DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3 13:03:2007 14:52 cereal_plant_growth_stage 1.0 cwt6 $Revision: 1.6 $ This is the first version of the cereal plant growth stage ontology. This is created from the files temporal_gramene.ontology (ver 1.12) and temporal_gramene.definition (ver 1.13). definition has_alternative_id database_cross_reference has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym cereal_plant_growth_stage part_of part of The stages describing the callus growth and differentiation in the tissue culture experiments. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007000 in-vitro culture stage GRO:0007000 The stages describing the callus growth and differentiation in the tissue culture experiments. GR:pj The gross developmental stages defined for the plant. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007001 rice plant growth stage GRO:0007001 The gross developmental stages defined for the plant. GR:pj The development and growth of maize have been translated into several scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. The growth stage terms and their descriptors were provided by the MaizeDB. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007002 maize growth stage GRO:0007002 The development and growth of maize have been translated into several scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. The growth stage terms and their descriptors were provided by the MaizeDB. GR:pj MaizeDB:lv web:http //www.agron.missouri.edu/phenotypes.html Process by which embryonic organs formed during kernel development and which have been dormant in the dry seed, resume their growth under appropriate temperature and moisture conditions cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-0 GRO:0007003 00-germination GRO:0007003 Process by which embryonic organs formed during kernel development and which have been dormant in the dry seed, resume their growth under appropriate temperature and moisture conditions MaizeDB:64055 A case when it is difficult to annotate the growth stage defined in an experiment cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007004 rice growth stage unknown GRO:0007004 A case when it is difficult to annotate the growth stage defined in an experiment GR:pj The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, break through the pericarp. cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-0.2 GRO:0007005 0.02-radicle emergence from seed GRO:0007005 The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, break through the pericarp. MaizeDB:67351 The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule or embryonic shoot, pushes through the pericarp cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-0.3 GRO:0007006 0.03-coleoptile emergence from seed GRO:0007006 The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule or embryonic shoot, pushes through the pericarp MaizeDB:67352 Commonly refers to the growth stage between germination and tassel differentiation, with a duration of approximately three weeks for adapted cultivars in the US Corn Belt cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-1 GRO:0007007 01-seedling GRO:0007007 Commonly refers to the growth stage between germination and tassel differentiation, with a duration of approximately three weeks for adapted cultivars in the US Corn Belt MaizeDB:1863 Coleoptile appears above the soil surface. Nodal roots begin to develop. cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-1.1 GRO:0007008 1.01-seedling emergence GRO:0007008 Coleoptile appears above the soil surface. Nodal roots begin to develop. MaizeDB:64057 First or second leaf collar visible. cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-1.2 GRO:0007009 1.02-one to two leaves GRO:0007009 First or second leaf collar visible. MaizeDB:67353 3 or 4 leaf collars visible cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-1.3 GRO:0007010 1.03-three to four leaves GRO:0007010 3 or 4 leaf collars visible MaizeDB:25331 Apical dome of shoot meristem elongates, followed by appearance of tassel branch primordia. Under favorable conditions in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, this may occur about 2-3 weeks after seedling emergence, when 4-6 leaf collars are visible. Stem growing point is at or near soil surface. Tassel initiation is very sensitive to photoperiod and temperature, maximal sensitivity to these factors occurs during a brief period with a duration, equivalent to the emergence of two leaves, just before tassel initiation cereal_plant_growth_stage 4-6 leaf stage early whorl stage maize growth stage-2 tassel differentiation GRO:0007011 02-tassel initiation GRO:0007011 Apical dome of shoot meristem elongates, followed by appearance of tassel branch primordia. Under favorable conditions in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, this may occur about 2-3 weeks after seedling emergence, when 4-6 leaf collars are visible. Stem growing point is at or near soil surface. Tassel initiation is very sensitive to photoperiod and temperature, maximal sensitivity to these factors occurs during a brief period with a duration, equivalent to the emergence of two leaves, just before tassel initiation MaizeDB:67306 After tassel initiation, stem length begins to increase rapidly, through elongation of cells formed by the intercalary meristem at the base of above-ground internodes. The rate of elongation decreases prior to anthesis, but plant height may continue to increase until after flowering cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-3 mid-whorl stage stem elongation telescoping GRO:0007012 03-rapid stem elongation GRO:0007012 After tassel initiation, stem length begins to increase rapidly, through elongation of cells formed by the intercalary meristem at the base of above-ground internodes. The rate of elongation decreases prior to anthesis, but plant height may continue to increase until after flowering MaizeDB:67358 Elongation of apical dome of axillary meristem corresponding to top ear, followed by appearance of spikelet primordia. Typically, in adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 6-8 leaf collars are visible, but this depends on genotype and environmental conditions. cereal_plant_growth_stage 6 leaf 6-8 leaf 7 leaf 8 leaf V6 V7 V8 maize growth stage-3.1 mid-whorl stage GRO:0007013 3.01-ear initiation GRO:0007013 Elongation of apical dome of axillary meristem corresponding to top ear, followed by appearance of spikelet primordia. Typically, in adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 6-8 leaf collars are visible, but this depends on genotype and environmental conditions. MaizeDB:67356 In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, the collars of leaves 9-11 are visible (some of the lowest leaves may already have degenerated by this stage). By 10-leaf stage, new leaves appear every 2-3 days. Tassel development accelerates, and rapid stem elongation continues. cereal_plant_growth_stage 1-11 leaf 10-leaf 11-leaf 9-leaf V-11 V10 V9 maize growth stage-3.2 GRO:0007014 3.02-late whorl stage GRO:0007014 In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, the collars of leaves 9-11 are visible (some of the lowest leaves may already have degenerated by this stage). By 10-leaf stage, new leaves appear every 2-3 days. Tassel development accelerates, and rapid stem elongation continues. MaizeDB:67357 Rapid stem elongation continues. In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 12-14 leaf collars are visible. Number of ovules (potential kernels) is being determined. Male meiosis begins about this time cereal_plant_growth_stage V12 V13 V14 maize growth stage-3.3 GRO:0007015 3.03-mid-vegetative GRO:0007015 Rapid stem elongation continues. In adapted materials in the US Corn Belt, 12-14 leaf collars are visible. Number of ovules (potential kernels) is being determined. Male meiosis begins about this time MaizeDB:67359 Late vegetative stage, corresponding to the 15-leaf stage or later in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, which normally have a total of about 20 leaves. Depending on genotype and environmental conditions, a corn plant may develop 10-30 leaves. Ear is developing rapidly and silk elongation begins. Female meiosis begins when silks are approx. 2 mm long and ears approx. 2 cm long. Brace roots begin growing, a new leaf is added every 1-2 days cereal_plant_growth_stage V15 V16 V17 V18 V19 V20 maize growth stage-3.4 GRO:0007016 3.04-late vegetative GRO:0007016 Late vegetative stage, corresponding to the 15-leaf stage or later in adapted hybrids in the US Corn Belt, which normally have a total of about 20 leaves. Depending on genotype and environmental conditions, a corn plant may develop 10-30 leaves. Ear is developing rapidly and silk elongation begins. Female meiosis begins when silks are approx. 2 mm long and ears approx. 