* FAO:$sequence(7,0000001,9999999)$ OBO-Edit 2.3.1 23:01:2020 16:30 fungal_anatomy_ontology 1.2 midori version: $Revision: 1.7 $ definition namespace-id-rule has_alternative_id database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym shorthand BFO:0000050 fungal_anatomy_ontology part_of part_of part of RO:0002202 fungal_anatomy_ontology develops_from develops_from develops from An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus. BTO:0001494 fungal_anatomy_ontology fungal structure ontology FAO:0000001 fungal structure FAO:0000001 An anatomical structure that forms all or part of a fungus. FAO:mah A multicellular fungal structure composed of cells from more than one species. fungal_anatomy_ontology multispecific structure FAO:0000002 composite structure FAO:0000002 A multicellular fungal structure composed of cells from more than one species. FAO:curators FAO:mah SGD:clt A spore-producing structure found in a Basidiomycete; formed when the terminal cell of a dikaryotic hyphal branch inflates and undergoes karyogamy and meiosis. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000003 basidium FAO:0000003 A spore-producing structure found in a Basidiomycete; formed when the terminal cell of a dikaryotic hyphal branch inflates and undergoes karyogamy and meiosis. FAO:curators ISBN:0471940526 An ascus that is associated with an ascocarp. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000004 ascocarp-bound ascus FAO:0000004 An ascus that is associated with an ascocarp. FAO:curators The placeholder class 'obsolete' has been made obsolete, as this is not tracked with an explicit obsoletion flag in obo format. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000005 obsolete true FAO:0000005 The placeholder class 'obsolete' has been made obsolete, as this is not tracked with an explicit obsoletion flag in obo format. FAO:curators The stalk or stem that supports the cap of a mushroom. A stipe is usually composed of hyphae arrayed parallel to the long axis of the structure; in some species a stipe may be a single supporting hypha. fungal_anatomy_ontology stem FAO:0000006 stipe FAO:0000006 The stalk or stem that supports the cap of a mushroom. A stipe is usually composed of hyphae arrayed parallel to the long axis of the structure; in some species a stipe may be a single supporting hypha. FAO:mah ISBN:0471940526 SGD:clt Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores. BTO:0000487 fruiting body fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000007 fruitbody FAO:0000007 Any specialized structure which bears or contains sexually or asexually derived spores. FAO:curators SGD:clt A structure within, or at the surface of, which an ascus develops in Ascomycetes. BTO:0002161 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000008 ascocarp FAO:0000008 A structure within, or at the surface of, which an ascus develops in Ascomycetes. ISBN:0471940526 The structure on which spore-bearing tissue is carried in sexually-derived fruiting bodies. fungal_anatomy_ontology cap FAO:0000009 pileus FAO:0000009 The structure on which spore-bearing tissue is carried in sexually-derived fruiting bodies. ISBN:0471940526 A multicellular anatomical structure that functions in the production of spores, which are directly borne upon or within sporogenous cells that form part of the sporophore. GO:0075259 fruit body fruitbody fruiting body spore-bearing structure spore-producing structure sporocarp fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000010 sporophore FAO:0000010 A multicellular anatomical structure that functions in the production of spores, which are directly borne upon or within sporogenous cells that form part of the sporophore. FAO:curators fruit body FAO:doi fruitbody FAO:doi fruiting body FAO:doi spore-bearing structure FAO:doi spore-producing structure FAO:doi sporocarp FAO:doi A group or mass of discrete hyphae; the vegetative structure of many fungi. BTO:0001436 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000011 mycelium FAO:0000011 A group or mass of discrete hyphae; the vegetative structure of many fungi. ISBN:0471940526 A large fruiting body that is composed of masses of intertwined hyphal elements and produces basidia and basidiospores. The basidiocarp is characteristic of the majority of fungi of the subphylum Basidiomycotina, in which it is the site of karyogamy and meiosis. Mushrooms and toadstools are common examples. FAO:0001024 BTO:0000114 fungal_anatomy_ontology mushroom FAO:0000012 basidiocarp FAO:0000012 A large fruiting body that is composed of masses of intertwined hyphal elements and produces basidia and basidiospores. The basidiocarp is characteristic of the majority of fungi of the subphylum Basidiomycotina, in which it is the site of karyogamy and meiosis. Mushrooms and toadstools are common examples. BTO:0000114 ISBN:0471940526 An ascospore that is contained in an ascus associated with an ascocarp. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000013 ascospore in ascocarp-bound ascus FAO:0000013 An ascospore that is contained in an ascus associated with an ascocarp. FAO:curators FAO:mah A sac-like structure containing sexual spores formed by Ascomycotina; mature asci may have little or no cytoplasm or cytoplasmic contents, and no nucleus outside of the spores. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000014 ascus FAO:0000014 A sac-like structure containing sexual spores formed by Ascomycotina; mature asci may have little or no cytoplasm or cytoplasmic contents, and no nucleus outside of the spores. SGD:clt An ascus that is not associated with an ascocarp, and is usually derived from a single cell. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000015 free ascus FAO:0000015 An ascus that is not associated with an ascocarp, and is usually derived from a single cell. FAO:curators An ascospore that is contained in a free ascus (i.e. not associated with an ascocarp). fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000016 ascospore in free ascus FAO:0000016 An ascospore that is contained in a free ascus (i.e. not associated with an ascocarp). FAO:curators FAO:mah A spore formed following meiosis. In some species, prospores formed by meiosis may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature. fungal_anatomy_ontology meiotically-derived spore FAO:0000017 sexual spore FAO:0000017 A spore formed following meiosis. In some species, prospores formed by meiosis may undergo one or more rounds of mitosis before they are fully mature. SGD:clt A fungal structure that comprises a single cell. An individual cell is composed of a plasma membrane, contents internal to the plasma membrane, and any external protective or encapsulating structure. cell fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000018 unicellular structure FAO:0000018 A fungal structure that comprises a single cell. An individual cell is composed of a plasma membrane, contents internal to the plasma membrane, and any external protective or encapsulating structure. FAO:curators FAO:mah SGD:clt A spore produced by a fungus. A spore is a differentiated form of an organism produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000019 spore FAO:0000019 A spore produced by a fungus. A spore is a differentiated form of an organism produced during or as a result of an asexual or sexual reproductive process; usually a cell with a thick cell wall that stores and protects one or more nuclei. Spores may be produced in response to, and are characteristically resistant to, adverse environmental conditions. ISBN:0471940526 A thick-walled spore that forms in an ascus. Clusters of four or eight spores are formed in a single ascus following sexual reproduction; found in Ascomycetes. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000020 ascospore FAO:0000020 A thick-walled spore that forms in an ascus. Clusters of four or eight spores are formed in a single ascus following sexual reproduction; found in Ascomycetes. PMID:16339736 SGD:clt A thick-walled spore formed externally on extrusions of a basidium following sexual reproduction; found in Basidiomycetes. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000021 basidiospore FAO:0000021 A thick-walled spore formed externally on extrusions of a basidium following sexual reproduction; found in Basidiomycetes. ISBN:0471940526 ISBN:9781107079915 SGD:clt A diploid spore with a thick, pigmented, sculpted cell wall, and extracellular peptidoglycan spikes that is formed during growth in a plant host by some Basidiomycete species, including pathogenic smut (Ustilaginales) and rust (Pucciniales) fungi. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000022 teliospore FAO:0000022 A diploid spore with a thick, pigmented, sculpted cell wall, and extracellular peptidoglycan spikes that is formed during growth in a plant host by some Basidiomycete species, including pathogenic smut (Ustilaginales) and rust (Pucciniales) fungi. FAO:mah PMID:27888605 PMID:8898211 SGD:clt A spore formed following one or more rounds of mitosis, without meiosis. fungal_anatomy_ontology mitotically-derived spore FAO:0000023 asexual spore FAO:0000023 A spore formed following one or more rounds of mitosis, without meiosis. PMID:2524423 PMID:9529886 SGD:clt An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi. Conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000024 conidium FAO:0000024 An asexual, nonmotile spore formed by higher fungi. Conidia are usually made from the side or tip of specialized sporogenous cells and do not form by progressive cleavage of the cytoplasm. PMID:2524423 PMID:9529886 SGD:clt A conidium that has only one nucleus. uninucleate conidium fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000025 mononucleate conidium FAO:0000025 A conidium that has only one nucleus. SGD:clt uninucleate conidium FAO:mah SGD:clt A thin-walled spore that is formed in a uredinium and is the primary dispersal mode for rust-causing Basidiomycete fungi. urediospore uredospore fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000026 urediniospore FAO:0000026 A thin-walled spore that is formed in a uredinium and is the primary dispersal mode for rust-causing Basidiomycete fungi. FAO:mah PMID:21642346 PMID:26731728 PMID:30206343 SGD:clt urediospore FAO:mah uredospore FAO:mah A mononucleate spore formed on specialized cells or projections (sterigma) of a conidiophore head. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000027 conidium of conidiophore head FAO:0000027 A mononucleate spore formed on specialized cells or projections (sterigma) of a conidiophore head. PMID:9529886 SGD:clt The smaller of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi. An ovoid to pear-shaped asexual spore that contains very little cytoplasm and organelles, is mononucleate, and forms in vegetative hypae within a mycelium. Micronidia are extruded from the hyphal cell wall. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000028 microconidium FAO:0000028 The smaller of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi. An ovoid to pear-shaped asexual spore that contains very little cytoplasm and organelles, is mononucleate, and forms in vegetative hypae within a mycelium. Micronidia are extruded from the hyphal cell wall. ISBN:0471940526 PMID:8357339 SGD:clt A macroconidium that has only one nucleus. uninucleate macroconidium fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000029 mononucleate macroconidium FAO:0000029 A macroconidium that has only one nucleus. SGD:clt uninucleate macroconidium FAO:mah SGD:clt A blastoconidium that has only one nucleus. uninucleate blastoconidium fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000030 mononucleate blastoconidium FAO:0000030 A blastoconidium that has only one nucleus. SGD:clt uninucleate blastoconidium FAO:mah SGD:clt An arthroconidium that has only one nucleus. uninucleate arthroconidium fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000031 mononucleate arthroconidium FAO:0000031 An arthroconidium that has only one nucleus. SGD:clt uninucleate arthroconidium FAO:mah SGD:clt A single cell that is in the vegetative growth stage of an organism's life cycle, in which metabolism and growth predominate, and is not undergoing sexual processes. fungal_anatomy_ontology yeast-form FAO:0000032 vegetative cell FAO:0000032 A single cell that is in the vegetative growth stage of an organism's life cycle, in which metabolism and growth predominate, and is not undergoing sexual processes. FAO:mah ISBN:0471940526 SGD:clt A conidium that has more than one nucleus. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000033 multinucleate conidium FAO:0000033 A conidium that has more than one nucleus. SGD:clt A composite structure that forms the vegetative portion of a lichen; minimally composed of at least one fungal species (the mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (the photobiont). fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000034 lichen thallus FAO:0000034 A composite structure that forms the vegetative portion of a lichen; minimally composed of at least one fungal species (the mycobiont) and an alga or cyanobacterium (the photobiont). ISBN:0471940526 SGD:clt https://www.britishlichensociety.org.uk/about-lichens/what-is-a-lichen https://www.livescience.com/55008-lichens.html A macroconidium that has more than one nucleus. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000035 multinucleate macroconidium FAO:0000035 A macroconidium that has more than one nucleus. SGD:clt A blastoconidium that has more than one nucleus. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000036 multinucleate blastoconidium FAO:0000036 A blastoconidium that has more than one nucleus. SGD:clt An arthroconidium that has more than one nucleus. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000037 multinucleate arthroconidium FAO:0000037 An arthroconidium that has more than one nucleus. SGD:clt The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000038 macroconidium FAO:0000038 The larger of two types of asexual spores formed by some fungi; usually round or oblong. ISBN:0471940526 SGD:clt An asexual spore formed by Oomycetes; formed upon fertilization of an oosphere. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000039 oospore FAO:0000039 An asexual spore formed by Oomycetes; formed upon fertilization of an oosphere. ISBN:0851988857 SGD:clt A thick-walled, sexual, resting spore that forms in a zygosporangium; typical of Zygomycetes. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000040 Note that "zygospore" is sometimes used to refer to both the spore and the multi-layered cell wall that encloses the spore, the zygosporangium. zygospore FAO:0000040 A thick-walled, sexual, resting spore that forms in a zygosporangium; typical of Zygomycetes. ISBN:0471940526 ISBN:9781107079915 SGD:clt A cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores. fungal_anatomy_ontology arthrospore FAO:0000041 arthroconidium FAO:0000041 A cylindrical spore formed by development and compartmentation of hyphae; the hyphae are often supporting blastoconidiophores. PMID:2524423 SGD:clt An oblong or round asexual reproductive spore formed specifically by budding. GO:0034299 fungal_anatomy_ontology blastospore reproductive blastospore FAO:0000042 blastoconidium FAO:0000042 An oblong or round asexual reproductive spore formed specifically by budding. CGD:doi PMID:2524423 SGD:clt A specialized hypha, often aerial, that gives rise to asexual spores known as conidia. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000043 conidiophore FAO:0000043 A specialized hypha, often aerial, that gives rise to asexual spores known as conidia. AspGD:mcc ISBN:0471522295 PMID:9529886 A small hyphal branch or structure which supports a sporangium, a conidium, or a basidiospore. In species with biseriate (two-layered) sterigmata such as A. nidulans, the first layer comprises primary sterigmata (metulae) and the second layer secondary sterigmata (phialides). Some species, e.g. A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, and others, have only phialides. sterigmata (plural) fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000044 sterigma FAO:0000044 A small hyphal branch or structure which supports a sporangium, a conidium, or a basidiospore. In species with biseriate (two-layered) sterigmata such as A. nidulans, the first layer comprises primary sterigmata (metulae) and the second layer secondary sterigmata (phialides). Some species, e.g. A. fumigatus, A. oryzae, and others, have only phialides. AspGD:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A specialized cell that buds from a metula on a developing conidiophore. Multiple phialides may bud from each metula. The phialides in turn divide asymmetrically to give rise to chains of conidia. secondary sterigma fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000045 phialide FAO:0000045 A specialized cell that buds from a metula on a developing conidiophore. Multiple phialides may bud from each metula. The phialides in turn divide asymmetrically to give rise to chains of conidia. AspGD:mcc PMID:9529886 A specialized cell borne on a conidiophore that gives rise to