203) in a root in most seed plant (pericyclic lateral root primordium; PO:0025492), from cells of an endodermis (PO:0000252) in ferns and some seed plants (non-pericyclic lateral root primordium: PO:0025493), or from cells of a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root primordium (PO:0025479) or shoot-borne root primordium (PO:0025480). Transition from root primordium to root occurs with the formation of a root cap (PO:0020123), shortly after the development of a root apical meristem (PO:0020147). root primordium PO:0005029 A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a root anlagen (PO:0025433) and is committed to the development of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0521288959 POC:curators primordio de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo root primordia (exact, plural) 根原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of plant epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011). PO_GIT:109 dermal tissue (exact) epidermal layer (exact) epidermides (exact, plural) epidermis (Spanish, exact) epidermises (exact, plural) portion of epidermal tissue (exact) 表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy multiseriate epidermis (related) PO:0005679 The epidermis can be composed of one or more layers of cells. In some species of vascular plants, the epidermis, which is a primary tissue, is replaced by periderm, which is secondary tissue, later in development. The epidermis can also include trichomes, stomatal pores, root hairs, and rhizoids. plant epidermis PO:0005679 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) composed of plant epidermal cells (PO:0004013) that develops from the protoderm (PO:0006210) and covers the surface of a plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators epidermides (exact, plural) FNA:35df04e5-fde5-465e-b79e-ae7d5e1537bb epidermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo epidermises (exact, plural) FNA:0d1bd0e6-c039-4de3-a162-68299a2f342a 表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006001 phyllome PO:0006001 A lateral plant organ (PO:0009008) produced by a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148). POC:curators filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム、葉(的）器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). epidermis de la hoja (Spanish, exact) foliage leaf epidermis (exact) phyllid epidermis (exact) 葉表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006016 If you are annotating to this term, please add an additional annotation to vascular leaf (PO:0009025) or non-vascular leaf (PO:0025075), depending on the species. All annotations for angiosperms, gymnosperms, and pteridophytes should go to vascular leaf and all annotations for bryophytes should go to non-vascular leaf. leaf epidermis PO:0006016 A portion of phyllome epidermis (PO:0025157) that is part of a leaf (PO:0025034). POC:curators epidermis de la hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020). PO_GIT:111 epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006035 Often interrupted by stomatal complexes (PO:0002000) and other structures. The shoot system epidermis is different from the root epidermis (PO:0006036) in its origin, function and structure. shoot system epidermis PO:0006035 A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006) and arises from the meristem L1 layer (PO:0009020). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005). PO:0006037 PO_GIT:111 epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy epiblem (related) rhizodermis (related) PO:0006036 The root epidermis is different from the shoot epidermis in its origin, function and structure. root epidermis PO:0006036 A portion of plant epidermis (PO:0005679) that is part of a root (PO:0009005). ISBN:0080374913 epidermis de la ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). PO_GIT:472 PO_GIT:583 meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0006079 shoot system meristem PO:0006079 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). PO_GIT:125 portion of protoderm tissue (exact) protodermis (Spanish, exact) 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy dermatogen cell (related) PO:0006210 A protoderm may or may not arise from independent initial cells (PO:0004011). Some researchers also refer to it as an epidermis in a meristematic state. protoderm PO:0006210 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outer layer of an apical meristem (PO:0020144), or the outer layer of a plant embryo proper (PO:0000001), and gives rise to a portion of epidermis (PO:0005679). ISBN:0471245208 POC:Laurel_Cooper protodermis (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 前表皮、原表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). PO_GIT:390 plant_structure_development_stage Solanaceae whole plant growth stages (SGN:0000001) (related) cereal plant growth stage ontology (GRO:0007199) (related) maize growth stage (GRO:0007002) (related) plant growth stages in Arabidopsis (TAIR:0000021) (related) rice growth stage (GRO:0007040) (related) sorghum growth stage (GRO:0007124) (related) wheat, barley and oat growth stage (GRO:0007156) (related) PO:0007033 whole plant development stage PO:0007033 A plant structure development stage (PO:0009012) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003). POC:curators A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). cell (broad) GO:0005623 PO_GIT:56 c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009002 Applies to cells that are living or dead at maturity (e.g., fiber cell or tracheid) and includes any external encapsulating structures (if present) such as the plasma membrane and the plant-type cell wall. Definition of cell GO:0005623: "The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope". GO:0009505. Definition of plant-type cell wall (GO:0009505): A more or less rigid structure lying outside the cell membrane of a cell and composed of cellulose and pectin and other organic and inorganic substances, synonym; exact: cellulose and pectin-containing cell wall. plant cell PO:0009002 A cell which is a plant structure (PO:0009011). CL:0000000 POC:curators c&#233lula vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物細胞 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. PO:0003006 FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f PO_GIT:578 ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) radices (exact, plural) radix (exact) 根 (Japanese, exact) aerial root (narrow) climbing root (narrow) plant_anatomy PO:0009005 Roots function in the absorption of water and inorganic nutrients, anchoring the plant body to the substrate and supporting it, storage of food and nutrients, and vegetative reproduction. The roots of most vascular plant species enter into symbiosis with soil-borne microorganisms. Roots are usually positively geotropic and found underground, although there are many exceptions such as the aerial roots of orchids. Roots often form secondary thickening from the root lateral meristem (PO:0006308). Commonly thought of as one of the three basic parts of the plant body, along with the shoot axis (PO:0025029) and leaves (PO:0025034). root PO:0009005 A plant axis (PO:0025004) that lacks shoot axis nodes (PO:0005004) and usually grows indeterminately. ISBN:978-0879015329 ISBN:9780964022157 NYBG:Brandon_Sinn NYBG:Dario_Cavaliere POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo radices (exact, plural) FNA:3c46e84c-23e4-416b-91cd-2f7c42e4b13d radix (exact) FNA:e6315684-fc99-4976-b39d-b356c4b7e7fd 根 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki climbing root (narrow) FNA:bf0ce902-e91c-401a-92a8-26b20142ce5f A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 PO_GIT:135 sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) tree crown (narrow) plant_anatomy Poaceae crown (related) shoot (related) thalli (related, plural) thallus (related) PO:0009006 The shoot system is generally used to refer to the above-ground plant parts, although some plants have parts of their shoot system underground. For example, a rhizome (PO:0004542), bulb (PO:0025356), a corm (PO:0025355) or a subterranean tuber (PO:0004547), as in Solanum tuberosum (potato) or yam, are all part of the shoot system. shoot system PO:0009006 A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces shoot-borne portions of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) and the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators sistema de epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート系、苗条系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki thalli (related, plural) FNA:d1431b5c-7b86-46a0-8d3c-bd426fe12c85 thallus (related) FNA:02756ad4-a09c-48d7-8754-903254e557a9 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. portion of tissue (broad) tissue (broad) PO_GIT:59 porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy plant tissue (related) PO:0009007 A portion of plant tissue may contain one or several types of cells that are organized in a specific spatial arrangement into a structural unit (which includes a mass of callus) and may include an intercellular matrix. May include other types of isolated cells, such as idioblasts. portion of plant tissue PO:0009007 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that consists predominantly of similarly specialized plant cells (PO:0009002) of one or more types. POC:curators TAIR_curator:Leonore_Reiser porci&#243n de un tejido vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物組織の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. organ (broad) PATO:01503 PO_GIT:55 &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy compound plant organ (related) simple plant organ (related) PO:0009008 Examples include stem (PO:0009047), leaf (PO:0025034), and root (PO:0009005). May include individual plant cells (PO:0009002) that are not part of a portion of plant tissue (e.g., idioblasts, PO:0000283). A plant organ may have one or more different plant organs as parts, such as a sporophyll (PO:0009026) that may have as part a sporangium (PO:0025094) or a carpel (PO:0009030) that may have as part a plant ovule (PO:0020003). plant organ PO:0009008 A multi-tissue plant structure (PO:0025496) that is a functional unit, is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and includes portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types that derive from a common developmental path. POC:curators &#243rgano vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 器官 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki simple plant organ (related) PATO:01503 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. PO_GIT:57 estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009011 'Part' includes both proper parts and the whole plant. CARO:0000003 'connected anatomical structure' is defined as: Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape, generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. plant structure PO:0009011 A plant anatomical entity (PO:0025131) that is, or was, part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. CARO:0000003 PO:cooperl POC:curators estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. PO:0007021 PO_GIT:185 TAIR:0000205 etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) plant growth and development stage (exact) plant_structure_development_stage Arabidopsis growth (related) PO:0009012 Refers to GO:0032502 'developmental process', which includes growth, differentiation, and senescence, and BFO:0000003 'ocurrent'. plant structure development stage PO:0009012 A stage in the life of a plant structure (PO:0009011) during which the plant structure undergoes developmental processes. BFO:0000003 GO:0032502 POC:curators etapa de desarrollo de estructura vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo Arabidopsis growth (related) TAIR:0000205 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. PO_GIT:472 meristem (exact) meristema (Spanish, exact) meristematic tissue (exact) 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0009013 portion of meristem tissue PO:0009013 A portion of plant tissue (PO:0009007) in which plant cells (PO:0009002) have retained their embryonic characteristics, or have reverted to them secondarily, and that divide to produce new cells that can undergo differentiation to form mature tissues, i.e. they have a capacity for morphogenesis and growth. APweb:Glossary Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal meristema (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035). PO_GIT:150 PO_GIT:576 meristema L1 (Spanish, exact) 分裂組織 L1 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy tunica (related) PO:0009020 The cells of the meristem L1 layer divide in a strictly anticlinical fashion. meristem L1 layer PO:0009020 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is the outermost layer of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and gives rise to a shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal PMID:11283725 PMID:12221985 POC:Laurel_Cooper meristema L1 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 分裂組織 L1 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:579 AM (exact) meristema apical (Spanish, exact) 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary meristem (related) PO:0020144 apical meristem PO:0020144 A maximal portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) located at a shoot apex (PO:0000037) or root tip (PO:0000025). Gramene:Pankaj_Jaiswal POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators meristema apical (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 頂端分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). promeristem (broad) PO_GIT:472 SAM (exact) meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy primary shoot meristem (related) PO:0020148 shoot apical meristem PO:0020148 A shoot system meristem (PO:0006079) formed at the apex of the shoot axis (PO:0025029), including those originating from an axillary bud meristem (PO:0000232). POC:Laurel_Cooper UMSL_curator:fz meristema apical del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 茎頂分裂組織 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:44:41Z eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) plant axes (exact, plural) 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025004 Includes roots and shoots. plant axis PO:0025004 An axial plant organ (PO:0009008). POC:curators eje de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo plant axes (exact, plural) FNA:2355281f-ab10-4ae2-a3d8-672cace068a8 植物軸（軸柱） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). rwalls 2010-02-09T04:12:11Z PO_GIT:63 estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025007 Organs can be of the same type or different types. Examples include flower (PO:0009046), perianth (PO:0009058), and inflorescence (PO:0009049). See also collective organ part structure (PO:0025269), for plant structures composed of parts of multiple organs, but no complete plant organs. This was formerly named collective plant structure. collective plant organ structure PO:0025007 A collective plant structure (PO:0025497) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003), and is composed of two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) and the associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva de &#243rgano (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合植物器官構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. rwalls 2010-07-01T02:11:26Z root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 PO_GIT:136 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) 根系 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025025 Generally the below ground portion of a vascular plant. root system PO:0025025 A collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) that produces root meristems (PO:0006085), the plant structures (PO:0009011) that arise from them and the parts thereof. POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators root (broad) FNA:b7ce680b-c6ed-4d2e-81e6-66970f7deff9 sistema de ra&#237z (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根系 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). rwalls 2010-07-01T03:46:35Z caullome (exact) eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy shoot (related) PO:0025029 Often bears leaves and branches. In vascular plants, has at least one node and one internode. shoot axis PO:0025029 A plant axis (PO:0025004) that is part of a shoot system (PO:0009006). POC:curators eje del epiblasto (epiblastema) (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo シュート軸 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. rwalls 2010-07-12T01:31:44Z PO_GIT:274 PO_GIT:301 hoja (Spanish, exact) 葉 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025034 leaf PO:0025034 A phyllome (PO:0006001) that is not associated with a reproductive structure. POC:curators hoja (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 葉 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:10:22Z PO_GIT:186 portion of primordial tissue (exact) portion of primordium tissue (exact) primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025127 A primordium appears as a protrusion and is the first distinct form of a plant organ (PO:0009008), cardinal organ part (PO:0025001), or collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007). The transition from a primordium to the plant structure it develops into is marked by the development of non-meristematic cells, although meristematic cells may be present after the transition. primordium PO:0025127 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that has as parts protoderm (PO:0006210) and sub-epidermal meristematic tissue and is committed to the development of a particular plant structure (PO:0009011). POC:curators primordia (exact, plural) primordio (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T09:27:11Z PO_GIT:466 phyllome primordia (exact, plural) portion of phyllome primordium tissue (exact) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025128 The transition from phyllome primordium to phyllome occurs when the first non-meristematic tissue develops begins to develop. phyllome primordium PO:0025128 A primordium (PO:0025127) that develops from a phyllome anlagen (PO:0025430) and is part of a shoot apex (PO:0000037) and is committed to the development of a phyllome (PO:0006001). PMID:11572953 POC:curators phyllome primordia (exact, plural) primordio del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム原基（可視的） (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-15T11:41:38Z PO_GIT:224 entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025131 Includes both material entities such as plant structures and immaterial entities such as plant anatomical spaces. CARO:0000000 'anatomical entity' is defined as: A part of a cellular organism that is either an immaterial entity or a material entity with granularity aboove the level of a protein complex. Or, a substance produced by a cellular organism with granularity above the level of a protein complex. Refers to BFO:0000004 'independent continuant'. plant anatomical entity PO:0025131 cjm An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. BFO:0000004 CARO:0000000 CAROC:Brownsville2014 POC:curators entidad anat&#243mica vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物 解剖学（形態）的実体 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). rwalls 2010-11-15T02:32:53Z epidermis del filoma (Spanish, exact) フィロム表皮 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025157 phyllome epidermis PO:0025157 A portion of shoot system epidermis (PO:0006035) that is part of a phyllome (PO:0006001). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators epidermis del filoma (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo フィロム表皮 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant. rwalls 2010-11-18T07:32:44Z PO_GIT:206 porci&#243n de sustancia vegetal (Spanish, exact) 植物を構成する物質の一部 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025161 Refers to organism substance (CARO:0000004) which is defined as: Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body and that does not have inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. For plants, the word "body" refers to a whole plant, or part thereof. Includes substances such as latex, xylem sap, phloem sap, resin, mucilage, oil, cuticle, cutin, and sporopollenin. portion of plant substance PO:0025161 A portion of organism substance that is or was part of a plant. CARO:0000004 POC:curators porci&#243n de sustancia vegetal (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物を構成する物質の一部 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A maximal whole plant development stage. rwalls 2011-10-19T10:54:37Z PO_GIT:230 vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0025337 There are only two types of life of whole plant. Every life of a whole plant is either a maximal gametophyte stage or a maximal sporophyte stage. life of whole plant stage PO:0025337 A maximal whole plant development stage. POC:curators vida de la planta entera (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物体の一生 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains. Laurel_Cooper 2012-01-06T02:53:37Z cutin matrix (broad) PO_GIT:416 クチン (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025385 Cutin is the insoluble, covalently cross-linked polymer that forms an electron dense layer over the epidermal cells (PO:0004013) of an aerial plant structure. cutin PO:0025385 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), and is composed of a polyester matrix of hydroxy- and hydroxy epoxy fatty acid C16 and C18 chains. PMID:12467640 POC:curators クチン (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) comprised predominantly of very long chain aliphatic lipids and is part of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022). Laurel_Cooper 2012-01-06T02:57:22Z PO_GIT:416 cera cuticular (Spanish, exact) クチクラワックス (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025386 Also includes triterpenoids and minor secondary metabolites, such as sterols and flavonoids. May be embedded within or external to the layer of cutin of the cuticle proper. Phenotypically, wax is distinguished as the glaucous or whitish bloom on a part of a plant shoot system that corresponds to crystalloid epicuticular wax with light scattering capacity. cuticular wax PO:0025386 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) comprised predominantly of very long chain aliphatic lipids and is part of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022). PMID:12467640 PO_Ref:00010 cera cuticular (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo クチクラワックス (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), composed primarily of cutin (PO:0025385), embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386). Laurel_Cooper 2012-01-06T03:06:02Z cuticle proper (broad) cutin matrix (broad) PO_GIT:416 cut&#237cula propia de la planta (Spanish, exact) 植物クチクラproper (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025387 plant cuticle proper PO:0025387 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is the inner layer of a plant cuticle (PO:0000022), composed primarily of cutin (PO:0025385), embedded and overlayed with cuticular wax (PO:0025386). PMID:12467640 POC:Laurel_Cooper cut&#237cula propia de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物クチクラproper (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-07T08:20:10Z phyllome meristem (broad) PO_GIT:427 フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025430 The phyllome anlagen is only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. phyllome anlagen PO:0025430 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is part of a peripheral zone (PO:0000225) of a shoot apical meristem (PO:0020148) and will give rise to a phyllome primordium (PO:0025128). POC:Laurel_Cooper POC:curators フィロム原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). Laurel_Cooper 2012-02-08T01:00:56Z PO_GIT:427 precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) 根原基 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025433 Only detectable by gene expression, not morphology. May arise in a pericycle (PO:0006203), as for lateral roots in most seed plants, an endodermis (PO:0000252), as for lateral roots in ferns, or from parenchyma cells (PO:0000074) that are part a shoot axis (PO:0025029), in the case of a basal root (PO:0025002) or shoot-borne root (PO:0000042). root anlagen PO:0025433 A portion of meristem tissue (PO:0009013) that is committed to the development of a root primordium (PO:0005029). POC:curators precursor de ra&#237 (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 根原基 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T14:57:00Z PO_GIT:480 estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025496 Most multi-tissue plant structures have at least a small connection to other plant structures via a fiat boundary, such as where a leaf (PO:0025034) connects to a shoot axis (PO:0025029), a petal (PO:0009032) connects to a receptacle (PO:0009064), or a branch (PO:0025073) connects to a stem (PO:0009047). Refers to CARO:0000055 multi-tissue structure, def'n: Anatomical structure that has as parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types, and which through specific morphogenetic processes, form a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundries from other structural units of differnt types. multi-tissue plant structure PO:0025496 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that has as parts two or more portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007) of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single structural unit demarcated by primarily bona-fide boundaries from other structural units of different types. CARO:0000055 POC:curators estructura vegetal con m&#250ltiples tejidos (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 複数の組織からなる植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). Laurel_Cooper 2012-06-11T15:09:20Z PO_GIT:479 estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025497 This is a parent term to describe both collective organ part structure (PO:0025269) (e.g. septum), as well as collective plant organ structure (PO:0025007) (which was formerly named collective plant structure), for example shoot system (PO:0009006). collective plant structure PO:0025497 A plant structure (PO:0009011) that is a proper part of a whole plant (PO:0000003) and includes two or more adjacent plant organs (PO:0009008) or adjacent cardinal organ parts (PO:0025001), along with any associated portions of plant tissue (PO:0009007). POC:curators estructura vegetal colectiva (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 集合的植物構造 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044). Laurel_Cooper 2013-04-05T17:15:40Z GO:0048046 GO:0055044 PO_GIT:530 savia de la planta (Spanish, exact) 植物液 (Japanese, exact) plant_anatomy PO:0025538 Plant sap should not be confused with latex, resins or plant cell cytoplasm. plant sap PO:0025538 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that is an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast (GO:0048046) or symplast (GO:0055044). POC:Laurel_Cooper savia de la planta (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 植物液 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that consists of a complex mixture of organic aromatic compounds such as mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids. Laurel_Cooper 2014-04-10T09:51:14Z CHEBI:24913 CHEBI:26873 PO_GIT:587 pitch (exact) plant_anatomy oleoresin (related) PO:0025603 Plant resins are often produced by Gymnosperms but not restricted to those plants. In the conifers, plant resins are constitutively and inducibly produced through the secretory activity of resin cells (PO:0025604), and can be exuded through a resin canal (PO:0005665) to a site of injury or predator attack. plant resin PO:0025603 A portion of plant substance (PO:0025161) that consists of a complex mixture of organic aromatic compounds such as mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoids. PMID:11337413 POC:Laurel_Cooper A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). Laurel_Cooper 2014-05-13T16:51:47Z PO_GIT:586 plant_anatomy PO:0025606 A native plant cell is one that is not grown or maintained in vitro, nor part of an in vitro plant structure (PO:0000004). native plant cell PO:0025606 A plant cell (PO:0009002) that is either part of a multicellular whole plant (PO:0000003) 'in vivo' or a unicellular organism 'in natura' (i.e. part of a natural environment). POC:Laurel_Cooper A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. rwalls 2010-07-15T02:56:11Z PO_GIT:139 PO_GIT:68 fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) sporophytic development stage (exact) sporophytic phase (exact) sporphyte phase (exact) 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) plant_structure_development_stage PO:0028002 A whole plant (PO:0000003) in the sporophyte development stage usually has twice the chromosome complement of a plant in the gametophytic phase, but may not in the case of apogamy. Examples of apogamy include both naturally occurring instances (such as sporophytes arising form haploid cells as in bryophytes or ferns) as well as in vitro instances (such as haploid embryo culture or in vitro fusion of non-gamete cells or protoplasts). During the sporophyte development stage, a plant may produce meiospores by meiosis. sporophyte development stage PO:0028002 A whole plant development stage (PO:0007033) that has as primary participant a whole plant (PO:0000003) during the interval between fertilization (or apogamy) and death. POC:curators fase esporof&#237tica (Spanish, exact) POC:Maria_Alejandra_Gandolfo 胞子体発生過程 (Japanese, exact) NIG:Yukiko_Yamazaki RO:0002577 A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated. May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43 system UBERON:0000010 A major division of the nervous system that contains nerves which connect the central nervous system (CNS) with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands. PNS pars peripherica systema nervosum periphericum peripheral nervous system UBERON:0000014 Any portion of the organ that covers that body and consists of a layer of epidermis and a layer of dermis. portion of skin region of skin skin skin region skin zone zone of skin UBERON:0000019 An organ of sight that includes the camera-type eyeball and supporting structures such as the lacrimal apparatus, the conjunctiva, the eyelid. eye regio orbitalis vertebrate eye camera-type eye plus associated structures eyes orbital part of face orbital region camera-type eye UBERON:0000020 An organ that is capable of transducing sensory stimulus to the nervous system. organ of sense organ system organ of sensory organ system organ of sensory system sense organ system organ sensory organ sensory organ system organ sensory system organ sensillum Sinnesorgan sensor sense organ UBERON:0000021 Anatomical projection that protrudes from the skin. Examples: hair, nail, feather, claw, hoof, horn, wattle, spur, beak, antler, bristle and some scales. skin appendage epidermal appendage epidermal growth cutaneous appendage UBERON:0000022 One of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. Feathers are formed in tiny follicles in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins. feather UBERON:0000025 Any hollow cylindrical anatomical structure containing a lumen through which substances are transported. anatomical tube duct tube UBERON:0000033 The head is the anterior-most division of the body [GO]. head (volume) adult head cephalic area head UBERON:0000047 An eye with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity. simple eye UBERON:0000055 A tubular structure that contains, conveys body fluid, such as blood or lymph. vessel UBERON:0000060 Organ component adjacent to an organ cavity and which consists of a maximal aggregate of organ component layers. wall wall of organ organ wall anatomical wall UBERON:0000061 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. biological structure connected biological structure anatomical structure UBERON:0000062 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. anatomical unit body organ element organ UBERON:0000063 A part of an organ that constitutes a distinct modular sub-unit. In some cases, the organ may also contain other sub-units of identical or similar types, in other cases this may be a distinct entity. organ region with fixed fiat boundary organ segment segment of organ organ subunit UBERON:0000064 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. cardinal organ part regional part of organ organ part UBERON:0000073 Any part or collection of parts of the central or peripheral nervous system. Parts may span both CNS and PNS. part of nervous system regional part of nervous system UBERON:0000075 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. skeletal system subdivision skeletal system part subdivision of skeletal system UBERON:0000076 The surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm. surface (external) ectoderm surface ectoderm external ectoderm UBERON:0000077 An anatomical structure that develops from the endoderm and the mesoderm. mixed endoderm/mesoderm-derived structure UBERON:0000078 An anatomical structure that develops from the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. mixed ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm-derived structure UBERON:0000122 A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle neuron projection bundle UBERON:0000125 A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections. (CUMBO). nucleus nervous system nucleus neuraxis nucleus neuronal nucleus nucleus of CNS nucleus of neuraxis neural nucleus UBERON:0000153 anterior region of body UBERON:0000160 Segment of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus and, in humans and other mammals, consists of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. bowel intestinal tract intestine UBERON:0000161 Anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces (or a body space with the space surrounding the organism)[FMA,modified]. anatomical ostium ostium anatomical orifice hilum orifice UBERON:0000162 Common chamber into which the intestines and excretory system opens. Arises during development in all vertebrates, but in many it becomes subdivided, lost or incorporated into other structures. cloacal chamber vent cloaca UBERON:0000163 Endoderm-lined chamber that develops as pouch-like dilation of the caudal end of the hindgut and receives the allantois ventrally and two mesonephric ducts laterally; caudally it ends blindly at the cloacal membrane formed by the union of proctodeal (anal pit) ectoderm and cloacal endoderm, with no intervening mesoderm[MP]. cloaca embryonic cloaca UBERON:0000164 The ventral part of the cloaca remaining after septation of the rectum, which further develops into part of the bladder, part of the prostatic part of the male urethra and the urethra and vestibule in females. urogenital sinus UGS fetal UGS sinus urogenitalis primitive urogenital sinus UBERON:0000165 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). regio oralis adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris mouth UBERON:0000166 The orifice that connects the mouth to the exterior of the body. oral fissure oral orifice mouth oral part of face oral opening UBERON:0000172 A bodily fluid consisting of the expulsed contents of the stomach disgorged through the mouth or nose that happens as a result of a vomit reflex. vomitus vomit UBERON:0000173 Amniotic fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of watery liquid surrounding and cushioning a growing fetus within the amnion. It allows the fetus to move freely without the walls of the uterus being too tight against its body. Buoyancy is also provided. The composition of the fluid changes over the course of gestation. Initially, amniotic fluid is similar to maternal plasma, mainly water with electrolytes. As the fetus develops, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, phospholipids originating from the lungs, fetal cells, and urea are deposited in the fluid. acqua amnii liquor amnii amniotic fluid UBERON:0000174 A portion of organism substance that is the product of an excretion process that will be eliminated from the body. An excretion process is elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. excreted substance portion of excreted substance waste substance excretion excreta UBERON:0000175 Pleural effusion is a bodily fluid that is produced in exess and accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs. Excessive amounts of such fluid can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs during inhalation. pleural effusion UBERON:0000176 A bodily fluid secreted from the body via the mouth or nose. oronasal discharge oronasal secretion UBERON:0000177 Pus is a bodily fluid consisting of a whitish-yellow or yellow substance produced during inflammatory responses of the body that can be found in regions of pyogenic bacterial infections. Pus is produced from the dead and living cells which travel into the intercellular spaces around the affected cells. purulent exudate pus UBERON:0000178 A fluid that is composed of blood plasma and erythrocytes. portion of blood vertebrate blood whole blood blood UBERON:0000179 Circulating fluid that is part of the hemolymphoid system. Blood, lymph, interstitial fluid or its analogs. blood or blood analog circulating fluid haemolymphatic fluid UBERON:0000307 Organism at the blastula stage - an early stage of embryonic development in animals. It is produced by cleavage of a fertilized ovum and consists of a spherical layer of around 128 cells surrounding a central fluid-filled cavity called the blastocoel. The blastula follows the morula and precedes the gastrula in the developmental sequence. blastula embryo blastosphere blastula UBERON:0000323 An embryo that is at the late embryonic stage; this stage covers late steps of the embryogenesis with a fully formed embryo still developing before birth or egg hatching. fetus embryo late growth stage embryo late stage late embryo UBERON:0000328 The wall of the digestive tract. This encompasses all parts of the digestive tract with the exception of the lumen (cavity). digestive tract wall wall of digestive tract wall of gut wall of alimentary tract gut wall UBERON:0000344 A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa mucosa UBERON:0000349 A set of midline structures surrounding the brainstem of the mammalian brain, originally described anatomically, e.g., hippocampal formation, amygdala, hypothalamus, cingulate cortex. Although the original designation was anatomical, the limbic system has come to be associated with the system in the brain subserving emotional functions. As such, it is very poorly defined and doesn't correspond closely to the anatomical meaning any longer. [BirnLex]. visceral brain limbic system UBERON:0000383 The subdivision of the musculoskeletal system that consists of all the muscles of the body[VSAO, modified]. muscle system muscle system of body muscular system musculature system set of all muscles set of muscles of body vertebrate muscular system muskelsystem musculature of body UBERON:0000456 A portion of organism substance that is produced by exocrine glands. secretion bodily secretion exocrine gland fluid/secretion secreted substance exocrine gland fluid exocrine gland fluid or secretion exocrine gland secretion external secretion secretion of exocrine gland UBERON:0000463 Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body. body fluid or substance body substance organism substance portion of body substance portion of organism substance organism substance UBERON:0000464 Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures. lumen space lumen space anatomical spaces anatomical space UBERON:0000465 Anatomical entity that has mass. material anatomical entity UBERON:0000466 Anatomical entity that has no mass. immaterial physical anatomical entity immaterial anatomical entity UBERON:0000467 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems anatomical system UBERON:0000468 Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell. organism multi-cellular organism Koerper body whole body whole organism multicellular organism UBERON:0000475 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part organism subdivision UBERON:0000476 Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue. acellular anatomical structures acellular anatomical structure UBERON:0000477 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. anatomical cluster UBERON:0000478 A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis. extra-embryonic structure extraembryonic structures extraembryonic tissue extraembryonic structure UBERON:0000479 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue tissue UBERON:0000481 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types. multi-tissue structures multi-tissue structure UBERON:0000483 Portion of tissue, that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and which is underlain by a basal lamina. Examples: simple squamous epithelium, glandular cuboidal epithelium, transitional epithelium, myoepithelium[CARO]. epithelial tissue portion of epithelium epithelium UBERON:0000484 Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells. epithelium simplex cuboideum simple cuboidal epithelia simple cuboidal epithelium UBERON:0000485 Unilaminar epithelium, which consists of a single layer of columnar cells. Examples: ciliated columnar epithelium, gastric epithelium, microvillus columnar epithelium.[FMA]. columnar epithelium columnar epithlium epithelium simplex columnare simple columnar epithelium simple columnar epithelia simple columnar epithelium UBERON:0000486 Epithelium which consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells that may or may not be in contact with a basement membrane. Examples: keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, ciliated stratified columnar epithelium.[FMA]. stratified epithelium laminated epithelium multilaminar epithelium UBERON:0000488 Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers. heterogenous epithelium atypical epithelia atypical epithelium UBERON:0000489 Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces. cavitated organ cavitated compound organs cavitated compound organ UBERON:0000490 Epithelium which consists of a single layer of epithelial cells. Examples: endothelium, mesothelium, glandular squamous epithelium.