2 cm long. Brace roots begin growing, a new leaf is added every 1-2 days MaizeDB:67360 Includes both male (pollen) and female (embryo sac) gametophyte development, which are sub stages of this stage cereal_plant_growth_stage gametogenesis maize growth stage-4 GRO:0007017 04-gametophyte development GRO:0007017 Includes both male (pollen) and female (embryo sac) gametophyte development, which are sub stages of this stage MaizeDB:67385 Microsporogenesis, or pollen development, includes all stages from microsporocyte meiosis through the mature pollen grain cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-4.1 male gametophyte development microspore development microsporogenesis GRO:0007018 4.01-pollen development GRO:0007018 Microsporogenesis, or pollen development, includes all stages from microsporocyte meiosis through the mature pollen grain MaizeDB:67383 Includes megasporogenesis (female meiosis) and megagametogenesis (beginning with mitotic division of the meiotic products through maturation of the embryo sac) cereal_plant_growth_stage female gametophyte development maize growth stage-4.2 megagametogenesis megaspore development megasporogenesis GRO:0007019 4.02-embryo sac development GRO:0007019 Includes megasporogenesis (female meiosis) and megagametogenesis (beginning with mitotic division of the meiotic products through maturation of the embryo sac) MaizeDB:67384 The term "flowering" is used here to encompass the processes of anthesis (pollen shed), silking (emergence of styles from husk), pollination, and fertilization cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-5 GRO:0007020 05-flowering GRO:0007020 The term "flowering" is used here to encompass the processes of anthesis (pollen shed), silking (emergence of styles from husk), pollination, and fertilization MaizeDB:13811 Anthers are extruded between glume and lemma, pores at the anther tip break open, and pollen is released. Pollen shed occurs first from spikelets slightly above the middle of the central axis of the tassel, then proceeds towards tip and base, pollen shedding from lateral branches occurs somewhat later. cereal_plant_growth_stage Pollen shed Pollen shedding VT maize growth stage-5.1 GRO:0007021 5.01-anthesis GRO:0007021 Anthers are extruded between glume and lemma, pores at the anther tip break open, and pollen is released. Pollen shed occurs first from spikelets slightly above the middle of the central axis of the tassel, then proceeds towards tip and base, pollen shedding from lateral branches occurs somewhat later. MaizeDB:67361 Silks (styles) emerge from the husks at the ear tip. Normally the first silks appear slightly after anthesis begins, but this interval can be delayed by drought or other stresses. Silks of spikelets at the base of the ear emerge prior to those from more apical spikelets cereal_plant_growth_stage R1 maize growth stage-5.2 silk emergence GRO:0007022 5.02-silking GRO:0007022 Silks (styles) emerge from the husks at the ear tip. Normally the first silks appear slightly after anthesis begins, but this interval can be delayed by drought or other stresses. Silks of spikelets at the base of the ear emerge prior to those from more apical spikelets MaizeDB:67362 Pollen lands on a silk hair, hydrates, and germinates by sending out a pollen tube through the pollen pore. The pollen tube grows rapidly (0.5 cm/hr) down the length of the silk to the ovary and the embryo sac cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-5.3 GRO:0007023 5.03-pollination GRO:0007023 Pollen lands on a silk hair, hydrates, and germinates by sending out a pollen tube through the pollen pore. The pollen tube grows rapidly (0.5 cm/hr) down the length of the silk to the ovary and the embryo sac MaizeDB:67364 Fertilization occurs 16-24 hours after pollination. It consists of the simultaneous fusion of 1 sperm cell with the egg to form the diploid zygote, and the other sperm cell with 2 polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus cereal_plant_growth_stage double fecundation double fertilization fecundation maize growth stage-5.4 GRO:0007024 5.04-fertilization GRO:0007024 Fertilization occurs 16-24 hours after pollination. It consists of the simultaneous fusion of 1 sperm cell with the egg to form the diploid zygote, and the other sperm cell with 2 polar nuclei to form the triploid primary endosperm nucleus GR:pj MAizeDB:67365 The period of slow kernel growth between fertilization and the beginning of linear grain-filling, lasting roughly 10-12 days. Some workers divides this period into dilatory and exponential phases, which approximately coincide with the endosperm's free nuclear and mitotic stages, respectively. From about 4-10 days after pollination, the embryo is in the proembryo stage, a club-shaped mass of cells with little differentiation except for a basal suspensor region, and an apical region of smaller cells, the embryo proper cereal_plant_growth_stage R1 lag phase maize growth stage-6 proembryo GRO:0007025 06-post-flowering GRO:0007025 The period of slow kernel growth between fertilization and the beginning of linear grain-filling, lasting roughly 10-12 days. Some workers divides this period into dilatory and exponential phases, which approximately coincide with the endosperm's free nuclear and mitotic stages, respectively. From about 4-10 days after pollination, the embryo is in the proembryo stage, a club-shaped mass of cells with little differentiation except for a basal suspensor region, and an apical region of smaller cells, the embryo proper MaizeDB:67370 This phase is the initial few days following fertilization, during which time very slow dry matter accumulation occurs in the kernel. In the endosperm, the primary endosperm nucleus divides 2-4 hours after fertilization, followed by rapid synchronous divisions to produce a free nuclear tissue. The fertilized egg undergoes its first division about 10-12 hours after fertilization, and by the end of this stage will have developed into the proembryo with about 12-24 cells cereal_plant_growth_stage free nuclear maize growth stage-6.1 GRO:0007026 6.01-dilatory GRO:0007026 This phase is the initial few days following fertilization, during which time very slow dry matter accumulation occurs in the kernel. In the endosperm, the primary endosperm nucleus divides 2-4 hours after fertilization, followed by rapid synchronous divisions to produce a free nuclear tissue. The fertilized egg undergoes its first division about 10-12 hours after fertilization, and by the end of this stage will have developed into the proembryo with about 12-24 cells MaizeDB:67371 The phase with increased metabolic activity and rapid kernel development that links the dilatory phase with the linear grain-filling period. It occurs approximately 5-12 days after pollination (dap). In the endosperm, cell walls are laid down beginning about 5 dap, changing the free nuclear tissue into a cellular one. The embryo continues in the proembryo stage through about 10 dap. MaizeDB includes a sub-stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-6.2 GRO:0007027 6.02-exponential GRO:0007027 The phase with increased metabolic activity and rapid kernel development that links the dilatory phase with the linear grain-filling period. It occurs approximately 5-12 days after pollination (dap). In the endosperm, cell walls are laid down beginning about 5 dap, changing the free nuclear tissue into a cellular one. The embryo continues in the proembryo stage through about 10 dap. MaizeDB includes a sub-stage. MaizeDB:67369 Occurs when the ovoid, radially symmetrical proembryo elongates to form a cone-shaped structure, establishing the future shoot-root meristem axis, about 10-12 days after pollination. cereal_plant_growth_stage endoreduplication maize growth stage-6.2.1 GRO:0007028 In the endosperm, mitotic activity in the central region declines, and nuclear size and DNA content begin to increase (endoreduplication) 6.02.1-transition stage GRO:0007028 Occurs when the ovoid, radially symmetrical proembryo elongates to form a cone-shaped structure, establishing the future shoot-root meristem axis, about 10-12 days after pollination. MaizeDB:67451 Stage of rapid, nearly linear increase in kernel dry matter, that begins about 2 weeks after pollination and lasts almost until physiological maturity cereal_plant_growth_stage effective filling period grain filling maize growth stage-7 GRO:0007029 07-linear grain-filling GRO:0007029 Stage of rapid, nearly linear increase in kernel dry matter, that begins about 2 weeks after pollination and lasts almost until physiological maturity MaizeDB:64632 This stage is initiated when significant starch accumulation begins, approximately 12-17 days after pollination (dap). Kernels appear white and translucent, endosperm and its inner fluid are clear. Endoreduplication, an increase in DNA content in endosperm cells, which began in the transition stage, peaks about 16-18 dap cereal_plant_growth_stage R2 maize growth stage-7.1 GRO:0007030 dap is days after pollination 7.01-blister stage GRO:0007030 This stage is initiated when significant starch accumulation begins, approximately 12-17 days after pollination (dap). Kernels appear white and translucent, endosperm and its inner fluid are clear. Endoreduplication, an increase in DNA content in endosperm cells, which began in the transition stage, peaks about 16-18 dap MaizeDB:67372 In the coleoptilar stage, the embryo develops a prominent shoot apical meristem surrounded by the coleoptilar ring, and backed by the flattened, spade-shaped scutellum, it occurs about 12-14 days after pollination cereal_plant_growth_stage embryo coleoptilar stage maize growth stage-7.1.1 GRO:0007031 7.01.1-coleoptilar stage GRO:0007031 In the coleoptilar stage, the embryo develops a prominent shoot apical meristem surrounded by the coleoptilar ring, and backed by the flattened, spade-shaped scutellum, it occurs about 12-14 days after pollination MaizeDB:67376 Embryo stage 1 is defined by the appearance of first leaf primordium from the shoot apical meristem, it occurs about 14-18 days after pollination, when embryo is slightly more than 1 mm long cereal_plant_growth_stage embryo stage 1 maize growth stage-7.1.2 GRO:0007032 Stage 1 embryos are often used to initiate embryonic callus in tissue culture experiments 7.01.2-embryo-1 GRO:0007032 Embryo stage 1 is defined by the appearance of first leaf primordium from the shoot apical meristem, it occurs about 14-18 days after pollination, when embryo is slightly more than 1 mm long MaizeDB:67377 Endosperm fluid has changed from clear to a milky white, more viscous substance due to accumulating starch, kernels are about 80% moisture, aleurone color characteristic of the genotype appears, occurs about 18-22 days after pollination cereal_plant_growth_stage R3 embryo stage 2 embryo-2 maize growth stage-7.2 GRO:0007033 The embryo is at stage 2: second leaf primordium is formed, and embryo length is approx. 