phialides during the process of conidiation. metulae (plural) primary sterigma fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000046 metula FAO:0000046 A specialized cell borne on a conidiophore that gives rise to phialides during the process of conidiation. AspGD:mcc PMID:9529886 A completely closed fruiting body formed by some fungi of the Ascomycota, containing asci. BTO:0002159 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000047 cleistothecium FAO:0000047 A completely closed fruiting body formed by some fungi of the Ascomycota, containing asci. AspGD:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A specialized multinucleate cell that originates from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development. Hulle cells serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000048 Note that "Hulle" is properly written with an umlaut on the "u". Hulle cell FAO:0000048 A specialized multinucleate cell that originates from a nest-like aggregation of hyphae during sexual development. Hulle cells serve as nurse cells to the developing cleistothecium. AspGD:mcc PMID:19210625 The swollen region at the apex of a conidiophore, bearing multiple metulae. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000049 conidiophore vesicle FAO:0000049 The swollen region at the apex of a conidiophore, bearing multiple metulae. AspGD:mcc PMID:9529886 The elongated part of the conidiophore that extends, often aerially, from the growth substrate and supports the structures that bear conidia. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000050 conidiophore stalk FAO:0000050 The elongated part of the conidiophore that extends, often aerially, from the growth substrate and supports the structures that bear conidia. AspGD:mcc PMID:9529886 An asexual spore that is produced on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate. Oidia are borne a few at a time, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus. Maria 2011-06-10T12:03:49Z GO:0034297 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000051 oidium FAO:0000051 An asexual spore that is produced on very simple hyphae that protrude a short distance into the substrate. Oidia are borne a few at a time, and are usually presumed not to constitute the main reproductive strategy of the fungus. http://www.mushroomthejournal.com/greatlakesdata/Terms/oidiu163.html A structure within which spores develop. Maria 2011-06-10T12:06:16Z GO:0043582 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000052 sporangium FAO:0000052 A structure within which spores develop. FAO:curators A thick-walled structure that arises from a zygote formed by the fusion or conjugation of two hyphal branches, produces spores, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes. Maria 2011-06-10T12:14:19Z GO:0075271 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000053 zygosporangium FAO:0000053 A thick-walled structure that arises from a zygote formed by the fusion or conjugation of two hyphal branches, produces spores, and is characteristic of the Zygomycetes. FAO:curators ISBN:9781107079915 A dikaryotic spore, typically of a rust fungus, that is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host. Maria 2011-06-10T12:18:12Z GO:0075247 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000054 aeciospore FAO:0000054 A dikaryotic spore, typically of a rust fungus, that is produced in an aecium; in heteroecious rusts, the aeciospore is a spore stage that infects the alternate host. FAO:curators A nonmotile, asexual spore, usually a sporangiospore, common in the Phycomycetes. Maria 2011-06-10T12:21:58Z GO:0075289 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000055 aplanospore FAO:0000055 A nonmotile, asexual spore, usually a sporangiospore, common in the Phycomycetes. FAO:curators answers.com:aplanospore A cuplike structure of some rust fungi that contains chains of aeciospores. Maria 2011-06-10T02:45:15Z GO:0075267 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000056 aecium FAO:0000056 A cuplike structure of some rust fungi that contains chains of aeciospores. FAO:curators A teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi. A sorus is a cluster of sporangia; the telium is a pustule-like sorus that forms on the tissue of a plant infected by a rust fungus and produces teliospores. Maria 2011-06-10T02:47:39Z GO:0075275 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000057 telium FAO:0000057 A teliospore-bearing sorus of the rust fungi. A sorus is a cluster of sporangia; the telium is a pustule-like sorus that forms on the tissue of a plant infected by a rust fungus and produces teliospores. FAO:curators A reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus, in which urediniospores are produced. Maria 2011-06-10T02:49:08Z GO:0075279 uredium fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000058 uredinium FAO:0000058 A reddish, pustule-like structure formed by a rust fungus, in which urediniospores are produced. FAO:curators uredium FAO:mah A tubular structure that connects two individuals during conjugation, through which the transfer of genetic material can occur. The conjugation tube usually forms in response to pheromone. mariacostanzo 2013-04-02T03:23:27Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000059 conjugation tube FAO:0000059 A tubular structure that connects two individuals during conjugation, through which the transfer of genetic material can occur. The conjugation tube usually forms in response to pheromone. CGD:doi http://science.yourdictionary.com/conjugation-tube A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection, a structure that separates differing nuclei, which have been obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types, into