[FMA]. simple epithelium unilaminar epithelia unilaminar epithelium UBERON:0000910 A semifluid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. chymus chyme UBERON:0000911 Chyle is a bodily fluid consisting of a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats. chyle UBERON:0000912 Mucus is a bodily fluid consisting of a slippery secretion of the lining of the mucous membranes in the body. It is a viscous colloid containing antiseptic enzymes (such as lysozyme) and immunoglobulins. Mucus is produced by goblet cells in the mucous membranes that cover the surfaces of the membranes. It is made up of mucins and inorganic salts suspended in water. mucus UBERON:0000913 Interstitial fluid is a bodily fluid consisting of a solution which bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. It is the main component of the extracellular fluid, which also includes plasma and transcellular fluid. intercellular fluid tissue fluid interstitial fluid UBERON:0000915 Subdivision of trunk that lies between the head and the abdomen. thorax anterior subdivision of trunk upper body upper trunk thoracic segment of trunk UBERON:0000922 Anatomical entity that comprises the organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems. For example, for mammals, the process would begin with zygote formation and end with birth. For insects, the process would begin at zygote formation and end with larval hatching. For plant zygotic embryos, this would be from zygote formation to the end of seed dormancy. For plant vegetative embryos, this would be from the initial determination of the cell or group of cells to form an embryo until the point when the embryo becomes independent of the parent plant. embryonic organism developing organism developmental tissue embryo UBERON:0000923 A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the animal embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The three types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. embryonic tissue germinal layer primary germ layer embryonic germ layer embryonic germ layers germ layer UBERON:0000924 Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's three germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue. embryonic ectoderm ectoderm UBERON:0000925 Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut. entoderm endoderm UBERON:0000926 The middle germ layer of the embryo, between the endoderm and ectoderm. embryonic mesoderm entire mesoderm mesodermal mantle mesoderm UBERON:0000930 Anterior part of the embryonic digestive tract that develops into a mouth. The stomodeum includes as parts an invagination of the ectoderm and the stomodeal cavity. stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium mouth primordium primitive oral cavity stomatodeum stomodaeum mouth pit oral ectoderm oral pit stomodeum UBERON:0000948 A myogenic muscular circulatory organ found in the vertebrate cardiovascular system composed of chambers of cardiac muscle. It is the primary circulatory organ. chambered heart vertebrate heart branchial heart cardium heart UBERON:0000955 The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP]. encephalon suprasegmental levels of nervous system suprasegmental structures synganglion the brain brain UBERON:0000965 Transparent part of camera-type eye that helps to refract light to be focused on the retina. camera-type eye lens eye lens lens lens crystallina crystalline lens lenses ocular lens lens of camera-type eye UBERON:0000966 The retina is the innermost layer or coating at the back of the eyeball, which is sensitive to light and in which the optic nerve terminates. inner layer of eyeball retina of camera-type eye tunica interna of eyeball Netzhaut retinas retina UBERON:0000970 An organ that detects light. light-detecting organ visual apparatus eye UBERON:0000982 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. articulation joint articular joint joints skeletal joint UBERON:0000990 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction. genital system genitalia Geschlechtsorgan animal reproductive system genital tract organa genitalia reproductive tissue reproductive tract systemata genitalia reproductive system UBERON:0000991 Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis). gonada gonads gonad UBERON:0001003 The outer epithelial layer of the skin that is superficial to the dermis. epidermis skin vertebrate epidermis skin epidermis UBERON:0001004 Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration. apparatus respiratorius respiratory system Atmungssystem apparatus respiratorius systema respiratorium respiratory system UBERON:0001007 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes. alimentary system alimentary tract gastrointestinal system gut digestive system UBERON:0001008 The renal system in an anatomical system that maintains fluid balance and contributes to electrolyte balance, acid/base balance, and disposal of nitrogenous waste products. excretory system systema urinaria systema urinarium urinary system urinary tract renal or urinary system renal/urinary system renal system UBERON:0001009 Organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, etc. to and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis[WP]. systema cardiovasculare circulatory system UBERON:0001013 Portion of connective tissue composed of adipocytes enmeshed in areolar tissue. fat fat tissue fatty tissue adipose bodyfat fatty depot adipose tissue UBERON:0001015 A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles muscle system muscles musculature system musculature UBERON:0001016 The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO]. neurological system nerve net systema nervosum nervous system UBERON:0001017 The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the neural tube derivatives: the brain and spinal cord. In invertebrates it includes central ganglia plus nerve cord. CNS systema nervosum centrale cerebrospinal axis neuraxis central nervous system UBERON:0001021 An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. nerves peripheral nerve neural subtree nerve UBERON:0001032 Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. organa sensuum sense organ subsystem sense organs sense organs set sensory subsystem sensory systems organa sensuum sensory organ system set of sense organs sensory system UBERON:0001041 Anterior subdivision of a digestive tract. praeenteron proenteron foregut UBERON:0001046 The caudalmost subdivision of a digestive tract. metenteron hindgut UBERON:0001048 Primordia are populations of contiguous cells that are morphologically distinct and already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue[FBbt, Hartenstein, V. (2004)]. bud future organ placode primordia rudiment primordium UBERON:0001049 In the developing vertebrate, the neural tube is the embryo's precursor to the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually deepens as the neural folds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into a closed tube, the neural tube or neural canal (which strictly speaking is the center of the neural tube), the ectodermal wall of which forms the rudiment of the nervous system. [WP,unvetted]. neural primordium presumptive central nervous system tubus neuralis neural tube UBERON:0001062 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. anatomical entity UBERON:0001084 A zone of skin that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head zone of skin head skin head zone of skin zone of skin of adult head zone of skin of head skin of head UBERON:0001085 A zone of skin that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. torso zone of skin trunk skin trunk zone of skin zone of skin of torso zone of skin of trunk skin of trunk UBERON:0001087 Transudate contained in the pleural cavity. pleural fluid UBERON:0001088 Excretion that is the output of a kidney. urine UBERON:0001089 Secretion produced by a sweat gland. skin exudate sweat UBERON:0001090 Joint fluid is a transudate of plasma that is actively secreted by synovial cells. joint fluid synovial fluid UBERON:0001135 Muscle tissue which is unstriated, composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers surrounded by a reticulum of collagen and elastic fibers. Smooth muscle differs from striated muscle in the much higher actin/myosin ratio, the absence of conspicuous sarcomeres and the ability to contract to a much smaller fraction of its resting length[GO]. involuntary muscle non-striated muscle smooth muscle textus muscularis nonstriatus visceral muscle visceral muscle tissue textus muscularis levis; textus muscularis nonstriatus smooth muscle tissue UBERON:0001242 Mucosal layer that lines the intestine. bowel mucosa bowel mucosa of organ bowel mucous membrane bowel organ mucosa intestine mucosa intestine mucosa of organ intestine mucous membrane intestine organ mucosa mucosa of bowel mucosa of intestine mucosa of organ of bowel mucosa of organ of intestine mucous membrane of bowel mucous membrane of intestine organ mucosa of bowel organ mucosa of intestine tunica mucosa intestini intestinal mucosa UBERON:0001262 An anatomical wall that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. anatomical wall of bowel anatomical wall of intestine bowel anatomical wall bowel wall intestinal wall intestine anatomical wall intestine wall wall of bowel bowel wall wall of intestine UBERON:0001277 Epithelial layer that lines the intestine. bowel epithelial tissue bowel epithelium epithelial tissue of bowel epithelial tissue of intestine epithelium of bowel epithelium of intestine intestine epithelial tissue villous epithelium intestine epithelium intestinal epithelium UBERON:0001353 The anus and surrounding regions. Encompasses both internal and external regions, where present. posterior posterior end of organism anal region UBERON:0001359 A clear, colorless, bodily fluid, that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord. CSF cerebral spinal fluid liquor cerebrospinalis spinal fluid cerebrospinal fluid UBERON:0001418 A zone of skin that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. thoracic skin thorax skin thorax zone of skin zone of skin of thorax upper body skin skin of thorax UBERON:0001421 An organism subdivision that includes the pectoral girdle skeleton and associated soft tissue. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). Examples: There are only two instances in an organism, right and left pectoral girdle regions. cingulum membri superioris girdle - pectoral cingulum membri superioris shoulder girdle upper limb girdle pectoral girdle pectoral region pectoral girdle region UBERON:0001422 A lymphatic vessel that is part of a face [Automatically generated definition]. buccal lymphatic vessel face lymph vessel face lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of face lymphatic vessel of face FL facial lymphatic vessel UBERON:0001425 PL pectoral lymphatic vessel UBERON:0001434 Anatomical system that is a multi-element, multi-tissue anatomical cluster that consists of the skeleton and the articular system. skeleton system set of all bones and joints Skelettsystem skeletal system UBERON:0001444 head subdivision head region region of head subdivision of head UBERON:0001456 A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). facia/facies visage face UBERON:0001473 A vessel that contains or conveys lymph, that originates as an interfibrillar or intercellular cleft or space in a tissue or organ, and that if small has no distinct walls or walls composed only of endothelial cells and if large resembles a vein in structure[BTO]. lymph vessel vas lymphaticum lymphatic vessel UBERON:0001474 Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. bone organ bone bones bone element UBERON:0001555 A tube extending from the mouth to the anus. gut digestive tube enteric tract alimentary canal alimentary tract digestive canal gut tube digestive tract UBERON:0001605 The ciliary muscle is a ring of smooth muscle in the middle layer of the eye that controls the eye's accommodation for viewing objects at varying distances and regulates the flow of aqueous humour through Schlemm's canal. [WP,unvetted]. musculus ciliarus Bowman`s muscles ciliaris musculus ciliaris ciliary muscle UBERON:0001606 iris muscle iris muscle organ muscle organ of iris muscle of iris UBERON:0001630 Organ consisting of a tissue made up of various elongated cells that are specialized to contract and thus to produce movement and mechanical work[GO]. muscle muscle organ UBERON:0001708 Subdivision of skeleton which includes upper and lower jaw skeletons. jaw jaw cartilage mandibular arch skeleton anterior splanchnocranium jaws mandibular arch oral jaw skeleton pharyngeal arch 1 skeleton visceral arch 1 jaw skeleton UBERON:0001710 Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. mandibular part of mouth lower part of mouth mandibular series lower jaw region UBERON:0001766 The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, and bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and part of the crystalline lens. anterior chamber anterior chamber of eye camera anterior eye anterior chamber camera anterior bulbi camera anterior bulbi oculi camera oculi anterior anterior chamber of eyeball UBERON:0001768 The pigmented middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye, consisting of the iris, ciliary body and choroid[WP,edited]. tunica vasculosa of eyeball uvea uveal tract pars iridica retinae tunica vasculatis oculi tunica vasculosa bulbi vascular layer of eyeball uvea UBERON:0001769 The adjustable membrane, composed of the stroma and pigmented epithelium, located just in front of the crystalline lens within the eye. anterior uvea irides irises iris UBERON:0001775 The thickened portion of the vascular tunic, which lies between the choroid and the iris, composed of ciliary muscle and ciliary processes. ocular ciliary body anterior uvea ciliary bodies corpus ciliare ciliary body UBERON:0001776 Vascular layer containing connective tissue, of the eye lying between the retina and the sclera. The choroid provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, the choroid forms the uveal tract[WP]. choroid choroid coat choroidea eye choroid posterior uvea chorioid choroidea optic choroid optic choroid UBERON:0001778 A double layer covering the ciliary body that produces aqueous humor. ciliary body epithelium epithelium of ciliary body ocular ciliary epithelium ciliary epithelium UBERON:0001796 A thick watery refractive medium that fills the space between the lens and the cornea[WP]. aqueous humor aqueous humour humor aquosus aqueous humor of eyeball UBERON:0001797 A transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina. portion of vitreous humor humor vitreous humor vitreus vitreous whole portion of vitreous humor humoral fluid ocular fluid vitreous fluid vitreous humour vitreous humor UBERON:0001798 Gelatinous mucoid tissue that is composed of vitreous humor and fills the cavity behind the crystalline lens of the eye and in front of the retina[MP,modified]. vitreous body UBERON:0001799 The chamber in the eyeball enclosing the vitreous humor, bounded anteriorly by the lens and ciliary body and posteriorly by the posterior wall of the eyeball[BTO,modified]. camera postrema camera postrema bulbi oculi camera vitrea camera vitrea bulbi postremal chamber postremal chamber of eyeball vitreous chamber vitreous chamber of eyeball UBERON:0001801 Any of the parts of the eye that lie in front of, or ventral to, the lens (inclusive). anterior eye segment anterior segment eye anterior segment of eye anterior segment of the eye eye anterior segment segmentum anterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum anterius bulbi oculi anterior segment of eyeball UBERON:0001802 Any of the parts of the eye that lie in back of, or dorsal to, the lens (but not inclusive). eye posterior segment posterior eye segment posterior segment eye posterior segment of eye posterior segment of the eye segmentum posterius (bulbus oculi) segmentum posterius bulbi oculi posterior segment of eyeball UBERON:0001803 A layer of epithelial cells that is part of the eye. epithelial tissue of eye lens epithelial tissue of lens epithelium lentis epithelium of eye lens eye lens epithelial tissue eye lens epithelium lens epithelial tissue lens epithelium epithelium of lens UBERON:0001836 A fluid produced in the oral cavity by salivary glands, typically used in predigestion, but also in other functions. salivary gland secretion sailva normalis saliva atomaris saliva molecularis saliva UBERON:0001866 Fatty lubricant matter secreted by sebaceous glands, and made of made of triglyceride oils, wax, squalene, and metabolytes of fat-producing cells[BTO,WP]. sebum UBERON:0001886 A network formed by blood vessels and the tela choroidea which secretes CSF into the ventricular spaces. CP chorioid plexus plexus choroideus choroid plexus of cerebral hemisphere plexus choroideus ventricular choroid plexus choroid plexus UBERON:0001890 The most anterior region of the brain including both the telencephalon and diencephalon. FB prosencephalon forebrain UBERON:0001893 Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres. supratentorial region cerebrum endbrain telencephalon UBERON:0001894 The division of the forebrain that develops from the foremost primary cerebral vesicle. DiE between brain interbrain mature diencephalon thalamencephalon betweenbrain diencephalon diencephalon UBERON:0001898 A specialized brain region of the ventral diencephalon arising near the end of the segmentation period; the embryonic hypothalamic region will give rise to the posterior pituitary gland as well as a number of brain nuclei. [ZFA]. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).[Wikipedia]. Hy preoptico-hypothalamic area preoptico-hypothalamic region hypothalamus hypothalamus UBERON:0001913 An emulsion of fat globules within a fluid that is secreted by the mammary gland during lactation. mammary gland milk milk UBERON:0001969 The liquid component of blood, in which erythrocytes are suspended. plasma portion of plasma blood plasm portion of blood plasma blood plasma UBERON:0001970 Vital aqueous secretion of the liver that is formed by hepatocytes and modified down stream by absorptive and secretory properties of the bile duct epithelium. fel gall bile UBERON:0001981 A vessel through which blood circulates in the body. vascular element region of vascular tree organ vascular tree organ region vas sanguineum blood vessel UBERON:0001988 Portion of semisolid bodily waste discharged through the anus[MW,modified]. excreta faeces fecal material fecal matter piece of shit portion of excrement portion of faeces portion of fecal material portion of fecal matter portion of feces portionem cacas stool cow dung cow pat dung fewmet frass guano portion of dung portion of guano portion of scat scat spraint droppings excrement ordure spoor feces UBERON:0002020 A nervous system structure composed primarily of nerve cell bodies (somas). May also include dendrites and the initial unmyelinated portion of axons. gray matter gray matter of neuraxis grey matter grey matter of neuraxis grey substance neuronal grey matter substantia grisea gray mater grisea gray matter UBERON:0002049 An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure contains fluid that is actively transported around the organism[ZFA]. Examples: vasculature of lung, vasculature of face. vascular network vasculature UBERON:0002050 Anatomical structure that is part of an embryo. developing embryonic structure embryonic anatomical structure developing structure embryonale Struktur embryonic structures embryonic structure UBERON:0002067 The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, and is composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis[WP]. vertebrate dermis corium cutis dermis UBERON:0002072 Lowermost layer of the integumentary system in vertebrates. Types of cells that are found in the hypodermis are fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages. It is derived from the mesoderm, but unlike the dermis, it is not derived from the dermatome region of the mesoderm. The hypodermis is used mainly for fat storage[WP]. hypoderm vertebrate hypodermis sub-tegumental tissue subcutaneous tissue subcutis subtegumental tissue superficial fascia tela subcutanea hypodermis UBERON:0002075 An organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system. Examples: heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen. visceral organ visceral organ system splanchnic tissue viscera visceral tissue viscus UBERON:0002090 The postcranial subdivision of skeleton structural components forming the long axis of the vertebrate body; in Danio, consisting of the notochord, vertebrae, ribs, supraneurals, intermuscular bones, and unpaired median fins; in human consists of the bones of the vertebral column, the thoracic cage and the pelvis[ZFA+FMA]. axial skeleton post-cranial axial skeleton postcranial axial skeleton UBERON:0002091 Subdivision of skeleton which which consists of all the skeletal elements in in the pectoral and pelvic appendage complexes[cjm]. appendicular skeleton entire appendicular skeleton paired fin skeleton skeleton appendiculare appendicular skeleton UBERON:0002097 The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis. entire skin skin organ entire integument integument integumental organ pelt skin skin of body UBERON:0002099 The thin membranous structure between the two heart atria or the thick muscular structure between the two heart ventricles. cardiac septa heart septa heart septum septum of heart spiral septa cardiac septum UBERON:0002100 Organism subdivision which is the part of the body posterior to the cervical region (or head, when cervical region not present) and anterior to the caudal region. Includes the sacrum when present. thoracolumbar region torso trunk region Rumpf trunk UBERON:0002104 The sensory system subserving the sense of vision. photosensory system visual organ system visual system UBERON:0002190 A portion of adipose tissue that is part of the hypodermis, beneath the dermis. panniculus adiposus fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue hypodermis fat layer panniculus adiposus (tela subcutanea) panniculus adiposus telae subcutaneae subcutaneous fat layer fatty layer of superficial fascia subcutaneous fat subcutaneous adipose tissue UBERON:0002193 Anatomical cluster consisting of the hematopoietic system and the lymphoid system, or its analogs. hematolymphoid system lymphomyeloid complex haemolymphoid system hemolymphoid system UBERON:0002199 The dermis, epidermis and hypodermis. dermis plus epidermis plus hypodermis integumentum commune skin and subcutaneous tissue skin plus hypodermis the integument dermal system dermoid system skin tegument vertebrate integument integument UBERON:0002200 Vasculature that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head vascular network adult head vasculature cranial vasculature head vascular network vascular network of adult head vascular network of head vasculature of adult head head vasculature vasculature of head UBERON:0002201 A vasculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. torso vascular network torso vasculature trunk vascular network trunk vasculature vascular network of torso vascular network of trunk vasculature of torso vasculature of trunk UBERON:0002203 Vasculature that is part of the eye region. eye vascular network ocular blood vessel ocular vasculature vascular network of eye eye vasculature optic vasculature vasculature of eye UBERON:0002204 Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. musculo-skeletal system musculoskeletal system UBERON:0002217 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint diarthrodial joints synovial joint UBERON:0002271 hypothalamus periventricular zone zona periventricularis hypothalamicae periventricular zone of the hypothalamus periventricular zone of hypothalamus UBERON:0002285 A brain ventricle