2 mm 7.02-stage GRO:0007033 Endosperm fluid has changed from clear to a milky white, more viscous substance due to accumulating starch, kernels are about 80% moisture, aleurone color characteristic of the genotype appears, occurs about 18-22 days after pollination MaizeDB:67373 Endosperm fluid has changed to a pasty or soft dough-like consistency, kernels have about 70% moisture, occurs about 22-28 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 3: third leaf primordium forms, radicle is recognizable within the coleorhiza, embryo is about 3 mm long cereal_plant_growth_stage R4 dough stage embryo stage 3 embryo-3 maize growth stage-7.3 GRO:0007034 7.03-early dough stage GRO:0007034 Endosperm fluid has changed to a pasty or soft dough-like consistency, kernels have about 70% moisture, occurs about 22-28 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 3: third leaf primordium forms, radicle is recognizable within the coleorhiza, embryo is about 3 mm long MaizeDB:67374 Endosperm consistency checked by firmer dough than in the previous stage. Towards end of this stage, in dent genotypes, kernels begin to dent on top, occurs about 28-35 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 4: fourth leaf primordium has formed, embryo is 5-6 mm long cereal_plant_growth_stage embryo stage 4 embryo-4 maize growth stage-7.4 GRO:0007035 7.04-late dough stage GRO:0007035 Endosperm consistency checked by firmer dough than in the previous stage. Towards end of this stage, in dent genotypes, kernels begin to dent on top, occurs about 28-35 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 4: fourth leaf primordium has formed, embryo is 5-6 mm long MaizeDB:67379 Rate of dry matter accumulation in kernel diminishes as endosperm transfer cells are crushed. All or nearly all kernels are dented (in a dent genotype), kernels are about 50-55% moisture, husk has begun to dry rapidly, occurs about 35-42 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 5, fifth leaf primordium has formed and lateral seminal root primordia can be observed cereal_plant_growth_stage R5 attenuative dent stage embryo stage 5 embryo-5 leveling of of dry matter accumulation maize growth stage-8 GRO:0007036 08-leveling of of grain-filling GRO:0007036 Rate of dry matter accumulation in kernel diminishes as endosperm transfer cells are crushed. All or nearly all kernels are dented (in a dent genotype), kernels are about 50-55% moisture, husk has begun to dry rapidly, occurs about 35-42 days after pollination. Embryo is at stage 5, fifth leaf primordium has formed and lateral seminal root primordia can be observed MaizeDB:67382 The stage begins at physiological maturity (when the kernel has approximately 30-35% moisture) and continues through dry kernel (15% moisture or less). This stage is subdivided into the two stages listed above. cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-9 senescence GRO:0007037 09-maturity GRO:0007037 The stage begins at physiological maturity (when the kernel has approximately 30-35% moisture) and continues through dry kernel (15% moisture or less). This stage is subdivided into the two stages listed above. MaizeDB:11088 Occurs when grain dry matter accumulation ceases and a black abscission layer forms at the base of the kernel, approx. 50-65 days after pollination, grain moisture is about 30-35%. Embryo is at stage 6: a sixth leaf primordium may have formed, although many genotypes form only 5 embryonic leaves, dormancy occurs after massive hydration of embryo cells cereal_plant_growth_stage R6 black layer embryo stage 6 embryo-6 maize growth stage-9.1 GRO:0007038 9.01-physiological maturity GRO:0007038 Occurs when grain dry matter accumulation ceases and a black abscission layer forms at the base of the kernel, approx. 50-65 days after pollination, grain moisture is about 30-35%. Embryo is at stage 6: a sixth leaf primordium may have formed, although many genotypes form only 5 embryonic leaves, dormancy occurs after massive hydration of embryo cells MaizeDB:67380 The kernel has dried to safe storage moisture, 15% or less cereal_plant_growth_stage dry seed maize growth stage-9.2 storage maturity GRO:0007039 9.02-dry kernel GRO:0007039 The kernel has dried to safe storage moisture, 15% or less MaizeDB:67381 The growth and developmental stages defined for the rice plant. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stages GRO:0007040 rice growth stage GRO:0007040 The growth and developmental stages defined for the rice plant. GR:pj At this point, the panicle is 1 to 2 mm in length and the branching of the panicle is visible cereal_plant_growth_stage PD rice growth stage-4.2 GRO:0007041 In parallel the stem elongation is continuing 4.2-panicle differentiation stage GRO:0007041 At this point, the panicle is 1 to 2 mm in length and the branching of the panicle is visible GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp One of the ripening stages when endosperm starts hardening. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-8 GRO:0007042 08-dough stage GRO:0007042 One of the ripening stages when endosperm starts hardening. GR:pj Occurs when the seed coat has imbibed adequate water becoming soft and elastic. The coleorhiza elongates slightly, emerging through the seed coat and the radicle breaks through the coleorhiza and becomes anchored in the soil or growth media. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-1 GRO:0007043 Thus, under dry-seeded or aerobic conditions, the radicle emerges before the coleoptile. Under water-seeded or reduced oxygen (anaerobic) conditions, the coleoptile may emerge before the root. The coleoptile continues to elongate and several lateral roots called seminal roots form. 01-germination GRO:0007043 Occurs when the seed coat has imbibed adequate water becoming soft and elastic. The coleorhiza elongates slightly, emerging through the seed coat and the radicle breaks through the coleorhiza and becomes anchored in the soil or growth media. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp is the time when the panicle begins to exsert from the boot. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-6 GRO:0007044 Heading may take over 10 to 14 days due to variations within tillers on the same plant and between plants in the field. Agronomically, heading date is defined as the time when 50 percent of the panicles have at least partially exserted from the boot. 06-heading stage GRO:0007044 is the time when the panicle begins to exsert from the boot. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp The whole grain is hard and ready for harvest. This stage is reached at approximately 15-20 percent moisture cereal_plant_growth_stage maturity stage rice growth stage-9 GRO:0007045 09-mature grain stage GRO:0007045 The whole grain is hard and ready for harvest. This stage is reached at approximately 15-20 percent moisture GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp At this stage, the developing starch grains in the kernel are soft, and the interior of the kernel is filled with a white liquid resembling milk. cereal_plant_growth_stage milk grain rice growth stage-7 GRO:0007046 07-milk stage GRO:0007046 At this stage, the developing starch grains in the kernel are soft, and the interior of the kernel is filled with a white liquid resembling milk. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp occurs when the first internode called the mesocotyl has elongated and pushed the tip of the rice coleoptile (epiblast or first sheathing leaf) through the soil surface cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-2 GRO:0007047 The length of the mesocotyl varies with cultivars. Some Semi-dwarf varieties may have a very short mesocotyl and generally will not emerge if covered by more than 1/2 to 3/4 inch of soil. The mesocotyl only develops in the dark and doesnt show up in water-seeded rice 02-seedling GRO:0007047 occurs when the first internode called the mesocotyl has elongated and pushed the tip of the rice coleoptile (epiblast or first sheathing leaf) through the soil surface GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp Begins about the same time panicle initiation is occurring. It continues until full plant height is reached. cereal_plant_growth_stage internode elongation jointing stage rice growth stage-4 GRO:0007048 The top five internodes may elongate. Stem internodes can be distinguished from root internodes by the green color in the stem wall. Overlaps the vegetative and reproductive stages 04-stem elongation stage GRO:0007048 Begins about the same time panicle initiation is occurring. It continues until full plant height is reached. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp Usually begins at the fifth leaf stage when the first tiller is visible and emerges from the axillary bud of the second leaf on the culm. Tillering continues when the sixth leaf emerges, the second tiller comes from the axillary bud of the third leaf. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-3 GRO:0007049 In direct-seeded rice fields with a normal plant population (10 to 20 plants per square foot), rice plants generally produce 2 to 5 panicle bearing tillers per plant compared to 10 to 30 tillers per plant in transplanted rice where more space is available between plants. 03-tillering stage GRO:0007049 Usually begins at the fifth leaf stage when the first tiller is visible and emerges from the axillary bud of the second leaf on the culm. Tillering continues when the sixth leaf emerges, the second tiller comes from the axillary bud of the third leaf. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp true GRO:0007050 cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007051 01-germination GRO:0007051 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007052 Zadok scale-0 1.01-dry seed GRO:0007052 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007053 Zadok scale-1 1.02-start of imbibition GRO:0007053 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When the imbibition of the seed is complete. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007054 Zadok scale-3 1.03-imbibition complete GRO:0007054 When the imbibition of the seed is complete. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007055 Zadok scale-5 1.04-radicle emerged from seed GRO:0007055 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007056 Zadok scale-7 1.05-coleoptile emerged from seed GRO:0007056 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm The leaf has just emerged. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007057 Zadok scale-9, Haun scale-0 1.06-leaf just at coleoptile tip GRO:0007057 The leaf has just emerged. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007058 02-seedling growth GRO:0007058 cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007059 Zadok scale-10, Feekes scale-1 2.01-first leaf through coleoptile GRO:0007059 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007060 Zadok scale-11, Haun scale-1.+ 2.02-first leaf unfolded GRO:0007060 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007061 Zadok scale-12, Haun scale-1.+ 2.03-two leaves unfolded GRO:0007061 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007062 Zadok scale-13, Haun scale-2.