distinct hyphal segments that are separated by septa (cross walls). mariacostanzo 2013-04-02T03:28:00Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000060 clamp cell FAO:0000060 A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection, a structure that separates differing nuclei, which have been obtained through mating of hyphae of differing sexual types, into distinct hyphal segments that are separated by septa (cross walls). CGD:doi A structure produced in a dikaryotic hypha upon migration of the nuclei after mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. The clamp fuses to compartmentalize a nucleus within the subapical cell. Note: A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection is called a "clamp cell". mariacostanzo 2013-04-02T03:29:16Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000061 fused clamp FAO:0000061 A structure produced in a dikaryotic hypha upon migration of the nuclei after mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. The clamp fuses to compartmentalize a nucleus within the subapical cell. Note: A hyphal cell that forms a clamp connection is called a "clamp cell". CGD:doi A structure that separates the nuclei within monokaryotic hyphae into distinct hyphal segments. Monokaryotic hyphae are produced during unisexual reproduction or hyphal development of a diploid, in contrast to dikaryotic hyphae which are produced by mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. mariacostanzo 2013-04-02T03:31:28Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000062 unfused clamp FAO:0000062 A structure that separates the nuclei within monokaryotic hyphae into distinct hyphal segments. Monokaryotic hyphae are produced during unisexual reproduction or hyphal development of a diploid, in contrast to dikaryotic hyphae which are produced by mating of hyphae of differing sexual types. CGD:doi A large, highly polyploid cell that has altered capsule structure, a thickened cell wall, and increased resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stresses relative to yeast-form cells of the same species. Identified in Cryptococcus neoformans, in which the morphological transition to Tina cell form enables the fungus to evade the immune system of a mammalian host. mariacostanzo 2013-04-03T11:15:35Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000063 titan cell FAO:0000063 A large, highly polyploid cell that has altered capsule structure, a thickened cell wall, and increased resistance to nitrosative and oxidative stresses relative to yeast-form cells of the same species. Identified in Cryptococcus neoformans, in which the morphological transition to Tina cell form enables the fungus to evade the immune system of a mammalian host. CGD:doi PMID:21821718 PMID:29775474 A forcibly discharged asexual spore. With fungi, most types of basidiospores formed on basidia are discharged into the air from the tips of sterigmata. mariacostanzo 2013-04-03T11:18:18Z ballistoconidium fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000064 ballistospore FAO:0000064 A forcibly discharged asexual spore. With fungi, most types of basidiospores formed on basidia are discharged into the air from the tips of sterigmata. CGD:doi A binucleate cell observed in some fungi that forms when two compatible nuclei, each originating from one of the cells, pair off after plasmogamy and cohabit without karyogamy within a hyphal compartment. The nuclei divide synchronously and are passed in pairs to newer cells or hyphal tips, which are also binucleate. mariacostanzo 2013-04-03T11:20:00Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000065 dikaryon FAO:0000065 A binucleate cell observed in some fungi that forms when two compatible nuclei, each originating from one of the cells, pair off after plasmogamy and cohabit without karyogamy within a hyphal compartment. The nuclei divide synchronously and are passed in pairs to newer cells or hyphal tips, which are also binucleate. CGD:doi FAO:mah http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikaryon The appendage or portion of a commensal or parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. Haustoria may arise from intercellular hyphae, appressoria, or external hyphae. mariacostanzo 2013-04-03T11:21:38Z BTO:0000515 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000066 haustorium FAO:0000066 The appendage or portion of a commensal or parasitic fungus (the hyphal tip) that penetrates the host's tissue and draws nutrients from it. Haustoria may arise from intercellular hyphae, appressoria, or external hyphae. CGD:doi A large, thick-walled resting spore with condensed cytoplasm, formed within hyphae or at hyphal tips in several kinds of fungi. mariacostanzo 2013-04-03T11:41:14Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0000067 chlamydospore FAO:0000067 A large, thick-walled resting spore with condensed cytoplasm, formed within hyphae or at hyphal tips in several kinds of fungi. CGD:doi FAO:mah PMID:16215181 A long, branching filamentous structure formed by a vegetatively growing fungus. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001001 hypha FAO:0001001 A long, branching filamentous structure formed by a vegetatively growing fungus. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A chain of cells, formed under specific growth conditions, in which yeast-form fungal cells become elongated, bud only at the cellular pole distal to the mother cell, and fail to separate after division. Pseudohyphae exhibit constrictions at the cell-cell junctions, in contrast to true hyphae which are of more uniform diameter. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001002 pseudohypha FAO:0001002 A chain of cells, formed under specific growth conditions, in which yeast-form fungal cells become elongated, bud only at the cellular pole distal to the mother cell, and fail to separate after division. Pseudohyphae exhibit constrictions at the cell-cell junctions, in contrast to true hyphae which are of more uniform diameter. FAO:mcc A hypha that forms part of a mycelium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001003 hypha in mycelium FAO:0001003 A hypha that forms part of a mycelium. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, and that exists as part of a mycelium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001004 septate hypha in mycelium FAO:0001004 A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls, and that exists as part of a mycelium. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with a central channel through which nutrients are conducted. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001005 rhizomorph FAO:0001005 A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with a central channel through which nutrients are conducted. FAO:clt ISBN:0632030771 A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with specialized channels through which nutrients are conducted. BTO:0000660 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001006 mycelial cord FAO:0001006 A thick strand of hyphae oriented in parallel to each other, with specialized channels through which nutrients are conducted. FAO:clt ISBN:0632030771 A compact hyphal mass, on or in which fruiting bodies are formed. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001007 stroma FAO:0001007 A compact hyphal mass, on or in which fruiting bodies are formed. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions. BTO:0001810 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001008 sclerotium FAO:0001008 A mycelial resting body, resistant to adverse environmental conditions. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001009 septate hypha FAO:0001009 A hypha that is divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. Septa may be present in older portions of the hypha, or at the base of reproductive structures. FAO:mcc fungal_anatomy_ontology coenocytic hypha FAO:0001010 aseptate hypha FAO:0001010 A hypha whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa, or lateral cell walls. Septa may be present in older portions of the hypha, or at the base of reproductive structures. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of a hypha. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001011 hyphal tip FAO:0001011 The growing end of a hypha. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001012 hyphal tip, hypha in mycelium FAO:0001012 The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001013 hypha with dolipore septa, in mycelium FAO:0001013 A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa. FAO:mcc fungal_anatomy_ontology coenocytic hypha in mycelium FAO:0001014 aseptate hypha in mycelium FAO:0001014 A hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001015 hyphal tip, septate hypha in mycelium FAO:0001015 The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001016 hyphal tip, septate hypha FAO:0001016 The growing end of an aseptate hypha that is part of a mycelium. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001017 hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa in mycelium FAO:0001017 The growing end of a hypha that is divided internally by dolipore septa and is part of a mycelium. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001018 hypha with dolipore septa FAO:0001018 A hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of a hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001019 hyphal tip, hypha with dolipore septa FAO:0001019 The growing end of a hypha that is divided by dolipore septa. A dolipore septum is a cross-wall that contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001020 hyphal tip, aseptate hypha in mycelium FAO:0001020 The growing end of a hypha that is part of a mycelium, and whose growing portion contains multiple nuclei but is not divided internally by septa. FAO:mah FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 The growing end of a hypha that is not divided internally by septa, or cross-walls. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001021 hyphal tip, aseptate hypha FAO:0001021 The growing end of a hypha that is not divided internally by septa, or cross-walls. FAO:mcc ISBN:0471522295 A cell engaged in or about to engage in the process of mating; exhibits different morphology from a vegetative cell due to the action of mating pheromones. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001022 mating cell FAO:0001022 A cell engaged in or about to engage in the process of mating; exhibits different morphology from a vegetative cell due to the action of mating pheromones. FAO:mcc An elongated, asymmetric cell formed before mating, in response to mating pheromone, by Saccharomyces species and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001023 shmoo FAO:0001023 An elongated, asymmetric cell formed before mating, in response to mating pheromone, by Saccharomyces species and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles. FAO:mcc ISBN:0879693568 FAO:0001024 true A mass of hyphae, usually in wood or bark; visible with the naked eye. BTO:0000890 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001025 mycelial felt FAO:0001025 BTO:0000890 A mass of hyphae, usually in wood or bark; visible with the naked eye. BTO:0000890 OBSOLETE. The fungal component of the lichen partnership, absorbing nutrients and providing structural support for the plant. fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001026 This