that is part of a telencephalon. In mammals and species with an evaginated telencephalon, this is one of a pair of lateral structures, one in each hemisphere. lateral ventricle lateral ventricles telencephalic ventricle telencephalon lateral ventricle forebrain ventricle lateral ventricle of brain tectal ventricle telencephalic ventricles telencephalic vesicle telencephalic ventricle UBERON:0002297 The yellow or brown waxy secretions produced by vestigial apocrine sweat glands in the external ear canal[MESH]. ear wax earwax cerumen UBERON:0002307 Part of choroid plexus contained in the lateral ventricle. chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of lateral ventricle choroid plexus telencephalic ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle choroid plexus choroid plexus of lateral ventricle UBERON:0002308 A neural nucleus that is part of the brain. brain nucleus brain nuclei nucleus of brain UBERON:0002329 Somites are spheres of epithelial cells that form sequentially along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo through mesenchymal to epithelial transition of the presomitic mesoderm. mesodermal cluster epimere epimere mesoderm epithelial somite somites somitic mesoderm somitus somite UBERON:0002342 A specialized region of ectoderm found between the neural ectoderm (neural plate) and non-neural ectoderm and composed of highly migratory pluripotent cells that delaminate in early embryonic development from the dorsal neural tube and give rise to an astounding variety of differentiated cell types[MP]. NC crista neuralis neural crest material neural crest UBERON:0002346 Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue. neural ectoderm neuroectoderm epithelium tubi neuralis; neuroectoderma neuaral ectoderm presumptive central nervous system ventral neurogenic region neurectoderm UBERON:0002384 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe connective tissue UBERON:0002385 Muscle tissue is a contractile tissue made up of actin and myosin fibers[GO]. muscular tissue portion of muscle tissue textus muscularis muscle tissue UBERON:0002390 Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. haematological system haemopoietic system organa haemopoietica Blutbildungssystem haematopoietic system hematological system hematolymphoid system hemopoietic system hematopoietic system UBERON:0002391 Lymph is the fluid that is formed when interstitial fluid enters the conduits of the lymphatic system through lymph capillaries[WP]. lympha lymph UBERON:0002405 Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies. immune system UBERON:0002416 Connected anatomical system that forms a barrier between an animal and its environment. In vertebrates, the integumental system consists of the epidermis, dermis plus associated glands and adnexa such as hair and scales. In invertebrates, the integumental system may include cuticle. integumentary system body surface dermal system external covering of organism integumentum commune organism surface surface integumental system UBERON:0002424 An epithelium that is part of the mouth and lines the oral cavity, typically stratified squamous, and may be para-, ortho- or non- keratinized. Primary barrier between oral environment and deeper tissues. epithelium of mucosa of mouth epithelium of oral mucosa oral epithelium UBERON:0002443 A blood vessel that is part of a choroid [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of choroid blood vessel of choroid coat blood vessel of choroidea blood vessel of posterior uvea choroid blood vessel choroid blood vessels choroid blood vessels set choroid coat blood vessel choroidea blood vessel posterior uvea blood vessel vasa sanguinea choroideae set of choroid blood vessels choroidal blood vessel UBERON:0002465 The lymphatic system in vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called lymph. It also includes the lymphoid tissue through which the lymph travels. Lymphoid tissue is found in many organs, particularly the lymph nodes, and in the lymphoid follicles associated with the digestive system such as the tonsils. The system also includes all the structures dedicated to the circulation and production of lymphocytes, which includes the spleen, thymus, bone marrow and the lymphoid tissue associated with the digestive system[WP]. lymphatic system lymphatic circulatory system lymphatic drainage system systema lymphoideum lymphoid system UBERON:0002481 Skeletal tissue with a collagen-rich extracellular matrix vascularized, mineralized with hydroxyapatite and typically including osteocytes located in lacunae that communicate with one another by cell processes (in canaliculi). Bone is deposited by osteoblasts. calcium tissue osseous tissue osteogenic tissue mineralized bone tissue bone portion of bone tissue bone tissue UBERON:0002506 An epithelium that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of iris epithelium of iris epithelium pigmentosum (iris) epithelium pigmentosum iridis iris epithelial tissue iris epithelium pigmented epithelium of iris iris pigmented epithelium iris epithelium UBERON:0002532 In amniote animal embryology, the epiblast is a tissue type derived either from the inner cell mass in mammals or the blastodisc in birds and reptiles. It lies above the hypoblast. In mammalian embryogenesis, the columnar cells of the epiblast are adjacent to the trophoblast, while the cuboidal cells of the hypoblast are closer to the blastocoele. The epiblast, whilst referred to as the primary ectoderm, differentiates to form all three layers of the trilaminar germ disc in a process called gastrulation[WP]. The outer of the two layers of the blastoderm that form during gastrulation, corresponding to primitive ectoderm during gastrulation and to the definitive ectoderm after gastrulation[ZFA]. epiblast blastocyst ectoblast epiblastus primitive ectoderm epiblast (generic) UBERON:0002535 Anatomical surface structure found in many aquatic organisms. It is a respiration organ whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial to the gas exchange of aquatic organisms as water contains only 1/20 parts dissolved Oxygen compared to air. With the exception of some aquatic insects, the filaments and lamellae (folds) contain blood or coelomic fluid, from which gases are exchanged through the thin walls. Oxygen is carried by the blood to other parts of the body. Carbon dioxide passes from the blood through the thin gill tissue into the water. Gills or gill-like organs, located in different parts of the body, are found in various groups of aquatic animals, including mollusks, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians. gill UBERON:0002539 One of a series of paired bulges that develop along the lateral walls of the foregut. The pharyngeal arches have developmental contributions from endoderm, mesoderm, and neural crest cells and are separated by anterior lateral endoderm out-pockets known as pharyngeal pouches. pharyngeal arches branchial arch arcus pharyngei visceral arch pharyngeal arch UBERON:0002546 Ectodermal placode that develops in the head into a part of the sensory nervous system. With a few exceptions (lens, adenohypophyseal), cranial placodes are neurogenic. ectodermal placode placode ectodermal cranial placode cranial placodes cranial placode UBERON:0002553 Anatomical space which contains portions of one or more body substances and is bounded by the internal surface of one maximally connected anatomical structure. Examples: cranial cavity, pharyngeal recess space, nasal cavity, tooth socket, cavity of serous sac, lumen of stomach, lumen of artery, fornix of vagina. cavity anatomical cavity UBERON:0002616 Anatomical divisons of the brain according to one or more criteria, e.g. cytoarchitectural, gross anatomy. Parts may be contiguous in 3D or not, e.g., basal ganglia. anatomical structure of brain biological structure of brain brain anatomical structure brain biological structure brain part neuraxis segment neuroanatomical region segment of brain regional part of brain UBERON:0003037 A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones[WP]. septa septum UBERON:0003056 The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction. anterior neural plate pre-chordal neural plate UBERON:0003059 Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form. segmental plate unsegmented paraxial mesoderm PSM presumptive somite mesoderm somitogenic mesoderm somitomeric mesoderm unsegmented mesenchyme presomitic mesoderm UBERON:0003061 Blood islands are structures in the developing embryo which lead to many different parts of the circulatory system. They primarily derive from plexuses formed from angioblasts. Within them, vacuoles appear through liquefaction of the central part of the syncytium into plasma. The lumen of the blood vessels thus formed is probably intracellular. The flattened cells at the periphery form the endothelium. The nucleated red blood corpuscles develop either from small masses of the original angioblast left attached to the inner wall of the lumen or directly from the flat endothelial cells. In either case the syncytial mass thus formed projects from and is attached to the wall of the vessel. Such a mass is known as a blood island and hemoglobin gradually accumulates within it. Later the cells on the surface round up, giving the mass a mulberry-like appearance. Then the red blood cells break loose and are carried away in the plasma. Such free blood cells continue to divide. Blood islands have been seen in the area vasculosa in the omphalomesenteric vein and arteries, and in the dorsal aorta[WP, unvetted]. ventral lateral plate mesoderm blood islands VBI caudal hematopoietic tissue posterior ICM posterior blood island ventral blood island blood island UBERON:0003063 A horseshoe-shaped thickening of the endoderm at the cranial (rostral) end of the primitive streak formed by the involution of Spemann's organizer cells which, together with the notochord, induces the formation of the neural plate from the overlying ectodermal cells and contributes mesodermal type cells to the surrounding tissue. head mesenchyme head mesoderm prechordal plate UBERON:0003064 The intermediate mesoderm is located between the lateral mesoderm and the paraxial mesoderm. It develops into the kidney and gonads. IM intermediate mesenchyme intermediate plate intermediate plate mesoderm mesenchyma intermedium intermediate mesoderm UBERON:0003068 The axial mesoderm includes the prechordal mesoderm and the chordamesoderm. It gives rise to the prechordal plate and to the notochord. chordamesoderm axial mesoderm UBERON:0003071 Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural keel and will form the optic vesicle[ZFA]. A paired ectodermal placode that becomes invaginated to form the embryonic lens vesicles. eye placode occular primordium ocular primordium optic placode optic placode of camera-type eye optic primordium eye anlage eye field optic field optic placodes eye primordium UBERON:0003072 Multi-tissue structure that is comprised of neural and non-neural epithelial layers which will form the retina and retinal pigmented epithelium of the mature eye[ZFA]. double walled structured formed by expansion and invagination of the distal end of the optic vesicle that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina while the mouth of the optic cup eventually forms the pupil of the eye[MP]. eye cup eyecup ocular cup ophtalmic cup optic cup UBERON:0003073 A thickened portion of ectoderm which serves as the precursor to the lens. SOX2 and Pou2f1 are involved in its development[WP]. lens placodes placoda lentis lens placode UBERON:0003075 A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube[XAO]. The earliest recognizable dorsal ectodermal primordium of the central nervous system present near the end of gastrulation before infolding to form the neural keel; consists of a thickened pseudostratified epithelium[ZFA]. lamina neuralis presumptive central nervous system neural plate UBERON:0003077 The paraxial mesoderm is the mesoderm located bilaterally adjacent to the notochord and neural tube[GO]. paraxial mesenchyme somitic mesoderm mesoderma paraxiale paraxial mesoderm UBERON:0003080 anterior neural tube UBERON:0003081 Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, is continuous with the extra-embryonic mesoderm, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures[MP]. LPM lateral mesoderm lateral plate lateral plate mesenchyme mesoderma laminae lateralis lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0003084 Bilateral groups of cells consisting of three rows: one row of endocardial precursors medially and two rows of myocardical precursors laterally. The two populations fuse at the midline to form the heart rudiment or cone. cardiac field fused heart primordium heart primordium UBERON:0003089 Ventral somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton[XAO]. Sclerotomes eventually differentiate into the vertebrae and most of the skull. The caudal (posterior) half of one sclerotome fuses with the rostral (anterior) half of the adjacent one to form each vertebra. From their initial location within the somite, the sclerotome cells migrate medially towards the notochord. These cells meet the sclerotome cells from the other side to form the vertebral body. From this vertebral body, sclerotome cells move dorsally and surround the developing spinal cord, forming the vertebral arch[WP]. sclerotomes sclerotomus sclerotome UBERON:0003099 Neural crest cells (NCCs) originating in the anterior part of the developing embryo and residing between the mid-diencephalon and the forming hindbrain; cranial NCCs migrate dorsolaterally to form the craniofacial mesenchyme that differentiates into various craniofacial cartilages and bones, cranial neurons, glia, and connective tissues of the face; these cells enter the pharyngeal pouches and arches where they give rise to thymic cells, bones of the middle ear and jaw (mandible), and the odontoblasts of the tooth primordia; like their counterparts in the trunk, cranial NCCs also contribute to the developing peripheral nervous system, along with the pigmented cell (i.e. melanocyte) lineage. CNC cephalic neural crest cranial NCC population head NCC population crista neuralis cranialis head crest head neural crest cranial neural crest UBERON:0003102 Anatomical structure that overlaps the outer epithelial layer and is adjacent to the space surrounding the organism. anatomical surface feature surface feature surface region surface structures surface structure UBERON:0003103 Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types. organ compound organ UBERON:0003104 Portion of tissue composed of mesenchymal cells (motile cells that develop from epthelia via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and surrounding extracellular material. Mesenchyme has different embryological origins in different metazoan taxa - in many invertebrates it derives in whole or part from ectoderm. In vertebrates it derives largely from mesoderm, and sometimes the terms are used interchangeably, e.g. lateral plate mesoderm/mesenchyme. mesenchymal tissue mesenchyme tissue portion of mesenchymal tissue portion of mesenchyme tissue mesenchyma mesenchyme UBERON:0003128 Upper portion of the skull that excludes the mandible (when present in the organism). bones of cranium ossa cranii set of bones of cranium skull minus mandible upper part of skull calvarium epicranial plate skeletal system of head cranium UBERON:0003129 Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. cranial skeleton skeletal system of head skull UBERON:0003133 An organ involved in reproduction. genital organ reproductive system organ sex organ genitalia reproductive organ UBERON:0003219 Septum that divides the internal chambers (camerae) of the shell of a cephalopod, namely nautiloids or ammonoids. shell septum UBERON:0003236 An epithelium that is part of a lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of lower jaw epithelial tissue of ventral mandibular arch epithelium of ventral mandibular arch lower jaw epithelial tissue lower jaw epithelium ventral mandibular arch epithelial tissue ventral mandibular arch epithelium epithelium of lower jaw UBERON:0003258 An endoderm that is part of a foregut [Automatically generated definition]. foregut endoderm endoderm of foregut UBERON:0003260 An endoderm that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. hindgut endoderm endoderm of hindgut UBERON:0003278 A subdivision of the skeleton that corresponds to the lower part of the mouth. The lower jaw skeleton includes the following elements, when present: lower jaw teeth, the mandible and other lower jaw bones, and Meckel's cartilage. lower jaw mandible lower jaw skeleton mandibles mandibular series skeleton of lower jaw UBERON:0003304 A blood island that is part of a mesoderm. mesoderm blood islands mesenchyme blood island mesoderm blood island UBERON:0003314 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing camera-type eye. mesenchyme of eye eye mesenchyme UBERON:0003324 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing lower jaw [Automatically generated definition]. lower jaw mesenchyme mesenchyme of ventral mandibular arch ventral mandibular arch mesenchyme mesenchyme of lower jaw UBERON:0003343 A mucosa that is part of a oral opening [Automatically generated definition]. mucosa of oral opening mucosa of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral opening mucosa of organ of oral part of face mucosa of organ of oral region mucosa of organ of subdivision of mouth mucosa of subdivision of mouth mucous membrane of oral opening mucous membrane of oral part of face mucous membrane of oral region mucous membrane of subdivision of mouth oral opening mucosa oral opening mucosa of organ oral opening mucous membrane oral opening organ mucosa oral part of face mucosa oral part of face mucosa of organ oral part of face mucous membrane oral part of face organ mucosa oral region mucosa oral region mucosa of organ oral region mucous membrane oral region organ mucosa organ mucosa of oral opening organ mucosa of oral part of face organ mucosa of oral region organ mucosa of subdivision of mouth subdivision of mouth mucosa subdivision of mouth mucosa of organ subdivision of mouth mucous membrane subdivision of mouth organ mucosa mucosa of oral region UBERON:0003350 A layer of epithelial cells on the surface of the mucosa. lamina epithelialis mucosa lamina epithelialis mucosae epithelium of mucosa UBERON:0003353 An epithelium that is part of a hindgut [Automatically generated definition]. epithelial tissue of hindgut hindgut epithelial tissue hindgut epithelium epithelium of hindgut UBERON:0003386 Any of the striated muscles that move the eye and include: superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique, retractor bulbi. ocular smooth muscle smooth muscle of eye UBERON:0003426 An adipose tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. adipose tissue of dermis dermis fat tissue dermis fatty tissue fat tissue of dermis fatty tissue of dermis dermis adipose tissue UBERON:0003439 A nerve that is part of the trunk region of the body (not to be confused with a nerve trunk). nerve of torso nerve of trunk torso nerve trunk nerve nerve of trunk region UBERON:0003456 A lymphatic vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel lymph vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymph vessel of respiratory system lymphatic vessel of apparatus respiratorius lymphatic vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymph vessel respiratory system lymphatic vessel UBERON:0003457 A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ craniofacial bone head bone UBERON:0003462 A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. bone of facial skeleton facial bone facial skeleton bone bone of viscerocranium viscerocranium bone facial bone UBERON:0003463 A bone that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. bone of torso bone of trunk bone organ of torso bone organ of trunk torso bone torso bone organ trunk bone organ trunk bone UBERON:0003496 A blood vessel that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head blood vessel blood vessel of adult head blood vessel of head head blood vessel UBERON:0003498 A blood vessel that is part of a heart [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of heart cardiac blood vessel heart blood vessel UBERON:0003499 A blood vessel that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of brain brain blood vessel UBERON:0003501 A blood vessel that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of inner layer of eyeball blood vessel of retina blood vessel of tunica interna of eyeball inner layer of eyeball blood vessel retinal blood vessel tunica interna of eyeball blood vessel retina blood vessel UBERON:0003504 A blood vessel that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius blood vessel blood vessel of apparatus respiratorius blood vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood vessel UBERON:0003511 A blood vessel that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of iris iris blood vessel UBERON:0003513 A blood vessel that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of torso blood vessel of trunk torso blood vessel trunk blood vessel UBERON:0003528 A gray matter that is part of a brain [Automatically generated definition]. brain grey matter brain grey substance gray matter of brain grey matter of brain grey substance of brain brain gray matter UBERON:0003566 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. adult head connective tissue adult head portion of connective tissue adult head textus connectivus connective tissue of adult head connective tissue of head head portion of connective tissue head textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of adult head portion of connective tissue of head textus connectivus of adult head textus connectivus of head head connective tissue UBERON:0003570 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius connective tissue apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius connective tissue of respiratory system portion of connective tissue of apparatus respiratorius portion