+ 2.04-three leaves unfolded GRO:0007062 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007063 Zadok scale-14, Haun scale-3.+ 2.05-four leaves unfolded GRO:0007063 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007064 Zadok scale-15, Haun scale-4.+ 2.06-five leaves unfolded GRO:0007064 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007065 Zadok scale-16, Haun scale-5.+ 2.07-six leaves unfolded GRO:0007065 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007066 Zadok scale-, scale-6.+ 2.08-seven leaves unfolded GRO:0007066 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007067 Zadok scale-18, Haun scale-7.+ 2.09-eight leaves unfolded GRO:0007067 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When 9 or more leaves have unfolded or exposed. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007068 Zadok scale-19 2.10 nine or more leaves unfolded GRO:0007068 When 9 or more leaves have unfolded or exposed. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007069 03-tillering GRO:0007069 cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007070 Zadok scale-20 3.01-main shoot only GRO:0007070 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007071 Zadok scale-21, Feekes scale-2 3.02-main shoot and one tiller GRO:0007071 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007072 Zadok scale-22 3.03-main shoot and two tillers GRO:0007072 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007073 Zadok scale-23 3.04-main shoot and three tillers GRO:0007073 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007074 Zadok scale-24 3.05-main shoot and four tillers GRO:0007074 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007075 Zadok scale-25 3.06-main shoot and five tillers GRO:0007075 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007076 Zadok scale-26, Feekes scale-3 3.07-shoot and six tillers GRO:0007076 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007077 Zadok scale-27 3.08-main shoot and seven tillers GRO:0007077 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007078 Zadok scale-28 3.09-main shoot and eight tillers GRO:0007078 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007079 Zadok scale-29 3.10-main shoot and nine or more tillers GRO:0007079 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007080 04-stem elongation GRO:0007080 cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007081 Zadok scale-30, Feekes scale 4-5 4.01-pseudo stem erection GRO:0007081 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007082 Zadok scale-31, Feekes scale-6 4.02 first node detectable GRO:0007082 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007083 Zadok scale-32, Feekes scale-7 4.03-second node detectable GRO:0007083 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007084 Zadok scale-33 4.04-third node detectable GRO:0007084 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007085 Zadok scale-34 4.05-fourth node detectable GRO:0007085 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007086 Zadok scale-35 4.06-fifth node detectable GRO:0007086 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007087 Zadok scale-36 4.07-sixth node detectable GRO:0007087 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007088 Zadok scale-37, Feekes scale-8 4.08-flag leaf just visible GRO:0007088 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007089 Zadok scale-39, Feekes scale-9 4.09-flag leaf ligule/collar just visible GRO:0007089 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007090 Zadok scale-40 05-booting GRO:0007090 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007091 Zadok scale-41, Haun scale-8 to 9 5.01-flag leaf sheath extending GRO:0007091 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007092 Zadok scale-45, Feekes scale-10, Haun scale-9.2 5.02-boots just swollen GRO:0007092 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007093 Zadok scale-47 5.03-flag leaf sheath opening GRO:0007093 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007094 Zadok scale-49, Haun scale-10.1 5.04-first awns visible GRO:0007094 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007095 06-inflorescence emergence GRO:0007095 cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007096 Zadok scale-50, Feekes scale-10.1, Haun scale-10.2 6.01-first spikelet of inflorescence visible GRO:0007096 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When a quarter of the inflorescence has emerged. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007097 Zadok scale-53, Feekes scale-10.2 6.02-1/4 of inflorescence emerged GRO:0007097 When a quarter of the inflorescence has emerged. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When half of the inflorescence has emerged. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007098 Zadok scale-1, Feekes scale-10.3, Haun scale-10.5 6.03-1/2 of inflorescence emerged GRO:0007098 When half of the inflorescence has emerged. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007099 Zadok scale-57, Feekes scale-10.4, Haun scale-10.7 6.04-3/4 of inflorescence emerged GRO:0007099 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007100 Zadok scale-59, Feekes scale-10.5, Haun scale-11 6.05-emergence of inflorescence completed GRO:0007100 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm The time of flowering or pollination. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007101 07-anthesis GRO:0007101 The time of flowering or pollination. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When the of flowering or pollination has just begun cereal_plant_growth_stage Beginning on anthesis GRO:0007102 Zadok scale-60, Feekes scale-10.51, Haun scale-11.4 7.01-anthesis beginning GRO:0007102 When the of flowering or pollination has just begun GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When the of flowering or pollination has occurred on 50 percent of all florets in the inflorescence cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007103 Haun scale-11.5 7.02-anthesis half-way GRO:0007103 When the of flowering or pollination has occurred on 50 percent of all florets in the inflorescence GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm When the flowering or pollination is complete in all florets. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007104 Zadok scale-69, Haun scale-11.6 7.03-anthesis completed GRO:0007104 When the flowering or pollination is complete in all florets. web:http //www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/cropsystems/DC2547.html#systems cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007105 Zadok scale-70 08-milk development GRO:0007105 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007106 Zadok scale-71, Feekes scale-10.54, Haun scale-12.1 8.01-kernel watery ripe GRO:0007106 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007107 Zadok scale-73, Haun scale-13 8.02-early milk GRO:0007107 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007108 Zadok scale-75, Feekes scale-11.1 8.04-medium milk GRO:0007108 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007109 Zadok scale-77 8.03-late milk GRO:0007109 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007110 Zadok scale-80 09-dough development GRO:0007110 GR:pj web:http //www.ibiblio.org/botnet/glossary/a_vi.html cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007111 Zadok scale-83, Haun scale-14 9.01-early dough GRO:0007111 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007112 Zadok scale-85, Feekes scale-11.2 9.02-soft dough GRO:0007112 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007113 Zadok scale-87, Haun scale-15 9.03-hard dough GRO:0007113 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007114 Zadok scale-90 10-ripening GRO:0007114 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm Kernel is difficult to divide by using the thumbnail. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007115 Zadok scale-91, Feekes scale-11.3 10.01-kernel medium hard GRO:0007115 Kernel is difficult to divide by using the thumbnail. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm Kernel can no longer be dented with thumbnail. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007116 Zadok scale-92, Feekes scale-11.4, Haun scale-16 10.02-kernel hard GRO:0007116 Kernel can no longer be dented with thumbnail. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007117 Zadok scale-93 10.03-kernel loosening in daytime GRO:0007117 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007118 Zadok scale-94 10.04-overripe, straw dead and collapsing GRO:0007118 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007119 Zadok scale-95 10.05-seed dormant GRO:0007119 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm Viable seed giving 50 percent germination. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007120 Zadok scale-96 10.06-viable seed germination GRO:0007120 Viable seed giving 50 percent germination. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007121 Zadok scale-97 10.07-seed not dormant GRO:0007121 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007122 Zadok scale-98 10.08-secondary dormancy induced GRO:0007122 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007123 Zadok scale-99 10.09-secondary dormancy lost GRO:0007123 GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm Sorghum Development and Key Growth Stages as described by Brent Bean and Carl Patrick, Extension Agronomist and Entomologist at the Texas A&M, Agricultural Research and Extension station. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007124 The growth stages defined for Sorghum were extracted from the document at http://primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf sorghum growth stage GRO:0007124 Sorghum Development and Key Growth Stages as described by Brent Bean and Carl Patrick, Extension Agronomist and Entomologist at the Texas A&M, Agricultural Research and Extension station. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Coleoptile visible at soil surface. cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-0 GRO:0007125 Coleoptile is the first leaf and is shorter than the later emerging leaves and has a rounded tip 01-seedling emergence GRO:0007125 Coleoptile visible at soil surface. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Collar of 3rd leaf is visible cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-1 GRO:0007126 This stage will occur approximately 10 days after emergence, depending on soil temperature, moisture, planting depth, etc. 02-three leaf stage GRO:0007126 Collar of 3rd leaf is visible GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Collar of 5th leaf is visible cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-3 GRO:0007127 Occurs approximately 20 days after emergence. May have lost first leaf (coleoptile) by this time. 04-five leaf stage GRO:0007127 Collar of 5th leaf is visible GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Growing point visible above the soil surface. cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-4 GRO:0007128 Occurs approximately 30 to 35 days after emergence. Generally corresponds with the 7 to 8 leaf stage. May have lost 1 to 3 leaves from the bottom of the plant. 05-growing point differentiation GRO:0007128 Growing point visible above the soil surface. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Tip of the flag leaf (last leaf) is visible in the whorl. cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-5 GRO:0007129 The last 3 to 4 leaves may not be fully expanded (collars not visible). 06-flag leaf visible GRO:0007129 Tip of the flag leaf (last leaf) is visible in the whorl. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Leaf collars of all leaves are now visible. Sorghum head is enclosed in the flag leaf sheath cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-6 GRO:0007130 Peduncle (stalk supporting the head) is beginning to elongate 07-boot stage GRO:0007130 Leaf collars of all leaves are now visible. Sorghum head is enclosed in the flag leaf sheath GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf 50% of the plants in the field have visible heads cereal_plant_growth_stage half-bloom sorghum growth stage-7 GRO:0007131 08-heading GRO:0007131 50% of the plants in the field have visible heads GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007132 10-dough stage GRO:0007132 Grain can be easily squeezed between the fingers cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-9 GRO:0007133 8 to 12 functional leaves present. One half of grain dry weight has accumulated. 10.01-soft dough GRO:0007133 Grain can be easily squeezed between the fingers GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf Cannot squeeze grain between the fingers. cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-10 GRO:0007134 Three-fourths of grain dry weight has accumulated 10.02-hard dough GRO:0007134 Cannot squeeze grain between the fingers. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf This stage is identified by the dark spot on the tip of the kernel. Grain will contain 25 to 35% moisture. cereal_plant_growth_stage black layer sorghum growth stage-11 GRO:0007135 Maximum total dry weight has been achieved 11-physiological maturity GRO:0007135 This stage is identified by the dark spot on the tip of the kernel. Grain will contain 25 to 35% moisture. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf The developmental stages of individual plant parts or organs in a rice plant. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007136 The rice plant organ developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/oryzabase/development/organAndStage.jsp rice plant part development stage GRO:0007136 The developmental stages of individual plant parts or organs in a rice plant. GR:pj Defines all the stages of embryo development from fertilization stage to maturity stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007137 The embryo developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=embryo&item=All embryo development GRO:0007137 Defines all the stages of embryo development from fertilization stage to maturity stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Defines all the stages of leaf development from recruitment of leaf primordial cells to fully developed leaf. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007138 The leaf developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=leaf&item=All leaf development GRO:0007138 Defines all the stages of leaf development from recruitment of leaf primordial cells to fully developed leaf. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo growth stages from germination to panicle initiation stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007139 The later stage (lag phase) may overlap with the reproductive stage A-vegetative stage GRO:0007139 growth stages from germination to panicle initiation stage. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development.asp#Vegetative Growth stages from panicle initiation to heading stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007140 B-reproductive stage GRO:0007140 Growth stages from panicle initiation to heading stage. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp Growth stages from fertilization, embryo formation to ripening and maturation stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage grain-filling stage ripening stage GRO:0007141 Light intensity is very important during this interval since 60 percent or more of the carbohydrates used in grain filling are photosynthesized during this time interval. High temperatures tend to reduce the grain filling period and may reduce grain weight. Low temperatures tend to lengthen the time required for grain fill and ripening. C-embryo stage GRO:0007141 Growth stages from fertilization, embryo formation to ripening and maturation stage. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp The period from development of the first to fourth leaf stage cereal_plant_growth_stage pre-tillering rice growth stage-2.1 GRO:0007142 During this time, the seminal roots further develop, the secondary or lateral roots develop and the first four leaves appear 1-4 leaf stage GRO:0007142 The period from development of the first to fourth leaf stage GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp Collar of 4th leaf is visible. cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage-2 GRO:0007143 Occurs approximately 15 days after emergence 03-four leaf stage GRO:0007143 Collar of 4th leaf is visible. GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf tillering increases in a sigmoidal-shaped curve until the maximum tiller number is reached. At this point, the main culm may be difficult to distinguish from the tiller. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-3.1 GRO:0007144 After maximum tillering has occurred, no more effective tillers are produced. A portion of the late tillers will generally die due to competition effects 3.1-maximum tillering GRO:0007144 tillering increases in a sigmoidal-shaped curve until the maximum tiller number is reached. At this point, the main culm may be difficult to distinguish from the tiller. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp Producing new tillers from nodes after harvest cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-3A GRO:0007145 Excluding germination and early seedling stages, it begins a fresh cycle producing new tillers from nodes post-harvest. It may or may not be considered as a growth stage by others. However, Gramene is proposing it to be included as one of the new growth stage. ratooning stage GRO:0007145 Producing new tillers from nodes after harvest GR:pj , JCL Is the period from the end of active tillering to the beginning of the reproductive stage. Tiller number decreases, height and stem diameter continue to increase but at a slower rate. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-4.3 GRO:0007146 The length of this period is a function of the maturation period of the cultivar. For very-short season cultivars with 110-day maturity, this period may not be evident. In this situation, maximum tillering stage and the beginning of reproductive growth may overlap. In a 150-day rice cultivar, the lag phase period may last more than two weeks. The vegetative lag phase in midseason varieties is characterized by yellowing plants vegetative lag phase GRO:0007146 Is the period from the end of active tillering to the beginning of the reproductive stage. Tiller number decreases, height and stem diameter continue to increase but at a slower rate. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Vegetative.asp Is the time when the panicle primordia initiate the production of a panicle in the uppermost node of the culm cereal_plant_growth_stage PI green ring stage rice growth stage-4.1 GRO:0007147 A thin green band is visible just above the top node, and represents the very beginning of internode elongation (stem elongation stage) and is evident for only a couple of days 4.1-panicle initiation stage GRO:0007147 Is the time when the panicle primordia initiate the production of a panicle in the uppermost node of the culm GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp This stage is characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the panicle as it grows up the leaf sheath. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-5 GRO:0007148 05-booting stage GRO:0007148 This stage is characterized by a swelling of the flag leaf sheath, caused by an increase in the size of the panicle as it grows up the leaf sheath. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp In this stage, meiosis occurs. Panicle continues to grow. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-5.1 GRO:0007149 5.1-early booting stage GRO:0007149 In this stage, meiosis occurs. Panicle continues to grow. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp In this stage the flag leaf has completely extended. It occurs about 6 days prior to heading. cereal_plant_growth_stage rice growth stage-5.2 GRO:0007150 5.2-late booting stage GRO:0007150 In this stage the flag leaf has completely extended. It occurs about 6 days prior to heading. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp Refers to the events between the opening and closing of floret cereal_plant_growth_stage anthesis anthesis stage rice growth stage-6.1 GRO:0007151 The events occurring in this stage are: (a). The tips of the lemma and palea (hulls) open. #(b) The filaments elongate.