term was made obsolete because it represents a class of organism, not a fungal structure. obsolete mycobiont true FAO:0001026 OBSOLETE. The fungal component of the lichen partnership, absorbing nutrients and providing structural support for the plant. BTO:0000892 A composite structure formed by the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a seed plant. BTO:0000893 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001027 mycorrhiza FAO:0001027 A composite structure formed by the symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus with the roots of a seed plant. BTO:0000893 A fruiting body formed by some cellular slime moulds; has a stalk and a spore mass. BTO:0001098 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001028 sorocarp FAO:0001028 BTO:0001098 A fruiting body formed by some cellular slime moulds; has a stalk and a spore mass. BTO:0001098 A multinucleate plasmodium-like body formed by aggregation of myxamoebae without fusion of their protoplasm. BTO:0001139 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001029 pseudoplasmodium FAO:0001029 BTO:0001139 A multinucleate plasmodium-like body formed by aggregation of myxamoebae without fusion of their protoplasm. BTO:0001139 An invasive mycelium that forms within a solid or semi-solid substrate such as wood, soil or agar. BTO:0001562 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001030 substrate mycelium FAO:0001030 An invasive mycelium that forms within a solid or semi-solid substrate such as wood, soil or agar. FAO:doi A mycelium that forms prior to sporulation and extends aerially, or perpendicular, to its substrate. BTO:0001562 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001031 aerial mycelium FAO:0001031 BTO:0001562 A mycelium that forms prior to sporulation and extends aerially, or perpendicular, to its substrate. FAO:doi An open or expanded fruiting body that has asci contained on its exposed surface; found in lichens and actinomycetous fungi. BTO:0002160 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001034 apothecium FAO:0001034 BTO:0002160 An open or expanded fruiting body that has asci contained on its exposed surface; found in lichens and actinomycetous fungi. BTO:0002160 An ascocarp that is composed of a loose network of mycelia through which ascospores filter and are released at maturity; its reproductive organs are in the form of naked asci. Found in fungi of the family Gymnoascaceae. BTO:0002163 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001035 gymnothecium FAO:0001035 BTO:0002163 An ascocarp that is composed of a loose network of mycelia through which ascospores filter and are released at maturity; its reproductive organs are in the form of naked asci. Found in fungi of the family Gymnoascaceae. BTO:0002163 A flask-shaped fruiting body that forms a pore for the escape of spores; found in some molds and ascomycetous fungi. BTO:0002164 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001036 perithecium FAO:0001036 BTO:0002164 A flask-shaped fruiting body that forms a pore for the escape of spores; found in some molds and ascomycetous fungi. BTO:0002164 An outgrowth produced by germinating spores in certain species of spore-releasing fungi. The germ tube differentiates, grows, and undergoes mitosis to create somatic hyphae. BTO:0004822 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001051 germ tube FAO:0001051 BTO:0004822 An outgrowth produced by germinating spores in certain species of spore-releasing fungi. The germ tube differentiates, grows, and undergoes mitosis to create somatic hyphae. BTO:0004822 The nodule from which a mushroom develops. The primordium, less than two millimeters in diameter, resembles a pinhead, and is typically found on or near the surface of the substrate. It is formed within the mycelium, the mass of threadlike hyphae that make up the fungus. The primordium enlarges into a roundish structure of interwoven hyphae roughly resembling an egg, called a button. BTO:0005533 fungal_anatomy_ontology primordium FAO:0001052 fungal primordium FAO:0001052 BTO:0005533 The nodule from which a mushroom develops. The primordium, less than two millimeters in diameter, resembles a pinhead, and is typically found on or near the surface of the substrate. It is formed within the mycelium, the mass of threadlike hyphae that make up the fungus. The primordium enlarges into a roundish structure of interwoven hyphae roughly resembling an egg, called a button. BTO:0005533 primordium BTO:0005533 A very small sclerotium. BTO:0006116 fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0001053 microsclerotium FAO:0001053 BTO:0006116 A very small sclerotium. BTO:0006116 A spherical fungal structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. A protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae, and develops into a perithecium. midori 2018-09-21T10:54:17Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002001 protoperithecium FAO:0002001 A spherical fungal structure that is formed in the sexual phase of ascomycetous fungi such as Neurospora crassa and Sordaria macrospora. A protoperithecium is formed by the enveloping of ascogonia cells by sterile hyphae, and develops into a perithecium. DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00286-1_2 PMID:125266 PMID:20739093 PMID:25311923 PMID:4410944 PMID:6235211 PMID:6235212 A fungal structure that comprises more than one cell. midori 2019-05-03T13:33:22Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002002 multicellular fungal structure FAO:0002002 A fungal structure that comprises more than one cell. FAO:mah A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single unicellular organism. midori 2019-05-03T14:07:29Z multicellular