of connective tissue of respiratory system respiratory system portion of connective tissue respiratory system textus connectivus textus connectivus of apparatus respiratorius textus connectivus of respiratory system respiratory system connective tissue UBERON:0003585 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a dermis [Automatically generated definition]. connective tissue of dermis dermis portion of connective tissue dermis textus connectivus portion of connective tissue of dermis textus connectivus of dermis dermis connective tissue UBERON:0003586 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. connective tissue of torso connective tissue of trunk portion of connective tissue of torso portion of connective tissue of trunk textus connectivus of torso textus connectivus of trunk torso connective tissue torso portion of connective tissue torso textus connectivus trunk portion of connective tissue trunk textus connectivus trunk connective tissue UBERON:0003714 Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue neural tissue UBERON:0003729 A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris buccal mucosa mucosal lining of mouth oral mucosa tunica mucosa oris mouth mucosa UBERON:0003824 A nerve that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. nerve of thorax thoracic segment nerve thorax nerve upper body nerve nerve of thoracic segment UBERON:0003827 A bone that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. bone of thorax bone organ of thorax thorax bone thorax bone organ upper body bone thoracic segment bone UBERON:0003831 Any muscle organ that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius muscle organ muscle organ of apparatus respiratorius muscle organ of respiratory system respiratory system muscle organ respiratory system muscle UBERON:0003834 A blood vessel that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. blood vessel of thorax thorax blood vessel upper body blood vessel thoracic segment blood vessel UBERON:0003837 A portion of connective tissue that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. connective tissue of thorax portion of connective tissue of thorax textus connectivus of thorax thorax connective tissue thorax portion of connective tissue thorax textus connectivus upper body connective tissue thoracic segment connective tissue UBERON:0003852 A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain. neural crest hindbrain rhombencephalic neural crest rhombomere neural crest rhombencephalon neural crest UBERON:0003855 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing gonad [Automatically generated definition]. gonada mesenchyme mesenchyme of gonad mesenchyme of gonada gonad mesenchyme UBERON:0003911 The epithelial component of the choroid plexus. Consists of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a core of capillaries and loose connective tissue. choroid plexus epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of choroid plexus epithelium of choroid plexus choroid plexus epithelium UBERON:0003914 Epithelial tubes transport gases, liquids and cells from one site to another and form the basic structure of many organs and tissues, with tube shape and organization varying from the single-celled excretory organ in Caenorhabditis elegans to the branching trees of the mammalian kidney and insect tracheal system. epithelial or endothelial tube epithelial tube UBERON:0003929 An epithelium that lines the lumen of the digestive tract. digestive tract epithelial tissue epithelial tissue of digestive tract epithelial tissue of gut epithelium of digestive tract epithelium of gut gastrodermis gut epithelial tissue gut epithelium alimentary tract epithelium digestive tract epithelium UBERON:0003947 The brain ventricles or their associated choroid plexuses. brain ventricle/choroid plexus UBERON:0004016 A transitional population of migrating mesenchymal cells that derive from somites and that will become dermal cells. cutis plate dermatomal mesenchyme epimere mesoderm mesenchyma dermatomiale dermatome UBERON:0004086 One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that like it are derived from the medullary canal of the embryo, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain a serous fluid. brain ventricles cerebral ventricle region of ventricular system of brain brain ventricle UBERON:0004088 The subdivision of the face that includes the eye (eyeball plus adnexa such as eyelids) and the orbit of the skull and associated parts of the face such as the eyebrows, if present. content of orbital part of eye eye region orbital part of face ocular and peri-ocular region ocular region orbital content orbital part of eye orbital region 2 UBERON:0004111 Any tube, opening or passage that connects two distinct anatomical spaces. foramen foramina opening ostia ostium anatomical conduit UBERON:0004118 A vasculature that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. iris blood vessels iris vascular network iris vasculature vascular network of iris vasculature of iris UBERON:0004119 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the endoderm. endoderm-derived structure UBERON:0004120 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the mesoderm. mesodermal derivative mesoderm-derived structure UBERON:0004121 An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative ectoderm-derived structure UBERON:0004122 Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction. urogenital system GU tract UG tract Urogenitalsystem genito-urinary system genitourinary tract urogenital tract genitourinary system UBERON:0004128 The optic vesicle is the evagination of neurectoderm that precedes formation of the optic cup[GO]. Portion of tissue that is comprised of neuroepitheium which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel and will form the optic cup[ZFA]. evagination eye vesicle ocular vesicle optic vesicles optic vesicle UBERON:0004139 The first recognizable structure derived from the heart field. myocardial plate cardiac crescent cardiogenic crescent heart rudiment cardiogenic plate UBERON:0004140 A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle. first heart field primary heart field FHF PHF heart field primary heart field UBERON:0004141 An epithelial tube that will give rise to the mature heart. embryonic heart tube endocardial heart tube endocardial tube heart tube UBERON:0004151 A cardiac chamber surrounds an enclosed cavity within the heart. chamber of heart heart chamber cardiac chamber UBERON:0004177 Organ that is part of the hematopoietic system. haematological system organ haemopoietic system organ hematopoeitic organ hematopoietic system organ organ of haematological system organ of haemopoietic system organ of hematopoietic system organ of organa haemopoietica organa haemopoietica organ hematopoeitic or lymphoid organ lymph organ lymphoid organ hemopoietic organ UBERON:0004185 A portions of the gut that is derived from endoderm. endodermal gut gut endoderm endodermal part of digestive tract UBERON:0004221 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a intestine [Automatically generated definition]. bowel involuntary muscle bowel non-striated muscle bowel smooth muscle bowel smooth muscle tissue intestine involuntary muscle intestine non-striated muscle intestine smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of bowel involuntary muscle of intestine non-striated muscle of bowel non-striated muscle of intestine smooth muscle of bowel smooth muscle of intestine smooth muscle tissue of bowel smooth muscle tissue of intestine intestinal muscularis intestinal smooth muscle intestine smooth muscle UBERON:0004225 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. respiratory smooth muscle smooth muscle of respiratory system airway smooth muscle airway smooth muscle cell respiratory system smooth muscle UBERON:0004226 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. smooth muscle tissue of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system smooth muscle UBERON:0004231 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of an anal region [Automatically generated definition]. anal part of perineum involuntary muscle anal part of perineum non-striated muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue anal region involuntary muscle anal region non-striated muscle anal region smooth muscle tissue anal triangle involuntary muscle anal triangle non-striated muscle anal triangle smooth muscle anal triangle smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of anal part of perineum involuntary muscle of anal region involuntary muscle of anal triangle non-striated muscle of anal part of perineum non-striated muscle of anal region non-striated muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle of anal part of perineum smooth muscle of anal region smooth muscle of anal triangle smooth muscle tissue of anal part of perineum smooth muscle tissue of anal region smooth muscle tissue of anal triangle anal region smooth muscle UBERON:0004232 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a lymphatic vessel [Automatically generated definition]. involuntary muscle of lymph vessel involuntary muscle of lymphatic vessel lymph vessel involuntary muscle lymph vessel non-striated muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue lymphatic vessel involuntary muscle lymphatic vessel non-striated muscle lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of lymph vessel non-striated muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle of lymph vessel smooth muscle of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymph vessel smooth muscle tissue of lymphatic vessel lymphatic vessel smooth muscle UBERON:0004234 A portion of smooth muscle tissue that is part of a iris [Automatically generated definition]. involuntary muscle of iris iridial smooth muscle iris involuntary muscle iris non-striated muscle iris smooth muscle tissue non-striated muscle of iris smooth muscle of iris smooth muscle tissue of iris iris smooth muscle UBERON:0004237 Smooth muscle found within, and composing the majority of the wall of blood vessels. blood vessel involuntary muscle blood vessel non-striated muscle blood vessel smooth muscle tissue involuntary muscle of blood vessel non-striated muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle of blood vessel smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel vascular smooth muscle vascular smooth muscle tissue blood vessel smooth muscle UBERON:0004253 Any muscle organ that is part of a skin of body [Automatically generated definition]. integumental system muscle muscle of integumental system muscle organ of skin skin muscle organ skin muscle UBERON:0004274 A choroid plexus epithelium that is part of a lateral ventricle [Automatically generated definition]. chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere of lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus of lateral ventricle lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelial tissue lateral ventricle chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere epithelium lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial tissue lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelial tissue of choroid plexus lateral ventricle epithelium of chorioid plexus of cerebral hemisphere lateral ventricle epithelium of choroid plexus lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelium UBERON:0004277 A muscle that is part of the eye region. eye muscle UBERON:0004288 Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg., bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body. set of all bones set of bones of body skeleton UBERON:0004290 The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome. dermamyotome dermomyotomes dermomyotome UBERON:0004291 A cone-like structure that is formed when myocardial progenitor cells of the heart field fuse at the midline. The heart rudiment is the first structure of the heart tube. heart cone rudimentary heart heart rudiment UBERON:0004296 A lymphatic vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. smooth muscle of lymph vessel of respiratory system respiratory system lymphatic vessel smooth muscle UBERON:0004297 A blood vessel smooth muscle that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. smooth muscle tissue of blood vessel of respiratory system respiratory system blood vessel smooth muscle UBERON:0004362 The first of the series of pharyngeal arches that develop into jaw bones or their homologs, and their associated nerves and arteries. 1st pharyngeal arch branchial arch 1 first branchial arch first pharyngeal arch first visceral arch mandibular arch visceral arch 1 1st arch 1st visceral arch arcus pharyngeus primus pharyngeal arch 1 UBERON:0004456 Sum of all sensory systems in an organism. sense organ system entire sense organ system UBERON:0004464 Any collection of muscles that is part of a thorax [Automatically generated definition]. muscle group of thorax muscles of thorax musculi thoracis set of muscles of thorax thoracic musculature musculature of thorax UBERON:0004471 A subdivision of the musculature of the body in the pectoral girdle region. Includes pectoral and shoulder muscles. muscle group of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle muscles pectoral girdle musculature set of muscles of pectoral girdle musculature of pectoral girdle UBERON:0004473 Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei set of facial muscles set of muscles of face musculature of face UBERON:0004479 Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition]. muscle group of trunk set of muscles of trunk muscular system of trunk musculature of trunk UBERON:0004521 A vasculature that is part of a muscle organ [Automatically generated definition]. muscular organ vasculature vasculature of muscle organ UBERON:0004522 A vasculature that is part of a musculoskeletal system [Automatically generated definition]. vasculature of musculoskeletal system UBERON:0004529 A projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body or organ. anatomical process process processus projection flange flanges lamella lamellae lamina laminae organ process papilla process of organ processes projection projections ridge ridges shelf shelves anatomical protrusion protrusion spine anatomical projection UBERON:0004535 Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels. CV system Herz und Gefaesssystem cardiovascular system UBERON:0004536 A network of blunt ended vessels lacking direct connection to the blood vascular system. These vessels collect and drain fluids and macromolecules from interstitial spaces throughout the animal. They derive from a subpopulation of endothelial cells and have walls that are much thinner than the blood carrying vessels. Lymphatic vessels are usually classified as either superficial or deep. lymphatic trunks and ducts lymphatic vasculature lymphatic vessel network lymphatic vessels set set of lymphatic vessels trunci et ductus lymphatici lymph vessels lymph vasculature UBERON:0004537 A vascular network consisting of blood vessels. blood vascular network set of blood vessels blood system blood vessel system blood vessels blood vasculature UBERON:0004716 The embryo and its adnexa (appendages or adjunct parts) or associated membranes (i.e. the products of conception) The conceptus includes all structures that develop from the zygote, both embryonic and extraembryonic. It includes the embryo as well as the embryonic part of the placenta and its associated membranes - amnion, chorion (gestational sac), and yolk sac[WP]. embryo plus adnexa conceptus UBERON:0004731 A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres). neural tube metameric segment neural tube segment neuromere neuromeres neural metamere neural segment neuromere UBERON:0004732 Any segmental subdivision of a nervous system. Includes metameric developmental segments, such as vertebrates neuromeres. neuromere segmental subdivision of nervous system UBERON:0004734 Organism at the gastrula stage. gastrula embryo blastocystis trilaminaris tri-laminar disc tri-laminar disk trilaminar blastocyst trilaminar blastoderm trilaminar disc trilaminar disk trilaminar germ gastrula UBERON:0004755 A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.[VSAO]. skeletal tissue UBERON:0004756 Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. dermal element dermal skeletal element UBERON:0004765 Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. skeletal element UBERON:0004766 A bone that is part of a cranium. cranium bone cranial bone UBERON:0004768 Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. lower jaw bone bone of lower jaw UBERON:0004770 Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body. joint system set of all joints of body set of all joints set of joints of body articular system UBERON:0004785 The mucous membrane lining the respiratory tract. apparatus respiratorius mucosa apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane mucosa of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of apparatus respiratorius mucosa of organ of respiratory system mucosa of respiratory system mucous membrane of apparatus respiratorius mucous membrane of respiratory system respiratory system mucosa of organ respiratory system mucous membrane laryngeal mucous membrane respiratory mucosa respiratory tract mucosa respiratory system mucosa UBERON:0004786 A mucosa that is part of a gastrointestinal system. digestive tract mucosa gut mucosa gut mucuous membrane mucosa of gut gastrointestinal system mucosa UBERON:0004797 Any of the tissue layers that comprise a blood vessel. Examples: tunica media, tunica adventitia. blood vessel layer UBERON:0004807 An epithelium that is part of a respiratory system [Automatically generated definition]. apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue apparatus respiratorius epithelium epithelial tissue of apparatus respiratorius epithelial tissue of respiratory system epithelium of apparatus respiratorius epithelium of respiratory system respiratory system epithelial tissue respiratory system epithelium UBERON:0004808 An epithelium that is part of a digestive system [Automatically generated definition]. digestive system epithelial tissue digestive system epithelium epithelial tissue of digestive system epithelial tissue of gastrointestinal system epithelium of digestive system epithelium of gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal system epithelial tissue gastrointestinal system epithelium UBERON:0004864 A vasculature that is part of a retina [Automatically generated definition]. retina vasculature retina vasculature of camera-type eye retinal blood vessels retinal blood vessels set retinal vasculature set of blood vessels of retina set of retinal blood vessels vasa sanguinea retinae vasculature of retina UBERON:0004872 Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall - overlies endoderm[WP]. visceral mesoderm inner layer of lateral plate mesoderm splanchnic mesoderm splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0004902 The fetal urogenital sinus (from which the prostate derives) is a simple cylinder of stratified basal epithelium, surrounded by mesenchyme and positioned between the embryonic bladder and pelvic urethra. UGE epithelium of urogenital sinus urogenital sinus epithelium UBERON:0004905 Anatomical cluster that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. joint articulation UBERON:0004906 A portion of the gut that is derived from ectoderm. ectodermal gut gut ectoderm ectodermal part of digestive tract UBERON:0004909 An epithelium surrounding a gonad. gonad epithelium gonadal epithelium gonadal sheath epithelium of gonad UBERON:0004921 A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. alimentary system subdivision gut section intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system subdivision of digestive tract UBERON:0004923 A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. organ component layer UBERON:0005057 An organ that is part of a immune system [Automatically generated definition]. immune system organ immune organ UBERON:0005061 The median dorsal longitudinal groove formed in the embryo by the neural plate after the appearance of the neural folds. neural groove UBERON:0005062 One of the two elevated edges of the neural groove[GO,MP]. medullary fold neural fold UBERON:0005068 A solid rod of neurectoderm derived from the neural keel. The neural rod is roughly circular in cross section. Neural rod formation occurs during primary neurulation in teleosts[GO]. An intermediate stage in the development of the central nervous system present during the segmentation period; the neural rod is roughly cylindrical in shape, forms from the neural keel, and is not yet hollowed out into the neural tube[ZFIN]. neural tube rod neural rod UBERON:0005085 An ectodermal placode is a thickening of the ectoderm that is the primordium of many structures derived from the ectoderm[GO]. epithelial placode ectodermal placode UBERON:0005090 Muscle structures are contractile cells, tissues or organs that are found in multicellular organisms[GO]. musculus muscle muscle element muscle structure UBERON:0005156 Any anatomical structure that is part of the reproductive system. reproductive system element reproductive system structure reproductive structure UBERON:0005157 An epithelial sheet bent on a linear axis. epithelial fold UBERON:0005162 A structure consisting of multiple cell components but which is not itself a cell and does not have (complete) cells as a part. multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure cell part cluster multi cell part structure UBERON:0005177 An organ or element that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions. trunk organ trunk region element UBERON:0005178 An organ or element that is in the thoracic cavity. Examples: lung, heart, longus colli. thoracic cavity organ thoracic cavity element UBERON:0005181 An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions. upper body organ thoracic segment organ UBERON:0005253 Portion of primordial embryonic connective tissue of the developing head, consisting of mesenchymal cells supported in interlaminar