# (c). The anthers exsert from the lemma and palea. #(d). As the lemma and palea open further, the tips of the feathery stigma become visible. #(e). The filaments elongate past the tips of lemma and palea. #(f). The spikelet closes, leaving the anther outside. Anther dehiscence (pollen shed) usually occurs just prior to or at the time the lemma and palea open (step a). 6.1-flowering stage GRO:0007151 Refers to the events between the opening and closing of floret GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Reproductive.asp The starch in the grain begins to become firm but is still soft cereal_plant_growth_stage early dough grain early dough stage rice growth stage-8.1 GRO:0007152 8.1-dough stage GRO:0007152 The starch in the grain begins to become firm but is still soft GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp Occurs when 50% of the plants in the field are in some stage of bloom cereal_plant_growth_stage sorghum growth stage8 GRO:0007153 Flowering occurs over a 4 to 9 day period. 09-flowering GRO:0007153 Occurs when 50% of the plants in the field are in some stage of bloom GR:pj web:http //primera.tamu.edu/ir4/sor-stage.pdf The whole grain is firm during this stage and almost ready for harvest. The moisture content is still above 22 percent. cereal_plant_growth_stage late dough grain late dough stage rice growth stage-8.2 GRO:0007154 8.2-hard dough stage GRO:0007154 The whole grain is firm during this stage and almost ready for harvest. The moisture content is still above 22 percent. GR:pj web:http //www.uaex.edu/Other_Areas/publications/HTML/MP192/1_Rice_Growth_and_Development_Ripening.asp true GRO:0007155 The development and growth of cereals wheat, oat and barley has been translated into several numeric scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. These are based on the most commonly used scales defined by Feekes, Zadok and Haun. GRO:0007050 GRO:0007155 cereal_plant_growth_stage Triticeae plant growth stage barley growth stage oat growth stage wheat growth stage GRO:0007156 The curators have extracted the growth stage information based on the document available at http://weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm wheat, barley and oat growth stage GRO:0007156 The development and growth of cereals wheat, oat and barley has been translated into several numeric scales to quantify development for scientific and management purposes. These are based on the most commonly used scales defined by Feekes, Zadok and Haun. GR:pj web:http //weeds.montana.edu/crop/Growth_stages_book/p22_23.htm Defines all the stages of panicle or rice inflorescence development from switching over of the stem apical meristem into rachis meristem to mature panicle formation. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007157 The panicle developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=panicle&item=All panicle development GRO:0007157 Defines all the stages of panicle or rice inflorescence development from switching over of the stem apical meristem into rachis meristem to mature panicle formation. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Defines all the stages of spikelet development from formation of rudimentary glumes to floret development. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007158 The spikelet developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=spikelet&item=All spikelet development GRO:0007158 Defines all the stages of spikelet development from formation of rudimentary glumes to floret development. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Defines all the stages of stamen development from stamen primordia differentiation to end of microgametogenesis. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007159 The stamen developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=stamen&item=All stamen development GRO:0007159 Defines all the stages of stamen development from stamen primordia differentiation to end of microgametogenesis. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Defines all the stages of ovule development from carpel primordium formation to megagametogenesis. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007160 The ovule developmental stages were defined by the Oryzabase, in Japan. ref: http://earth.lab.nig.ac.jp:8080/IneDatabase/query?type=browse&data=ovule&item=All ovule development GRO:0007160 Defines all the stages of ovule development from carpel primordium formation to megagametogenesis. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Recruitment of leaf founder or primordial cells occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007161 Marked by down regulation of Osh1 gene (GR_protein_id=77897) and expression of OsPnh gene (GR_protein_id=90881). leaf stage P0 GRO:0007161 Recruitment of leaf founder or primordial cells occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Elongation of leaf blade occurs along with differentiation of epidermis specific bulliform cells, silica cells, cork cells and stomata. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007162 leaf stage P4 GRO:0007162 Elongation of leaf blade occurs along with differentiation of epidermis specific bulliform cells, silica cells, cork cells and stomata. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Foot-like shape, with overlapping of two leaf margins occurs along with differentiation of vascular bundle and establishment of leaf domains along the central-marginal axis. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007163 leaf stage P2 GRO:0007163 Foot-like shape, with overlapping of two leaf margins occurs along with differentiation of vascular bundle and establishment of leaf domains along the central-marginal axis. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Protrusion of leaf primordium and elongation of leaf margin around stem apical meristem (SAM) occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007164 leaf stage P1 GRO:0007164 Protrusion of leaf primordium and elongation of leaf margin around stem apical meristem (SAM) occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Elongation of leaf sheath, emergence of leaf blade from the sheath of preceding leaf and formation of lacunae occurs. The leaf blade, sheath, ligule and auricles are fully developed in the juvenile leaf. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007165 leaf stage P5 GRO:0007165 Elongation of leaf sheath, emergence of leaf blade from the sheath of preceding leaf and formation of lacunae occurs. The leaf blade, sheath, ligule and auricles are fully developed in the juvenile leaf. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Formation of ligule primordia and leaf blade and leaf sheath boundary occurs, along with differentiation of sclerenchymatous cells and initiation of epidermis. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007166 leaf stage P3 GRO:0007166 Formation of ligule primordia and leaf blade and leaf sheath boundary occurs, along with differentiation of sclerenchymatous cells and initiation of epidermis. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Completely mature adult leaf. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007167 leaf stage PX GRO:0007167 Completely mature adult leaf. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf The stage marked by the fertilization event. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007168 Occurs at zero days after pollination. Number of embryo cells at this stage are one (zygote). embryo stage EM1 GRO:0007168 The stage marked by the fertilization event. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Marked with onset of coleoptile, stem apical meristem (SAM) and radicle differentiation. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007169 Occurs at four days after pollination. embryo stage EM5 GRO:0007169 Marked with onset of coleoptile, stem apical meristem (SAM) and radicle differentiation. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Globular stage of the embryo. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007170 Occurs at tow days after pollination. embryo stage EM3 GRO:0007170 Globular stage of the embryo. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo First division of fertilized egg. Globular stage ca.25-cell stage marked with rapid cell division. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007171 Occurs at one day after pollination. embryo stage EM2 GRO:0007171 First division of fertilized egg. Globular stage ca.25-cell stage marked with rapid cell division. GR:pj Oryzabase:Leaf Protrusion of first leaf primordium and enlargement of scutellum occurs at this stage. Marks the onset of juvenile vegetative stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007172 Occurs at five-six days after pollination. Expression of Amy1A (GR_protein_id=77717) in scutellar epithelium appears. embryo stage EM6 GRO:0007172 Protrusion of first leaf primordium and enlargement of scutellum occurs at this stage. Marks the onset of juvenile vegetative stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo It's a globular stage with oblong-shaped embryo. Marked by onset of exponential increase in size and cell number. Formation of gradient of cell size along dorsoventral direction and marked regionalization in the developing embryo. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007173 Occurs at three days after pollination. embryo stage EM4 GRO:0007173 It's a globular stage with oblong-shaped embryo. Marked by onset of exponential increase in size and cell number. Formation of gradient of cell size along dorsoventral direction and marked regionalization in the developing embryo. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Identified by protrusion of 2nd and 3rd leaf primordia and epiblast. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007174 Occurs at seven-eight days after pollination. embryo stage EM7 GRO:0007174 Identified by protrusion of 2nd and 3rd leaf primordia and epiblast. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Enlargement of embryo parts and morphological completion. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007175 Occurs at nine-ten days after pollination. Expression of maturation-related genes such as OsEM (GR_protein_id=77791), Rab16A, VP1 (GR_protein_id=78075, 89294) observed. embryo stage EM8 GRO:0007175 Enlargement of embryo parts and morphological completion. GR:pj Oryzabase:Embryo Embryo maturation process begins. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007176 Occurs at eleven-twenty days after pollination. Expression of maturation-related genes such as OsEM (GR_protein_id=77791), Rab16A, VP1 (GR_protein_id=78075, 89294) observed. embryo stage EM9 GRO:0007176 Embryo maturation process begins. GR:pj GR_ref:6590 Oryzabase:Embryo Embryo gains dormancy and tolerance for desiccation. Embryonic shoot, radicle, scutellum, epiblast and bundle sheath are mature. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007177 Occurs at 21 and onwards of days after pollination. embryo stage EM10 GRO:0007177 Embryo gains dormancy and tolerance for desiccation. Embryonic shoot, radicle, scutellum, epiblast and bundle sheath are mature. GR:pj GR_ref:6590 Oryzabase:Embryo Starts with carpel primordium formation. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007178 Panicle length at this stage is less than 0.3 cm. ovule stage OV0 GRO:0007178 Starts with carpel primordium formation. GR:pj Oryzabase:Ovule Meiotic division of the megaspore mother cell results in a linear tetrad of megaspores. The inner integument elongation also occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007179 Panicle length at this stage is about 5-7 cm. ovule stage OV4 GRO:0007179 Meiotic division of the megaspore mother cell results in a linear tetrad of megaspores. The inner integument elongation also occurs. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Integument primordia are initiated on both sides of the ovule primordium. Megasporogenesis starts with the formation of archespore from one of the sub-epidermal cells in the nucellus. The archespore is distinguished by its large size. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007180 Panicle length at this stage is about 1-3 cm. ovule stage OV2 GRO:0007180 Integument primordia are initiated on both sides of the ovule primordium. Megasporogenesis starts with the formation of archespore from one of the sub-epidermal cells in the nucellus. The archespore is distinguished by its large size. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Ovule primordium formation and carpel elongation occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007181 Panicle length at this stage is about 0.3-1.0 cm. ovule stage OV1 GRO:0007181 Ovule primordium formation and carpel elongation occurs. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule The inner integument fully encloses the nucellus, except for the area where micropyle forms. The ovule acquires an anatropous shape by rotating 60 degrees from its original position. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007182 Panicle length at this stage is about 7-10 cm. ovule stage OV5 GRO:0007182 The inner integument fully encloses the nucellus, except for the area where micropyle forms. The ovule acquires an anatropous shape by rotating 60 degrees from its original position. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Integument primordia starts differentiation, firstly into outer integument and later into the outer integument. Funiculus develops on adaxial side of the ovary. The archespore expands and differentiates into the megaspore mother cell. The megaspore mother cell is polarized with its nucleus at the micropylar end. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007183 Panicle length at this stage is about 3-5 cm. ovule stage OV3 GRO:0007183 Integument primordia starts differentiation, firstly into outer integument and later into the outer integument. Funiculus develops on adaxial side of the ovary. The archespore expands and differentiates into the megaspore mother cell. The megaspore mother cell is polarized with its nucleus at the micropylar end. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Micropylar megaspore degenerates and the functional megaspore enlarges. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007184 Panicle length at this stage is about 10-12 cm. ovule stage OV6 GRO:0007184 Micropylar megaspore degenerates and the functional megaspore enlarges. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule The developing embryosac is at the two-nucleate megagametophyte stage. Degenerate megaspores are still visible. Marks the start of megagametogenesis. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007185 Panicle length at this stage is about 12-14 cm. ovule stage OV7 GRO:0007185 The developing embryosac is at the two-nucleate megagametophyte stage. Degenerate megaspores are still visible. Marks the start of megagametogenesis. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Embryosac matures. The events include, polarization of the egg cell and synergids, fusion of the polar nuclei and mitosis of the antipodal cells to yield as many as eight cells. A single layer of four to five nucellus cells borders the micropyle. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007186 Panicle length at this stage is about 18-25 cm. ovule stage OV10 GRO:0007186 Embryosac matures. The events include, polarization of the egg cell and synergids, fusion of the polar nuclei and mitosis of the antipodal cells to yield as many as eight cells. A single layer of four to five nucellus cells borders the micropyle. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Formation of eight nucleate megagametophyte, followed by migration of the nuclei and cellularization. The ovule rotates approximately 90 degrees from its original position. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007187 Panicle length at this stage is about 6-18 cm. ovule stage OV9 GRO:0007187 Formation of eight nucleate megagametophyte, followed by migration of the nuclei and cellularization. The ovule rotates approximately 90 degrees from its original position. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Large central vacuole develops between the two nuclei of megagametophyte, followed by mitosis of both the nuclei, resulting in the four nucleate stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007188 Panicle length at this stage is about 14-16 cm. ovule stage OV8 GRO:0007188 Large central vacuole develops between the two nuclei of megagametophyte, followed by mitosis of both the nuclei, resulting in the four nucleate stage. GR:pj GR_Ref:2512 Oryzabase:Ovule Starts with conversion of stem apical meristem into inflorescence (panicle) apical meristem or rachis meristem. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007189 panicle stage PA1 GRO:0007189 Starts with conversion of stem apical meristem into inflorescence (panicle) apical meristem or rachis meristem. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle Formation of lateral meristems from primary rachis meristem occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007190 Rachis is about 0.7 mm in length. panicle stage PA6 GRO:0007190 Formation of lateral meristems from primary rachis meristem occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle Beginning of the callus formation from a single protoplast or pollen cell cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007191 callus initiation GRO:0007191 Beginning of the callus formation from a single protoplast or pollen cell GR:pj multiplication of the callus in undifferentiated form cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007192 callus promotion GRO:0007192 multiplication of the callus in undifferentiated form GR:pj Differentiation of the callus tissue in the plantlet form. cereal_plant_growth_stage callus regeneration GRO:0007193 plantlet regeneration GRO:0007193 Differentiation of the callus tissue in the plantlet form. GR:pj Adsorption of water by colloidal materials of the seed, leading to seed swelling and increased metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination. cereal_plant_growth_stage maize growth stage-0.1 GRO:0007194 0.01-imbibition GRO:0007194 Adsorption of water by colloidal materials of the seed, leading to seed swelling and increased metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination. MaizeDB:64054 Formation of third and subsequent bracts and 7-15 primary branch primordia occurs. Rachis meristem aborts turning the panicle into a determinate inflorescence from its indeterminate type in early stages of development. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007195 Rachis is about 0.1 mm in length. panicle stage PA4 GRO:0007195 Formation of third and subsequent bracts and 7-15 primary branch primordia occurs. Rachis meristem aborts turning the panicle into a determinate inflorescence from its indeterminate type in early stages of development. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle Rachis meristem enlarges and first bract formation occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007196 panicle stage PA2 GRO:0007196 Rachis meristem enlarges and first bract formation occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007197 panicle stage PA8 GRO:0007197 Formation of spikelets and florets occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007198 Rachis is more than 1 mm in length. panicle stage PA7 GRO:0007198 Formation of spikelets and florets occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle Ontology of the growth stages in various cereal crops. GRO:0080001 cereal_plant_growth_stage cereal plant ontology GRO:0007199 cereal plant growth stage ontology GRO:0007199 Ontology of the growth stages in various cereal crops. GR:pj Elongation of primary branch primordia occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007200 Marked by down regulation of OsH1 gene in rachis meristem. Rachis is less than 0.5 mm in length. panicle stage PA5 GRO:0007200 Elongation of primary branch primordia occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle Rachis meristem enlarges and second bract formation occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007201 panicle stage PA3 GRO:0007201 Rachis meristem enlarges and second bract formation occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Panicle Formation of two rudimentary glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007202 spikelet stage SP1 GRO:0007202 Formation of two rudimentary glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Formation of lodicules occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007203 spikelet stage SP5 GRO:0007203 Formation of lodicules occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Formation of lemma in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007204 spikelet stage SP3 GRO:0007204 Formation of lemma in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Formation of two empty glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007205 spikelet stage SP2 GRO:0007205 Formation of two empty glumes in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Formation of stamen primordia in a whorl occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007206 spikelet stage SP6 GRO:0007206 Formation of stamen primordia in a whorl occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Formation of Palea in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007207 spikelet stage SP4 GRO:0007207 Formation of Palea in distichous phyllotaxy occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Starts with formation of carpel primordium and establishment of rudimentary and empty glumes, lemma, palea, stamen and pistil occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007208 spikelet stage SP7 GRO:0007208 Starts with formation of carpel primordium and establishment of rudimentary and empty glumes, lemma, palea, stamen and pistil occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Spikelet Stamen primordia differentiation occurs. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007209 At this stage floret is less than 1 mm in length. stamen stage ST0 GRO:0007209 Stamen primordia differentiation occurs. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Primary parietal cells periclinally divide into endothecium and secondary parietal cells. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007210 At this stage floret is less than 2 mm in length. stamen stage ST3 GRO:0007210 Primary parietal cells periclinally divide into endothecium and secondary parietal cells. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Archesporial cell differentiate at four corners of the anther hypodermal layer. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007211 At this stage floret is about 1 mm in length. stamen stage ST1 GRO:0007211 Archesporial cell differentiate at four corners of the anther hypodermal layer. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen This stage describes the microsporogenesis in rice plant. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007212 At this stage floret is about 2-5 mm in length. stamen stage ST5 GRO:0007212 This stage describes the microsporogenesis in rice plant. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Secondary parietal cells periclinally divide into middle layer and tapetum cells. Premeiotic DNA synthesis occurs and Pollen mother cell (PMC) enters into meiosis stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007213 At this stage floret is about 2 mm in length. stamen stage ST4 GRO:0007213 Secondary parietal cells periclinally divide into middle layer and tapetum cells. Premeiotic DNA synthesis occurs and Pollen mother cell (PMC) enters into meiosis stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Archesporial cells divide into primary sporogenous cells and primary parietal cells. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007214 At this stage floret is about 1.5 mm in length. stamen stage ST2 GRO:0007214 Archesporial cells divide into primary sporogenous cells and primary parietal cells. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Terms that are deleted from growth stage ontology are assigned this new parent term. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007215 obsolete cereal plant growth stage terms true GRO:0007215 Terms that are deleted from growth stage ontology are assigned this new parent term. GR:pj The physiologically mature seed that is ready to undergo the germination phase. The seed may or maynot be in the dormant state. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007216 1.1-dry seed GRO:0007216 The physiologically mature seed that is ready to undergo the germination phase. The seed may or maynot be in the dormant state. GR:pj Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I leptotene stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007217 stamen stage ST5-1 GRO:0007217 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I leptotene stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I zygotene stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007218 stamen stage ST5-2 GRO:0007218 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I zygotene stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I pachytene stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007219 At this stage floret is about 3-3.4 mm in length. stamen stage ST5-3 GRO:0007219 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I pachytene stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diplotene stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007220 At this stage floret is about 3.5 mm in length. stamen stage ST5-4 GRO:0007220 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diplotene stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diakinesis stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007221 At this stage floret is about 3.8 mm in length. stamen stage ST5-5 GRO:0007221 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I diakinesis stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I metaphase-I and anaphase-I stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007222 At this stage floret is about 4.2 mm in length. stamen stage ST5-6 GRO:0007222 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-I metaphase-I and anaphase-I stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-II stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007223 At this stage floret is about 4.5 mm in length. stamen stage ST5-7 GRO:0007223 Pollen mother cell meiosis enters Meiosis-II stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Tetrad formation occurs. Endothecium and middle layer cells degrade. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007224 At this stage floret is about 5 mm in length. stamen stage ST5-8 GRO:0007224 Tetrad formation occurs. Endothecium and middle layer cells degrade. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Describes the microgametogenesis stages in rice plant. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007225 stamen stage ST6 GRO:0007225 Describes the microgametogenesis stages in rice plant. GR:pj Uninucleate pollen formation. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007226 stamen stage ST6-1 GRO:0007226 Uninucleate pollen formation. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen is in binucleate stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007227 stamen stage ST6-3 GRO:0007227 Pollen is in binucleate stage. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen undergoes mitosis-I. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007228 stamen stage ST6-2 GRO:0007228 Pollen undergoes mitosis-I. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen undergoes mitosis-II. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007229 stamen stage ST6-4 GRO:0007229 Pollen undergoes mitosis-II. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Pollen undergoes maturation phase and so the anthers. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007230 At this stage floret is about 7 mm in length. stamen stage ST6-5 GRO:0007230 Pollen undergoes maturation phase and so the anthers. GR:pj Oryzabase:Stamen Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues. The process increases metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007231 1.2-imbibition stage GRO:0007231 Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues. The process increases metabolic activity in the initial stages of germination. GR:pj The process of absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues has just begun. Compared to the dry state seed, the metabolic activity may not show any significant increase at this stage. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007232 1.21-early imbibition stage GRO:0007232 The process of absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues has just begun. Compared to the dry state seed, the metabolic activity may not show any significant increase at this stage. GR:pj Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues is complete. The increase in metabolic activity is well established. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007233 1.22-late imbibition stage GRO:0007233 Absorption of water by the seed, leading to the swelling of endosperm, embryo and seedcoat tissues is complete. The increase in metabolic activity is well established. GR:pj The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile emerges before the radicle. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007234 1.3-radicle emergence stage GRO:0007234 The radicle and its enclosing sheath, the coleorhiza, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile emerges before the radicle. GR:pj The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule emerges through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the radicle emerges before the coleoptile. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007235 1.3-coleoptile emergence stage GRO:0007235 The coleoptile, enclosing the plumule emerges through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the radicle emerges before the coleoptile. GR:pj The radicle with coleorhiza and coleoptile, enclosing the plumule, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile and radicle emergence may occur together or preceed either depending on the rice variety. cereal_plant_growth_stage GRO:0007236 1.3-radicle and coleoptile emergence stage GRO:0007236 The radicle with coleorhiza and coleoptile, enclosing the plumule, breaks through the pericarp. In some rice varieties the coleoptile and radicle emergence may occur together or preceed either depending on the rice variety. GR:pj true GRO:0080001 DAG-Edit 1.419 rev 3 13:03:2007 14:52 cereal_plant_growth_stage 1.0 cwt6 $Revision: 1.6 $ This is the first version of the cereal plant growth stage ontology. This is created from the files temporal_gramene.ontology (ver 1.12) and temporal_gramene.definition (ver 1.13).