structure, unicellular organism fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002003 multicellular fungal structure, unicellular organism FAO:0002003 A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single unicellular organism. FAO:doi multicellular structure, unicellular organism FAO:doi A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single multicellular organism. midori 2019-05-03T14:10:13Z multicellular structure, multicellular organism fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002004 multicellular fungal structure, multicellular organism FAO:0002004 A multicellular fungal structure composed of two or more cells of a single multicellular organism. FAO:doi multicellular structure, multicellular organism FAO:doi A modified hypha that forms a specialized structure used by a fungus to penetrate a target. The appressorium first presses against the substrate, usually with a flattened morphology, and then forms a penetration peg that enters the substrate via turgor pressure. Parasitic and mutualistic fungi use appressoria to enter host cells, and some saprotrophs can form appressoria to penetrate non-living substrates. midori 2020-01-10T14:43:59Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002005 appressorium FAO:0002005 A modified hypha that forms a specialized structure used by a fungus to penetrate a target. The appressorium first presses against the substrate, usually with a flattened morphology, and then forms a penetration peg that enters the substrate via turgor pressure. Parasitic and mutualistic fungi use appressoria to enter host cells, and some saprotrophs can form appressoria to penetrate non-living substrates. FAO:mah PMID:15012214 PMID:15012548 PMID:22496661 PMID:26043436 PMID:31382649 A spore-producing structure that is formed following same-sex (self) mating. These structures are produced by Cryptococcus species in a manner similar to sexual mating except that the resulting spores are isogenic with the parental strain. midori 2020-01-23T14:04:34Z haploid fruit body haploid fruitbody haploid fruiting body monokaryotic fruit body monokaryotic fruiting body fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002006 monokaryotic fruitbody FAO:0002006 A spore-producing structure that is formed following same-sex (self) mating. These structures are produced by Cryptococcus species in a manner similar to sexual mating except that the resulting spores are isogenic with the parental strain. FAO:doi haploid fruit body FAO:doi haploid fruitbody FAO:doi haploid fruiting body FAO:doi monokaryotic fruit body FAO:doi monokaryotic fruiting body FAO:doi A specialized cell with an enlarged cell wall that develops from a hyphal cell in a septate mycelium and swells at the aerial terminus to form a conidiophore vesicle. The aerial portion of the foot cell forms the conidiophore stalk. midori 2020-01-23T15:25:29Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002007 conidiophore foot cell FAO:0002007 A specialized cell with an enlarged cell wall that develops from a hyphal cell in a septate mycelium and swells at the aerial terminus to form a conidiophore vesicle. The aerial portion of the foot cell forms the conidiophore stalk. FAO:doi A short, thin, unbranched tubular structure that emerges from a conidium and grows towards, and then fuses with, a similar tube growing from another conidium or conidial germling. midori 2020-01-23T15:57:41Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002008 conidial anastomosis tube FAO:0002008 A short, thin, unbranched tubular structure that emerges from a conidium and grows towards, and then fuses with, a similar tube growing from another conidium or conidial germling. FAO:doi FAO:mah PMID:16040203 A large, round, thick-walled structure that contains endospores such as those produced by Coccidioides species within a host. midori 2020-01-23T16:18:39Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002009 spherule FAO:0002009 A large, round, thick-walled structure that contains endospores such as those produced by Coccidioides species within a host. FAO:doi A fungal structure that develops during mating and contributes to sexual reproduction. midori 2020-01-23T16:26:39Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002010 sexual structure FAO:0002010 A fungal structure that develops during mating and contributes to sexual reproduction. FAO:doi FAO:mah A hypha that emerges from a yeast-form cell upon stimulation by the pheromone of a compatible mating partner. An example is observed in Cryptococcus species. midori 2020-01-23T16:29:54Z fungal_anatomy_ontology FAO:0002011 mating filament FAO:0002011 A hypha that emerges from a yeast-form cell upon stimulation by the pheromone of a compatible mating partner. An example is observed in Cryptococcus species. FAO:doi GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy all NCBITaxon:1 root NCBITaxon:1 all GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy biota NCBITaxon:131567 cellular organisms NCBITaxon:131567 biota GC_ID:1 PMID:23020233 PMID:30257078 eucaryotes eukaryotes ncbi_taxonomy Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes NCBITaxon:2759 Eukaryota NCBITaxon:2759 eucaryotes eukaryotes Eucarya Eucaryotae Eukarya Eukaryotae eukaryotes GC_ID:1 ncbi_taxonomy Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:33154 Opisthokonta NCBITaxon:33154 Fungi/Metazoa group opisthokonts NCBITaxon:4751 GC_ID:1 PMID:11062127 PMID:12684019 fungi ncbi_taxonomy fungi NCBITaxon:4751 Fungi NCBITaxon:4751 fungi fungi RO:0002160 fungal_anatomy_ontology only_in_taxon only_in_taxon only in taxon * FAO:$sequence(7,0000001,9999999)$ OBO-Edit 2.3.1 23:01:2020 16:30 fungal_anatomy_ontology 1.2 midori version: $Revision: 1.7 $