jelly, that derive mostly from the mesoderm and contribute to head connective tissue, bone and musculature in conjunction with cranial neural crest cells. cephalic mesenchyme cranial mesenchyme desmocranium head mesenchyme UBERON:0005256 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing trunk. trunk and cervical mesenchyme trunk mesenchyme UBERON:0005281 A set of structures containing cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. It is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord[WP]. CNS ventricular system ventricular system ventricular system of neuraxis ventricle system ventriculi cerebri ventricular system of central nervous system UBERON:0005282 brain ventricular system ventricular system of brain UBERON:0005283 A structure found in the walls of the ventricles of the brain, consisting of part of the meninges (pia mater in mammals) plus ependyma[cjm]. tela chorioidea tela choroidea UBERON:0005289 Tela chorioidea that lines the telencephalic ventricle. tela chorioidea of lateral ventricle tela chorioidea of telencephalic ventricle tela chorioidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea (ventriculi lateralis) tela choroidea of lateral ventricle tela choroidea telencephalic ventricle tela choroidea of telencephalic ventricle UBERON:0005291 A portion of tissue that is part of an embryo. portion of embryonic tissue developing tissue embryonic tissue UBERON:0005292 Portion of tissue that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo. extra-embryonic tissue extraembryonic tissue UBERON:0005358 A layer in the central nervous system that lines system of communicating cavities in the brain and spinal cord. ventricular layer region of wall of ventricular system of neuraxis ventricle of nervous system UBERON:0005388 An array of photoreceptors and any supporting cells found in an eye. light-sensitive tissue photoreceptor array UBERON:0005389 A transparent structure that is part of a visual sense organ, the function of which is to direct or focus light onto a photoreceptor array. lens transparent eye structure UBERON:0005409 The part of the digestive system that excludes the hepatobiliary system. GI tract alimentary system alimentary tract gastro-intestinal system gastroenterological system gastrointestinal (GI) tract gastrointestinal system gastrointestinal tract alimentary part of gastrointestinal system UBERON:0005423 developing structure developmental structure developmental tissue developing anatomical structure UBERON:0005426 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the lens. hollow lens vesicle solid lens vesicle immature lens lens mass presumptive lens lens vesicle UBERON:0005498 Multi-tissue structure that arises from the heart rudiment and will become the heart tube. primitive heart tube early primitive heart tube primitive heart tube UBERON:0005564 Portion of tissue that gives rise to the immature gonad. future gonad gonadal primordium primitive gonad undifferentiated gonad immature gonad gonad primordium UBERON:0005598 A somite that is part of a trunk. trunk somite UBERON:0005629 A vascular network formed by frequent anastomoses between the blood vessels (arteries or veins) of a part. plexus vasculosus vascular plexus UBERON:0005638 An epithelium that is part of a anterior chamber of eyeball. anterior chamber epithelium UBERON:0005656 An epithelium that is part of a lens vesicle. lens vesicle epithelium UBERON:0005744 Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone, usually for passage of blood vessels or nerves. foramen bone foramen UBERON:0005764 An acellular anatomical structure that is the bounding layer of a anatomical structure. acellular membrane UBERON:0005769 An acellular membrane that is part of the epithelium, lies adjacent to the epithelial cells, and is the fusion of the the basal lamina and the reticular lamina. basement membrane of connective tissue membrana basalis basement membrane basement membrane of epithelium UBERON:0005856 A delimited region of dense mesenchyme within looser mesenchyme. mesenchyme condensation developing mesenchymal condensation UBERON:0005867 The paired ventral prominences formed by bifurcation of the first pharyngeal arches in the embryo; the two prominences unite ventrally and fuse to form the mandible and lower lip. mandibular process mandibular swelling prominentia mandibularis mandibular prominence UBERON:0005911 Epithelium that derives from the endoderm. Examples: urothelium, transitional epithelium of ureter, epithelium of prostatic gland.[FMA]. endoderm-derived epithelium endoepithelium endo-epithelium UBERON:0005944 Subdivision of skeleton which consists of cranial skeleton, set of all vertebrae, set of all ribs and sternum[FMA, modified]. skeleton axiale axial skeleton plus cranial skeleton UBERON:0005983 The laminar structure of the heart. heart layer UBERON:0005985 Any of the arteries or veins that supply blood to the heart or return blood from the heart muscles to the circulation. coronary vessel UBERON:0006003 Anatomical structure embedded in or located in the integument that is part of the integumental system. Examples: hair, follicles, skin glands, claws, nails, feathers. body hair or bristle adnexae cutis skin adnexa skin adnexal structure skin appendage integumentary adnexa UBERON:0006211 The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx. oral membrane oral plate oropharyngeal membrane pharyngeal membrane buccopharyngeal membrane UBERON:0006222 The foremost region of the future forebrain that develops into the diencephalon. presumptive diencephalon future diencephalon UBERON:0006238 The embryonic precursor of the brain. brain rudiment presumptive brain encephalon embryonic brain future brain UBERON:0006240 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a forebrain. future prosencephalon presumptive forebrain presumptive prosencephalon prosencephalon future forebrain UBERON:0006264 An anatomical junctions that overlaps the mouth and foregut. mouth-foregut junction UBERON:0006284 Future brain vesicle that gives rise to telencephalic ventricle/lateral ventricles and 3rd ventricle. prosencephalic vesicle preevaginated forebrain vesicle forebrain ventricle forebrain vesicle prosencephalic ventricle early prosencephalic vesicle UBERON:0006311 A segment of the eyeball that is filled with refractive media. eye chamber eyeball chamber chamber of eye chamber of eyeball UBERON:0006312 Body substance in a liquid or semi-solid state in the eyeball which serves to refract light. ocular refractive media UBERON:0006314 Liquid components of living organisms. includes fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as body water that normally is not. fluid body fluid bodily fluid UBERON:0006539 A substance that is secreted by a mammary gland. The substance may differ depending on phase, with colostrum produced during pregancy/early lactation, and milk produced afterwards. lactiferous gland fluid lactiferous gland secretion mammary gland fluid mammary gland secreted fluid mammary gland secretion secretion of mammary gland mammary gland fluid/secretion UBERON:0006555 A tube that is part of a excretory system. excretory tube UBERON:0006558 An organ system subdivision that is a network of vessels capable of removing accumulating protein and fluid from the interstitial space and returning it to the vascular space. In some species, this network is connected to the immune system via lymph nodes and lymphocyte-producing organs, with the whole being the lymphoid system. lymphatic system lymphatic tree system lymporeticular system lymphatic part of lymphoid system UBERON:0006562 The pharynx is the part of the digestive system immediately posterior to the mouth[GO]. anterior part of foregut pharyngeal tube pharynx UBERON:0006568 A nucleus of brain that is part of a hypothalamus. nucleus of hypothalamus hypothalamic nucleus UBERON:0006569 A nucleus of brain that is part of a diencephalon. diencephalic nucleus UBERON:0006595 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into endoderm. presumptive endoderm UBERON:0006596 future blood presumptive blood UBERON:0006598 Portion of embryonic tissue determined by fate mapping to become a structure. future structure presumptive structures presumptive structure UBERON:0006601 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm. presumptive epidermis presumptive ectoderm UBERON:0006603 Presumptive structure of the blastula that will develop into mesoderm. presumptive mesoderm UBERON:0006612 A rigid covering that envelops an object. shell UBERON:0006876 A vasculature that is part of a organ. organ vasculature set of blood vessels of organ vasculature of organ UBERON:0006904 A head mesenchyme that develops_from a mesoderm. head mesenchyme derived from mesoderm head mesenchyme from head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm mesenchyme from head mesoderm cranial mesoderm head mesoderm head mesenchyme from mesoderm UBERON:0006905 Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular prominence. mesenchyme of mandibular process mesenchyme of mandibular prominence mandibular process mesenchyme UBERON:0006965 The vascular cord is the primordial vasculature that will develop into blood vessels by the process of tubulogenesis[GO]. The vascular cord is composed of angioblast or vascular endothelial cells in a solid linear mass called a cord. The cord then undergoes tubulogenesis to form the lumen of the vessels[ZFA]. vascular cord UBERON:0007005 The splanchnic mesoderm in the cardiogenic region where the heart develops; it gives rise to endocardial heart tubes that fuse to form the primordial cardiac tube, the heart primordium[web]. Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and then fuse[XAO]. cardiogenic splanchnopleure cardiac mesoderm cardiogenic mesoderm cardiogenic region heart primordia cardiogenic splanchnic mesoderm UBERON:0007010 Organism at the cleavage stage. cleaving embryo UBERON:0007026 future digestive tract future digestive tube future gut primitive gut embryonic digestive tube primordial digestive tube primordial gut presumptive gut UBERON:0007098 Cranial neural crest that migrates into the mandibular arch. mandibular neural crest UBERON:0007100 A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, keeps up the circulation of the blood or analogs[GO,modified]. dorsal tube heart adult heart primary circulatory organ UBERON:0007109 A dark greenish mass that accumulates in the bowel during fetal life and is discharged shortly after birth. meconium UBERON:0007135 An intermediate stage (between the neural plate and neural rod) during the early segmentation period in the morphogenesis of the central nervous system primordium; the keel is roughly triangular shaped in cross section. presumptive central nervous system neural keel UBERON:0007213 Mesenchyme that develops_from a cranial neural crest. head mesenchyme from cranial neural crest head mesenchyme from neural crest head neural crest derived mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from head neural crest UBERON:0007237 ventral pharyngeal arch 1 ventral mandibular arch ventral visceral arch 1 1st arch mandibular component UBERON:0007245 Gray matter of the central nervous system which is a collection of clustered nuclei. cluster of neural nuclei neural nuclei nuclear complex nuclear complex of neuraxis UBERON:0007282 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a presomitic mesoderm. presumptive segmental plates presumptive segmental plate UBERON:0007284 A presumptive structure that has the potential to develop into a neural plate. prospective neuroectoderm prospective vegetal ectoderm presumptive neural plate UBERON:0007285 The part of the blastula that has the potential to develop into a paraxial mesoderm. future paraxial mesenchyme future paraxial mesoderm presumptive paraxial mesoderm UBERON:0007376 The epidermis is the entire outer epithelial layer of an animal, it may be a single layer that produces an extracellular material (e.g. the cuticle of arthropods) or a complex stratified squamous epithelium, as in the case of many vertebrate species[GO]. epidermis epidermis (sensu Metazoa) outer epidermal layer outer epithelial layer hypoderm hypodermis outer epithelium UBERON:0007383 Outermost layer of cells surrounding the embryo. EVL enveloping layer enveloping layer of ectoderm UBERON:0007500 An epithelial tube open at both ends that allows fluid flow. epithelial tube open at both ends UBERON:0007503 A closed epithelium with a lumen. epithelial vesicle UBERON:0007524 Mesenchyme with little extracellular matrix. dense mesenchyme tissue UBERON:0007530 Mesenchymal cells that are migrating. migrating mesenchyme population UBERON:0007625 Epithelial layer of the retina, ciliary body, or iris composed of cells containing pigment granules. eye pigment epithelium pigment epithelium of eye 2 UBERON:0007651 An anatomical structure that connects two structures. junction anatomical junction anatomical junction UBERON:0007688 Anlagen are populations of contiguous cells, typically arranged in one plane, that are morphologically indistinct, but that already correspond in extent to a later organ/tissue. field developmental field future organ organ field anlage UBERON:0007719 A bone that is part of a reproductive organ. baculum os penis/os clitoris bone of reproductive organ UBERON:0007779 Any bodily fluid that has passed through a membrane such as the capillary wall, as a result of unbalanced hydrostatic and osmotic forces. plasma ultrafiltrate transudate UBERON:0007794 Any fluid produced by a serous gland. serous fluid serosal fluid serous gland fluid secretion of serous gland UBERON:0007798 Anatomical system that consists of all blood and lymph vessels. vascular system UBERON:0007811 The anteriormost subdivision of the body that includes the head, jaws, pharyngeal region and the neck (if present). In vertebrates this is the subdivision that includes the cervical vertebrae. cephalic area cephalic part of animal cephalic region head and neck head or neck craniocervical region UBERON:0007823 An organism subdivision that encompasses the region containing the pectoral or pelvic girdle. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). girdle girdle region fin girdle fin girdle region limb girdle limb girdle region appendage girdle region UBERON:0007828 A bone that is part of a appendage girdle region. girdle bone girdle bone/zone UBERON:0007829 A bone that is part of a pectoral girdle region. bone of pectoral girdle pectoral girdle bone UBERON:0007831 A subdivision of a limb or fin skeleton consisting of bones which connects the upper limb or fin to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. the dog and the horse) have only the scapula. In humans, the only joints between the shoulder girdle and axial skeleton are the sternoclavicular joints on each side. No joint exists between each scapula and the rib cage; instead the muscular connection between the two permits relatively great mobility of the shoulder girdle in relation to the pelvic girdle. In those species having only the scapula, no joint exists between the forelimb and the thorax, the only attachment being muscular[WP]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdle skeletons. skeletal parts of pectoral girdle skeleton of pectoral girdle cingulum pectorale pectoral girdle scapular girdle pectoral girdle skeleton UBERON:0007914 A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. head or neck bone cranial bone bone of craniocervical region UBERON:0008114 A skeletal joint that is part of a appendage girdle region. girdle joint joint of girdle UBERON:0008229 Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. head or neck muscle head muscles head or neck muscle craniocervical region musculature UBERON:0008814 A transient embryonic complex that comprises the pharyngeal arches, bulges of tissues of mesoderm and neural crest derivation through which pass nerves and pharyngeal arch arteries. The arches are separated internally by pharyngeal pouches, evaginations of foregut endoderm, and externally by pharyngeal clefts, invaginations of surface ectoderm. The development of the system ends when the stucture it contributes to are forming, which may include (depending on species) the thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, maxilla, mandible, aortic arch, cardiac outflow tract, external and middle ear[GO,modified]. embryonic pharyngeal complex pharyngeal apparatus pharyngeal system pharyngeal arch complex pharyngeal arch region pharyngeal arches and clefts pharyngeal complex pharyngeal arch system UBERON:0008816 A head that is part of a embryo. embryonic head UBERON:0008823 A brain that develops_from a neural tube. vertebrate brain neural tube derived brain UBERON:0008998 System pertaining to blood vessels in the brain. brain vasculature cerebrovascular system intracerebral vasculature vasculature of brain UBERON:0009142 Sum total of mesenchyme in the embryo. entire embryonic mesenchyme UBERON:0009145 pharyngeal region pharyngeal region of foregut UBERON:0009472 The axilla is the area directly under the joint where the forelimb connects to the shoulder. arm pit armpit axillary region regio axillaris armpits axilla axillae axillary region oxter underarm axilla UBERON:0009479 An ectoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. ectoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane UBERON:0009480 An endoderm that is part of a buccopharyngeal membrane. endoderm of buccopharyngeal membrane UBERON:0009494 A portion of mesenchymal tissue associated with an individual pharyngeal arch. branchial arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchymal region UBERON:0009503 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing hindgut. hindgut associated mesenchyme mesenchyme of hindgut UBERON:0009521 An endoderm that is part of a anal region. anal membrane endodermal component UBERON:0009569 region of trunk trunk subdivision subdivision of trunk UBERON:0009584 Mesenchyme that is part of a 1st arch mandibular component. mesenchymal region of mandibular component of first pharyngeal arch mesenchyme of mandibular component mandibular component mesenchyme mandibular mesenchyme 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme UBERON:0009610 A neural plate that develops_from a future forebrain. forebrain neural plate UBERON:0009618 trunk and cervical paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesenchyme trunk paraxial mesoderm UBERON:0009663 A nucleus of brain that is part of a telencephalon. telencephalic nucleus UBERON:0009676 early telencephalic vesicle early telencephalic ventricle early telencephalic vesicle UBERON:0009751 The embryonic connective tissue made up of loosely aggregated mesenchymal cells, supported by interlaminar jelly, that gives rise to the developing cardiac structures. heart mesenchyme cardiac mesenchyme UBERON:0009846 An epithelium that is part of a embryonic cloaca. cloacal epithelium embryonic cloacal epithelium UBERON:0009881 ALPM anterior lateral plate mesoderm UBERON:0009891 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing face. face mesenchyme mesenchyme of face facial mesenchyme UBERON:0009920 optic neural crest UBERON:0010000 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. multicellular structure multicellular anatomical structure UBERON:0010042 Mesenchyme that is part of a pharyngeal arch 1. mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch mesenchyme UBERON:0010046 The sum total of mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arch region. Pharyngeal mesenchyme is undifferentiated, loose connective tissue derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells. associated mesenchyme of pharyngeal region entire branchial arch associated mesenchyme pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme UBERON:0010064 An anatomical space with at least one opening to another space or the exterior. open anatomical space UBERON:0010077 An epithelium consisting of cuboidal epithelial cells. cuboidal epithelium UBERON:0010083 Mesenchyme that has the potential to develop into a dermis. future dermis UBERON:0010188 A roughly circular bulge in a surface. protuberance UBERON:0010225 A nuclear complex which in mammals consists of four parts, the hypothalamus, epithalamus, ventral thalamus, and dorsal thalamus[WP,modified]. thalamic complex UBERON:0010230 The core globe-shaped component of the camera-type eye. bulbus oculi eye globe eyeball eye globe eyeball of camera-type eye UBERON:0010252 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010258 Mesenchyme that develops_from a rhombencephalon neural crest. mesenchyme from rhombencephalic neural crest UBERON:0010259 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. mesenchyme derived from neural crest of mesenchyme of 1st arch neural crest derived arch 1 mesenchyme pharyngeal arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch 1 mesenchyme from neural crest 1st arch mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010303 An epithelium that is part of a extraembryonic structure. extra-embryonic epithelium extraembryonic epithelium UBERON:0010312 Developing anatomical structure that develops into the eyeball and associated structures. future eye immature eye UBERON:0010313 An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. neural crest-derived structure UBERON:0010314 An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. structure with developmental contribution from neural crest UBERON:0010316 germ layer / neural crest UBERON:0010321 A skeletal element that is part of a orbital region. eye skeleton ocular skeleton skeletal element of orbital region skeletal element of eye region UBERON:0010323 Skeletal subdivision of the head including skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus. cranial skeleton osteocranium cranium cranial skeletal system UBERON:0010336 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. mandibular process mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010337 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a mandibular process mesenchyme. mandibular process mesenchyme from head mesenchyme UBERON:0010339 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme. 1st arch mandibular mesenchyme from head mesenchyme UBERON:0010341 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a 1st arch mesenchyme. mesenchyme derived from head mesoderm of mesenchyme of 1st arch 1st arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme UBERON:0010359 Mesenchyme that develops_from a neural crest and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from neural crest branchial arch mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from neural crest UBERON:0010360 Mesenchyme that develops_from a head mesenchyme from mesoderm and is part of a entire pharyngeal arch associated mesenchyme. arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme branchial arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme head mesenchyme derived arch mesenchyme pharyngeal arch mesenchyme from head mesenchyme UBERON:0010371 Epithelium composed of cells that develops from the ectoderm[FMA,modified]. ectoderm-derived epithelium ecto-epithelium UBERON:0010427 The ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, i.e. , the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens. ciliary processes ciliary processes set processus ciliares set of ciliary processes ciliary process processus ciliares ciliary processes UBERON:0010707 An organism subdivision that includes both an appendage and its associated girdle region. Note that this includes both the skeletal elements and associated tissues (integument, muscle, etc). appendage complex appendage-girdle complex appendage/girdle complex girdle plus limb or fin limb appendage girdle complex UBERON:0010708 Appendage girdle complex that when present, encompasses the pectoral appendicular skeleton and the pectoral girdle. pectoral appendage/girdle complex pectoral girdle plus anterior limb or fin pectoral girdle plus pectoral limb or fin upper limb upper limb and pectoral girdle upper limb and shoulder pectoral complex UBERON:0010719 The subdivision of the skeleton of either the pectoral or pelvic girdle. skeleton of girdle girdle skeleton UBERON:0010740 A bone that is part of an appendage girdle complex (i.e. any bone in a limb, fin or girdle). bone of extended limb/fin region limb bone bone of appendage girdle complex UBERON:0010741 A bone that is part of a pectoral complex. Examples: scapula, manus phalanx, any carpal bone, any bone of the pectoral fin. wing bone bone of forelimb or pectoral fin or pectoral girdle forelimb bone bone of pectoral complex UBERON:0010912 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements (i.e. bone elements, cartilage elements, cartilage condensations) that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. Excludes joints. skeletal subdivision subdivision of skeleton (in vivo) subdivision of skeleton UBERON:0011108 A synovial joint that is part of a pectoral girdle region. joint of shoulder girdle pectoral girdle joint synovial joint of pectoral girdle UBERON:0011134 Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by ligaments or fibrocartilage without an intervening synovial cavity. Examples: sagittal suture, inferior tibiofibular syndesmosis, costochondral joint, pubic symphysis. solid joint nonsynovial joint UBERON:0011137 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system UBERON:0011138 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the postcranial axial skeleton plus associated joints. axial skeletal system post-cranial axial skeletal system postcranial axial skeletal system UBERON:0011156 Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. facial skeleton facial bone ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium facial skeleton UBERON:0011158 The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. skull subdivision subdivision of skull primary subdivision of skull UBERON:0011215 A multi cell part structure that is part of a central nervous system. cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxis layer central nervous system cell part cluster UBERON:0011216 A subdivision of an anatomical system. organ system subdivision UBERON:0011222 intrinsic muscle of eyeball intrinsic ocular muscle intra-ocular muscle UBERON:0011249 Subdivision of the skeletal system which consists of the appendicular skeleton plus associated joints. appendicular skeletal system UBERON:0011272 basal cell layer of skin outer epithelium of body embryonic skin basal layer UBERON:0011300 A portion of gray matter that is part of a telencephalon. predominantly gray regional part of telencephalon gray matter of telencephalon UBERON:0011362 A blood vasculature that is part of a head. cranial blood vessel set of blood vessels of head cranial blood vessels cranial blood vasculature UBERON:0011363 A lymph vasculature that is part of a head. cranial lymph vessel cranial lymphatics set of lymphatic vessels of head cranial lymph vessels set of cranial lymphatic vessels cranial lymph vasculature UBERON:0011585 Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration. (Hall and Miyake 1995). cell condensation UBERON:0011595 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. jaw region UBERON:0011642 An epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a oral epithelium. oral epithelium from ectoderm UBERON:0011676 A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along its main body axis (typically anterio-posterior axis). In vertebrates, this is based on the vertebral column. axial subdivision of organism body segment main body segment subdivision of organism along main body axis UBERON:0011695 A cardiovascular system that is part of a conceptus. conceptus cardiovascular system embryonic circulatory system fetal circulatory system embryonic cardiovascular system UBERON:0011779 A nerve that is part of a head. cephalic nerve head nerve nerve of head region UBERON:0011814 Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system. non-neurogenic ectodermal placode UBERON:0011821 Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. irregular connective tissue UBERON:0011822 Irregular connective tissue is an irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a dense irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. irregular dense connective tissue typus irregularis (textus connectivus collagenosus compactus) dense irregular connective tissue UBERON:0011823 Dense connective tissue is mainly composed of collagen type I. Crowded between the collagen fibers are rows of fibroblasts, fiber-forming cells, that manufacture the fibers. Dense connective tissue forms strong, rope-like structures such as tendons and ligaments. Tendons attach skeletal muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones at joints. Ligaments are more stretchy and contain more elastic fibers than tendons. Dense connective tissue also make up the lower layers of the skin (dermis), where it is arranged in sheets. dense connective tissue UBERON:0011825 Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus loose connective tissue UBERON:0011860 collection of collagen fibrils UBERON:0011863 The connective tissue bundles in the extracellular matrix of bone tissue that are composed of collagen, and play a role in tissue strength and elasticity. bone collagen fibril UBERON:0011892 Front (ventral) portion of the vascular, pigmentary, or middle coat of the eye, including the ciliary body and the iris. Haller tunica vascula anterior part of uveal tract anterior uveal tract anterior vascular layer of the eyeball anterior vascular tunic of the eye tunica vasculosa bulbosa ventral uveal tract ciliary body and iris vasculosa oculi anterior uvea UBERON:0012112 A substance that is consumed by the organism for food. ingested food UBERON:0012180 A zone of skin that is part of a craniocervical region. head or neck skin UBERON:0012274 An epithelium that consists of columnar epithelial cells. Columnar epithelia are epithelial cells whose heights are at least four times their width. Columnar epithelia are divided into simple (or unilayered), and the rarer stratified (or multi-layered).[WP, modified]. columnar epithelium UBERON:0012275 Epithelium that derives from the mesoderm. [Automatically generated definition]. mesoderm-derived epithelium mesoepithelium meso-epithelium UBERON:0012314 One of five swellings formed during the development of the face. embryonic facial process facial primordium primordium of face embryonic facial prominence UBERON:0012360 A bone element that is part of a jaw region. jaw bone bone of jaw UBERON:0012361 internal anal region UBERON:0012464 The opening of the cloacal chamber to the outside of the organism. Birds maintain a single cloacal opening throughout their lives. cloacal opening cloacal orifice vent cloacal vent UBERON:0012466 extraembryonic cavities extraembryonic cavity UBERON:0012475 The collection of all skeletal elements in a pectoral complex - i.e. the combination of free limb or fin plus pectoral girdle. bones of upper limb ossa membri superioris pectoral complex skeleton set of bones of upper limb skeleton of anterior limb/fin and girdle upper limb skeleton skeleton of pectoral complex UBERON:0012480 A mucosa that is part of a cloaca [Automatically generated definition]. cloaca mucosa cloaca mucosa of organ cloaca mucous membrane cloaca organ mucosa cloacal mucous membrane mucosa of cloaca mucosa of organ of cloaca mucous membrane of cloaca organ mucosa of cloaca cloacal mucosa UBERON:0012481 An epithelium that is part of a cloaca. cloacal endoderm cloacal epithelium UBERON:0013150 early brain vesicle primitive brain vesicle primary brain vesicle secondary brain vesicle brain vesicle future brain vesicle UBERON:0013522 subdivision of tube UBERON:0013685 Anatomical space that is an opening in a bone of the skull. foramen of skull cranial conduit cranial foramen foramina of the skull foramen of skull 2 UBERON:0013686 An anatomical space which is the lumen of some anatomical conduit and connects two or more spaces together[FMA,modified]. foramen space anatomical conduit space UBERON:0013701 A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. main body axis UBERON:0013702 The region of the organism associated with the visceral organs. body whole body body proper UBERON:0013703 Anatomical projection that is part of the integumentl system. skin projection integumentary projection UBERON:0013754 An organ component layer that is part of a integumental system. layer of skin skin layer integumentary system layer UBERON:0013765 Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. digestive organ digestive system organ digestive system element UBERON:0014371 Embryonic structure that gives rise to the telencephalon. presumptive telencephalon future telencephalon UBERON:0014387 Mesenchyme that develops_from the neural crest[Automatically generated definition]. mesenchyme from neural crest neural crest derived mesenchyme neural crest mesenchyme mesenchyme derived from neural crest UBERON:0014477 Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all skeletal elements in the thoracic region of the trunk. In most vertebrates this is the rib cage and sternum. skeleton of thorax thoracic part of axial skeleton thoracic skeleton thoracic skeleton UBERON:0014703 A unilaminar epithelium that develops_from a ectoderm and is part of a anal region. anal membrane ectodermal component UBERON:0014775 A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain. forebrain segment segment of forebrain forebrain neuromere future prosencephalon prosomere UBERON:0014783 Any muscle organ that is part of a cloaca. cloacal muscle UBERON:0014793 Any collection of muscles that is part of a pectoral complex. The pectoral complex comprises the pectoral girdle and the associated limb or fin. muscles of upper limb musculature of upper limb musculi membri superioris set of muscles of upper limb upper limb musculature musculature of pectoral complex UBERON:0014903 A portion of tissue that will develop into vasculature. primordial vasculature UBERON:0015203 An anatomical group whose component structures share a common function. non-connected functional system UBERON:0015212 Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. lateral structure UBERON:0015228 A hollow, muscular organ, which, by contracting rhythmically, contributes to the circulation of lymph, blood or analogs. Examples: a chambered vertebrate heart; the tubular peristaltic heart of ascidians; the dorsal vessel of an insect; the lymoh heart of a reptile. heart cardiac pump heart or heart like organ circulatory vessel cardiac structure circulatory organ UBERON:0015329 A basement membrane of epithelium that is part of a respiratory system. respiratory system basement membrane UBERON:0015410 heart/pericardium heart plus pericardium UBERON:0015474 A zone of skin that is part of a axilla. axillary skin skin of axilla axilla skin UBERON:0015783 A smooth muscle tissue that is part of a hypodermis. muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue stratum musculosum panniculi adiposi telae subcutaneae smooth muscle layer in fatty layer of subcutaneous tissue UBERON:0015808 An epithelium that is part of a camera-type eye. eye epithelium UBERON:0015833 An epithelium that is part of a foregut. foregut epithelium UBERON:0016879 Primordium that develops into the central nervous system. future CNS presumptive central nervous system future central nervous system UBERON:0016880 Primordium that develops into the nervous system. presumptive nervous system future nervous system UBERON:0016887 The part of the conceptus that may be lost before birth or will be discarded at birth, or when the embryo becomes an independent organism. extra-embryonic component extraembryonic component entire extraembryonic component UBERON:0016888 An embryonic anatomical entity that will turn into one or more other anatomical entities, perhaps with other anatomical entities, later in development. transitional anatomical structure UBERON:0017650 A mesenchyme-derived anatomical entity undergoing a transtion to become another structure. developing mesenchymal structure UBERON:0018674 An interconnected tubular multi-tissue structure that contains fluid that is actively transported around the heart. cardiac vasculature heart vasculature UBERON:0019042 genital mucosa reproductive system mucosa UBERON:0019204 Any region of epithelium that is part of a skin region. skin epithelium UBERON:0019207 The part of the eye that consists of both the retina and the optic choroid. chorioretina choroid and retina retinachoroid retinachoroidal region chorioretinal region UBERON:0019264 gray matter of forebrain UBERON:0019269 gray matter of diencephalon UBERON:0019304 sensory organ epithelium UBERON:0034768 A part of an organism or organ that is continuous with its surroundings and distinguished from its surroundings based on morphology. morphological feature UBERON:0034878 The area of axial mesoderm that develops into the prechordal plate. prechordal mesenchyme prechordal mesoderm UBERON:0034921 An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. anatomical cluster multi organ part structure UBERON:0034923 Material anatomical entity consisting of multiple anatomical structures that are not connected to each other. disconnected anatomical group UBERON:0034925 A collection of anatomical structures that are alike in terms of their morphology or developmental origin. anatomical collection UBERON:0034929 A region or zone on the surface of an organism that encompasses skin and any adnexa, down through muscles and bounded by underlying skeletal support structures. external soft tissue zone UBERON:0034944 organ sector organ zonal region organ zone organ region with floating fiat boundary zone of organ UBERON:0034995 Mesenchyme that is part of a developing jaw [Automatically generated definition]. jaw mesenchyme UBERON:0035037 jaw epithelium UBERON:0035804 The primordial mouth region of the developing head. primitive mouth primordial mouth future mouth UBERON:0035965 blood vessel wall vascular wall wall of blood vessel UBERON:0036016 A sweet viscid material elaborated out of the nectar of flowers in the honey sac of various bees. honey UBERON:0036017 A bodily fluid consisting of the contents of the digestive tract expulsed through the anterior portion of the digestive tract. regurgitate regurgitated substance UBERON:0036146 An region of the mesoderm that includes anterior lateral mesoderm of the first heart field plus contiguous pharyngeal mesoderm that gives rise to second-heart-field-derived regions of the heart and branchiomeric muscles. cardiopharyngeal field UBERON:0036215 Material anatomical entity that forms the outermost boundary of an anatomical structure. anatomical surface region UBERON:0036244 A transudate found in the serous sac. serous fluid serous sac fluid secretion of serous membrane UBERON:0036253 cranial orifice skull orifice orifice of skull UBERON:0036302 vasculature of central nervous system plus retina UBERON:0036303 vasculature of central nervous system UBERON:0036654 wall of lateral ventricle UBERON:0036661 wall of ventricular system of brain UBERON:0036925 eyeball wall wall of eyeball UBERON:0037144 Wall of organ which has as its parts the endocardium, myocardium , epicardium, and the cardiac septum, surrounded by the pericardial sac proper and is continuous with the walls of the systemic and pulmonary arterial and venous trees. cardiac wall wall of heart UBERON:1000021 A zone of skin that is part of the face. face skin facial skin skin of face UBERON:1100000 An anatomical junction between two parts of the digestive tract. digestive tract junction UBERON:3000961 Structures of the dermis, epidermis, glands and pigment cells recognizable on the external surfaces of the integument. external integument structure UBERON:3000972 Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the external head integument. head external integument structure UBERON:3000977 Dermal, epidermal, glandular and pigment structures of the body integument. body external integument structure UBERON:3010200 Blood vessels in respiratory skin. vasculature of respiratory integument UBERON:4100000 Anatomical projection that is composed of bone or cartilage tissue. skeletal element projection UBERON:8410024 An anatomical junction between two parts of the intestine. junction of intestine intestinal junction UBERON:8450002 An anatomical system that eliminates waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. excretory system UBERON:8480025 A zone of skin that is above the clavicle zone in the pectoral girdle region. skin of clavicle region 2019-03-05T17:25:21Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1310 Western Australian Mulga Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:51:32Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Australasia Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:52:41Z Southern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1309 Tirari-Sturt Stony Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T17:54:35Z Eastern central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1308 Simpson Desert Region 2019-03-05T17:56:13Z Western Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1307 Pilbara Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:10:52Z Western coast of Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1301 Carnarvon Xeric Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:12:28Z Central Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1302 Central Ranges Xeric Shrub Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:15:11Z Western central Australia WWF:AA1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1303 Gibson Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:17:15Z Northwestern Australia WWF:AA1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1304 The Great Sandy-Tanami Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:24:06Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1305 Great Victoria Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-05T18:26:16Z Southern Australia Ecoregion WWF:AA1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/aa1306 Nullarbor Plains Xeric Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:01:41Z https://www.worldwildlife.org/biomes/deserts-and-xeric-shrublands Afrotropical Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:02:37Z Southern Africa: Southern Namibia into South Africa WWF:AT1322 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1322 Succulent Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:07:38Z WWF:AT1321 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1321 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen and Saudi Arabia Yemen and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:11:38Z WWF:AT1320 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1320 Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Oman Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:13:00Z WWF:AT1319 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1319 Somali montane xeric woodlands ecoregion Somali Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:15:07Z Islands east of the Horn of Africa and south of Yemen Ecoregion WWF:AT1318 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1318 Socotran Archipelago Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:18:55Z WWF:AT1317 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1317 Red Sea Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:20:56Z WWF:AT1316 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1316 Namibian Savanna Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:24:28Z Africa: Namibia Ecoregion WWF:AT1315 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1315 Namib Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:26:15Z WWF:AT1314 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1314 Nama Karoo Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:28:43Z WWF:AT1313 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1313 Masai Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:30:23Z WWF:AT1312 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1312 Madagascar Succulent Woodlands Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:31:29Z WWF:AT1311 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1311 Madagascar spiny desert ecoregion Madagascar Spiny Thickets Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:39:32Z WWF:AT1310 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1310 Africa: Coastal Namibia and Angola Ecoregion Kaokoveld Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:42:47Z WWF:AT1309 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1309 Kalahari Xeric Savanna Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:44:54Z WWF:AT1308 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1308 Southern Africa: Islands about half-way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Ecoregion Ile Europa and Bassas da India Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:46:58Z Eastern Africa: Somalia WWF:AT1307 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1307 Hobyo Grassland and Shrubland Ecoregion 2019-03-06T22:54:57Z WWF:AT1306 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1306 Arabian Peninsula: Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion Oman and United Arab Emirates Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:08:06Z WWF:AT1305 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1305 Ethiopian Xeric Grasslands and Shrublands Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:11:29Z WWF:AT1304 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1304 Eritrean Coastal Desert Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:13:33Z WWF:AT1303 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1303 North central Africa: Eastern Chad and small area of western Sudan East Saharan Montane Xeric Woodland Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:16:12Z WWF:AT1302 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1302 Western Asia: Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion Oman, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia Ecoregion 2019-03-07T00:18:09Z WWF:AT1301 https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at1301 Aldabra Island Xeric Scrub Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:38:50Z Indo-Malay Ecoregion 2019-04-26T23:40:13Z WWF:IM1304 Southern Asia: Western India into Pakistan Thar Desert 2019-04-27T00:12:51Z WWF:IM1303 Southern Asia: Eastern India and western Pakistan Northwestern Thorn Scrub Forests A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:47:18Z Arctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Arctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of northern latitudes on Earth. A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. 2019-08-20T13:48:44Z Antarctic front A polar front between the deep, cold Antarctic air and the shallower, warmer polar air of southern latitudes on Earth. Stellar radiation emitted from Sol. 2020-05-19T22:27:44Z Solar radiation An ecoregion in the Eastern Cape of South Africa with vegetation characterized by sclerophyllous and succulent shrubs. 2024-07-29T15:44:00Z Albany Thicket ecoregion An ecoregion in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa containing vegetation of the mediterranean shrubland biome [ENVO:01000217] occurring below 300 m. 2024-07-29T15:44:00Z Lowland Fynbos and Renosterveld ecoregion An ecoregion in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa containing vegetation of the mediterranean shrubland biome [ENVO:01000217] occurring above 300 m. 2024-07-29T15:44:00Z Montane Fynbos and Renosterveld ecoregion An ecoregion in the montane grassland biome [ENVO:01001808] in the Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa above 2500 m. 2024-07-29T15:44:00Z Drakensberg Alti-Montane Grassland and Woodland ecoregion An ecoregion in the montane grassland biome [ENVO:01001808] in the Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa between 1800 and 2500 m. 2024-07-29T15:44:00Z Drakensberg Montane Grassland, Woodland, and Forest ecoregion An ecoregion in the montane grassland biome [ENVO:01001808] in the interior plateau of southern Africa between 1400 and 1800 m. 2024-07-29T15:44:00Z Highveld Grassland ecoregion third planet from the Sun in the Solar System Earth third planet from the Sun in the Solar System https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2 "Suni, or Jalca, is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. It is located in the Andes at an altitude between 3,500 and 4,000 metres above sea level. Suni has a dry and cold weather and there are many glacial valleys. The flora includes gramineous plants and shrubs such as the taya-taya (Caesalpinia spinosa), the quishuar (Buddleja coriacea), and the cantuta (Cantua buxifolia) which was considered sacred by the Incas. Even though it is hard for plants to grow because of the weather, people are able to cultivate such crops as quinoa, qañiwa, broad beans and ulluku (Ullucus tuberosus). The main fauna is the guinea pig and, among numerous other highland birds, the Chiguanco thrush." Jalca Suni "Suni, or Jalca, is one of the eight Natural Regions of Peru. It is located in the Andes at an altitude between 3,500 and 4,000 metres above sea level. Suni has a dry and cold weather and there are many glacial valleys. The flora includes gramineous plants and shrubs such as the taya-taya (Caesalpinia spinosa), the quishuar (Buddleja coriacea), and the cantuta (Cantua buxifolia) which was considered sacred by the Incas. Even though it is hard for plants to grow because of the weather, people are able to cultivate such crops as quinoa, qañiwa, broad beans and ulluku (Ullucus tuberosus). The main fauna is the guinea pig and, among numerous other highland birds, the Chiguanco thrush." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suni_(geography) Sun Sol Earth's interconnected water system World Ocean Earth's interconnected water system https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715269 2025-02-05 has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part. Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.) A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'. has_part has part realized in this disease is realized in this disease course this fragility is realized in this shattering this investigator role is realized in this investigation is realized by realized_in [copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realized in preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes occurs in b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t occurs_in unfolds in unfolds_in Paraphrase of definition: a relation between a process and an independent continuant, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant occurs in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Occurs_in site of [copied from inverse property 'occurs in'] b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entity& there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.& forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t & there exist spatial regions s and s’ where & b spatially_projects_onto s at t& c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at t& s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t Paraphrase of definition: a relation between an independent continuant and a process, in which the process takes place entirely within the independent continuant contains process A duck swimming in a pond is partially surrounded by air and partially surrounded by water. x partially_surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for the region r that is adjacent to x, r partially overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies a non-trivial proportion of the outermost boundary of x Definition modified from 'surrounded by'. partially_surrounded_by A relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist through the separation or transformation of a part of the old entity, and the new entity inherits a significant portion of the matter belonging to that part of the old entity. derives from part of A has part relationship between a whole and a part, where the number of parts present in the whole is higher than in comparable entities. This relation is present in ENVO to support compositional classes such as "X-enriched soil". These will later be formalized, and a different relation from RO may be chosen. has increased levels of Afforestation results in the expansion of a forest. A process, p, results in the expansion of a material entity, m, if the spatial extent of m is increased as a result of participating in p. results in expansion of A relation between a process and a disposition such that the existence of the disposition is caused by the execution of the process. Consider ceding to RO 2018-11-03T20:58:13Z generates inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist. bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant this enzyme has function this catalysis function (more colloquially: this enzyme has this catalysis function) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a function, in which the function specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many functions, and its functions can exist for different periods of time, but none of its functions can exist when the bearer does not exist. A function need not be realized at all the times that the function exists. has_function has function this apple has quality this red color a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a quality, in which the quality specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many qualities, and its qualities can exist for different periods of time, but none of its qualities can exist when the bearer does not exist. has_quality has quality this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator) a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists. has_role has role a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence has disposition this cell derives from this parent cell (cell division) this nucleus derives from this parent nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the new entity and the old entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops from'. derives_from This relation is taken from the RO2005 version of RO. It may be obsoleted and replaced by relations with different definitions. See also the 'develops from' family of relations. derives from this parent cell derives into this cell (cell division) this parent nucleus derives into this nucleus (nuclear division) a relation between two distinct material entities, the old entity and the new entity, in which the new entity begins to exist when the old entity ceases to exist, and the new entity inherits the significant portion of the matter of the old entity This is a very general relation. More specific relations are preferred when applicable, such as 'directly develops into'. To avoid making statements about a future that may not come to pass, it is often better to use the backward-looking 'derives from' rather than the forward-looking 'derives into'. derives_into derives into is location of my head is the location of my brain this cage is the location of this rat a relation between two independent continuants, the location and the target, in which the target is entirely within the location Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ location_of location of located in my brain is located in my head this rat is located in this cage a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/ located_in http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in located in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Located_in X outer_layer_of Y iff: . X :continuant that bearer_of some PATO:laminar . X part_of Y . exists Z :surface . X has_boundary Z . Z boundary_of Y has_boundary: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002002 boundary_of: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002000 A relationship that applies between a continuant and its outer, bounding layer. Examples include the relationship between a multicellular organism and its integument, between an animal cell and its plasma membrane, and between a membrane bound organelle and its outer/bounding membrane. bounding layer of David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002122 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which ends David Osumi-Sutherland Previously had ID http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002123 in test files in sandpit - but this seems to have been dropped from ro-edit.owl at some point. No re-use under this ID AFAIK, but leaving note here in case we run in to clashes down the line. Official ID now chosen from DOS ID range. during which starts David Osumi-Sutherland io X starts_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (start(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y)) starts during x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) overlaps X continuous_with Y if and only if X and Y share a fiat boundary. connected to The label for this relation was previously connected to. I relabeled this to "continuous with". The standard notion of connectedness does not imply shared boundaries - e.g. Glasgow connected_to Edinburgh via M8; my patella connected_to my femur (via patellar-femoral joint) continuous with FMA:85972 x partially overlaps y iff there exists some z such that z is part of x and z is part of y, and it is also the case that neither x is part of y or y is part of x We would like to include disjointness axioms with part_of and has_part, however this is not possible in OWL2 as these are non-simple properties and hence cannot appear in a disjointness axiom proper overlaps (forall (?x ?y) (iff (proper_overlaps ?x ?y) (and (overlaps ?x ?y) (not (part_of ?x ?y)) (not (part_of ?y ?x))))) partially overlaps The M8 connects Glasgow and Edinburgh a 'toe distal phalanx bone' that is connected to a 'toe medial phalanx bone' (an interphalangeal joint *connects* these two bones). c connects a if and only if there exist some b such that a and b are similar parts of the same system, and c connects b, specifically, c connects a with b. When one structure connects two others it unites some aspect of the function or role they play within the system. connects connects https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Connectivity-Design-Pattern https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/Modeling-articulations-Design-Pattern p regulates q iff p is causally upstream of q, the execution of p is not constant and varies according to specific conditions, and p influences the rate or magnitude of execution of q due to an effect either on some enabler of q or some enabler of a part of q. GO Regulation precludes parthood; the regulatory process may not be within the regulated process. regulates (processual) false regulates regulates (processual) p negatively regulates q iff p regulates q, and p decreases the rate or magnitude of execution of q. negatively regulates (process to process) negatively regulates mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in For compatibility with BFO, this relation has a shortcut definition in which the expression "capable of some P" expands to "bearer_of (some realized_by only P)". capable of x surrounded_by y if and only if (1) x is adjacent to y and for every region r that is adjacent to x, r overlaps y (2) the shared boundary between x and y occupies the majority of the outermost boundary of x surrounded by surrounded by A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. The epidermis layer of a vertebrate is adjacent to the dermis. The plasma membrane of a cell is adjacent to the cytoplasm, and also to the cell lumen which the cytoplasm occupies. The skin of the forelimb is adjacent to the skin of the torso if these are considered anatomical subdivisions with a defined border. Otherwise a relation such as continuous_with would be used. x adjacent to y if and only if x and y share a boundary. This relation acts as a join point with BSPO adjacent to A caterpillar walking on the surface of a leaf is adjacent_to the leaf, if one of the caterpillar appendages is touching the leaf. In contrast, a butterfly flying close to a flower is not considered adjacent, unless there are any touching parts. inverse of ends with Chris Mungall ends x 'has end location' y if and only if there exists some process z such that x 'ends with' z and z 'occurs in' y ends with process that occurs in has end location p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output an annotation of gene X to anatomical structure formation with results_in_formation_of UBERON:0000007 (pituitary gland) means that at the beginning of the process a pituitary gland does not exist and at the end of the process a pituitary gland exists. every "endocardial cushion formation" (GO:0003272) results_in_formation_of some "endocardial cushion" (UBERON:0002062) GOC:mtg_berkeley_2013 results in formation of anatomical entity Hydrozoa (NCBITaxon_6074) SubClassOf 'has habitat' some 'Hydrozoa habitat' where 'Hydrozoa habitat' SubClassOf overlaps some ('marine environment' (ENVO_00000569) and 'freshwater environment' (ENVO_01000306) and 'wetland' (ENVO_00000043)) and 'has part' some (freshwater (ENVO_00002011) or 'sea water' (ENVO_00002149)) -- http://eol.org/pages/1795/overview x 'has habitat' y if and only if: x is an organism, y is a habitat, and y can sustain and allow the growth of a population of xs. adapted for living in A population of xs will possess adaptations (either evolved naturally or via artifical selection) which permit it to exist and grow in y. has habitat has habitat q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. Because part_of is transitive, inheres in is a sub-relation of characteristic of part of inheres in part of characteristic of part of c involved_in p if and only if c enables some process p', and p' is part of p actively involved in enables part of involved in https://wiki.geneontology.org/Involved_in has member is a mereological relation between a collection and an item. SIO has member inverse of has output output of formed as result of a is attached to b if and only if a and b are discrete objects or object parts, and there are physical connections between a and b such that a force pulling a will move b, or a force pulling b will move a attached to (anatomical structure to anatomical structure) attached to Deschutes River tributary_of Columbia River inferior epigastric vein tributary_of external iliac vein x tributary_of y if and only if x a channel for the flow of a substance into y, where y is larger than x. If x and y are hydrographic features, then y is the main stem of a river, or a lake or bay, but not the sea or ocean. If x and y are anatomical, then y is a vein. drains into drains to tributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary http://www.medindia.net/glossary/venous_tributary.htm This relation can be used for geographic features (e.g. rivers) as well as anatomical structures (veins, arteries) tributary of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tributary Deschutes River distributary_of Little Lava Lake x distributary_of y if and only if x is capable of channeling the flow of a substance to y, where y channels less of the substance than x branch of distributary channel of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributary This is both a mereotopological relationship and a relationship defined in connection to processes. It concerns both the connecting structure, and how this structure is disposed to causally affect flow processes distributary of p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. We would like to make this disjoint with 'preceded by', but this is prohibited in OWL2 influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within c involved in regulation of p if c is involved in some p' and p' negatively regulates some p involved in negative regulation of 'otolith organ' SubClassOf 'composed primarily of' some 'calcium carbonate' x composed_primarily_of y if and only if more than half of the mass of x is made from y or units of the same type as y. composed primarily of p has part that occurs in c if and only if there exists some p1, such that p has_part p1, and p1 occurs in c. has part that occurs in x immediate transformation of y iff x immediately succeeds y temporally at a time boundary t, and all of the matter present in x at t is present in y at t, and all the matter in y at t is present in x at t immediate transformation of A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process A coral reef environment is determined by a particular coral reef s determined by f if and only if s is a type of system, and f is a material entity that is part of s, such that f exerts a strong causal influence on the functioning of s, and the removal of f would cause the collapse of s. The label for this relation is probably too general for its restricted use, where the domain is a system. It may be relabeled in future determined by (system to material entity) determined by s 'determined by part of' w if and only if there exists some f such that (1) s 'determined by' f and (2) f part_of w, or f=w. determined by part of Inverse of 'causal agent in process' process has causal agent http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8343-612X http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1604-1512 ENVO is an ontology which represents knowledge about environments,environmental processes, ecosystems, habitats, and related entities The Environment Ontology https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/ https://github.com/EnvironmentOntology/envo/issues/ ENVO Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/chemical_concentration.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 679 Logical Axioms: 119] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 206 Logical Axioms: 34] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_attribute_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 168 Logical Axioms: 29] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/entity_quality_location.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 40 Logical Axioms: 6] Includes Ontology(OntologyID(OntologyIRI(<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/envo/modules/process_attribute.owl>) VersionIRI(<null>))) [Axioms: 21 Logical Axioms: 2] 2025-02-05 http://environmentontology.org/