OBO-Edit 2.3.1 16:03:2015 21:20 idomal_namespace 1.2 1.2 Topito CHEBI CL EFO ENVO GO IDO MIRO OBI PATO snap span 1.2 1.2 Author: IR curation team Comments can be sent to This is an initial release version Version $Revision: 1.3.9$ louis[at]imbb.forth.gr temp version release candidate. topalis[at]imbb.forth.gr or definition antisymmetric property has_alternative_id has_broad_synonym database_cross_reference has_exact_synonym has_narrow_synonym has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace has_related_synonym shorthand treat-xrefs-as-equivalent true true true true idomal_namespace has_part has_part P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t. idomal_namespace has_participant Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time. has_participant P has_participant C if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t. PMID:15892874 D has_vector V = def for all d and all times t, if d instance_of D at t2, then there exists some v at t1 such that v instance_of V at t1 and d has_vector v at t2 and t1 earlier t2 relationship has_vector not inverse of vector_of. D has_vector V = def for all d and all times t, if d instance_of D at t2, then there exists some v at t1 such that v instance_of V at t1 and d has_vector v at t2 and t1 earlier t2 has_vector D has_vector V = def for all d and all times t, if d instance_of D at t2, then there exists some v at t1 such that v instance_of V at t1 and d has_vector v at t2 and t1 earlier t2 VSMO:Authors For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation. ). true idomal_namespace part_of part_of For continuants: C part_of C' if and only if: given any c that instantiates C at a time t, there is some c' such that c' instantiates C' at time t, and c *part_of* c' at t. For processes: P part_of P' if and only if: given any p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t, and p *part_of* p' at t. (Here *part_of* is the instance-level part-relation. ). PMID:15892874 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. Pantelis 2009-07-12T07:43:37Z IDOMAL:0002458 CARO:0000003 idomal_namespace CARO:0000003 anatomical structure CARO:0000003 Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 true CHEBI:13677 An amino-acid anion that has formula CH2NO2. MIRO:10000002 idomal_namespace CH2NO2 Carbamat InChI=1S/CH3NO2/c2-1(3)4/h2H2,(H,3,4)/p-1 InChIKey=KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Karbamat NC([O-])=O carbamate ion carbamic acid, ion(1-) CHEBI:13941 carbamate CHEBI:13941 An amino-acid anion that has formula CH2NO2. CHEBI:13941 true CHEBI:14911 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000157 idomal_namespace CHEBI:16130 DDT CHEBI:16130 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000292 idomal_namespace CHEBI:17514 cyanide CHEBI:17514 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. 2009-06-11T03:58:55Z MIRO:10000171 Glycosaminoglycan GAG mucopolysaccharides idomal_namespace glicosaminoglicano glycosaminoglycane glycosaminoglycans glykosaminoglykan CHEBI:18085 glycosaminoglycan CHEBI:18085 Any polysaccharide containing a substantial proportion of aminomonosaccharide residues. CHEBI:18085 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000298 idomal_namespace CHEBI:18172 fluoroacetate CHEBI:18172 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000170 idomal_namespace CHEBI:18723 nicotine CHEBI:18723 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000102 idomal_namespace CHEBI:23457 cyclodiene organochlorine CHEBI:23457 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000181 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:24942 juvenile hormone mimic CHEBI:24942 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex III electron transport chain. MIRO:10000267 IRAC:eClassification inhibition of coupling site II idomal_namespace CHEBI:25355 mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitor CHEBI:25355 A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex III electron transport chain. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000003 idomal_namespace CHEBI:2555 aldicarb CHEBI:2555 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000031 idomal_namespace CHEBI:25708 organophosphate CHEBI:25708 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000269 idomal_namespace CHEBI:2630 hydramethylnon CHEBI:2630 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000112 idomal_namespace CHEBI:26413 pyrethroid CHEBI:26413 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000005 idomal_namespace CHEBI:2653 aminocarb CHEBI:2653 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000266 idomal_namespace CHEBI:2665 amitraz CHEBI:2665 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A 4-aminoquinoline schizontocidal drug. louis 2008-05-15T07:46:25Z IDOMAL:0000225 Basoquin Cam-aqi Camoquin Camoquinal Flavoquin Fluroquin Miaquine idomal_namespace CHEBI:2674 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. amodiaquine CHEBI:2674 A 4-aminoquinoline schizontocidal drug. KL:KL A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000156 pyrethrum idomal_namespace CHEBI:27815 pyrethrin CHEBI:27815 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000074 idomal_namespace CHEBI:27928 parathion CHEBI:27928 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000281 idomal_namespace CHEBI:28201 rotenone CHEBI:28201 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A highly sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan comprising complex patterns of uronic acid-(1->4)-D-glucosamine repeating subunits. Used as an injectable anticoagulant, it has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. 2009-05-15T12:55:54Z IDOMAL:0001167 Heparin idomal_namespace (C26H40N2O36S5)n Bemiparin Certoparin Cy 222 Enoxaparin Fluxum Heparinic acid Parnaparin Reviparin Sandoparin heparina heparine heparinum CHEBI:28304 heparin CHEBI:28304 A highly sulfated linear glycosaminoglycan comprising complex patterns of uronic acid-(1->4)-D-glucosamine repeating subunits. Used as an injectable anticoagulant, it has the highest negative charge density of any known biological molecule. CHEBI:28304 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000035 idomal_namespace CHEBI:2953 azinphos-methyl CHEBI:2953 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000229 idomal_namespace CHEBI:2959 azocyclotin CHEBI:2959 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000007 idomal_namespace CHEBI:3014 benfuracarb CHEBI:3014 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000256 idomal_namespace CHEBI:30260 cyromazine CHEBI:30260 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000117 idomal_namespace CHEBI:3093 bifenthrin CHEBI:3093 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000254 idomal_namespace CHEBI:3218 buprofezin CHEBI:3218 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000154 idomal_namespace CHEBI:32253 transfluthrin CHEBI:32253 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A benzodioxole that has formula C19H30O5. IDOMAL:0000873 5-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxymethyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole 5-{[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl}-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole PBO idomal_namespace (3,4-methylenedioxy-6-propylbenzyl) (butyl) diethylene glycol ether (butylcarbityl)(6-propylpiperonyl)ether 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl 6-propylpiperonyl ether 5-propyl-4-(2,5,8-trioxa-dodecyl)-1,3-benzodioxole 6-propylpiperonyl butyl diethylene glycol ether C19H30O5 CCCCOCCOCCOCc1cc2OCOc2cc1CCC InChI=1S/C19H30O5/c1-3-5-7-20-8-9-21-10-11-22-14-17-13-19-18(23-15-24-19)12-16(17)6-4-2/h12-13H,3-11,14-15H2,1-2H3 InChIKey=FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-(2-(2-n-butoxyethoxy)-ethoxy)-4,5-methylenedioxy-2-propyltoluene alpha-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-4,5-(methylenedioxy)-2-propyltoluene butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether CHEBI:32687 piperonyl butoxide CHEBI:32687 A benzodioxole that has formula C19H30O5. CHEBI:32687 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000105 MIRO:10000107 gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane idomal_namespace CHEBI:32888 lindane CHEBI:32888 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000285 idomal_namespace CHEBI:33755 tetronic acid derivative CHEBI:33755 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000010 idomal_namespace CHEBI:3390 carbaryl CHEBI:3390 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000014 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34304 fenobucarb CHEBI:34304 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000173 idomal_namespace CHEBI:3436 cartap CHEBI:3436 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000032 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34520 acephate CHEBI:34520 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000006 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34556 bendiocarb CHEBI:34556 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000114 MIRO:10000118 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34572 bioallethrin CHEBI:34572 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000011 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34611 carbofuran CHEBI:34611 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000312 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34620 chinomethionat CHEBI:34620 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000103 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34623 chlordane CHEBI:34623 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000040 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34631 chlorpyrifos CHEBI:34631 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000041 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34632 chlorpyrifos-methyl CHEBI:34632 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000045 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34682 diazinon CHEBI:34682 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000046 idomal_namespace DDVP CHEBI:34690 dichlorvos CHEBI:34690 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000314 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34692 dicofol CHEBI:34692 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000160 IUPAC:(1R,4S,4aS,5R,6R,7S,8S,8aR)-1,2,3,4,10,10-hexachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-6,7-epoxy-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene idomal_namespace CHEBI:34696 dieldrin CHEBI:34696 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000243 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34703 diflubenzuron CHEBI:34703 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000048 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34714 dimethoate CHEBI:34714 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000051 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34733 EPN CHEBI:34733 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000056 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34757 fenitrothion CHEBI:34757 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000057 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34760 fensulfothion CHEBI:34760 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000058 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34761 fenthion CHEBI:34761 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000139 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34763 flucythrinate CHEBI:34763 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000106 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34785 heptachlor CHEBI:34785 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000064 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34801 isoxathion CHEBI:34801 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000068 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34837 methidathion CHEBI:34837 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000144 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34911 permethrin CHEBI:34911 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000076 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34917 phenthoate CHEBI:34917 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000023 idomal_namespace CHEBI:34938 propoxur CHEBI:34938 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000095 idomal_namespace CHEBI:35005 tetrachlorvinphos CHEBI:35005 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT An aryl phosphate that has formula C18H15O4P. IDOMAL:0000886 Tryphenyl phosphate idomal_namespace C18H15O4P InChI=1S/C18H15O4P/c19-23(20-16-10-4-1-5-11-16,21-17-12-6-2-7-13-17)22-18-14-8-3-9-15-18/h1-15H InChIKey=XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=P(Oc1ccccc1)(Oc1ccccc1)Oc1ccccc1 Phosphoric aced, triphenyl ester TPP Triphenoxyphosphine oxide Triphenylphosphate CHEBI:35033 triphenyl phosphate CHEBI:35033 An aryl phosphate that has formula C18H15O4P. CHEBI:35033 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000028 idomal_namespace CHEBI:35048 xylylcarb CHEBI:35048 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT Compounds having the structure R2S=O (R =/= H). IDOMAL:0000895 sulfoxides idomal_namespace CHEBI:35813 sulfoxide CHEBI:35813 Compounds having the structure R2S=O (R =/= H). CHEBI:35813 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000294 idomal_namespace CHEBI:35883 phosphine CHEBI:35883 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true CHEBI:36080 A 4-aminoquinoline schizontocidal drug. louis 2008-05-15T07:46:25Z IDOMAL:0000224 Aralen Avloclor Bemaphate Chinamine Chlorquim Cidanchin Delagil Gontochin Imagon Iroquin Klorokin Luprochin Malarex Matalets Nivaquin Nivaquin B Resochin Resochine Resoquine Sanoquin Tanakan Tresochin Trochin idomal_namespace CHEBI:3638 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. chloroquine CHEBI:3638 A 4-aminoquinoline schizontocidal drug. KL:KL Any of a class of 10--60 kDa glycosaminoglycan sulfates, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:55:54Z IDOMAL:0001170 Chondroitin sulfate idomal_namespace Chondroitinsulfat chondroitin polysulfate chondroitin sulfates chondroitin sulfuric acid CHEBI:37397 chondroitin sulphate CHEBI:37397 Any of a class of 10--60 kDa glycosaminoglycan sulfates, widely distributed in cartilage and other mammalian connective tissues. CHEBI:37397 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000261 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38449 methoxyfenozide CHEBI:38449 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000259 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38450 chromafenozide CHEBI:38450 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000260 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38451 halofenozide CHEBI:38451 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000262 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38452 tebufenozide CHEBI:38452 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000257 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38456 moulting disruptor via ecdysone agonist CHEBI:38456 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which inhibits acetylcholine esterase. MIRO:10000000 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:38462 acetylcholine esterase inhibitor CHEBI:38462 A chemical substance which inhibits acetylcholine esterase. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000004 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38463 alanycarb CHEBI:38463 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000008 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38465 butocarboxim CHEBI:38465 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000009 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38470 butoxycarboxim CHEBI:38470 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000264 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38473 azadirachtin CHEBI:38473 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000012 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38476 carbosulfan CHEBI:38476 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000013 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38483 ethiofencarb CHEBI:38483 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000015 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38491 formetanate CHEBI:38491 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000241 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38494 benzoylurea CHEBI:38494 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000290 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38495 aluminium phosphide CHEBI:38495 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex IV electron transport chain. MIRO:10000288 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:38500 mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitor CHEBI:38500 A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex IV electron transport chain. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000016 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38504 furathiocarb CHEBI:38504 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000017 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38505 isoprocarb CHEBI:38505 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000018 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38508 methiocarb CHEBI:38508 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000020 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38537 metolcarb CHEBI:38537 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000021 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38539 oxamyl CHEBI:38539 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000024 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38548 thiodicarb CHEBI:38548 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000025 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38549 thiofanox CHEBI:38549 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT elvira 2012-12-07T12:02:15Z idomal_namespace CYP P450 protein cytochrome P-450 CHEBI:38559 cytochrome P450 CHEBI:38559 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000026 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38569 trimethacarb CHEBI:38569 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000027 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38571 XMC CHEBI:38571 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000029 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38576 triazamate CHEBI:38576 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000033 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38578 azamethiphos CHEBI:38578 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000034 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38587 azinphos-ethyl CHEBI:38587 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000036 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38588 cadusafos CHEBI:38588 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000037 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38590 chlorethoxyfos CHEBI:38590 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000273 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38591 fluacrypyrim CHEBI:38591 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000271 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38592 acequinocyl CHEBI:38592 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000275 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38593 fenazaquin CHEBI:38593 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000038 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38598 chlorfenvinphos CHEBI:38598 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000039 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38603 chlormephos CHEBI:38603 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000277 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38604 pyrimidifen CHEBI:38604 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000043 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38621 cyanophos CHEBI:38621 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000044 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38624 demeton-S-methyl CHEBI:38624 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000278 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38626 pyridaben CHEBI:38626 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000280 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38628 tolfenpyrad CHEBI:38628 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000283 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38630 indoxacarb CHEBI:38630 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels. MIRO:10000282 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:38634 voltage-dependent sodium channel blocker CHEBI:38634 A chemical substance which blocks voltage-dependent sodium channels. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000286 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38639 spirodiclofen CHEBI:38639 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000287 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38640 spiromesifen CHEBI:38640 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000047 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38658 dicrotophos CHEBI:38658 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000049 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38659 dimethylvinphos CHEBI:38659 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of 2-(4-methoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylic acid with 2-propanol. MIRO:10000296 propan-2-yl 2-(4-methoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylate idomal_namespace 2-(4-methoxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylic acid 1-methylethyl ester C17H20N2O3 COc1ccc(cc1NNC(=O)OC(C)C)-c1ccccc1 InChI=1S/C17H20N2O3/c1-12(2)22-17(20)19-18-15-11-14(9-10-16(15)21-3)13-7-5-4-6-8-13/h4-12,18H,1-3H3,(H,19,20) InChIKey=VHLKTXFWDRXILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl 2-(4-methoxybiphenyl-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylate CHEBI:38660 bifenazate CHEBI:38660 A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation of 2-(4-methoxy[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)hydrazinecarboxylic acid with 2-propanol. CHEBI:38660 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000050 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38661 disulfoton CHEBI:38661 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000052 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38663 ethion CHEBI:38663 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000053 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38665 ethoprophos CHEBI:38665 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000054 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38677 famphur CHEBI:38677 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000055 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38680 fenamiphos CHEBI:38680 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000059 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38689 fonofos CHEBI:38689 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000060 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38692 fosthiazate CHEBI:38692 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000061 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38693 heptenophos CHEBI:38693 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000063 idomal_namespace isocarbophos CHEBI:38704 isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl)salicylate CHEBI:38704 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000066 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38718 mecarbam CHEBI:38718 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000067 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38721 methamidophos CHEBI:38721 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000069 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38725 mevinphos CHEBI:38725 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000070 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38728 monocrotophos CHEBI:38728 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000071 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38729 naled CHEBI:38729 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000072 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38730 omethoate CHEBI:38730 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000073 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38735 oxydemeton-methyl CHEBI:38735 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000075 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38746 parathion-methyl CHEBI:38746 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000077 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38764 phorate CHEBI:38764 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000079 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38786 phosmet CHEBI:38786 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000307 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38798 flubendiamide CHEBI:38798 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which modulates ryanodine receptor. MIRO:10000306 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:38809 ryanodine receptor modulator CHEBI:38809 A chemical substance which modulates ryanodine receptor. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000081 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38812 phoxim CHEBI:38812 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000310 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38813 benzoximate CHEBI:38813 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000080 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38832 phosphamidon CHEBI:38832 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000082 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38843 pirimiphos-methyl CHEBI:38843 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000083 bromofos idomal_namespace CHEBI:38845 profenofos CHEBI:38845 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000084 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38858 propaphos CHEBI:38858 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000085 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38864 propetamphos CHEBI:38864 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid. MIRO:10000086 O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl phosphorodithionate idomal_namespace C11H15Cl2O2PS2 CCCSP(=S)(OCC)Oc1ccc(Cl)cc1Cl Dichlorpropaphos InChI=1S/C11H15Cl2O2PS2/c1-3-7-18-16(17,14-4-2)15-11-6-5-9(12)8-10(11)13/h5-6,8H,3-4,7H2,1-2H3 InChIKey=FITIWKDOCAUBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-(2,4-dichlorophenyl) O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphate Prothiophos CHEBI:38873 prothiofos CHEBI:38873 An organic thiophosphate that is the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ester of O-ethyl S-propyl dithiophosphoric acid. CHEBI:38873 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000087 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38876 pyraclofos CHEBI:38876 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000088 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38881 pyridaphenthion CHEBI:38881 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000316 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38887 pyridalyl CHEBI:38887 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000090 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38945 sulfotep CHEBI:38945 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000091 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38949 sulprofos CHEBI:38949 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000092 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38951 tebupirimfos CHEBI:38951 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000093 idomal_namespace OMS-786 CHEBI:38954 temephos CHEBI:38954 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000094 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38960 terbufos CHEBI:38960 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000096 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38962 thiometon CHEBI:38962 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000097 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38963 triazophos CHEBI:38963 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000099 idomal_namespace CHEBI:38990 vamidothion CHEBI:38990 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which acts as GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist. MIRO:10000100 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:38999 GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist CHEBI:38999 A chemical substance which acts as GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which modulates sodium channels. MIRO:10000111 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:39000 sodium channel modulator CHEBI:39000 A chemical substance which modulates sodium channels. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000042 idomal_namespace CHEBI:3903 coumaphos CHEBI:3903 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000113 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39091 acrinathrin CHEBI:39091 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000119 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39115 bioallethrin S-cyclopentenyl CHEBI:39115 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000116 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39118 d-trans allethrin CHEBI:39118 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000115 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39137 d-cis-trans allethrin CHEBI:39137 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000162 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39163 acetamiprid CHEBI:39163 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000166 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39171 nitenpyram CHEBI:39171 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000167 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39175 thiacloprid CHEBI:39175 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000163 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39178 clothianidin CHEBI:39178 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000161 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39182 neonicotinoid CHEBI:39182 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000164 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39183 dinotefuran CHEBI:39183 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000168 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39185 thiamethoxam CHEBI:39185 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000172 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39188 bensultap CHEBI:39188 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000175 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39211 spinosad CHEBI:39211 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000177 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39213 avermectin and milbemycin CHEBI:39213 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000178 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39214 abamectin CHEBI:39214 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000180 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39225 milbemectin CHEBI:39225 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000179 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39233 emamectin benzoate CHEBI:39233 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000184 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39234 hydroprene CHEBI:39234 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000185 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39243 kinoprene CHEBI:39243 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000186 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39255 methoprene CHEBI:39255 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000190 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39260 pyriproxyfen CHEBI:39260 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000193 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39275 methyl bromide CHEBI:39275 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which acts as a fumigant. MIRO:10000191 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:39276 fumigant CHEBI:39276 A chemical substance which acts as a fumigant. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000120 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39280 bioresmethrin CHEBI:39280 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000121 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39283 cycloprothrin CHEBI:39283 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000196 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39285 chloropicrin CHEBI:39285 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000198 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39287 sulfuryl fluoride CHEBI:39287 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000228 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39292 organotin miticide CHEBI:39292 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000231 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39294 fenbutatin oxide CHEBI:39294 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000226 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39299 diafenthiuron CHEBI:39299 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000233 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39300 propargite CHEBI:39300 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000123 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39314 beta-cyfluthrin CHEBI:39314 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000208 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39315 clofentezine CHEBI:39315 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000126 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39323 gamma-cyhalothrin CHEBI:39323 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000125 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39325 lambda-cyhalothrin CHEBI:39325 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000210 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39326 hexythiazox CHEBI:39326 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000212 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39329 etoxazole CHEBI:39329 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000234 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39330 tetradifon CHEBI:39330 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000128 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39331 alpha-cypermethrin CHEBI:39331 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000129 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39332 beta-cypermethrin CHEBI:39332 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000130 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39333 theta-cypermethrin CHEBI:39333 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000131 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39334 zeta-cypermethrin CHEBI:39334 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000132 MIRO:10000145 sumithrin idomal_namespace CHEBI:39341 phenothrin [(1R)-trans- isomer] CHEBI:39341 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000135 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39346 esfenvalerate CHEBI:39346 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000237 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39347 chlorfenapyr CHEBI:39347 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000136 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39348 etofenprox CHEBI:39348 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000238 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol idomal_namespace CHEBI:39349 DNOC CHEBI:39349 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000137 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39353 fenpropathrin CHEBI:39353 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000140 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39361 flumethrin CHEBI:39361 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000141 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39367 tau-fluvalinate CHEBI:39367 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000142 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39368 halfenprox CHEBI:39368 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000242 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39370 chlorfluazuron CHEBI:39370 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000244 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39374 fluazuron CHEBI:39374 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000245 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39375 flucycloxuron CHEBI:39375 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000246 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39382 flufenoxuron CHEBI:39382 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000247 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39383 hexaflumuron CHEBI:39383 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000248 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39384 lufenuron CHEBI:39384 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000249 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39385 novaluron CHEBI:39385 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000250 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39386 noviflumuron CHEBI:39386 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000251 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39387 teflubenzuron CHEBI:39387 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000252 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39388 triflumuron CHEBI:39388 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000143 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39389 imiprothrin CHEBI:39389 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000146 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39391 prallethrin CHEBI:39391 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000148 idomal_namespace kadethrin CHEBI:39392 rU 15525 CHEBI:39392 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000149 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39393 silafluofen CHEBI:39393 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000151 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39397 tetramethrin CHEBI:39397 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000152 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39399 tetramethrin [(1R)- isomers] CHEBI:39399 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000153 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39400 tralomethrin CHEBI:39400 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000155 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39402 ZXI 8901 CHEBI:39402 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000134 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39404 empenthrin [(EZ)- (1R)- isomers] CHEBI:39404 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000235 idomal_namespace CHEBI:39411 chloropropylate CHEBI:39411 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000122 idomal_namespace CHEBI:4034 cyfluthrin CHEBI:4034 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000124 idomal_namespace CHEBI:4035 cyhalothrin CHEBI:4035 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000230 idomal_namespace CHEBI:4036 cyhexatin CHEBI:4036 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000127 idomal_namespace CHEBI:4042 cypermethrin CHEBI:4042 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000133 idomal_namespace CHEBI:4388 deltamethrin CHEBI:4388 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000104 idomal_namespace CHEBI:4791 endosulfan CHEBI:4791 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000188 idomal_namespace CHEBI:5009 fenoxycarb CHEBI:5009 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000276 idomal_namespace CHEBI:5011 fenpyroximate CHEBI:5011 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000138 idomal_namespace CHEBI:5014 fenvalerate CHEBI:5014 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000110 idomal_namespace CHEBI:5063 fipronil CHEBI:5063 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000165 idomal_namespace CHEBI:5870 imidacloprid CHEBI:5870 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000062 idomal_namespace CHEBI:6009 isofenphos CHEBI:6009 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the function of aconitase. MIRO:10000297 IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace CHEBI:62608 aconitase inhibitor CHEBI:62608 An enzyme inhibitor that interferes with the function of aconitase. CHEBI:62608 IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000065 idomal_namespace CHEBI:6651 malathion CHEBI:6651 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000019 idomal_namespace CHEBI:6835 methomyl CHEBI:6835 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000158 idomal_namespace CHEBI:6842 methoxychlor CHEBI:6842 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000098 idomal_namespace CHEBI:6908 trichlorfon CHEBI:6908 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:22:51Z IDOMAL:0000673 idomal_namespace CHEBI:71692 repellent CHEBI:71692 An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects. CHEBI:71692 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000078 idomal_namespace CHEBI:8121 phosalone CHEBI:8121 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000022 idomal_namespace CHEBI:8248 pirimicarb CHEBI:8248 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000089 idomal_namespace CHEBI:8712 quinalphos CHEBI:8712 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000147 idomal_namespace CHEBI:8811 resmethrin CHEBI:8811 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000279 idomal_namespace CHEBI:9422 tebufenpyrad CHEBI:9422 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. MIRO:10000150 idomal_namespace CHEBI:9430 tefluthrin CHEBI:9430 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. guest 2009-11-25T04:23:56Z IDOMAL:0000713 idomal_namespace CL:0000000 cell CL:0000000 Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah A cell found predominately in the blood. guest 2009-11-25T05:53:16Z IDOMAL:0000714 idomal_namespace CL:0000081 blood cell CL:0000081 A cell found predominately in the blood. CL:00000081 A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. guest 2009-11-25T06:08:50Z IDOMAL:0000722 idomal_namespace CL:0000084 T cell CL:0000084 A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T cell receptor complex. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. guest 2009-12-07T06:05:36Z IDOMAL:0000752 idomal_namespace CL:0000094 granulocyte CL:0000094 A leukocyte with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. CL:0000094 The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. 2010-04-09T11:56:24Z IDOMAL:0000638 idomal_namespace CL:0000182 hepatocyte CL:0000182 The main structural component of the liver. They are specialized epithelial cells that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. Majority of cell population of liver, polygonal in shape, arranged in plates or trabeculae between sinusoids; may have single nucleus or binucleated. CL:0000182 A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. guest 2009-11-25T05:53:23Z IDOMAL:0000716 RBC red blood cell idomal_namespace CL:0000232 erythrocyte CL:0000232 A red blood cell. In mammals, mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing hemoglobin whose function is to transport oxygen. MESH:A.11.118.290 Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. guest 2009-11-26T09:02:34Z IDOMAL:0000781 idomal_namespace CL:0000234 phagocyte CL:0000234 Any cell capable of ingesting particulate matter via phagocytosis. CL:0000234 A lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and surface immunoglobulin-positive. guest 2009-11-24T10:12:50Z IDOMAL:0000633 B lymphocyte B-cell B-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000236 B cell CL:0000236 A lymphocyte of B lineage with the phenotype CD19-positive and surface immunoglobulin-positive. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. guest 2009-11-22T06:55:35Z IDOMAL:0000377 idomal_namespace interdigitating cell veiled cell CL:0000451 dendritic cell CL:0000451 A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that cooperates with other lymphocytes via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions. guest 2009-11-25T08:34:27Z IDOMAL:0000728 CD4-positive T-helper cell CD4-positive helper T lymphocyte CD4-positive helper T-cell CD4-positive helper T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000492 CD4-positive helper T cell CL:0000492 A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that cooperates with other lymphocytes via direct contact or cytokine release to initiate a variety of immune functions. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 MESH:A.11.118.637.555.567.569.200.400. XX:PAM-ADD A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage. guest 2009-11-25T06:01:44Z IDOMAL:0000718 idomal_namespace CL:0000542 lymphocyte CL:0000542 A cell of the B cell, T cell, or natural killer cell lineage. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma. guest 2009-11-22T07:13:15Z IDOMAL:0000384 Th1 T lymphocyte Th1 T-cell Th1 T-lymphocyte Th1 cell helper T cell type 1 idomal_namespace CL:0000545 T-helper 1 cell CL:0000545 A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype T-bet-positive and produces interferon-gamma. XX:PAM-ADD A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. guest 2009-11-22T07:17:28Z IDOMAL:0000385 Th2 T cell Th2 T lymphocyte Th2 T-cell Th2 T-lymphocyte Th2 cell helper T cell type 2 idomal_namespace CL:0000546 T-helper 2 cell CL:0000546 A CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell that has the phenotype GATA-3-positive and produces interleukin-4. XX:PAM-ADD A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germ line encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. guest 2009-11-22T06:54:30Z IDOMAL:0000374 large granular lymphocyte null cell NK cell idomal_namespace CL:0000623 natural killer cell CL:0000623 A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germ line encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 PIMD:15771571 A mature alpha-beta T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor. guest 2009-12-03T09:46:14Z IDOMAL:0000826 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000624 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL:0000624 A mature alpha-beta T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD4 coreceptor. CL:0000624 A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor. guest 2009-12-03T09:46:14Z IDOMAL:0000827 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000625 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL:0000625 A T cell expressing an alpha-beta T cell receptor and the CD8 coreceptor. CL:0000625 A nucleated cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue. guest 2009-11-25T05:53:16Z IDOMAL:0000715 immune cell leucocyte white blood cell idomal_namespace CL:0000738 leukocyte CL:0000738 A nucleated cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages, found in blood or other tissue. GOC:add A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. guest 2009-11-25T06:01:44Z IDOMAL:0000719 idomal_namespace CL:0000766 myeloid leukocyte CL:0000766 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. CL:0000766 Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. guest 2009-11-28T11:18:49Z IDOMAL:0000787 neutrocyte neutrophil leucocyte neutrophil leukocyte neutrophilic leucocyte neutrophilic leukocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000775 neutrophil CL:0000775 Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte that in its mature form has a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes. CL:0000775 A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage. guest 2009-12-07T07:04:56Z IDOMAL:0000775 DC1 mDC myeloid DC idomal_namespace CL:0000782 myeloid dendritic cell CL:0000782 A dendritic cell of the myeloid lineage. CL:0000782 A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection. guest 2009-12-07T07:09:31Z IDOMAL:0000796 DC2 T-associated plasma cell lymphoid dendritic cell pDC plasmacytoid DC plasmacytoid monocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000784 plasmacytoid dendritic cell CL:0000784 A dendritic cell type of distinct morphology, localization, and surface marker expression from other dendritic cell types and associated with early stage immune responses, particularly the release of physiologically abundant amounts of type I interferons in response to infection. CL:0000784 A T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. guest 2009-12-03T09:38:05Z IDOMAL:0000815 alpha-beta T lymphocyte alpha-beta T-cell alpha-beta T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000789 alpha-beta T cell CL:0000789 A T cell that expresses an alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. CL:0000789 A alpha-beta T cell that has a mature phenotype. guest 2009-12-03T09:42:56Z IDOMAL:0000825 mature alpha-beta T lymphocyte mature alpha-beta T-cell mature alpha-beta T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000791 mature alpha-beta T cell CL:0000791 A alpha-beta T cell that has a mature phenotype. CL:0000791 A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme B-positive. guest 2009-11-23T06:35:21Z IDOMAL:0000615 cytotoxic T cell cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxic T-cell cytotoxic T-lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000794 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell CL:0000794 A CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell that is capable of killing target cells in an antigen specific manner with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme B-positive. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 XX:PAM-ADD A T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. guest 2009-11-25T02:35:45Z IDOMAL:0000712 gamma-delta T lymphocyte gamma-delta T-cell gamma-delta T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000798 gamma-delta T cell CL:0000798 A T cell that expresses a gamma-delta T cell receptor complex. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. guest 2009-11-23T09:58:25Z IDOMAL:0000468 suppressor T cell suppressor T lymphocyte suppressor T-cell suppressor T-lymphocyte regulatory T lymphocyte regulatory T-cell regulatory T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000815 regulatory T cell CL:0000815 A T cell which regulates overall immune responses as well as the responses of other T cell subsets through direct cell-cell contact and cytokine release. GOC:add CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. guest 2009-12-03T10:04:53Z IDOMAL:0000744 Th17 T cell Th17 T lymphocyte Th17 T-cell Th17 T-lymphocyte Th17 cell helper T cell type 17 idomal_namespace CL:0000899 T-helper 17 cell CL:0000899 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell with the phenotype RORgamma-t-positive that produces IL-17. CL:0000899 A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive. guest 2009-11-25T08:12:01Z IDOMAL:0000726 cytotoxic T lymphocyte cytotoxic T-cell cytotoxic T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000910 cytotoxic T cell CL:0000910 A mature T cell that differentiated and acquired cytotoxic function with the phenotype perforin-positive and granzyme-B positive. XX:PAM-ADD A differentiated T cell with the ability to traffic to peripheral tissues that has acquired helper or cytotoxic functions. guest 2009-11-25T08:00:31Z IDOMAL:0000723 effector T lymphocyte effector T-cell idomal_namespace effector T-lymphocyte CL:0000911 effector T cell CL:0000911 A differentiated T cell with the ability to traffic to peripheral tissues that has acquired helper or cytotoxic functions. XX:PAM-ADD A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells. guest 2009-11-25T08:12:01Z IDOMAL:0000727 T-helper cell helper T lymphocyte helper T-cell helper T-lymphocyte idomal_namespace CL:0000912 helper T cell CL:0000912 A effector T cell that provides help in the form of secreted cytokines to other immune cells. XX:PAM-ADD A lymphocyte of B lineage is a lymphocyte that expresses CD19 (P15391/CD19_HUMAN;PIRSF016630) on the cell surface. An additional defining characteristic is the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. guest 2009-11-25T06:08:50Z IDOMAL:0000720 idomal_namespace CL:0000945 lymphocyte of B cell lineage CL:0000945 A lymphocyte of B lineage is a lymphocyte that expresses CD19 (P15391/CD19_HUMAN;PIRSF016630) on the cell surface. An additional defining characteristic is the commitment to express an immunoglobulin complex. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 XX:RHS A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. guest 2009-11-25T05:49:15Z IDOMAL:0000379 haematopoietic cell haemopoietic cell hemopoietic cell idomal_namespace CL:0000988 hematopoietic cell CL:0000988 A cell of a hematopoietic lineage. GOC:add Conventional dendritic cell is a leukocyte that has a high plasma membrane amount of CD11c and lacks plasma membrane part CD19, CD3, CD34, and CD56. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:41:26Z IDOMAL:0000062 conventional DC idomal_namespace CL:0000990 conventional dendritic cell CL:0000990 Conventional dendritic cell is a leukocyte that has a high plasma membrane amount of CD11c and lacks plasma membrane part CD19, CD3, CD34, and CD56. CL:0000990 A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Topito 2014-04-10T21:29:44Z idomal_namespace EFO:0004426 karyotype EFO:0004426 A karyotype is the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. EFO:0004426 louis 2010-06-01T10:33:24Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00000000 geographic feature ENVO:00000000 louis 2010-06-01T11:50:31Z FTT:78 TGN:50001 idomal_namespace man-made feature manmade feature ENVO:00000002 anthropogenic feature ENVO:00000002 Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. louis 2010-06-01T11:17:37Z watercourse FTT:129 FTT:395 FTT:407 FTT:408 Geonames:CNL TGN:51252 Wikipedia:Canal canal canal bend drain (channel) irrigation system lateral idomal_namespace ENVO:00000014 canal ENVO:00000014 Artificial watercourse with no flow or a controlled flow used for navigation, drainage or irrigation. MA:ma watercourse USGS:SDTS canal Geonames:feature canal bend ADL:FTT drain (channel) ADL:FTT irrigation system ADL:FTT lateral ADL:FTT A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. lake FTT:221 FTT:907 Geonames:LKN Geonames:LKSN TGN:21116 Wikipedia:Saline_lake SalineLake salt lake salt lakes salt lake idomal_namespace salina salt lake soda lake ENVO:00000019 saline lake ENVO:00000019 A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS SalineLake NASA:earthrealm salt lake Getty:TGN salt lake USGS:SDTS salt lakes Geonames:feature salt lake ADL:FTT salina USGS:SDTS salt lake Geonames:feature A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. FTT:221 FTT:704 FTT:909 Geonames:LK Geonames:LKS TGN:21114 TGN:21115 Wikipedia:Lake LAKE Lake lake lakes catch basin open water tarn idomal_namespace broad llyn loch lochan lough mere mortlake pasteuer lake ENVO:00000020 lake ENVO:00000020 A body of water or other liquid of considerable size contained on a body of land. Wikipedia:Lake LAKE USGS:SDTS Lake NASA:earthrealm lake Geonames:feature lakes Geonames:feature catch basin USGS:SDTS open water USGS:SDTS tarn ADL:FTT lochan ADL:FTT mortlake USGS:SDTS pasteuer lake USGS:SDTS A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. FreshwaterLake idomal_namespace ENVO:00000021 freshwater lake ENVO:00000021 A lake of whose water contains low concentrations of salts. Wikipedia:Freshwater FreshwaterLake NASA:earthrealm Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. louis 2010-06-01T11:15:00Z watercourse FTT:105 FTT:1221 FTT:1225 FTT:1261 FTT:303 FTT:371 FTT:593 FTT:721 Geonames:STM Geonames:STMS TGN:21106 TGN:21107 TGN:21108 TGN:21109 Wikipedia:Stream Stream stream streams braided stream fork (hydrographic glacial stream lode millstream stream bend idomal_namespace Creek beck brook burn (hydrographic) creek rivulet ENVO:00000023 stream ENVO:00000023 Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface. USGS:http://mapping.usgs.gov/www/ti/GNIS/gnis_users_guide_appendixc.html watercourse ADL:FTT watercourse USGS:SDTS Stream NASA:earthrealm stream Geonames:feature streams Geonames:feature braided stream USGS:SDTS fork (hydrographic ADL:FTT glacial stream USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS stream bend ADL:FTT Creek NASA:earthrealm beck USGS:SDTS brook ADL:FTT brook Getty:TGN burn (hydrographic) ADL:FTT creek ADL:FTT creek Getty:TGN creek USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. louis 2010-06-01T11:24:19Z FTT:1032 FTT:1237 FTT:833 Geonames:WLL Geonames:WLLS TGN:51255 Wikipedia:Well WELL well wells brine well oil well water well idomal_namespace ENVO:00000026 well ENVO:00000026 A cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface. Geonames:feature WELL USGS:SDTS well Geonames:feature wells Geonames:feature brine well USGS:SDTS oil well ADL:FTT oil well USGS:SDTS water well ADL:FTT A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z FTT:982 Geonames:SPNG TGN:21126 SPRING Spring spring idomal_namespace seep ENVO:00000027 spring ENVO:00000027 A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure. Wikipedia:Spring_%28hydrosphere%29#Classification SPRING USGS:SDTS Spring NASA:earthrealm spring Geonames:feature seep USGS:SDTS A flowing body of water. louis 2010-06-01T11:11:41Z FTT:105 Geonames:NRWS Geonames:RCH Geonames:SPLY Geonames:WTRC TGN:21110 TGN:21131 TGN:21133 TGN:21137 TGN:21163 TGN:21499 Wikipedia:Watercourse WATERCOURSE watercourse culvert dredged channel fork gulch gully gut gutter kill lode narrows overflow channel passage pup race ravine reach rill rio rivulet run runnel seachannel seaway spillway stream tideway wash water gap idomal_namespace awawa barranca beck branch brook course draw moat narrows narrows (hydrographic) waterway ENVO:00000029 watercourse ENVO:00000029 A flowing body of water. Wikipedia:Watercourse WATERCOURSE USGS:SDTS watercourse Geonames:feature culvert USGS:SDTS dredged channel USGS:SDTS fork USGS:SDTS gulch USGS:SDTS gully USGS:SDTS gut Getty:TGN gut USGS:SDTS gutter USGS:SDTS kill USGS:SDTS lode USGS:SDTS narrows Geonames:feature narrows USGS:SDTS overflow channel USGS:SDTS passage Getty:TGN passage USGS:SDTS pup USGS:SDTS race USGS:SDTS ravine USGS:SDTS reach Geonames:feature reach Getty:TGN reach USGS:SDTS rill USGS:SDTS rio USGS:SDTS rivulet USGS:SDTS run Getty:TGN run USGS:SDTS runnel USGS:SDTS seachannel USGS:SDTS seaway USGS:SDTS spillway Geonames:feature spillway USGS:SDTS stream ADL:FTT tideway USGS:SDTS wash USGS:SDTS water gap USGS:SDTS awawa USGS:SDTS barranca USGS:SDTS beck USGS:SDTS branch USGS:SDTS brook USGS:SDTS course USGS:SDTS draw USGS:SDTS moat USGS:SDTS narrows Getty:TGN narrows (hydrographic) ADL:FTT waterway USGS:SDTS A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. lake FTT:221 FTT:902 FTT:904 FTT:905 Geonames:PND Geonames:PNDS Geonames:POOL TGN:21104 TGN:21119 Wikipedia:Pond Pond pool (water body) idomal_namespace POOL millpond pond ponds pool pool (water body) ENVO:00000033 pond ENVO:00000033 A body of water, usually of smaller size than a lake. MA:ma lake ADL:FTT lake USGS:SDTS Pond NASA:earthrealm pool (water body) ADL:FTT POOL Getty:TGN millpond ADL:FTT millpond USGS:SDTS pond ADL:FTT pond Geonames:feature ponds Geonames:feature pool Geonames:feature pool USGS:SDTS pool (water body) USGS:SDTS A small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land. louis 2010-06-01T11:17:37Z watercourse FTT:129 FTT:400 FTT:403 Geomames:DTCH TGN:51256 Wikipedia:Ditch ditch idomal_namespace agricultural drain canal drain ENVO:00000037 ditch ENVO:00000037 A small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land. Geonames:feature watercourse USGS:SDTS ditch ADL:FTT ditch Geonames:feature canal ADL:FTT drain ADL:FTT drain USGS:SDTS A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. louis 2010-06-01T10:58:00Z lake FTT:221 FTT:898 FTT:899 Geonames:LGN Geonames:LGNS TGN:21125 Wikipedia:Lagoon LAGOON Lagoon lagoon lagoons laguna idomal_namespace barrier lagoon ENVO:00000038 lagoon ENVO:00000038 A sheet of saline water separated from the open sea by sand or shingle banks. The sheet of water between an offshore reef, especially of coral and mainland. The sheet of water within a ring or horseshoe shaped atoll. USGS:SDTS lake ADL:FTT LAGOON USGS:SDTS Lagoon NASA:earthrealm lagoon Geonames:feature lagoons Geonames:feature laguna ADL:FTT laguna USGS:SDTS barrier lagoon USGS:SDTS A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. louis 2010-06-01T10:58:00Z stream FTT:105 FTT:1223 Geonames:CRKT Wikipedia:Tidal_creek tidal creek idomal_namespace ENVO:00000041 tidal creek ENVO:00000041 A tidal water channel. Creeks may often dry to a muddy channel with little or no flow at low tide, but often with significant depth of water at high tide. Wikipedia:Tidal_creek stream ADL:FTT tidal creek Geonames:feature An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. FTT:1001 FTT:1060 FTT:1061 FTT:1118 FTT:1180 FTT:1190 FTT:1206 FTT:1207 FTT:1226 FTT:184 FTT:185 FTT:228 FTT:281 FTT:480 FTT:716 FTT:883 FTT:934 FTT:945 FTT:983 Geonames:WTLD TGN:21301 TGN:21304 TGN:21305 Wikipedia:Wetland WETLAND Wetland wetland EstuarineWetland LacustrineWetland MarineWetland PalustrineWetland RiparianWetland TerrestialWetland back marsh backswamp backwater barrier flat blanket bog bog cienaga dismal everglade floating marsh forested wetland marsh mire mud flat peat cutting area peatland quagmire quaking bog riparian area slash slough slue swamp forest tulelands idomal_namespace WetlandRegion moor morass muskeg ENVO:00000043 wetland ENVO:00000043 An area that is inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wikipedia:Wetland WETLAND USGS:SDTS Wetland NASA:earthrealm wetland Geonames:feature EstuarineWetland NASA:earthrealm LacustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm MarineWetland NASA:earthrealm PalustrineWetland NASA:earthrealm RiparianWetland NASA:earthrealm TerrestialWetland NASA:earthrealm back marsh USGS:SDTS backswamp USGS:SDTS backwater ADL:FTT barrier flat USGS:SDTS blanket bog USGS:SDTS bog ADL:FTT bog Getty:TGN cienaga ADL:FTT dismal USGS:SDTS everglade USGS:SDTS floating marsh USGS:SDTS forested wetland ADL:FTT marsh ADL:FTT mire ADL:FTT mire USGS:SDTS mud flat ADL:FTT peat cutting area ADL:FTT peatland ADL:FTT quagmire ADL:FTT quagmire USGS:SDTS quaking bog USGS:SDTS riparian area ADL:FTT slash USGS:SDTS slough ADL:FTT slough Getty:TGN slough USGS:SDTS slue ADL:FTT swamp forest USGS:SDTS tulelands USGS:SDTS WetlandRegion NASA:earthrealm moor USGS:SDTS morass USGS:SDTS muskeg USGS:SDTS A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. louis 2010-06-01T10:58:00Z mouth FTT:234 Geonames:ESTY TGN:21152 Wikipedia:Estuary Estuary estuary idomal_namespace inlet ENVO:00000045 estuary ENVO:00000045 A semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. Wikipedia:Estuary mouth USGS:SDTS Estuary NASA:earthrealm estuary Geonames:feature inlet USGS:SDTS A marsh associated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. louis 2010-06-01T11:45:44Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00000053 freshwater marsh ENVO:00000053 A marsh associated with water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. louis 2010-06-01T10:58:00Z wetland woodland FTT:185 FTT:934 Geonames:MGV Wikipedia:Mangrove_swamp mangal mangrove swamp idomal_namespace MangroveForest ENVO:00000057 mangrove swamp ENVO:00000057 An swamp formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. MA:ma wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS woodland USGS:SDTS mangrove swamp Geonames:feature MangroveForest NASA:earthrealm louis 2010-06-01T11:08:00Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00000063 water body ENVO:00000063 An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. island FTT:147 FTT:891 Geonames:ISLM mangrove island idomal_namespace ENVO:00000103 mangrove island ENVO:00000103 An island formed of trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the tropics and subtropics. Wikipedia:Mangrove island ADL:FTT mangrove island Geonames:feature A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. FTT:1248 FTT:54 FTT:55 FTT:56 Geonames:CULT cropland idomal_namespace CROPLAND agricultural region cultivated area cultivated cropland market garden range truck farm truck garden ENVO:00000113 cultivated habitat ENVO:00000113 A geographical feature modified by humans by the preparation of the land, usually for the purposes of growing crops. MA:ma cropland ADL:FTT CROPLAND USGS:SDTS cultivated area ADL:FTT cultivated area Geonames:feature cultivated area USGS:SDTS cultivated cropland ADL:FTT market garden USGS:SDTS range ADL:FTT truck farm USGS:SDTS truck garden USGS:SDTS An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. louis 2010-06-01T11:57:20Z FTT:45 FTT:68 TGN:54041 Wikipedia:Plantation idomal_namespace agricultural site cropland plantation field ENVO:00000117 plantation ENVO:00000117 An intentional planting of a crop, on a large scale, usually for uses other than cereal production or pasture. The term is currently most often used for plantings of trees and shrubs. The term tends also to be used for plantings maintained on economic bases other than that of subsistence farming. Wikipedia:Plantation agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS plantation field USGS:SDTS idomal_namespace flume improved channel ENVO:00000121 artificial channel ENVO:00000121 improved channel USGS:SDTS A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. louis 2010-06-01T11:19:37Z canal FTT:129 FTT:406 Geonames:DTCHI irrigation ditch idomal_namespace ENVO:00000139 irrigation ditch ENVO:00000139 A ditch that supplies water to surrounding land. MA:ma canal ADL:FTT irrigation ditch ADL:FTT irrigation ditch Geonames:feature A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. louis 2010-06-01T11:19:37Z FTT:129 FTT:402 Geonames:DTCHD drainage ditch idomal_namespace canal rhyne ENVO:00000140 drainage ditch ENVO:00000140 A ditch that collects water from the surrounding land. MA:ma drainage ditch ADL:FTT drainage ditch Geonames:feature canal ADL:FTT An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. idomal_namespace ENVO:00000224 slightly stratified estuary ENVO:00000224 An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. Wikipedia:Estuary An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. idomal_namespace ENVO:00000225 highly stratified estuary ENVO:00000225 An estuary whose river output and marine input are more even, with river flow still dominant; turbulence induces more mixing of salt water upward than the reverse. Wikipedia:Estuary An estuary whose river output greatly exceeds marine input; there is little mixing, and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. salt wedge estuary idomal_namespace ENVO:00000226 saline wedge estuary ENVO:00000226 An estuary whose river output greatly exceeds marine input; there is little mixing, and thus a sharp contrast between fresh surface water and saline bottom water. Wikipedia:Estuary An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. idomal_namespace ENVO:00000227 vertically mixed estuary ENVO:00000227 An estuary whose river output is less than the marine input. Here, turbulence causes mixing of the whole water column, such that salinity varies more longitudinally rather than vertically. Wikipedia:Estuary An estuary located in regions with high evaporation, there is no freshwater input and in fact salinity increases inland; overall flow is inward at the surface, downwells at the inland terminus, and flows outward subsurface. idomal_namespace ENVO:00000228 inverse estuary ENVO:00000228 An estuary located in regions with high evaporation, there is no freshwater input and in fact salinity increases inland; overall flow is inward at the surface, downwells at the inland terminus, and flows outward subsurface. Wikipedia:Estuary An estuary that varies dramatically depending on freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any of the other estuary types. idomal_namespace ENVO:00000229 intermittent estuary ENVO:00000229 An estuary that varies dramatically depending on freshwater input, and is capable of changing from a wholly marine embayment to any of the other estuary types. Wikipedia:Estuary A wetland associated with the part of the land adjoining or near a sea or ocean. louis 2010-06-01T10:42:36Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00000230 coastal wetland ENVO:00000230 A wetland associated with the part of the land adjoining or near a sea or ocean. MA:ma A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. louis 2010-06-01T11:45:44Z grassland moor wetland woodland FTT:1191 FTT:991 Geonames:MOOR TGN:21608 Wikipedia:Moor idomal_namespace shrubland ENVO:00000231 moor ENVO:00000231 A wetland found in upland areas, characterised by acidic soils. Wikipedia:Moorland grassland USGS:SDTS moor Geonames:feature wetland USGS:SDTS woodland USGS:SDTS shrubland ADL:FTT A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. louis 2010-06-01T11:45:44Z wetland FTT:1226 FTT:185 FTT:480 Geonames:SWMP TGN:21324 Wikipedia:Swamp Swamp swamp idomal_namespace cienaga ENVO:00000233 swamp ENVO:00000233 A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions. Wikipedia:Swamp wetland ADL:FTT wetland USGS:SDTS Swamp NASA:earthrealm swamp Geonames:feature cienaga ADL:FTT A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. louis 2010-06-01T10:58:00Z wetland FTT:1230 FTT:185 FTT:706 Geonames:FLTT Wikipedia:Tidal_flat FLAT tidal flat idomal_namespace ENVO:00000241 tidal mudflat ENVO:00000241 A level tract lying at a small depth below the surface of water, or alternately covered and left bare by the tide. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT FLAT USGS:SDTS tidal flat ADL:FTT tidal flat Geonames:feature tidal flat USGS:SDTS A wetland whose water that contains low concentrations of salts. louis 2010-06-01T11:43:37Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00000243 freshwater wetland ENVO:00000243 A wetland whose water that contains low concentrations of salts. MA:ma A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. louis 2010-06-01T11:57:20Z FTT:45 FTT:70 Wikipedia:Rice_field idomal_namespace agricultural site cropland rice paddy ENVO:00000296 rice field ENVO:00000296 A paddy field for the cultivation of rice. MA:ma agricultural site ADL:FTT cropland USGS:SDTS A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. louis 2010-06-01T10:37:56Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00000314 alluvial fan ENVO:00000314 A fan-shaped deposit formed where a fast flowing stream flattens, slows, and spreads typically at the exit of a canyon onto a flatter plain. Wikipedia:alluvialfan The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. louis 2010-06-01T11:15:00Z watercourse FTT:1192 FTT:233 FTT:461 FTT:462 FTT:463 FTT:464 FTT:465 FTT:466 FTT:468 FTT:469 FTT:470 Geonames:CHN Geonames:SCNU Geonames:SCSU TGN:21137 TGN:23451 sea channel sea channels stream channel undersea channel idomal_namespace WaterChannel channel chutes (hydrographic) improved channel inlet (hydrographic) reach (hydrographic) sea channel seachannel (seafloor) sound (bodies of water) strait ENVO:00000395 channel ENVO:00000395 The physical confine of a river, slough or ocean strait consisting of a bed and banks. Wikipedia:Channel_%28geography%29 watercourse USGS:SDTS sea channel Geonames:feature sea channels Geonames:feature stream channel USGS:SDTS undersea channel Getty:TGN WaterChannel NASA:earthrealm channel ADL:FTT channel Geonames:feature chutes (hydrographic) ADL:FTT improved channel USGS:SDTS inlet (hydrographic) ADL:FTT reach (hydrographic) ADL:FTT sea channel USGS:SDTS seachannel (seafloor) ADL:FTT sound (bodies of water) ADL:FTT strait ADL:FTT A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. Wikipedia:Ria idomal_namespace drowned river valley drowned valley valley ENVO:00000418 ria ENVO:00000418 A submergent coastal landform that forms where sea levels rise relative to the land either as a result of eustatic sea level change; where the global sea levels rise or isostatic sea level change; where the land sinks. When this happens valleys which were previously at sea level become submerged. Wikipedia:Ria valley USGS:SDTS An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. louis 2010-06-01T11:15:00Z wetland FTT:184 TGN:21302 Wikipedia:Backwater BACKWATER idomal_namespace ENVO:00000472 backwater ENVO:00000472 An area of calm water unaffected by the current of a stream. USGS:SDTS wetland ADL:FTT BACKWATER USGS:SDTS A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. louis 2010-06-01T12:01:39Z FTT:828 Geonames:WTRH TGN:21184 Wikipedia:Waterhole water hole idomal_namespace water hole waterhole ENVO:00000547 waterhole ENVO:00000547 A pond, often temporary or seasonal, used as a drinking place by mammals and birds. MA:ma water hole USGS:SDTS waterhole Geonames:feature Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Waste_water idomal_namespace ENVO:00002001 waste water ENVO:00002001 Water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wikipedia:Wastewater Undigested food residues and other discarded products of the midgut. IDOMAL:002049 dung faeces idomal_namespace droppings frass pellet ENVO:00002003 feces ENVO:00002003 Undigested food residues and other discarded products of the midgut. ENVO:00002003 The liquid form of dihydrogen monoxide. louis 2010-06-01T12:07:11Z Wikipedia:Water idomal_namespace ENVO:00002006 water ENVO:00002006 The liquid form of dihydrogen monoxide. MA:ma louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Saline_water salt water idomal_namespace seawater ENVO:00002010 saline water ENVO:00002010 louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Fresh_water idomal_namespace ENVO:00002011 fresh water ENVO:00002011 Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00002019 brackish water ENVO:00002019 Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. KL:KL A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. idomal_namespace ENVO:00002031 anthropogenic habitat ENVO:00002031 A habitat that is in or on an environmental feature or material derived from human activity. NM:nm A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. Wikipedia:Habitat idomal_namespace biotope ENVO:00002036 habitat ENVO:00002036 A spatial region having environmental qualities which may sustain an organism or a community of organisms. EnvO:EnvO louis 2010-06-01T12:17:47Z Wikipedia:Ground_water idomal_namespace ENVO:00002041 ground water ENVO:00002041 louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Surface_water idomal_namespace ENVO:00002042 surface water ENVO:00002042 Urine is a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. IDOMAL:0002045 idomal_namespace ENVO:00002047 urine ENVO:00002047 Urine is a liquid excreta containing water and waste products made by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and leaves the body through the urethra. ENVO:00002047 idomal_namespace ENVO:00002137 brackish estuary ENVO:00002137 louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Contaminated_water polluted water idomal_namespace ENVO:00002186 contaminated water ENVO:00002186 Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Brine idomal_namespace ENVO:00003044 brine ENVO:00003044 Water saturated or nearly saturated with salt (NaCl). It is used (now less popular than historically) to preserve vegetables, fish, and meat. Wikipedia:Brine louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z Wikipedia:Distilled_water idomal_namespace ENVO:00003065 distilled water ENVO:00003065 louis 2010-06-01T12:16:50Z Wikipedia:Tap_water idomal_namespace ENVO:00003096 tap water ENVO:00003096 louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00005791 sterile water ENVO:00005791 louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z idomal_namespace subterranean water ENVO:00005792 underground water ENVO:00005792 louis 2010-06-01T12:14:28Z idomal_namespace ENVO:00005793 muddy water ENVO:00005793 Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. IDOMAL:0002047 idomal_namespace ENVO:02000022 excreta ENVO:02000022 Excreta are bodily fluids consisting of waste matter, such as sweat or feces, discharged from the body. ENVO:02000022 The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism. IDOMAL:0002160 reproductive physiological process idomal_namespace GO:0000003 reproduction GO:0000003 The production by an organism of new individuals that contain some portion of their genetic material inherited from that organism. GO:0000003 true GO:0000004 A chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Topito 2014-04-10T20:48:25Z idomal_namespace GO:0000228 nuclear chromosome GO:0000228 A chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. GO:0000228 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape. elvira 2007-11-29T01:20:00Z IDOMAL:002362 idomal_namespace GO:0002164 larval development GO:0002164 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the larva over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The larva is the early, immature form of any animal when more or less of a metamorphosis takes place, before the assumption of the mature shape. GO:0002164 An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). guest 2009-11-20T01:54:15Z IDOMAL:0000013 idomal_namespace GO:0002250 adaptive immune response GO:0002250 An immune response based on directed amplification of specific receptors for antigen produced through a somatic diversification process, and allowing for enhanced response to subsequent exposures to the same antigen (immunological memory). GO:0002250 Any process that initiates an immune response. IDOMAL:0002444 idomal_namespace GO:0002253 activation of immune response GO:0002253 Any process that initiates an immune response. GO:0002253 A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-12-08T10:14:43Z IDOMAL:0000817 idomal_namespace GO:0002263 cell activation during immune response GO:0002263 A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002263 A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:09:32Z IDOMAL:0000037 idomal_namespace GO:0002271 plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation during immune response GO:0002271 A change in the morphology or behavior of a plasmacytoid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002271 A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-12-09T10:07:10Z IDOMAL:0000695 myeloid DC activation during immune response idomal_namespace GO:0002275 myeloid cell activation during immune response GO:0002275 A change in the morphology or behavior of a myeloid cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002275 The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-12-09T10:15:10Z IDOMAL:0000837 idomal_namespace GO:0002277 myeloid dendritic cell activation during immune response GO:0002277 The change in morphology and behavior of a myeloid dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002277 A change in the morphology or behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-22T02:59:48Z IDOMAL:0000294 idomal_namespace GO:0002281 macrophage activation during immune response GO:0002281 A change in the morphology or behavior of a macrophage resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002281 A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-30T12:20:03Z IDOMAL:0000792 idomal_namespace GO:0002285 lymphocyte activation during immune response GO:0002285 A change in morphology and behavior of a lymphocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002285 A change in the morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-22T03:36:05Z IDOMAL:0000358 T lymphocyte activation during immune response T-cell activation during immune response T-lymphocyte activation during immune response idomal_namespace GO:0002286 T cell activation during immune response GO:0002286 A change in the morphology and behavior of a mature or immature T cell resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002286 The change in morphology and behaviour of a mature or immature B cell during immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. guest 2009-11-22T03:02:28Z IDOMAL:0000309 B lymphocyte activation during immune response B-cell activation during immune response B-lymphocyte activation during immune response idomal_namespace GO:0002312 B cell activation during immune response GO:0002312 The change in morphology and behaviour of a mature or immature B cell during immune response, resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific. GO:0002312 A change in the morphology and behaviour of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-30T12:11:41Z IDOMAL:0000791 immune cell activation during immune response leucocyte activation during immune response idomal_namespace GO:0002366 leukocyte activation during immune response GO:0002366 A change in the morphology and behaviour of a leukocyte resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. GO:0002366 The appearance of cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-11-26T08:19:22Z IDOMAL:0000777 idomal_namespace GO:0002367 cytokine production during immune response GO:0002367 The appearance of cytokine due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GO:0002367 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. IDOMAL:0002443 idomal_namespace GO:0002376 immune system process GO:0002376 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GO:0002376 The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-11-26T02:01:47Z IDOMAL:0000751 antibody production during immune response idomal_namespace GO:0002381 immunoglobulin production during immune response GO:0002381 The appearance of immunoglobulin due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus during an immune response, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GO:0002381 The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response following an immunological stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-11-26T01:57:10Z IDOMAL:0000750 idomal_namespace GO:0002440 production of molecular mediators of immune response GO:0002440 The synthesis or release of any molecular mediator of the immune response following an immunological stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. GO:0002440 The process by which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000831 B lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation B-cell antigen processing and presentation B-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation idomal_namespace GO:0002450 B cell antigen processing and presentation GO:0002450 The process by which a B cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0002450 The process by which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000835 T lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation T-cell antigen processing and presentation T-lymphocyte antigen processing and presentation idomal_namespace GO:0002457 T cell antigen processing and presentation GO:0002457 The process by which a T cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0002457 The process by which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000832 idomal_namespace GO:0002468 dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation GO:0002468 The process by which a dendritic cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0002468 The process by which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000833 idomal_namespace GO:0002472 macrophage antigen processing and presentation GO:0002472 The process by which a macrophage expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0002472 The process by which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000834 idomal_namespace GO:0002473 non-professional antigen presenting cell antigen processing and presentation GO:0002473 The process by which a non-professional antigen presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. Non-professional antigen presenting cells include all cell types but dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. GO:0002473 A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. guest 2009-11-20T06:59:48Z IDOMAL:0000156 idomal_namespace GO:0002679 respiratory burst during defense response GO:0002679 A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases made as a defense response; this leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals. GO:0002679 Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis. guest 2009-12-08T11:29:20Z IDOMAL:0000818 idomal_namespace GO:0002747 antigen processing and presentation following phagocytosis GO:0002747 Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by uptake of antigen via phagocytosis. GO:0002747 Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR). guest 2009-12-08T11:31:34Z IDOMAL:0000828 antigen processing and presentation initiated by TLR mediated phagocytosis of antigen idomal_namespace GO:0002749 antigen processing and presentation initiated by toll-like receptor mediated phagocytosis of antigen GO:0002749 Antigen processing and presentation which is initiated by phagocytosis of antigen bound directly or indirectly to a cell surface toll-like receptor (TLR). GO:0002749 The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. Topito 2014-04-10T20:41:11Z idomal_namespace GO:0005575 cellular_component GO:0005575 The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. GO:0005575 A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. Topito 2014-04-10T20:47:16Z idomal_namespace GO:0005694 chromosome GO:0005694 A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information. GO:0005694 The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium. guest 2009-11-30T05:42:33Z IDOMAL:0000805 nitrogen compound metabolism idomal_namespace GO:0006807 nitrogen compound metabolic process GO:0006807 The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds; includes nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium. GO:0006807 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. guest 2009-11-20T06:59:56Z IDOMAL:0000160 NO anabolism NO biosynthesis NO formation NO synthesis nitric oxide anabolism nitric oxide biosynthesis nitric oxide formation nitric oxide synthesis idomal_namespace GO:0006809 nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0006809 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. GO:0006809 A type of vesicle-mediated transport in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. guest 2009-11-20T02:35:08Z IDOMAL:0000020 idomal_namespace GO:0006897 endocytosis GO:0006897 A type of vesicle-mediated transport in which cells take up external materials or membrane constituents by the invagination of small region of the plasma membrane to form a new membrane-bounded vesicle. GO:0006897 An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. IDOMAL:0002057 receptor mediated endocytosis idomal_namespace GO:0006898 receptor-mediated endocytosis GO:0006898 An endocytosis process in which cell surface receptors ensure specificity of transport. A specific receptor on the cell surface binds tightly to the extracellular macromolecule (the ligand) that it recognizes; the plasma-membrane region containing the receptor-ligand complex then undergoes endocytosis, forming a transport vesicle containing the receptor-ligand complex and excluding most other plasma-membrane proteins. Receptor-mediated endocytosis generally occurs via clathrin-coated pits and vesicles. GO:0006898 The process whereby phagocytes engulf external particulate material. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. guest 2009-11-20T02:50:41Z IDOMAL:0000060 biological_process GO:0006909 phagocytosis GO:0006909 The process whereby phagocytes engulf external particulate material. The particles are initially contained within phagocytic vacuoles (phagosomes), which then fuse with primary lysosomes to effect digestion of the particles. GO:0006909 A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. apoptosis signaling activation of apoptosis commitment to apoptosis biological_process apoptosis activator activity GO:0006917 induction of apoptosis GO:0006917 A process that directly activates any of the steps required for cell death by apoptosis. GOC:go_curators A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. IDOMAL:0002124 idomal_namespace GO:0006936 muscle contraction GO:0006936 A process in which force is generated within muscle tissue, resulting in a change in muscle geometry. Force generation involves a chemo-mechanical energy conversion step that is carried out by the actin/myosin complex activity, which generates force through ATP hydrolysis. GO:0006936 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. IDOMAL:0002357 idomal_namespace GO:0006955 immune response GO:0006955 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GO:0006955 Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway. 2009-12-01T02:47:12Z IDOMAL:0000810 complement cascade complement response idomal_namespace complement activity GO:0006956 complement activation GO:0006956 Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the complement cascade, which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes; the initial steps of complement activation involve one of three pathways, the classical pathway, the alternative pathway, and the lectin pathway, all of which lead to the terminal complement pathway. GO:0006956 Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes. 2009-11-30T01:52:51Z IDOMAL:0000795 complement cascade, alternative pathway idomal_namespace GO:0006957 complement activation, alternative pathway GO:0006957 Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the alternative pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes and the regulation of other immune processes. GO:0006957 Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes. guest 2009-11-23T02:10:13Z IDOMAL:0000567 complement cascade, classical pathway idomal_namespace GO:0006958 complement activation, classical pathway GO:0006958 Any process involved in the activation of any of the steps of the classical pathway of the complement cascade which allows for the direct killing of microbes, the disposal of immune complexes, and the regulation of other immune processes. GO:0006958 An immune response mediated through a body fluid. guest 2009-12-01T09:48:32Z IDOMAL:0000808 idomal_namespace GO:0006959 humoral immune response GO:0006959 An immune response mediated through a body fluid. GO:0006959 The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition. IDOMAL:0002034 idomal_namespace GO:0007296 vitellogenesis GO:0007296 The production of yolk. Yolk is a mixture of materials used for embryonic nutrition. GO:0007296 The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. IDOMAL:0002073 idomal_namespace GO:0007320 insemination GO:0007320 The introduction of semen or sperm into the genital tract of a female. GO:0007320 A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. IDOMAL:0002170 idomal_namespace GO:0007552 metamorphosis GO:0007552 A biological process in which an animal physically develops after birth or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's form or structure. Examples include the change from tadpole to frog, and the change from larva to adult. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. GO:0007552 The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death, followed by the complete dissolution of dead tissue. IDOMAL:0002172 idomal_namespace GO:0007559 histolysis GO:0007559 The breakdown of tissues; usually, if not always, accompanied by cell death, followed by the complete dissolution of dead tissue. GO:0007559 true GO:0007582 The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. IDOMAL:0002039 idomal_namespace GO:0007588 excretion GO:0007588 The elimination by an organism of the waste products that arise as a result of metabolic activity. These products include water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogenous compounds. GO:0007588 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. IDOMAL:0002130 idomal_namespace GO:0007600 sensory perception GO:0007600 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. GO:0007600 The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. idomal_namespace GO:0007601 visual perception GO:0007601 The series of events required for an organism to receive a visual stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Visual stimuli are detected in the form of photons and are processed to form an image. GO:0007601 The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. idomal_namespace GO:0007605 sensory perception of sound GO:0007605 The series of events required for an organism to receive an auditory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. Sonic stimuli are detected in the form of vibrations and are processed to form a sound. GO:0007605 The process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-30T11:39:27Z IDOMAL:0000649 idomal_namespace GO:0008037 cell recognition GO:0008037 The process by which a cell in a multicellular organism interprets its surroundings. GO:0008037 Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GO:0000004 GO:0007582 Wikipedia:Biological_process physiological process biological process unknown biological_process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for use for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. Note that when this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code ND, no data, is used to indicate this. biological process GO:0008150 Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. GOC:go_curators GOC:isa_complete The specific activation or halting process within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. guest 2009-12-08T09:44:52Z IDOMAL:0000814 idomal_namespace GO:0008219 cell death GO:0008219 The specific activation or halting process within a cell so that its vital functions markedly cease, rather than simply deteriorating gradually over time, which culminates in cell death. GO:0008219 The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody. guest 2009-11-30T04:47:52Z IDOMAL:0000802 idomal_namespace GO:0008228 opsonization GO:0008228 The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement component or antibody. GO:0008228 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. IDOMAL:0002456 breakdown catabolism degradation idomal_namespace GO:0009056 catabolic process GO:0009056 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of substances, including the breakdown of carbon compounds with the liberation of energy for use by the cell or organism. GO:0009056 breakdown GO:0009056 catabolism GO:0009056 degradation GO:0009056 The hydrolysis of lipids of mosquitoes' meals by specific enzymes. IDOMAL:0002060 idomal_namespace GO:0016042 lipid catabolic process GO:0016042 The hydrolysis of lipids of mosquitoes' meals by specific enzymes. GO:0016042 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. IDOMAL:0002059 carbohydrate breakdown carbohydrate catabolism carbohydrate degradation catabolic carbohydrate metabolic process catabolic carbohydrate metabolism idomal_namespace GO:0016952 carbohydrate catabolic process GO:0016952 The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of carbohydrates, any of a group of organic compounds based of the general formula Cx(H2O)y. GO:0016952 An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:44:14Z IDOMAL:0000064 B lymphocyte receptor complex B-cell receptor complex B-lymphocyte receptor complex BCR complex immunoglobulin complex, membrane bound idomal_namespace B cell receptor accessory molecule complex antibody GO:0019815 B cell receptor complex GO:0019815 An immunoglobulin complex that is present in the plasma membrane of B cells and that in its canonical form is composed of two identical immunoglobulin heavy chains and two identical immunoglobulin light chains and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins. GO:0019815 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:26:39Z IDOMAL:0000803 antigen presentation antigen processing idomal_namespace GO:0019882 antigen processing and presentation GO:0019882 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0019882 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000829 antigen presentation, endogenous antigen idomal_namespace GO:0019883 antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen GO:0019883 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of endogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0019883 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. guest 2009-12-08T11:42:21Z IDOMAL:0000830 antigen presentation, exogenous antigen idomal_namespace GO:0019884 antigen processing and presentation of exogenous antigen GO:0019884 The process by which an antigen-presenting cell expresses antigen (peptide or lipid) of exogenous origin on its cell surface in association with an MHC protein complex. GO:0019884 The binding of parasite infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes. guest 2009-11-25T02:18:56Z IDOMAL:0000705 rosette formation idomal_namespace GO:0020013 rosetting GO:0020013 The binding of parasite infected erythrocytes to uninfected erythrocytes. GO:0020013 Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system. IDOMAL:0000110 Ag variation surgace antigen variation idomal_namespace GO:0020033 antigenic variation GO:0020033 Any process involved in the biological strategy of changing antigenic determinants on the surface that are exposed to another organism's immune system. GO:0020033 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. Ioana 2009-12-17T10:39:30Z IDOMAL:0000111 idomal_namespace GO:0030100 regulation of endocytosis GO:0030100 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of endocytosis. GO:0030100 The breakdown into simpler components of a protein. IDOMAL:0002058 protein breakdown protein catabolism protein degradation idomal_namespace pheromone catabolic process pheromone catabolism GO:0030163 protein catabolic process GO:0030163 The breakdown into simpler components of a protein. GO:0030163 The expulsion of feces from the rectum. IDOMAL:0002048 idomal_namespace GO:00304321 defaecation GO:00304321 The expulsion of feces from the rectum. GO:00304321 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: a cell, tissue, organ, or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. IDOMAL:0002163 idomal_namespace GO:0032502 developmental process GO:0032502 A biological process whose specific outcome is the progression of an integrated living unit: a cell, tissue, organ, or organism over time from an initial condition to a later condition. GO:0032502 The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. guest 2009-11-28T12:35:56Z IDOMAL:0000788 IFN-gamma production IFNG production type II IFN production type II interferon production idomal_namespace GO:0032609 interferon-gamma production GO:0032609 The appearance of interferon-gamma due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. Interferon-gamma is also known as type II interferon. GO:0032609 A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:32:57Z IDOMAL:0000048 immunoglobulin receptor complex Fc-receptor complex FcR complex idomal_namespace GO:0032997 Fc receptor complex GO:0032997 A protein complex composed of a subunit or subunits capable of binding the Fc portion of an immunoglobulin with additional signaling components. The complex functions as a receptor for immunoglobulin. GO:0032997 A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:22:05Z IDOMAL:0000046 IgG receptor complex immunoglobulin G receptor complex FcgRI complex idomal_namespace GO:0033000 Fc-gamma receptor I complex GO:0033000 A protein complex composed of an Fc-gamma RI alpha chain and an Fc-epsilon RI gamma chain dimer with or without additional signaling components. The complex functions primarily as an activating receptor for IgG. GO:0033000 The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin. IDOMAL:0002449 idomal_namespace melanization defence response GO:0035006 melanization defense response GO:0035006 The blackening of the wounded area of the cuticle or the surface of invading pathogens, parasites or parasitoids, resulting from a proteolytic cascade leading to the de novo synthesis and deposition of melanin. GO:0035006 melanization defence response GO:0035006 The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. elvira 2007-11-28T03:00:00Z IDOMAL:0002358 idomal_namespace growth pattern GO:0040007 growth GO:0040007 The increase in size or mass of an entire organism, a part of an organism or a cell. GO:0040007 Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. IDOMAL:0002114 idomal_namespace GO:0040011 locomotion GO:0040011 Self-propelled movement of a cell or organism from one location to another. GO:0040011 A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein. 2009-12-16T05:48:52Z IDOMAL:0000065 alpha-beta T lymphocyte receptor complex alpha-beta T-cell receptor complex alpha-beta T-lymphocyte receptor complex alpha-beta TCR complex idomal_namespace GO:0042105 alpha-beta T cell receptor complex GO:0042105 A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises alpha and beta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes a complex consisting of an antigen-derived peptide bound to a class I or class II MHC protein. GO:0042105 The gamma-delta T cell receptor is a heterodimer consisting of one gamma and one delta chain.A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:18:49Z IDOMAL:0000041 gamma-delta T lymphocyte receptor complex gamma-delta T-cell receptor complex gamma-delta T-lymphocyte receptor compelx gamma-delta TCR complex idomal_namespace GO:0042106 gamma-delta T cell receptor complex GO:0042106 The gamma-delta T cell receptor is a heterodimer consisting of one gamma and one delta chain.A T cell receptor complex in which the TCR heterodimer comprises gamma and delta chains, associated with the CD3 complex; recognizes antigen directly, without a requirement for processing and presentation by an MHC protein. GO:0042106 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. IDOMAL:0002134 response to chemical substance idomal_namespace GO:0042221 response to chemical stimulus GO:0042221 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. GO:0042221 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. IDOMAL:002158 pigment metabolism idomal_namespace GO:0042440 pigment metabolic process GO:0042440 The chemical reactions and pathways involving pigment, any general or particular coloring matter in living organisms, e.g. melanin. GO:0042440 The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased. IDOMAL:0002239 idomal_namespace GO:0042467 orthokinesis GO:0042467 The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the speed or frequency of movement is increased or decreased. GO:0042467 The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered. IDOMAL:0002240 idomal_namespace GO:0042468 klinokinesis GO:0042468 The movement of a cell or organism in response to a stimulus in which the frequency or magnitude of turning behavior is altered. GO:0042468 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. Topito 2014-04-10T20:44:51Z idomal_namespace GO:0043226 organelle GO:0043226 Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, and prokaryotic structures such as anammoxosomes and pirellulosomes. Excludes the plasma membrane. GO:0043226 true GO:0043234 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:13:14Z IDOMAL:0000039 immune cell degranulation immune cell granule exocytosis leucocyte degranulation leukocyte granule exocytosis idomal_namespace GO:0043299 leukocyte degranulation GO:0043299 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules by a leukocyte. GO:0043299 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. guest 2009-11-22T07:54:25Z IDOMAL:0000394 NK cell degranulation NK cell granule exocytosis NK-cell degranulation NK-cell granule exocytosis natural killer cell granule exocytosis idomal_namespace GO:0043320 natural killer cell degranulation GO:0043320 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a natural killer cell. GO:0043320 The regulation is done by pumping air by opening and closing spiracles. idomal_namespace GO:0044065 Studied in cockroach and flea. regulation of respiratory system process GO:0044065 The regulation is done by pumping air by opening and closing spiracles. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germ line encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. guest 2009-11-20T01:54:15Z IDOMAL:0000007 idomal_namespace GO:0045087 innate immune response GO:0045087 Innate immune responses are defense responses mediated by germ line encoded components that directly recognize components of potential pathogens. GO:0045087 A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity. guest 2009-11-30T06:03:42Z IDOMAL:0000806 metabolic burst after phagocytosis oxidative burst after phagocytosis idomal_namespace GO:0045728 respiratory burst after phagocytosis GO:0045728 A phase of elevated metabolic activity, during which oxygen consumption increases, that occurs in neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages shortly after phagocytosing material. An enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, which play a part in microbiocidal activity. GO:0045728 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. guest 2009-11-20T06:59:48Z IDOMAL:0000159 nitric oxide metabolism idomal_namespace GO:0046209 nitric oxide metabolic process GO:0046209 The chemical reactions and pathways involving nitric oxide, nitrogen monoxide (NO), a colorless gas only slightly soluble in water. GO:0046209 The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin. IDOMAL:0002144 salivation idomal_namespace GO:0046541 saliva secretion GO:0046541 The regulated release of saliva from the salivary glands. In man, the saliva is a turbid and slightly viscous fluid, generally of an alkaline reaction, and is secreted by the parotid, submaxillary, and sublingual glands. In the mouth the saliva is mixed with the secretion from the buccal glands. In man and many animals, saliva is an important digestive fluid on account of the presence of the peculiar enzyme, ptyalin. GO:0046541 true GO:0046879 Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. Pantelis 2009-07-14T10:59:02Z IDOMAL:0002030 idomal_namespace GO:0048511 rythmic process GO:0048511 Any process pertinent to the generation and maintenance of rhythms in the physiology of an organism. GO:0048511 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. Ioana 2009-12-17T10:42:31Z IDOMAL:0000112 down regulation of phagocytosis down-regulation of phagocytosis downregulation of phagocytosis idomal_namespace GO:0050765 negative regulation of phagocytosis GO:0050765 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of phagocytosis. GO:0050765 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. IDOMAL:0002442 idomal_namespace GO:0050789 regulation of biological process GO:0050789 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. GO:0050789 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. elvira 2007-11-23T01:23:00Z IDOMAL:0002306 physiological response to stimulus idomal_namespace GO:0050896 response to stimulus GO:0050896 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. GO:0050896 Any process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. Ioana 2009-12-16T04:07:50Z IDOMAL:0000014 interaction between organisms physiological interaction between organisms physiological interaction with other organism idomal_namespace GO:0051704 multi-organism process GO:0051704 Any process by which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. GO:0051704 Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement. IDOMAL:0002078 idomal_namespace GO:0060361 flight GO:0060361 Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through the air, usually by means of active wing movement. GO:0060361 Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish. IDOMAL:0002312 idomal_namespace GO:0071632 optomotor response GO:0071632 Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish. GO:0071632 A data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data idomal_namespace IAO:0000027 data item IAO:0000027 A data item is an information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. IAO:0000027 An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity. idomal_namespace IAO:0000030 information content entity IAO:0000030 An information content entity is an entity that is generically dependent on some artifact and stands in relation of aboutness to some entity. IAO:0000030 A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. elvira 2012-12-07T10:36:41Z idomal_namespace IAO:0000109 measurement datum IAO:0000109 A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device. IAO:0000109 A protein that is produced by a pathogen. Pantelis 2013-05-28T09:37:12Z idomal_namespace IDODEN:0000261 pathogen protein IDODEN:0000261 A protein that is produced by a pathogen. EM:EM An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of a carboxylic ester + H2O wich equals to an alcohol + a carboxylate. carboxylesterase idomal_namespace IDODEN:0000307 COE IDODEN:0000307 An enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction of a carboxylic ester + H2O wich equals to an alcohol + a carboxylate. Wikipedia:Carboxylesterase GSTs catalyse the conjugation of reduced glutathione - via a sulfhydryl group - to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates. elvira 2012-12-07T12:01:02Z glutathione S-transferase idomal_namespace IDODEN:0000309 GST IDODEN:0000309 GSTs catalyse the conjugation of reduced glutathione - via a sulfhydryl group - to electrophilic centers on a wide variety of substrates. Wikipedia:Glutathione_S-transferase Inspection of randomly selected houses for the presence of containers holding water, and each detected container was sampled to extract and count the number of pupae present. elvira 2013-01-31T14:04:05Z idomal_namespace IDODEN:0003607 pupal survey IDODEN:0003607 Inspection of randomly selected houses for the presence of containers holding water, and each detected container was sampled to extract and count the number of pupae present. PMID:19556574 Inspection and measurement of randomly left oviposition traps for the presence of larvae. elvira 2013-01-31T14:08:34Z oviposition trap survey idomal_namespace IDODEN:0003612 ovitrap survey IDODEN:0003612 Inspection and measurement of randomly left oviposition traps for the presence of larvae. WHO:TDR The collection of data relating to the entomology of the disease, to be processed and used for the survey of the state of the disease in a given area. elvira 2013-01-31T14:00:27Z idomal_namespace IDODEN:0003642 collection of entomological data IDODEN:0003642 The collection of data relating to the entomology of the disease, to be processed and used for the survey of the state of the disease in a given area. EM:EM true IDOMAL:0000000 true IDOMAL:0000001 A dependent continuant that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). snap:Quality snap:Quality idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000002 quality IDOMAL:0000002 A dependent continuant that is exhibited if it inheres in an entity or entities at all (a categorical property). BFO:SNAP true IDOMAL:0000003 true IDOMAL:0000004 Any host process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system,an organismal system of calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. guest 2009-11-20T01:50:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000005 host immune system process IDOMAL:0000005 Any host process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system,an organismal system of calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. IB:IB Any host immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. guest 2009-11-20T01:52:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000006 host immune response IDOMAL:0000006 Any host immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000007 The ability to spread from one person or species to another. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000008 contagiousness IDOMAL:0000008 The ability to spread from one person or species to another. PT:PT The ability of a pathogen to lie dormant. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000009 Infection has occurred, but it might not have manifested itselfnquality of being in a non replicative statentime to manifest itself na pathogen when it is in a non replicative state. latency IDOMAL:0000009 The ability of a pathogen to lie dormant. PT:PT The act that reduces the activation or efficacy of the immune system due to therapy with immunosuppressant drugs. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000010 immunosuppression IDOMAL:0000010 The act that reduces the activation or efficacy of the immune system due to therapy with immunosuppressant drugs. KL:KL The pathogen is not normally present in the host body, but have gained entrance from the environment. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000011 exogenous IDOMAL:0000011 The pathogen is not normally present in the host body, but have gained entrance from the environment. PT:PT The quality of being immune. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000012 immunity IDOMAL:0000012 The quality of being immune. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000013 true IDOMAL:0000014 An 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug. Ioana 2009-12-16T04:14:51Z elubaquine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000015 bulaquine IDOMAL:0000015 An 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug. ISBN:978-3-540-48994 Is a integral membrane protein found on the surface of various cells. It is thought to have a hairpin-like structure with alpha-helices at the C- and N-termini projecting through the membrane and a larger extracellular loop. Ioana 2009-12-16T04:19:38Z thrombospodin receptor FAT GP88 SCARB3 cluster of differentiation 36 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000016 CD36 IDOMAL:0000016 Is a integral membrane protein found on the surface of various cells. It is thought to have a hairpin-like structure with alpha-helices at the C- and N-termini projecting through the membrane and a larger extracellular loop. Wikipedia:CD36 Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths due to malaria in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000017 mortality of malaria IDOMAL:0000017 Mortality rate is a measure of the number of deaths due to malaria in some population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit time. KL:KL The fiat process part occuring in a malaria host. Ioana 2009-12-16T04:38:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000018 fiat process part of malaria host true IDOMAL:0000018 The fiat process part occuring in a malaria host. IB:IB The number of malaria cases existing in a given population at any given time. idomal_namespace point prevalence of malaria IDOMAL:0000019 Total number of cases of a particular disease at a given time in a particular population divided by the number of individuals in that particular population. The burden of a disease in a population. prevalence of malaria IDOMAL:0000019 The number of malaria cases existing in a given population at any given time. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000020 The administration of antigenic material from malaria pathogen to produce immunity to malaria. Pantelis 2010-02-22T09:42:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000021 malaria vaccination IDOMAL:0000021 The administration of antigenic material from malaria pathogen to produce immunity to malaria. PT:PT An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-20T02:35:08Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000022 cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000022 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB A disease that can be transmitted from animals to people. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000023 zoonotic IDOMAL:0000023 A disease that can be transmitted from animals to people. MedicineNET.com:zoonotic The condition of a vertebrate host unable to develop a normal immune response usually because of malnutrition or immunosuppressive therapy or disease or other reasons. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000024 immunodeficiency IDOMAL:0000024 The condition of a vertebrate host unable to develop a normal immune response usually because of malnutrition or immunosuppressive therapy or disease or other reasons. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000025 RTS,S/AS02(A) is a pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate based on Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP). Ioana 2009-12-17T02:49:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000026 RTS,S/AS02(A) IDOMAL:0000026 RTS,S/AS02(A) is a pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate based on Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP). IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000027 A resistance to drug that mitigates the damaging effects of an antibiotic. IDO:0000581 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000028 antibiotic resistance IDOMAL:0000028 A resistance to drug that mitigates the damaging effects of an antibiotic. IDO:581 The quality of forms of malaria that are different from the epidemiological point of view. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000029 epidemiological type of malaria IDOMAL:0000029 The quality of forms of malaria that are different from the epidemiological point of view. KL:KL The ability to enter into a living body. ISBN:034057190X idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000030 invasiveness IDOMAL:0000030 The ability to enter into a living body. PT:PT ISBN:034057190X Essential Malariology The pathogen is normally present in the host body. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000031 endogenous IDOMAL:0000031 The pathogen is normally present in the host body. PT:PT A toll-like receptor that is a translation product of the TLR2 gene. Ioana 2009-12-16T04:46:40Z TLR2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000032 toll like receptor 2 IDOMAL:0000032 A toll-like receptor that is a translation product of the TLR2 gene. PRO:000001153 The term morbidity refers to either the incidence rate, or the prevalence of malaria. This measure of sickness is contrasted with the mortality rate, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000033 morbidity of malaria IDOMAL:0000033 The term morbidity refers to either the incidence rate, or the prevalence of malaria. This measure of sickness is contrasted with the mortality rate, which is the proportion of people dying during a given time interval. KL:KL A toll-like receptor that is a translation product of the TLR9 gene. Ioana 2009-12-16T04:51:41Z TLR9 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000034 toll like receptor 9 IDOMAL:0000034 A toll-like receptor that is a translation product of the TLR9 gene. PRO:000001160 Scavenger receptors recognize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation or acetylation, as well as other various ligands. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:04:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000035 scavenger receptor IDOMAL:0000035 Scavenger receptors recognize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation or acetylation, as well as other various ligands. IB:IB FMP2.1/AS02(A) is a recombinant E. coli-expressed protein based upon the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of the 3D7 clone formulated with the AS02A adjuvant. Ioana 2009-12-17T02:52:59Z VO:0000777 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000036 FMP1/AS02(A ) IDOMAL:0000036 FMP2.1/AS02(A) is a recombinant E. coli-expressed protein based upon the apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of the 3D7 clone formulated with the AS02A adjuvant. VO:0000777 true IDOMAL:0000037 An immune response against parasites mediated through a body fluid. One example of antiparasitic humoral response is the secretion of antiparasitic antibodies produced by the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. guest 2009-11-20T02:40:24Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000038 antiparasitic humoral response IDOMAL:0000038 An immune response against parasites mediated through a body fluid. One example of antiparasitic humoral response is the secretion of antiparasitic antibodies produced by the cells of the B lymphocyte lineage. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000039 A virulence factor is a molecule produced by a pathogen that specifically causes disease, or that influences the host's function to allow the pathogen to thrive. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000040 Role played by a portion of substance to promote virulencennmagnitudendegree of pathogenesis. virulence factor IDOMAL:0000040 A virulence factor is a molecule produced by a pathogen that specifically causes disease, or that influences the host's function to allow the pathogen to thrive. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000041 An enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid, found in lysosomes. hyaluronidase 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000042 invasin IDOMAL:0000042 An enzyme that degrades hyaluronic acid, found in lysosomes. KL:KL A toxin is a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000043 toxin IDOMAL:0000043 A toxin is a poisonous substance produced by living cells or organisms. Wikipedia:toxin A toxin that is associated with certain bacteria. Classically, an "endotoxin" is a toxin that, unlike an "exotoxin", is not secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, but is a structural component in the bacteria which is released mainly when bacteria are lysed. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000044 endotoxin IDOMAL:0000044 A toxin that is associated with certain bacteria. Classically, an "endotoxin" is a toxin that, unlike an "exotoxin", is not secreted in soluble form by live bacteria, but is a structural component in the bacteria which is released mainly when bacteria are lysed. KL:KL An exotoxin is a toxin excreted by a microrganism, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000045 exotoxin IDOMAL:0000045 An exotoxin is a toxin excreted by a microrganism, including bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Wikipedia:exotoxin true IDOMAL:0000046 The therapeutic process for malaria. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000047 treatment of malaria IDOMAL:0000047 The therapeutic process for malaria. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000048 A procedure used for the diagnosis of malaria, including the precise pathogen causing the disease. louis 2008-05-13T08:10:31Z idomal_namespace diagnostic procedure of infectious disease IDOMAL:0000049 diagnostic procedure of malaria IDOMAL:0000049 A procedure used for the diagnosis of malaria, including the precise pathogen causing the disease. KL:KL The use of antimalarial drugs to kill Plasmodium parasites and, therefore, cure malaria. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000050 chemotherapy of malaria IDOMAL:0000050 The use of antimalarial drugs to kill Plasmodium parasites and, therefore, cure malaria. KL:KL Therapeutic measures taken, in addition to chemotherapy, to improve the condition of, and cure a malaria patient. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000051 ancillary treatment of malaria IDOMAL:0000051 Therapeutic measures taken, in addition to chemotherapy, to improve the condition of, and cure a malaria patient. KL:KL A class of alkaloids originally extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Usually used for the treatment of acute infection (schizontocidal effect), with mefloquine also used for prophylaxis. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000052 arylaminoalcohol IDOMAL:0000052 A class of alkaloids originally extracted from the bark of the Cinchona tree. Usually used for the treatment of acute infection (schizontocidal effect), with mefloquine also used for prophylaxis. KL:KL A factor mediating colonization. idomal_namespace <new synonym> IDOMAL:0000053 Role played by portion of physical substance which promotes colonization. colonization factor IDOMAL:0000053 A factor mediating colonization. KL:KL A factor mediating cell to cell or cell to tissue adhesion. idomal_namespace adhesin adhesin factor IDOMAL:0000054 Role played by portion of physical substance utilized by an organism in order to establish adherence to a surface in a host. adhesion factor IDOMAL:0000054 A factor mediating cell to cell or cell to tissue adhesion. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000055 A person or other organism that has contracted an infectious disease, but who displays no symptoms. Although unaffected by the disease themselves, carriers can transmit it to others. Asymptomatic carrier idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000056 carrier IDOMAL:0000056 A person or other organism that has contracted an infectious disease, but who displays no symptoms. Although unaffected by the disease themselves, carriers can transmit it to others. Wikipedia:Asymptomaticcarrier A carrier who harbors and transmits an infectious agent for an indefinite period. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000057 chronic carrier IDOMAL:0000057 A carrier who harbors and transmits an infectious agent for an indefinite period. PT:PT A role borne by a material entity by virtue of the fact that it is a habitat in which an infectious agent is persisting and multiplying and from which the infectious agent can be transmitted. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000058 Holding place for a potential pathogen. Animate or inanimate. reservoir IDOMAL:0000058 A role borne by a material entity by virtue of the fact that it is a habitat in which an infectious agent is persisting and multiplying and from which the infectious agent can be transmitted. IDO:424 Combinations of two or more blood schizontocidal drugs, simultaneously used, with independent modes of action and different biochemical targets in the parasite. louis 2010-03-31T08:15:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000059 antimalarial drug combination IDOMAL:0000059 Combinations of two or more blood schizontocidal drugs, simultaneously used, with independent modes of action and different biochemical targets in the parasite. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000060 A change in the morphology and behaviour of a conventional dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:39:08Z conventional DC activation during immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000061 conventional dendritic cell activation during immune response IDOMAL:0000061 A change in the morphology and behaviour of a conventional dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000062 A role borne by an object in virtue of the fact that it is sufficiently close to an organism towards which it has the pathogenic disposition to allow processes resulting in disorder to occur. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000063 pathogen IDOMAL:0000063 A role borne by an object in virtue of the fact that it is sufficiently close to an organism towards which it has the pathogenic disposition to allow processes resulting in disorder to occur. IDO:405 true IDOMAL:0000064 true IDOMAL:0000065 An infectious microorganism, often a bacterium, that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause additional complications, especially during the course of severe malaria (e.g. pneumonia, etc.). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000066 secondary pathogen IDOMAL:0000066 An infectious microorganism, often a bacterium, that is normally a commensal or does not harm its host but can cause additional complications, especially during the course of severe malaria (e.g. pneumonia, etc.). KL:KL CD4 is a monomeric membrane glycoprotein consisting off four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, one hydrophobic transmembrane region and one cytoplasmic tail. CD4 is a co-receptor and associates with the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:54:27Z CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte receptor complex CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell receptor complex CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte receptor complex idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000067 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor complex IDOMAL:0000067 CD4 is a monomeric membrane glycoprotein consisting off four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, one hydrophobic transmembrane region and one cytoplasmic tail. CD4 is a co-receptor and associates with the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. Kuby:Immunology43 Wikipedia:Tcellreceptor CD8 is either composed of disulfide-linked alpha and beta chain heterodimer or two alpha chain homodimer. Each chain consists of one immunoglobulin-like region, one hydrophobic transmembrane region and one cytoplasmic tail. CD8 is a co-receptor and associates with the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. Ioana 2009-12-16T05:54:27Z CD8-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte receptor complex CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-cell receptor complex CD8-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte receptor complex idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000068 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor complex IDOMAL:0000068 CD8 is either composed of disulfide-linked alpha and beta chain heterodimer or two alpha chain homodimer. Each chain consists of one immunoglobulin-like region, one hydrophobic transmembrane region and one cytoplasmic tail. CD8 is a co-receptor and associates with the alpha-beta T cell receptor complex. Kuby:Immunology4e An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a gamma-delta T cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-20T03:04:40Z gamma-delta T lymphocyte mediated immune response gamma-delta T-cell mediated immune response gamma-delta T-lymphocyte mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000069 gamma-delta T cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000069 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a gamma-delta T cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB The beginning of malaria through the introduction of Plasmodium into the body of an individual. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000070 initiation of infection true IDOMAL:0000070 The beginning of malaria through the introduction of Plasmodium into the body of an individual. KL:KL The disruption of the body surface in malaria transmission, either through a mosquito bite or in a case of iatrogenic transmission. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000071 disruption of body surface true IDOMAL:0000071 The disruption of the body surface in malaria transmission, either through a mosquito bite or in a case of iatrogenic transmission. KL:KL Any process that includes interactions between a parasite and its host. Ioana 2009-12-16T06:20:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000072 pathogen-host interaction IDOMAL:0000072 Any process that includes interactions between a parasite and its host. KL:KL idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000073 Create cross products for "host" and "pathogen" that will be part of this process. Plasmodium adherence to host cell true IDOMAL:0000073 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000074 nonspecific adherence true IDOMAL:0000074 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000075 specific adherence true IDOMAL:0000075 true IDOMAL:0000076 true IDOMAL:0000077 Cytolysis of target cells through release of cytokines by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells. guest 2009-11-20T03:04:40Z ADCC idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000078 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic response IDOMAL:0000078 Cytolysis of target cells through release of cytokines by natural killer cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells or macrophages following engagement of antibodies bound to the target cells by Fc receptors on the effector cells. IB:IB The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to parasite and other particulate matter, based on recognition of factors such as parasitical components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors, leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell. guest 2009-11-20T03:11:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000079 phagocytosis, recognition IDOMAL:0000079 The initial step in phagocytosis involving adhesion to parasite and other particulate matter, based on recognition of factors such as parasitical components, opsonins like complement and antibody or protein receptors, leading to intracellular signaling in the phagocytosing cell. IB:IB Any process that includes interactions between a parasite and its vector. Ioana 2009-12-16T06:20:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000080 pathogen-vector interaction IDOMAL:0000080 Any process that includes interactions between a parasite and its vector. KL:KL Processes during phagocytosis, resulting in the killing of the ingested parasite, and/or parasite components. guest 2009-11-20T03:11:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000081 phagocytosis, killing of parasite IDOMAL:0000081 Processes during phagocytosis, resulting in the killing of the ingested parasite, and/or parasite components. IB:IB The process by which an infectious agent passes from one organism to another organism. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000082 malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000082 The process by which an infectious agent passes from one organism to another organism. Wikipedia:Transmission The process by which a complement receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:15:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000083 complement receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000083 The process by which a complement receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The process of entry of a Plasmodium parasite into a host cell. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000084 Plasmodium penetration of host cell IDOMAL:0000084 The process of entry of a Plasmodium parasite into a host cell. KL:KL The enclosure of a foreign body or cell by a cellular component of the immune system. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000085 engulfment true IDOMAL:0000085 The enclosure of a foreign body or cell by a cellular component of the immune system. KL:KL The first steps in the process of the penetration of the host cell during which a Plasmodium organism fuses with the membrane of an invertebrate host's cell. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000086 fusion with invertebrate host cell membrane IDOMAL:0000086 The first steps in the process of the penetration of the host cell during which a Plasmodium organism fuses with the membrane of an invertebrate host's cell. KL:KL idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000087 membrane invagination true IDOMAL:0000087 The process of a Plasmodium organism penetrating and passing through an invertebrate host cell membrane. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000088 passage through invertebrate host cell membrane IDOMAL:0000088 The process of a Plasmodium organism penetrating and passing through an invertebrate host cell membrane. KL:KL The engulfment of a foreign body or cell by a cell other than a phagocyte. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000089 engulfment by nonphagocyte true IDOMAL:0000089 The engulfment of a foreign body or cell by a cell other than a phagocyte. KL:KL The engulfment of a foreign body or cell by a phagocyte. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000090 engulfment by phagocyte true IDOMAL:0000090 The engulfment of a foreign body or cell by a phagocyte. KL:KL All clinical features of malaria from infection to cure or death. louis 2008-09-09T12:17:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000091 progression of malaria IDOMAL:0000091 All clinical features of malaria from infection to cure or death. KL:KL A condition mostly relating to the human host. louis 2009-06-30T02:15:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000093 condition of human host IDOMAL:0000093 A condition mostly relating to the human host. KL:KL The ability of a pathogen to evade the immune response of the vector. louis 2008-09-09T12:40:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000094 evasion of vector immune response IDOMAL:0000094 The ability of a pathogen to evade the immune response of the vector. KL:KL The ability of a pathogen to evade the immune response of the host. louis 2008-09-09T12:41:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000095 evasion of host immune response IDOMAL:0000095 The ability of a pathogen to evade the immune response of the host. KL:KL Any process linked to Plasmodium multiplying in a host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000096 Plasmodium spread through host IDOMAL:0000096 Any process linked to Plasmodium multiplying in a host. KL:KL The process by which a scavenger receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:15:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000097 scavenger receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000097 The process by which a scavenger receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The process by which a Fc receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:15:49Z FcR recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000098 Fc receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000098 The process by which a Fc receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB Any process, either passive or active, by which Plasmodium avoids the effects of the host or vector immune response. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000099 Plasmodium evasion of immune response IDOMAL:0000099 Any process, either passive or active, by which Plasmodium avoids the effects of the host or vector immune response. IB:IB The appearance of more than one case of malaria in an area from which, at that time, the disease is absent. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000100 The process by which an infectious disease establishes itself in a new population (or at a sufficiently higher rate? Higher prevalence and/or higher incidence). emergence of malaria IDOMAL:0000100 The appearance of more than one case of malaria in an area from which, at that time, the disease is absent. KL:KL The process through which malaria spreads from one initial patient to one or more individuals. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000101 spread of malaria IDOMAL:0000101 The process through which malaria spreads from one initial patient to one or more individuals. KL:KL Outbreak is a classification used in epidemiology to describe a small, localized group of people or organisms infected with a disease. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000102 outbreak IDOMAL:0000102 Outbreak is a classification used in epidemiology to describe a small, localized group of people or organisms infected with a disease. KL:KL A condition relating to any species of Plasmodium parasites causing malaria. louis 2009-06-30T02:15:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000103 condition of malaria parasite IDOMAL:0000103 A condition relating to any species of Plasmodium parasites causing malaria. KL:KL The process by which a complement receptor 1 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:16:05Z CR1 recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000104 complement receptor 1 recognition IDOMAL:0000104 The process by which a complement receptor 1 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB A process that increases a populations reaction to an infection. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000105 immunization of population IDOMAL:0000105 A process that increases a populations reaction to an infection. KL:KL Any process that includes interactions between a pathogen host and the pathogen's vector. Ioana 2009-12-16T06:20:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000106 vector-host interaction IDOMAL:0000106 Any process that includes interactions between a pathogen host and the pathogen's vector. KL:KL The process by which CD36 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:19:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000107 CD36 recognition IDOMAL:0000107 The process by which CD36 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function. Ioana 2009-12-17T10:37:20Z regulation idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000108 biological regulation of human host IDOMAL:0000108 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of any biological process, quality or function. IDOMAL:0000108 The course of developmental changes through which an Plasmodium organism passes from its inception as a fertilized zygote to the stages that can produce another zygote. . louis 2008-01-21T01:55:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000109 Plasmodium life cycle IDOMAL:0000109 The course of developmental changes through which an Plasmodium organism passes from its inception as a fertilized zygote to the stages that can produce another zygote. . KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000110 true IDOMAL:0000111 true IDOMAL:0000112 The process of Plasmodium that leads to alteingr the antigens on the outer surface. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000113 phase variation IDOMAL:0000113 The process of Plasmodium that leads to alteingr the antigens on the outer surface. KL:KL Genetic variability is a measure of the tendency of individual genotypes in a population to vary from one another. genetic diversification idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000114 genetic variability IDOMAL:0000114 Genetic variability is a measure of the tendency of individual genotypes in a population to vary from one another. Wikipedia:geneticvariability A malaria vaccine that protects against malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Ioana 2009-12-17T02:27:23Z VO:0000087 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000115 plasmodium falciparum vaccine IDOMAL:0000115 A malaria vaccine that protects against malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. VO:0000087 Spread of malaria across a population beyond what is characterized as endemic. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000116 epidemic malaria IDOMAL:0000116 Spread of malaria across a population beyond what is characterized as endemic. KL:KL The process of phagocytosis during an adaptive immune response. Ioana 2009-12-17T11:04:39Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000117 phagocytosis during adaptive immune response IDOMAL:0000117 The process of phagocytosis during an adaptive immune response. IB:IB The administration of antigenic material (the vaccine) to members of a population to produce immunity to a disease in that population. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000118 vaccination of population IDOMAL:0000118 The administration of antigenic material (the vaccine) to members of a population to produce immunity to a disease in that population. KL:KL Malaria prevention includes all methods used by a person to avoid from contracting malaria. This is of importance both for inhabitants of a malaria-endemic area and visitors to that area. louis 2008-01-24T10:00:00Z IDOMAL:0001226 idomal_namespace chemoprophylaxis of malaria IDOMAL:0000119 MERGED DEFINITION:TARGET DEFINITION: Malaria prevention includes all methods used by a person to avoid from contracting malaria. This is of importance both for inhabitants of a malaria-endemic area and visitors to that area. SOURCE DEFINITION: Administration of antimalarial drugs with the purpose of preventing infection. malaria prevention in individuals IDOMAL:0000119 Malaria prevention includes all methods used by a person to avoid from contracting malaria. This is of importance both for inhabitants of a malaria-endemic area and visitors to that area. KL:KL A one-celled eukaryote. That implies that protozoa are unicellular microbes whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals -- mobility and heterotrophy. louis 2007-12-14T08:11:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000120 protozoon IDOMAL:0000120 A one-celled eukaryote. That implies that protozoa are unicellular microbes whose cells have membrane-bound nuclei that commonly show characteristics usually associated with animals -- mobility and heterotrophy. Wikipedia:protozoa The process by which a scavenger receptor class B in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:26:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000121 scavenger receptor class B recognition IDOMAL:0000121 The process by which a scavenger receptor class B in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The use of antimalarial drugs for the prevention of infection. louis 2008-01-24T10:04:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000122 chemoprophylaxis IDOMAL:0000122 The use of antimalarial drugs for the prevention of infection. KL:KL The process by which a Fc-gamma receptor I in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-20T03:42:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000123 Fc-gamma receptor I recognition IDOMAL:0000123 The process by which a Fc-gamma receptor I in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The process of phagocytosis during an innate immune response. Ioana 2009-12-17T11:06:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000124 phagocytosis during innate immune response IDOMAL:0000124 The process of phagocytosis during an innate immune response. IB:IB The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists, characterized by the presence of a unique organelle called an apical complex. They are unicellular, spore-forming, and exclusively parasites of animals. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are absent except in certain gamete stages. louis 2007-12-14T11:16:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000125 apicomplexa IDOMAL:0000125 The Apicomplexa are a large group of protists, characterized by the presence of a unique organelle called an apical complex. They are unicellular, spore-forming, and exclusively parasites of animals. Motile structures such as flagella or pseudopods are absent except in certain gamete stages. Wikipedia:apicomplexa Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa (Phylum: Apicomplexa; Class: Aconoidasida; Order: Haemosporida; Family: Plasmodiidae). Infection with this genus is called malaria. louis 2007-12-14T11:19:00Z Malaria parasite idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000126 Plasmodium IDOMAL:0000126 Plasmodium is a genus of parasitic protozoa (Phylum: Apicomplexa; Class: Aconoidasida; Order: Haemosporida; Family: Plasmodiidae). Infection with this genus is called malaria. KL:KL A subgenus containing all species infecting monkeys and higher primates with the exception of P. falciparum and P. reichenowi. louis 2007-12-14T11:28:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000127 subgenus Plasmodium IDOMAL:0000127 A subgenus containing all species infecting monkeys and higher primates with the exception of P. falciparum and P. reichenowi. KL:KL A subgenus containing P. falciparum and P. reichenowi, species infecting monkeys and higher primates. louis 2007-12-14T11:32:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000128 subgenus Laverania IDOMAL:0000128 A subgenus containing P. falciparum and P. reichenowi, species infecting monkeys and higher primates. ido:1 A human parasite causing the malignant form of tertian (pernicious or malignant ) malaria, found in all continents. louis 2007-12-14T11:34:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000129 Plasmodium falciparum IDOMAL:0000129 A human parasite causing the malignant form of tertian (pernicious or malignant ) malaria, found in all continents. KL:KL An African Chimpanzee parasite. louis 2007-12-14T11:36:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000130 Plasmodium reichenowi IDOMAL:0000130 An African Chimpanzee parasite. KL:KL A human parasite causing the less frequent form of benign (ovale) tertian malaria. P. ovale may also infect chimpanzees. louis 2007-12-14T11:40:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000131 Plasmodium ovale IDOMAL:0000131 A human parasite causing the less frequent form of benign (ovale) tertian malaria. P. ovale may also infect chimpanzees. KL:KL A human parasite causing the most frequent form of benign (simple) tertian malaria. P. viax may also infect chimpanzees and orangutans. louis 2007-12-14T11:42:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000132 Plasmodium vivax IDOMAL:0000132 A human parasite causing the most frequent form of benign (simple) tertian malaria. P. viax may also infect chimpanzees and orangutans. KL:KL A human parasite causing quartan malaria. louis 2007-12-14T11:43:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000133 Plasmodium malariae IDOMAL:0000133 A human parasite causing quartan malaria. KL:KL The non-immune population, excluding immigrants. louis 2008-01-24T10:45:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000134 non-immune indigenous population IDOMAL:0000134 The non-immune population, excluding immigrants. KL:KL A malaria vaccine that comprises recombinant Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) blood-stage proteins MSP1, MSP2 and RESA, formulated with the adjuvant Montanide ISA 720. Ioana 2009-12-17T02:55:59Z VO:0000740 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000135 P. falciparum vaccine Combination B IDOMAL:0000135 A malaria vaccine that comprises recombinant Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) blood-stage proteins MSP1, MSP2 and RESA, formulated with the adjuvant Montanide ISA 720. VO:0000740 true IDOMAL:0000136 Agglutination is the clumping of cells, parasites, or particles, which may or may not occur in the presence of antibodies. guest 2009-11-23T12:21:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000137 agglutination IDOMAL:0000137 Agglutination is the clumping of cells, parasites, or particles, which may or may not occur in the presence of antibodies. IB:IB The ability of antibodies to block the site(s) on parasites, that is being used for entering target cell and/or inhibiting cytoadherance during an immune response. guest 2009-11-23T12:21:01Z neutralisation during immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000138 neutralization during immune response IDOMAL:0000138 The ability of antibodies to block the site(s) on parasites, that is being used for entering target cell and/or inhibiting cytoadherance during an immune response. IB:IB ASO2 consists of an oil in water emulsion containing the immunostimulants monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21, a fraction of Quillaia saponaria. Ioana 2009-12-17T03:52:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000139 ASO2 IDOMAL:0000139 ASO2 consists of an oil in water emulsion containing the immunostimulants monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21, a fraction of Quillaia saponaria. PIMD:19091034 The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis, by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as an antibody or complement. guest 2009-11-23T02:04:31Z antibody dependent opsonization idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000140 antibody-dependent opsonization IDOMAL:0000140 The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis, by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as an antibody or complement. IB:IB It is a monomeric gamma globulin protein consisting of two gamma 1 heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. guest 2009-11-23T02:08:05Z IgG1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000141 immunoglobulin G1 IDOMAL:0000141 It is a monomeric gamma globulin protein consisting of two gamma 1 heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. IB:IB An antimalarial drug combination in which none of the components is artemesinin or one of its derivatrives. louis 2010-03-31T08:19:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000142 non-artemesinin based combination IDOMAL:0000142 An antimalarial drug combination in which none of the components is artemesinin or one of its derivatrives. KL:KL An antimalarial drug combination in which one of the components is artemisinin or one of its derivatives. louis 2010-03-31T08:19:05Z artemesinin-based combination idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000143 artemisinin-based combination IDOMAL:0000143 An antimalarial drug combination in which one of the components is artemisinin or one of its derivatives. KL:KL An artemisinin-based combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:23:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000144 artesunate and chloroquine combination IDOMAL:0000144 An artemisinin-based combination. KL:KL An artemisinin-based combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:23:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000145 artesunate and amodiaquine combination IDOMAL:0000145 An artemisinin-based combination. KL:KL An artemisinin-based combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:23:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000146 artesunate and mefloquine combination IDOMAL:0000146 An artemisinin-based combination. KL:KL The part of the life cycle in the mosquito host, that gives rise to infectious sporozoites. louis 2008-01-21T01:56:00Z mosquito stages exogenous sexual phase extrinsic incubation period idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000147 sporogony IDOMAL:0000147 The part of the life cycle in the mosquito host, that gives rise to infectious sporozoites. KL:KL A widely used artemisinin-based combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:23:22Z Coartem Lonart Riamet idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000148 artemether and lumefantrine combination IDOMAL:0000148 A widely used artemisinin-based combination. KL:KL The killing of the parasite, and/or parasite components, through lysosome dependent mechanisms. guest 2009-11-20T06:52:45Z oxygen independent killing idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000149 lysosome dependent killing IDOMAL:0000149 The killing of the parasite, and/or parasite components, through lysosome dependent mechanisms. IB:IB The killing of the parasite, and/or parasite components, through lysosome independent mechanisms. guest 2009-11-20T06:52:45Z oxygen dependent killing idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000150 lysosome independent killing IDOMAL:0000150 The killing of the parasite, and/or parasite components, through lysosome independent mechanisms. IB:IB An artemisinin-based combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:23:22Z artesunate and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000151 artesunate and sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine combination IDOMAL:0000151 An artemisinin-based combination. KL:KL Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic proteins. Most defensins function by binding to microbial cell membrane, and once embedded, forming pore-like membrane defects allowing efflux of essential ions and nutrients. Cells of the immune system contain these peptides to assist in killing phagocytized parasites. guest 2009-11-20T06:55:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000152 defensin IDOMAL:0000152 Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic proteins. Most defensins function by binding to microbial cell membrane, and once embedded, forming pore-like membrane defects allowing efflux of essential ions and nutrients. Cells of the immune system contain these peptides to assist in killing phagocytized parasites. IB:IB An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:40:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000153 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine IDOMAL:0000153 An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. KL:KL It is a protein encoded by the LYZ gene. guest 2009-11-20T06:55:10Z N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase muramidase idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000154 lysozyme IDOMAL:0000154 It is a protein encoded by the LYZ gene. Wikipedia:lysozyme An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:40:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000155 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus chloroquine IDOMAL:0000155 An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000156 The part of the life cycle spent in the vertebrate host. louis 2008-01-21T01:58:00Z endogenous asexual phase idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000157 schizogony IDOMAL:0000157 The part of the life cycle spent in the vertebrate host. KL:KL The sum of measures taken to prevent the spread of malaria; in its wider sense the term also encompasses the goal of dicreasing malaria morbidity leading, ultimately, to its eradication. louis 2008-01-21T02:02:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000158 malaria control IDOMAL:0000158 The sum of measures taken to prevent the spread of malaria; in its wider sense the term also encompasses the goal of dicreasing malaria morbidity leading, ultimately, to its eradication. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000159 true IDOMAL:0000160 Manifestation of malaria epidemic at altitudes in which the disease is usually absent from, or almost always unstable. louis 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000161 hill malaria IDOMAL:0000161 Manifestation of malaria epidemic at altitudes in which the disease is usually absent from, or almost always unstable. KL:KL Sharply defined summer epidemics of malaria in areas in which transmission is interrupted from late fall to early spring due to temperatures below the minimum needed. louis 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000162 subtropical seasonal malaria IDOMAL:0000162 Sharply defined summer epidemics of malaria in areas in which transmission is interrupted from late fall to early spring due to temperatures below the minimum needed. KL:KL Appearance of malaria in areas from which it is absent or in is seldom found, due to reasons such as movements of people, damage to water distribution, depletion of health services, loss of zzoprophylaxis through cattle, etc. louis 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000163 war and conflict malaria IDOMAL:0000163 Appearance of malaria in areas from which it is absent or in is seldom found, due to reasons such as movements of people, damage to water distribution, depletion of health services, loss of zzoprophylaxis through cattle, etc. KL:KL Malaria in urban and suburban areas due to the malfunctioning of water distribution system; often linked to increased urbanization going along with problematic sanitation. louis 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000164 urban malaria IDOMAL:0000164 Malaria in urban and suburban areas due to the malfunctioning of water distribution system; often linked to increased urbanization going along with problematic sanitation. KL:KL Appearance of local malaria epidemics die to the assembly of labour force (e.g. "developments" leading toi odified environment). louis 2008-01-21T02:19:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000165 malaria of development workers IDOMAL:0000165 Appearance of local malaria epidemics die to the assembly of labour force (e.g. "developments" leading toi odified environment). KL:KL An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:40:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000166 sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus mefloquine IDOMAL:0000166 An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. KL:KL Endemic type of malaria in areas in which, often, non-malarious localities are found; mostly fouund in the plains of South America, India, Sri Lanks and in South-east Asia, etc. Mostly zoophilic vectors usually transmit the disease. louis 2008-01-21T02:22:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000167 endemic malaria of high epidemic potential IDOMAL:0000167 Endemic type of malaria in areas in which, often, non-malarious localities are found; mostly fouund in the plains of South America, India, Sri Lanks and in South-east Asia, etc. Mostly zoophilic vectors usually transmit the disease. KL:KL Highly endemic type of malaria with a very low incidence of epidemics, except for special circumstances (eg major increase of mosquito breeding places). Mostly found in equatorial Africa, hills and foothills of India, etc. Highly anthropophilic vectors usually transmit the disease. louis 2008-01-21T02:22:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000168 endemic malaria of low epidemic potential IDOMAL:0000168 Highly endemic type of malaria with a very low incidence of epidemics, except for special circumstances (eg major increase of mosquito breeding places). Mostly found in equatorial Africa, hills and foothills of India, etc. Highly anthropophilic vectors usually transmit the disease. KL:KL The measures taken to reduce exposure of a population to vectors in order to reduce the spread of a vector-borne disease. louis 2008-01-21T02:53:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000169 malaria vector control IDOMAL:0000169 The measures taken to reduce exposure of a population to vectors in order to reduce the spread of a vector-borne disease. KL:KL The process of the maturation of gametocytes taking place inside the food bolus in the mosquito midgut. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000170 completion of gametogenesis IDOMAL:0000170 The process of the maturation of gametocytes taking place inside the food bolus in the mosquito midgut. KL:KL Fertilization of the female gamete by the male microgamete, occuring rapidly after gametogenesis and producing a zygote. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000171 fertilization (sensu Plasmodium) IDOMAL:0000171 Fertilization of the female gamete by the male microgamete, occuring rapidly after gametogenesis and producing a zygote. KL:KL Development of zygote into a banana-shaped and motile form. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000172 ookinete formation IDOMAL:0000172 Development of zygote into a banana-shaped and motile form. KL:KL The active migration of the ookinete out of the food bolus, through the periptrophic membrane and into the space surrounding the food bolus. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z traversion of PM traversion of peritrophic matrix idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000173 traversion of peritrophic membrane IDOMAL:0000173 The active migration of the ookinete out of the food bolus, through the periptrophic membrane and into the space surrounding the food bolus. KL:KL Active invasion of the epitelial cell of the midgut and exit from the cell. The exit can occur towards a neighboring cell or towards the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000174 invasion of epithelium IDOMAL:0000174 Active invasion of the epitelial cell of the midgut and exit from the cell. The exit can occur towards a neighboring cell or towards the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. KL:KL Attachment to basal lamina of the ookinete after exiting an epithelial cell. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000175 attachment to basal lamina IDOMAL:0000175 Attachment to basal lamina of the ookinete after exiting an epithelial cell. KL:KL Transformation of the ookinete into the rounded oocyst. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000176 oocyst formation IDOMAL:0000176 Transformation of the ookinete into the rounded oocyst. KL:KL Growth of the oocyst over the period of a 1-3 weeks to a size of tens to hundreds of microns. During this time, multiple nuclear divisions occur. After oocyst maturation is complete, the oocyst divides to form multiple haploid sporozoites. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000177 oocyst maturation IDOMAL:0000177 Growth of the oocyst over the period of a 1-3 weeks to a size of tens to hundreds of microns. During this time, multiple nuclear divisions occur. After oocyst maturation is complete, the oocyst divides to form multiple haploid sporozoites. KL:KL Rupture of mature oocyst and release into the haemocoel of thousands of immature sporozoites. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000178 rupture of oocyst IDOMAL:0000178 Rupture of mature oocyst and release into the haemocoel of thousands of immature sporozoites. KL:KL Migration of sporozoites from the site of oocyst rupture to the salivary gland. The sporozoites are surrounded by haemolymph. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000179 migration to salivary gland IDOMAL:0000179 Migration of sporozoites from the site of oocyst rupture to the salivary gland. The sporozoites are surrounded by haemolymph. KL:KL Not clearly described events leading to the traversion of the basal lamina and the epitheliam cells of the salivary gland by the sporozoite, which comes to rest in the female-specific parts of the lumen. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000180 invasion of salivary gland IDOMAL:0000180 Not clearly described events leading to the traversion of the basal lamina and the epitheliam cells of the salivary gland by the sporozoite, which comes to rest in the female-specific parts of the lumen. KL:KL Not further defined processes after reaaching the lumen of the salivary gland leading to the infective state of the sporozoite. louis 2008-01-22T10:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000181 maturation of sporozoite in salivary gland IDOMAL:0000181 Not further defined processes after reaaching the lumen of the salivary gland leading to the infective state of the sporozoite. KL:KL Female gamete maturation process entailing slight morphological changes, as it becomes enlarged and spherical. louis 2008-01-22T10:47:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000182 female gametogenesis IDOMAL:0000182 Female gamete maturation process entailing slight morphological changes, as it becomes enlarged and spherical. KL:KL Includes the male gamete's DNA three divisions to form eight nuclei. Concurrently, eight flagella are formed that are then shed (exflagellation). louis 2008-01-22T10:53:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000183 male gametogenesis IDOMAL:0000183 Includes the male gamete's DNA three divisions to form eight nuclei. Concurrently, eight flagella are formed that are then shed (exflagellation). KL:KL Pairing of each flagellum with a nucleus to form a microgamete, which separates from the parasite cell. louis 2008-01-22T10:55:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000184 exflagellation IDOMAL:0000184 Pairing of each flagellum with a nucleus to form a microgamete, which separates from the parasite cell. KL:KL The process during which the ookinete moves out of the food bolus, eventually coming to rest at the basal lamina rurrounding the midgut epithelium. louis 2008-01-22T11:01:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000185 invasion of mosquito midgut epithelium IDOMAL:0000185 The process during which the ookinete moves out of the food bolus, eventually coming to rest at the basal lamina rurrounding the midgut epithelium. KL:KL All processes from the time of rupture of the oocyst till the moment when the sporozoite has become infective and is located within the salivary gland. louis 2008-01-22T11:19:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000186 development of sporozoite IDOMAL:0000186 All processes from the time of rupture of the oocyst till the moment when the sporozoite has become infective and is located within the salivary gland. KL:KL Classical or normal transmission of malaria through the bite of an anopheline mosquito containing infective sporozoites in its saliva. The sporozoites have developed through the uptake of parasites with a previous bite that occurred at a time that spans the entire sporogonic development (extrinsic incubation period). louis 2008-01-22T11:43:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000187 mosquito-borne malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000187 Classical or normal transmission of malaria through the bite of an anopheline mosquito containing infective sporozoites in its saliva. The sporozoites have developed through the uptake of parasites with a previous bite that occurred at a time that spans the entire sporogonic development (extrinsic incubation period). KL:KL Transmission of malaria to patients due to medical interference, such as transmission by contaminated blood transfusion. louis 2008-01-22T11:46:00Z accidental transmission idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000188 iatrogenic malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000188 Transmission of malaria to patients due to medical interference, such as transmission by contaminated blood transfusion. KL:KL Historical iatrogenic transmission aiming at therapy of neurosyphilis or, in newer times, for the experimental trials of vaccines or drugs. louis 2008-01-22T11:51:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000189 deliberate malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000189 Historical iatrogenic transmission aiming at therapy of neurosyphilis or, in newer times, for the experimental trials of vaccines or drugs. KL:KL An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:40:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000190 tetracycline plus quinine IDOMAL:0000190 An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. KL:KL A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium falciparum. louis 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z Malignant malaria Malignant tertian malaria idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000191 falciparum malaria IDOMAL:0000191 A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium falciparum. KL:KL A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium vivax. louis 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z Benign tertian malaria Simple tertian malaria idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000192 vivax malaria IDOMAL:0000192 A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium vivax. KL:KL A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium ovale. louis 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z Benign tertian malaria Simple tertian malari idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000193 ovale malaria IDOMAL:0000193 A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium ovale. KL:KL A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium malariae. louis 2008-01-22T12:06:00Z idomal_namespace Malariae malaria IDOMAL:0000194 quartan malaria IDOMAL:0000194 A form of malaria caused by an infection with Plasmodium malariae. KL:KL Malariae malaria KL:KL Very rare zoonotic or accidental infections of humans with any of, at least, six species of simian malaria parasites. louis 2008-01-22T12:20:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000195 monkey malaria IDOMAL:0000195 Very rare zoonotic or accidental infections of humans with any of, at least, six species of simian malaria parasites. ISBN034057190X:page45 The term includes immigrant members of populations in disease-endemic areas who have not yet acquired protective immunity against the disease. louis 2008-01-24T10:45:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000196 non-immune immigrant IDOMAL:0000196 The term includes immigrant members of populations in disease-endemic areas who have not yet acquired protective immunity against the disease. KL:KL Immigrant worker living for a short or longer period in an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. louis 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000197 non-immune immigrant worker IDOMAL:0000197 Immigrant worker living for a short or longer period in an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. KL:KL Military personnel of a foreign army (regular army or guerilla) arriving to an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. louis 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000198 non-immune military personnel IDOMAL:0000198 Military personnel of a foreign army (regular army or guerilla) arriving to an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. kl:KL Non-immune game warden transferred for a short or longer period to an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. louis 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000199 non-immune game warden IDOMAL:0000199 Non-immune game warden transferred for a short or longer period to an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. KL:newKL Member of a refugee population (including economic, war and political unrest) arriving, voluntarily or not, to a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. louis 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000200 non-immune refugee IDOMAL:0000200 Member of a refugee population (including economic, war and political unrest) arriving, voluntarily or not, to a malarious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. KL:KL Traveller visiting or residing an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. louis 2008-01-24T02:35:00Z tourist non-immune tourist idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000201 non-immune traveller IDOMAL:0000201 Traveller visiting or residing an infectious area and in need of chemoprophylaxis. KL:KL A role borne by an antiparasitic chemical compound in virtue of the fact that is has antiparasitic disposition and it is applied to an anatomical entity of a living organism to treat (or to provide prophylaxis) from malaria. louis 2008-01-24T02:51:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000202 antimalarial drug role IDOMAL:0000202 A role borne by an antiparasitic chemical compound in virtue of the fact that is has antiparasitic disposition and it is applied to an anatomical entity of a living organism to treat (or to provide prophylaxis) from malaria. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000203 A group of blood schizontocides thought to act by being concentrated in the parasite's lysozyme, inhibiting the polymerization of haemin into haemozoin. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000204 4-aminoquinoline IDOMAL:0000204 A group of blood schizontocides thought to act by being concentrated in the parasite's lysozyme, inhibiting the polymerization of haemin into haemozoin. KL:KL A group of drugs containing a sulfonyl functional group attached to two carbon atoms; they are characterized as type 1 antifolate drugs. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000205 sulfone IDOMAL:0000205 A group of drugs containing a sulfonyl functional group attached to two carbon atoms; they are characterized as type 1 antifolate drugs. KL:KL A synthetic antimicrobial drug. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000206 sulfonamide IDOMAL:0000206 A synthetic antimicrobial drug. KL:KL A group of antimalarials, known as type 2 antifolate drugs due to the specific inhibition of DHF reductase. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z type 2 antifolate drug idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000207 biguanide IDOMAL:0000207 A group of antimalarials, known as type 2 antifolate drugs due to the specific inhibition of DHF reductase. KL:KL Drugs thought to be particularly active against hypnozoites and gametocytes, believed to be converted to quinone active metabolites in the liver. Used as an anti-relapse drug for vivax and ovale malaria. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000208 8-aminoquinoline IDOMAL:0000208 Drugs thought to be particularly active against hypnozoites and gametocytes, believed to be converted to quinone active metabolites in the liver. Used as an anti-relapse drug for vivax and ovale malaria. KL:KL Any of a group of related broad-spectrum antibiotics, isolated from species of Streptomyces or produced semisynthetically. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000209 A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics, derivatives of poly cyclic naphthacene carboxamide. They have a marked action on blood stages acting as inhibitors of ribosomal protein synthesis. tetracycline antibiotic IDOMAL:0000209 Any of a group of related broad-spectrum antibiotics, isolated from species of Streptomyces or produced semisynthetically. Dorland'sMedicalDictionaryforHealthConsumers:0 A group of natural drugs derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua and their synthetic or semi-synthetic analogues. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000210 peroxide antimalarial drug IDOMAL:0000210 A group of natural drugs derived from the Chinese medicinal plant Artemisia annua and their synthetic or semi-synthetic analogues. KL:KL Slow acting drug acting on the electron transport chain of the malarial mitochondrion. louis 2008-01-24T03:18:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000211 naphthoquinone IDOMAL:0000211 Slow acting drug acting on the electron transport chain of the malarial mitochondrion. KL:KL Any non-laboratory-assisted process that leads to the presumptive diagnosis of disease. louis 2008-05-13T08:14:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000212 clinical examination IDOMAL:0000212 Any non-laboratory-assisted process that leads to the presumptive diagnosis of disease. KL:KL A routine procedure leading to the identification of parasites in the blood of patients. The method consists of spreading a film of fresh blood on a slide, and examining it with a microscope after staining. louis 2008-05-13T08:19:03Z blood film examination thick film examination idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000213 microscopic blood examination IDOMAL:0000213 A routine procedure leading to the identification of parasites in the blood of patients. The method consists of spreading a film of fresh blood on a slide, and examining it with a microscope after staining. KL:KL The preparation of a slide covered with fresh blood and then stained with Giemsa or Field's stain in order to be viewed under the microscope. louis 2008-05-13T08:23:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000214 preparation of blood films IDOMAL:0000214 The preparation of a slide covered with fresh blood and then stained with Giemsa or Field's stain in order to be viewed under the microscope. KL:KL The examination of the blood film under the microscope leading to a semi-quantitative assessment of parasites present (parasite count). Based on characteristics of observed parasites a diagnosis of parasite species can be achieved. louis 2008-05-13T08:31:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000215 examination of blood films IDOMAL:0000215 The examination of the blood film under the microscope leading to a semi-quantitative assessment of parasites present (parasite count). Based on characteristics of observed parasites a diagnosis of parasite species can be achieved. KL:KL A diagnostic method based on the use of antibodies, either purified or as an immune serum, that aims at detecting, directly or indirectly, Plasmodium-specific antigens. louis 2008-05-14T07:43:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000216 immunological method IDOMAL:0000216 A diagnostic method based on the use of antibodies, either purified or as an immune serum, that aims at detecting, directly or indirectly, Plasmodium-specific antigens. KL:KL A method showing the presence of malarial antibodies (from past or present infections) in patient blood. louis 2008-05-14T07:46:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000217 serological method IDOMAL:0000217 A method showing the presence of malarial antibodies (from past or present infections) in patient blood. KL:KL A method devised to detect a malarial antigen and, thus, infection. louis 2008-05-14T07:46:25Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000218 malarial antigen detection IDOMAL:0000218 A method devised to detect a malarial antigen and, thus, infection. KL:KL Anyk method using an antibody to detect the presence, in the blood, of the pLDH antigen, present throughout the erythrocytic cycle. louis 2008-05-14T07:47:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000219 pLDH detection method IDOMAL:0000219 Anyk method using an antibody to detect the presence, in the blood, of the pLDH antigen, present throughout the erythrocytic cycle. KL:KL A dipstick method using a monoclonal antibody to detect the presence, in the blood, of the PfHRP-2 antigen, present throughout the erythrocytic cycle. louis 2008-05-14T07:48:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000220 HRP-2 detection method IDOMAL:0000220 A dipstick method using a monoclonal antibody to detect the presence, in the blood, of the PfHRP-2 antigen, present throughout the erythrocytic cycle. KL:KL A routine method that detects species-specific malarial parasite antigens in the blood using fluorescent microscopy. Commercial IFAT slides are available from several manufacturers. louis 2008-05-14T07:55:14Z idomal_namespace IFAT IDOMAL:0000221 indirect fluorescent antibody test IDOMAL:0000221 A routine method that detects species-specific malarial parasite antigens in the blood using fluorescent microscopy. Commercial IFAT slides are available from several manufacturers. KL:KL IFAT KL:KL A method using a soluble malarial antigen to detect infection, performed in microtitre plates and, thus, enabling a large number of samples to be processed. louis 2008-05-14T08:00:40Z ELISA idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000222 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IDOMAL:0000222 A method using a soluble malarial antigen to detect infection, performed in microtitre plates and, thus, enabling a large number of samples to be processed. KL:KL A method based on molecular biological techniques aimed at detecting DNA or RNA sequences specific for malaria parasites in the blood of a patient. louis 2008-05-14T08:06:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000223 molecular method IDOMAL:0000223 A method based on molecular biological techniques aimed at detecting DNA or RNA sequences specific for malaria parasites in the blood of a patient. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000224 true IDOMAL:0000225 An 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug. louis 2008-05-15T08:05:38Z Neo-Quipenyl idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000226 One of the few drugs killing hypnozoites and,therefore, particularly good for the radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria. All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. primaquine IDOMAL:0000226 An 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug. KL:KL An 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug. louis 2008-05-15T08:05:38Z Etaquine WR-238605 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000227 One of the few drugs killing hypnozoites and,therefore, particularly good for the radical cure of vivax and ovale malaria. About ten times more active than primaquine. tafenoquine IDOMAL:0000227 An 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug. KL:KL A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. louis 2008-05-15T08:16:34Z Achromycin Cyclomycin Polycycline Tetracyn idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000228 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. tetracycline IDOMAL:0000228 A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0 KL:KL A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. louis 2008-05-15T08:16:34Z Biociclina Doxacin Nordox Vibramycin Vibramycin-D idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000229 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. doxycycline IDOMAL:0000229 A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. KL:KL A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. louis 2008-05-15T08:16:34Z idomal_namespace Cleocin IDOMAL:0000230 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. clindamycin IDOMAL:0000230 A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. KL:KL A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. louis 2008-05-15T08:25:04Z Lincocin idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000231 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. lincomycin IDOMAL:0000231 A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. KL:KL A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. louis 2008-05-15T08:25:04Z Minocin idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000232 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. Additional brand names may be available worldwide. minocycline IDOMAL:0000232 A tetracycline broad spectrum antibiotic. KL:KL MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Oldest available antimalarial drug. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A cinchona alkaloid that is cinchonidine in which the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring is substituted by methoxy. louis 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z IDOMAL:6000025 (9R)-6'-methoxy-8alpha-cinchonan-9-ol Adaquin Adquin Bichnine Biquin Biquinate Chinine Coquelusedal Dentogel Grisotets Kinin Kinine Myoquin Quifile Quinamm Quinate Quinbisul Quindan Quine Quinimax Quinine Quinoctal Quinoforme Quinsan quinine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000233 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. quinine IDOMAL:0000233 MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Oldest available antimalarial drug. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A cinchona alkaloid that is cinchonidine in which the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring is substituted by methoxy. KL:KL An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Also used as a prophylactic. louis 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z Lariam idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000234 mefloquine IDOMAL:0000234 An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Also used as a prophylactic. KL:KL A synthetic arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. louis 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z Halfan idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000235 halofantrine IDOMAL:0000235 A synthetic arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. KL:KL MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. louis 2008-05-15T08:27:58Z IDOMAL:6000024 (9S)-6'-methoxycinchonan-9-ol Quinidine quinidine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000236 quinidine IDOMAL:0000236 MERGED DEFINITION: TARGET DEFINITION: An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. -------------------- SOURCE DEFINITION: A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy. KL:KL A drug of the class of biguanides. louis 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z Balusil Bigumal Chlorguanide Chloriguane Diguanyl Drinupal Guanatol Lepadina Paludrine Paludrinol Palusil Plasin Proguanide Tirian idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000237 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. proguanil IDOMAL:0000237 A drug of the class of biguanides. KL:KL A drug of the class of biguanides. louis 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000238 chlorproguanil IDOMAL:0000238 A drug of the class of biguanides. KL:KL A drug of the class of biguanides. louis 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z Lapudrine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000239 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. cycloguanil IDOMAL:0000239 A drug of the class of biguanides. KL:KL A drug of the class of biguanides. louis 2008-05-15T02:14:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000240 chlorcycloguanil IDOMAL:0000240 A drug of the class of biguanides. KL:KL A drug of the class of biguanides. louis 2008-05-15T02:43:55Z Chloridin Darapram Erbaprelina Malocide Pirimecidan Tindurin daraprim idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000241 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. pyrimethamine IDOMAL:0000241 A drug of the class of biguanides. KL:KL A drug of the group of naphthoquinones. louis 2008-05-15T02:47:32Z BW566C80 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000242 atovaquone IDOMAL:0000242 A drug of the group of naphthoquinones. KL:KL The first natural drug extracted from Artemisia annua. louis 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z artemesinin Artenam Paluther idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000243 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. artemisinine IDOMAL:0000243 The first natural drug extracted from Artemisia annua. KL:KL A peroxide antimalarial drug. louis 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z Injectio Artemetheri idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000244 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. artemether IDOMAL:0000244 A peroxide antimalarial drug. KL:KL A peroxide antimalarial drug. louis 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000245 arteether IDOMAL:0000245 A peroxide antimalarial drug. KL:KL A peroxide antimalarial drug. louis 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000246 artesunate IDOMAL:0000246 A peroxide antimalarial drug. KL:KL A peroxide antimalarial drug. louis 2008-05-15T02:55:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000247 artelinic acid IDOMAL:0000247 A peroxide antimalarial drug. kl:KL An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Also used as a prophylactic. Often administered in combination with artemether (Co-artemether). louis 2008-05-15T03:16:48Z benflumetol idomal_namespace Co-artemether IDOMAL:0000248 lumefantrine IDOMAL:0000248 An arylaminoaccohol schizontocidal drug. Also used as a prophylactic. Often administered in combination with artemether (Co-artemether). KL:KL A drug belonging to the class of sulfones. louis 2008-05-16T07:35:11Z Dapsone Avlosulfon Avlosulfone Croysulfone DAPS Damitone Daphone Dermosone Diaphelylsulfone Diatox Diphenason Diphone Disulone Dubronax Eporal Novophone Servidapson Sulfadione Sulfona Oral Udolac idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000249 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. diaminodiphenyl sulfone IDOMAL:0000249 A drug belonging to the class of sulfones. KL:KL A drug belonging to the class of sulfones. louis 2008-05-16T07:42:42Z Camilan Hansolar Rodilone Sulfadiamine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000250 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. acedapsone IDOMAL:0000250 A drug belonging to the class of sulfones. KL:KL A sulfonamide drug. louis 2008-05-16T07:46:25Z Kelfizina Kelfizine Sulfamethoxypyrazine Sulfametopyrazine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000251 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. sulfalene IDOMAL:0000251 A sulfonamide drug. KL:KL A sulfonamide drug. louis 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z Levisul Madribon Sulfadimethoxypyrimidine idomal_namespace Madriquid IDOMAL:0000252 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. sulfadimethoxine IDOMAL:0000252 A sulfonamide drug. KL:KL A sulfonamide drug. louis 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z Adiazine Codiazine Cremodiazine Debenal Diazine Diazyl Eskadiazine Eustral Keladiazine Pirimal Pyrimal Sterazine Sulfazine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000253 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. sulfadiazine IDOMAL:0000253 A sulfonamide drug. KL:KL A sulfonamide drug. louis 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z Davosin Deposulfal Depovernil Kynex Lederkyn Midicel Midikel Myasul Spofadiazine Sulfadurazin Sultirene Unosulf idomal_namespace <new synonym> Sulfalex IDOMAL:0000254 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. sulfamethoxypyridazine IDOMAL:0000254 A sulfonamide drug. KL:KL A sulfonamide drug. louis 2008-05-16T07:47:36Z Fanasil Fanasulf Fanzil Sulformethoxine Sulforthodimethoxine Sulforthomidine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000255 All synonyms reflect proprietary names based on the list appearing on "Chemotherapy of Malaria", 2nd edition, WHO 1981. sulfadoxine IDOMAL:0000255 A sulfonamide drug. KL:KL A substance belonging to a class of drugs acting through the inhibition of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase. louis 2008-05-16T08:03:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000256 type 1 antifolate drug IDOMAL:0000256 A substance belonging to a class of drugs acting through the inhibition of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase. KL:KL An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. louis 2010-03-31T08:40:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000257 doxycycline plus quinine IDOMAL:0000257 An artemisinin-free antimalarial combination. KL:KL A role borne by an antiparasitic chemical compound in virtue of the fact that is has antiparasitic disposition and it is applied to an anatomical entity of a living organism to treat malaria. louis 2008-05-16T08:09:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000258 malaria treatment drug role IDOMAL:0000258 A role borne by an antiparasitic chemical compound in virtue of the fact that is has antiparasitic disposition and it is applied to an anatomical entity of a living organism to treat malaria. KL:KL An insecticide-treated net is a mosquito net that repels, disables and/or kills mosquitoes coming into contact with insecticide on the netting material. There are two categories of ITNs: conventionally treated nets and long-lasting insecticidal nets. louis 2008-05-16T08:37:08Z ITN idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000259 insecticide-treated net IDOMAL:0000259 An insecticide-treated net is a mosquito net that repels, disables and/or kills mosquitoes coming into contact with insecticide on the netting material. There are two categories of ITNs: conventionally treated nets and long-lasting insecticidal nets. KL:KL A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions. louis 2008-05-16T08:43:07Z LLIN DuraNet (Clarke Mosquito Control) ICONLife (Syngenta) Interceptor Net (BASF) NetProtect (Intelligent Insect Control) Olyset Net (Sumitomo Chemical) PermaNet (Vestergaard-Frandsen) idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000260 The list of synonyms contains a number of commercially available LLINs and their manufacturer and/or distributor. long-lasting insecticidal net IDOMAL:0000260 A long-lasting insecticidal net is a factory-treated mosquito net made with netting material that has insecticide incorporated within or bound around the fibres. The net must retain its effective biological activity without re-treatment for at least 20 WHO standard washes under laboratory conditions and three years of recommended use under field conditions. KL:KL A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year. louis 2008-05-16T11:10:58Z ITN idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000261 conventionally treated insecticidal net IDOMAL:0000261 A conventionally treated net is a mosquito net that has been treated by dipping in a WHO-recommended insecticide. To ensure its continued insecticidal effect, the net should be re-treated after three washes, or at least once a year. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000262 Therapeutic measures taken, in addition to chemotherapy, to improve the condition of, and cure a patient suffering from uncomplicated malaria. louis 2008-05-16T11:46:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000263 ancillary treatment of uncomplicated malaria IDOMAL:0000263 Therapeutic measures taken, in addition to chemotherapy, to improve the condition of, and cure a patient suffering from uncomplicated malaria. KL:KL Auxiliary, supportive and secondary treatment for severe malaria not focusing on the parasite. louis 2008-05-16T11:46:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000264 ancillary treatment of severe malaria IDOMAL:0000264 Auxiliary, supportive and secondary treatment for severe malaria not focusing on the parasite. KL:KL Rehydration is the replenishment of water, or water and electrolytes. louis 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000265 Important aspect of malaria therapy, especially in children and pregnant women, due to increased dehydration through fever in hot climates. rehydration IDOMAL:0000265 Rehydration is the replenishment of water, or water and electrolytes. KL:KL Treatment of high fever. louis 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z idomal_namespace fever reduction IDOMAL:0000266 Usually reduced through "traditional" measures (eg removal of clothes, sponging of skin, fanning, etc), supported by the administration of antipyretic drugs (eg paracetamol). antipyretic treatment IDOMAL:0000266 Treatment of high fever. KL:KL Treatment of pain. louis 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000267 Usually through the administration of simple pain killers such as paracetamol. analgesic treatment IDOMAL:0000267 Treatment of pain. KL:KL Treatment of anaemia, often found associated with malaria. louis 2008-05-16T12:08:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000268 Treatment can be performed through the administration of iron, folic acid, anthelminthics and blood transfusion where safe and available. treatment for anaemia IDOMAL:0000268 Treatment of anaemia, often found associated with malaria. KL:KL A distinct form of malaria that is caused by a specific species of Plasmodium parasite. louis 2008-05-16T01:06:39Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000269 pathogen specific form of malaria IDOMAL:0000269 A distinct form of malaria that is caused by a specific species of Plasmodium parasite. KL:KL Any impairment of consciousness or convulsions in a patient exposed to malaria. louis 2008-05-16T02:03:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000270 cerebral malaria IDOMAL:0000270 Any impairment of consciousness or convulsions in a patient exposed to malaria. KL:KL A form of falciparum malaria where Plasmodium falciparum infections are complicated by serious organ failures or abnormalities in the patient's blood or metabolism. It is characterized by the presence of one or more of prostration, impaired consciousness, respiratory distress (acidotic breathing), multiple convulsions, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, abnormal bleeding, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and sever anemia. The essential pathological feature of severe falciparum malaria is sequestration of erythrocytes containing mature forms of the parasite in the deep vascular beds of vital organs. louis 2008-05-16T02:06:32Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000271 severe malaria IDOMAL:0000271 A form of falciparum malaria where Plasmodium falciparum infections are complicated by serious organ failures or abnormalities in the patient's blood or metabolism. It is characterized by the presence of one or more of prostration, impaired consciousness, respiratory distress (acidotic breathing), multiple convulsions, circulatory collapse, pulmonary edema, abnormal bleeding, jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and sever anemia. The essential pathological feature of severe falciparum malaria is sequestration of erythrocytes containing mature forms of the parasite in the deep vascular beds of vital organs. KL:KL Malaria infection due to medical interference, such as transmission by contaminated blood transfusion or deliberate transmission. louis 2008-05-16T02:35:27Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000272 induced malaria IDOMAL:0000272 Malaria infection due to medical interference, such as transmission by contaminated blood transfusion or deliberate transmission. KL:KL Historical iatrogenically induced malaria aiming at therapy of neurosyphilis or, in newer times, for the experimental trials of vaccines or drugs. louis 2008-05-16T02:39:37Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000273 deliberate malaria IDOMAL:0000273 Historical iatrogenically induced malaria aiming at therapy of neurosyphilis or, in newer times, for the experimental trials of vaccines or drugs. KL:KL A form of chemotherapy of malaria using a combination of antimalarial drugs. louis 2010-03-31T08:46:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000274 malaria combination therapy IDOMAL:0000274 A form of chemotherapy of malaria using a combination of antimalarial drugs. KL:KL A combination therapy using artemisinin-based drugs. louis 2010-03-31T08:49:30Z ACT artemesinin based combination therapy idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000275 artemisinin based combination therapy IDOMAL:0000275 A combination therapy using artemisinin-based drugs. KL:KL The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-22T02:59:48Z NK cell activation during immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000276 natural killer cell activation during immune response IDOMAL:0000276 The change in morphology and behavior of a natural killer cell resulting from exposure to a cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. IB:IB Treatment of comatose patients according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace seizure treatment IDOMAL:0000277 coma treatment IDOMAL:0000277 Treatment of comatose patients according to standard procedures. KL:KL Treatment of seizures with standard anticonvulsive drugs such as benzodiazepines. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000278 anticonvulsive treatment IDOMAL:0000278 Treatment of seizures with standard anticonvulsive drugs such as benzodiazepines. KL:KL Treatment of patients showing signs of cerebral oedema and/or cerebral herniation according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z treatment of cerebral edema idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000279 treatment of cerebral oedema IDOMAL:0000279 Treatment of patients showing signs of cerebral oedema and/or cerebral herniation according to standard procedures. KL:KL Treatment of patients with severe anaemia using packed cells or blood transfusion. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000280 treatment of severe anaemia IDOMAL:0000280 Treatment of patients with severe anaemia using packed cells or blood transfusion. KL:KL Treatment of hypoglycaemic patients according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000281 treatment of hypoglycaemia IDOMAL:0000281 Treatment of hypoglycaemic patients according to standard procedures. KL:KL Treatment of patients showing signs of intravascular coagulation through the administration of vitamin K, fresh-frozen plasma or platelet transfusion. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000282 treatment of intravascular coagulation IDOMAL:0000282 Treatment of patients showing signs of intravascular coagulation through the administration of vitamin K, fresh-frozen plasma or platelet transfusion. KL:KL Treatment of dehydrated patients or patients showing signs of a disturbed electrilyte balance according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000283 treatment of fluid and electrolyte balance IDOMAL:0000283 Treatment of dehydrated patients or patients showing signs of a disturbed electrilyte balance according to standard procedures. KL:KL Treatment of showing signs of renal failure according to standard procedures, complemented by the treatment of massive intravascular haemolysis. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000284 treatment of renal failure IDOMAL:0000284 Treatment of showing signs of renal failure according to standard procedures, complemented by the treatment of massive intravascular haemolysis. KL:KL Treatment of patients showing signs of pulmonary oedema according to standard procedures and/or positive pressure ventilation where possible. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z treatment of pulmonary edema idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000285 treatment of pulmonary oedema IDOMAL:0000285 Treatment of patients showing signs of pulmonary oedema according to standard procedures and/or positive pressure ventilation where possible. KL:KL Treatment of patients developing a secondary septicaemic shock according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000286 treatment of septicaemic shock IDOMAL:0000286 Treatment of patients developing a secondary septicaemic shock according to standard procedures. KL:KL Treatment of patients with a secondary pneumonia according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000287 treatment of secondary bacterial pneumonia IDOMAL:0000287 Treatment of patients with a secondary pneumonia according to standard procedures. KL:KL Treatment of non-immune patients through exchange transfusion. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000288 treatment of hyperparasitaemia IDOMAL:0000288 Treatment of non-immune patients through exchange transfusion. KL:KL Treatment of showing signs of a ruptured spleen according to standard procedures, conservative measures taking precedence over surgery. louis 2008-05-20T08:23:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000289 treatment of ruprured spleen IDOMAL:0000289 Treatment of showing signs of a ruptured spleen according to standard procedures, conservative measures taking precedence over surgery. KL:KL Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients according to standard procedures. louis 2008-05-20T08:36:43Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000290 treatment of metabolic acidosis IDOMAL:0000290 Treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients according to standard procedures. KL:KL A vaccine aiming at reducing the incidence of severe malaria and malaria-associated mortality in infants and children with heavy exposure to Plasmodium falciparum, such as in sub-Saharan Africa. louis 2008-05-21T10:48:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000291 type 1 malaria vaccine IDOMAL:0000291 A vaccine aiming at reducing the incidence of severe malaria and malaria-associated mortality in infants and children with heavy exposure to Plasmodium falciparum, such as in sub-Saharan Africa. ISBN9780340740644:SLHoffman&JEEpstein A vaccine aiming at preventing all clinical manifestations of malaria in individuals from areas with no exposure who travel to regions where malaria is endemic, primarily malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. louis 2008-05-21T10:48:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000292 type 2 malaria vaccine IDOMAL:0000292 A vaccine aiming at preventing all clinical manifestations of malaria in individuals from areas with no exposure who travel to regions where malaria is endemic, primarily malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. ISBN9780340740644:SLHoffman&JEEpstein A vaccine aiming at inducing antibodies to attack the sexual stages of the malaria parasite (gametocytes, gametes, zygotes, ookinetes) either in the human host or within the mosquito. louis 2008-05-21T10:48:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000293 transmission blocking vaccine IDOMAL:0000293 A vaccine aiming at inducing antibodies to attack the sexual stages of the malaria parasite (gametocytes, gametes, zygotes, ookinetes) either in the human host or within the mosquito. ISBN9780340740644:SLHoffman&JEEpstein true IDOMAL:0000294 A change in the morphology and behaviour of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-22T02:59:48Z DC activation during immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000295 dendritic cell activation during immune response IDOMAL:0000295 A change in the morphology and behaviour of a dendritic cell resulting from exposure to a specific antigen, mitogen, cytokine, cellular ligand, or soluble factor, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. IB:IB The distinct stages of the life cycle of a protozoon of the genus Plasmodium. louis 2008-07-31T10:34:09Z PLO:00001 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000296 Plasmodium parasite stage IDOMAL:0000296 The distinct stages of the life cycle of a protozoon of the genus Plasmodium. KL:KL The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00006 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000297 ookinete stage IDOMAL:0000297 The banana-shaped motile stage of Plasmodium that the zygote develops into. It moves out of the blood bolus through the peritrophic membrane and through the midgut epithelium reaching the basal lamina surrounding the midgut. KL:KL The stage of developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00002 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000298 oocyst stage IDOMAL:0000298 The stage of developing structure that an ookinete develops into upon reaching, and resting st the basal lamina of the midgut. Sporozoites are produced through endomitosis in the developing oocyst. KL:KL A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:30:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000299 blood gametocyte stage IDOMAL:0000299 A blood stage of Plasmodium that, upon transfer to a mosquito with a blood meal, will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. KL:KL The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until transfered into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:15Z PLO:00018 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000300 sporozoite stage IDOMAL:0000300 The stage of Plasmodium that has been released into the mosquito haemocoel after the rupture of the oocyst. It reaches and penetrates the salivary gland where it stays until transfered into a vertebrate host through a blood meal. It then rapidly invades hepatocytes and is no longer observed in the host. KL:KL Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the invertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:07:30Z PLO:00020 mosquito stage idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000301 invertebrate host stage IDOMAL:0000301 Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the invertebrate host. PT:PT The stage produced through the fusion of male and female gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:10:10Z PLO:00024 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000302 zygote stage IDOMAL:0000302 The stage produced through the fusion of male and female gametes. KL:KL Collective name for life cycle stages of Plasmodium referring to the time between inoculation through a blood meal and the first entry into an erythrocyte. louis 2008-07-31T11:10:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000303 exo-erythrocytic stage IDOMAL:0000303 Collective name for life cycle stages of Plasmodium referring to the time between inoculation through a blood meal and the first entry into an erythrocyte. KL:KL A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte. louis 2008-07-31T11:19:32Z PLO:00011 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000304 trophozoite stage IDOMAL:0000304 A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte. KL:KL A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:49:31Z PLO:00052 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000305 ex-hepatocytic merozoite stage IDOMAL:0000305 A merozoite produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL The stage of a sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites. louis 2008-07-31T11:58:50Z PLO:00008 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000306 erythrocytic schizont stage IDOMAL:0000306 The stage of a sporozoan cell that reproduces by schizogony, producing a varied number of daughter trophozoites or merozoites. AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0 A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development. louis 2008-07-31T11:13:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000307 hypnozoite stage IDOMAL:0000307 A collective name for Plasmodium parasites of the relapsing kind that found in the liver of the vertebrate host but have arrested their development. KL:KL Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the blood of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:16:53Z erythrocytic stage idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000308 blood stage IDOMAL:0000308 Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the blood of the vertebrate host. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000309 The process of Plasmodium attaching itself to the cell membrane of the hepatocyte. louis 2008-07-31T01:03:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000310 attachment to hepatocyte cell membrane IDOMAL:0000310 The process of Plasmodium attaching itself to the cell membrane of the hepatocyte. KL:KL The process of a parasitophorous vacuole being formed in a hepatocyte. louis 2008-07-31T01:05:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000311 formation of parasitophorous vacuole in hepatocyte IDOMAL:0000311 The process of a parasitophorous vacuole being formed in a hepatocyte. KL:KL Any use of chemicals such as insecticides or repellents for the purpose of vector control. louis 2008-08-01T01:37:09Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000312 use of chemicals IDOMAL:0000312 Any use of chemicals such as insecticides or repellents for the purpose of vector control. KL:KL A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. louis 2008-07-31T11:31:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000313 mosquito gametocyte stage IDOMAL:0000313 A life cycle stage of Plasmodium transferred into a mosquito with a blood meal into the midgut, that will undergo further development giving rise to gametes. KL:KL A stage in the mosquito midgut that will later develop into a female gamete stage. louis 2008-07-31T11:32:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000314 female mosquito gametocyte stage IDOMAL:0000314 A stage in the mosquito midgut that will later develop into a female gamete stage. KL:KL A gametocyte stage in the mosquito midgut that will later develop into a male gamete stage. louis 2008-07-31T11:32:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000315 male mosquito gametocyte stage IDOMAL:0000315 A gametocyte stage in the mosquito midgut that will later develop into a male gamete stage. KL:KL A blood stage gametocyte that will later develop into a female gamete. louis 2008-07-31T11:32:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000316 female blood gametocyte stage IDOMAL:0000316 A blood stage gametocyte that will later develop into a female gamete. KL:KL A blood stage gametocyte that will later develop into a male gamete. louis 2008-07-31T11:32:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000317 male blood gametocyte stage IDOMAL:0000317 A blood stage gametocyte that will later develop into a male gamete. KL:KL The stage of the mature female gamete of Plasmodium found in the midgut of the mosquito vector. louis 2008-07-31T11:33:09Z PLO:00014 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000318 macrogamete stage IDOMAL:0000318 The stage of the mature female gamete of Plasmodium found in the midgut of the mosquito vector. KL:KL The stage of the mature male gamete of Plasmodium found in the midgut of the mosquito vector, produced through exflagelation of the male gametocyte. louis 2008-07-31T11:33:37Z PLO:00005 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000319 microgamete stage IDOMAL:0000319 The stage of the mature male gamete of Plasmodium found in the midgut of the mosquito vector, produced through exflagelation of the male gametocyte. KL:KL A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an erythrocyte that may continue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle. louis 2008-07-31T11:52:15Z PLO:00040 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000320 ex-erythrocytic merozoite stage IDOMAL:0000320 A developmental stage that arises from the schizogony of a parent cell in an erythrocyte that may continue the asexual or enter the sexual phase of the Plasmodium life cycle. KL:KL A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte, called such because of the shape observed. louis 2008-07-31T11:54:08Z PLO:00015 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000321 ring trophozoite stage IDOMAL:0000321 A developmental stage of the Plasmodium life cycle found within the erythrocyte, called such because of the shape observed. KL:KL A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. louis 2008-07-31T11:59:38Z PLO:00009 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000322 hepatic schizont stage IDOMAL:0000322 A schizont produced in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL The reduction of malaria prevalence in the global human or animal host population to zero. louis 2008-08-01T01:45:06Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000323 malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000323 The reduction of malaria prevalence in the global human or animal host population to zero. KL:KL The first phase of an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000324 preparatory phase of malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000324 The first phase of an eradication campaign. KL:KL The second phase of an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000325 attack phase of malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000325 The second phase of an eradication campaign. KL:KL The third phase of an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000326 consolidation phase of malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000326 The third phase of an eradication campaign. KL:KL The fourth and last phase of an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T01:47:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000327 maintenace phase of malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000327 The fourth and last phase of an eradication campaign. KL:KL As part of the malaria eradication campaign, geographical reconnaissance of the area to be attacked. louis 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000328 geographical reconnaissance of the area IDOMAL:0000328 As part of the malaria eradication campaign, geographical reconnaissance of the area to be attacked. KL:KL As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the training of field staff that will carry out the measures. louis 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000329 training of field staff IDOMAL:0000329 As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the training of field staff that will carry out the measures. KL:KL As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the identification and numbering sprayable houses/structures through workers surveying the area. louis 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000330 identification and numbering sprayable houses/structures IDOMAL:0000330 As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the identification and numbering sprayable houses/structures through workers surveying the area. KL:KL As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the assignment of accommodation to workers involved. louis 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000331 assignment of accommodation IDOMAL:0000331 As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the assignment of accommodation to workers involved. KL:KL As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the assignment of storage facilities for chemicals and other material resources to be used. louis 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000332 assignment of storage facilities IDOMAL:0000332 As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the assignment of storage facilities for chemicals and other material resources to be used. KL:KL As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the procurement of equipment, vehicles, supplies and chemicals. louis 2008-08-01T01:52:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000333 procurement of equipment, vehicles, supplies IDOMAL:0000333 As part of the malaria eradication campaign, the procurement of equipment, vehicles, supplies and chemicals. KL:KL The spraying of houses with residual insecticides during an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T01:55:06Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000334 residual house spraying in malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000334 The spraying of houses with residual insecticides during an eradication campaign. KL:KL The continuous epidemiological survey of malaria transmission during an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T01:57:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000335 monitoring degree of transmission in malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000335 The continuous epidemiological survey of malaria transmission during an eradication campaign. KL:KL The epidemiological survey of all malaria indicators during an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T02:01:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000336 surveillance in malaria eradication IDOMAL:0000336 The epidemiological survey of all malaria indicators during an eradication campaign. KL:KL The coninuoys, post-eradication measures taken to guarantee the absence of autochthonous malaria. louis 2008-08-01T02:06:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000337 vigilance by general health services IDOMAL:0000337 The coninuoys, post-eradication measures taken to guarantee the absence of autochthonous malaria. KL:KL The last step of an eradication campaign. louis 2008-08-01T02:11:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000338 Certification of malaria eradication by WHO IDOMAL:0000338 The last step of an eradication campaign. KL:KL A combination therapy using non artemisinin-based drugs. louis 2010-03-31T08:49:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000339 non artemisinin based combination therapy IDOMAL:0000339 A combination therapy using non artemisinin-based drugs. KL:KL A commercial product that provides all necessary components to perform an immunological test for the rapid diagnosis of malaria. louis 2010-03-31T11:59:17Z RDT idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000340 malaria rapid diagnostic test product IDOMAL:0000340 A commercial product that provides all necessary components to perform an immunological test for the rapid diagnosis of malaria. KL:KL A chemical substance, often an enzyme, that plays a crucial role in a biological process. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000341 Role played by portion of physical substance in a biological process. factor IDOMAL:0000341 A chemical substance, often an enzyme, that plays a crucial role in a biological process. KL:KL Colonisation is the process by which a vector species spreads into new areas. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000342 The process by which a biotic entity establishes multiple copies of itself in a new environment (including an organismal environment). "native" environment term. malaria vector colonization IDOMAL:0000342 Colonisation is the process by which a vector species spreads into new areas. KL:KL A living object. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000343 biotic object IDOMAL:0000343 A living object. KL:KL Prevalence as measured by immunological methods. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000344 seroprevalence IDOMAL:0000344 Prevalence as measured by immunological methods. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Access Bio, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000345 CareStart Malaria HRP2 (Pf) IDOMAL:0000345 A commercial RDT from Access Bio, Inc. KL:KL A quality which refers to the host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000346 quality of host IDOMAL:0000346 A quality which refers to the host. PT:PT A quality which refers to the pathogen. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000347 quality of pathogen IDOMAL:0000347 A quality which refers to the pathogen. PT:PT Is a glycoprotein synthesized mainly by CD4 T helper lymphocytes, and has an autocrine effect on the CD4 T cell that produces it. guest 2009-11-22T03:04:47Z IL-2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000348 interleukin 2 IDOMAL:0000348 Is a glycoprotein synthesized mainly by CD4 T helper lymphocytes, and has an autocrine effect on the CD4 T cell that produces it. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 A heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000349 insecticide resistance IDOMAL:0000349 A heritable change in the sensitivity of a pest population that is reflected in the repeated failure of a product to achieve the expected level of control when used according to the label recommendation for that pest species. IRAC:manual The lack of ability of a mosquito to transmit Plasmodium. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000350 refractoriness IDOMAL:0000350 The lack of ability of a mosquito to transmit Plasmodium. KL:KL A quality which refers to the host population. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000351 quality of host population IDOMAL:0000351 A quality which refers to the host population. PT:PT A collective resistance disposition that inheres in an organism population in virtue of the fact that the proportion of the population with immunity to an infectious agent is high resulting in a low number of transmissions from hosts in the population to susceptible individuals in the population and thereby mitigating the damaging effects of the infectious agent on the population. IDO:0000447 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000352 herd immunity to infectious organism IDOMAL:0000352 A collective resistance disposition that inheres in an organism population in virtue of the fact that the proportion of the population with immunity to an infectious agent is high resulting in a low number of transmissions from hosts in the population to susceptible individuals in the population and thereby mitigating the damaging effects of the infectious agent on the population. IDO:447 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain Dipterans. louis 2009-06-30T02:49:02Z Bti idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000353 Bacillus israelensis IDOMAL:0000353 Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (Bti) is a group of bacteria used as biological control agents for larvae stages of certain Dipterans. Wikipedia:Bacillusisraelensis A commercial RDT from Access Bio, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000354 CareStart Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/PAN) COMBO IDOMAL:0000354 A commercial RDT from Access Bio, Inc. KL:KL The time elapsed between infection with Plasmodium parasite and when symptoms and signs, usually fever, are first apparent. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000355 incubation period IDOMAL:0000355 The time elapsed between infection with Plasmodium parasite and when symptoms and signs, usually fever, are first apparent. KL:KL The time period during which a patient can be infectious. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000356 infectivity period IDOMAL:0000356 The time period during which a patient can be infectious. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Access Bio, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000357 CareStart Malaria pLDH (PAN) IDOMAL:0000357 A commercial RDT from Access Bio, Inc. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000358 The process of a malaria host recovering from the disease. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000359 malaria host recovery IDOMAL:0000359 The process of a malaria host recovering from the disease. KL:KL The time from the moment of infection till the first discovery of parasites in the blood. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000360 pre-patent period IDOMAL:0000360 The time from the moment of infection till the first discovery of parasites in the blood. KL:KL A commercial RDT from ACON Laboratories, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000361 Malaria Plasmodium falciparum Rapid test Device (Whole blood) IDOMAL:0000361 A commercial RDT from ACON Laboratories, Inc. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000362 Dormancy is a state in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity is temporarily suspended. Specifically, the stages of Plasmodium called hypnozoites, which lead to the relapse of malaria caused by P. ovale or P. vivax. In a wider sense it also includes the cases in which Plasmodium parasites cause recridescence of malaria. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000363 Is a period a process? dormancy IDOMAL:0000363 Dormancy is a state in an organism's life cycle when growth, development, and (in animals) physical activity is temporarily suspended. Specifically, the stages of Plasmodium called hypnozoites, which lead to the relapse of malaria caused by P. ovale or P. vivax. In a wider sense it also includes the cases in which Plasmodium parasites cause recridescence of malaria. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Amgenix International Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000364 OnSight-ParaQuick (Pan, Pf) Test IDOMAL:0000364 A commercial RDT from Amgenix International Inc. KL:KL A commercial RDT from AZOG, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000365 AZOG Malaria pf (HRP-II) /pv (pLDH) Antigen Detection Test Device IDOMAL:0000365 A commercial RDT from AZOG, Inc. KL:KL Transmission across the placenta from mother to foetus, diagnosed through parasitaemia in the neonate within day 7 post partum. congenital malaria idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000366 vertical malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000366 Transmission across the placenta from mother to foetus, diagnosed through parasitaemia in the neonate within day 7 post partum. KL:KL Malaria transmission occurring from one individual to another in the same generation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000367 horizontal malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000367 Malaria transmission occurring from one individual to another in the same generation. Wikipedia:transmission A commercial RDT from Biosynex. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000368 Immunoquick Malaria Falciparum IDOMAL:0000368 A commercial RDT from Biosynex. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Biosynex. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000369 Immunoquick Malaria +4 IDOMAL:0000369 A commercial RDT from Biosynex. KL:KL Toll like receptors recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes, and play a key role in the innate immune response. guest 2009-11-22T06:12:55Z TLR toll-like receptor idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000370 toll like receptor IDOMAL:0000370 Toll like receptors recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes, and play a key role in the innate immune response. Wikipedia:toll-likereceptor A commercial RDT from Diagnostix Automation/Cortez Diagnostics, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000371 Malaria P.F/Vivax IDOMAL:0000371 A commercial RDT from Diagnostix Automation/Cortez Diagnostics, Inc. KL:KL Is a glycoprotein synthesized by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It is a powerful activator of mononuclear phagocytes. guest 2009-11-22T06:25:35Z IFN-gamma idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000372 interferon-gamma IDOMAL:0000372 Is a glycoprotein synthesized by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. It is a powerful activator of mononuclear phagocytes. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 A molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect in the cell. guest 2009-11-22T06:45:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000373 receptor IDOMAL:0000373 A molecule on the surface or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, producing a specific effect in the cell. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000374 It is a monomeric gamma globulin protein consisting of two gamma 3 heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. guest 2009-11-23T02:08:05Z IgG3 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000375 immunoglobulin G3 IDOMAL:0000375 It is a monomeric gamma globulin protein consisting of two gamma 3 heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. IB:IB Is a glycoprotein and acts on T cells as a cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor as well as natural killer cell stimulatory factor. guest 2009-11-22T06:54:30Z IL-12 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000376 interleukin 12 IDOMAL:0000376 Is a glycoprotein and acts on T cells as a cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor as well as natural killer cell stimulatory factor. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 true IDOMAL:0000377 A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. guest 2009-11-22T06:57:10Z histiocyte idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000378 macrophage IDOMAL:0000378 A mononuclear phagocyte present in variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells. CL:0000235 true IDOMAL:0000379 A commercial RDT from DiaMed AG. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000380 OptiMAL-IT IDOMAL:0000380 A commercial RDT from DiaMed AG. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Human GmbH. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000381 Hexagon Malaria IDOMAL:0000381 A commercial RDT from Human GmbH. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Human GmbH. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000382 Hexagon Malaria Combi IDOMAL:0000382 A commercial RDT from Human GmbH. KL:KL A commercial RDT from IND Diagnostic Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000383 One Step Malaria Antigen Strip IDOMAL:0000383 A commercial RDT from IND Diagnostic Inc. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000384 true IDOMAL:0000385 Is a glycoprotein produced mainly by CD4 T lymphocytes. One of its many functions is to induce differentiation of T helper 2 cells from naive CD4 T cells. guest 2009-11-22T07:17:28Z IL-4 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000386 interleukin 4 IDOMAL:0000386 Is a glycoprotein produced mainly by CD4 T lymphocytes. One of its many functions is to induce differentiation of T helper 2 cells from naive CD4 T cells. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 Is a glycoprotein that suppresses cell-mediated immune response. Some of its many effects is suppression of the cytotoxic functions of monocytes/macrophages, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. guest 2009-11-22T07:17:28Z IL-13 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000387 interleukin 13 IDOMAL:0000387 Is a glycoprotein that suppresses cell-mediated immune response. Some of its many effects is suppression of the cytotoxic functions of monocytes/macrophages, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IB:IB ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 The directed killing of a target cell by a CD8 T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. guest 2009-11-22T07:26:07Z CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic response CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell mediated cytotoxic response CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte mediated cytotoxic response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000388 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell mediated cytotoxic response IDOMAL:0000388 The directed killing of a target cell by a CD8 T cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. IB:IB An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-22T07:26:07Z CD4-positive, alpha-beta T lymphocyte mediated immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-cell mediated immune response CD4-positive, alpha-beta T-lymphocyte mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000389 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000389 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a T-helper 1 cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-22T07:38:52Z Th1 cell mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000390 T-helper 1 cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000390 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a T-helper 1 cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a T-helper 2 cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-22T07:38:52Z Th2 cell mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000391 T-helper 2 cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000391 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a T-helper 2 cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. guest 2009-11-22T07:52:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000392 natural killer cell mediated cytotoxic response IDOMAL:0000392 The directed killing of a target cell by a natural killer cell through the release of granules containing cytotoxic mediators or through the engagement of death receptors. IB:IB Apoptosis induced by the binding of Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L) to Fas (ApoI/CD95), resulting in signal transduction, which initiates apoptosis. guest 2009-11-22T07:54:25Z Death receptor induced apoptosis Fas pathway idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000393 Fas-induced apoptosis IDOMAL:0000393 Apoptosis induced by the binding of Fas ligand (FasL/CD95L) to Fas (ApoI/CD95), resulting in signal transduction, which initiates apoptosis. PMID:11940113 true IDOMAL:0000394 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell. guest 2009-11-22T07:55:55Z cytotoxic T cell degranulation cytotoxic T cell granule exocytosis cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation cytotoxic T lymphocyte granule exocytosis cytotoxic T-cell degranulation cytotoxic T-cell granule exocytosis cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation cytotoxic T-lymphocyte granule exocytosis CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte degranulation CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell degranulation CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte degranulation idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000395 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell degranulation IDOMAL:0000395 The regulated exocytosis of secretory granules containing preformed mediators such as perforin and granzymes by a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell. IB:IB Is a glycoprotein found in granules of CD8 cytotoxic cells and natural killer cells Upon degranulation, perforin inserts itself into the plasma membrane of the target cell, forming a pore. guest 2009-11-22T07:57:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000396 perforin IDOMAL:0000396 Is a glycoprotein found in granules of CD8 cytotoxic cells and natural killer cells Upon degranulation, perforin inserts itself into the plasma membrane of the target cell, forming a pore. Wikipedia:perforin Serine proteases, released from cytoplasmic granules within natural killer cells and CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells. guest 2009-11-22T07:57:10Z fragmentin idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000397 granzyme IDOMAL:0000397 Serine proteases, released from cytoplasmic granules within natural killer cells and CD8-positive cytotoxic T cells. IB:IB Involuntary contractions of muscles, mainly of the skin, in response to the chilling effect of low temperatures or fever. louis 2010-04-21T02:08:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000398 shivering IDOMAL:0000398 Involuntary contractions of muscles, mainly of the skin, in response to the chilling effect of low temperatures or fever. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000399 The movement of Plasmodium-erythrocyte junction along the confronted membranes as merozoite enters the invagination in the erythrocyte surface. Pantelis 2010-04-26T12:44:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000400 movement of Plasmodium-erythrocyte junction IDOMAL:0000400 The movement of Plasmodium-erythrocyte junction along the confronted membranes as merozoite enters the invagination in the erythrocyte surface. PT:PT Intermittent preventive therapy (IPT) is a public health intervention aimed at treating and preventing malaria episodes in infants (IPTi), children (IPTc), schoolchildren (IPTsc) and pregnant women (IPTp), building on two tested malaria control strategies a) to clear existing parasites (treatment effect seen in mass drug administrations) and b) to prevent new infections. louis 2010-06-25T10:51:34Z IPT intermittent malaria therapy idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000401 intermittent preventive therapy IDOMAL:0000401 Intermittent preventive therapy (IPT) is a public health intervention aimed at treating and preventing malaria episodes in infants (IPTi), children (IPTc), schoolchildren (IPTsc) and pregnant women (IPTp), building on two tested malaria control strategies a) to clear existing parasites (treatment effect seen in mass drug administrations) and b) to prevent new infections. KL:KL Intermittent preventive therapy in children. louis 2010-06-25T10:55:52Z IPTc idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000402 intermittent preventive therapy in children IDOMAL:0000402 Intermittent preventive therapy in children. KL:KL Intermittent preventive therapy in infants. louis 2010-06-25T10:55:52Z IPTi idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000403 intermittent preventive therapy in infants IDOMAL:0000403 Intermittent preventive therapy in infants. KL:KL Intermittent preventive therapy in schoolchildren. louis 2010-06-25T10:55:52Z IPTsc idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000404 intermittent preventive therapy in schoolchildren IDOMAL:0000404 Intermittent preventive therapy in schoolchildren. KL:KL Intermittent preventive therapy in pregnant women. louis 2010-06-25T10:55:52Z IPTp idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000405 intermittent preventive therapy in pregnant women IDOMAL:0000405 Intermittent preventive therapy in pregnant women. KL:KL An individual member of a malaria parasite species Topito 2010-10-21T11:57:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000406 malaria parasite organism IDOMAL:0000406 An individual member of a malaria parasite species KL:KL The percentage of female anopheline mosquitoes of a prarticular species that bear sporozoites in their salivary glands. Topito 2012-05-28T03:56:24Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000407 sporozoite rate IDOMAL:0000407 The percentage of female anopheline mosquitoes of a prarticular species that bear sporozoites in their salivary glands. PT:PT The number of bites per person in a certain period of time. Topito 2012-05-28T04:05:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000408 man biting rate IDOMAL:0000408 The number of bites per person in a certain period of time. PT:PT The proportion of female mosquitoes that have laid eggs at least once. Topito 2012-05-28T04:05:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000409 parous rate IDOMAL:0000409 The proportion of female mosquitoes that have laid eggs at least once. PT:PT The estimated proportion of the blood meals of a mosquito population obtained from man. Topito 2012-05-28T04:05:49Z anthropophilic index human blood ratio idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000410 human blood index IDOMAL:0000410 The estimated proportion of the blood meals of a mosquito population obtained from man. PT:PT anthropophilic index PT:PT human blood ratio PT:PT Topito 2012-05-28T04:05:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000411 entomological inoculation rate IDOMAL:0000411 The number of secondary cases arising per day from one infective case in a susceptible population. Topito 2012-05-28T04:05:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000412 vectorial capacity IDOMAL:0000412 The number of secondary cases arising per day from one infective case in a susceptible population. PT:PT Direct transmission is a transmission process that is the means during which the malaria pathogen is transmitted immediately from a reservoir, source or host to another host. Topito 2012-05-31T06:25:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000413 direct malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000413 Direct transmission is a transmission process that is the means during which the malaria pathogen is transmitted immediately from a reservoir, source or host to another host. PT:PT Indirect transmission is a transmission process during which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by intermediary vehicles, vectors or as airborne dust particles. Topito 2012-05-31T06:25:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000414 indirect malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000414 Indirect transmission is a transmission process during which the pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by intermediary vehicles, vectors or as airborne dust particles. PT:PT Placental transmission is a congenital transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is transmitted directly from mother to child across the placental barrier. Topito 2012-05-31T06:26:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000415 congenital malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000415 Placental transmission is a congenital transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is transmitted directly from mother to child across the placental barrier. PT:PT Vector-borne malaria transmission is an indirect malaria transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host via an animate intermediary vector to another host. Most vectors are arthropods such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Topito 2012-05-31T06:33:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000416 vector borne malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000416 Vector-borne malaria transmission is an indirect malaria transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host via an animate intermediary vector to another host. Most vectors are arthropods such as mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. PT:PT Vehicle-borne malaria transmission is an indirect malaria transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by inanimate intermediary vehicle objects. Topito 2012-05-31T06:33:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000417 vehicle borne malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000417 Vehicle-borne malaria transmission is an indirect malaria transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by inanimate intermediary vehicle objects. PT:PT Vehicle-borne medical malaria transmission is an indirect vehicle-borne malaria transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by biological products including: blood, serum, plasma, tissue, or organs. Topito 2012-05-31T06:36:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000418 vehicle borne medical malaria transmission IDOMAL:0000418 Vehicle-borne medical malaria transmission is an indirect vehicle-borne malaria transmission process during which the malaria pathogen is indirectly transferred from a reservoir, source or host to another host by biological products including: blood, serum, plasma, tissue, or organs. PT:PT Relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at the prescribed temperature. Topito 2012-05-31T11:25:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000419 relative humidity true IDOMAL:0000419 Relative humidity is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the air-water mixture to the saturated vapor pressure of water at the prescribed temperature. Wikipedia:Relativehumidity Topito 2012-05-31T11:26:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000420 minimum temperature true IDOMAL:0000420 Topito 2012-05-31T11:26:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000421 maximum temperature true IDOMAL:0000421 Topito 2012-05-31T11:26:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000422 average temperature true IDOMAL:0000422 A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate abiotic objects. Topito 2013-01-31T13:18:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000423 abiotic object aggregate IDOMAL:0000423 A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate abiotic objects. PT:PT A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate biotic objects. Topito 2013-01-31T13:18:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000424 biotic object aggregate IDOMAL:0000424 A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate biotic objects. PT:PT A disposition to kill or inhibit the development or reproduction of eukaryotic parasites. Topito 2013-05-17T10:18:50Z IDO:0000443 malaria_ontology IDOMAL:0000425 antiparasitic disposition IDOMAL:0000425 A disposition to kill or inhibit the development or reproduction of eukaryotic parasites. OBO:sourced A chemical compound bearing an antiparasitic disposition. Topito 2013-05-17T10:35:46Z IDO:0000561 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000426 antiparasitic chemical compound IDOMAL:0000426 A chemical compound bearing an antiparasitic disposition. OBO:sourced Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of Topito 2013-05-17T11:02:25Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000427 site IDOMAL:0000427 Comment: An instance of Site [snap:Site] is a mixture of independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities which act as surrounding environments for other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities, most importantly for instances of object [snap:Object]. A site [snap:Site] is typically made of object [snap:Object] or fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart] entities and a surrounding medium in which is found an object [snap:Object] occupying the site [snap:Site]. Independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] entities may be associated with others (which, then, are site [snap:Site] entities) through a relation of snap:site A measure, which refers to a group of arthropods. Topito 2013-05-28T12:53:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000428 measure relating to aggregate of arthropods IDOMAL:0000428 A measure, which refers to a group of arthropods. PT:PT The usage of insecticides, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. louis 2008-08-07T12:54:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000429 usage of insecticides IDOMAL:0000429 The usage of insecticides, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. KL:KL A measure, which refers to a group of vertebrates. Topito 2013-05-28T12:53:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000430 measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates IDOMAL:0000430 A measure, which refers to a group of vertebrates. PT:PT Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the total number of arthropods divided by the total number of hosts examined. Topito 2013-05-28T13:03:57Z idomal_namespace mean density per host population intensity IDOMAL:0000431 abundance of arthropods per host IDOMAL:0000431 Measure relating to aggregate of arthropods on-host, which is calculated as the total number of arthropods divided by the total number of hosts examined. PT:PT Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area. Topito 2013-05-28T13:07:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000432 Determination of the amplification/reservoir host capacity of a given vertebrate species should include quantitative data on its density, its infectivity to feeding vectors, the duration of the infective period, how frequently it is fed upon by vectors and, in the case of ticks, feeding success and molting success. amplification/reservoir host capacity IDOMAL:0000432 Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the absolute contribution made by a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area. PT:PT Amplification/reservoir host capacity measure which refers to the proportional contribution of a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area in relation to other examined amplification/reservoir host species. Topito 2013-05-28T13:08:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000433 Also referred to as reservoir potential, For tick-borne pathogens, relative amplification/reservoir host capacity has minimally been based on data for host density, host infectivity, and mean abundance of ticks per host. relative amplification/reservoir host capacity IDOMAL:0000433 Amplification/reservoir host capacity measure which refers to the proportional contribution of a particular amplification/reservoir host species to the natural prevalence of infection with a given pathogen among vectors in a certain area in relation to other examined amplification/reservoir host species. PT:PT the infection incidence proportion per unit time. Topito 2013-05-28T14:07:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000434 infection incidence rate IDOMAL:0000434 the infection incidence proportion per unit time. PT:PT Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of AChE gene product resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. Topito 2013-05-30T08:26:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000435 AChE quantitatively changed IDOMAL:0000435 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of AChE gene product resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. PT:PT The number of arthropods divided by the number of infested hosts. Topito 2013-05-28T14:07:01Z VSMO:0000077 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000436 intensity of host infestation by arthropods IDOMAL:0000436 The number of arthropods divided by the number of infested hosts. PT:PT Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from infected vertebrates to feeding arthropods of a given taxon. Topito 2013-05-28T14:07:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000437 measure of host infectivity IDOMAL:0000437 Measure relating to aggregate of vertebrates, which refers to the efficiency with which a pathogen is transmitted from infected vertebrates to feeding arthropods of a given taxon. PT:PT A female quality inhering in a individual who has given birth one or more times. Topito 2013-07-25T12:04:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000438 parous IDOMAL:0000438 A female quality inhering in a individual who has given birth one or more times. PT:PT A measure, which refers to the vertebrate host. Topito 2013-05-28T14:15:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000439 measure relating to vertebrate host IDOMAL:0000439 A measure, which refers to the vertebrate host. PT:PT Measure relating to enumeration of an aggregate of arthropods. Topito 2013-05-28T14:29:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000440 measure relating to enumeration of aggregate of arthropods IDOMAL:0000440 Measure relating to enumeration of an aggregate of arthropods. PT:PT Measure relating to host blood within an aggregate of arthropods. Topito 2013-05-28T14:29:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000441 measure relating to host blood in aggregate of arthropods IDOMAL:0000441 Measure relating to host blood within an aggregate of arthropods. PT:PT Measure relating to infection within an aggregate of arthropods. Topito 2013-05-28T14:29:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000442 measure relating to infection in aggregate of arthropods IDOMAL:0000442 Measure relating to infection within an aggregate of arthropods. PT:PT A female quality inhering in a individual who is carrying fertilized eggs. Topito 2013-07-25T12:08:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000443 gravid IDOMAL:0000443 A female quality inhering in a individual who is carrying fertilized eggs. PT:PT One hour after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:35:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000444 1 hour after blood meal IDOMAL:0000444 One hour after blood meal. PT:PT Two hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:39:34Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000445 2 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000445 Two hours after blood meal. PT:PT Three hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:42:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000446 3 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000446 Three hours after blood meal. PT:PT Four hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000447 4 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000447 Four hours after blood meal. PT:PT Five hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000448 5 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000448 Five hours after blood meal. PT:PT Six hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000449 6 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000449 Six hours after blood meal. PT:PT Seven hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000450 7 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000450 Seven hours after blood meal. PT:PT Eight hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000451 8 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000451 Eight hours after blood meal. PT:PT Nine hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000452 9 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000452 Nine hours after blood meal. PT:PT Ten hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000453 10 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000453 Ten hours after blood meal. PT:PT Eleven hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000454 11 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000454 Eleven hours after blood meal. PT:PT Twelve hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000455 12 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000455 Twelve hours after blood meal. PT:PT Thirteen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000456 13 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000456 Thirteen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Fourteen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000457 14 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000457 Fourteen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Fifteen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000458 15 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000458 Fifteen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Sixteen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000459 16 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000459 Sixteen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Seventeen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000460 17 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000460 Seventeen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Eighteen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000461 18 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000461 Eighteen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Nineteen hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000462 19 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000462 Nineteen hours after blood meal. PT:PT Twenty hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000463 20 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000463 Twenty hours after blood meal. PT:PT Twenty one hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000464 21 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000464 Twenty one hours after blood meal. PT:PT Twenty two hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000465 22 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000465 Twenty two hours after blood meal. PT:PT Twenty three hours after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:45:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000466 23 hours after blood meal IDOMAL:0000466 Twenty three hours after blood meal. PT:PT A commercial RDT from Innovatek Medical Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000467 Quickstick Malaria Antigen Test IDOMAL:0000467 A commercial RDT from Innovatek Medical Inc. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000468 Is a glycoprotein that acts as a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor. Some of its many functions is to inhibit cytokine synthesis by T helper 1 cells and the formation of interferon-gamma. guest 2009-11-23T09:58:25Z IL-10 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000469 interleukin 10 IDOMAL:0000469 Is a glycoprotein that acts as a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor. Some of its many functions is to inhibit cytokine synthesis by T helper 1 cells and the formation of interferon-gamma. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 A change in the morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell,resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-23T10:08:43Z CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T lymphocyte activation during immune response CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-cell activation during immune response CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation during immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000470 CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell activation during immune response IDOMAL:0000470 A change in the morphology and behavior of a CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell,resulting from exposure to a mitogen, cytokine, chemokine, cellular ligand, or an antigen for which it is specific, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. IB:IB Any process by which T-helper 1 cells stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell mediated immune response. guest 2009-11-23T10:08:43Z suppression of Th2 cell mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000471 suppression of T-helper 2 cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000471 Any process by which T-helper 1 cells stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 2 cell mediated immune response. IB:IB Any process by which T-helper 2 cells stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell mediated immune response. guest 2009-11-23T10:10:56Z suppression of Th1 cell mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000472 suppression of T-helper 1 cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000472 Any process by which T-helper 2 cells stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T-helper 1 cell mediated immune response. IB:IB A developmental process in the erythrocytes leading to the production of schizonts. Administrator 2008-06-22T07:41:20Z erythrocytic schizogeny idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000473 erythrocytic schizogony IDOMAL:0000473 A developmental process in the erythrocytes leading to the production of schizonts. KL:KL A commercial RDT from IntecProducts, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000474 ADVANCED QUALITY One Step Malaria (p.f.) Test (whole blood) IDOMAL:0000474 A commercial RDT from IntecProducts, Inc. KL:KL A developmental process in the liver leading to the production of schizonts. Administrator 2008-06-22T07:44:15Z primary exo-erythrocytic schizogony primary tissue schizogony idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000475 pre-erythrocytic schizogony IDOMAL:0000475 A developmental process in the liver leading to the production of schizonts. ISBN:034057190X primary exo-erythrocytic schizogony ISBN:034057190X The process of formation of a hypnozoite in the liver of the vertebrate host. Administrator 2008-06-22T07:51:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000476 hypnozoites formation IDOMAL:0000476 The process of formation of a hypnozoite in the liver of the vertebrate host. KL:KL The process during which a merozoite is formed. Administrator 2008-06-22T07:55:09Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000477 merozoite formation IDOMAL:0000477 The process during which a merozoite is formed. KL:KL One day after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:55:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000478 1 day after blood meal IDOMAL:0000478 One day after blood meal. PT:PT The phase where merozoites invade the erythrocytes. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000479 erythrocyte invasion IDOMAL:0000479 The phase where merozoites invade the erythrocytes. ISBN:034057190X The process in which the apical end of merozoite makes initial contact with the erythrocyte, creating a depression in erythrocyte membrane. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:10:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000480 Plasmodium recognition and attachment to erythrocyte IDOMAL:0000480 The process in which the apical end of merozoite makes initial contact with the erythrocyte, creating a depression in erythrocyte membrane. PMID:96121 The process of erythrocyte's membrane thickening in the area where merozoite is attached. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:11:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000481 Plasmodium-erythrocyte junction formation IDOMAL:0000481 The process of erythrocyte's membrane thickening in the area where merozoite is attached. PMID:96121 Administrator 2008-06-22T08:12:24Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000482 vacuole creation true IDOMAL:0000482 The entrance of a cell into a vacuole while invading a foreign organism. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:13:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000483 entrance to the vacuole IDOMAL:0000483 The entrance of a cell into a vacuole while invading a foreign organism. KL:KL The closing of the orifice behind the merozoite as the entry in the erythrocyte it is been completed. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:14:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000484 sealing erythrocyte after entry IDOMAL:0000484 The closing of the orifice behind the merozoite as the entry in the erythrocyte it is been completed. PT:PT The process during which a trophozoite is formed. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:16:51Z ISBN:034057190X idomal_namespace ring form parasite IDOMAL:0000485 trophozoite formation IDOMAL:0000485 The process during which a trophozoite is formed. KL:KL ISBN:034057190X Essential Malariology third edition The time length of each phase of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasite. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:23:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000486 schizogonic periodicity IDOMAL:0000486 The time length of each phase of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasite. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of malaria. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:37:03Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000487 clinical manifestation of malaria IDOMAL:0000487 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of malaria. KL:KL The characteristic, clinical feature of recurrent fever attacks in malaria. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:43:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000488 febrile paroxysm IDOMAL:0000488 The characteristic, clinical feature of recurrent fever attacks in malaria. KL:KL Bacillus sphaericus is an obligate aerobe bacterium used as a larvicide for mosquito control. louis 2009-06-30T02:49:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000489 Bacillus sphaericus IDOMAL:0000489 Bacillus sphaericus is an obligate aerobe bacterium used as a larvicide for mosquito control. Wikipedia:Bacillussphaericus true IDOMAL:0000490 true IDOMAL:0000491 Lassitude is a weariness. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:47:16Z exhaustion idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000492 lassitude IDOMAL:0000492 Lassitude is a weariness. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000493 true IDOMAL:0000494 true IDOMAL:0000495 true IDOMAL:0000496 true IDOMAL:0000497 The first phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by chills, lasting for 15 to 60 minutes. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:49:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000498 cold stage IDOMAL:0000498 The first phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by chills, lasting for 15 to 60 minutes. KL:KL A milder form of shivering. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:50:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000499 mild shivering IDOMAL:0000499 A milder form of shivering. KL:KL An uncontrolled vibration of the teeth, often at night or in cases of feeling cold. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:50:50Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000500 teeth chattering IDOMAL:0000500 An uncontrolled vibration of the teeth, often at night or in cases of feeling cold. KL:KL Rigor is a shaking occurring during a high fever. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:51:13Z idomal_namespace body shake IDOMAL:0000501 rigor IDOMAL:0000501 Rigor is a shaking occurring during a high fever. Wikipedia:rigor Constriction of a peripheral blood vessels. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:52:52Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000502 peripheral vasoconstriction IDOMAL:0000502 Constriction of a peripheral blood vessels. KL:KL A pulse faster than normal. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:53:15Z idomal_namespace tachycardia IDOMAL:0000503 rapid pulse IDOMAL:0000503 A pulse faster than normal. KL:KL The pulse occurring when the stroke volume of the heart or when the pulse pressure decreases. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:53:47Z pulsus parvus idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000504 low volume pulse IDOMAL:0000504 The pulse occurring when the stroke volume of the heart or when the pulse pressure decreases. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000505 The second phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by high fever and several symptoms due to this, lasting from 2 to 6 hours. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:54:55Z flush phase symptom idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000506 hot stage IDOMAL:0000506 The second phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by high fever and several symptoms due to this, lasting from 2 to 6 hours. KL:KL A severe headache that gives the impression that one's blood vessels in the head are throbbing. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:55:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000507 severe throbbing headache IDOMAL:0000507 A severe headache that gives the impression that one's blood vessels in the head are throbbing. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000508 true IDOMAL:0000509 true IDOMAL:0000510 A syncope that occurs upon assuming an upright position and is caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting from failure of normal vasoconstrictive mechanisms. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:57:32Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000511 postural syncope IDOMAL:0000511 A syncope that occurs upon assuming an upright position and is caused by inadequate blood flow to the brain resulting from failure of normal vasoconstrictive mechanisms. KL:KL Not very intense pain in the epigastric area. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:57:53Z SYMP:0000188 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000512 epigastric disconfort IDOMAL:0000512 Not very intense pain in the epigastric area. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000513 true IDOMAL:0000514 The third phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by intense sweating, during which the fever falls and all symptoms diminish while the patient usually sleeps. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:02:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000515 sweating stage IDOMAL:0000515 The third phase of the febrile paroxysm, characterized by intense sweating, during which the fever falls and all symptoms diminish while the patient usually sleeps. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000516 true IDOMAL:0000517 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of malaria found in all forms. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:29:08Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000518 generic clinical manifestation of malaria IDOMAL:0000518 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of malaria found in all forms. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by distinct parasites. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:31:25Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000519 clinical manifestation of specific type of malaria IDOMAL:0000519 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by distinct parasites. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. falciparum. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:22:52Z malignant malaria clinical feature tertian malaria clinical feature symptomatologyy of falciparum malaria. idomal_namespace sub-tertian malaria clinical feature IDOMAL:0000520 clinical manifestation of falciparum malaria IDOMAL:0000520 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. falciparum. KL:KL A fungal genus. louis 2009-06-30T02:56:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000521 Coelomyces IDOMAL:0000521 A fungal genus. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000522 true IDOMAL:0000523 A clinical feature of a high number of parasites in the blood, usually higher than 500000 per microlitrer. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:32:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000524 hyperparasitaemia IDOMAL:0000524 A clinical feature of a high number of parasites in the blood, usually higher than 500000 per microlitrer. KL:KL An abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:32:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000525 hypoglycaemia IDOMAL:0000525 An abnormally diminished concentration of glucose in the blood. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000526 true IDOMAL:0000527 Any situation in which the levels of one of the common electrolytes is either elevated or lowered in the serum of a patient. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:33:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000528 water-electrolyte imbalance IDOMAL:0000528 Any situation in which the levels of one of the common electrolytes is either elevated or lowered in the serum of a patient. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000529 Higher than usual intravascular haemolysis usually associated with severe malaria. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:34:33Z idomal_namespace blackwater fever IDOMAL:0000530 massive intravascular haemolysis IDOMAL:0000530 Higher than usual intravascular haemolysis usually associated with severe malaria. KL:KL The result of blunt injury to the spleen leading to its laceration, and haemorrhage from it. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:35:34Z rupture of the spleen idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000531 splenic rupture IDOMAL:0000531 The result of blunt injury to the spleen leading to its laceration, and haemorrhage from it. KL:KL A circulatory collapse is defined as a general or specific failure of the circulation, either cardiac or peripheral in nature. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:39:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000532 circulatory collapse IDOMAL:0000532 A circulatory collapse is defined as a general or specific failure of the circulation, either cardiac or peripheral in nature. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. vivax. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:40:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000533 clinical manifestation of vivax malaria IDOMAL:0000533 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. vivax. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. ovale. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:41:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000534 clinical manifestation of ovale malaria IDOMAL:0000534 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. ovale. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. malariae. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:42:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000535 clinical manifestation of quartan malaria IDOMAL:0000535 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by P. malariae. KL:KL The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by monkey malaria parasites. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:43:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000536 clinical manifestation of monkey malaria IDOMAL:0000536 The exhibition of any of the combined symptoms and signs of specific forms of malaria caused by monkey malaria parasites. KL:KL The non-specific defences already present in the body which are stimulated by malaria parasite infection. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:07:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000537 innate resistance to malaria IDOMAL:0000537 The non-specific defences already present in the body which are stimulated by malaria parasite infection. PT:PT Resistance to malaria due to conditions affecting the structure of beta globin chains, the rate of synthesis of globin chains, the level of G6PD and conditions affecting the red cell membrane or cytoskeleton. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:09:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000538 resistance due to red cell polymorphism IDOMAL:0000538 Resistance to malaria due to conditions affecting the structure of beta globin chains, the rate of synthesis of globin chains, the level of G6PD and conditions affecting the red cell membrane or cytoskeleton. KL:KL A fungal genus. louis 2009-06-30T02:56:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000539 Culicinomyces IDOMAL:0000539 A fungal genus. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000540 true IDOMAL:0000541 A commercial RDT from Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000542 Binax Now Malaria IDOMAL:0000542 A commercial RDT from Inverness Medical Innovations, Inc. KL:KL Immunity to malaria gradually acquired by infection. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:21:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000543 acquired immunity to malaria IDOMAL:0000543 Immunity to malaria gradually acquired by infection. KL:KL Immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium, especially sporozoites. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:22:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000544 pre-erythrocytic immunity IDOMAL:0000544 Immunity against pre-erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium, especially sporozoites. KL:KL Immunity against parasites that have reached the erythrocytic stage. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:23:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000545 immunity to erythrocytic stage IDOMAL:0000545 Immunity against parasites that have reached the erythrocytic stage. KL:KL Immunity against parasites that have reached the sexual stage. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:23:39Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000546 immunity to sexual stage IDOMAL:0000546 Immunity against parasites that have reached the sexual stage. KL:KL A commercial RDT from J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. LTD. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000547 Advantage Pan Malaria Card IDOMAL:0000547 A commercial RDT from J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. LTD. KL:KL A commercial RDT from J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. LTD. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000548 Advantage P.f. Malaria Card IDOMAL:0000548 A commercial RDT from J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. LTD. KL:KL The appearance of immunoglobulin E due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-11-23T10:43:13Z IgE production idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000549 immunoglobulin E production IDOMAL:0000549 The appearance of immunoglobulin E due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. IB:IB A commercial RDT from J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. LTD. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000550 Advantage Mal Card IDOMAL:0000550 A commercial RDT from J. Mitra & Co. Pvt. LTD. KL:KL Staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image. Administrator 2008-06-22T11:59:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000551 staining IDOMAL:0000551 Staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image. Wikipedia:staining Giemsa stain, named after Gustav Giemsa, an early malariologist, is used for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Administrator 2008-06-23T12:00:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000552 Giemsa staining IDOMAL:0000552 Giemsa stain, named after Gustav Giemsa, an early malariologist, is used for the histopathological diagnosis of malaria and other parasites. Wikipedia:Giemsa Field's stain is a histological method for staining of blood smears. Administrator 2008-06-23T12:00:43Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000553 Field's staining IDOMAL:0000553 Field's stain is a histological method for staining of blood smears. Wikipedia:Field'sstain It is a monomeric immunoglobulin consisting of two epsilon heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. guest 2009-11-23T10:43:27Z IgE idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000554 immunoglobulin E IDOMAL:0000554 It is a monomeric immunoglobulin consisting of two epsilon heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. IB:IB A commercial RDT from Orchid Biomedical Systems. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000555 Paracheck Pf Rapid test for P. falciparum Malaria (Device) IDOMAL:0000555 A commercial RDT from Orchid Biomedical Systems. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Orchid Biomedical Systems. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000556 Paracheck Pf Rapid test for P. falciparum Malaria (Dipstick) IDOMAL:0000556 A commercial RDT from Orchid Biomedical Systems. KL:KL An assay for the presence of specific antiviral antibodies in a test serum. Administrator 2008-06-23T12:07:30Z IHA test indirect hemagglutination test idomal_namespace hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test IDOMAL:0000557 indirect haemagglutination test IDOMAL:0000557 An assay for the presence of specific antiviral antibodies in a test serum. TheFreeDictionary:hemaglutinationinhibitiontest The technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. Administrator 2008-06-23T12:08:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000558 immuno-precipitation IDOMAL:0000558 The technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. Wikipedia:immunoprecipitation A commercial RDT from Premier Medical Corporation Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000559 First Response Malaria Ag HRP2 IDOMAL:0000559 A commercial RDT from Premier Medical Corporation Ltd. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Premier Medical Corporation Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000560 First Response Malaria Ag Combo (pLDH/HRP2) IDOMAL:0000560 A commercial RDT from Premier Medical Corporation Ltd. KL:KL Any host process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response. guest 2009-12-02T11:02:50Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000561 host immune effector process IDOMAL:0000561 Any host process of the immune system that occurs as part of an immune response. IB:IB Any method using nucleic acid probes for the detection of malaria. Administrator 2008-06-23T12:12:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000562 use of nucleic acid probe IDOMAL:0000562 Any method using nucleic acid probes for the detection of malaria. KL:KL A quality which refers to the environment. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:28:03Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000563 quality of the environment true IDOMAL:0000563 A quality which refers to the environment. PT:PT true IDOMAL:0000564 true IDOMAL:0000565 true IDOMAL:0000566 true IDOMAL:0000567 Degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:35:31Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000568 temperature true IDOMAL:0000568 Degree of hotness or coldness measured on a definite scale. MerriamWebsterOnline:temperature A moderate degree of wetness especially of the atmosphere. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:35:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000569 humidity true IDOMAL:0000569 A moderate degree of wetness especially of the atmosphere. MerriamWebsterOnline:humidity A natural movement of air of any velocity. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:36:34Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000570 wind true IDOMAL:0000570 A natural movement of air of any velocity. MerriamWebsterOnline:wind The fact that autochthonous cases of malaria can be present at varying frequencies in an area or community. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:41:43Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000571 malaria endemicity IDOMAL:0000571 The fact that autochthonous cases of malaria can be present at varying frequencies in an area or community. KL:KL A term applied to malaria when there is a constant measurable incidence both of cases of the disease and of its natural transmission in an area over a succession of years. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:54:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000572 endemic malaria IDOMAL:0000572 A term applied to malaria when there is a constant measurable incidence both of cases of the disease and of its natural transmission in an area over a succession of years. KL:KL Classification of malaria denoting that the amount of transmission hardly fluctuates from year to year, but with possible seasonal fluctuation. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:44:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000573 stable malaria IDOMAL:0000573 Classification of malaria denoting that the amount of transmission hardly fluctuates from year to year, but with possible seasonal fluctuation. KL:KL Classification of malaria denoting that the amount of transmission varies from year to year. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:44:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000574 unstable malaria IDOMAL:0000574 Classification of malaria denoting that the amount of transmission varies from year to year. KL:KL A commercial RDT from ICT Diagnostics. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000575 ICT Malaria Pf Cassette Test (ML01) IDOMAL:0000575 A commercial RDT from ICT Diagnostics. KL:KL A case of malaria resulting from the bite of a mosquito in a malaria-endemic region. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:16:25Z idomal_namespace indigenous malaria IDOMAL:0000576 autochthonous malaria IDOMAL:0000576 A case of malaria resulting from the bite of a mosquito in a malaria-endemic region. KL:KL A commercial RDT from ICT Diagnostics. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000577 ICT Malaria Combo Cassette Test (ML02) IDOMAL:0000577 A commercial RDT from ICT Diagnostics. KL:KL A case of malaria resulting from the bite of a mosquito in a non malaria region that was carried into non malaria region through any means of transportation. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:53:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000578 imported malaria IDOMAL:0000578 A case of malaria resulting from the bite of a mosquito in a non malaria region that was carried into non malaria region through any means of transportation. KL:KL Cases of malaria contracted locally but derived from imported cases. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:53:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000579 introduced malaria IDOMAL:0000579 Cases of malaria contracted locally but derived from imported cases. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Span Diagnostics Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000580 Parahit-f DIPSTICK FOR FALCIPARUM MALARIA IDOMAL:0000580 A commercial RDT from Span Diagnostics Ltd. KL:KL C3b is the principal protein fragment produced when complement component C3 is cleaved by convertases of either the classical or alternative pathway. C3b aids in opsonization. guest 2009-11-23T02:17:58Z complement component 3b idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000581 C3b IDOMAL:0000581 C3b is the principal protein fragment produced when complement component C3 is cleaved by convertases of either the classical or alternative pathway. C3b aids in opsonization. IB:IB To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite sequestration of the walls of host inner blood vessels. guest 2009-11-23T02:34:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000582 inhibition of sequestration IDOMAL:0000582 To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite sequestration of the walls of host inner blood vessels. IB:IB Hypoendemicity denotes areas where there is little malaria transmission and the effects of malaria on the general population are unimportant. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000583 hypoendemicity IDOMAL:0000583 Hypoendemicity denotes areas where there is little malaria transmission and the effects of malaria on the general population are unimportant. ISBN:034057190X Mesoendemicity is found typically among small rural communities in the subtropical zones with varying intensity of transmission depending on local circumstances. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000584 mesoendemicity IDOMAL:0000584 Mesoendemicity is found typically among small rural communities in the subtropical zones with varying intensity of transmission depending on local circumstances. ISBN:034057190X Hyperendemicity is seen in areas with intense but seasonal transmission where the immunity is insufficient to prevent the effects of malaria on all age groups. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000585 hyperendemicity IDOMAL:0000585 Hyperendemicity is seen in areas with intense but seasonal transmission where the immunity is insufficient to prevent the effects of malaria on all age groups. ISBN:034057190X Holoendemicity denotes a perennial transmission of high degree, resulting in a considerable degree of immune response to all age groups, but particularly in the adults. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:22:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000586 holoendemicity IDOMAL:0000586 Holoendemicity denotes a perennial transmission of high degree, resulting in a considerable degree of immune response to all age groups, but particularly in the adults. ISBN:034057190X Evaluation of the amount and condition of transmission of the disease. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:42:42Z malariometry idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000587 malaria survey true IDOMAL:0000587 Evaluation of the amount and condition of transmission of the disease. ISBN:034057190X A commercial RDT from Span Diagnostics Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000588 Parahit-f TEST DEVICE FOR FALCIPARUM MALARIA IDOMAL:0000588 A commercial RDT from Span Diagnostics Ltd. KL:KL The collection of data relating to the epidemiology of malaria, to be processed and used for the survey of the state of the disease in a given area. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:50:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000589 collection of epidemiological data IDOMAL:0000589 The collection of data relating to the epidemiology of malaria, to be processed and used for the survey of the state of the disease in a given area. KL:KL Any investigation aiming at finding the malarial state of an individual. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:50:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000590 investigation relating to the human host IDOMAL:0000590 Any investigation aiming at finding the malarial state of an individual. KL:KL Any investigation aiming at finding the transmission potential state of a vector population. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:50:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000591 investigation relating to the insect vector IDOMAL:0000591 Any investigation aiming at finding the transmission potential state of a vector population. KL:KL Any process carried out to determine the condition of a patient's spleen. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:50:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000592 spleen examination IDOMAL:0000592 Any process carried out to determine the condition of a patient's spleen. KL:KL An examination of the blood comprised of several, different diagnostic procedures. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:50:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000593 blood examination IDOMAL:0000593 An examination of the blood comprised of several, different diagnostic procedures. KL:KL The calculated approximation of the mosquito density in an area which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000594 estimation of mosquito density IDOMAL:0000594 The calculated approximation of the mosquito density in an area which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain. KL:KL The calculated approximation of the natural infection rate in an area which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000595 estimation of natural infection IDOMAL:0000595 The calculated approximation of the natural infection rate in an area which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain. KL:KL The calculated approximation of the biting habits of a vector which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000596 estimation of biting habits IDOMAL:0000596 The calculated approximation of the biting habits of a vector which is usable even if input data may be incomplete or uncertain. KL:KL The estimation of the life span of vectors. Administrator 2008-06-23T10:51:36Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000597 estimation of longevity IDOMAL:0000597 The estimation of the life span of vectors. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000598 true IDOMAL:0000599 true IDOMAL:0000600 To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite invasion of host hepatocytes and/or erythrocytes. guest 2009-11-23T02:34:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000601 inhibition of invasion IDOMAL:0000601 To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite invasion of host hepatocytes and/or erythrocytes. IB:IB A commercial RDT from Span Diagnostics Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000602 Parahit-Total Device Rapid test for P. falciparum and Pan malarial species IDOMAL:0000602 A commercial RDT from Span Diagnostics Ltd. KL:KL A person under health care. The person may be waiting for this care or may be receiving it or may have already received it. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:00:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000603 patient IDOMAL:0000603 A person under health care. The person may be waiting for this care or may be receiving it or may have already received it. PT:MedicineNET.com A human is a member of a species of bipedal primates in the family Hominidae (taxonomically Homo sapiens). Administrator 2008-06-23T08:00:34Z Homo sapiens idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000604 human IDOMAL:0000604 A human is a member of a species of bipedal primates in the family Hominidae (taxonomically Homo sapiens). Wikipedia:human A vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:01:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000605 mammal IDOMAL:0000605 A vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia. KL:KL A primate is a member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains lemurs, the Aye-aye, lorisids, galagos, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes, with the last category including great apes. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:01:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000606 primate IDOMAL:0000606 A primate is a member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains lemurs, the Aye-aye, lorisids, galagos, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes, with the last category including great apes. Wikipedia:Primate A commercial RDT from Standard Diagnostics, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000607 SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag IDOMAL:0000607 A commercial RDT from Standard Diagnostics, Inc. KL:KL A process protecting a human host from the biting of mosquitoes, usually through physical or chemical means. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:17:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000608 protection against mosquito bites IDOMAL:0000608 A process protecting a human host from the biting of mosquitoes, usually through physical or chemical means. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Standard Diagnostics, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000609 SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag Pf IDOMAL:0000609 A commercial RDT from Standard Diagnostics, Inc. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Standard Diagnostics, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000610 SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag Pf/Pan IDOMAL:0000610 A commercial RDT from Standard Diagnostics, Inc. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000611 The developmental stages of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Anopheles. Pantelis 2008-08-21T10:54:28Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000612 Anopheles developmental stage IDOMAL:0000612 The developmental stages of mosquitoes belonging to the genus Anopheles. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Unimed International, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000613 FirstSign-Malaria Pf Card Test IDOMAL:0000613 A commercial RDT from Unimed International, Inc. KL:KL A change in the morphology or behavior of a phagocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. guest 2009-11-23T06:20:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000614 phagocyte activation during immune response IDOMAL:0000614 A change in the morphology or behavior of a phagocyte resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand, leading to the initiation or perpetuation of an immune response. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000615 A compound used as an antimalarial drug. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:43:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000616 quinoline methanol IDOMAL:0000616 A compound used as an antimalarial drug. KL:KL A compound used as an antimalarial drug. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:43:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000617 phenanthrene methanol IDOMAL:0000617 A compound used as an antimalarial drug. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000618 A commercial RDT from Unimed International, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000619 FirstSign-ParaView-2 (Pv + Pf) Card Test IDOMAL:0000619 A commercial RDT from Unimed International, Inc. KL:KL The process by which a T cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:07:02Z T-cell receptor recognition TcR recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000620 T cell receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000620 The process by which a T cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The process by which a B cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:07:02Z BcR recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000621 B cell receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000621 The process by which a B cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB A commercial RDT from Vision Biotech (Pty) Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000622 Malaria Rapid Pf IDOMAL:0000622 A commercial RDT from Vision Biotech (Pty) Ltd. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Vision Biotech (Pty) Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000623 Malaria Rapid Combo IDOMAL:0000623 A commercial RDT from Vision Biotech (Pty) Ltd. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Vision Biotech (Pty) Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000624 Malaria Rapid Dual IDOMAL:0000624 A commercial RDT from Vision Biotech (Pty) Ltd. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000625 Wondfo One Step Malaria Pf/Pan Whole Blood Test IDOMAL:0000625 A commercial RDT from Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech Co. Ltd. KL:KL Any derivative of benzonaphthyridine that is used as an antimalarial, often in cases of cerebral malaria. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:51:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000626 benzonaphthyridine IDOMAL:0000626 Any derivative of benzonaphthyridine that is used as an antimalarial, often in cases of cerebral malaria. KL:KL An antimalarial drug. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:51:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000627 mepacrine IDOMAL:0000627 An antimalarial drug. KL:KL A compound used as an antimalarial drug. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:51:34Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000628 pyronaridine IDOMAL:0000628 A compound used as an antimalarial drug. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Zephyr Biomedicals. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000629 Parascreen Rapid Test for Malaria Pan/Pf (Device) IDOMAL:0000629 A commercial RDT from Zephyr Biomedicals. KL:KL The process by which a pattern-recognition receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:07:02Z PRR recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000630 pattern-recognition receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000630 The process by which a pattern-recognition receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB A commercial RDT from Zephyr Biomedicals. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000631 Malascan Rapid Test for Malaria Pf/Pan (Device) IDOMAL:0000631 A commercial RDT from Zephyr Biomedicals. KL:KL A commercial RDT from Zephyr Biomedicals. louis 2010-03-31T12:01:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000632 Parabank Rapid Test for Malaria Pan (Device) IDOMAL:0000632 A commercial RDT from Zephyr Biomedicals. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000633 A synthetic antimicrobial drug. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:58:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000634 cotrimoxazole IDOMAL:0000634 A synthetic antimicrobial drug. KL:KL A quality which refers to malaria. Pantelis 2008-08-21T11:00:50Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000635 quality of malaria IDOMAL:0000635 A quality which refers to malaria. PT:PT A commercial RDT from IntecProducts, Inc. louis 2010-03-31T12:03:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000636 ADVANCED QUALITY MALARIA (p.f) POCT IDOMAL:0000636 A commercial RDT from IntecProducts, Inc. KL:KL The insertion of a mosquito's proboscis into the skin of a vertebrate in order to feed with its blood. louis 2010-04-09T11:08:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000637 mosquito bite IDOMAL:0000637 The insertion of a mosquito's proboscis into the skin of a vertebrate in order to feed with its blood. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000638 Any of the four developmental stages immediately following the embryonal stage upon moulting and before pupation. louis 2010-04-09T01:35:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000639 larval stage IDOMAL:0000639 Any of the four developmental stages immediately following the embryonal stage upon moulting and before pupation. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000640 The process by which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:29:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000641 CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000641 The process by which a CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The process by which a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:29:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000642 CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000642 The process by which a CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:06:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000643 antibiotic IDOMAL:0000643 A drug used to treat infections caused by bacteria and other microorganisms. KL:KL An individual member of a vector species. louis 2010-04-09T01:47:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000644 vector organism IDOMAL:0000644 An individual member of a vector species. KL:KL An individual member of a parasite species. louis 2010-04-09T01:47:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000645 parasite organism IDOMAL:0000645 An individual member of a parasite species. KL:KL A vector organism in its early stages of development, before it has reached the first larval instar stage. louis 2010-04-09T01:48:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000646 embryo IDOMAL:0000646 A vector organism in its early stages of development, before it has reached the first larval instar stage. KL:KL Any of a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are fluorinated derivatives of quinolone compounds and are especially effective against gram-negative bacteria. Administrator 2008-06-23T09:07:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000647 fluoroquinolone IDOMAL:0000647 Any of a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics that are fluorinated derivatives of quinolone compounds and are especially effective against gram-negative bacteria. AmericanHeritageMedicalDictionary:0 The appearance of immunoglobulin G due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-12-03T12:16:45Z IgG production idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000648 immunoglobulin G production IDOMAL:0000648 The appearance of immunoglobulin G due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000649 It is a pentameric gamma globulin protein consisting of five monomers joined by disulfide bonds and the J chain. Each monomer consists of two mu heave chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. guest 2009-12-03T12:49:54Z IgM idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000650 immunoglobulin M IDOMAL:0000650 It is a pentameric gamma globulin protein consisting of five monomers joined by disulfide bonds and the J chain. Each monomer consists of two mu heave chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. IB:IB The process by which a toll like receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:43:03Z TLR recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000651 toll like receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000651 The process by which a toll like receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The process by which a toll like receptor 9 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-24T10:43:38Z idomal_namespace TLR9 recognition IDOMAL:0000652 toll like receptor 9 recognition IDOMAL:0000652 The process by which a toll like receptor 9 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB The newly hatched, wingless, wormlike form of a vector organism before metamorphosis. louis 2010-04-09T01:48:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000653 larva IDOMAL:0000653 The newly hatched, wingless, wormlike form of a vector organism before metamorphosis. KL:KL A vector organism during its non-feeding stage between the larva and adult, during which the larva undergoes complete transformation. louis 2010-04-09T01:48:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000654 pupa IDOMAL:0000654 A vector organism during its non-feeding stage between the larva and adult, during which the larva undergoes complete transformation. KL:KL An vector organid in its sexually mature stage after metamorphosis. louis 2010-04-09T01:48:51Z imago idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000655 adult IDOMAL:0000655 An vector organid in its sexually mature stage after metamorphosis. KL:KL A vector organism during its first of four larval stages. louis 2010-04-09T01:49:27Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000656 first instar larva IDOMAL:0000656 A vector organism during its first of four larval stages. KL:KL A vector organism during its second of four larval stages. louis 2010-04-09T01:49:27Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000657 second instar larva IDOMAL:0000657 A vector organism during its second of four larval stages. KL:KL A vector organism during its third of four larval stages. louis 2010-04-09T01:49:27Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000658 third instar larva IDOMAL:0000658 A vector organism during its third of four larval stages. KL:KL A vector organism during its fourth of four larval stages. louis 2010-04-09T01:49:27Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000659 fourth instar larva IDOMAL:0000659 A vector organism during its fourth of four larval stages. KL:KL A gametocyte found in the midgut of a mosquito. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000660 mosquito malaria parasite gametocyte IDOMAL:0000660 A gametocyte found in the midgut of a mosquito. KL:KL Chemically inert crystalline structure produced in the digestive food vacuole of blood-stage malaria parasites. guest 2009-11-24T12:27:59Z malaria pigment beta-hematin idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000661 hemozoin IDOMAL:0000661 Chemically inert crystalline structure produced in the digestive food vacuole of blood-stage malaria parasites. ISBN:978-3-540-48994-8 The encysted form of a parasite organism derived from the ookinete, in which sporogonic multiplication occurs. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000662 malaria parasite oocyst IDOMAL:0000662 The encysted form of a parasite organism derived from the ookinete, in which sporogonic multiplication occurs. KL:KL The motile zygote of the vector organism that penetrates the mosquito midgut to form an oocyst. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000663 malaria parasite ookinete IDOMAL:0000663 The motile zygote of the vector organism that penetrates the mosquito midgut to form an oocyst. KL:KL To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite invasion of host hepatocytes. guest 2009-11-24T02:19:16Z inhibition of liver cell invasion inhibition of liver-cell invasion idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000664 inhibition of hepatocyte invasion IDOMAL:0000664 To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite invasion of host hepatocytes. IB:IB Removal of the stomach's contents via a nasogastric tube. Administrator 2008-06-23T11:08:11Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000665 aspiration of stomach contents IDOMAL:0000665 Removal of the stomach's contents via a nasogastric tube. KL:KL To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite invasion of host erythrocytes. guest 2009-11-24T02:19:16Z inhibition of red blood cell invasion idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000666 inhibition of erythrocyte invasion IDOMAL:0000666 To limit or fully inhibiting the extent of parasite invasion of host erythrocytes. IB:IB Vector control measures aiming at mosquito populations. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:17:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000667 mosquito control IDOMAL:0000667 Vector control measures aiming at mosquito populations. KL:KL Two days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000668 2 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000668 Two days after blood meal. PT:PT An antibody that attaches to a cell surface through its Fc region. guest 2009-11-26T10:13:25Z cytophilic isotype idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000669 cytophilic antibody IDOMAL:0000669 An antibody that attaches to a cell surface through its Fc region. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 A parasite organism at a stage of a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000670 malaria parasite zygote IDOMAL:0000670 A parasite organism at a stage of a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes. KL:KL The stage of a daughter cell of a protozoan parasite. It is formed during schizogony inside the parasitophorous vacuole of a host cell and is equipped with an apical complex in order to enter host cells. Merozoites initiates either another shizogonic process or become gamonts. guest 2009-11-24T02:56:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000671 merozoite stage IDOMAL:0000671 The stage of a daughter cell of a protozoan parasite. It is formed during schizogony inside the parasitophorous vacuole of a host cell and is equipped with an apical complex in order to enter host cells. Merozoites initiates either another shizogonic process or become gamonts. IB:IB ISBN:978-3-540-48994-8 A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:22:24Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000672 chemical compound IDOMAL:0000672 A molecular entity consisting of two or more chemical elements. CHEBI:37577 true IDOMAL:0000673 The selection of habitat such that the chances of mosquito bites are reduced. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:23:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000674 selection of habitat IDOMAL:0000674 The selection of habitat such that the chances of mosquito bites are reduced. KL:KL The management of interaction by the modern human societies with, and impact upon the environment. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:25:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000675 environmental management IDOMAL:0000675 The management of interaction by the modern human societies with, and impact upon the environment. KL:KL In malariology, use of engineering aiming at producing local conditions unfavourable for the breeding of mosquitoes in their usual habitats. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:25:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000676 environmental modification IDOMAL:0000676 In malariology, use of engineering aiming at producing local conditions unfavourable for the breeding of mosquitoes in their usual habitats. KL:KL The filling of abandoned ditches, borrow pits and ponds to remove potential mosquito breeding sites. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:28:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000677 filling IDOMAL:0000677 The filling of abandoned ditches, borrow pits and ponds to remove potential mosquito breeding sites. KL:KL Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:28:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000678 drainage IDOMAL:0000678 Drainage is the natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an area. Wikipedia:drainage In areas of extensive water covered with vegetation where drainage is impractical, the area can be deepened to the extent that plants cannot grow. If the banks of the impoundment are also steepened and stabilised, the introduction of larvivorous fish can reduce mosquito production dramatically. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:28:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000679 Lido system IDOMAL:0000679 In areas of extensive water covered with vegetation where drainage is impractical, the area can be deepened to the extent that plants cannot grow. If the banks of the impoundment are also steepened and stabilised, the introduction of larvivorous fish can reduce mosquito production dramatically. Health,NutritionandPopulation(HNP)DiscussionPaper:ISBN1-932126-90-2 The drainage of the surface. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000680 surface drainage IDOMAL:0000680 The drainage of the surface. KL:KL The drainage of subsoil. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z subsoil drainage idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000681 subsoil drainage IDOMAL:0000681 The drainage of subsoil. KL:KL The drainage of a coastal swamp. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000682 coastal swamp drainage IDOMAL:0000682 The drainage of a coastal swamp. KL:KL Drainage of gricultural land by pumped wells to improve the soil. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:36:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000683 vertical drainage IDOMAL:0000683 Drainage of gricultural land by pumped wells to improve the soil. KL:KL In malariology, a recurrent activity aiming at producing local conditions unfavourable for the breeding of mosquitoes in their usual habitats. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:38:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000684 environmental manipulation IDOMAL:0000684 In malariology, a recurrent activity aiming at producing local conditions unfavourable for the breeding of mosquitoes in their usual habitats. KL:KL A human population with no immunity against malaria. louis 2008-08-06T10:32:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000685 human population of non-immune individuals IDOMAL:0000685 A human population with no immunity against malaria. KL:KL Deliberate change of the water surface level through engineering or other measures. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000686 change water levels IDOMAL:0000686 Deliberate change of the water surface level through engineering or other measures. KL:KL The use of a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000687 stream sluicing IDOMAL:0000687 The use of a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate. KL:KL Deliberate change of the water salinity through engineering or other measures. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000688 change water salinity IDOMAL:0000688 Deliberate change of the water salinity through engineering or other measures. KL:KL The artificial creation of shaded areas next to stream banks. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000689 shading of stream banks IDOMAL:0000689 The artificial creation of shaded areas next to stream banks. KL:KL Deliberate clearing of vegetation linked to standing water. Administrator 2008-06-24T11:53:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000690 clearing of vegetation IDOMAL:0000690 Deliberate clearing of vegetation linked to standing water. KL:KL A gametocyte found in the blood of the vertebrate host. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000691 blood stage malaria parasite gametocyte IDOMAL:0000691 A gametocyte found in the blood of the vertebrate host. KL:KL A schizont produced in an erythrocyte. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000692 erythrocytic malaria parasite schizont IDOMAL:0000692 A schizont produced in an erythrocyte. KL:KL A merozoite derived from an erythrocytic schizont. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000693 ex-erythrocytic malaria parasite merozoite IDOMAL:0000693 A merozoite derived from an erythrocytic schizont. KL:KL The feeding stage of a parasite organism. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000694 malaria parasite trophozoite IDOMAL:0000694 The feeding stage of a parasite organism. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000695 A merozoite derived from a hepatic schizont. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000696 ex-hepatocytic malaria parasite merozoite IDOMAL:0000696 A merozoite derived from a hepatic schizont. KL:KL The process by which a receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-30T11:44:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000697 receptor recognition IDOMAL:0000697 The process by which a receptor in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB A schizont produced in an liver cell. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000698 hepatic malaria parasite schizont IDOMAL:0000698 A schizont produced in an liver cell. KL:KL An exoerythrocytic schizozoite of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium Ovale in the human liver, characterised by delayed primary development and thought to be responsible for malarial relapse. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000699 malaria parasite hypnozoite IDOMAL:0000699 An exoerythrocytic schizozoite of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium Ovale in the human liver, characterised by delayed primary development and thought to be responsible for malarial relapse. KL:KL One of the minute elongated bodies resulting from the repeated division of the oocyst during sporogony. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000700 malaria parasite sporozoite IDOMAL:0000700 One of the minute elongated bodies resulting from the repeated division of the oocyst during sporogony. KL:KL A vector organism formed during the asexual division of the schizont. louis 2010-04-09T01:54:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000701 malaria parasite merozoite IDOMAL:0000701 A vector organism formed during the asexual division of the schizont. KL:KL Nitric oxide is a biological signaling molecule and also one of the principal effector molecules in killing parasites. guest 2009-11-25T01:50:48Z NO idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000702 nitric oxide IDOMAL:0000702 Nitric oxide is a biological signaling molecule and also one of the principal effector molecules in killing parasites. IB:IB A parasite organism that has reached the stage of gametocyte. louis 2010-04-09T01:55:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000703 malaria parasite gametocyte IDOMAL:0000703 A parasite organism that has reached the stage of gametocyte. KL:KL Is the cytoadherance of parasite infected erythrocytes to vascular endothelium of post-capillary venules in various organs. One of the functions of sequestration is thought to be avoidance of elimination by the spleen. guest 2009-11-25T02:18:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000704 sequestration in malaria IDOMAL:0000704 Is the cytoadherance of parasite infected erythrocytes to vascular endothelium of post-capillary venules in various organs. One of the functions of sequestration is thought to be avoidance of elimination by the spleen. ISBN:3-8055-7376-6 true IDOMAL:0000705 A parasite organism that has been formed from a trophozoite during the asexual stage of the life cycle of sporozoan protozoans, such as the malaria parasite. louis 2010-04-09T01:55:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000706 malaria parasite schizont IDOMAL:0000706 A parasite organism that has been formed from a trophozoite during the asexual stage of the life cycle of sporozoan protozoans, such as the malaria parasite. KL:KL Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defence(s). guest 2009-11-25T02:19:24Z negative regulation of host defenses idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000707 suppression of host immune system IDOMAL:0000707 Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of host defence(s). IB:IB Any process by which the pathogen modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host immune response(s). guest 2009-11-25T02:20:11Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000708 modulation of host immune response IDOMAL:0000708 Any process by which the pathogen modulates the frequency, rate or extent of host immune response(s). IB:IB Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MHC class II upregulation on dendritic cells and macrophages. guest 2009-11-25T02:22:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000709 suppression of MHC class II upregulation on dendritic cells and macrophages IDOMAL:0000709 Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of MHC class II upregulation on dendritic cells and macrophages. IB:IB Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation and/or maturation. guest 2009-11-25T02:22:33Z suppression of DC differentiation and maturation idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000710 suppression of dendritic cell differentiation and maturation IDOMAL:0000710 Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of dendritic cell differentiation and/or maturation. IB:IB A condition relating to any species of anopheline vectors of malaria. louis 2010-04-09T02:08:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000711 condition of malaria vector IDOMAL:0000711 A condition relating to any species of anopheline vectors of malaria. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000712 true IDOMAL:0000713 true IDOMAL:0000714 true IDOMAL:0000715 true IDOMAL:0000716 Three days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000717 3 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000717 Three days after blood meal. PT:PT true IDOMAL:0000718 true IDOMAL:0000719 true IDOMAL:0000720 Four days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000721 4 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000721 Four days after blood meal. PT:PT true IDOMAL:0000722 true IDOMAL:0000723 Five days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000724 5 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000724 Five days after blood meal. PT:PT Six days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000725 6 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000725 Six days after blood meal. PT:PT true IDOMAL:0000726 true IDOMAL:0000727 true IDOMAL:0000728 Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts. guest 2009-11-25T09:38:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000729 enzyme IDOMAL:0000729 Any of numerous proteins or conjugated proteins produced by living organisms and functioning as biochemical catalysts. KL:KL Seven days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000730 7 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000730 Seven days after blood meal. PT:PT Eight days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000731 8 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000731 Eight days after blood meal. PT:PT Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules. guest 2009-11-26T11:51:17Z GO:0043234 multiprotein complex GO:0043234 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000732 protein complex IDOMAL:0000732 Any macromolecular complex composed of two or more polypeptide subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleotides, metal ions or other small molecules. GO:0043234 Nine days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000733 9 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000733 Nine days after blood meal. PT:PT Ten days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000734 10 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000734 Ten days after blood meal. PT:PT Eleven days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000735 11 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000735 Eleven days after blood meal. PT:PT Twelve days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000736 12 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000736 Twelve days after blood meal. PT:PT Thirteen days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000737 13 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000737 Thirteen days after blood meal. PT:PT Fourteen days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000738 14 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000738 Fourteen days after blood meal. PT:PT Fifteen days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000739 15 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000739 Fifteen days after blood meal. PT:PT Sixteen days after blood meal. elvira 2013-10-03T15:57:40Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000740 16 days after blood meal IDOMAL:0000740 Sixteen days after blood meal. PT:PT The amount of blood taken up during the feeding process. elvira 2013-10-04T10:18:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000741 blood meal IDOMAL:0000741 The amount of blood taken up during the feeding process. PT:PT The amount of sugar taken up during the feeding process. elvira 2013-10-04T10:18:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000742 sugar meal IDOMAL:0000742 The amount of sugar taken up during the feeding process. PT:PT A mosquito which carries an infectious agent that can be transmitted via a bite. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000743 infected mosquito IDOMAL:0000743 A mosquito which carries an infectious agent that can be transmitted via a bite. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000744 Blood carrying an infectious agent. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000745 infected blood IDOMAL:0000745 Blood carrying an infectious agent. EM:EM An individual member of the Culicidae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000746 mosquito IDOMAL:0000746 An individual member of the Culicidae. EM:EM An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a T cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-26T01:51:16Z T lymphocyte mediated immune response T-cell mediated immune response idomal_namespace T-lymphocyte mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000747 T cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000747 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a T cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a B cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-26T01:52:00Z B lymphocyte mediated immune response B-cell mediated immune response B-lymphocyte mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000748 B cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000748 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a B cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000750 true IDOMAL:0000751 true IDOMAL:0000752 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a regulatory T cell in response to stimulus. guest 2009-11-30T10:03:15Z regulatory T lymphocyte mediated immune response regulatory T-cell mediated immune response regulatory T-lymphocyte mediated immune response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000759 regulatory T cell mediated immune response IDOMAL:0000759 An immune response involving a change in the state or activity of a regulatory T cell in response to stimulus. IB:IB Immunoglobulins are gamma globulin proteins consisting of heavy and light chains connected by disulfide bonds. They are synthesized in response to stimulation by an antigen. guest 2009-11-26T04:34:14Z Ig idomal_namespace Ab antibody IDOMAL:0000764 immunoglobulin IDOMAL:0000764 Immunoglobulins are gamma globulin proteins consisting of heavy and light chains connected by disulfide bonds. They are synthesized in response to stimulation by an antigen. IB:IB It is a monomeric gamma globulin protein consisting of two gamma heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. guest 2009-11-26T04:35:08Z IgG idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000765 immunoglobulin G IDOMAL:0000765 It is a monomeric gamma globulin protein consisting of two gamma heavy chains and either two kappa light chains or two lambda light chains, connected by disulfide bonds. IB:IB The appearance of cytophilic antibodies due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-11-26T04:47:07Z cytophilic Ab production idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000768 cytophilic antibody production IDOMAL:0000768 The appearance of cytophilic antibodies due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000775 The direct killing of a target cell by a leukocyte. guest 2009-11-26T07:59:24Z immune cell mediated cell death immune cell mediated cell killing immune cell mediated cytotoxicity immune cell mediated cytotoxic response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000776 leukocyte mediated cytotoxic response IDOMAL:0000776 The direct killing of a target cell by a leukocyte. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000777 true IDOMAL:0000781 Is a glycoprotein produced by various cells, one being macrophages. Large amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha may lead to systemic effects like fever. guest 2009-11-27T11:00:06Z TNF-alpha cachectin cachexin idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000783 tumor necrosis factor-alpha IDOMAL:0000783 Is a glycoprotein produced by various cells, one being macrophages. Large amounts of tumor necrosis factor-alpha may lead to systemic effects like fever. ISBN:0-8493-15-67-0 The process by which a toll like receptor 2 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. guest 2009-11-28T11:09:38Z TLR2 recognition idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000785 toll like receptor 2 recognition IDOMAL:0000785 The process by which a toll like receptor 2 in the malaria host interprets its surroundings. IB:IB They are glycolipids with the major function of anchoring proteins to cell membrane surfaces. They are particularly abundant in protozoan parasites, where they serve as the predominant mechanism for integrating glycoproteins and phosphosaccharides into membrane lipid bilayers. guest 2009-11-28T11:11:03Z GPI anchor GPI-anchor idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000786 glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor IDOMAL:0000786 They are glycolipids with the major function of anchoring proteins to cell membrane surfaces. They are particularly abundant in protozoan parasites, where they serve as the predominant mechanism for integrating glycoproteins and phosphosaccharides into membrane lipid bilayers. ISBN:978-3-540-48994-8 true IDOMAL:0000787 true IDOMAL:0000788 The appearance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-11-30T10:30:52Z TNF-alpha production idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000790 tumor necrosis factor-alpha production IDOMAL:0000790 The appearance of tumor necrosis factor-alpha due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000791 true IDOMAL:0000792 The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement. guest 2009-11-30T01:50:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000793 antibody-independent opsonization IDOMAL:0000793 The process by which a microorganism (or other particulate material) is rendered more susceptible to phagocytosis by coating with an opsonin, a blood serum protein such as a complement. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000795 true IDOMAL:0000796 Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. guest 2009-11-30T02:48:12Z suppression of T lymphocyte activation suppression of T-cell activation suppression of T-lymphocyte activation idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000799 suppression of T cell activation IDOMAL:0000799 Any process by which the pathogen stops, prevents or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of T cell activation. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000802 true IDOMAL:0000803 The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which the host transforms chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. guest 2009-11-30T05:39:02Z host metabolism idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000804 host metabolic process IDOMAL:0000804 The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which the host transforms chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000805 true IDOMAL:0000806 true IDOMAL:0000808 Any process that is carried out at the cellular level in malaria host, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. guest 2009-12-08T09:39:44Z cell physiology of human host cellular physiological process of human host idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000809 cellular process of human host IDOMAL:0000809 Any process that is carried out at the cellular level in malaria host, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. PT:PT true IDOMAL:0000810 The appearance of cytokines part of the T-helper 1 cell mediated response, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-12-02T10:37:57Z Th1 cell mediated cytokine production idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000811 T-helper 1 cell mediated cytokine production IDOMAL:0000811 The appearance of cytokines part of the T-helper 1 cell mediated response, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. IB:IB The appearance of cytokines part of the T-helper 2 cell mediated response, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. guest 2009-12-02T10:41:38Z Th2 cell mediated cytokine production idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000812 T-helper 2 cell mediated cytokine production IDOMAL:0000812 The appearance of cytokines part of the T-helper 2 cell mediated response, due to biosynthesis or secretion following a cellular stimulus, resulting in an increase in its intracellular or extracellular levels. IB:IB true IDOMAL:0000814 true IDOMAL:0000815 It is the process by which cells undergo apoptosis in a controlled manner through the interaction of a death factor and its receptor. It plays a significant role in immune system homeostasis. guest 2009-12-08T09:48:03Z AICD idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000816 activation-induced cell death IDOMAL:0000816 It is the process by which cells undergo apoptosis in a controlled manner through the interaction of a death factor and its receptor. It plays a significant role in immune system homeostasis. PMID:11940113 true IDOMAL:0000817 true IDOMAL:0000818 A immunoglobulin protein that is secreted into the blood or lymph in response to an antigenic stimulus, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or transplanted organ, and that neutralizes the antigen by binding specifically to it. guest 2009-12-02T04:59:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000822 antibody IDOMAL:0000822 A immunoglobulin protein that is secreted into the blood or lymph in response to an antigenic stimulus, such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or transplanted organ, and that neutralizes the antigen by binding specifically to it. KL:KL Cytokines serve as chemical communicators from one cell to another as well as being biological response modifiers. guest 2009-12-02T08:41:21Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000824 cytokine IDOMAL:0000824 Cytokines serve as chemical communicators from one cell to another as well as being biological response modifiers. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 true IDOMAL:0000825 true IDOMAL:0000826 true IDOMAL:0000827 true IDOMAL:0000828 true IDOMAL:0000829 true IDOMAL:0000830 true IDOMAL:0000831 true IDOMAL:0000832 true IDOMAL:0000833 true IDOMAL:0000834 true IDOMAL:0000835 true IDOMAL:0000837 A chemical substance that improves the efficacy ofd an insecticide. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000862 insecticide synergist IDOMAL:0000862 A chemical substance that improves the efficacy ofd an insecticide. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000873 A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides, it is co-formulated with malathion and permethrin. The coformulation counteracts metabolic resistance. S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000878 DEF IDOMAL:0000878 A substance often used as a synergist for insecticides, it is co-formulated with malathion and permethrin. The coformulation counteracts metabolic resistance. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. (RS)-5-{1-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}-1,3-benzodioxole idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000880 sesamex IDOMAL:0000880 A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. It is an inhibitor of microsomal oxidases and carboxylesterase in insects. O,O-diethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate SV-1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000883 SV1 IDOMAL:0000883 A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. It is an inhibitor of microsomal oxidases and carboxylesterase in insects. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000886 A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. 5-{bis[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl}-1,3-benzodioxole idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000888 piprotal IDOMAL:0000888 A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. dipropyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-7-methylnaphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxole-5,6-dicarboxylate idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000891 propyl isome IDOMAL:0000891 A substance acting as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL Sesamol is a natural organic compound which is a component of sesame oil. 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl (1R,3aR,4S,6aR)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)perhydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-1-yl ether idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000893 sesamolin IDOMAL:0000893 Sesamol is a natural organic compound which is a component of sesame oil. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0000895 A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. idomal_namespace S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate IDOMAL:0000898 tribufos IDOMAL:0000898 A chemical substance that acts as an insecticide synergist. KL:KL A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of various pathogens and predators of insect disease vectors. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:20:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000900 biological mosquito control IDOMAL:0000900 A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of various pathogens and predators of insect disease vectors. KL:KL A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of various predators of insect disease vectors. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:21:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000902 introduction of predators of mosquito vectors IDOMAL:0000902 A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of various predators of insect disease vectors. KL:KL The usage of B. israelensis in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000905 introduction of B. israelensis IDOMAL:0000905 The usage of B. israelensis in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. KL:KL The usage of B. sphaericus in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000907 introduction of B. sphaericus IDOMAL:0000907 The usage of B. sphaericus in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. KL:KL The usage of Coelomyces in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000909 introduction of Coelomyces IDOMAL:0000909 The usage of Coelomyces in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. KL:KL The usage of Culicinomyces in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000911 introduction of Culicinomyces IDOMAL:0000911 The usage of Culicinomyces in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. KL:KL The usage of Lagenidium in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000913 introduction of Lagenidium IDOMAL:0000913 The usage of Lagenidium in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. KL:KL A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of a nematode that parasitizes mosquito larvae. . Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000916 introduction of Romanomermis culicivorax IDOMAL:0000916 A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of a nematode that parasitizes mosquito larvae. . KL:KL A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of larvivorous fish. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:26:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000918 introduction of larvivorous fish IDOMAL:0000918 A method of mosquito control based on the introduction into the environment of larvivorous fish. KL:KL true IDOMAL:000092 The deliberate diversion of vectors to animal hosts, mostly in rural areas, to keep humans from being bitten by infected mosquitoes. Administrator 2008-06-24T07:27:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000923 zooprophylaxis IDOMAL:0000923 The deliberate diversion of vectors to animal hosts, mostly in rural areas, to keep humans from being bitten by infected mosquitoes. KL:KL A chemical substance used for killing insects. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000930 insecticidal substance IDOMAL:0000930 A chemical substance used for killing insects. KL:KL IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A process relating to a population of malaria hosts. Administrator 2008-06-24T10:55:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000954 process of human host population IDOMAL:0000954 A process relating to a population of malaria hosts. KL:KL A process relating to malaria. Administrator 2008-06-24T10:55:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000959 process of malaria IDOMAL:0000959 A process relating to malaria. KL:KL A species belonging to the mammalian order Rodentia. louis 2008-07-30T10:28:45Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000963 rodent IDOMAL:0000963 A species belonging to the mammalian order Rodentia. KL:KL A vertebrate animal of the class Aves. louis 2008-07-30T10:29:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000980 bird IDOMAL:0000980 A vertebrate animal of the class Aves. KL:KL Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia, are air-breathing, cold-blooded amniotes that have skin covered in scales or scutes as opposed to hair or feathers. louis 2008-07-30T10:29:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000982 reptile IDOMAL:0000982 Reptiles, or members of the class Reptilia, are air-breathing, cold-blooded amniotes that have skin covered in scales or scutes as opposed to hair or feathers. Wikipedia:reptile Any species belonging to the genus Lemur. louis 2008-07-30T10:31:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000984 lemurs IDOMAL:0000984 Any species belonging to the genus Lemur. KL:KL Any of various wild oxen, sometimes domesticated, as the water buffalo of India or Cape buffalo of Africa. louis 2008-07-30T10:31:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000990 buffalo IDOMAL:0000990 Any of various wild oxen, sometimes domesticated, as the water buffalo of India or Cape buffalo of Africa. YourDictionary.com:Buffalo Any of a family (Cervidae) of ruminants, including the elk, moose, and reindeer. louis 2008-07-30T10:31:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000991 deer IDOMAL:0000991 Any of a family (Cervidae) of ruminants, including the elk, moose, and reindeer. yourDictionary.com:Deer Any species in the family Sciuridae. louis 2008-07-30T10:32:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000992 squirrel IDOMAL:0000992 Any species in the family Sciuridae. KL:KL Any species in the order Chiroptera. louis 2008-07-30T10:32:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000993 bat IDOMAL:0000993 Any species in the order Chiroptera. KL:KL A symbiont role borne by an organism in virtue of the fact that it derives a growth, survival, or fitness advantage from symbiosis while the other symbiont's growth, survival, or fitness is reduced. louis 2008-07-30T11:08:03Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0000995 parasite IDOMAL:0000995 A symbiont role borne by an organism in virtue of the fact that it derives a growth, survival, or fitness advantage from symbiosis while the other symbiont's growth, survival, or fitness is reduced. IDO:443 The process of entry of a Plasmodium parasite into an invertebrate host cell. louis 2008-07-30T12:00:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001004 Plasmodium penetration of invertebrate host IDOMAL:0001004 The process of entry of a Plasmodium parasite into an invertebrate host cell. KL:KL The process of entry of a Plasmodium parasite into a vertebrate host cell. louis 2008-07-30T12:00:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001006 Plasmodium penetration of vertebrate host IDOMAL:0001006 The process of entry of a Plasmodium parasite into a vertebrate host cell. KL:KL A collection of human individuals in an area in which malaria is endemic. louis 2008-07-30T12:34:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001008 human population in malarial areas IDOMAL:0001008 A collection of human individuals in an area in which malaria is endemic. KL:KL A collection of human individuals in an area in which malaria is not endemic. louis 2008-07-30T12:34:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001009 human population in non malarial areas IDOMAL:0001009 A collection of human individuals in an area in which malaria is not endemic. KL:KL Malaria transmission through transfer of infected blood into a patient by accident. louis 2008-07-30T12:44:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001010 accidental malaria transmission IDOMAL:0001010 Malaria transmission through transfer of infected blood into a patient by accident. KL:KL The process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. louis 2008-07-30T12:45:11Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001011 blood transfusion IDOMAL:0001011 The process of transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another. Wikipedia:bloodtransfusion The invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites upon entry in the bloodstream of the host. louis 2008-07-30T12:52:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001012 hepatocyte invasion IDOMAL:0001012 The invasion of hepatocytes by sporozoites upon entry in the bloodstream of the host. KL:KL A quality which refers to vectors. louis 2008-07-30T01:09:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001013 quality of vector IDOMAL:0001013 A quality which refers to vectors. PT:PT A quality which refers to vector population. louis 2008-07-30T01:09:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001014 quality of vector population IDOMAL:0001014 A quality which refers to vector population. PT:PT The return of P. vivax or P. ovale malaria after its apparent cessation, occuring weeks or months after the primary infection. louis 2008-07-30T01:19:14Z idomal_namespace dormancy IDOMAL:0001015 relapse IDOMAL:0001015 The return of P. vivax or P. ovale malaria after its apparent cessation, occuring weeks or months after the primary infection. KL:KL The recurrence of symptoms of P. falciparum malaria some days or weeks after a temporary abatement. louis 2008-07-30T01:19:14Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001016 recrudescence IDOMAL:0001016 The recurrence of symptoms of P. falciparum malaria some days or weeks after a temporary abatement. KL:KL A human population with acquired partial or full immunity against malaria. louis 2008-08-06T10:32:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001018 human population of immune individuals IDOMAL:0001018 A human population with acquired partial or full immunity against malaria. KL:KL A mouse is a small mammal belonging to the genus Mus. louis 2008-08-06T10:45:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001019 mouse IDOMAL:0001019 A mouse is a small mammal belonging to the genus Mus. KL:KL The usage of different pathogens of mosquitos, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. louis 2008-08-06T11:23:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001020 usage of mosquito pathogens IDOMAL:0001020 The usage of different pathogens of mosquitos, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. KL:KL The usage of B. thuringiensis in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. louis 2008-08-06T11:24:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001021 introduction of B. thuringiensis IDOMAL:0001021 The usage of B. thuringiensis in a potential vector breeding site/habitat to achieve reduction or elimination of a vector population. KL:KL The usage of bacterial pathogens of mosquitos, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. louis 2008-08-06T11:27:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001022 usage of bacterial pathogens IDOMAL:0001022 The usage of bacterial pathogens of mosquitos, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. KL:KL The usage of fungal pathogens of mosquitos, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. louis 2008-08-06T11:27:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001023 usage of fungal pathogens IDOMAL:0001023 The usage of fungal pathogens of mosquitos, usually for the purpose of mosquito control. KL:KL Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source. louis 2008-08-06T11:56:41Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001024 screening material IDOMAL:0001024 Wire or cloth mesh used to prevent insects from entering a building or landing on a potential food source. KL:KL A mesh screen blocking entry of insecticides through an opening. louis 2008-08-06T11:58:28Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001025 frame screen IDOMAL:0001025 A mesh screen blocking entry of insecticides through an opening. KL:KL Netting hung over a bed to keep out mosquitos and other insects. louis 2008-08-06T11:58:28Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001026 bednet IDOMAL:0001026 Netting hung over a bed to keep out mosquitos and other insects. KL:KL A screen preventing insects from crossing an open door. louis 2008-08-06T12:00:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001027 door screen IDOMAL:0001027 A screen preventing insects from crossing an open door. KL:KL A screen preventing insects from crossing an open window. louis 2008-08-06T12:00:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001028 window screen IDOMAL:0001028 A screen preventing insects from crossing an open window. KL:KL A screen preventing insects from arriving at a porch. louis 2008-08-06T12:00:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001029 porch screen IDOMAL:0001029 A screen preventing insects from arriving at a porch. KL:KL A bednet that has not been treated with insecticides. louis 2008-08-06T12:02:45Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001030 untreated net IDOMAL:0001030 A bednet that has not been treated with insecticides. KL:KL Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting. louis 2008-08-06T12:03:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001031 protective clothing IDOMAL:0001031 Clothes worn in order to prevent mosquitoes from biting. KL:KL A case of malaria occurring, sporadically, in areas wjere malaria is not endemic. louis 2008-08-06T12:36:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001032 sporadic malaria IDOMAL:0001032 A case of malaria occurring, sporadically, in areas wjere malaria is not endemic. KL:KL A molecular mechanism that renders a vector organism refractory to effectively hosting a vector. Pantelis 2008-08-21T11:09:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001033 mechanism of refractoriness IDOMAL:0001033 A molecular mechanism that renders a vector organism refractory to effectively hosting a vector. KL:KL A non-living object. louis 2008-09-09T10:48:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001034 abiotic object IDOMAL:0001034 A non-living object. KL:KL The epidemiological analysis of malaria. louis 2008-09-09T11:05:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001037 process of malaria epidemiology IDOMAL:0001037 The epidemiological analysis of malaria. KL:KL Use of chemical repellent to keep vectors far from humans. louis 2008-09-09T11:28:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001038 usage of repellent IDOMAL:0001038 Use of chemical repellent to keep vectors far from humans. KL:KL A process by which an organism acquires immunity to an infectious agent. louis 2008-09-09T11:50:01Z immunisation idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001039 immunization IDOMAL:0001039 A process by which an organism acquires immunity to an infectious agent. IDO:497 The administration of antigenic material (the vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease. louis 2008-09-09T11:50:24Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001040 vaccination IDOMAL:0001040 The administration of antigenic material (the vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease. Wikipedia:vaccination The preference for feeding on animals. louis 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001041 zoophily IDOMAL:0001041 The preference for feeding on animals. ISBN:034057190X The preference for feeding on humans. louis 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001042 anthropophily IDOMAL:0001042 The preference for feeding on humans. ISBN:034057190X The habit of remaining within a man-made shelter throughout the whole or a definite part of the gonotrophic cycle. louis 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001043 endophily IDOMAL:0001043 The habit of remaining within a man-made shelter throughout the whole or a definite part of the gonotrophic cycle. ISBN:034057190X The habit of spending the greater part of the gonotrophic cycle out of doors. louis 2008-09-09T01:14:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001044 exophily IDOMAL:0001044 The habit of spending the greater part of the gonotrophic cycle out of doors. ISBN:034057190X The habit of obtaining the blood meal within a man-made structure. Pantelis 2008-09-10T09:49:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001045 endophagy IDOMAL:0001045 The habit of obtaining the blood meal within a man-made structure. ISBN:034057190X The habit of seeking the blood meal out of doors. Pantelis 2008-09-10T09:49:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001046 exophagy IDOMAL:0001046 The habit of seeking the blood meal out of doors. ISBN:034057190X Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the vertebrate host. Pantelis 2008-09-11T10:27:21Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001047 vertebrate host stage IDOMAL:0001047 Any life cycle stage of Plasmodium that is spent in the vertebrate host. PT:PT true IDOMAL:0001048 true IDOMAL:0001050 true IDOMAL:0001051 An acute febrile illness characterized by periodic febrile paroxysms caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. Pantelis 2008-12-22T08:45:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001052 malaria IDOMAL:0001052 An acute febrile illness characterized by periodic febrile paroxysms caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium. KL:KL Any case of malaria occurring. Pantelis 2008-12-22T08:52:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001053 occurrence of malaria IDOMAL:0001053 Any case of malaria occurring. KL:KL A process relating to a malaria host. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:35:37Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001054 process of human host IDOMAL:0001054 A process relating to a malaria host. KL:KL A vaccine against malaria. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:39:47Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001055 malaria vaccine IDOMAL:0001055 A vaccine against malaria. KL:KL A process relating to a malaria pathogen. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:43:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001058 process of malaria pathogen IDOMAL:0001058 A process relating to a malaria pathogen. KL:KL A process relating to a malaria vector. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:44:37Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001059 process of malaria vector IDOMAL:0001059 A process relating to a malaria vector. KL:KL A process relating to a population of malaria vectors. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:45:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001060 process of malaria vector population IDOMAL:0001060 A process relating to a population of malaria vectors. KL:KL An anopheline mosquito transmitting malaria. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:52:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001061 malaria vector IDOMAL:0001061 An anopheline mosquito transmitting malaria. KL:KL The host of (a) malaria parasite(s). Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:56:55Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001062 malaria host IDOMAL:0001062 The host of (a) malaria parasite(s). KL:KL A malaria parasite naturally infecting humans and using them as a reservoir for disease. Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:59:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001065 human malaria parasite IDOMAL:0001065 A malaria parasite naturally infecting humans and using them as a reservoir for disease. KL:KL Pantelis 2009-01-07T08:59:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001066 malaria pathogen true IDOMAL:0001066 A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. Pantelis 2009-05-10T07:43:54Z CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 CHEBI:36080 CHEBI:13677 CHEBI:14911 CHEBI:36080 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001067 protein IDOMAL:0001067 A biological macromolecule minimally consisting of one polypeptide chain synthesized at the ribosome. CHEBI:36080 A protein that is produced by a host. Pantelis 2009-05-10T07:45:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001068 host protein IDOMAL:0001068 A protein that is produced by a host. KL:KL A protein that is naturally found in Plasmodium parasites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T07:45:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001069 Plasmodium parasite protein IDOMAL:0001069 A protein that is naturally found in Plasmodium parasites. KL:KL A protein that is naturally found in disease vectors. Pantelis 2009-05-10T07:45:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001070 vector protein IDOMAL:0001070 A protein that is naturally found in disease vectors. KL:KL A surface protein expressed in the of the ookinete which interacts with calreticulin on the midgut apical surface of the malaria vector. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001071 P25 IDOMAL:0001071 A surface protein expressed in the of the ookinete which interacts with calreticulin on the midgut apical surface of the malaria vector. PMID:17442413 PMID:4039406 A ookinete surface protein which interacts with laminin gamma1 present in mosquito midgut basal lamina. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Pbs-21 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001072 P28 IDOMAL:0001072 A ookinete surface protein which interacts with laminin gamma1 present in mosquito midgut basal lamina. PMID:2440053 Pbs-21 PMID:2440053 A soluble protein that is expressed and secreted by ookinetes via micronemes. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z secreted ookinete adhesive protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001073 SOAP IDOMAL:0001073 A soluble protein that is expressed and secreted by ookinetes via micronemes. PMID:12828632 A transmembrane protein expressed in ookinete micronemes. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z circumsporozoite and TRAP related protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001074 CTRP IDOMAL:0001074 A transmembrane protein expressed in ookinete micronemes. PMID:10562534 A micronemal, ookinete, small secreted soluble protein which forms high molecular mass complexes via disulphide bonds. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z von Willebrand Factor A domain related protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001075 WARP IDOMAL:0001075 A micronemal, ookinete, small secreted soluble protein which forms high molecular mass complexes via disulphide bonds. PMID:11463467 A protein with the ability to hydrolyze chitin. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z chitinase idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001076 PbCHT1 IDOMAL:0001076 A protein with the ability to hydrolyze chitin. PMID:11349074 A micronemal protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z cell traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001077 celTOS IDOMAL:0001077 A micronemal protein. PMID:16468982 A protein expressed in ookinetes required to cross the layer between blood meal and the midgut epithelium. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace calcium dependent protein kinase 3 IDOMAL:0001078 CDPK3 IDOMAL:0001078 A protein expressed in ookinetes required to cross the layer between blood meal and the midgut epithelium. PMID:16430692 A single molecule with a guanylate cyclase domain and N-terminal P-type ATPase like domain. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001079 PbGC beta guanylate cyclase IDOMAL:0001079 A single molecule with a guanylate cyclase domain and N-terminal P-type ATPase like domain. PMID:17030505 A micronemal protein with a membrane attack complex and perforin-related domain. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Membrane attack protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001080 MAOP IDOMAL:0001080 A micronemal protein with a membrane attack complex and perforin-related domain. PMID:15520375 A protein found on mosquito salivary glands and on midgut microvilli. Pantelis 2009-05-13T11:11:04Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001081 calreticulin IDOMAL:0001081 A protein found on mosquito salivary glands and on midgut microvilli. PMID:12124367 PMID:15733320 PMID:17442413 A secreted protein expressed in ookinete stage forming protein aggregates that are often associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Subtisilin-like serine protease idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001082 PbSub2 IDOMAL:0001082 A secreted protein expressed in ookinete stage forming protein aggregates that are often associated with the actin cytoskeleton. PMID:11080150 A transmembrane protein present on the parasite surface and in the micronemes. It is produced by sporozoites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001083 Trap IDOMAL:0001083 A transmembrane protein present on the parasite surface and in the micronemes. It is produced by sporozoites. PMID:19148273 A protein expressed in oocyst - derived and salivary gland associated sporozoites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z sporozoite invasion-associated protein-1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001084 SIAP-1 IDOMAL:0001084 A protein expressed in oocyst - derived and salivary gland associated sporozoites. PMID:19181869 A GPI anchored protein covering uniformly the external surface of sporozoites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z circumsporozoite protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001085 CSP IDOMAL:0001085 A GPI anchored protein covering uniformly the external surface of sporozoites. PMID:14668012 A sporozoite specific transmembrane protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001086 S6 IDOMAL:0001086 A sporozoite specific transmembrane protein. PMID:19016774 A phospholipase localized in the surface of sporozoites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Plasmodium berghei phospholipase idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001087 Pb-PL IDOMAL:0001087 A phospholipase localized in the surface of sporozoites. PMID:15590623 A human protein expressed in the surface of red blood cells. Pantelis 2009-05-14T08:08:28Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001088 human band 3 protein IDOMAL:0001088 A human protein expressed in the surface of red blood cells. PMID:12692305 A protein possibly playing a role in sporozoite invasion. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001089 Thrombospondin related anonymous protein IDOMAL:0001089 A protein possibly playing a role in sporozoite invasion. KL:KL A micronemal protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Apical membrane antigen 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001090 AMA-1 IDOMAL:0001090 A micronemal protein. PMID:14676185 A sporozoite liver stage protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Sporozoite threonine and asparagines rich protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001091 STARP IDOMAL:0001091 A sporozoite liver stage protein. PMID:9368603 A Plasmodium falciparum liver stage specific protein found to encode tandem 17 amino acid repeats. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace liver stage antigen 1 IDOMAL:0001092 LSA-1 IDOMAL:0001092 A Plasmodium falciparum liver stage specific protein found to encode tandem 17 amino acid repeats. PMID:7515922 A highly conserved 200 kDa protein expressed in mosquito and liver stage parasites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z liver stage antigen 3 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001093 LSA-3 IDOMAL:0001093 A highly conserved 200 kDa protein expressed in mosquito and liver stage parasites. PMID:11062538 A protein expressed in sporozoite and liver stage of parasites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z sporozoite and liver stage antigen idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001094 SALSA IDOMAL:0001094 A protein expressed in sporozoite and liver stage of parasites. PMID:15003642 A protein produced in sporozoites localized in a mosquito salivary gland or in the liver infective sporozoite. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z sporozoite microneme protein essential for cell traversal idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001095 SPECT IDOMAL:0001095 A protein produced in sporozoites localized in a mosquito salivary gland or in the liver infective sporozoite. PMId:14737184 A single transmembrane like protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001096 MAEBL IDOMAL:0001096 A single transmembrane like protein. PMID:12021311 A protein expressed in several stages of the Plasmodium life cycle containing an altered thrombospondin repeat. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Plasmodium falciparum secreted protein with altered thrombospondin repeat idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001097 PfSPATR IDOMAL:0001097 A protein expressed in several stages of the Plasmodium life cycle containing an altered thrombospondin repeat. PMID:12716913 A protein expressed during the parasite's sexual and asexual stages. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001098 Stevor IDOMAL:0001098 A protein expressed during the parasite's sexual and asexual stages. PMID:15949631 A 25 kDa protein which shows affinity to human red blood cells. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001099 Pf25-IMP IDOMAL:0001099 A 25 kDa protein which shows affinity to human red blood cells. PMID:18556472 A 60 kDa protein located at the merozoite apical region and erythrocyte. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001100 MCP-1 IDOMAL:0001100 A 60 kDa protein located at the merozoite apical region and erythrocyte. PMID:2671726 A serine protease present in blood stage merozoites localized to the apical end. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z rhomboid protease idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001101 PbROM1 IDOMAL:0001101 A serine protease present in blood stage merozoites localized to the apical end. PMID:19148267 A rhoptric protease, highly specific able to cleave diverse adhesins. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001102 PfROM-1 IDOMAL:0001102 A rhoptric protease, highly specific able to cleave diverse adhesins. PMID:17596999 A specific rhoptric protease able to cleave diverse adhesins. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001103 PfROM-4 IDOMAL:0001103 A specific rhoptric protease able to cleave diverse adhesins. PMID:17596999 A subtilisin like serine protease discharged from exonemes into parasitoforous vacuole space. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001104 PfSUB1 IDOMAL:0001104 A subtilisin like serine protease discharged from exonemes into parasitoforous vacuole space. PMID:19214190 An integral membrane subtilisin like protease stored in micronemes. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z MESH merozoite surface sheddase idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001105 PfSUB2 IDOMAL:0001105 An integral membrane subtilisin like protease stored in micronemes. PMID:16322767 An active enzyme involved in heamoglobin degradation. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Plasmodium falciparum histoaspartic protease idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001106 HAP IDOMAL:0001106 An active enzyme involved in heamoglobin degradation. PMID:15899698 A specific protein of a vector. Pantelis 2009-05-13T12:19:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001107 laminin gamma1 IDOMAL:0001107 A specific protein of a vector. KL:KL A merozoite surface protein consisting of a charged, 225-residue-long N-terminal region and eleven 50-residue-long repeat sequences that binds to the RBC surface. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z glycophorin binding protein 130 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001108 GBP-130 IDOMAL:0001108 A merozoite surface protein consisting of a charged, 225-residue-long N-terminal region and eleven 50-residue-long repeat sequences that binds to the RBC surface. PMID:3512098 A protease expressed in merozoites as a protomer that is subsequently processed into four fragments. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z serine repeat antigen 5 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001109 SERA-5 IDOMAL:0001109 A protease expressed in merozoites as a protomer that is subsequently processed into four fragments. PMID:12228245 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001110 Pf12 IDOMAL:0001110 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. PMID:16203726 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001111 Pf38 IDOMAL:0001111 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. PMID:16203726 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001112 Pf41 IDOMAL:0001112 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. PMID:16203726 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001113 Pf92 IDOMAL:0001113 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. PMID:16203726 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001114 Pf113 IDOMAL:0001114 A merozoite protein containing six-cystein motifs. PMID:16203726 An 175 kDa protein localized in micronemes. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z erythrocyte binding antigen - 175 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001115 EBA-175 IDOMAL:0001115 An 175 kDa protein localized in micronemes. PMID:8009226 A protein expressed in late schizogony localized in micronemes. Paralogue of EBA-175. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z EBA-140 PfEBP-2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001116 BAEBL IDOMAL:0001116 A protein expressed in late schizogony localized in micronemes. Paralogue of EBA-175. PMID:12576308 A 181 kDa protein expressed in the late schizont stage and located in the micronemes. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z EBA-181 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001117 JESEBL IDOMAL:0001117 A 181 kDa protein expressed in the late schizont stage and located in the micronemes. PMID:15820749 A protein expressed in the late schizont stage and located in the micronemes. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001118 EBL-1 IDOMAL:0001118 A protein expressed in the late schizont stage and located in the micronemes. PMID:2884039 A rhoptry protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z PfNBP-1 Plasmodium falciparum normocyte binding protein -1 Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte binding protein homologue 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001119 PfRBP-H1 IDOMAL:0001119 A rhoptry protein. PMID:11733572 A 370 kDa protein located in rhoptries of merozoites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z reticulocyte binding protein 2 homologue a idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001120 PfRBP-2Ha IDOMAL:0001120 A 370 kDa protein located in rhoptries of merozoites. PMID:12606570 A 350 kDa protein located in rhoptries. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z reticulocyte binding protein 2 homologue b idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001121 PfRBP-2Hb IDOMAL:0001121 A 350 kDa protein located in rhoptries. PMID:12228308 A 220 kDa transmembrane merozoite protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001122 PfRh4 IDOMAL:0001122 A 220 kDa transmembrane merozoite protein. XX:12034462 A rhoptry protein present during asexual blood stage parasite development. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z rhoptry associated protein 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001123 RAP-1 IDOMAL:0001123 A rhoptry protein present during asexual blood stage parasite development. PMID:10835342 A merozoite rhoptry protein with a molecular weight of 40-42 kDa. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z RAP2 rhoptry associated protein 2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001124 RAP-2 IDOMAL:0001124 A merozoite rhoptry protein with a molecular weight of 40-42 kDa. PMID:2200961 A 37-40 kDa protein located in merozoite rhoptries. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z rhoptry associated protein 3 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001125 RAP-3 IDOMAL:0001125 A 37-40 kDa protein located in merozoite rhoptries. PMID:12183575 A high molecular weight protein expressed in rhoptries. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001126 clag9 IDOMAL:0001126 A high molecular weight protein expressed in rhoptries. PMID:11738712 A 110-kDa rhoptry protein secreted from the organelle into the erythrocyte membrane. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001127 RhopH3 IDOMAL:0001127 A 110-kDa rhoptry protein secreted from the organelle into the erythrocyte membrane. PMID:1889471 A 60 kDa protein anchored to merozoite membrane via its GPI tail. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z rhoptry associated membrane antigen idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001128 RAMA IDOMAL:0001128 A 60 kDa protein anchored to merozoite membrane via its GPI tail. PMID:16088836 A 155 kDa protein expressed on the surface of ring infected red blood cell. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Ring infected erythrocyte surface antigen idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001129 RESA-155 IDOMAL:0001129 A 155 kDa protein expressed on the surface of ring infected red blood cell. PMID:3537955 A protein synthesized during early ring stages and transported to infected red blood cells membrane surface during the trophozoite stage. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z ring infected erythrocyte surface antigen like protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001130 RESA-like protein IDOMAL:0001130 A protein synthesized during early ring stages and transported to infected red blood cells membrane surface during the trophozoite stage. PMID:12368864 A conserved protein 85 to 105 kDa expressed during the middle and late stages of the malarial parasite asexual cycle. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z KAHRP histidine rich protein I knob associated histidine rich protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001131 HRP-I IDOMAL:0001131 A conserved protein 85 to 105 kDa expressed during the middle and late stages of the malarial parasite asexual cycle. PMID:3301325 A secreted soluble protein present in parasite cytoplasm. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z histidine rich protein II idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001132 HRP-II IDOMAL:0001132 A secreted soluble protein present in parasite cytoplasm. PMID:10518033 A 29 kDa protein located in Maurer's clefts. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Plasmodium falciparum membrane associated histidine rich protein 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001133 MAHRP-1 IDOMAL:0001133 A 29 kDa protein located in Maurer's clefts. PMID:12815049 XX: A knob-associated cytoadherent protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001134 PfEMP-1 IDOMAL:0001134 A knob-associated cytoadherent protein. PMID:17398133 PMID:1773882 A 325 kDa protein expressed in the apical pole of the merozoite. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001135 PvRBR-1 IDOMAL:0001135 A 325 kDa protein expressed in the apical pole of the merozoite. PMID:1617731 A 330 kDa protein expressed in the apical pole of the merozoite. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001136 PvRBR-2 IDOMAL:0001136 A 330 kDa protein expressed in the apical pole of the merozoite. PMID:1617731 A 235kDA rhoptry protein. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z reticulocyte binding protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001137 Py235 IDOMAL:0001137 A 235kDA rhoptry protein. PMID:11378199 A Plasmodium vivax protein which binds to Duffy blood group antigen. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:07:12Z Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001138 PvDBP IDOMAL:0001138 A Plasmodium vivax protein which binds to Duffy blood group antigen. PMID:19000655 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z SPECT-2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001139 PPLP-1 IDOMAL:0001139 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. PMID:14668008 SPECT-2 PMID:15659064 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001140 PPLP-2 IDOMAL:0001140 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. PMID:144668008 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001141 PPLP-3 IDOMAL:0001141 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. PMID:144668008 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:08:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001142 PPLP-4 IDOMAL:0001142 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. PMID:144668008 Two Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins binding to erythrocyte band 3 form a direct complex. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z merozoite surface protein 1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001143 MSP-1 IDOMAL:0001143 Two Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins binding to erythrocyte band 3 form a direct complex. PMID:12692305 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001144 MSP-2 IDOMAL:0001144 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. PMID:3293051 A 48 kDa protein derived from a variable higher molecular weight precursor protein and undergoes proteolytic processing in the parasitoforous vacuole before secreted on the merozoite surface. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z SPAM merozoite surface protein 3 secreted polymorphic antigen associated with merozoites idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001145 MSP-3 IDOMAL:0001145 A 48 kDa protein derived from a variable higher molecular weight precursor protein and undergoes proteolytic processing in the parasitoforous vacuole before secreted on the merozoite surface. PMID:7891748 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z merozoite surface protein 4 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001146 MSP-4 IDOMAL:0001146 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. PMID:17944453 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z merozoite surface protein 5 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001147 MSP-5 IDOMAL:0001147 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. PMID:9719507 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z merozoite surface protein 6 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001148 MSP-6 IDOMAL:0001148 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. PMID:15039357 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z idomal_namespace merozoite surface protein 7 IDOMAL:0001149 MSP-7 IDOMAL:0001149 A major membrane protein attached to the merozoite surface through a GPI anchor. PMID:17944453 A 69.4 kDa intracellular membrane protein that is transcribed and translated in the ring stage localized to the parasite plasma membrane and it is absent from the surface of merozoites. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z merozoite surface protein 8 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001150 MSP-8 IDOMAL:0001150 A 69.4 kDa intracellular membrane protein that is transcribed and translated in the ring stage localized to the parasite plasma membrane and it is absent from the surface of merozoites. PMID:15972477 A 191 kDa protein located on merozoite surface and on infected red blood cells within the parasitoforous vacuole. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z ABRA acid basic repeat antigen merozoite surface protein 9 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001151 MSP-9 IDOMAL:0001151 A 191 kDa protein located on merozoite surface and on infected red blood cells within the parasitoforous vacuole. PMID:16289042 A 61.2 kDa protein anchored to the merozoite membrane via GPI. Pantelis 2009-05-10T08:10:05Z merozoite surface protein 10 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001152 MSP-10 IDOMAL:0001152 A 61.2 kDa protein anchored to the merozoite membrane via GPI. PMID:15820753 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. Pantelis 2009-05-13T07:42:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001153 PPLP-5 IDOMAL:0001153 A putative secreted protein conserved across the Plasmodium species characterized by a MACPF-like domain. PMID:144668008 A secreted protein expressed in the salivary glands of Anopheles gambiae. Pantelis 2009-05-13T08:16:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001154 saglin IDOMAL:0001154 A secreted protein expressed in the salivary glands of Anopheles gambiae. PMID:18093000 Glycophorin A is a sialoglycoprotein isolated from human erythrocyte membranes which seems to exist as stable dimeric complexes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Pantelis 2009-05-14T09:38:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001155 human glycophorin A IDOMAL:0001155 Glycophorin A is a sialoglycoprotein isolated from human erythrocyte membranes which seems to exist as stable dimeric complexes in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID:175830 A protein expressed in the membrane of erythrocytes. Pantelis 2009-05-14T10:26:14Z sialoglycoprotein D idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001156 human glycophorin C IDOMAL:0001156 A protein expressed in the membrane of erythrocytes. PMID:732312 A 352 amino acid protein with a putative signal sequence, transmembrane domain and thrombospondin structural homology repeat. Pantelis 2009-05-14T10:44:02Z Plasmodium thrombospondin-related apical merozoite protein idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001157 PTRAMP IDOMAL:0001157 A 352 amino acid protein with a putative signal sequence, transmembrane domain and thrombospondin structural homology repeat. PMID:15003842 A 130-kDa rhoptry protein secreted from the organelle into the erythrocyte membrane. Pantelis 2009-05-14T11:34:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001158 RhopH2 IDOMAL:0001158 A 130-kDa rhoptry protein secreted from the organelle into the erythrocyte membrane. PMID:7496381 A major component of red blood cell's cytoskeleton. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:25:31Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001159 human spectrin IDOMAL:0001159 A major component of red blood cell's cytoskeleton. PMID:15998 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z rhoph1/clag2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001160 clag2 IDOMAL:0001160 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. PMID:18155305 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z rhoph1/clag3.1 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001161 clag3.1 IDOMAL:0001161 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. PMID:18155305 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z rhoph1/clag3.2 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001162 clag3.2 IDOMAL:0001162 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. PMID:18155305 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:06:06Z rhoph1/clag8 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001163 clag8 IDOMAL:0001163 A rhoptry protein located in the merozoite apical extreme. PMID:18155305 Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa highly conserved protein found in almost all eukaryotic cells. It is also one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans. Actin is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:25:31Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001164 human actin IDOMAL:0001164 Actin is a globular, roughly 42-kDa highly conserved protein found in almost all eukaryotic cells. It is also one of the most highly-conserved proteins, differing by no more than 20% in species as diverse as algae and humans. Actin is the monomeric subunit of two types of filaments in cells: microfilaments, one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton, and thin filaments, part of the contractile apparatus in muscle cells. Wikipedia:actin A membrane protein identified as the target of spectrin a cytoskeletal protein. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:25:31Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001165 human ankyrin IDOMAL:0001165 A membrane protein identified as the target of spectrin a cytoskeletal protein. PMID:372182 A protein expressed in erythrocytes. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:25:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001166 human band 4.1 protein IDOMAL:0001166 A protein expressed in erythrocytes. PMID:965498 true IDOMAL:0001167 It is a membrane glycoprotein found on various cell types like human erythrocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and B cells. It is member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1. Pantelis 2009-05-15T12:55:54Z immune adherence receptor C3b/C4b receptor CR1 CD35 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001169 complement receptor 1 IDOMAL:0001169 It is a membrane glycoprotein found on various cell types like human erythrocytes, monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and B cells. It is member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1. ISBN:0-8493-1567-0 Wikipedia:Complementreceptor1 true IDOMAL:0001170 A 35 to 43 kDa protein found in erythrocytes. Duffy-negative individuals are completely resistant to P. vivax infections. Pantelis 2009-05-15T01:13:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001171 human Duffy blood group antigen IDOMAL:0001171 A 35 to 43 kDa protein found in erythrocytes. Duffy-negative individuals are completely resistant to P. vivax infections. PMID:14802995 PMID:6695171 A role borne by a site which provides habitat for anopheline larvae and on which a female mosquito lays its eggs. louis 2009-06-03T12:01:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001175 Anopheles breeding site role IDOMAL:0001175 A role borne by a site which provides habitat for anopheline larvae and on which a female mosquito lays its eggs. KL:KL A larger collection of non-salty water, natural (e.g. lake) or artificial (e.g. pool). louis 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001176 permanent or semi-permanent standing fresh water true IDOMAL:0001176 A larger collection of non-salty water, natural (e.g. lake) or artificial (e.g. pool). KL:KL Smaller rain-filled depressions. louis 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001177 transient fresh water collection true IDOMAL:0001177 Smaller rain-filled depressions. KL:KL Non-salty water that flaws naturally (e.g. stream) or artificially (e.g. canal). louis 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001178 permanent or semi-permanent running fresh water true IDOMAL:0001178 Non-salty water that flaws naturally (e.g. stream) or artificially (e.g. canal). KL:KL true IDOMAL:0001179 Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. louis 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001180 brackish water true IDOMAL:0001180 Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. KL:KL A transient accumulation of rain water in a depression on a field. louis 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001181 pool in a field true IDOMAL:0001181 A transient accumulation of rain water in a depression on a field. KL:KL A water pool in stream that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. louis 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001182 stagnant stream bed true IDOMAL:0001182 A water pool in stream that has either permanently or temporally lost its water. KL:KL A depression made by an animal hoof while the soil was wet and later dried and filled with rain water. louis 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001183 water-filled cattle hoof print true IDOMAL:0001183 A depression made by an animal hoof while the soil was wet and later dried and filled with rain water. KL:KL A rain water-filled track of a tyre left in mud and later dried. louis 2009-06-03T12:15:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001184 pool in car track true IDOMAL:0001184 A rain water-filled track of a tyre left in mud and later dried. KL:KL A coastel marsh (low poorly drained land) with brackish water. louis 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001185 brackish water marsh IDOMAL:0001185 A coastel marsh (low poorly drained land) with brackish water. KL:KL A pond filled with brackish water. louis 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001186 brackish water pond IDOMAL:0001186 A pond filled with brackish water. KL:KL A coastal region saturated with brackish water. louis 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001187 brackish water non-tidal swamp IDOMAL:0001187 A coastal region saturated with brackish water. KL:KL A swamp whose water content depends on the tides. louis 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001188 tidal swamp IDOMAL:0001188 A swamp whose water content depends on the tides. KL:KL Any small collection of brackish water. louis 2009-06-03T12:28:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001189 small collection of brackish water IDOMAL:0001189 Any small collection of brackish water. KL:KL A depression in a rock in which water could accumulate. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001190 rock hole IDOMAL:0001190 A depression in a rock in which water could accumulate. KL:KL A natural cavity in a tree. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001191 tree hole IDOMAL:0001191 A natural cavity in a tree. KL:KL The angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001192 plant axil IDOMAL:0001192 The angle between the upper side of the stem and a leaf, branch, or petiole. KL:KL An epiphytic plant in which water accumulates. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001193 epiphytic water-bearing plant IDOMAL:0001193 An epiphytic plant in which water accumulates. KL:KL Any kind of container that has been discarded in the environment by man. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001194 discarded container IDOMAL:0001194 Any kind of container that has been discarded in the environment by man. KL:KL A small hole in the soil used as a habitat by crabs. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001195 crab hole IDOMAL:0001195 A small hole in the soil used as a habitat by crabs. KL:KL A crack in dried mud. louis 2009-06-03T12:29:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001196 crack in mud IDOMAL:0001196 A crack in dried mud. KL:KL Any kind of natural container that has been discarded in the environment by man, such as a coconut husk. louis 2009-06-03T12:30:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001197 natural discarded container true IDOMAL:0001197 Any kind of natural container that has been discarded in the environment by man, such as a coconut husk. KL:KL Any kind of artificial container that has been discarded in the environment by man, such as a tin, a bottle or a used tyre. louis 2009-06-03T12:30:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001198 artificial discarded container true IDOMAL:0001198 Any kind of artificial container that has been discarded in the environment by man, such as a tin, a bottle or a used tyre. KL:KL Fresh water running in a small stream with vegetation. louis 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001199 open stream with vegetation IDOMAL:0001199 Fresh water running in a small stream with vegetation. KL:KL Fresh water running in a small stream over gravel or similar material. louis 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001200 stream bed running over gravel true IDOMAL:0001200 Fresh water running in a small stream over gravel or similar material. KL:KL Fresh water running slowly in a man-made canal. louis 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001201 flowing water in canal IDOMAL:0001201 Fresh water running slowly in a man-made canal. KL:KL Fresh water running slowly in a man-made ditch. louis 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001202 flowing water in ditch IDOMAL:0001202 Fresh water running slowly in a man-made ditch. KL:KL Fresh water running in a small stream in a forest. louis 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001203 stream in forest true IDOMAL:0001203 Fresh water running in a small stream in a forest. KL:KL Fresh water running in a small natural stream in a plantation. louis 2009-06-03T12:32:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001204 stream in plantation true IDOMAL:0001204 Fresh water running in a small natural stream in a plantation. KL:KL A marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001205 large open marsh IDOMAL:0001205 A marsh, or morass, is a type of wetland which is subject to frequent or continuous flood. Wikipedia:Marsh The part of a larger lake that resembles a marsh. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001206 marshy part of lake IDOMAL:0001206 The part of a larger lake that resembles a marsh. KL:KL A pond is an inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001207 small pond IDOMAL:0001207 A pond is an inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake. Wikipedia:pond A small, deep body of water. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001208 small pool IDOMAL:0001208 A small, deep body of water. KL:KL An area where material (usually soil, gravel or sand) has been dug for use at another location. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001209 borrow-pit IDOMAL:0001209 An area where material (usually soil, gravel or sand) has been dug for use at another location. Wikipedia:borrowpit A man-made canal in which water is stagnant due to the lack of natural flow. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001210 stagnant canal IDOMAL:0001210 A man-made canal in which water is stagnant due to the lack of natural flow. KL:KL A man-made ditch in which water is stagnant due to the lack of natural flow. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001211 stagnant ditch IDOMAL:0001211 A man-made ditch in which water is stagnant due to the lack of natural flow. KL:KL A pool close to, and fed by a spring. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001212 spring-fed pool IDOMAL:0001212 A pool close to, and fed by a spring. KL:KL An area in which water flows through pores and accumulates. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001214 seepage from higher contours true IDOMAL:0001214 An area in which water flows through pores and accumulates. KL:KL Standing water in a plantation, coming from irrigation. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001216 standing water in plantation IDOMAL:0001216 Standing water in a plantation, coming from irrigation. KL:KL An uncovered artificial excavation, hole or structure for the purpose of withdrawing water. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001217 open well IDOMAL:0001217 An uncovered artificial excavation, hole or structure for the purpose of withdrawing water. KL:KL A swamp in a forest. louis 2009-06-03T12:35:51Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001218 swamp in forest IDOMAL:0001218 A swamp in a forest. KL:KL Any primate that is not a prosimian (lemurs and tarsiers) or an ape. louis 2009-06-03T02:20:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001219 monkey IDOMAL:0001219 Any primate that is not a prosimian (lemurs and tarsiers) or an ape. KL:KL An ape is any member of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates. louis 2009-06-03T02:20:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001220 ape IDOMAL:0001220 An ape is any member of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates. KL:KL A taxon comprising two species of apes. louis 2009-06-03T02:22:20Z Pan idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001221 chimpanzee IDOMAL:0001221 A taxon comprising two species of apes. KL:KL Any primate species of the genus Gorilla. louis 2009-06-03T02:22:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001222 gorilla IDOMAL:0001222 Any primate species of the genus Gorilla. KL:KL Any of the two ape species of the genus Pongo. louis 2009-06-03T02:22:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001223 orangutan IDOMAL:0001223 Any of the two ape species of the genus Pongo. KL:KL A chimp species found in the forests of the RDC. louis 2009-06-03T02:25:04Z Pan paniscus Pygmy chimpanzee idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001224 bonobo IDOMAL:0001224 A chimp species found in the forests of the RDC. KL:KL A chimp species found in West and Central Africa. louis 2009-06-03T02:25:04Z Pan troglodytes idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001225 chimpanzee sensu stricto IDOMAL:0001225 A chimp species found in West and Central Africa. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0001226 A South East Asia macaque parasite. louis 2009-06-03T03:42:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001227 Plasmodium cynomolgi IDOMAL:0001227 A South East Asia macaque parasite. KL:KL A parasite causing malaria to monkeys and also found to be causing malaria naturally to humans in SE Asia. louis 2009-06-03T03:47:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001228 Plasmodium knowlesi IDOMAL:0001228 A parasite causing malaria to monkeys and also found to be causing malaria naturally to humans in SE Asia. KL:KL An African rodent parasite, often used as a model. louis 2009-06-04T08:17:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001229 Plasmodium berghei IDOMAL:0001229 An African rodent parasite, often used as a model. KL:KL A Southe East Asian parasite, often used as a model. louis 2009-06-04T08:17:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001230 Plasmodium gallinaceum IDOMAL:0001230 A Southe East Asian parasite, often used as a model. KL:KL An African rodent parasite, often used as a model. louis 2009-06-04T08:17:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001231 Plasmodium yoelii IDOMAL:0001231 An African rodent parasite, often used as a model. KL:KL A protein composed of four globin chains and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; its function is primarily to transport oxygen. louis 2009-06-04T08:31:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001232 human haemoglobin IDOMAL:0001232 A protein composed of four globin chains and heme that gives red blood cells their characteristic color; its function is primarily to transport oxygen. KL:KL A protein that is naturally found in humans. louis 2009-06-04T11:07:32Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001233 human host protein IDOMAL:0001233 A protein that is naturally found in humans. KL:KL The haemoglobin that is comprised of two alpha and two beta chains encoded by the corresponding wild type genes. louis 2009-06-04T11:11:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001234 wild type haemoglobin IDOMAL:0001234 The haemoglobin that is comprised of two alpha and two beta chains encoded by the corresponding wild type genes. KL:KL Any haemoglobin that is comprised of at least one chain encoded by a corresponding non-wild type gene. louis 2009-06-04T11:11:46Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001235 variant haemoglobin IDOMAL:0001235 Any haemoglobin that is comprised of at least one chain encoded by a corresponding non-wild type gene. KL:KL A variant haemoglobin with a substitution of a valine for glutamine at position 57 in the beta chain. louis 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z HbS Sickle cell haemoglobin idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001236 haemoglobin S IDOMAL:0001236 A variant haemoglobin with a substitution of a valine for glutamine at position 57 in the beta chain. KL:KL A commonest variant haemoglobin in the world with a substitution of a lysine for glutamine at position 26 in the beta chain. louis 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001237 haemoglobin E IDOMAL:0001237 A commonest variant haemoglobin in the world with a substitution of a lysine for glutamine at position 26 in the beta chain. KL:KL A variant haemoglobin with a substitution of a glutamate for lysine at position 6 in the beta chain. louis 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001238 haemoglobin C IDOMAL:0001238 A variant haemoglobin with a substitution of a glutamate for lysine at position 6 in the beta chain. KL:KL Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in either alpha or beta chain leading to the disease thalassaemia when in homozygous state. louis 2009-06-04T11:18:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001239 thalassaemia-related haemoglobin IDOMAL:0001239 Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in either alpha or beta chain leading to the disease thalassaemia when in homozygous state. KL:KL The first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate shunt whose deficiency leads, among others, to innate resistance to malaria. louis 2009-06-04T11:26:46Z G6PD idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001240 human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase IDOMAL:0001240 The first enzyme of the hexose monophosphate shunt whose deficiency leads, among others, to innate resistance to malaria. KL:KL A realizable dependent continuant that inheres in substances. louis 2009-06-29T01:46:09Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001241 condition IDOMAL:0001241 A realizable dependent continuant that inheres in substances. PT:PT Any condition of the human malaria host that is often the result of a disease. louis 2009-06-29T01:49:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001242 clinical feature true IDOMAL:0001242 Any condition of the human malaria host that is often the result of a disease. KL:KL Prevalence over a stated time period independent of whether the disease resulted from a new infection or not. louis 2009-06-04T11:49:59Z idomal_namespace period prevalence of malaria IDOMAL:0001243 incidence of malaria IDOMAL:0001243 Prevalence over a stated time period independent of whether the disease resulted from a new infection or not. KL:KL A case of malaria in or near an airport in a non-malarious area transmitted by a mosquito imported by plane from an endemic region. louis 2009-06-04T12:11:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001244 airport malaria IDOMAL:0001244 A case of malaria in or near an airport in a non-malarious area transmitted by a mosquito imported by plane from an endemic region. KL:KL Malaria cases resulting from the transfusion of blood taken from an infected individual. louis 2009-06-04T12:13:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001245 transfusion malaria IDOMAL:0001245 Malaria cases resulting from the transfusion of blood taken from an infected individual. KL:KL A given population of disease vectors in a specific area. louis 2009-06-04T01:39:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001246 disease vector population IDOMAL:0001246 A given population of disease vectors in a specific area. KL:KL The first developmental stage that immediately follows fertilization of the egg. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001247 embryonal stage IDOMAL:0001247 The first developmental stage that immediately follows fertilization of the egg. KL:KL The second developmental stage, immediately following the embryo stage upon moulting. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001248 first instar larval stage IDOMAL:0001248 The second developmental stage, immediately following the embryo stage upon moulting. KL:KL The developmental stage following the first instar larval stage. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001249 second instar larval stage IDOMAL:0001249 The developmental stage following the first instar larval stage. KL:KL The developmental stage following the third instar larval stage. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001250 third instar larval stage IDOMAL:0001250 The developmental stage following the third instar larval stage. KL:KL The last developmental stage before sclerotization and formation of the pupa. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001251 fourth instar larval stage IDOMAL:0001251 The last developmental stage before sclerotization and formation of the pupa. KL:KL The stage during which the larva transforms into an adult. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001252 pupal stage IDOMAL:0001252 The stage during which the larva transforms into an adult. KL:KL The winged and last stage of development. louis 2009-06-04T03:34:16Z imaginal stage idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001253 adult stage IDOMAL:0001253 The winged and last stage of development. KL:KL A population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area. louis 2009-06-05T02:38:25Z IDO:0000509 OBI:0000181 IDO:0000509 OBI:0000181 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001254 population IDOMAL:0001254 A population is a collection of individuals from the same taxonomic class living, counted or sampled at a particular site or in a particular area. OBI:0000181 A population of human beings. louis 2009-06-05T02:39:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001255 human population IDOMAL:0001255 A population of human beings. KL:KL A human organism that is protected against infectious disease by either specific or non-specific mechanisms. louis 2009-06-07T05:41:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001256 immune human IDOMAL:0001256 A human organism that is protected against infectious disease by either specific or non-specific mechanisms. KL:KL A human organism that is not protected against infectious disease by either specific or non-specific mechanisms. louis 2009-06-07T05:41:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001257 non-immune human IDOMAL:0001257 A human organism that is not protected against infectious disease by either specific or non-specific mechanisms. KL:KL One of three distinctive clinical syndromes in cases of P. falciparum malaria that are delineated by a series of criteria that have been put forward by the WHO. louis 2009-06-07T05:43:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001258 malaria-caused severe anaemia IDOMAL:0001258 One of three distinctive clinical syndromes in cases of P. falciparum malaria that are delineated by a series of criteria that have been put forward by the WHO. KL:KL One of three distinctive clinical syndromes in cases of P. falciparum malaria that are delineated by a series of criteria that have been put forward by the WHO. louis 2009-06-07T05:43:56Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001259 malaria-caused respiratory distress IDOMAL:0001259 One of three distinctive clinical syndromes in cases of P. falciparum malaria that are delineated by a series of criteria that have been put forward by the WHO. KL:KL Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in the alpha chain leading to the disease alpha thalassaemia when in homozygous state. louis 2009-06-09T12:17:47Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001260 alpha thalassaemia-related haemoglobin IDOMAL:0001260 Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in the alpha chain leading to the disease alpha thalassaemia when in homozygous state. KL:KL Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in the beta chain leading to the disease beta thalassaemia when in homozygous state. louis 2009-06-09T12:17:47Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001261 beta thalassaemia-related haemoglobin IDOMAL:0001261 Any variant haemoglobin with an aminoacid substitution in the beta chain leading to the disease beta thalassaemia when in homozygous state. KL:KL A given population of malaria vectors in a specific area. louis 2009-06-09T12:23:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001262 malaria vector population IDOMAL:0001262 A given population of malaria vectors in a specific area. KL:KL A protozoan species found in New World monkeys of the family Cebidae in northern South America and Panama, which can cause mild malaria in humans. louis 2009-06-09T12:30:30Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001263 Plasmodium brazilianum IDOMAL:0001263 A protozoan species found in New World monkeys of the family Cebidae in northern South America and Panama, which can cause mild malaria in humans. medilexicon.com:Plasmodium_brazilianum medilexicon.com:Plasmodiumbrazilianum A malarial parasite of Old World monkeys that occurs in isolated pockets throughout the Celebes, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. louis 2009-06-09T12:34:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001264 Plasmodium inui IDOMAL:0001264 A malarial parasite of Old World monkeys that occurs in isolated pockets throughout the Celebes, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines. INIST-CNRS:2087,_35400007582225.0110 A parasite causing malaria to chimpazees and gorillas. louis 2009-06-09T12:37:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001265 Plasmodium schwetzi IDOMAL:0001265 A parasite causing malaria to chimpazees and gorillas. KL:KL A parasite causing malaria infections in Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis monkeys. louis 2009-06-09T12:39:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001266 Plasmodium simium IDOMAL:0001266 A parasite causing malaria infections in Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis monkeys. KL:KL A malaria parasite naturally infecting rodents. louis 2009-06-09T12:48:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001267 rodent malaria parasite IDOMAL:0001267 A malaria parasite naturally infecting rodents. KL:KL A malaria parasite naturally infecting birds. louis 2009-06-09T12:52:48Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001268 bird malaria parasite IDOMAL:0001268 A malaria parasite naturally infecting birds. KL:KL A malaria parasite naturally infecting monkeys. The term monkey is used here in a wide sense, i.e. it includes apes (but not humans) as primary reservoir. louis 2009-06-09T12:54:06Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001269 monkey malaria parasite IDOMAL:0001269 A malaria parasite naturally infecting monkeys. The term monkey is used here in a wide sense, i.e. it includes apes (but not humans) as primary reservoir. KL:KL A subgenus of Plasmodium. louis 2009-06-09T12:59:05Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001270 subgenus Vinckeia IDOMAL:0001270 A subgenus of Plasmodium. KL:KL An African rodent parasite, often used as a model. louis 2009-06-09T01:00:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001271 Plasmodium chabaudi IDOMAL:0001271 An African rodent parasite, often used as a model. KL:KL An organsim that taxonomically belongs to the nematodes or roundworms (Phylum Nematoda), one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 80,000 different described species of which over 15,000 are parasitic. louis 2009-06-09T01:18:59Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001272 nematode IDOMAL:0001272 An organsim that taxonomically belongs to the nematodes or roundworms (Phylum Nematoda), one of the most common phyla of animals, with over 80,000 different described species of which over 15,000 are parasitic. KL:KL A nematode living in slow-moving freshwater, whose larval stages parasitize mosquito larvae. louis 2009-06-09T01:19:25Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001273 Romanomermis culicivorax IDOMAL:0001273 A nematode living in slow-moving freshwater, whose larval stages parasitize mosquito larvae. KL:KL true IDOMAL:0001274 A fish is any aquatic vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic (or cold-blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Fish are abundant in the sea and in fresh water, with species being known from mountain streams (e.g. char and gudgeon) as well as in the deepest depths of the ocean (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish). louis 2009-06-09T01:25:38Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001275 fish IDOMAL:0001275 A fish is any aquatic vertebrate animal that is typically ectothermic (or cold-blooded), covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Fish are abundant in the sea and in fresh water, with species being known from mountain streams (e.g. char and gudgeon) as well as in the deepest depths of the ocean (e.g., gulpers and anglerfish). Wikipedia:fish The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is a species of freshwater fish, also commonly known simply by its generic name, gambusia, although such usage is ambiguous. It is sometimes called the western mosquitofish, to distinguish it from the eastern mosquitofish (G. holbrooki). It is a member of the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes. The genus name 'gambusia' is derived from the Cuban Spanish term 'gambusino', meaning useless. louis 2009-06-09T01:27:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001276 Gambusia affinis IDOMAL:0001276 The mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) is a species of freshwater fish, also commonly known simply by its generic name, gambusia, although such usage is ambiguous. It is sometimes called the western mosquitofish, to distinguish it from the eastern mosquitofish (G. holbrooki). It is a member of the family Poeciliidae of order Cyprinodontiformes. The genus name 'gambusia' is derived from the Cuban Spanish term 'gambusino', meaning useless. Wikipedia:Mosquitofish Any organsim that parasitizes mosquitoes. louis 2009-06-09T01:30:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001277 mosquito parasite IDOMAL:0001277 Any organsim that parasitizes mosquitoes. KL:KL A fish that feeds on mosquito larvae. louis 2009-06-09T01:32:06Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001278 larvivorous fish IDOMAL:0001278 A fish that feeds on mosquito larvae. KL:KL Annual fishes are species that belong to the family Cyprinodontidae and which complete their life cycles within a year, their eggs requiring a dry period to develop fully. louis 2009-06-09T01:51:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001279 annual fish IDOMAL:0001279 Annual fishes are species that belong to the family Cyprinodontidae and which complete their life cycles within a year, their eggs requiring a dry period to develop fully. KL:KL An larvivorous annual fish. louis 2009-06-09T01:54:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001280 Nothobranchius guentheri IDOMAL:0001280 An larvivorous annual fish. KL:KL An larvivorous annual fish. louis 2009-06-09T01:54:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001281 Cynolebias whitei IDOMAL:0001281 An larvivorous annual fish. KL:KL The events occurring 2 to 3 days before the first malarial paroxysm during which the patient experiences mild symptoms that include malaise, fatigue, lassitude, a desire to stretch the limbs, headache, dizziness, pain in different areas of the body, anorexia, nausea and slight fever. louis 2009-06-09T03:06:16Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001282 prodromal stage IDOMAL:0001282 The events occurring 2 to 3 days before the first malarial paroxysm during which the patient experiences mild symptoms that include malaise, fatigue, lassitude, a desire to stretch the limbs, headache, dizziness, pain in different areas of the body, anorexia, nausea and slight fever. KL:KL A general therapeutic procedure applied for malaria. louis 2009-06-17T03:00:50Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001283 general therapeutic procedure IDOMAL:0001283 A general therapeutic procedure applied for malaria. KL:KL The use of defined chemical agents to treat or control disease. louis 2009-06-17T03:03:45Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001284 chemotherapy IDOMAL:0001284 The use of defined chemical agents to treat or control disease. KLXX:KL A role borne by an antiparasitic chemical compound in virtue of the fact that is has antiparasitic disposition and it is applied to an anatomical entity of a living organism to provide prophylaxis from malaria. louis 2009-06-29T11:03:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001285 malaria prophylaxis drug role IDOMAL:0001285 A role borne by an antiparasitic chemical compound in virtue of the fact that is has antiparasitic disposition and it is applied to an anatomical entity of a living organism to provide prophylaxis from malaria. KL:KL A parasite causing malaria. louis 2009-06-29T11:48:19Z malaria pathogen idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001286 malaria parasite IDOMAL:0001286 A parasite causing malaria. KL:KL An inherited condition that results in a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. louis 2009-06-29T12:05:02Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001287 G6PD deficiency IDOMAL:0001287 An inherited condition that results in a deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. KL:KL Ovalocytosis is an inherited condition in which a person's red blood cells, which are supposed to be round, instead have a slightly oval or elliptical shape. louis 2009-06-29T12:05:02Z hereditary elliptocytosis idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001288 ovalocytosis IDOMAL:0001288 Ovalocytosis is an inherited condition in which a person's red blood cells, which are supposed to be round, instead have a slightly oval or elliptical shape. Wikipedia:ovalocytosis true IDOMAL:0001289 A coma persisting for at least 30 minutes after a convulsion. louis 2009-06-29T03:03:12Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001290 unrousable coma IDOMAL:0001290 A coma persisting for at least 30 minutes after a convulsion. KL:KL The fact that an endophilic species rests inside the house after the meal. louis 2009-06-30T11:58:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001291 domestic behaviour IDOMAL:0001291 The fact that an endophilic species rests inside the house after the meal. KL:KL The fact that an exophilic species will never go indoors. louis 2009-06-30T11:58:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001292 wild behaviour IDOMAL:0001292 The fact that an exophilic species will never go indoors. KL:KL The fact that an endophilic species will go outdoors for resting after the meal. louis 2009-06-30T11:58:13Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001293 intermediate behaviour IDOMAL:0001293 The fact that an endophilic species will go outdoors for resting after the meal. KL:KL In vector-borne infections such as malaria, the vectorial capacity is a concept analogous to the contact rate in directly-transmitted diseases. It is, thus, a function of (a) the vector's density in relation to its vertebrate host, (b) the frequency with which it takes blood meals on the host species, (c) the duration of the latent period in the vector, and (d) the vector's life expectancy. louis 2009-06-30T12:02:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001294 vectorial capacity true IDOMAL:0001294 In vector-borne infections such as malaria, the vectorial capacity is a concept analogous to the contact rate in directly-transmitted diseases. It is, thus, a function of (a) the vector's density in relation to its vertebrate host, (b) the frequency with which it takes blood meals on the host species, (c) the duration of the latent period in the vector, and (d) the vector's life expectancy. Babylon:vectorialcapacity The ability of a vector to acquire a pathogen and to successfully transmit it to another susceptible host. louis 2009-06-30T12:02:22Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001295 vector competence IDOMAL:0001295 The ability of a vector to acquire a pathogen and to successfully transmit it to another susceptible host. KL:KL Protein molecules are cleaved into large peptides by proteinases (also called endopeptidases). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001296 cleavage by proteases IDOMAL:0001296 Protein molecules are cleaved into large peptides by proteinases (also called endopeptidases). ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a class of peptidases which are characterised by the presence of a serine residue in the active center of the enzyme. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001297 cleavage by serine proteases IDOMAL:0001297 The hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a class of peptidases which are characterised by the presence of a serine residue in the active center of the enzyme. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The cleavage of the lipids that are contained in mosquitoes' meal by enzymes, such as carboxylesterases, acetylesterases, arylesterases, that are present in the midgut of adult female mosquitoes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001298 cleavage by esterases IDOMAL:0001298 The cleavage of the lipids that are contained in mosquitoes' meal by enzymes, such as carboxylesterases, acetylesterases, arylesterases, that are present in the midgut of adult female mosquitoes. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The cleavage of glycosidic linkages by specific enzymes, carbohydrases. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001299 cleavage by carbohydrases IDOMAL:0001299 The cleavage of glycosidic linkages by specific enzymes, carbohydrases. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The large peptides are progressively shortened by peptidases (more specifically called exopeptidases). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0001300 cleavage by peptidases IDOMAL:0001300 The large peptides are progressively shortened by peptidases (more specifically called exopeptidases). ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The sequence of events that begins with the response of one individual to another of opposite sex and ends with insemination and parting. Mating often is proceded by swarming or other forms of epigamic behaviour. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002000 mating IDOMAL:0002000 The sequence of events that begins with the response of one individual to another of opposite sex and ends with insemination and parting. Mating often is proceded by swarming or other forms of epigamic behaviour. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002001 The fiat process part occuring in a malaria host. Pantelis 2009-07-19T11:47:15Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002002 fiat process part of malaria vector true IDOMAL:0002002 The fiat process part occuring in a malaria host. KL:KL The nervous arcs through which co-ordination is effected lie in the thoracic ganglia. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002003 flight orientation IDOMAL:0002003 The nervous arcs through which co-ordination is effected lie in the thoracic ganglia. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Two modes of feeding have been distinguished in male mosquitoes and one additional mode in females: water ingestion, nectar feeding and, for females only, blood feeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002004 Important aspects of the feeding behaviour of any mosquito species include (i) the identity of the vertebrate species on which it feeds in nature, (ii) whether its host range is restricted or unrestricted, (iii) the quantitative distribution of its feeds between host species in particular localities. adult feeding behaviour IDOMAL:0002004 Two modes of feeding have been distinguished in male mosquitoes and one additional mode in females: water ingestion, nectar feeding and, for females only, blood feeding. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A small volume of water is imbibed and passed into the midgut. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002005 water ingestion IDOMAL:0002005 A small volume of water is imbibed and passed into the midgut. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The first phase of the blood feeding; from time of alighting on the host to the time the stylets start to penetrate the skin. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002007 exploratory phase IDOMAL:0002007 The first phase of the blood feeding; from time of alighting on the host to the time the stylets start to penetrate the skin. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The phase of the blood feeding from first penetration of the skin to the first appearance of blood in the fascicle and cessation of palpal vibrations. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002008 probing phase IDOMAL:0002008 The phase of the blood feeding from first penetration of the skin to the first appearance of blood in the fascicle and cessation of palpal vibrations. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The phase of the blood feeding from first appearance of blood in the fascicle to the start of withdrawal. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002009 imbibing phase IDOMAL:0002009 The phase of the blood feeding from first appearance of blood in the fascicle to the start of withdrawal. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The phase of the blood feeding from first straightening of the forelegs to complete removal of the stylets from the skin. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002010 withdrawal phase IDOMAL:0002010 The phase of the blood feeding from first straightening of the forelegs to complete removal of the stylets from the skin. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 A meal acquired from two or more hosts, which may have been of the same species (single-species mixed meal) or different species (multi-species mixed meal). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002011 mixed meal IDOMAL:0002011 A meal acquired from two or more hosts, which may have been of the same species (single-species mixed meal) or different species (multi-species mixed meal). ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A blood meal resulting from a single feed. It may be complete or, as a result of interruption, incomplete. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002012 simple meal IDOMAL:0002012 A blood meal resulting from a single feed. It may be complete or, as a result of interruption, incomplete. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A second, third or yet further blood meal acquired in a single gonotrophic cycle through supplementary feeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002013 supplementary meal IDOMAL:0002013 A second, third or yet further blood meal acquired in a single gonotrophic cycle through supplementary feeding. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 During a single gonotrophic cycle, the female takes more than one blood meal. Multiple feeding involves multiple host contacts. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002014 multiple feeding IDOMAL:0002014 During a single gonotrophic cycle, the female takes more than one blood meal. Multiple feeding involves multiple host contacts. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Acquisition of a blood meal in two or more parts, the mosquito having left its host while only partly fed, due to disturbance, and having resumed feeding soon afterwards on the same or another host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002015 interrupted feeding IDOMAL:0002015 Acquisition of a blood meal in two or more parts, the mosquito having left its host while only partly fed, due to disturbance, and having resumed feeding soon afterwards on the same or another host. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Acquisition of additional blood meals after the first during a single gonotrophic cycle, independently of interruption due to disturbance, the feedings being separated by intervals of several hours to a day or more. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002016 supplementary feeding IDOMAL:0002016 Acquisition of additional blood meals after the first during a single gonotrophic cycle, independently of interruption due to disturbance, the feedings being separated by intervals of several hours to a day or more. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The control of feeding and distribution of food within the gut by integrated responses of the peripheral sensilla, central nervous system and, probably, the stomatogastric system. Feeding generally terminates in response to mechanical stimulation caused by swelling of the gut. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002017 regulation of food intake in adults IDOMAL:0002017 The control of feeding and distribution of food within the gut by integrated responses of the peripheral sensilla, central nervous system and, probably, the stomatogastric system. Feeding generally terminates in response to mechanical stimulation caused by swelling of the gut. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The regulation of the sugar intake in mosquitoes using chemosensilla and sugar receptors. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002018 regulation of sugar intake IDOMAL:0002018 The regulation of the sugar intake in mosquitoes using chemosensilla and sugar receptors. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 When mosquitoes drink, two control processes are involved: one regulates the destination of the fluid the other regulates the volume that is imbibed. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002019 regulation of destination and volume IDOMAL:0002019 When mosquitoes drink, two control processes are involved: one regulates the destination of the fluid the other regulates the volume that is imbibed. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Female mosquitoes gorge on blood when it is applied by capillary tube to the unsheathed fascicle or offered through an artificial membrane. Whether stimulation of just the larbal sensilla with blood is sufficient to induce drinking is not known, but certainly stimulation of both larbal and cibarial sensilla is sufficient. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002020 regulation of blood intake IDOMAL:0002020 Female mosquitoes gorge on blood when it is applied by capillary tube to the unsheathed fascicle or offered through an artificial membrane. Whether stimulation of just the larbal sensilla with blood is sufficient to induce drinking is not known, but certainly stimulation of both larbal and cibarial sensilla is sufficient. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The sequence of behaviour patterns exhibited by mosquitoes responding to hosts over a distance. Host-seeking behaviour terminates once feeding is initiated and blood ingestion begins. For each species, host-finding activity is exhibited during one or more periods in the diel. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002021 host seeking IDOMAL:0002021 The sequence of behaviour patterns exhibited by mosquitoes responding to hosts over a distance. Host-seeking behaviour terminates once feeding is initiated and blood ingestion begins. For each species, host-finding activity is exhibited during one or more periods in the diel. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Activation is the first response to host cues; it is the initial response in a sequence of behaviours that ends with arrival at the host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002022 Mosquitoes can be activated by host cues at any time. Un-fed, resting females of some species will attack at any hour if disturbed in their shelters by intrusion of a host or stimulated by odour from a nearby host. Such opportunistic biting has been observed in nocturnal mosquitoes disturbed by day. The activation step is readily observed in the laboratory but has seldom been described from the field. activation IDOMAL:0002022 Activation is the first response to host cues; it is the initial response in a sequence of behaviours that ends with arrival at the host. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The navigation of the mosquitoes towards potential hosts through their responses to a variety of cues emanating from them. Some host cues are chemical and others are physical. idomal_namespace long range orientation IDOMAL:0002023 long-range approach IDOMAL:0002023 The navigation of the mosquitoes towards potential hosts through their responses to a variety of cues emanating from them. Some host cues are chemical and others are physical. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 long range orientation ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The resting of females in their host's proximity after they had approached them and before making a final approach and feeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002024 This phenomenon is been described in some members of the Leucosphyrus Subgroup, in Anopheles dirus, in Anopheles gambie, Anopheles arabiensis, Culex quinquefasciatus. pre-attack resting IDOMAL:0002024 The resting of females in their host's proximity after they had approached them and before making a final approach and feeding. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The final stage of host finding; it comprises four steps. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002025 This phase of host finding may follow a long-range approach or, if arrival of a host activates a resting mosquito, it may start immediately after activation. The short-range approach to the host is assumed to start when cues other than host odour are first perceived by the mosquito. short-range approach, alighting and exploration IDOMAL:0002025 The final stage of host finding; it comprises four steps. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The first step of short-range approach, alighting and exploration; from the perception of cues by the mosquito to the approach of the host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002026 Is assumed to start when cues other than host odour are first perceived by the mosquito. short-range approach to the host IDOMAL:0002026 The first step of short-range approach, alighting and exploration; from the perception of cues by the mosquito to the approach of the host. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The second step of the short-range approach, alighting and exploration. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002027 Except in total darkness, visual responces may govern the final stage of flight into the presence of a potential host, but additional stimuli may be required before the mosquito alights on the host. descent to the body surface and alighting IDOMAL:0002027 The second step of the short-range approach, alighting and exploration. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 In this step the mosquito walks over the body, rapidly tapping the surface with its labella, and it may fly from one body region to another in order to find a region of vascularized skin into which it can drive its stylets. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002028 exploration and examination of the body surface IDOMAL:0002028 In this step the mosquito walks over the body, rapidly tapping the surface with its labella, and it may fly from one body region to another in order to find a region of vascularized skin into which it can drive its stylets. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The digestion of blood and nectar. The midgut is the principal organ of digestion, but dissaccharides ingested in nectar are at least partly hydrolysed in the crop by a salivary enzyme. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002029 digestion of food IDOMAL:0002029 The digestion of blood and nectar. The midgut is the principal organ of digestion, but dissaccharides ingested in nectar are at least partly hydrolysed in the crop by a salivary enzyme. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002030 The regulation of enzyme synthesis by the presence of blood in the midgut or not. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002031 regulation of digestive enzyme synthesis IDOMAL:0002031 The regulation of enzyme synthesis by the presence of blood in the midgut or not. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 For the female: digestion of blood proteins yields amino acids which are reconstituted in the mosquito's fat body as proteinaceous yolk. This is important for oogenesis. For both sexes: Plant juices provide an important energy source. They are the only food sources for males. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002032 absorption of the products of digestion IDOMAL:0002032 For the female: digestion of blood proteins yields amino acids which are reconstituted in the mosquito's fat body as proteinaceous yolk. This is important for oogenesis. For both sexes: Plant juices provide an important energy source. They are the only food sources for males. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The formation of a membrane which is deposited around the ingested blood mass. idomal_namespace formation of peritrophic membrane IDOMAL:0002033 formation of peritrophic matrix IDOMAL:0002033 The formation of a membrane which is deposited around the ingested blood mass. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 formation of peritrophic membrane ISBN:0-12-473276-3 true IDOMAL:0002034 The formation of vitellogenin in the fat body. It is synthesized first as precursors which undergo proteolytic cleavage into two or more subunits. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002035 Vitellogenin was first detected by immunofluorescence onr hour after feeding, and vitellogenin seretion granules were observed at the cell membrane within three hours. vitellogenin synthesis IDOMAL:0002035 The formation of vitellogenin in the fat body. It is synthesized first as precursors which undergo proteolytic cleavage into two or more subunits. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The act of sexual intercourse, during which the genitalia are engaged and the aedeagus inserted, and semen is passed to the female. It usually lasts a few seconds. idomal_namespace coitus sexual union IDOMAL:0002036 In some species the process of copulation may last for many minutes. copulation IDOMAL:0002036 The act of sexual intercourse, during which the genitalia are engaged and the aedeagus inserted, and semen is passed to the female. It usually lasts a few seconds. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 coitus ISBN:0-85199-313-3 sexual union ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Developing oocytes accumulate proteinaceous yolk by internalizing large amounts of circulating vitellogenin. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002037 internalization of vitellogenin IDOMAL:0002037 Developing oocytes accumulate proteinaceous yolk by internalizing large amounts of circulating vitellogenin. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The process occurring when a male first responds to a female, seizing her and establishing genital contact. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002038 pre-mating coupling IDOMAL:0002038 The process occurring when a male first responds to a female, seizing her and establishing genital contact. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002039 The rapid production of urine containing principally water and salts. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002040 diuresis IDOMAL:0002040 The rapid production of urine containing principally water and salts. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The release of the unmodified secretion of the Malpighiann tubules. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002041 secretion of tubular fluid IDOMAL:0002041 The release of the unmodified secretion of the Malpighiann tubules. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The tubular fluid is expelled as urine. Tubular fluids are the unmodified secretion of the Malpighian tubules. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002042 excretion of tubular fluid IDOMAL:0002042 The tubular fluid is expelled as urine. Tubular fluids are the unmodified secretion of the Malpighian tubules. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The tubular fluid enters the pylorus from where some may be move forwards for resorption in the midgut. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002043 resorption of tubular fluid IDOMAL:0002043 The tubular fluid enters the pylorus from where some may be move forwards for resorption in the midgut. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The portion of the tubular fluid that is not absorbed in the hindgut and is moved posteriorly to the rectum where it is modified producing urine. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002044 production of urine IDOMAL:0002044 The portion of the tubular fluid that is not absorbed in the hindgut and is moved posteriorly to the rectum where it is modified producing urine. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002045 During the first day after feeding, deamination of amino acids produces excess nitrogen which is voided in the form of low molecular weight nitrogenous metabolites. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002046 voiding of nitrogenous wastes IDOMAL:0002046 During the first day after feeding, deamination of amino acids produces excess nitrogen which is voided in the form of low molecular weight nitrogenous metabolites. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002047 true IDOMAL:0002048 During a single gonotrophic cycle, the female takes only one blood meal. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002050 single feeding IDOMAL:0002050 During a single gonotrophic cycle, the female takes only one blood meal. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The fluid intake due to the activity of the cibarial and pharyngeal pumps. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002051 adult drinking IDOMAL:0002051 The fluid intake due to the activity of the cibarial and pharyngeal pumps. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The separation of the labellar lobes following stimulation by sugar of sensilla on the outer surface of the labella. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002052 labellar response IDOMAL:0002052 The separation of the labellar lobes following stimulation by sugar of sensilla on the outer surface of the labella. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The searching movements made with the proboscis when the tarsi are stimulated by sugar. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002053 proboscis response IDOMAL:0002053 The searching movements made with the proboscis when the tarsi are stimulated by sugar. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The union of male and female gametes and formation of a zygote in anopheline vectors. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002054 fertilization (sensu Anophelinae) IDOMAL:0002054 The union of male and female gametes and formation of a zygote in anopheline vectors. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The major pathway by which carbohydrates are degraded in insects for energy release. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002055 aerobic glycolysis IDOMAL:0002055 The major pathway by which carbohydrates are degraded in insects for energy release. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The energy contained within fatty acid molecules is made available by b-oxidation of the fatty acid. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002056 b-oxidation IDOMAL:0002056 The energy contained within fatty acid molecules is made available by b-oxidation of the fatty acid. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002057 true IDOMAL:0002058 true IDOMAL:0002059 true IDOMAL:0002060 The steps of a second, third or yet further meal acquired in a single gonotrophic cycle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002061 phase of supplementary feeding IDOMAL:0002061 The steps of a second, third or yet further meal acquired in a single gonotrophic cycle. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The feeding on sugar. elvira 2008-03-25T11:24:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002062 sugar feeding IDOMAL:0002062 The feeding on sugar. XOX:XOXO The process of energy absorption from a physical stimulus by a sensillum and its transmission to sensory neurons. Pantelis 2009-07-08T09:28:28Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002063 sensory coupling IDOMAL:0002063 The process of energy absorption from a physical stimulus by a sensillum and its transmission to sensory neurons. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Behaviour displayed by mosquitoes that feed on a few host species only, while in habitats in which a wide range of potential hosts is present. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002064 restricted feeding behaviour IDOMAL:0002064 Behaviour displayed by mosquitoes that feed on a few host species only, while in habitats in which a wide range of potential hosts is present. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 In both culicines and anophelines, peritrophic membrane that is secreted in the enterior midgut slowly retracts and twists, forming a plug between the anterior medgut and stomach. A similar plug forms between the stomach and hindgut. idomal_namespace retraction of peritrophic membrane IDOMAL:0002065 retraction of peritrophic matrix IDOMAL:0002065 In both culicines and anophelines, peritrophic membrane that is secreted in the enterior midgut slowly retracts and twists, forming a plug between the anterior medgut and stomach. A similar plug forms between the stomach and hindgut. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 retraction of peritrophic membrane ISBN:0-12-473276-3 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus. elvira 2007-12-11T10:53:00Z detoxification response idomal_namespace toxin resistance toxin susceptibility/resistance IDOMAL:0002066 response to toxin IDOMAL:0002066 A change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a toxin stimulus. GO:0009636 All midgut columnal cells secrete the substance of the membrane which is deposited around the ingested blood mass. idomal_namespace secretion of peritrophic membrane in adults IDOMAL:0002067 secretion of peritrophic matrix in adults IDOMAL:0002067 All midgut columnal cells secrete the substance of the membrane which is deposited around the ingested blood mass. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 secretion of peritrophic membrane in adults ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The membrane is secreted by a narrow band of cells at the anterior end of the mindgut and is formed as a continuous tube. idomal_namespace secretion of peritrophic membrane in larvae IDOMAL:0002068 secretion of peritrophic matrix in larvae IDOMAL:0002068 The membrane is secreted by a narrow band of cells at the anterior end of the mindgut and is formed as a continuous tube. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 secretion of peritrophic membrane in larvae ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Is the feeding mode most common used by mosquito larvae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002069 collecting IDOMAL:0002069 Is the feeding mode most common used by mosquito larvae. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Immediately after feeding the midgut is hugely distended and for the next hour it is engaged in diuresis. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002070 distention of midgut IDOMAL:0002070 Immediately after feeding the midgut is hugely distended and for the next hour it is engaged in diuresis. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 A few hours after the distention of mindgut a phase of organelle synthesis occurs when additional ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum are synthesized and organized. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002071 organelle synthesis in midgut cells IDOMAL:0002071 A few hours after the distention of mindgut a phase of organelle synthesis occurs when additional ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum are synthesized and organized. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 After the organelle synthesis it follows a phase of production of digestive enzymes and absorption of the products of digestion. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002072 production of digestive enzymes IDOMAL:0002072 After the organelle synthesis it follows a phase of production of digestive enzymes and absorption of the products of digestion. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002073 The males of a number of diptera taxa aggregate in aerials swarms over conspicuous objects or 'swarm markers'. Conspecific females individually fly to these swarms, but little is known of the responses that take them there. At the assembly stations where male and female insects meet, the females usually are recognized by vision, and among insects that form aerial swarms the eyes of the male are specially developed. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002074 Among some families of Culicimorpha, including the Culicidae, the eyes of males are not especially developed but certain auditory organs are, and the detection of females depends upon hearing. In these flies, the verticillate antennae and highly developed Johnston's organs mediate a sensitivity to the flight tone of conspecific females. Station-keeping swarms are formed by the members of certain families of Diptera, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera, and to a lesser extend by representatives of the Hymenoptera and a few other insect orders. The assembly station is attended by both sexes, but usually the males fly there for long periods whareas the females remain only long enough to mate(Sivinski amd Petersson, 1997). assembly in station-keeping swarm IDOMAL:0002074 The males of a number of diptera taxa aggregate in aerials swarms over conspicuous objects or 'swarm markers'. Conspecific females individually fly to these swarms, but little is known of the responses that take them there. At the assembly stations where male and female insects meet, the females usually are recognized by vision, and among insects that form aerial swarms the eyes of the male are specially developed. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Males of a number of species of Aedes and Mansonia assemble around the warm-blooded hosts on which the females feed, and attempt to couple with virgin females that also respond to the host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002075 These males have a well developed Johnston's organ, and it is likely that in most of these species the females' wing tone is an important cue for the final orientation of males to a female. We may note here the assembly of males at the feeding site of a non-blood-sucking mosquito. Females of the autogenous species Malaya leei hover over a procession of ants on a tree trunk and, from time to time, settle to obtain regutgitated fluid from an ant. Males often appeared behind the hovering females and mated with them , completing the act within few seconds. formation of assembly near vertebrate host IDOMAL:0002075 Males of a number of species of Aedes and Mansonia assemble around the warm-blooded hosts on which the females feed, and attempt to couple with virgin females that also respond to the host. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 In a few species, sexually mature males aggregate at the emergence sites, congregating on or near the water surface. Depending on species, they respond to pupae, to emerging females, to newly emerged females or to teneral females. In most of these species the male antennae are modified. Such males do not respond to the female wing-beat tone. In species in which respond to pupae, the male forelegs are modified. In all of these species, the males beome sexually competent only after inversion of their terminalia, which takes a period of hours, but females are sexually receptive at the time of emergence. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002076 Species that exhibit this kind of behaviour are, Opifex fuscus, Deinocerites cancer, Culiseta inornata, and the genuses Aedes and Psorophora. formation of assembly at emergence site IDOMAL:0002076 In a few species, sexually mature males aggregate at the emergence sites, congregating on or near the water surface. Depending on species, they respond to pupae, to emerging females, to newly emerged females or to teneral females. In most of these species the male antennae are modified. Such males do not respond to the female wing-beat tone. In species in which respond to pupae, the male forelegs are modified. In all of these species, the males beome sexually competent only after inversion of their terminalia, which takes a period of hours, but females are sexually receptive at the time of emergence. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The process of gathering at different sites as part of the mating process. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002077 formation of assembly IDOMAL:0002077 The process of gathering at different sites as part of the mating process. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002078 The chemical stimuli are organic and inorganic constituents of host odour. Mosquitos respond to some of these kairomones at a distance from the host as they are carried by the wind, and they respond to some at very short range as they are carried in convection currents. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002079 response to chemical cue IDOMAL:0002079 The chemical stimuli are organic and inorganic constituents of host odour. Mosquitos respond to some of these kairomones at a distance from the host as they are carried by the wind, and they respond to some at very short range as they are carried in convection currents. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The insect's natural habitat can evoke a response because of the produced visual images. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002080 response of flying mosquito to visible object IDOMAL:0002080 The insect's natural habitat can evoke a response because of the produced visual images. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes variably approach or avoid visible objects. The responses of mosquitoes to artificial objects have important implications for trap design, but their biological significance is uncertain. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002081 response to isolated object IDOMAL:0002081 Mosquitoes variably approach or avoid visible objects. The responses of mosquitoes to artificial objects have important implications for trap design, but their biological significance is uncertain. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes (night-flying) may alter their flight paths when confronted with barriers, even when the barriers contain apertures large enough for their passage. Observations showed associations between mosquito flight paths and conspicuous features of the landscape. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002082 response to barrier and boundary IDOMAL:0002082 Mosquitoes (night-flying) may alter their flight paths when confronted with barriers, even when the barriers contain apertures large enough for their passage. Observations showed associations between mosquito flight paths and conspicuous features of the landscape. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes species differ in flight capacity, but to speak of an individual species flight range is incorrect because the distances are greatly affected by weather conditions (i.e. wind) and ecological variables. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002083 flight capacity IDOMAL:0002083 Mosquitoes species differ in flight capacity, but to speak of an individual species flight range is incorrect because the distances are greatly affected by weather conditions (i.e. wind) and ecological variables. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Is a persistent and straightened-out movement effected by the animal's own locomotory exertions or by its active embarkation on a vehicle such as wind. Migration depends on some temporary inhibiotion of station-keeping responses, but promotes their eventual disinhibition and recurrence. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002084 migration IDOMAL:0002084 Is a persistent and straightened-out movement effected by the animal's own locomotory exertions or by its active embarkation on a vehicle such as wind. Migration depends on some temporary inhibiotion of station-keeping responses, but promotes their eventual disinhibition and recurrence. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Continuous flight. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002085 persistent locomotion IDOMAL:0002085 Continuous flight. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The steps needed for the intake of nectar and other plant sources. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002086 nectar intake IDOMAL:0002086 The steps needed for the intake of nectar and other plant sources. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Feeding on nectar and other plant juices provides an immediate energy source and permits the formation of carbohydrate and lipid reserves. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002087 sugar metabolism IDOMAL:0002087 Feeding on nectar and other plant juices provides an immediate energy source and permits the formation of carbohydrate and lipid reserves. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Feeding on sugar, and, for females, on blood, leads to accumulations of fat and glycogen. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002088 Experiments with females of Aedes sollicitans, Aedes taeniorhynchus and Aedes aegypti shoed that a hormonal mechanism determined wether ingested sugar was converted to glycogen or fat. Females of Aedes sollicitans that ingested a large bloodmeal after a period of starvation fully replenished their stores of glycogen and triacylglycerol. formation of carbohydrate and lipid reserves IDOMAL:0002088 Feeding on sugar, and, for females, on blood, leads to accumulations of fat and glycogen. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Three major processes are involved in the release of energy from sugars: (i) glycolysis, which ends in the production of pyruvate; (ii) oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; and (iii) further oxidation in the respiratory chain (oxidative phosphorylation). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002089 release and conservation of energy from sugar IDOMAL:0002089 Three major processes are involved in the release of energy from sugars: (i) glycolysis, which ends in the production of pyruvate; (ii) oxidation in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; and (iii) further oxidation in the respiratory chain (oxidative phosphorylation). ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The carbohydrate and lipid reserves present in most mosquitoes at emergence are insufficient for more than a few days' life and, for all males and the females of many species, must be replenished by feeding on plant sugars. A portion of the digestion products from blood meals in converted to glycogen and lipids, the proportion varying with species and with size of female. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002090 It has been suggested that some anophelines use the first blood meal primarily for the synthesis of maternal reserves. Sufficient is known to indicate that in general the metabolic pathways of culicids conform with those of other insects. accumulation and use of the carbohydrate and lipid reserve IDOMAL:0002090 The carbohydrate and lipid reserves present in most mosquitoes at emergence are insufficient for more than a few days' life and, for all males and the females of many species, must be replenished by feeding on plant sugars. A portion of the digestion products from blood meals in converted to glycogen and lipids, the proportion varying with species and with size of female. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The oogonia in the end chamber or germanium become differentiated into oocytes and nurse cells. As the oocytes move backwards they become surrounded by the follicle cells of somatic origin, which compose the hind part of the germarium, and each oocyte in its follicle forms an egg chamber of the vitellarium. As the oocyte grows the cells finally arrange themselves in a single layer. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002091 process of oogenesis IDOMAL:0002091 The oogonia in the end chamber or germanium become differentiated into oocytes and nurse cells. As the oocytes move backwards they become surrounded by the follicle cells of somatic origin, which compose the hind part of the germarium, and each oocyte in its follicle forms an egg chamber of the vitellarium. As the oocyte grows the cells finally arrange themselves in a single layer. ISBN:0-41211-490-9 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 During mosquito embryogenesis pole cells form after cleavage energids have entered the posterior periplasm with its polar granules. The pole mirgrate in to two groups and settled in the 6th abdominal segment, where they become surrounded by mesodermal sheaths and form the gonad rudiments. The pole cells are now called primordial germ cells. By the 4th larval instar the ovaries are already distinct and contain cell clusters within a matrix of smaller cells, the interstitial tissue. By the early pupal stage each ovary has reformed into a group of ovarioles. Later in the pupal stage each ovariole differentiate into a germarium amd a vitellarium compromising one, two or even three ovarian follicles. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002092 formation of ovarian follicles IDOMAL:0002092 During mosquito embryogenesis pole cells form after cleavage energids have entered the posterior periplasm with its polar granules. The pole mirgrate in to two groups and settled in the 6th abdominal segment, where they become surrounded by mesodermal sheaths and form the gonad rudiments. The pole cells are now called primordial germ cells. By the 4th larval instar the ovaries are already distinct and contain cell clusters within a matrix of smaller cells, the interstitial tissue. By the early pupal stage each ovary has reformed into a group of ovarioles. Later in the pupal stage each ovariole differentiate into a germarium amd a vitellarium compromising one, two or even three ovarian follicles. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Gravid females of Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx tarsalis oviposit preferentially on water where already egg rafts have been laid. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002093 Similar apical droplets have been described from a number of species of Culex, Culiseta, Uranotaenia that lay their eggs in rafts. In Culex, apical droplets are known from pipiens, quinquefasciatus, stigmatosoma, tarsalis and erythrothorax of subgenus Culex and from apicalis of subgenus Neoculex. In Culiseta they are known from annulata and incidens of subgenus Culiseta, and longiareolata of subgenus Allotheobaldia. In Uranotaenia they are known from anhydor of subgenus Pseudoficalbia. Chemical analysis revealed the oviposition aggregation pheromone of Culex quinquefasciatus to be the (-)-(5R,6S) stereoisomer of the fatty-acid lactone 6-acetoxy-5-hexadecanolide. response to oviposition-aggregation pheromone IDOMAL:0002093 Gravid females of Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx tarsalis oviposit preferentially on water where already egg rafts have been laid. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The period during which follicles separate from the germania, cell types become visibly distinct , the oocytes become competent to incorporate vitellogenin, and a little growth occurs prior to entry into a resting stage. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002094 previtellogenic phase IDOMAL:0002094 The period during which follicles separate from the germania, cell types become visibly distinct , the oocytes become competent to incorporate vitellogenin, and a little growth occurs prior to entry into a resting stage. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The few hours immediately after a blood meal when follicle growth recommences, with the formation of additional microvilli and coated pits, and vitellogenin synthesis starts. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002095 initiation phase IDOMAL:0002095 The few hours immediately after a blood meal when follicle growth recommences, with the formation of additional microvilli and coated pits, and vitellogenin synthesis starts. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The main period of vitellogenin synthesis and incorporation with rapid oocyte growth, ending with the cessation of vitellogenin synthesis and formation of an intact endochorionic layer between oocyte and epithelial cells. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002096 trophic phase IDOMAL:0002096 The main period of vitellogenin synthesis and incorporation with rapid oocyte growth, ending with the cessation of vitellogenin synthesis and formation of an intact endochorionic layer between oocyte and epithelial cells. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 When the oocyte assumes its mature form and becomes surrounded by an unhardened chorion. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002097 post-trophic phase IDOMAL:0002097 When the oocyte assumes its mature form and becomes surrounded by an unhardened chorion. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Histochemical studies combined with the use of radioactive tracers and electron microscopy have largely confirmed that there is active synthesis and emission of RNA from the nucleus, and thence from the nucleus of the oocyte to the cytoplasm. Some of the proteins of the egg are synthetized in the nurse cells and follicular cells. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002098 This process is seen in Aedes. rRNA synthesis in oocyte and nurse cells IDOMAL:0002098 Histochemical studies combined with the use of radioactive tracers and electron microscopy have largely confirmed that there is active synthesis and emission of RNA from the nucleus, and thence from the nucleus of the oocyte to the cytoplasm. Some of the proteins of the egg are synthetized in the nurse cells and follicular cells. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The process of the four developmental phases, from the primary follicles to the mature form of the oocyte. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002099 The four phases are: (1) prvitellogenic phase, (2) initiation phase, (3) trophic phase and (4) post-trophic phase. follicle growth and development IDOMAL:0002099 The process of the four developmental phases, from the primary follicles to the mature form of the oocyte. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The chorion is the part of the egg shell that is secreted before oviposition by the follicular epithelium, a maternal tissue. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002100 chorion formation IDOMAL:0002100 The chorion is the part of the egg shell that is secreted before oviposition by the follicular epithelium, a maternal tissue. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Secretion occurs in two phases and results in formation of the two layers of the chorion, the endochorion and exochorion. Use of the terms 'vitelline membrane' or 'vitelline envelope' for the endochorion is inappropriate. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002101 secretion of the chorion IDOMAL:0002101 Secretion occurs in two phases and results in formation of the two layers of the chorion, the endochorion and exochorion. Use of the terms 'vitelline membrane' or 'vitelline envelope' for the endochorion is inappropriate. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 At oviposition the eggs are soft and white but within an hour the chorion begins to darken and harden. Colour development is uniform over the entire surface of the egg, and after 4h the egg shell looks black and is relatively firm. Superficially at least this process resembles sclerotization. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002102 The definition concerns the eggs of Aedes aegypti. Untanned chorions separated from newly laid eggs were colourless, but when chorions were isolated after they had hardened and darkened naturally , the endochorion appeared brownish-grey and the exochorion colourless. hardening and darkening of the chorion IDOMAL:0002102 At oviposition the eggs are soft and white but within an hour the chorion begins to darken and harden. Colour development is uniform over the entire surface of the egg, and after 4h the egg shell looks black and is relatively firm. Superficially at least this process resembles sclerotization. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Flying in the absense of resource cues. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002103 activation while ranging flight IDOMAL:0002103 Flying in the absense of resource cues. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes can be activated by host cues at any time. Unfed, resting females of some species will attack at any hour if disturbed in their shelters by intrusion of a host or stimulated by odour from a nearby host. Such opportunistic biting has been observed in nocturnal mosquitoes disturbed by day. The activation step is readily observed in the laboratory but has seldom been described from the field. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002104 activation while settled on a support IDOMAL:0002104 Mosquitoes can be activated by host cues at any time. Unfed, resting females of some species will attack at any hour if disturbed in their shelters by intrusion of a host or stimulated by odour from a nearby host. Such opportunistic biting has been observed in nocturnal mosquitoes disturbed by day. The activation step is readily observed in the laboratory but has seldom been described from the field. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 If the stimulus is sight of a moving host, the activated mosquito, may fly directly to the host. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002105 take-off IDOMAL:0002105 If the stimulus is sight of a moving host, the activated mosquito, may fly directly to the host. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 If the stimulus is olfactory but there is no air movement, as can happen in the laboratory the response is kinetic, i.e an increase in flight speed or frequency of turning. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002106 sustained flight IDOMAL:0002106 If the stimulus is olfactory but there is no air movement, as can happen in the laboratory the response is kinetic, i.e an increase in flight speed or frequency of turning. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Known kairomones include carbon dioxide, octenol, lactic acid and water vapour. Carbon dioxide activates mosquitoes and is used in odour-mediated anemotaxis. Octenol and lactic acid act additively and possibly in some instances synergistically with carbon dioxide. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002107 response to expired breath IDOMAL:0002107 Known kairomones include carbon dioxide, octenol, lactic acid and water vapour. Carbon dioxide activates mosquitoes and is used in odour-mediated anemotaxis. Octenol and lactic acid act additively and possibly in some instances synergistically with carbon dioxide. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Aliphatic acids and other unidentified products of the skin surface serve as kairomones. Certain constituents or hydrolytic products of urine possibly also serve as kairomone. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002108 response to the skin odours IDOMAL:0002108 Aliphatic acids and other unidentified products of the skin surface serve as kairomones. Certain constituents or hydrolytic products of urine possibly also serve as kairomone. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes can detect heat transfer from vertebrate hosts over short distances, and the manner of heat transfer to which they respond is the subject of the section. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002109 response to thermal stimulus IDOMAL:0002109 Mosquitoes can detect heat transfer from vertebrate hosts over short distances, and the manner of heat transfer to which they respond is the subject of the section. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The role of vision in host finding may differ between day- and night- flying species. Mosquitoes respond to host movement. Night-flying mosquitoes that were beleived to be ranging flight would alter their heading to fly towards inanimate physical objects. Mosquitos is proved that reponse to the length of colour in simple shaped objects. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002110 Little is known of the responses of mosquitoes to visual cues. response to visual cue IDOMAL:0002110 The role of vision in host finding may differ between day- and night- flying species. Mosquitoes respond to host movement. Night-flying mosquitoes that were beleived to be ranging flight would alter their heading to fly towards inanimate physical objects. Mosquitos is proved that reponse to the length of colour in simple shaped objects. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitos have the ability to apprehend certain volatile host emanations in the air. Only if there is an air movement can they fly towards a distant odour source. If there is not an air movement the mosquitos are unable to orient themselves to the source of the volatiles. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002111 response to aggregation volatile IDOMAL:0002111 Mosquitos have the ability to apprehend certain volatile host emanations in the air. Only if there is an air movement can they fly towards a distant odour source. If there is not an air movement the mosquitos are unable to orient themselves to the source of the volatiles. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Those processes are specifically unique to the functioning of intergrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, organisms. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002112 physiological process of malaria vector IDOMAL:0002112 Those processes are specifically unique to the functioning of intergrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, organisms. http://www.reactome.org The muscles of insects fall into two groups; the skeletal muscle forming bands across the articulations of the body wall, which serve to move one segment on another, and the visceral muscles which invest the internal organs. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002113 muscular system process IDOMAL:0002113 The muscles of insects fall into two groups; the skeletal muscle forming bands across the articulations of the body wall, which serve to move one segment on another, and the visceral muscles which invest the internal organs. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 true IDOMAL:0002114 The insect rests during walking on a supporting triangle, formed by the anterior and posterior limb on one side and the middle limb on the other, while it carries forward the other three legs. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002115 walking IDOMAL:0002115 The insect rests during walking on a supporting triangle, formed by the anterior and posterior limb on one side and the middle limb on the other, while it carries forward the other three legs. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The nervous arcs through which co-ordination is effected lie in the thoracic ganglia. The fore leg acts as a tractor; the middle leg serves for support, lifting the body on its own side and together with the hind leg raising the posterior part of the body; the hind leg acts as a propulsor and also turns the body in the horizontal plane. The three legs forming the tripod for a time being are not lifted simultaneously but in the order: i)fore-leg ii)opposite middle leg iii)hind-leg. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002116 coordination of walking IDOMAL:0002116 The nervous arcs through which co-ordination is effected lie in the thoracic ganglia. The fore leg acts as a tractor; the middle leg serves for support, lifting the body on its own side and together with the hind leg raising the posterior part of the body; the hind leg acts as a propulsor and also turns the body in the horizontal plane. The three legs forming the tripod for a time being are not lifted simultaneously but in the order: i)fore-leg ii)opposite middle leg iii)hind-leg. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 In order to dive, a pupa must partialy strenghthen the abdomen an simultaneously make a backward movementof the trumpet which breaks a its contact with the surface. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002117 pupal diving IDOMAL:0002117 In order to dive, a pupa must partialy strenghthen the abdomen an simultaneously make a backward movementof the trumpet which breaks a its contact with the surface. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Only the paddles, powered by the abdominal muscles, function as propulsive organs. The rest of the body has no locomotory function other tham balancing forces of the paddle stroke. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002118 pupal swimming IDOMAL:0002118 Only the paddles, powered by the abdominal muscles, function as propulsive organs. The rest of the body has no locomotory function other tham balancing forces of the paddle stroke. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Some larvae walk by means of their thoracic legs in the same manner as adult forms; but they are often aided by provisional modifications of the abdomen. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002119 larval crawling IDOMAL:0002119 Some larvae walk by means of their thoracic legs in the same manner as adult forms; but they are often aided by provisional modifications of the abdomen. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Larvae use their abdominal muscles to cause a lateral flexure of the abdomen. The massive abdominal muscles that provide the power for larval locomotion persist through the pupal and pharate-adult stages. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002120 larval swimming IDOMAL:0002120 Larvae use their abdominal muscles to cause a lateral flexure of the abdomen. The massive abdominal muscles that provide the power for larval locomotion persist through the pupal and pharate-adult stages. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The movement of adult mosquitoes in the air currents. Defined as slowly falling at less than 45 degrees from the horizontal. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002121 gliding IDOMAL:0002121 The movement of adult mosquitoes in the air currents. Defined as slowly falling at less than 45 degrees from the horizontal. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The lower Diptera (Tipulids) have long thin abdomens and long legs which probably ensure their stabilityduring flight. In higher forms (Muscids) their wings-beats create a resultant force which is equal to or greater than the weight of the insect. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002122 Studied only in the Diptera. equilibrium during flight IDOMAL:0002122 The lower Diptera (Tipulids) have long thin abdomens and long legs which probably ensure their stabilityduring flight. In higher forms (Muscids) their wings-beats create a resultant force which is equal to or greater than the weight of the insect. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The period between stimulus and contraction. speed of muscular response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002123 reaction time IDOMAL:0002123 The period between stimulus and contraction. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 true IDOMAL:0002124 The precise modulations of contractions of the individual muscles. When expressed together or in a specific sequence, these contractions embody the displacements in space that are interpreted as the expression of particular behaviors. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002125 Little is known of the functional anatomy of the mosquito nervous system. nervous system process IDOMAL:0002125 The precise modulations of contractions of the individual muscles. When expressed together or in a specific sequence, these contractions embody the displacements in space that are interpreted as the expression of particular behaviors. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, maintaining homeostasis in the body. idomal_namespace sympathetic nervous system IDOMAL:0002126 visceral nervous system IDOMAL:0002126 The part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system, maintaining homeostasis in the body. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Arises during embryonic development by an ingrowth from the dorsal wall of the stomodaeum which later requires connexion with the brain. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002127 stomatogastric nervous system IDOMAL:0002127 Arises during embryonic development by an ingrowth from the dorsal wall of the stomodaeum which later requires connexion with the brain. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Innervates the sexual organs and the posterior segments of the gut is composed of nerves arising from the composite terminal ganglion of the abdomen. The mid-gut, the heart and the Malpighian tubes show continued movements after separation from the central nervous system. The control of these movements is attributed to peripheral ganglion cells; and it has been suggested that it is this autonomous peripheral system that should be called the sympathetic nervous system. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002128 caudal sympathetic system IDOMAL:0002128 Innervates the sexual organs and the posterior segments of the gut is composed of nerves arising from the composite terminal ganglion of the abdomen. The mid-gut, the heart and the Malpighian tubes show continued movements after separation from the central nervous system. The control of these movements is attributed to peripheral ganglion cells; and it has been suggested that it is this autonomous peripheral system that should be called the sympathetic nervous system. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002129 Consists of: (i) modified nerve cells, (ii) neuro-haemal organs which are believed to serve as the sites at which the neurospecretory products escape into the blood-stream and (iii) independant organs of internal secretion derived from nests of cells which have been budded off the ectoderm in the region of the mouth part. endocrine system process IDOMAL:0002129 The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as hormones. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 true IDOMAL:0002130 The sense by which the qualities of an object (as color, luminosity, shape, and size) constituting its appearance are perceived through a process in which light rays entering the eye are transformed by the retina into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. idomal_namespace sight IDOMAL:0002131 vision IDOMAL:0002131 The sense by which the qualities of an object (as color, luminosity, shape, and size) constituting its appearance are perceived through a process in which light rays entering the eye are transformed by the retina into electrical signals that are transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. http:www.nlm.nih.gov sight http:www.nlm.nih.gov Behaviour displayed by mosquitoes that feed on wider range of hosts, while in habitats in which a wide range of potential hosts is present. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002132 unrestricted feeding behaviour IDOMAL:0002132 Behaviour displayed by mosquitoes that feed on wider range of hosts, while in habitats in which a wide range of potential hosts is present. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The waves of air pressure which we recognize as sounds may be perceived by insects by two quite different mechanism. The antennae of mosquitoes are mechanosensory transducers which in flight respond to drag forces and to gravitational forces, and in which the males at least are also sensitive to sound waves. Organs of hearing convert the energy of sound waves into electrical signals, and in this way resemble microphones. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002133 hearing IDOMAL:0002133 The waves of air pressure which we recognize as sounds may be perceived by insects by two quite different mechanism. The antennae of mosquitoes are mechanosensory transducers which in flight respond to drag forces and to gravitational forces, and in which the males at least are also sensitive to sound waves. Organs of hearing convert the energy of sound waves into electrical signals, and in this way resemble microphones. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 ISBN:0-412-40180-0 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002134 The perception of the qualities of sweet, sour, salt and bitter. Gustatory sensilla are uniporous hair or peg sensilla that respond to stimulating molecules in the liquid phase. In mosquitoes they are present on the legs and mouthparts, and the input from the various sensilla is intergrated centrally. idomal_namespace taste IDOMAL:0002135 response of gustatory sensilla IDOMAL:0002135 The perception of the qualities of sweet, sour, salt and bitter. Gustatory sensilla are uniporous hair or peg sensilla that respond to stimulating molecules in the liquid phase. In mosquitoes they are present on the legs and mouthparts, and the input from the various sensilla is intergrated centrally. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The sense of smell in insects is located chiefly in the antennae. The olfactory sensilla of mosquitoes compromise multiporous hair and peg sensilla on the antennal flagella and multiporous peg sensilla on the maxillary palps. idomal_namespace smell IDOMAL:0002136 The volitile compounds that have been tested for activity in these sensilla fall into 4 classes: 1) Carbon Dioxide. 2) Unsubstituted and substituded short-chain,aliphatic monocarboxylic acids. 3) Essential oils. 4) Attracttans. response of olfactory sensilla IDOMAL:0002136 The sense of smell in insects is located chiefly in the antennae. The olfactory sensilla of mosquitoes compromise multiporous hair and peg sensilla on the antennal flagella and multiporous peg sensilla on the maxillary palps. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The process of any action or reaction of a vector organism in response to external or internal stimuli. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002137 behavioural process IDOMAL:0002137 The process of any action or reaction of a vector organism in response to external or internal stimuli. KL:KL It is found that the behavioural activities of adult mosquitoes take place at particular times of day and night, which vary between species and the timing is controlled by endogeous or so-called circadian rythms, which are reset daily by the change from light to dark at sunset. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002138 regulation of adult behaviour IDOMAL:0002138 It is found that the behavioural activities of adult mosquitoes take place at particular times of day and night, which vary between species and the timing is controlled by endogeous or so-called circadian rythms, which are reset daily by the change from light to dark at sunset. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The analysis of the movements of the mosquito's larva into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002139 larval behavioural process IDOMAL:0002139 The analysis of the movements of the mosquito's larva into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The analysis of the movements of the mosquito's pupa into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002140 pupal behavioural process IDOMAL:0002140 The analysis of the movements of the mosquito's pupa into a series of reflexes or observed correlations between stimulus and response. ISBN:00412114909 Any behavioral process during the adult stage of a vector organism. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002141 adult behavioural process IDOMAL:0002141 Any behavioral process during the adult stage of a vector organism. KL:KL The circulation of the blood is maintained by a system of muscular pumps and fibro-muscular septa. The haemolymph has many functions. It provides the tissues that it bathes with nutrients and metabolic intermediates, and it provides a medium for the transport of their chemical wastes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002142 circulation IDOMAL:0002142 The circulation of the blood is maintained by a system of muscular pumps and fibro-muscular septa. The haemolymph has many functions. It provides the tissues that it bathes with nutrients and metabolic intermediates, and it provides a medium for the transport of their chemical wastes. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Oragnic material of almost every kind in nature serve as food for insects. The process of nutrition starts with the ingestion of food and ends with the digestion. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002143 The reproductive capacity of female mosquitoes is affected by their nutrition in both the larval and adult stages. nutritional process IDOMAL:0002143 Oragnic material of almost every kind in nature serve as food for insects. The process of nutrition starts with the ingestion of food and ends with the digestion. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002144 The process of taking a substance into the body through the mouth. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002145 food ingestion IDOMAL:0002145 The process of taking a substance into the body through the mouth. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The process with which oxygen is conveyed from the atmosphere to the tissues, and how the carbon dioxide resulting from oxidation in the tissues is eliminated. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002146 respiration IDOMAL:0002146 The process with which oxygen is conveyed from the atmosphere to the tissues, and how the carbon dioxide resulting from oxidation in the tissues is eliminated. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The intake of oxygen in the adult mosquito. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002147 adult respiration IDOMAL:0002147 The intake of oxygen in the adult mosquito. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Larvae use an open respiratory system which impose limitations to the requirement for access to atmospheric oxygen. The mosquito larval tracheal system consist of two wide dorsal longitydinal trunks, two narrower lateral, and branches which run from them to all regions of the body. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002149 A pair of air sacs of unknown function is present near the junction of thorax and abdomen in certain species. larval respiration IDOMAL:0002149 Larvae use an open respiratory system which impose limitations to the requirement for access to atmospheric oxygen. The mosquito larval tracheal system consist of two wide dorsal longitydinal trunks, two narrower lateral, and branches which run from them to all regions of the body. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The 1st abdominal spiracles open into the ventral air space, which is enclosed by the pupal mouthparts, wings and legs and which functions in pupal buoyancy. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002150 Mosquito pupae are the only insects that have only the anterior thoracic and the anterior abdominal spiracles functional. Most of the outer surface of the respiratory trumpet is hydrophilic, but the spiracular opening is surrounded by a ring of hydrophobic cuticle against which water forms a contact angle. pupal respiration IDOMAL:0002150 The 1st abdominal spiracles open into the ventral air space, which is enclosed by the pupal mouthparts, wings and legs and which functions in pupal buoyancy. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The processes that rid the adult mosquito body of unwanted substances and ensure homeostasis of the hemolymph under conditions of water and salt loading. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002151 adult excretion IDOMAL:0002151 The processes that rid the adult mosquito body of unwanted substances and ensure homeostasis of the hemolymph under conditions of water and salt loading. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The secretion and regulation of inorganic ions in larvae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002152 larval excretion IDOMAL:0002152 The secretion and regulation of inorganic ions in larvae. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 All the chemical changes which the constituents of the vector undergo. These changes serve two purposes, growth on the one hand and the performance of the work on the other. vector metabolism vector metabolism resulting in cell growth vector metabolic process resulting in cell growth idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002153 vector metabolic process IDOMAL:0002153 All the chemical changes which the constituents of the vector undergo. These changes serve two purposes, growth on the one hand and the performance of the work on the other. IB:IB Changes in chemical composition of the body. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002154 chemical transformation true IDOMAL:0002154 Changes in chemical composition of the body. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Fat is the chief form in which energy is stored. It is usually present in greatest amounts in the mature larva before metamorphosis. At ordinary temperatures the fat may be a liquid oil or a crystalline solid. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002155 fat metabolism true IDOMAL:0002155 Fat is the chief form in which energy is stored. It is usually present in greatest amounts in the mature larva before metamorphosis. At ordinary temperatures the fat may be a liquid oil or a crystalline solid. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Sugar in the blood and tissues is probably the most readily available source of energy. Carbonhydrate is stored mainly in the fat body, in the form of glycogen. Other carbonhydrates are chitin of the cuticle and the mucopolysaccharides of the connective tissues and basement membranes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002156 carbohydrate metabolism true IDOMAL:0002156 Sugar in the blood and tissues is probably the most readily available source of energy. Carbonhydrate is stored mainly in the fat body, in the form of glycogen. Other carbonhydrates are chitin of the cuticle and the mucopolysaccharides of the connective tissues and basement membranes. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 Proteins provide the chief structural elements of the muscles, glands and other tissues. A certain amount of protein is stored in the fat body and much is deaminated or converted into carbohydrate or fat and used for energy production. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002157 protein metabolism true IDOMAL:0002157 Proteins provide the chief structural elements of the muscles, glands and other tissues. A certain amount of protein is stored in the fat body and much is deaminated or converted into carbohydrate or fat and used for energy production. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 The rate at which processes of oxidation take place in the living body, varies within wide limits. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002159 The values recorded depend upon muscular activity, external temperature, tissue growth, and a host of other factors. respiratory metabolism IDOMAL:0002159 The rate at which processes of oxidation take place in the living body, varies within wide limits. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 true IDOMAL:0002160 The hormonal involvement in the regulation of enzyme synthesis. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002161 hormonal regulation IDOMAL:0002161 The hormonal involvement in the regulation of enzyme synthesis. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Energy metabolism starts when an insect ingests food, which supplies the fuel from which the chemical energy is liberated. Energy can be gained from lipids, carbohydrates, or proteins, but each one of these compounds cannot be used under every condition. The primary energy stores in insects are the fat body and the haemolymph. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002162 adult energy metabolism IDOMAL:0002162 Energy metabolism starts when an insect ingests food, which supplies the fuel from which the chemical energy is liberated. Energy can be gained from lipids, carbohydrates, or proteins, but each one of these compounds cannot be used under every condition. The primary energy stores in insects are the fat body and the haemolymph. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 ISBN:0-87081-411-7 true IDOMAL:0002163 Primarily a mechanism of growth, conditioned by the properties of the cuticle. There are two aspects to the problem of moulting; i) the initiation of the process of the growth and cuticle ii) the determination of those changes in form that occur during ecdysis. Moulting involves all parts of the body, whether supplied with nerves or not, at the same time. Each moult can be considered as a sequence of events. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002164 moulting IDOMAL:0002164 Primarily a mechanism of growth, conditioned by the properties of the cuticle. There are two aspects to the problem of moulting; i) the initiation of the process of the growth and cuticle ii) the determination of those changes in form that occur during ecdysis. Moulting involves all parts of the body, whether supplied with nerves or not, at the same time. Each moult can be considered as a sequence of events. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Little is known of the structure of mosquito larval cuticle other than that the abdomen it consists of a two-layered corrugated epicuticle, a then exocuticle and an endocuticle of some five lamellae. Pore canals are present. idomal_namespace formation of cuticle IDOMAL:0002165 deposition of the new cuticle IDOMAL:0002165 Little is known of the structure of mosquito larval cuticle other than that the abdomen it consists of a two-layered corrugated epicuticle, a then exocuticle and an endocuticle of some five lamellae. Pore canals are present. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 formation of cuticle ISBN:0421401800 Three hours after larval-pupal ecdysis the epicuticle darkens. The outer seven lamellae of the procuticle which constitute the outer region of exocuticle darken shortly thereafter, and subsequently the epicuticle and outer exocuticle look like a single homogeneous layer. The colour of the pupal abdomen changes from white at ecdysis to grey after one hour and to dark brown after three hours. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002166 hardening and darkening of cuticle IDOMAL:0002166 Three hours after larval-pupal ecdysis the epicuticle darkens. The outer seven lamellae of the procuticle which constitute the outer region of exocuticle darken shortly thereafter, and subsequently the epicuticle and outer exocuticle look like a single homogeneous layer. The colour of the pupal abdomen changes from white at ecdysis to grey after one hour and to dark brown after three hours. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Formation of pharate cuticle starts during the later stages of dissolution of the pupal cuticle. Seventeen hours after larval-pupal ecdysis small 3-layered plates are deposited just above the apical membrane of the epidermal cells, which bears minute microvilli at this stage. Addition of material at the edges of the plate leads to the formation of a continuous layer of outer epicuticle over the epidermal cells. By the pupal-adult ecdysis there are four lamellae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002167 expansion of cuticle IDOMAL:0002167 Formation of pharate cuticle starts during the later stages of dissolution of the pupal cuticle. Seventeen hours after larval-pupal ecdysis small 3-layered plates are deposited just above the apical membrane of the epidermal cells, which bears minute microvilli at this stage. Addition of material at the edges of the plate leads to the formation of a continuous layer of outer epicuticle over the epidermal cells. By the pupal-adult ecdysis there are four lamellae. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Fifteen hours after larval-pupal ecdysis, apolysis starts. The epidermis separates from the pupal cuticle forming an apolysial space in which a small amount of apolysial fluid accumulates. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002168 secretion of moulting fluid IDOMAL:0002168 Fifteen hours after larval-pupal ecdysis, apolysis starts. The epidermis separates from the pupal cuticle forming an apolysial space in which a small amount of apolysial fluid accumulates. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The hormone from the neurosecretory cells of the brain activates the thoracic glands and causes them to secrete the moulting hormone. The thoracic glands requie the continued presence of the brain hormone until the "critical period", when mitosis has begun and there is an adequate supply of moulting hormone in the blood. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002169 secretion of moulting hormone IDOMAL:0002169 The hormone from the neurosecretory cells of the brain activates the thoracic glands and causes them to secrete the moulting hormone. The thoracic glands requie the continued presence of the brain hormone until the "critical period", when mitosis has begun and there is an adequate supply of moulting hormone in the blood. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 true IDOMAL:0002170 During moulting, even when unaccompanied by any striking change of form, there is much reconstruction in the epidermis. New cell divisions and the death and disolution of unwanted nuclei take place simultaneously. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002171 histological change IDOMAL:0002171 During moulting, even when unaccompanied by any striking change of form, there is much reconstruction in the epidermis. New cell divisions and the death and disolution of unwanted nuclei take place simultaneously. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 true IDOMAL:0002172 A condition in which growth or development is suspended and physiological activity is diminished. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002173 diapause IDOMAL:0002173 A condition in which growth or development is suspended and physiological activity is diminished. ISBN:0-412-11490-9 During the first or second day after emergence, a mosquito undergoes behavioural maturation when, due to the action of hormones and other substances that act on the nervous system, it becomes competent in sexual behaviour. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002174 sexual behaviour IDOMAL:0002174 During the first or second day after emergence, a mosquito undergoes behavioural maturation when, due to the action of hormones and other substances that act on the nervous system, it becomes competent in sexual behaviour. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Male mosquitos become sexually responsive to flying conspecific females 12-36h after emergence, by which time their terminalia have inverted and their antennal fibrilae have become either permanenrly erect or capable of temporary erection. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002175 male sexual responsiveness IDOMAL:0002175 Male mosquitos become sexually responsive to flying conspecific females 12-36h after emergence, by which time their terminalia have inverted and their antennal fibrilae have become either permanenrly erect or capable of temporary erection. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Observations of the coupling of force-mated or tethered females suggested that refractoriness is expressed through altered responses of the female terminalia to genital contact. Even if coupling occurs, it does not result in sperm transfer. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002176 female sexual refractoriness IDOMAL:0002176 Observations of the coupling of force-mated or tethered females suggested that refractoriness is expressed through altered responses of the female terminalia to genital contact. Even if coupling occurs, it does not result in sperm transfer. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Is a form of foraging, and it includes responses to the environment at three hierarchical levels: the habitat, the patch or biotope, and the resource item. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002177 pre-oviposition behaviour IDOMAL:0002177 Is a form of foraging, and it includes responses to the environment at three hierarchical levels: the habitat, the patch or biotope, and the resource item. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The pupae of almost all holometabolous insects are incapable of locomotion; instead the mosquito pupae swim and dive exceptionaly. Although they can swim strongly, they spend most of their time immobile at the water surface. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002178 pupal locomotion IDOMAL:0002178 The pupae of almost all holometabolous insects are incapable of locomotion; instead the mosquito pupae swim and dive exceptionaly. Although they can swim strongly, they spend most of their time immobile at the water surface. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquito larvae have the usual internal organs of ion regulation and also they have four external balloon-like anal papillae, which are capable of ion uptake from very dilute solution. They are anatomically adapted for the specific characteristics of the water surface, notably the surface forces in the air-water interface. Mosquitoes (mostly Culidis) form part of the neuston-the assemblage of small to medium-sized organisms that live at the water surface. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002179 Factors that characterize the water surface: (i)surface tension and (ii)surface film. Aquatic insects which live immediately under the water surface have access to two major resources: (i) They can obtain direct access to the atmosphere for respiration. (ii) They are in the immediate vicinity of food. living at the water surface IDOMAL:0002179 Mosquito larvae have the usual internal organs of ion regulation and also they have four external balloon-like anal papillae, which are capable of ion uptake from very dilute solution. They are anatomically adapted for the specific characteristics of the water surface, notably the surface forces in the air-water interface. Mosquitoes (mostly Culidis) form part of the neuston-the assemblage of small to medium-sized organisms that live at the water surface. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The movements of the larvae that are oriented directly towards or directly away from stimuli. Prefixes denote the nature of the stimulus. A taxis is positive if directed towards the source, and negative if directed away from it. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002180 taxis IDOMAL:0002180 The movements of the larvae that are oriented directly towards or directly away from stimuli. Prefixes denote the nature of the stimulus. A taxis is positive if directed towards the source, and negative if directed away from it. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Unoriented movements made in response to particular stimuli. The strength of the response is related to intensity of stimulation. Kineses can have prefixes that denote the nature of the stimulus. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002181 larval kinesis IDOMAL:0002181 Unoriented movements made in response to particular stimuli. The strength of the response is related to intensity of stimulation. Kineses can have prefixes that denote the nature of the stimulus. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The characteristic food resource of mosquito larvae is 'particular matter'. This includes aquatic microorganisms, such as bacteria, diatoms and algae, and also, as an important component, particles of detritus that are largely derived from decayed plant tissues. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002182 Divided into three activities: 1)movement to a source of food. 2)capture of food by behaviour appropriate to the food source. 3)Coordination of the intricate mouthparts movements. larval feeding behaviour IDOMAL:0002182 The characteristic food resource of mosquito larvae is 'particular matter'. This includes aquatic microorganisms, such as bacteria, diatoms and algae, and also, as an important component, particles of detritus that are largely derived from decayed plant tissues. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Larvae groom themselves by working their mouthparts over accessible parts of the body surface. After their use in feeding and grooming, the mouthparts themselves need to be cleaned, and structures that serve that function are present at the posterior end of the abdomen of the most larvae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002183 To groom the abdomen, larvae bend themselves into a loop. The body part that is most often cleaned is the spiracular opening of the respiratory siphon. grooming IDOMAL:0002183 Larvae groom themselves by working their mouthparts over accessible parts of the body surface. After their use in feeding and grooming, the mouthparts themselves need to be cleaned, and structures that serve that function are present at the posterior end of the abdomen of the most larvae. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Adult mosquitos have two accurate and sensitive compound eyes. They have the capacity to resolve details of the spatial environment and so permit complex activities such as upwind flight and position holding in swarms. The compound eyes of the adult mosquito arise during the first larval instar as thickenings of the epidermis, called optic placodes, just anterior to the stemmata. The compound eyes of the mosquitoes have the capacity to resolve details of the spatial environment and so permit complex activities such as upwind flight and position holding swarms. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002184 Much remains to be discovered about connections between optic sensilla or ommatidia with the visual neuropiles in the optic lobes and the information from the neurons. adult vision IDOMAL:0002184 Adult mosquitos have two accurate and sensitive compound eyes. They have the capacity to resolve details of the spatial environment and so permit complex activities such as upwind flight and position holding in swarms. The compound eyes of the adult mosquito arise during the first larval instar as thickenings of the epidermis, called optic placodes, just anterior to the stemmata. The compound eyes of the mosquitoes have the capacity to resolve details of the spatial environment and so permit complex activities such as upwind flight and position holding swarms. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Simple structures which differ from the ocelli or single-lens eyes present in the adults of most orders and in the larvae of most non-holometabolous orders of insects. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002185 The larval visual organs are stemmata (lateral ocelli). larval vision IDOMAL:0002185 Simple structures which differ from the ocelli or single-lens eyes present in the adults of most orders and in the larvae of most non-holometabolous orders of insects. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Both sexes require plant juices as an energy source. Female mosquitoes imbibe blood to obtain protein for ovary development. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002186 Toxorhynchitine females do NOT require blood for oogenesis. They feed only on plant juices. adult nutrition IDOMAL:0002186 Both sexes require plant juices as an energy source. Female mosquitoes imbibe blood to obtain protein for ovary development. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The uptake of food ranging from small particles to live invertebrates. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002187 larval nutrition IDOMAL:0002187 The uptake of food ranging from small particles to live invertebrates. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 A mode of feeding by females, in which the fascicle is deployed beyond the labella to penetrate the skin of the host, and a large volume of blood is imbibed and passed into the midgut. Blood feeding can be divided into four phases. Pantelis 2009-07-12T07:16:04Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002188 blood feeding IDOMAL:0002188 A mode of feeding by females, in which the fascicle is deployed beyond the labella to penetrate the skin of the host, and a large volume of blood is imbibed and passed into the midgut. Blood feeding can be divided into four phases. ISBN:0-412-40180-0: Is the removal of particles suspended in the water column or associated with the water surface. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002189 collecting-filtering IDOMAL:0002189 Is the removal of particles suspended in the water column or associated with the water surface. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Is the removal and ingestion of the biofilm that abheres tightly to submerged plant and mineral surfaces, and also of the algae and stalked protists that adhere directly to such surfaces. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002190 Larvae of Aedes exhibit this feeding mode in rock pools and it is probably more widespread. scraping IDOMAL:0002190 Is the removal and ingestion of the biofilm that abheres tightly to submerged plant and mineral surfaces, and also of the algae and stalked protists that adhere directly to such surfaces. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The gnawing and biting-off of small fragments of tissue, whether from plantsor dead invertebrates. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002191 Gnawing of leaves has been described in Culiseta inornata and Aedes triseriatus larvae. Culex bitaeniorhynchus larvae feed selectively on filamentous chlorophytes. Tripteroides use the shredding feeding mode and feed on dead invertebrates. shredding IDOMAL:0002191 The gnawing and biting-off of small fragments of tissue, whether from plantsor dead invertebrates. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Is the resuspension and removal of particles deposited on or loosely attached to surfaces. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002192 It is found in many species of Aedes and in some species of Psorophora, Haemagogus and Wyeomyia. collecting-gathering IDOMAL:0002192 Is the resuspension and removal of particles deposited on or loosely attached to surfaces. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Some mosquito larvae seize and engulf other insects, and often of their own size. The prey is swallowed whole. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002193 Is observed in larvae of Toxorhynchites and of the subgenera Lutzia (of Culex), Mucidus (of Aedes) and Psorophora. Also larvae of a number of sebatine genera are facultative predators, as are larvae of Eretmapodites. predation IDOMAL:0002193 Some mosquito larvae seize and engulf other insects, and often of their own size. The prey is swallowed whole. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Mosquito larvae imbibe substantial volumes of water when feeding and also drink extensively in the absence of food. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002194 larval drinking IDOMAL:0002194 Mosquito larvae imbibe substantial volumes of water when feeding and also drink extensively in the absence of food. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Declining flow rate of urine production. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002195 post-peak phase IDOMAL:0002195 Declining flow rate of urine production. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Very rapid flow in the first minutes after the blood meal. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002196 peak phase IDOMAL:0002196 Very rapid flow in the first minutes after the blood meal. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 When the flow rate is slightly above the control level. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002197 late phase IDOMAL:0002197 When the flow rate is slightly above the control level. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Mosquito larvae pass through four instars. Growth is continuous throughout each instar, as can be seen in the progressive increase in size of the body regions that are covered with thin cuticle. MOSBP:0000237 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002198 The heavily sclerotized parts of the body, the cranium and respiratory siphon , increase in size immediately after ecdysis but this is a manifestation of earlier growth processes. Growth of the soft parts is not always isometric. larval growth IDOMAL:0002198 Mosquito larvae pass through four instars. Growth is continuous throughout each instar, as can be seen in the progressive increase in size of the body regions that are covered with thin cuticle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Mosquito larvae pass through four instar. Each instar is a stage of development but also growth. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002199 larval instar IDOMAL:0002199 Mosquito larvae pass through four instar. Each instar is a stage of development but also growth. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The retraction of the epidermis from the cuticle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002200 apolysis IDOMAL:0002200 The retraction of the epidermis from the cuticle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The final stage of moulting. Shedding of what remains of the old cuticle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002201 ecdysis IDOMAL:0002201 The final stage of moulting. Shedding of what remains of the old cuticle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The ecdysis between any of the four larval instars. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002202 The epidermis can be seen to separate from the cuticle and to secrete new cuticle and bristles beneath it while the tracheal epithelium similarly retracts from the tracheal linings and secretes new cuticular lining around them. A mid-ventral ecdysial line is also found in many species. Movements of the head free it from the old cranium and the dorsal split extends back over the thorax so the peristaltic movements the larva is able to escape from the cast cuticle, sometimes in less than a minute. The old tracheal trunks have broken across just behind their connections to the non-functional spiracles in each segment. larval-larval ecdysis IDOMAL:0002202 The ecdysis between any of the four larval instars. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The ecdysis between the larval and the pupal stage. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002203 This ecdysis is heralded by the appereance of the respiratory trumpets and palmate float setae of the pharate pupa as dark bodies beneath the larval cuticle. The larval trachea collapse at this time. The larval cuticle and tracheal linings are shed much as at previous ecdyses, and during this period the labial and maxillary palp disks are extruded from the peripodial cavities. larval-pupal ecdysis IDOMAL:0002203 The ecdysis between the larval and the pupal stage. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The emergence of the adult mosquito from the pupal cuticle. idomal_namespace eclosion emergence IDOMAL:0002204 pupal-adult ecdysis IDOMAL:0002204 The emergence of the adult mosquito from the pupal cuticle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 eclosion ISBN:0-412-40180-0 emergence ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The rudiments of some imaginal disks are present in newly hatched larvae and develop slowly during the larval stage; others appear as late as the 3rd instar. Each imaginal disk is first apparent as a plate of columnar epidermal cells which grows slowly with cell division. Increase in size of the imaginal disks occurs principally during the 4th instar, accompanied by numerous mitoses, and in most cases the disks are shaped only very approximately like the adult appendages at the time. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002205 imaginal disk development IDOMAL:0002205 The rudiments of some imaginal disks are present in newly hatched larvae and develop slowly during the larval stage; others appear as late as the 3rd instar. Each imaginal disk is first apparent as a plate of columnar epidermal cells which grows slowly with cell division. Increase in size of the imaginal disks occurs principally during the 4th instar, accompanied by numerous mitoses, and in most cases the disks are shaped only very approximately like the adult appendages at the time. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The development and differentiation of the gonads and primary sexual characters. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002206 development of the gonadal primordia IDOMAL:0002206 The development and differentiation of the gonads and primary sexual characters. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. CNS development idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002207 development of the central nervous system IDOMAL:0002207 The process whose specific outcome is the progression of the central nervous system over time, from its formation to the mature structure. The central nervous system is the core nervous system that serves an integrating and coordinating function. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord and spinal nerves. In those invertebrates with a central nervous system it typically consists of a brain, cerebral ganglia and a nerve cord. GO:0007417 The development of the compound eyes proceeds in a sequence of events - first determination and cellular proliferation, then differentiation - which pass as waves across a region of the head epidermis, the 'prospective eye field', that will transform into the compound eye. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002208 development of the compound eye IDOMAL:0002208 The development of the compound eyes proceeds in a sequence of events - first determination and cellular proliferation, then differentiation - which pass as waves across a region of the head epidermis, the 'prospective eye field', that will transform into the compound eye. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 At metamorphosis some of the tissues that have endopolyploid nuclei undergo somatic reduction and cell divistion to yield a large number of small, apparently de-differentiated cells which are competent to form adult tissues. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002209 metamorphosis of the alimentary canal IDOMAL:0002209 At metamorphosis some of the tissues that have endopolyploid nuclei undergo somatic reduction and cell divistion to yield a large number of small, apparently de-differentiated cells which are competent to form adult tissues. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 They are sensitive to olfactory stimuli and occur abundantly on the antennal flagella. The hairs are pointed or blunt and arise without sockets. idomal_namespace responses of A1 sensilla responses of A2 sensilla responses of trichoid sensilla IDOMAL:0002210 Most experimental work has been undertaken on Aedes aegypti, in which four distinct types of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla have been distinguished. response of single-walled multiporous hair sensilla IDOMAL:0002210 They are sensitive to olfactory stimuli and occur abundantly on the antennal flagella. The hairs are pointed or blunt and arise without sockets. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of A1 sensilla ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of A2 sensilla ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of trichoid sensilla ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When these sensilla are exposed to stimulating vapours, the excited neurones gave a phasic-tonic response. It seems likely that the short blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensila on female antennae are used in the location of oviposition sites. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002211 responses of short blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensilla IDOMAL:0002211 When these sensilla are exposed to stimulating vapours, the excited neurones gave a phasic-tonic response. It seems likely that the short blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensila on female antennae are used in the location of oviposition sites. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 These sensilla are stimulated by saturated C3 to C7 fatty acids at unspesific dosage rates. They respond also to ethyl propanoate. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002212 responses of short pointed single-walled multiporous hair sensilla IDOMAL:0002212 These sensilla are stimulated by saturated C3 to C7 fatty acids at unspesific dosage rates. They respond also to ethyl propanoate. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 These seensilla were perdominantly stimulated by C2 to C10 saturated straight-chain fatty acids. Their spontaneous activity was inhibited by volatile oils. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002213 responses of long pointed single-walled multiporous hair sensilla IDOMAL:0002213 These seensilla were perdominantly stimulated by C2 to C10 saturated straight-chain fatty acids. Their spontaneous activity was inhibited by volatile oils. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 These sensilla give mixed responses to fatty acids and volatile oils. Individual neurones within particular classes of sensilla appeared to have shown different sensitivity spectra to the range of carboxylic acids tested. Also the pattern of information provided by these cells could be intergrated to allow refined discrimination of fatty acid odours. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002214 responses of blunt single-walled multiporous hair sensilla IDOMAL:0002214 These sensilla give mixed responses to fatty acids and volatile oils. Individual neurones within particular classes of sensilla appeared to have shown different sensitivity spectra to the range of carboxylic acids tested. Also the pattern of information provided by these cells could be intergrated to allow refined discrimination of fatty acid odours. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The pegs, which arise from shallow depressions in the integument, are usually club-shaped but sometimes finger shaped. They are sensitive to olfactory stimuli. idomal_namespace responses of capitate pegs responses of sensilla basonica IDOMAL:0002215 response of single-walled multiporous peg sensilla IDOMAL:0002215 The pegs, which arise from shallow depressions in the integument, are usually club-shaped but sometimes finger shaped. They are sensitive to olfactory stimuli. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of capitate pegs ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of sensilla basonica ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Electrophysiological studies with extracellular electrodes (on female Aedes aegypti) showed that the neurone producing the largest action potentials was the only one sensitive to carbon dioxide. CO2-sensitive neurones were silent in air without CO2, and had response thresholds between 150 and 300 ppm. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002216 Similar responses were obtained with male Aedes aegypti and with females of Aedes taeniorhynchys, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culiseta melanura and Anopheles stephensi. response to carbon dioxide IDOMAL:0002216 Electrophysiological studies with extracellular electrodes (on female Aedes aegypti) showed that the neurone producing the largest action potentials was the only one sensitive to carbon dioxide. CO2-sensitive neurones were silent in air without CO2, and had response thresholds between 150 and 300 ppm. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The neuron with the smallest spike height is sensitive to octenol. This neurone produces bursts of action potentials upon exposure of a sensillum to 2 s pulses of CO2-free air that had passed through a stimulus cartidge containing solutions of 1-octen-3-ol in mineral oil. The sensitivity of the mosquito neurones to 1-octen-3-ol was said to be equivalent to that of lepidopteran sensory neurones to pheromones when tested by similar protocols for stimulus preparation and delivery. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002217 response to octenol IDOMAL:0002217 The neuron with the smallest spike height is sensitive to octenol. This neurone produces bursts of action potentials upon exposure of a sensillum to 2 s pulses of CO2-free air that had passed through a stimulus cartidge containing solutions of 1-octen-3-ol in mineral oil. The sensitivity of the mosquito neurones to 1-octen-3-ol was said to be equivalent to that of lepidopteran sensory neurones to pheromones when tested by similar protocols for stimulus preparation and delivery. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The grooved peg sensilla of Aedes aegypti contain from two to five neurones, usually three. Spike analysis of extracellular recordings from grooved peg sensilla of Aedes epactius revealed spontaneous action potentials of three distinct amplitudes. idomal_namespace responses of A3 sensilla responses of grooved legs responses of sensilla basiconica IDOMAL:0002218 response of double-walled multiporous peg sensilla IDOMAL:0002218 The grooved peg sensilla of Aedes aegypti contain from two to five neurones, usually three. Spike analysis of extracellular recordings from grooved peg sensilla of Aedes epactius revealed spontaneous action potentials of three distinct amplitudes. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 responses of A3 sensilla ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of grooved legs ISBN:0-85199-313-3 responses of sensilla basiconica ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When exposed to lactic acid vapour, the grooved peg sensilla of Aedes aegypti exhibited one of three firing patterns: (i) a phasic-tonic increase in spike frequency; (ii) a tonic decrease in the frequency of spontaneous spikes; or (iii) no change in spike frequency. Thus neurones are excited or inhibited or are non-responsive. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002219 response to carboxylic acid IDOMAL:0002219 When exposed to lactic acid vapour, the grooved peg sensilla of Aedes aegypti exhibited one of three firing patterns: (i) a phasic-tonic increase in spike frequency; (ii) a tonic decrease in the frequency of spontaneous spikes; or (iii) no change in spike frequency. Thus neurones are excited or inhibited or are non-responsive. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Electrophysiological evidence from different insects suggests that hygrosensory neurons occur in poreless sensilla. It is thought that absorption of water vapour by the cuticular wall results in deformation of the sensillum. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002220 The neurones that were examined (Kellog 1970) are not hygrosensory but were moisture-dependent, losing sensitivity at lower humidities. Kellog also was not working with double-walled multiporous sensilla. response to water vapour IDOMAL:0002220 Electrophysiological evidence from different insects suggests that hygrosensory neurons occur in poreless sensilla. It is thought that absorption of water vapour by the cuticular wall results in deformation of the sensillum. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The reception of the physical stimuli is typically a three-stage process of coupling, transduction and encoding. Is made by the mosquito antennae, which are sensitive to a band of vibrational frequencies, pressure changes or displacements of air particles. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002221 reception of physical stimuli IDOMAL:0002221 The reception of the physical stimuli is typically a three-stage process of coupling, transduction and encoding. Is made by the mosquito antennae, which are sensitive to a band of vibrational frequencies, pressure changes or displacements of air particles. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mechanical deformation of the dendritic membrane, producing receptor potentials. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002222 Most electrophysiological studies of sound reception have been undertaken with sharpened metal electrodes inserted into Johnston's organ. The receptors potentials that are elicited in Johnston's organ by vibration of the antennal flagellum, when recorded via an extracellular electrode, are sinusoidal in form but occur at twice the frequency of the acoustic stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed frequency doubling. transduction of receptor potential IDOMAL:0002222 Mechanical deformation of the dendritic membrane, producing receptor potentials. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. Pantelis 2009-07-12T11:11:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002223 fiat process part true IDOMAL:0002223 A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is part of a process but that does not have bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. SPAN:fiat_process_part Is the conversion of receptor potentials to action potentials, which are beleived to arise in the cell membrane of the sensory neurone close to the junction between the cell body and axon. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002224 encoding of receptor potential IDOMAL:0002224 Is the conversion of receptor potentials to action potentials, which are beleived to arise in the cell membrane of the sensory neurone close to the junction between the cell body and axon. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Conjugated proteins which are integral constituents of the membranes of photoreceptor organelles. Each consists of a chromophore and a apoprotein to which it is covalently linked. A number of different visual pigments are known from insect eyes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002225 responses of the visual pigments and the chromophores IDOMAL:0002225 Conjugated proteins which are integral constituents of the membranes of photoreceptor organelles. Each consists of a chromophore and a apoprotein to which it is covalently linked. A number of different visual pigments are known from insect eyes. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the chromophore is in the 11-cis configuration, the principal absorption peak of different visual pigments may appear anywhere in the spectrum between ultraviolet and yellow. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002226 11-cis configuration IDOMAL:0002226 When the chromophore is in the 11-cis configuration, the principal absorption peak of different visual pigments may appear anywhere in the spectrum between ultraviolet and yellow. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the chromophore is in the all-trans configuration, and the visual pigment is in the meta-state,the absorption peak appears within a much narrower range, usually in the blue but in higher Diptera in the orange. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002227 all-trans configuration IDOMAL:0002227 When the chromophore is in the all-trans configuration, and the visual pigment is in the meta-state,the absorption peak appears within a much narrower range, usually in the blue but in higher Diptera in the orange. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is determined by the absorption characteristics of its visual pigments. The eyes of different insects contain from one to four receptor types with distinct spectral sensitivities. Mosquito larvae exhibit a negative phototactic or diving response when first exposed to light at night or to a bright source by day, but this is soon followed by a return to the surface. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002228 larval spectral sensitivity IDOMAL:0002228 The spectral sensitivity of a photoreceptor is determined by the absorption characteristics of its visual pigments. The eyes of different insects contain from one to four receptor types with distinct spectral sensitivities. Mosquito larvae exhibit a negative phototactic or diving response when first exposed to light at night or to a bright source by day, but this is soon followed by a return to the surface. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A compound eye with no separation between the crystalline-cone layer and the retinula, each rhabdom receiving light only from its own corneal lens. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002229 apposition eye IDOMAL:0002229 A compound eye with no separation between the crystalline-cone layer and the retinula, each rhabdom receiving light only from its own corneal lens. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A compound eye in which a clear space is interposed between the dioptric apparatus and the retinula, and light from several corneal lenses falls on each rhabdom, producing a much brighter image. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002230 superposition eye IDOMAL:0002230 A compound eye in which a clear space is interposed between the dioptric apparatus and the retinula, and light from several corneal lenses falls on each rhabdom, producing a much brighter image. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A compound eye in certain diptera in which the rhabdomeres act as independent light guides. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002231 neural superposition eye IDOMAL:0002231 A compound eye in certain diptera in which the rhabdomeres act as independent light guides. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 For an eye to be capable of resolving fine detail, the angular separation between the receptors must be small. Therefore, in compound eyes the smaller the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent ommatidia, the greater the potential of the eye to resolve detail. The interommatidial angle can be measured in a number of ways. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002232 quality of optical resolution IDOMAL:0002232 For an eye to be capable of resolving fine detail, the angular separation between the receptors must be small. Therefore, in compound eyes the smaller the angle between the optical axes of two adjacent ommatidia, the greater the potential of the eye to resolve detail. The interommatidial angle can be measured in a number of ways. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The sensitivity (S) of an eye is a measure of the size of the photon sample that it can capture from each direction. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002233 quality of optical sensitivity IDOMAL:0002233 The sensitivity (S) of an eye is a measure of the size of the photon sample that it can capture from each direction. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 For an eye for a grating (not for a point) is twice the interommatidial angle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002234 minimum resolvable angle of an eye IDOMAL:0002234 For an eye for a grating (not for a point) is twice the interommatidial angle. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Is the highest spatial frequency that an eye can resolve. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002235 The acuity of an eye is governed by its spatial frequency only if the quality of its optics is not limited by other structural or environmental factors. acuity IDOMAL:0002235 Is the highest spatial frequency that an eye can resolve. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The angular sensitivity of an ommatidium is determined by three parameters: (i) optical blurring by the lens; (ii) the width of the rhabdom tip; nad (iii) the waveguide properties of the rhabdom. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002236 angular sensitivity IDOMAL:0002236 The angular sensitivity of an ommatidium is determined by three parameters: (i) optical blurring by the lens; (ii) the width of the rhabdom tip; nad (iii) the waveguide properties of the rhabdom. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The half-width of the Airy disc and the half-width of the rhabdom acceptance function combine to give the half-width of the ommatidial acceptance angle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002237 ommatidial acceptance angle IDOMAL:0002237 The half-width of the Airy disc and the half-width of the rhabdom acceptance function combine to give the half-width of the ommatidial acceptance angle. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The rhabdoms of most insects are cylindrical in form and act as light guides, i.e. they trap and retain light by total internal reflection. The cone of light that such a cylinder can trap is narrow. The acceptance angle of the cylinder is limited by the critical angle for total internal reflection, and therefore is governed by the differenece of refractive index between the receptor itself and the surrounding cytoplasm. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002238 rhabdom acceptance angle IDOMAL:0002238 The rhabdoms of most insects are cylindrical in form and act as light guides, i.e. they trap and retain light by total internal reflection. The cone of light that such a cylinder can trap is narrow. The acceptance angle of the cylinder is limited by the critical angle for total internal reflection, and therefore is governed by the differenece of refractive index between the receptor itself and the surrounding cytoplasm. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002239 true IDOMAL:0002240 In some bodies of water, but not all, the water surface is a hazardous place due to predators. Larvae gain protection by a variety of means, including the occupation of transient biotopes, which often lack predators, or avoidance responses given to surface vibration or visual stimuli. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002241 protective behaviour IDOMAL:0002241 In some bodies of water, but not all, the water surface is a hazardous place due to predators. Larvae gain protection by a variety of means, including the occupation of transient biotopes, which often lack predators, or avoidance responses given to surface vibration or visual stimuli. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 They are an important part of feeding behaviour, causing larvae to remain in the location of food sources. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002242 kinetic response to chemical stimulus IDOMAL:0002242 They are an important part of feeding behaviour, causing larvae to remain in the location of food sources. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the turning increases with stimulus strength. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002243 direct klinokinesis IDOMAL:0002243 When the turning increases with stimulus strength. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the turning decreases with stimulus strength. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002244 inverse klinokinesis IDOMAL:0002244 When the turning decreases with stimulus strength. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the movement increases with stimulus strength. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002245 direct orthokinesis IDOMAL:0002245 When the movement increases with stimulus strength. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the movement decreases with stimulus strength. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002246 inverse orthokinesis IDOMAL:0002246 When the movement decreases with stimulus strength. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Refers to egg production that is dependent on protein intake. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002247 anautogeny IDOMAL:0002247 Refers to egg production that is dependent on protein intake. ISBN:0-13-473276-3 Egg production in the absence of all adult feeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002248 Autogeny is genetically determined, nevertheless environmental and other non-genetic factors play an important role on its expression. The females that are genetically autogenous do not invariably initiate vitellogenic ovarian development in the absence of blood feeding. autogeny IDOMAL:0002248 Egg production in the absence of all adult feeding. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Observed in genetically autogenous females that will engorge readily during the first ovarian cycle if they meet a host, but which can mature one batch of eggs without a blood meal. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002249 facultative autogeny IDOMAL:0002249 Observed in genetically autogenous females that will engorge readily during the first ovarian cycle if they meet a host, but which can mature one batch of eggs without a blood meal. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Observed in females that do not engorge during the first ovarian cycle, even when hosts are available. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002250 obligatory autogeny IDOMAL:0002250 Observed in females that do not engorge during the first ovarian cycle, even when hosts are available. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The condition in which a female is inseminated by only a single male. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002251 monandry IDOMAL:0002251 The condition in which a female is inseminated by only a single male. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The emergence of males before females into a seasonal breeding population. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002252 Species for which protandry has been recorded in wild populations include Aedes communis, Aedes impiger, Aedes nigripes, Aedes sierrensis and Aedes vittatus. Is widespread among insects and a number of reasons have been suggested for its evolution, for example, the prevention of inbreeding, the enhancement of reproductive success in males that emerge early, and natural selection for sexual size dimorphism. protandry IDOMAL:0002252 The emergence of males before females into a seasonal breeding population. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The condition in which a female is inseminated by more than one male. idomal_namespace multiple insemination IDOMAL:0002253 polyandry IDOMAL:0002253 The condition in which a female is inseminated by more than one male. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 multiple insemination ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Flight reactions and patterns expressed during mating. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002254 senses and flight response during mating IDOMAL:0002254 Flight reactions and patterns expressed during mating. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The males of species that mate in flight fly towards a conspecific female when stimulated by her flight tone. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002255 Mating is initiated with the male and female still in flight. It may end with the pair still in flight or settled on vegetation or on the ground, but usually copulation is completed within seconds. flight response during mating IDOMAL:0002255 The males of species that mate in flight fly towards a conspecific female when stimulated by her flight tone. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The signal to which male mosquitoes respond is the female's flight tone, and this a flying female can never switch off. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002256 Considering as a means of sound production, the wing beat has a very low efficiency, and the distance over which the flight sounds of female mosquitoes can be detected by conspecific males probably is not greater than about 30cm. hearing response during mating IDOMAL:0002256 The signal to which male mosquitoes respond is the female's flight tone, and this a flying female can never switch off. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The females of some insects emit long-range signals when sexual receptive, and switch off these signals when unreceptive. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002257 response of olfactory sensillum during mating IDOMAL:0002257 The females of some insects emit long-range signals when sexual receptive, and switch off these signals when unreceptive. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Behavioural reactions and patterns caused by visual stimuli during mating. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002258 response to visual stimulus during mating IDOMAL:0002258 Behavioural reactions and patterns caused by visual stimuli during mating. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Within 24h of a first blood meal, the epithilial cells of the calyx become flattened and extended and start to develop microvilli, the calyx lumen becomes greatly enlarged, and the calyx assumes the shape of a distened sac. The muscle cells of the calyx undergo rather little development. During this period changes start in the lateral oviducts also, reaching completion by 72h post-blood meal. A distinct lumen forms within each lateral oviduct, the epithelium becomes folded, providing for distension of the lateral oviduct at ovulation, and the luminal surface of the epithelial cells becomes microvillate. The muscles cells grow substantially in volume, and their myofibrils and mitochondria increase in number and degree of organization. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002259 The process described concernes Aedes aegypti. In Anopheles, the columnar epithelium of the ampullae is thrown into folds during the first ovarian cycle. During this and each succeeding ovarian cycle the size of the ampullae increases due to accumulation of secretion within the columnar cells. developmental changes after blood feeding IDOMAL:0002259 Within 24h of a first blood meal, the epithilial cells of the calyx become flattened and extended and start to develop microvilli, the calyx lumen becomes greatly enlarged, and the calyx assumes the shape of a distened sac. The muscle cells of the calyx undergo rather little development. During this period changes start in the lateral oviducts also, reaching completion by 72h post-blood meal. A distinct lumen forms within each lateral oviduct, the epithelium becomes folded, providing for distension of the lateral oviduct at ovulation, and the luminal surface of the epithelial cells becomes microvillate. The muscles cells grow substantially in volume, and their myofibrils and mitochondria increase in number and degree of organization. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The quality of forming and moving in a swarm. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002260 Most reports of swarming mosquitoes concern species of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes. Swarming has been described also in species of Psorophora, Culiseta, Uranotaenia, Armigeres and Coquilletidia. All mosquito swarms have 3 characteristics in common: 1) The individual members of a swarm fly in looping or zig-zag patterns characteristic of the species, and all keep within a limited space that is located in relation to some feature of the environment. 2) The swarms consist predominately of males. When conspecifics females enter a swarm, males approach and attempt to couple with them. 3) Swarming is limited to times of day characteristic of the species, usually close to dusk and dawn. swarm quality IDOMAL:0002260 The quality of forming and moving in a swarm. PT:PT It occurs at a considerable height above the ground and extend over a large area like a ceiling. It develops only when there are extremely large numbers of males participanting. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002261 Ceiling swarms are not station-keeping swarms, although they make give rise to them. ceiling swarm IDOMAL:0002261 It occurs at a considerable height above the ground and extend over a large area like a ceiling. It develops only when there are extremely large numbers of males participanting. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Occurs in areas of open ground and form over swarm markers. Free swarms reappear, day after day, over position that have no characteristics discernible to human eyes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002262 Swarms of Anopheles gambiae and An arabiensis formed over parts of flat, open ground within an area of scattered huts and trees. free swarm IDOMAL:0002262 Occurs in areas of open ground and form over swarm markers. Free swarms reappear, day after day, over position that have no characteristics discernible to human eyes. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Occurs in areas of open ground and forms over small areas of visual contrast, for example over patches of paler or darker earth, piles of dunk, bushes, small pools etc. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002263 Changes in reflectance can lead to swarm markers being deserted. Some permanent swarm markers may be used by a species year after year. marker swarm IDOMAL:0002263 Occurs in areas of open ground and forms over small areas of visual contrast, for example over patches of paler or darker earth, piles of dunk, bushes, small pools etc. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Forms within breaks in vegetation or at vegetational boundaries, and may be within a range of elevations. The flight paths are delineated by vegetational boundaries or by shafts of sunlight within the breaks. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002264 space swarm IDOMAL:0002264 Forms within breaks in vegetation or at vegetational boundaries, and may be within a range of elevations. The flight paths are delineated by vegetational boundaries or by shafts of sunlight within the breaks. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Forms over prominent vertical ojects, such a tree tops, chimneys or church steeples. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002265 top swarm IDOMAL:0002265 Forms over prominent vertical ojects, such a tree tops, chimneys or church steeples. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A pheromone is any chemical or set of chemicals produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. Sex pheromones indicate the availability of the female for breeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002266 The involvement of sex pheromones in species recognition by mosquitoes has been postulated by a number of authors but usually has not been confirmed by experimental investigation. There is evidence for the presence of a contact peromone on the legs of females of the Culiseta inormata. Contact with isolated female legs was sufficient to release coupling behaviour in males. The active substance was non-volatile, heat-stable, and soluble in solvents of intermediate polarity. response to sex pheromone IDOMAL:0002266 A pheromone is any chemical or set of chemicals produced by a living organism that transmits a message to other members of the same species. Sex pheromones indicate the availability of the female for breeding. http://www.wikipedia.org The male and female behavioural patterns for sexual stimuli after the completion of their sexual maturation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002267 sexual responsiveness and refractoriness IDOMAL:0002267 The male and female behavioural patterns for sexual stimuli after the completion of their sexual maturation. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The ability of a male to inseminate a number of females depends upon the supply of both spermatozoa and accessory gland secretion. The average male could fully inseminate four to five females and transmit small amounts of sperm to an additional two to four females. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002268 Reports of insemination that do not quantify sperm transfer are of only limited value. male fecundity IDOMAL:0002268 The ability of a male to inseminate a number of females depends upon the supply of both spermatozoa and accessory gland secretion. The average male could fully inseminate four to five females and transmit small amounts of sperm to an additional two to four females. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Once a female mosquito has undergone a consummated union she usually becomes refractory to further mating, at least until after completing a gonotropic cycle. Female sexual refractoriness has immediate and delayed components. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002269 sexual refractoriness IDOMAL:0002269 Once a female mosquito has undergone a consummated union she usually becomes refractory to further mating, at least until after completing a gonotropic cycle. Female sexual refractoriness has immediate and delayed components. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A strongly cyclic adult behaviour, and most species swarm for short periods around sunset and sunrise. The pattern of flight is specific. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002270 swarming IDOMAL:0002270 A strongly cyclic adult behaviour, and most species swarm for short periods around sunset and sunrise. The pattern of flight is specific. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The lower level of station-keeping swarms reflects the pattern of the individual members. A swarming mosquito flies in a particula pattern an often, for a number of seconds or longer, remains within a small space as thought it were confined in a box. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002271 Swarms usually consist of a number of individuals, but single mosquitoes may exhibit swarming behaviour. The presence of other mosquitoes can only modify this behaviour. Light wind can influence the orientation of swarming mosquitoes. flight patterns in swarms IDOMAL:0002271 The lower level of station-keeping swarms reflects the pattern of the individual members. A swarming mosquito flies in a particula pattern an often, for a number of seconds or longer, remains within a small space as thought it were confined in a box. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A characteristic of sabethines is that the males patrol the area of vegetation in which conspecific females rest. Of species that assembly in station-keeping swarms, the males and females may rest in the same places, and contact between males and females after arousal can lead to mating. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002272 The vegetation in which conspecific females rest are often the vertical and horizontal surfaces of tree trunks, stems or branches. mating in resting sites IDOMAL:0002272 A characteristic of sabethines is that the males patrol the area of vegetation in which conspecific females rest. Of species that assembly in station-keeping swarms, the males and females may rest in the same places, and contact between males and females after arousal can lead to mating. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The mechanisms that prevent development of another series of follicles in gravid females. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002273 oostasis IDOMAL:0002273 The mechanisms that prevent development of another series of follicles in gravid females. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 In mosquitoes, egg production is a cyclic process. Batches of sister follicles is separate successively from the germania of the many ovarioles, and the follicles of each batch develop synchronously through a sequence of steps until the oocytes they contain are fully formed. The steps from the formation of a batch of mature oocytes constitute an ovarian cycle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002274 The most important developmental events during an ovarian cycle are: (i) differentiation of the oocytes. (ii) reductional division of the oocytes' chromosomes. (iii) Synthesis of RNA by oocytes and nurse cells and its deposition in the ooplasm. (iv)Synthesis of yolk by the fat body and its deposition in the ooplasm. (v)Formation of the chorion. ovarian cycle IDOMAL:0002274 In mosquitoes, egg production is a cyclic process. Batches of sister follicles is separate successively from the germania of the many ovarioles, and the follicles of each batch develop synchronously through a sequence of steps until the oocytes they contain are fully formed. The steps from the formation of a batch of mature oocytes constitute an ovarian cycle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The gates are points of potential or actual arrest at which follicular development will be halted, without detriment to the follicles, unless or until specific physiological conditions occur. These might entail exposure to specific stimuli or, conceptually at least, the absence of specific inhibitors. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002275 developmental gates IDOMAL:0002275 The gates are points of potential or actual arrest at which follicular development will be halted, without detriment to the follicles, unless or until specific physiological conditions occur. These might entail exposure to specific stimuli or, conceptually at least, the absence of specific inhibitors. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 This description of ovarian stages is based on the development of primary ovarian follicles in Ae aegypti and Cx pipiens. Anopheles gambie shows the following differences: there is no distinct stage Ib characterized by differnces between oocyte and nurse cells, and by stage IIa the oocyte half fills the follicle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002276 ovarian developmental stages according Christophers IDOMAL:0002276 This description of ovarian stages is based on the development of primary ovarian follicles in Ae aegypti and Cx pipiens. Anopheles gambie shows the following differences: there is no distinct stage Ib characterized by differnces between oocyte and nurse cells, and by stage IIa the oocyte half fills the follicle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The ovarian cycle can be divided into sequential phases and stages using physiological and anatomical criteria. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002277 ovarian developmental stages according Troy et al. IDOMAL:0002277 The ovarian cycle can be divided into sequential phases and stages using physiological and anatomical criteria. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 In the earliest stage at which ovarian follicles are visibly distinct they are still closely attached to the germaria (Christopher's stage G). Normally the primary follicles separate from the germaria shortly after emergence, and each subsequent batch of follicles leaves the germarial reting stage when a blood meal restarts the ovarian cycle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002278 germarial gate IDOMAL:0002278 In the earliest stage at which ovarian follicles are visibly distinct they are still closely attached to the germaria (Christopher's stage G). Normally the primary follicles separate from the germaria shortly after emergence, and each subsequent batch of follicles leaves the germarial reting stage when a blood meal restarts the ovarian cycle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Oocytes that have reached stage V and are ready for ovulation are often described as mature, yet their chromosomes are still in the metaphase of the first meiotic division. Meiosis is resumed only after the oocytes have been penetrated by sperm at oviposition. Thus the oocytes are held in a state of nuclear stasis from the time they are ready for ovulation until syngamy stimulates completion of the maturation divisions. The maturation resting stage normally lasts only a few hours, until the appropriate activity rhythm leads to ovulation and oviposition. However, if females are unable to oviposit, the stage V oocytes can remain viable within ovaries for 15days or even more. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002279 maturation gate IDOMAL:0002279 Oocytes that have reached stage V and are ready for ovulation are often described as mature, yet their chromosomes are still in the metaphase of the first meiotic division. Meiosis is resumed only after the oocytes have been penetrated by sperm at oviposition. Thus the oocytes are held in a state of nuclear stasis from the time they are ready for ovulation until syngamy stimulates completion of the maturation divisions. The maturation resting stage normally lasts only a few hours, until the appropriate activity rhythm leads to ovulation and oviposition. However, if females are unable to oviposit, the stage V oocytes can remain viable within ovaries for 15days or even more. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The primary follicles may develop directly to Christopher's stage IIa or IIb after emergence, or may develop to this stage only after the females have fed. The primary follicles of anautogenous females then enter the previtellogenic resting stage, remaining in it until the female has taken a blood meal. The primary follicles of autogenous females pass the previtellogenic gate without arrest, demonstrating the conditional nature of the gates. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002280 previtellogenic gate IDOMAL:0002280 The primary follicles may develop directly to Christopher's stage IIa or IIb after emergence, or may develop to this stage only after the females have fed. The primary follicles of anautogenous females then enter the previtellogenic resting stage, remaining in it until the female has taken a blood meal. The primary follicles of autogenous females pass the previtellogenic gate without arrest, demonstrating the conditional nature of the gates. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 After follicles have separated from the germaria they grow slightly but may soon enter a state of arrest. Follicles in the stage I resting are about 40-50 micrometers long, their epithelia consist of relatively few cells, and their oocytes are visibly distinct but do not contain lipid or others droplets in the ooplasm. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002281 stage I gate IDOMAL:0002281 After follicles have separated from the germaria they grow slightly but may soon enter a state of arrest. Follicles in the stage I resting are about 40-50 micrometers long, their epithelia consist of relatively few cells, and their oocytes are visibly distinct but do not contain lipid or others droplets in the ooplasm. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 In most anautogenous species, follicles that pass the previtellogenic gate and start to deposit yolk in the oocytes either develop to maturity or are resorbed. There have been a few reports of follicles entering arrest during the course of vitellogenesis, and they indicate the existence of a stage III gate. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002282 stage III gate IDOMAL:0002282 In most anautogenous species, follicles that pass the previtellogenic gate and start to deposit yolk in the oocytes either develop to maturity or are resorbed. There have been a few reports of follicles entering arrest during the course of vitellogenesis, and they indicate the existence of a stage III gate. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The follicle has partly separated from the germarium but the oocyte is not entirely surrounded by epithelium. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002283 stage G IDOMAL:0002283 The follicle has partly separated from the germarium but the oocyte is not entirely surrounded by epithelium. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Arrestants are substances that induces gravid females to remain in their presence through their own undirected kinetic responses, either by stopping their locomotion or changing their rate of turning. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002284 response to oviposition-arrestant IDOMAL:0002284 Arrestants are substances that induces gravid females to remain in their presence through their own undirected kinetic responses, either by stopping their locomotion or changing their rate of turning. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The follicle has separated from the germarium and the oocyte is entirely surrounded by follicular epithelium. The oocyte is not visibly distinct from the nurse cells. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002285 stage Ia IDOMAL:0002285 The follicle has separated from the germarium and the oocyte is entirely surrounded by follicular epithelium. The oocyte is not visibly distinct from the nurse cells. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The oocyte is distinguishable from the nurse cells by its smaller nucleus and prominent nucleolus. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002286 stage Ib IDOMAL:0002286 The oocyte is distinguishable from the nurse cells by its smaller nucleus and prominent nucleolus. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Some very small refractile lipid droplets are visible in the ooplasm. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002287 stage IIa IDOMAL:0002287 Some very small refractile lipid droplets are visible in the ooplasm. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The ooplasm contains fine lipid droplets, these cause the oocyte to appear slightly dark under transmitted light but white by reflected light. No large droplets are visible in the ooplasm, and no ooplasmic inclusions strain with neutral red. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002288 stage IIb IDOMAL:0002288 The ooplasm contains fine lipid droplets, these cause the oocyte to appear slightly dark under transmitted light but white by reflected light. No large droplets are visible in the ooplasm, and no ooplasmic inclusions strain with neutral red. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The ooplasm is clouded with inclusions distinctly. At first the inclusions are small. Subsequently, large yolks spheres appear which stain yellowish-brown with neutral red. These yolk spheres are of smilar diameter to the epithelial cell nucleoli, and are about 0,2 to 0,3 times the diameter of the oocytes' nucleolus. The oocyte's nucleus progressively occupies up to 50% of the length of the follicle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002289 stage IIIa IDOMAL:0002289 The ooplasm is clouded with inclusions distinctly. At first the inclusions are small. Subsequently, large yolks spheres appear which stain yellowish-brown with neutral red. These yolk spheres are of smilar diameter to the epithelial cell nucleoli, and are about 0,2 to 0,3 times the diameter of the oocytes' nucleolus. The oocyte's nucleus progressively occupies up to 50% of the length of the follicle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The follicle has increased in size considerably but without changing shape. The oocyte occupies >50% to 70% of the length of the follicle. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002290 stage IIIb IDOMAL:0002290 The follicle has increased in size considerably but without changing shape. The oocyte occupies >50% to 70% of the length of the follicle. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The follicle has grown further and has become slightly narrower, starting to assume the shape of a mature oocyte. The oocyte occupies 90% of the follicle length. The nurse cells still appear intact and occupy about 10% of the follicle length. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002291 stage IVa IDOMAL:0002291 The follicle has grown further and has become slightly narrower, starting to assume the shape of a mature oocyte. The oocyte occupies 90% of the follicle length. The nurse cells still appear intact and occupy about 10% of the follicle length. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The follicle assumes the shape of the mature oocyte, or almost so, but has not reached full length. The nurse cells have degenerated and at first stain bright crimson with neutral red; later in this stage they disappear. Chorionic structures start to appear. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002292 stage IVb IDOMAL:0002292 The follicle assumes the shape of the mature oocyte, or almost so, but has not reached full length. The nurse cells have degenerated and at first stain bright crimson with neutral red; later in this stage they disappear. Chorionic structures start to appear. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The oocyte structures its full length. The follicular epithelium degenerates. Chorionic structures such as the floats (Anopheles), micropyle cup (Culex) or surface sculpturing (Aedes) become fully formed. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002293 stage V IDOMAL:0002293 The oocyte structures its full length. The follicular epithelium degenerates. Chorionic structures such as the floats (Anopheles), micropyle cup (Culex) or surface sculpturing (Aedes) become fully formed. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Attractants are substances that induces gravid females to make oriented movements towards its source. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002294 response to oviposition-attractant IDOMAL:0002294 Attractants are substances that induces gravid females to make oriented movements towards its source. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The juvenile hormone in females of Aedes aegypti increases markedly between 24 and 72h after emergence. Circumstancial evidence associating JH with onset of responsiveness to host cues was obtained with diapausing mosquitoes. Application of large doses of the JH analogue methoprene to diapausing females of Anopheles freeborni and Culex tarsalis hastened their diapause development, including responsiveness to vertebrate hosts. idomal_namespace presence of JH IDOMAL:0002295 presence of juvenile hormone IDOMAL:0002295 The juvenile hormone in females of Aedes aegypti increases markedly between 24 and 72h after emergence. Circumstancial evidence associating JH with onset of responsiveness to host cues was obtained with diapausing mosquitoes. Application of large doses of the JH analogue methoprene to diapausing females of Anopheles freeborni and Culex tarsalis hastened their diapause development, including responsiveness to vertebrate hosts. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 presence of JH ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Juvenile hormones is released after eclosion and stimulates the devlopment of host-seeking behaviour. Little is known about the regulation of juvenile hormone secretion in mosquitoes. Decapitation immediately after emergence has the same effect on follicle development as allatectomy, which suggests that the brain is involved. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002296 The mechanism of release of JH after eclosion does not appear to operate in Aedes aegypti. There is evidence from Aedes aegypti of the ovaries affecting JH secretion. secretion of juvenile hormone IDOMAL:0002296 Juvenile hormones is released after eclosion and stimulates the devlopment of host-seeking behaviour. Little is known about the regulation of juvenile hormone secretion in mosquitoes. Decapitation immediately after emergence has the same effect on follicle development as allatectomy, which suggests that the brain is involved. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Two developmental gates control the course of previtellogenic development. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002297 regulation of follicle growth and competenece IDOMAL:0002297 Two developmental gates control the course of previtellogenic development. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 When present, the deterrents (non-volatile substances) inhibit oviposition . idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002298 response to oviposition-deterrent IDOMAL:0002298 When present, the deterrents (non-volatile substances) inhibit oviposition . ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The weight of evidence suggests that gravid females respond negatively to chemical substances emanating from certain predators, but proof of this requires that these substances be isolated, identified and tested as repellents or deterents. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002299 response to predator IDOMAL:0002299 The weight of evidence suggests that gravid females respond negatively to chemical substances emanating from certain predators, but proof of this requires that these substances be isolated, identified and tested as repellents or deterents. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Gravid females make oriented movements away from its source of any oviposition repellent. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002300 response to oviposition-repellent IDOMAL:0002300 Gravid females make oriented movements away from its source of any oviposition repellent. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Electophysiological analysis of the reflex response showed that the labellar muscles are activated some 40ms after stimulation of the aboral sensilla with sucrose. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002301 response to sugar solution IDOMAL:0002301 Electophysiological analysis of the reflex response showed that the labellar muscles are activated some 40ms after stimulation of the aboral sensilla with sucrose. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 There is some evidence of mosquitoes responding to plant odours in the field. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002302 The results were obtained after fine netting bags had been placed over inflorescences of Silene otites (Caryophyllaceae). The experiment was conducted with many variations to prove the responses. adult response of olfactory sensilla while feeding on plant sugar IDOMAL:0002302 There is some evidence of mosquitoes responding to plant odours in the field. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Female mosquitoes respond to host odour (CO2 emission, water vapour, volatiles molecules). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002303 adult response of olfactory sensilla while host-seeking IDOMAL:0002303 Female mosquitoes respond to host odour (CO2 emission, water vapour, volatiles molecules). ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Host odour is here taken to comprise all volatile compounds, organic and inorganic, that emanate from a vertebrate host and that stimulate mosquito chemosensilla. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002304 response to host odour IDOMAL:0002304 Host odour is here taken to comprise all volatile compounds, organic and inorganic, that emanate from a vertebrate host and that stimulate mosquito chemosensilla. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Short, single walled, multiporous hair sensilla on the antennae of females Aedes, Culex and Anopheles give electrical responses to volatile compounds suspected of being oviposition-site attractants. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002305 The sensilla of gravid females showed greater sensitivity to one of these, methyl butyrate, than did those of non-blood-fed females. Non-blood-fed females of Aedes aegypti were unresponsive to methyl propionate vapour in an olfactometer, and females that had blood fed 24h earlier were equally unresponsive. 72-96h after blood feeding they became highly responsive. development of competence IDOMAL:0002305 Short, single walled, multiporous hair sensilla on the antennae of females Aedes, Culex and Anopheles give electrical responses to volatile compounds suspected of being oviposition-site attractants. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002306 Fatty acids, i.e. saturated and unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids, when active with gravid females, tended to induce negative responses. Saturated fatty acids from C2 to C11 yielded significant negative responses. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002307 response to fatty acid IDOMAL:0002307 Fatty acids, i.e. saturated and unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids, when active with gravid females, tended to induce negative responses. Saturated fatty acids from C2 to C11 yielded significant negative responses. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes that belong to this category contain three types of neurones that variously are excited by lactic acid vapour, inhibited by it or unresponsive to it. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002308 increased sensitivity of olfactory sensillum IDOMAL:0002308 Mosquitoes that belong to this category contain three types of neurones that variously are excited by lactic acid vapour, inhibited by it or unresponsive to it. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Behavioural responses of the female to chemical stimuli during the stages of pre-oviposition and oviposition. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002309 response to chemical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition IDOMAL:0002309 Behavioural responses of the female to chemical stimuli during the stages of pre-oviposition and oviposition. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 In nature mosquitoes feed on nectar or blood. Like some other blood-sucking Diptera, usually pass nectar and other plant juices to the crop and dorsal diverticula, but pass blood to the stomach. This separation of nectar and blood permits females to store nectar meal in the crop, passing slowly to the midgut for absorption, while leaving the stomach empty to receive a blood meal at any time. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002310 adult female feeding behaviour IDOMAL:0002310 In nature mosquitoes feed on nectar or blood. Like some other blood-sucking Diptera, usually pass nectar and other plant juices to the crop and dorsal diverticula, but pass blood to the stomach. This separation of nectar and blood permits females to store nectar meal in the crop, passing slowly to the midgut for absorption, while leaving the stomach empty to receive a blood meal at any time. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Stimulants are substances that elicit oviposition. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002311 response to oviposition-stimulant IDOMAL:0002311 Stimulants are substances that elicit oviposition. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002312 The responses of mosquitoes to artificial objects have important implications for trap design, but their biological significance is uncertain. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002313 response to artificial object IDOMAL:0002313 The responses of mosquitoes to artificial objects have important implications for trap design, but their biological significance is uncertain. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Shade can affect mosquito responses. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002314 response to shade IDOMAL:0002314 Shade can affect mosquito responses. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Behavioural patterns expressed as a reaction to visual stimuli. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002315 response to visual stimuli IDOMAL:0002315 Behavioural patterns expressed as a reaction to visual stimuli. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Larvae and pupae that are at the water surface respond to certain stimuli with escape behaviour, often called an alarm response. Usually this takes the form of diving, and at a visibly more rapid rate than in descents made for feeding. alarm response idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002316 Escape behaviour in response to visual stimuli has not been very extensively studied, and the results obtained with some experimental procedures must be reviewed cautiously. escape behaviour IDOMAL:0002316 Larvae and pupae that are at the water surface respond to certain stimuli with escape behaviour, often called an alarm response. Usually this takes the form of diving, and at a visibly more rapid rate than in descents made for feeding. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 alarm response ISBN:0-85199-313-3 It is reported that mosquitoes - whether diurnal, crepuscular or nocturnal in activity - fed most often from lighter flowers. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002317 White, pink and yellow flowers were attended by mosquitoes when closely adjacent darker flowers were not. Thus white clover (Trifolium repens) and white melilo. adult responses to visual stimulus IDOMAL:0002317 It is reported that mosquitoes - whether diurnal, crepuscular or nocturnal in activity - fed most often from lighter flowers. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When the tarsi of a walking mosquito touch a drop of sugar solution the mosquito stops moving or turns, and directs its proboscis towards the stimulus. The tip of the proboskis is placed in contact with the fluid, and when the chemosensory hairs on the aboral surface of the labella are stimulated the labellar lobes spread apart giving the so-called labellar response. Once the labellar lobes have parted, the oral surfaces of the ladella lie flat on the droplet and the external surfaces face away from it. The fluid immediately spreads over the hydrophilic oral surfaces of the labella and their chemosensilla, and over the ligul, submerging the tip of the labrum. When touched by fluid the ligula rapidly increases in size, probably due to a combination of physical forces on the cuticle and internal pressure of haemolymph. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002318 ingestion of sugar solution IDOMAL:0002318 When the tarsi of a walking mosquito touch a drop of sugar solution the mosquito stops moving or turns, and directs its proboscis towards the stimulus. The tip of the proboskis is placed in contact with the fluid, and when the chemosensory hairs on the aboral surface of the labella are stimulated the labellar lobes spread apart giving the so-called labellar response. Once the labellar lobes have parted, the oral surfaces of the ladella lie flat on the droplet and the external surfaces face away from it. The fluid immediately spreads over the hydrophilic oral surfaces of the labella and their chemosensilla, and over the ligul, submerging the tip of the labrum. When touched by fluid the ligula rapidly increases in size, probably due to a combination of physical forces on the cuticle and internal pressure of haemolymph. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 This term is used here in a broad sense, to include all the behavioural and physiological processes of a gravid female that lead up to and terminate in the deposition of eggs in an appropriate biotope. Egg-laying activity is cyclic, occurring in one or two peaks during the diel, and its timing is regulated by an endogenous, circadian rhythm. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002319 egg laying true IDOMAL:0002319 This term is used here in a broad sense, to include all the behavioural and physiological processes of a gravid female that lead up to and terminate in the deposition of eggs in an appropriate biotope. Egg-laying activity is cyclic, occurring in one or two peaks during the diel, and its timing is regulated by an endogenous, circadian rhythm. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The act of depositing eggs. idomal_namespace egg laying IDOMAL:0002320 oviposition IDOMAL:0002320 The act of depositing eggs. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes conform with other insects in maintaining lipid and glycogen stores in the fat body. Glycogen is also stored in the flight muscles, and trehalose is stored in the haemolymph. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002321 synthesis of reserves IDOMAL:0002321 Mosquitoes conform with other insects in maintaining lipid and glycogen stores in the fat body. Glycogen is also stored in the flight muscles, and trehalose is stored in the haemolymph. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Anoplines exhibit a variety of oviposition behaviours. None oviposited though while settled on the water surface. A number of anopelines will deposit eggs on moist surfaces. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002322 Wild females of Anopheles melas have been observed ovipositing while perched on the vertica surface of pneumatophores in unflooded Avicennia mangover swamps. There has been one report of an anopheline drinking before oviposition (Anopheles messeae). Oviposition without drinking was reported for Anopheles maculipennis sensus stricto and Anopheles atroparvus. Anopheles' oviposition behaviour IDOMAL:0002322 Anoplines exhibit a variety of oviposition behaviours. None oviposited though while settled on the water surface. A number of anopelines will deposit eggs on moist surfaces. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 After a period of flying to and against the roof of the cage, the mosquitoes began to make descents to the floor. Often this was an ordinary diagonal flight movement, but sometimes this descent was a 'pancake landing'. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002323 descent to the water surface IDOMAL:0002323 After a period of flying to and against the roof of the cage, the mosquitoes began to make descents to the floor. Often this was an ordinary diagonal flight movement, but sometimes this descent was a 'pancake landing'. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A female that had touched the water surface changed her mode of flight abruptly, beginning to hover, with little displacement in space. Sometimes she stayed in almost exactly the same spot or bobbed up and down 10mm or so vertically or obliqely, or she might swing through an arc of 20-100mm dipping at each end. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002324 hovering IDOMAL:0002324 A female that had touched the water surface changed her mode of flight abruptly, beginning to hover, with little displacement in space. Sometimes she stayed in almost exactly the same spot or bobbed up and down 10mm or so vertically or obliqely, or she might swing through an arc of 20-100mm dipping at each end. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Once arrived at the floor, the mosquitoes flew about at speeds 0,36m/s and at height that usually was 20-40mm. In the course of this horizontal flight they dipped again and again to touch the floor, at spaced intervals varying between 0,06-0,2m. The direction appeared to be random. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002325 skin-hopping IDOMAL:0002325 Once arrived at the floor, the mosquitoes flew about at speeds 0,36m/s and at height that usually was 20-40mm. In the course of this horizontal flight they dipped again and again to touch the floor, at spaced intervals varying between 0,06-0,2m. The direction appeared to be random. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The optical cues to which gravid females respond at oviposition sites may come from the water body itself or from its immediate surroundings. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002326 response to optical cue during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition IDOMAL:0002326 The optical cues to which gravid females respond at oviposition sites may come from the water body itself or from its immediate surroundings. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 For species in which the feeding and resting habitat is different from the oviposition habitat, the gravid females must respond to cues that characterize the 'landscape' before responding to stimuli that characterize specific oviposition sites. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002327 Very little is known about the responses of mosquitoes to 'landscape', but it is likely that visual cues are particularly important. response to other visual and physical parameters during pre-oviposition stage and oviposition IDOMAL:0002327 For species in which the feeding and resting habitat is different from the oviposition habitat, the gravid females must respond to cues that characterize the 'landscape' before responding to stimuli that characterize specific oviposition sites. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Chromaticity results from (i)its hue, or dominant wavelengths, and (ii) its chroma (saturation), the extend to which the predominant colour is unadulterated with white. Experiments with females of Aedes aegypti showed that acceptance was low to green and yellow-green, moderate to orange, and high to violet and red. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002328 response to chromaticity IDOMAL:0002328 Chromaticity results from (i)its hue, or dominant wavelengths, and (ii) its chroma (saturation), the extend to which the predominant colour is unadulterated with white. Experiments with females of Aedes aegypti showed that acceptance was low to green and yellow-green, moderate to orange, and high to violet and red. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Observing that when kept in complete darkness in a roomsized cage females of Culex quinquefasciatus laid in the oviposition dishes provided (dishes which had chemical cues), whereas females of Anopheles darlingi died without ovipositing. De Zalueta (1950) postulated that visual stimuli were essential for egg laying by Andarlingi but not for Culex quinquefasiatus, for which chemical stimuli were more important. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002329 Light contrast and dark contrast may both have different causes. The apparent lightness of a body of water may be due to reflection from a pale substratum or to specular reflection from the water surface. A body of water may appear dark relative to its surroundings due to high absorbance by the water or its substratum or to a shielding from incident light. response to lightness of the water surface IDOMAL:0002329 Observing that when kept in complete darkness in a roomsized cage females of Culex quinquefasciatus laid in the oviposition dishes provided (dishes which had chemical cues), whereas females of Anopheles darlingi died without ovipositing. De Zalueta (1950) postulated that visual stimuli were essential for egg laying by Andarlingi but not for Culex quinquefasiatus, for which chemical stimuli were more important. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The importance of shade for some species has been demonstrated by its removal. The effect of shade on gravid females is not necessarily direct; for example , it might affect the water temperature of a larval habitat or its chemical composition as a result of leaf fall. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002330 Differential responses by egg-laying females of a number of species were revealed by a study of larval densities in a tyre dump, where some tyres were exposed to direct sunlight and others were shaded throughout the entire. response to shade of water surface IDOMAL:0002330 The importance of shade for some species has been demonstrated by its removal. The effect of shade on gravid females is not necessarily direct; for example , it might affect the water temperature of a larval habitat or its chemical composition as a result of leaf fall. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Dense vegetation is the main physical obstruction. The females of some species must pass through dense vegetation to approach their oviposition sites. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002331 The larval habitat of Uranotaenia anhydor at Saratoga Springs, California, was effetively subterranean. Egg rafts and larvae were foun only in pockets of water situated between clumps of the rush Scirpus. These were covered over so densely with mats formed from previous years' growth of rush that the water was in almost darkness. response to physical obstruction IDOMAL:0002331 Dense vegetation is the main physical obstruction. The females of some species must pass through dense vegetation to approach their oviposition sites. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The extent of the carbohydrate and lipid reserves and of the protein content of mosquitoes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002332 composition of reserves IDOMAL:0002332 The extent of the carbohydrate and lipid reserves and of the protein content of mosquitoes. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The oviposition sites of all ground-water mosquitoes are necessarily at ground-level, but for many species that develop in phytotelmata, the oviposition site is above ground level. This height varies from very moderate to very substantial, the most elevated larval habitats being those of some forest-inhabiting species that live in tree-holes or epiphytic bromeliads. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002333 response to elevation IDOMAL:0002333 The oviposition sites of all ground-water mosquitoes are necessarily at ground-level, but for many species that develop in phytotelmata, the oviposition site is above ground level. This height varies from very moderate to very substantial, the most elevated larval habitats being those of some forest-inhabiting species that live in tree-holes or epiphytic bromeliads. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The responses of gravid females to particular oviposition-site characteristics might change when experienced simultaneously with other characteristics. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002334 Pairs of factors to which the responses were compared and contrasted when exposed singly and in combination were: (i)type of surface-open water or moistened filter paper. (ii)Surface texture-rough or smooth, moistened filter paper, affecting olfactory receptors. (iii)Smell-presence or absence of the odour of horse-dung suspension, affecting olfactory receptors. (iv)Salinity-distilled water or 0,086M NaCl, affecting contact chemoreceptors. (v)Lightness- of grey or black filter paper-affecting visual receptors. response to certain combination of factors IDOMAL:0002334 The responses of gravid females to particular oviposition-site characteristics might change when experienced simultaneously with other characteristics. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The species Anopheles minimus is known to lay eggs in small, shaded pools adjacent to running water. The females were little influenced by continuous surface ripples. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002335 response to water movement IDOMAL:0002335 The species Anopheles minimus is known to lay eggs in small, shaded pools adjacent to running water. The females were little influenced by continuous surface ripples. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 For its acceptability to gravid females, three characteristics of soil are important, namely: the soil type, the moisture content and the soil texture. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002336 Species of Aedes and Psorophora characteristically deposit their eggs on substrata immediately adjacent to bodies of water or on moist substrata in places subject to inundation. The importance of the characteristics of a soil surface for its acceptability to gravid females was illustrated by the use of a human-made habitat by 2 flood water mosquitoes, Aedes vexans and Psorophora columbiae. Survival of the eggs on moist surfaces is an important aspect of anophelines fitness. response to soil surface characteristic IDOMAL:0002336 For its acceptability to gravid females, three characteristics of soil are important, namely: the soil type, the moisture content and the soil texture. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Conversion of the digestion products into glycogen and triacylglycerol deposits. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002337 A blood meal can replace nectar as an exogenous energy source. reserves from blood protein IDOMAL:0002337 Conversion of the digestion products into glycogen and triacylglycerol deposits. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The responsiveness of females of Aedes aegypti to oviposition-site cues ceases after egg laying. Oviposition from the connected ovary was permitted in certain females, and responsiveness of all females to attractants was assessed. Oviposition from a sigle intact ovary was sufficient to terminate responsiveness to attractants, even when the abdomen contained a mature isolated ovary. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002338 Klowden concluded that nervous stimuli lead to the termination of responsiveness to oviposition-site stimuli. termination of responsiveness true IDOMAL:0002338 The responsiveness of females of Aedes aegypti to oviposition-site cues ceases after egg laying. Oviposition from the connected ovary was permitted in certain females, and responsiveness of all females to attractants was assessed. Oviposition from a sigle intact ovary was sufficient to terminate responsiveness to attractants, even when the abdomen contained a mature isolated ovary. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Meals of sugar lead to the deposition of glycogen and lipid in the fat body and of glycogen in the flight muscles. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002339 reserves from sugar feeding IDOMAL:0002339 Meals of sugar lead to the deposition of glycogen and lipid in the fat body and of glycogen in the flight muscles. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The mechanisms through which sexual behaviour is regulated. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002340 regulation of sexual behaviour IDOMAL:0002340 The mechanisms through which sexual behaviour is regulated. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Teneral females are unable to responde to host cues or take a blood meal, but during the first days after emergence their mouthparts and other organs become functional and they develop behavioural capabilities. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002341 responsiveness to host cue IDOMAL:0002341 Teneral females are unable to responde to host cues or take a blood meal, but during the first days after emergence their mouthparts and other organs become functional and they develop behavioural capabilities. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The development of the capability to respond to a variety of host stimuli. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002342 development of competence to respond to host cue IDOMAL:0002342 The development of the capability to respond to a variety of host stimuli. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The differences in responsiveness on host cues observed between virgin and inseminated females in some mosquito species. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002343 The flight-activity periodicities of captive females of a number of crepuscular/nocturnal species changed, and came to resemble the periodicities of man-biting activity in wild populations. One effect is on the phase of the flight-activity rhythm. It is suggested that a factor in the semen of the males of the autogenous strains suppressed blood-feeding by the nulliparous females of these strains. In some species, virgin females are less responsive to host cues than inseminated females. Another effect is the inhibition of responsiveness to host cues in females due to male accessory-gland secretion. effect of insemination IDOMAL:0002343 The differences in responsiveness on host cues observed between virgin and inseminated females in some mosquito species. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The fat body cells, or trophocytes, of fully grown larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens are packed with lipid droplets, glycogen granules and vesicles which possibly contain protein, reserves which are carried over to the adult stage. The extent of the reserves depends upon the quality of larval nutrition, and there is some variability betweeen species in the proportions of glycogen and lipid. Unlike the higher Diptera, mosquito adults do not develop and 'adult fat body' differing in structure from that of the larvae. In well-nourished adults the fat body contains deposits of glycogen and lipid but no protein-containing vesicles. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002344 reserves of teneral adult IDOMAL:0002344 The fat body cells, or trophocytes, of fully grown larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens are packed with lipid droplets, glycogen granules and vesicles which possibly contain protein, reserves which are carried over to the adult stage. The extent of the reserves depends upon the quality of larval nutrition, and there is some variability betweeen species in the proportions of glycogen and lipid. Unlike the higher Diptera, mosquito adults do not develop and 'adult fat body' differing in structure from that of the larvae. In well-nourished adults the fat body contains deposits of glycogen and lipid but no protein-containing vesicles. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 In behavioural terms, aggregation is a congregation of animals that does not depend upon social attraction. Such behaviours are due to the fact that most habitats are not uniform. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002345 Aggregation is the irregular distribution of animals between habitats or, more usually, within habitats. Analysis of samples obtained from transects across a habitat reveals a clumped distribution if the ratio of variance to mean is significantly greater then one. aggregated distribution of larvae IDOMAL:0002345 In behavioural terms, aggregation is a congregation of animals that does not depend upon social attraction. Such behaviours are due to the fact that most habitats are not uniform. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The attack and consumption of conspecific larvae of the same or an earlier instar. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002346 cannibalism IDOMAL:0002346 The attack and consumption of conspecific larvae of the same or an earlier instar. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The presence of a predator has a damping effect on larvae movement. But at higher predator densities larval movement increased again slightly, possibly due to disturbance by the predators. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002347 Experiments were conductided with the usage of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens larvae and Notonecta undulata. predator-avoidance behaviour IDOMAL:0002347 The presence of a predator has a damping effect on larvae movement. But at higher predator densities larval movement increased again slightly, possibly due to disturbance by the predators. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The larvae and pupae of some culicuds are able to lighten or darken their body colour in accordance with the lightness or darkness of the background; others lack this ability. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002348 protective coloration IDOMAL:0002348 The larvae and pupae of some culicuds are able to lighten or darken their body colour in accordance with the lightness or darkness of the background; others lack this ability. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 This is an important form of predator avoidance. A variety of relatively safe niches can be discerned among ground waters. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002349 Mosquito larval habitats fall into two distinct classes: Phytotelmata and ground waters. Phytotelmata are bodies of water held in or upon parts of terrestrial plants. The greatest variety of phytotelmata occurs in the tropics. Ground waters are also of many types but are predominantly still waters. Whereas most phytotelmata are enclosed water bodies, most natural ground waters are open. The activities of human populations result in the appearance of new habitats colonized by mosquitoes. using safe biotope IDOMAL:0002349 This is an important form of predator avoidance. A variety of relatively safe niches can be discerned among ground waters. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The "grooming" of other individuals has been considered a form of aggresive behaviour and an aspect of feeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002350 It is unfortunate that we have little or no knowledge of the microorganisms and non-living, particulate matter abhering to the body surface of mosquito larvae in their natural habitats. allogrooming IDOMAL:0002350 The "grooming" of other individuals has been considered a form of aggresive behaviour and an aspect of feeding. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 While in depth, a larva remains motionless, often when near or underneath a leaf. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002351 akinesis IDOMAL:0002351 While in depth, a larva remains motionless, often when near or underneath a leaf. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Behavioural patterns of gravid females that result in arrival at potential oviposition sites and indicate the suitability of such sites are termed pre-oviposition behaviour. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002352 regulation of pre-oviposition behaviour IDOMAL:0002352 Behavioural patterns of gravid females that result in arrival at potential oviposition sites and indicate the suitability of such sites are termed pre-oviposition behaviour. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 During growth the larval stage the alimentary canal grows in cell size and with the formation of polytene and endopolyploid nuclei. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002353 development of the alimentary canal IDOMAL:0002353 During growth the larval stage the alimentary canal grows in cell size and with the formation of polytene and endopolyploid nuclei. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The antennal centres grow slowly compared to the brain as a whole during the larval stage (k=0,8) and very rapidly about the time of larval-pupal ecdysis (k=4). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002354 development of the antennal centre IDOMAL:0002354 The antennal centres grow slowly compared to the brain as a whole during the larval stage (k=0,8) and very rapidly about the time of larval-pupal ecdysis (k=4). ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The central body grows most actively in the 4th instar (k=2). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002355 development of the central body of the nervous system IDOMAL:0002355 The central body grows most actively in the 4th instar (k=2). ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The mushroom bodies grow less strongly than the brain as a whole during the larval stage (k=0,5-0,9) but much more strongly in the pupal stage (k=1,8). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002356 development of the mushroom body IDOMAL:0002356 The mushroom bodies grow less strongly than the brain as a whole during the larval stage (k=0,5-0,9) but much more strongly in the pupal stage (k=1,8). ISBN:0-412-40180-0 true IDOMAL:0002357 true IDOMAL:0002358 The phenol oxidase enzymes are thought to be central to melanin formation. During encapsulation, polyphenol derivates probably cross-link with proteins from the haemolymph and haemocytes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002359 phenol oxidase IDOMAL:0002359 The phenol oxidase enzymes are thought to be central to melanin formation. During encapsulation, polyphenol derivates probably cross-link with proteins from the haemolymph and haemocytes. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 In most arthropodes encapsulation is initiated when granular haemocytes degranulate upon contact with foreign bodies, and release components of a phenoloxidase-activating system which adhere to them. Plasmatocytes then enclose the foreign objects within an envelope of hihgly flattened cells which becomes pigmented. idomal_namespace capsule formation IDOMAL:0002360 encapsulation IDOMAL:0002360 In most arthropodes encapsulation is initiated when granular haemocytes degranulate upon contact with foreign bodies, and release components of a phenoloxidase-activating system which adhere to them. Plasmatocytes then enclose the foreign objects within an envelope of hihgly flattened cells which becomes pigmented. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 capsule formation ISBN:0-87081-411-7 Ovulation is defined as the extrusion of mature oocytes from the ovarian follicles into the calyces and oviducts. Ovulated oocytes enter the vagina, from which they are extruded through the gonotreme at oviposition. Sperm penetrate an oocyte while it is within the vagina. Very soon after oviposition the oocyte chromosomes complete meiosis, and at that stage the oocyte is considered to have transformed into an egg. elvira 2007-11-27T12:21:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002361 process of ovulation IDOMAL:0002361 Ovulation is defined as the extrusion of mature oocytes from the ovarian follicles into the calyces and oviducts. Ovulated oocytes enter the vagina, from which they are extruded through the gonotreme at oviposition. Sperm penetrate an oocyte while it is within the vagina. Very soon after oviposition the oocyte chromosomes complete meiosis, and at that stage the oocyte is considered to have transformed into an egg. ISBN:0-41211-490-0 ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Great changes take place in the muscular system during metamorphosis. Most larval head muscles are histolysed but some are carried over to the adult, developing the fine structure of adult muscle and aquiring new relationships with different parts of the head. New muscles arise and the sides and floor of the head become traversed by belts of small myoblasts whose origin is uncertain. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002363 metamorphosis of the muscular system IDOMAL:0002363 Great changes take place in the muscular system during metamorphosis. Most larval head muscles are histolysed but some are carried over to the adult, developing the fine structure of adult muscle and aquiring new relationships with different parts of the head. New muscles arise and the sides and floor of the head become traversed by belts of small myoblasts whose origin is uncertain. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The muscles of the thorax and abdomen are carried over to the adult but the main part of the adult thoracic musculature is new, including the muscles of the appendages, largely formed within the imaginal buds, and the indirect flight muscles. The larval abdominal muscles degenerate early in adult life, having been used for swimming by the pupa and pharate adult. Movements of the adult abdomen are due to small adult muscles which develop from myoblasts in the pupa. Histolysis of the musculature, as of other organs, takes place entirely by autolysis and without the intervention of phagocytes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002364 metamorphosis of the muscles of the thorax and abdomen IDOMAL:0002364 The muscles of the thorax and abdomen are carried over to the adult but the main part of the adult thoracic musculature is new, including the muscles of the appendages, largely formed within the imaginal buds, and the indirect flight muscles. The larval abdominal muscles degenerate early in adult life, having been used for swimming by the pupa and pharate adult. Movements of the adult abdomen are due to small adult muscles which develop from myoblasts in the pupa. Histolysis of the musculature, as of other organs, takes place entirely by autolysis and without the intervention of phagocytes. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Sexual dimorphism in adult mosquitoes is expressed in a number of ways: (i) in the structure of the gonads; (ii) in th eprimary sexual characters which are derived from the genital imaginal disks; and (iii) in secondary sexual characters such as the adult antennae, maxillary palps and body size. Innate behavioural differences between the sexes reflets dimorphism in the structure and function of the nervous system. elvira 2007-11-30T10:57:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002365 sexual differentiation IDOMAL:0002365 Sexual dimorphism in adult mosquitoes is expressed in a number of ways: (i) in the structure of the gonads; (ii) in th eprimary sexual characters which are derived from the genital imaginal disks; and (iii) in secondary sexual characters such as the adult antennae, maxillary palps and body size. Innate behavioural differences between the sexes reflets dimorphism in the structure and function of the nervous system. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Mosquito larvae accumulate in regions where there is food because they make an orthokinetic response to soluble contituents diffusing from the food. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002366 kinetic response to food and dissolved nutrient IDOMAL:0002366 Mosquito larvae accumulate in regions where there is food because they make an orthokinetic response to soluble contituents diffusing from the food. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Inhibition of movement in response to contact stimuli. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002367 Observed in Anopheles messeae larvae. negative thigmokinesis IDOMAL:0002367 Inhibition of movement in response to contact stimuli. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 It has been observed in Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles messeae larvae in the laboratory. If exposed to bright light, fourth instar larvae moved about incessantly at the water surface and dived frequently. When by chance they entered a shaded part of the container they became inactive; as a result, almost all larvae congregated in the shade. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002368 photokinesis IDOMAL:0002368 It has been observed in Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles messeae larvae in the laboratory. If exposed to bright light, fourth instar larvae moved about incessantly at the water surface and dived frequently. When by chance they entered a shaded part of the container they became inactive; as a result, almost all larvae congregated in the shade. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Arrestant is substance that induces animals to remain in its presense through their undirected kinetic responses, either by stopping their locomotion (orthokinesis), or changing their rate of turning (klinokinesis). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002369 kinetic response to an arrestant IDOMAL:0002369 Arrestant is substance that induces animals to remain in its presense through their undirected kinetic responses, either by stopping their locomotion (orthokinesis), or changing their rate of turning (klinokinesis). ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Attractan is substance that induces animals to make oriented movements towards its source. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002370 kinetic response to an attractant IDOMAL:0002370 Attractan is substance that induces animals to make oriented movements towards its source. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A larva spontaneously separates itself from the water surface and descends with a swimming component. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002371 larval diving IDOMAL:0002371 A larva spontaneously separates itself from the water surface and descends with a swimming component. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A submerged larva, while feeding, moves anteriorly propelled by currents generated by the actions of its mouthparts. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002372 larval gliding IDOMAL:0002372 A submerged larva, while feeding, moves anteriorly propelled by currents generated by the actions of its mouthparts. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Tactic responses to chemical compounds. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002373 chemotaxis IDOMAL:0002373 Tactic responses to chemical compounds. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Tactical responses to gravitation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002374 geotaxis IDOMAL:0002374 Tactical responses to gravitation. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Tactic responses to light. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002375 phototaxis IDOMAL:0002375 Tactic responses to light. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Is described as a tendency to maintain bodily contact with solid objects. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002376 Anopheles larvae exhibit this behaviour. In fact, they exhibit negative thigmotaxis; locomotion is reduced by contact with a solid object. thigmotaxis IDOMAL:0002376 Is described as a tendency to maintain bodily contact with solid objects. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 During successive ovarian cycles the fat body passes through a parallel series of cyclesof ultrastructural generation and degeneration, during each of which the fat body cells or trophocytes exhibit three stages: (i) A previtellogenic stage of activity. (ii) A vitellogenic stage. (iii) A termination stage. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002377 ultrastructural changes in the Trophocytes IDOMAL:0002377 During successive ovarian cycles the fat body passes through a parallel series of cyclesof ultrastructural generation and degeneration, during each of which the fat body cells or trophocytes exhibit three stages: (i) A previtellogenic stage of activity. (ii) A vitellogenic stage. (iii) A termination stage. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 In newly emerged females the cytoplasm of each trophocyte was rich in reserves, containing lipid droplets, glycogen bodies, and three types of membrane-bounded protein granule. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002378 During the first three days after emergence the nucleolus grew >3-fold and its enlarging granular component came to contain many maturing pre-ribosomes. The number of ribosomes in the cytoplasm increased sharply. Rough endoplasmic reticulum appeared in the form of cisternae,located in rows, Conentric circles or round lipid inclusions. The Golgi complexes developed into well-defined organelles consisting of small vesicles, 3-4 short vesicular cisternae, and a few larger vesicles. The plasma membrane bacame extended into numerous infoldings, increasing its surface area. previtellogenic development IDOMAL:0002378 In newly emerged females the cytoplasm of each trophocyte was rich in reserves, containing lipid droplets, glycogen bodies, and three types of membrane-bounded protein granule. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 During this stage, the nucleolus became more multilobed, ribosome proliferation had been renewed, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was undergoin reorganization. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002379 vitellogenic stage IDOMAL:0002379 During this stage, the nucleolus became more multilobed, ribosome proliferation had been renewed, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum was undergoin reorganization. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Termination of vitellogenin synthesis starts with a sharp decline in the concentration of vitellogenin in the fat body. This decline is thought to be associated with a simultaneous and dramatic rise in lysosomal activity. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002380 Ultrastructural studies showed that two processes were involved: (i) autophagy, which involved the sequestration of organelles by isolation membranes, followed by fusion of the so-formed isolation body with primary lysosomes; and (ii) crinophagy, which involved the direct fusion of organelles with primary lysosomes. termination stage IDOMAL:0002380 Termination of vitellogenin synthesis starts with a sharp decline in the concentration of vitellogenin in the fat body. This decline is thought to be associated with a simultaneous and dramatic rise in lysosomal activity. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 During the privitellogenic phase of each ovarian cycle the fat body is made competent for vitellogenin synthesis. Stimulated by juvenile hormone, the trophocytes bacame polyploid and their nucleoli enlarge. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002381 stimulation of vitellogenin synthesis IDOMAL:0002381 During the privitellogenic phase of each ovarian cycle the fat body is made competent for vitellogenin synthesis. Stimulated by juvenile hormone, the trophocytes bacame polyploid and their nucleoli enlarge. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The mechanism regulating termination of vitellogenin synthesis remains to be fully elucidated. Lysosomal degradation causes the termination but whether this is programmed solely by the fat body or whether other factors are involved remain uncertain. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002382 termination of vitellogenin synthesis IDOMAL:0002382 The mechanism regulating termination of vitellogenin synthesis remains to be fully elucidated. Lysosomal degradation causes the termination but whether this is programmed solely by the fat body or whether other factors are involved remain uncertain. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Flight-activity periodicties that had been entrained by photoperiod free-ran in DD or LL, and therefore were endogenously controlled rhythms. The same was observed for the erection of male antennal fibrillae and male responsiveness to the female flight tone, for the responsiveness of females to host cues, and for oviposition activity. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002383 free-running of rhythm IDOMAL:0002383 Flight-activity periodicties that had been entrained by photoperiod free-ran in DD or LL, and therefore were endogenously controlled rhythms. The same was observed for the erection of male antennal fibrillae and male responsiveness to the female flight tone, for the responsiveness of females to host cues, and for oviposition activity. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 When kept with prey in small containers, Toxorhynchites fourth instar larvae that have reached an advanced stage of development stop feeding but continue killing. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002384 compulsive killing IDOMAL:0002384 When kept with prey in small containers, Toxorhynchites fourth instar larvae that have reached an advanced stage of development stop feeding but continue killing. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Culicine females that have engorged fully usually become inactive and non-responsive to host cues. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002385 When females of Aedes aegypti were exposed to host odour within 1h of taking a blood meal, those that imbibed 2,5 micro litre blood, or less, remained fully responsive. Responsiveness was negatively correlated with bloodmeal volume within the range 2.5-4 micro litre. onset of immediate inhibition of responsiveness IDOMAL:0002385 Culicine females that have engorged fully usually become inactive and non-responsive to host cues. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Non-immediate blocking of responsiveness to host cues. Females remained responsive to host odour for 24h after receiving a 1 micro litre blood enema. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002386 Ovary development occured in many of these females, and from about 30 h after receiving the enema, those that developed ovaries failed to respond to host odour. The onset and termination of delayed inhibiton are affected by insemination and ovipostion, and the mechanisms that regulate it involve haemolymph-borne factors. onset of delayed inhibition of responsiveness IDOMAL:0002386 Non-immediate blocking of responsiveness to host cues. Females remained responsive to host odour for 24h after receiving a 1 micro litre blood enema. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The reversible change in sensitivity of the lactic acid-sensitive neurones can account for the switching between host-finding and non-host-finding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002387 responsiveness of lactic acid-sensitive neurones IDOMAL:0002387 The reversible change in sensitivity of the lactic acid-sensitive neurones can account for the switching between host-finding and non-host-finding. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Injection of picorgram quantities of 20-hydroxyecdysone into ovariectomized females of Aedes aegypti after blood-feeding caused a significant decrease in responsiveness to host cues when tested 72 h after blood-feeding, provided the females had been inseminated and were not deprived of sucrose. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002388 effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone IDOMAL:0002388 Injection of picorgram quantities of 20-hydroxyecdysone into ovariectomized females of Aedes aegypti after blood-feeding caused a significant decrease in responsiveness to host cues when tested 72 h after blood-feeding, provided the females had been inseminated and were not deprived of sucrose. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The fat body is the source of a factor that can induce the reduction in sensitivity of the LA-excited neurones. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002389 That the fat body can be the source of such a factor was shown by transplanting, into sugar-fed females, fat body from females that had blood-fed 24 h previously. Twenty-four hours later the recipintes lacked highly sensitive LA-excited neurones, and had become significantly less responsive to host odour. We do not know what factor acts directly on the LA-excited neurones. fat body factor IDOMAL:0002389 The fat body is the source of a factor that can induce the reduction in sensitivity of the LA-excited neurones. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The return of sensitivity to host cues. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002390 recovery of responsiveness to host cue IDOMAL:0002390 The return of sensitivity to host cues. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 For species that become active around sunset, it is possible that the time at which acticity starts is governed by (i) zenith light intensity; (ii) the angle of the sun; (iii) time in relation to sunset. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002391 onset of activity in crepuscular species true IDOMAL:0002391 For species that become active around sunset, it is possible that the time at which acticity starts is governed by (i) zenith light intensity; (ii) the angle of the sun; (iii) time in relation to sunset. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The outward expression of an internal oscillator system that entrains to significant 24h oscillations in the external environment. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002392 The activity patterns of wild mosquitoes have a phase relationship with the natural cycle of light and darkness. The times of activity of some species fall within the hours of daylight, those of other species during twilight or during the hours of darkness. adult circadian rhythm IDOMAL:0002392 The outward expression of an internal oscillator system that entrains to significant 24h oscillations in the external environment. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Among species that show crepuscular/nocturnal activity, some are most active for brief periods at dusk or at dusk and dawn. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002393 It may be that, in nature, the gradual changes in light intensity around sunset and dawn play some part in the expression of activity at those times; however, the persistance E, M and Nd peaks in constant darkness and in constant dim light shows that endogenous mechanisms are involved. behaviour of crepuscular and nocturnal species IDOMAL:0002393 Among species that show crepuscular/nocturnal activity, some are most active for brief periods at dusk or at dusk and dawn. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The behaviours of male and virgin female mosquitoes relate principally to mating and feeding on plant juices. Flight periodicities recorded in the laboratory for four species were characterized by bursts of activity at dusk and, to a lesser extent, dawn with scotophase activity present or not, according to species. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002394 behaviour of male and virgin female IDOMAL:0002394 The behaviours of male and virgin female mosquitoes relate principally to mating and feeding on plant juices. Flight periodicities recorded in the laboratory for four species were characterized by bursts of activity at dusk and, to a lesser extent, dawn with scotophase activity present or not, according to species. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 In the laboratory, in most of the four nocturnal/crepuscular species investigated, insemination led to a reduction in the E and M flight-activity peaks shown by virgin femlaes and an increase in scotophase activity. Such a periodicity was characteristic of wild females of all these species taken in biting catches. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002395 behaviour of inseminated non-blood-fed female IDOMAL:0002395 In the laboratory, in most of the four nocturnal/crepuscular species investigated, insemination led to a reduction in the E and M flight-activity peaks shown by virgin femlaes and an increase in scotophase activity. Such a periodicity was characteristic of wild females of all these species taken in biting catches. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Inseminated females that have taken a full blood meal are characteristically inactive during the first stages of vitellogenesis, although they may fly to obtain nectar. Flight activity is resumed once they are gravid. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002396 behaviour of blood-fed, gravid and parous female IDOMAL:0002396 Inseminated females that have taken a full blood meal are characteristically inactive during the first stages of vitellogenesis, although they may fly to obtain nectar. Flight activity is resumed once they are gravid. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 WIld females exhibit peaks of alighting on vertebrate hosts and of oviposition at the beginning and end of the photophase. Captive females show a similar bimodal pattern with regard to flight activity, sugar feeding, response to host odour, and oviposition. When continuously exposed to sugar or host odour captive females showed significant levels of activity throughout the scotophase. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002397 behaviour of diurnal species IDOMAL:0002397 WIld females exhibit peaks of alighting on vertebrate hosts and of oviposition at the beginning and end of the photophase. Captive females show a similar bimodal pattern with regard to flight activity, sugar feeding, response to host odour, and oviposition. When continuously exposed to sugar or host odour captive females showed significant levels of activity throughout the scotophase. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Photoperiods with abrupt transitions of light intensity between the L and D phases induced slightly different periodicities from those of photoperiods with gradual transitions. Abrupt light-ons induced an apparent startle response. In constant dim light within the intensity range of moonlight, flight activity was more intense than in constant darkness. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002398 effect of simulated crepuscular conditions and moonlight IDOMAL:0002398 Photoperiods with abrupt transitions of light intensity between the L and D phases induced slightly different periodicities from those of photoperiods with gradual transitions. Abrupt light-ons induced an apparent startle response. In constant dim light within the intensity range of moonlight, flight activity was more intense than in constant darkness. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 A rhythm-modifying factor that is transferred to the female during copulation induces changes in the pattern of flight-activity periodicities. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002399 effect of insemination in the adult circadian rhythm IDOMAL:0002399 A rhythm-modifying factor that is transferred to the female during copulation induces changes in the pattern of flight-activity periodicities. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The sugars in plant fluids are an extensively used energy source for both males and females. Mosquitoes also obtain plant-derived sugars from other insects and their excretions. Plant fluids provide both sugars and water, and are an important component of mosquito nutrition. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002400 feeding on plant sugar IDOMAL:0002400 The sugars in plant fluids are an extensively used energy source for both males and females. Mosquitoes also obtain plant-derived sugars from other insects and their excretions. Plant fluids provide both sugars and water, and are an important component of mosquito nutrition. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Investigations of flower visiting in mosquitoes in particular habitats, and conducted throughout the diel, showed that the mosquitoes imbibed nectar from some plant species but not from others. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002401 flower visiting IDOMAL:0002401 Investigations of flower visiting in mosquitoes in particular habitats, and conducted throughout the diel, showed that the mosquitoes imbibed nectar from some plant species but not from others. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Acquiring plant sugars from other insects. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002402 insect source IDOMAL:0002402 Acquiring plant sugars from other insects. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The excretory product of many Homoptera, honeydew, provides a food source for adult Diptera, which secrete saliva on to the dry deposits and imbibe the dissolved sugars. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002403 honeydew IDOMAL:0002403 The excretory product of many Homoptera, honeydew, provides a food source for adult Diptera, which secrete saliva on to the dry deposits and imbibe the dissolved sugars. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Adult female mosquitoes of the sabethine genus Malaya have evolved a remarkable manner of acquiring fluids of plant origin: they imbibe fluid regurgitated by ants of the genus Crematogaster. The habit has not been described for males. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002404 ant as a sugar source IDOMAL:0002404 Adult female mosquitoes of the sabethine genus Malaya have evolved a remarkable manner of acquiring fluids of plant origin: they imbibe fluid regurgitated by ants of the genus Crematogaster. The habit has not been described for males. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 All measurements of the intensities of nectar feeding that have been made over periods of days revealed diel periodicities. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002405 The times at which species fed on nectar tended to coincide with those at which they displayed other activities, i.e. individual species were consistently diurnal, crepuscular or nocturnal. This alone suggests that an endogenous rhythm underlies the timing of sugar feeding. diel periodicity of sugar feeding IDOMAL:0002405 All measurements of the intensities of nectar feeding that have been made over periods of days revealed diel periodicities. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The females of most mosquito species are sexually unreceptive during the first 30-60h of adult life. During this period they may couple with males but do not become inseminated. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002406 female sexual responsiveness IDOMAL:0002406 The females of most mosquito species are sexually unreceptive during the first 30-60h of adult life. During this period they may couple with males but do not become inseminated. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquitoes are capable of odour-mediated, optomotor-guided navigation upwind, and experimentation has shown that the females of certain species respond to odour emanating from hosts 22 or 36 m distant. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002407 orientation towards the source of an odour plume IDOMAL:0002407 Mosquitoes are capable of odour-mediated, optomotor-guided navigation upwind, and experimentation has shown that the females of certain species respond to odour emanating from hosts 22 or 36 m distant. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Female mosquitoes respond to warm dry air rising from a heated dish, but respond much more strongly to a human hand. Undoubtedly, convection currents that rise from warm-blooded animals carry such constituents of host odour as water vapour, CO2 and organic volatiles. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002408 response to stimulus born by convection current IDOMAL:0002408 Female mosquitoes respond to warm dry air rising from a heated dish, but respond much more strongly to a human hand. Undoubtedly, convection currents that rise from warm-blooded animals carry such constituents of host odour as water vapour, CO2 and organic volatiles. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The period from ingestion of the infectious blood meal to transmission capability. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002409 extrinsic incubation period IDOMAL:0002409 The period from ingestion of the infectious blood meal to transmission capability. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The behavioural pattern of mosquitoes when choosing where to deposit their eggs. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002410 approach of oviposition site IDOMAL:0002410 The behavioural pattern of mosquitoes when choosing where to deposit their eggs. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Mosquito larvae are found in a wide range of habitats, from rain-filled pools and containers at one extreme to inland saline pools of high salinity, high alkalinity and unusual ionic composition at the other. The capacity to survive under one or other, or even both, of these extreme conditions is due to powerful transport processes in the epithelia of the alimentary canal and anal papillae which provide homeostasis of the internal environment, making mosquito larvae among the best ionic and osmotic regulators in the animal kingdom. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002411 osmotic and ionic regulation IDOMAL:0002411 Mosquito larvae are found in a wide range of habitats, from rain-filled pools and containers at one extreme to inland saline pools of high salinity, high alkalinity and unusual ionic composition at the other. The capacity to survive under one or other, or even both, of these extreme conditions is due to powerful transport processes in the epithelia of the alimentary canal and anal papillae which provide homeostasis of the internal environment, making mosquito larvae among the best ionic and osmotic regulators in the animal kingdom. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Fluxes immediately bear upon the haemolymph, but the larvae can regulate the composition of their haemolymph to within narrow limits. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002412 All species appear able to regulate when in fresh water, some can regulate in fresh and brackish water, and a few in fresh and highly saline water. regulation of the haemolymph IDOMAL:0002412 Fluxes immediately bear upon the haemolymph, but the larvae can regulate the composition of their haemolymph to within narrow limits. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Nodules appear as compacted masses of bacteria enmeshed wih hemocytes, the whole of which usually becomse infiltrated with the pigment melanin. Many nodules are then walled off under a final layer of hemocytes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002414 Although small infections with bacteria are dealt with through phagocytosis, the response to more overwhelming infections is nodule formation. nodule formation IDOMAL:0002414 Nodules appear as compacted masses of bacteria enmeshed wih hemocytes, the whole of which usually becomse infiltrated with the pigment melanin. Many nodules are then walled off under a final layer of hemocytes. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 ISBN:0-87081-411-7 Communication between similar or different cells through a variety of mediators, like cytokines. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002415 cell-to-cell communication IDOMAL:0002415 Communication between similar or different cells through a variety of mediators, like cytokines. ISBN:0-87081-411-7 A biological rhythm with a natural period of about 48 h. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002416 adult circa-bi-dian rhythm IDOMAL:0002416 A biological rhythm with a natural period of about 48 h. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Some gravid mosquitoes oviposit preferentially on water that previously contained larvae, pupae, exuviae or emerging adult, this was ascribed to chemical factors produced by them. Those factors are classed as pheromones by some authors. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002417 response to emanations from larva and pupa IDOMAL:0002417 Some gravid mosquitoes oviposit preferentially on water that previously contained larvae, pupae, exuviae or emerging adult, this was ascribed to chemical factors produced by them. Those factors are classed as pheromones by some authors. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The extrusion of mature oocytes from the ovarian follicles into the calyces and oviducts. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002418 ovulation IDOMAL:0002418 The extrusion of mature oocytes from the ovarian follicles into the calyces and oviducts. ISBN:0-81599-313-3 An imoprtant adaptation of anautogeny is the establishment of previtellogenic developmental arrest preventing the activation of YPP genes in previtellogenic competent females prior to blood feeding. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002419 previtellogenic arrest IDOMAL:0002419 An imoprtant adaptation of anautogeny is the establishment of previtellogenic developmental arrest preventing the activation of YPP genes in previtellogenic competent females prior to blood feeding. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Specific behaviors programmed into the central nervous system (CNS), which when released at appropriate times provide a selective advantage to those individuals expressing them. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002420 expression of fixed action patterns IDOMAL:0002420 Specific behaviors programmed into the central nervous system (CNS), which when released at appropriate times provide a selective advantage to those individuals expressing them. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The eye of a vector organisms, which is composed of many light-sensitive elements, each having its own refractive system and each forming a portion of an image. Pantelis 2009-07-12T11:32:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002421 compound eye IDOMAL:0002421 The eye of a vector organisms, which is composed of many light-sensitive elements, each having its own refractive system and each forming a portion of an image. KL:KL Male mosquitoes eclose with genitalia that are imporperly positioned for mating. Before they are able to successfully copulate, their terminalia must rotate through 180 degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002422 male terminalia rotation IDOMAL:0002422 Male mosquitoes eclose with genitalia that are imporperly positioned for mating. Before they are able to successfully copulate, their terminalia must rotate through 180 degrees, either clockwise or counterclockwise. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Insect flight muscle is the most metabolically active tissue known. Flight can be powered by sugar, lipid or proline metabolism. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002423 flight metabolism IDOMAL:0002423 Insect flight muscle is the most metabolically active tissue known. Flight can be powered by sugar, lipid or proline metabolism. ISBN:0-13-473276-3 The rise in 20-hydtroxyecdysone levels after the blood meal stimulates the vitellogenic phase of development. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002424 release of 20-hydroxyecdysone IDOMAL:0002424 The rise in 20-hydtroxyecdysone levels after the blood meal stimulates the vitellogenic phase of development. ISBN:0-13-473276-3 The occurence of melanized ookinetes, oocysts and sporozoites within the salivary glands. Also ookinetes are encapsulated betweent he basal lamina of the midgut and the midgut epithelial cells and are not directly in the hemocoel. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002425 encapsulation response to protozoan parasite IDOMAL:0002425 The occurence of melanized ookinetes, oocysts and sporozoites within the salivary glands. Also ookinetes are encapsulated betweent he basal lamina of the midgut and the midgut epithelial cells and are not directly in the hemocoel. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Capsules take the form of a sheath of melanin deposited on the surface of foreign objects. idomal_namespace humoral encapsulation humoral melanization IDOMAL:0002426 It occurs primarily among certain nematoceran Diptera, e.g. , mosquitoes, sand flies. acellular encapsulation IDOMAL:0002426 Capsules take the form of a sheath of melanin deposited on the surface of foreign objects. ISBN:0-13-473276-3 humoral encapsulation ISBN:0-12-473276-3 humoral melanization ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The behavioural events leading to oviposition by a gravid mosquito. They usually follow the sequence: ranging flight, orientation, encounter and acceptance. idomal_namespace oviposition behaviour IDOMAL:0002427 egg laying behaviour IDOMAL:0002427 The behavioural events leading to oviposition by a gravid mosquito. They usually follow the sequence: ranging flight, orientation, encounter and acceptance. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 In Aedes stimulans larvae of both genotypes an imaginal disk appears, during the 3rd instar, as a medial pair of epidermal thickenings in the posteroventral region of the 8th abdominal segment. During the first half of the 4th instar cell division occurs in these thickenings and in the area between them, and the disk develops into two lateral podal buds and a median plate. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002428 development of the genital imaginal disk IDOMAL:0002428 In Aedes stimulans larvae of both genotypes an imaginal disk appears, during the 3rd instar, as a medial pair of epidermal thickenings in the posteroventral region of the 8th abdominal segment. During the first half of the 4th instar cell division occurs in these thickenings and in the area between them, and the disk develops into two lateral podal buds and a median plate. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 Male display of specialized behaviour patterns that overcome female unreceptiveness and form the normal preliminaries to copulation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002429 courtship IDOMAL:0002429 Male display of specialized behaviour patterns that overcome female unreceptiveness and form the normal preliminaries to copulation. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 The repeated restructuration of the light sensitive membrane through a cycle of degradation and renewal which is synchronous with the natural diel cycle of illlumination. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002430 turnover of transductive membrane IDOMAL:0002430 The repeated restructuration of the light sensitive membrane through a cycle of degradation and renewal which is synchronous with the natural diel cycle of illlumination. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Recognition of the microfilariae within the hemocoele triggers a humoral immune response that may result in melanotic encapsulation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002431 humoral response to filarial worms IDOMAL:0002431 Recognition of the microfilariae within the hemocoele triggers a humoral immune response that may result in melanotic encapsulation. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The assortment of movements of mosquito larvae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002432 larval locomotion IDOMAL:0002432 The assortment of movements of mosquito larvae. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 Upon entering an odour plume, mosquitoes continue to fly in a straight line. But if the subsequentely leave the plume they engage in rapid turns, a strategy that presumably increases the probability that they will reenter the plume or a neighboring one. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002433 movement within an odour plume IDOMAL:0002433 Upon entering an odour plume, mosquitoes continue to fly in a straight line. But if the subsequentely leave the plume they engage in rapid turns, a strategy that presumably increases the probability that they will reenter the plume or a neighboring one. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Any process that modulates the behavioural patterns of larvae. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002434 Knowledge of larval behaviour is essential to predicting where the insects are most likely to be found for purposes of census and management. It is important to understand when, where and how immatures feed when attempting to control them with microbial agents. regulation of larval behaviour IDOMAL:0002434 Any process that modulates the behavioural patterns of larvae. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The rate of food ingestion by larvae is generally enhanced by yeast extracts, nucleotides and generatl viscosity of the water. Temperature of water, larval instar and prior starvation also influence feeding rates. Larvae may also aggregate in response to gradients of temperature and nutrients within the water. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002435 regulation of larval feeding behaviour IDOMAL:0002435 The rate of food ingestion by larvae is generally enhanced by yeast extracts, nucleotides and generatl viscosity of the water. Temperature of water, larval instar and prior starvation also influence feeding rates. Larvae may also aggregate in response to gradients of temperature and nutrients within the water. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Differences in the response thresholds of larvae are heritable and can be modified by their nutritional state. Larvae that are maintained on a suboptimal diet are less likely to display the alarm response when stimulated by light. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002436 regulation of alarm behaviour IDOMAL:0002436 Differences in the response thresholds of larvae are heritable and can be modified by their nutritional state. Larvae that are maintained on a suboptimal diet are less likely to display the alarm response when stimulated by light. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary. Pantelis 2009-07-12T11:48:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002437 process_boundary true IDOMAL:0002437 A processual entity [span:ProcessualEntity] that is the fiat or bona fide instantaneous temporal process boundary. SPAN:process_boundary The rhythms are generally entrained by photoperiod and temperature and appear to be governed by multiple endogenous circadian pacemakers. Females that have mated often show an altered periodicity that eliminates the acitivity peak normally associated with the time of day that mating occurs. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002438 regulation of circadian rhythmicity IDOMAL:0002438 The rhythms are generally entrained by photoperiod and temperature and appear to be governed by multiple endogenous circadian pacemakers. Females that have mated often show an altered periodicity that eliminates the acitivity peak normally associated with the time of day that mating occurs. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Once the proteins have been degraded to their constituent amino acids in the lumen of the gut, they must be absorbed by the midgut epithelial cells and transferred to the haemolymph, from which they can be taken up by the fat body and other tissues. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002439 amino acid absorption IDOMAL:0002439 Once the proteins have been degraded to their constituent amino acids in the lumen of the gut, they must be absorbed by the midgut epithelial cells and transferred to the haemolymph, from which they can be taken up by the fat body and other tissues. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Insects use a unique mechanism to create a concentration gradient in glucose betweent he midgut lumen and the haemolymph taht ensures efficient passive transport. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002440 carbohydrate absorption IDOMAL:0002440 Insects use a unique mechanism to create a concentration gradient in glucose betweent he midgut lumen and the haemolymph taht ensures efficient passive transport. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 Several species accumulate fat droplets in midgut cells during blood meal digestion, but the origin of this lipid is unclear. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002441 Nothing is known about the mechanism of lipid absorption in insects. lipid absorption IDOMAL:0002441 Several species accumulate fat droplets in midgut cells during blood meal digestion, but the origin of this lipid is unclear. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 true IDOMAL:0002442 true IDOMAL:0002443 true IDOMAL:0002444 Several types of insect plasma proteins have been shown to function as pattern-recognition molecules. They bind to one or more polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide components on the surface of microbial cells. These interactions stimulate immune responses, such as phagocytosis, nodule formation and phenol oxidase activation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002445 pathogen recognition molecule IDOMAL:0002445 Several types of insect plasma proteins have been shown to function as pattern-recognition molecules. They bind to one or more polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide components on the surface of microbial cells. These interactions stimulate immune responses, such as phagocytosis, nodule formation and phenol oxidase activation. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The process of sequential activation of multiple proteases and other substrates, ultimately resulting in localized and highly regulated responses. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002446 activation of proteolytic cascade IDOMAL:0002446 The process of sequential activation of multiple proteases and other substrates, ultimately resulting in localized and highly regulated responses. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 After pathogen recognition proteolytic processing of pro-phenoloxidase activating enzyme (proPPAE) generates actve PPAE, which in turn cleaves pro-phenoloxidase (proPO) to active phenol oxidase. Phenol oxidase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dopa, which is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase (DDC). idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002447 activation of phenol oxidase IDOMAL:0002447 After pathogen recognition proteolytic processing of pro-phenoloxidase activating enzyme (proPPAE) generates actve PPAE, which in turn cleaves pro-phenoloxidase (proPO) to active phenol oxidase. Phenol oxidase catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to dopa, which is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase (DDC). ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The immune responses activated by proteases are regulated in vivo to limit them to localized areas and to protect the host from harmful effects of overstimulation of the immune system. In arthropods, as in mammals, serpins are used for regulation. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002448 regulation of proteolytic cascade IDOMAL:0002448 The immune responses activated by proteases are regulated in vivo to limit them to localized areas and to protect the host from harmful effects of overstimulation of the immune system. In arthropods, as in mammals, serpins are used for regulation. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 true IDOMAL:0002449 Encapsulation is a common immune reaction in insects against parasites or pathogens taht can also be induced by injection of expermental materials into the hemocoel. Cellular encapsulation can occur in two forms: (1) as nodule formation against small particulate material (e.g., bacteria), and (2) as capsule formation, which often occurs if the foreign object exceeds the size of phagocytic hemocytes. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002450 melanotic encapsulation IDOMAL:0002450 Encapsulation is a common immune reaction in insects against parasites or pathogens taht can also be induced by injection of expermental materials into the hemocoel. Cellular encapsulation can occur in two forms: (1) as nodule formation against small particulate material (e.g., bacteria), and (2) as capsule formation, which often occurs if the foreign object exceeds the size of phagocytic hemocytes. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 It occurs in its simplest form when a large foreign object becomes covered by certain types of hemocytes, which eventually form flattened layers completely enclosing the object. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002451 capsule formation IDOMAL:0002451 It occurs in its simplest form when a large foreign object becomes covered by certain types of hemocytes, which eventually form flattened layers completely enclosing the object. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 The worms are enclosed in an acellular layer of melanin, perhaps with the active participation of hemocytes. Subsequently, hemocyte adherence occurs, resulting in a single-layered cellular capsule over the melanized core. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002452 response to microfilarial worm IDOMAL:0002452 The worms are enclosed in an acellular layer of melanin, perhaps with the active participation of hemocytes. Subsequently, hemocyte adherence occurs, resulting in a single-layered cellular capsule over the melanized core. ISBN:0-12-473276-3 During the larval stage the alimentary canal grows by increase in cell size and with the formation polytene and endopolyploid nuclei. elvira 2007-11-30T12:35:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002453 growth of the alimentary canal IDOMAL:0002453 During the larval stage the alimentary canal grows by increase in cell size and with the formation polytene and endopolyploid nuclei. ISBN:0-412-40180-0 The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. elvira 2007-12-03T12:45:00Z GO:0046879 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002454 hormone secretion IDOMAL:0002454 The regulated release of hormones, substances with a specific regulatory effect on a particular organ or group of cells. GO:0046879 The assortment of movements of the adult mosquito. idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002455 adult locomotion IDOMAL:0002455 The assortment of movements of the adult mosquito. ISBN:0-85199-313-3 true IDOMAL:0002456 true IDOMAL:0002458 Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. Pantelis 2009-07-12T07:44:56Z CARO:0000054 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002459 anatomical group IDOMAL:0002459 Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue. CARO:0000054 Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. Pantelis 2009-07-12T07:46:28Z CARO:0000011 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002460 anatomical system IDOMAL:0002460 Anatomical group that is has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity. CARO:0000011 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. Pantelis 2009-07-12T07:49:15Z CARO:00000041 idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002461 anatomical cluster IDOMAL:0002461 Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another. CARO:0000041 A process of locomotion during the adult stage of a vector organism. Pantelis 2009-07-12T10:42:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002462 adult locomotion behaviour IDOMAL:0002462 A process of locomotion during the adult stage of a vector organism. KL:KL A canal with limited flow of water. louis 2010-06-01T11:40:58Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002463 canal with flowing water IDOMAL:0002463 A canal with limited flow of water. KL:KL A small collection of water in a track left by a car on a non-paved road. louis 2010-06-01T11:57:20Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002464 pool in a car track IDOMAL:0002464 A small collection of water in a track left by a car on a non-paved road. KL:KL A transient accumulation of rain water in a depression on a field. louis 2010-06-01T12:41:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002465 pool in a field IDOMAL:0002465 A transient accumulation of rain water in a depression on a field. KL:KL A depression made by an animal hoof while the soil was wet. louis 2010-06-01T12:41:53Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:0002466 cattle hoof print IDOMAL:0002466 A depression made by an animal hoof while the soil was wet. KL:KL true IDOMAL:002049 true IDOMAL:002158 true IDOMAL:002362 malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000004 mutated protein IDOMAL:50000004 The altered protein product of the cytochrome b gene. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000005 cytochrome b mutated protein IDOMAL:50000005 The altered protein product of the cytochrome b gene. EM:EM The altered protein product of cytochrome b containing a substitution of tyrosine with asparagine at position 268. malaria_ontology Y268N IDOMAL:50000006 cytochrome b Y268N substitution IDOMAL:50000006 The altered protein product of cytochrome b containing a substitution of tyrosine with asparagine at position 268. EM:EM Y268N EM:EM The altered protein product of cytochrome b containing a substitution of tyrosine with serine at position 268. malaria_ontology Y268S IDOMAL:50000007 cytochrome b Y268S substitution IDOMAL:50000007 The altered protein product of cytochrome b containing a substitution of tyrosine with serine at position 268. EM:EM The altered protein product of the PfCRT gene. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000008 PfCRT mutated protein IDOMAL:50000008 The altered protein product of the PfCRT gene. EM:EM The altered protein product of the PfDHFR gene. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000009 PfDHFR mutated protein IDOMAL:50000009 The altered protein product of the PfDHFR gene. EM:EM The altered protein product of the PfDHPS gene. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000010 PfDHPS mutated protein IDOMAL:50000010 The altered protein product of the PfDHPS gene. EM:EM The altered protein product of the PfMDR1 gene. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000011 PfMDR1 mutated protein IDOMAL:50000011 The altered protein product of the PfMDR1 gene. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfCRT containing a substitution of lysine with threonine at position 76. malaria_ontology K76T IDOMAL:50000012 PfCRT K76T substitution IDOMAL:50000012 The altered protein product of PfCRT containing a substitution of lysine with threonine at position 76. EM:EM The altered protein product of the PfDHFR containing a substitution of cysteine with arginine at position 59. malaria_ontology C59R IDOMAL:50000013 PfDHFR C59R substitution IDOMAL:50000013 The altered protein product of the PfDHFR containing a substitution of cysteine with arginine at position 59. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHFR containing a substitution of isoleucine with leucine at position 164. malaria_ontology I164L IDOMAL:50000014 PfDHFR I164L substitution IDOMAL:50000014 The altered protein product of PfDHFR containing a substitution of isoleucine with leucine at position 164. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHFR containing a substitution of asparagine with isoleucine at position 51. malaria_ontology N51I IDOMAL:50000015 PfDHFR N51I substitution IDOMAL:50000015 The altered protein product of PfDHFR containing a substitution of asparagine with isoleucine at position 51. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHFR containing a substitution of serine with asparagine at position 108. malaria_ontology S108N IDOMAL:50000016 PfDHFR S108N substitution IDOMAL:50000016 The altered protein product of PfDHFR containing a substitution of serine with asparagine at position 108. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine with glycine at position 437. malaria_ontology A437G IDOMAL:50000017 PfDHPS A437G substitution IDOMAL:50000017 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine with glycine at position 437. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine with glycine at position 581. malaria_ontology A581G IDOMAL:50000018 PfDHPS A581G substitution IDOMAL:50000018 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine with glycine at position 581. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine to serine at position 613. malaria_ontology A613S IDOMAL:50000019 PfDHPS A613S substitution IDOMAL:50000019 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine to serine at position 613. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine to threonine at position 613. malaria_ontology A613T IDOMAL:50000020 PfDHPS A613T substitution IDOMAL:50000020 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of alanine to threonine at position 613. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of lysine with glutathione at position 540. malaria_ontology K540E IDOMAL:50000021 PfDHPS K540E substitution IDOMAL:50000021 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of lysine with glutathione at position 540. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of serine to alanine at position 436. malaria_ontology S436S IDOMAL:50000022 PfDHPS S436A substitution IDOMAL:50000022 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of serine to alanine at position 436. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of serine with phenylalanine at position 436. malaria_ontology S436F IDOMAL:50000023 PfDHPS S436F substitution IDOMAL:50000023 The altered protein product of PfDHPS containing a substitution of serine with phenylalanine at position 436. EM:EM The altered protein product of PfMDR1 containing a substitution of asparagine with tyrosine at position 86. malaria_ontology N86Y IDOMAL:50000024 PfMDR1 N86Y substitution IDOMAL:50000024 The altered protein product of PfMDR1 containing a substitution of asparagine with tyrosine at position 86. EM:EM A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene that alters the genetic message carried by that gene. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000026 mutation IDOMAL:50000026 A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene that alters the genetic message carried by that gene. GRO:mutation A resistance to more than two operational antimalarial compounds belonging to different chemical classes. malaria_ontology multiple antimalarial drug resistance IDOMAL:50000030 resistance to multiple antimalarial drugs IDOMAL:50000030 A resistance to more than two operational antimalarial compounds belonging to different chemical classes. PMID:11937421 A resistance to one operational antimalarial compound. malaria_ontology single antimalarial drug resistance IDOMAL:50000031 resistance to single antimalarial drug IDOMAL:50000031 A resistance to one operational antimalarial compound. PMID:11937421 A prospensity to readily develop resistance to structurally and mechanistically unrelated compounds. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000032 accelerated resistance to multiple drugs IDOMAL:50000032 A prospensity to readily develop resistance to structurally and mechanistically unrelated compounds. PMID:21174623 The ability to resist several antimalarial drugs due to the common or shared aspects of their mode of action or their resistance mechanism. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000033 cross-resistance to multiple drugs IDOMAL:50000033 The ability to resist several antimalarial drugs due to the common or shared aspects of their mode of action or their resistance mechanism. PMID:12667224 The ability to resist several antimalarials that are used simultaneously. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000034 simultaneous resistance to multiple drugs IDOMAL:50000034 The ability to resist several antimalarials that are used simultaneously. PMID:12667224 Resistance to the simultaneously used drugs atovaquone and proguanil. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000035 atovaquone-proguanil resistance IDOMAL:50000035 Resistance to the simultaneously used drugs atovaquone and proguanil. EM:EM Resistance to the simultaneously used drugs sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine. malaria_ontology IDOMAL:50000036 sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance IDOMAL:50000036 Resistance to the simultaneously used drugs sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine. EM:EM Resistance to atovaquone. malaria_ontology resistance to atovaquone IDOMAL:50000037 atovaquone resistance IDOMAL:50000037 Resistance to atovaquone. EM:EM Resistance to artemisinin. malaria_ontology resistance to artemisinin IDOMAL:50000038 artemisinin resistance IDOMAL:50000038 Resistance to artemisinin. EM:EM A resistance to the group of antifolate drugs. malaria_ontology resistance to antifolates IDOMAL:50000039 antifolate resistance IDOMAL:50000039 A resistance to the group of antifolate drugs. EM:EM A resistance to proguanil. malaria_ontology resistance to proguanil IDOMAL:50000040 proguanil resistance. IDOMAL:50000040 A resistance to proguanil. EM:EM A resistance to pyrimethamine. malaria_ontology resistance to pyrimethamine IDOMAL:50000041 pyrimethamine resistance IDOMAL:50000041 A resistance to pyrimethamine. EM:EM A resistance to chloroquine. malaria_ontology resistance to cholorquine IDOMAL:50000042 chloroquine resistance IDOMAL:50000042 A resistance to chloroquine. EM:EM A resistance to lumefantrine. malaria_ontology resistance to lumefantrine IDOMAL:50000043 lumefantrine resistance IDOMAL:50000043 A resistance to lumefantrine. EM:EM A resistance to mefloquine. malaria_ontology resistance to mefloquine IDOMAL:50000044 mefloquine resistance IDOMAL:50000044 A resistance to mefloquine. EM:EM A resistance to piperaquine. malaria_ontology resistance to mefloquine IDOMAL:50000045 piperaquine resistance IDOMAL:50000045 A resistance to piperaquine. EM:EM A resistance to quinine. malaria_ontology resistance to quinine IDOMAL:50000046 quinine resistance IDOMAL:50000046 A resistance to quinine. EM:EM A resistance to sulfadoxine. malaria_ontology resistance to sulfadoxine IDOMAL:50000047 sulfadoxine resistance IDOMAL:50000047 A resistance to sulfadoxine. EM:EM A reduction in the sensitivity to a drug following its repeated administration, in which increased doses are required to produce the same magnitude of effect previously produced by a smaller dose. This increase in dose may be necessitated by changes in the metabolism of the drug, or a cellular, physiological or behavioral adaptation to the effects of the drug. malaria_ontology antimalarial drug tolerance IDOMAL:50000048 tolerance to antimalarial drug IDOMAL:50000048 A reduction in the sensitivity to a drug following its repeated administration, in which increased doses are required to produce the same magnitude of effect previously produced by a smaller dose. This increase in dose may be necessitated by changes in the metabolism of the drug, or a cellular, physiological or behavioral adaptation to the effects of the drug. NCI:Thesaurus An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. louis 2012-02-22T08:12:42Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000000 plant anatomical entity IDOMAL:6000000 An anatomical entity that is or was part of a plant. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PO:PO_0025131 An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. louis 2012-02-22T08:22:00Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000001 plant structure IDOMAL:6000001 An anatomical structure that is or was part of a plant, or was derived from a part of a plant. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PO:PO_0009011 A plant structure which is a whole organism. louis 2012-02-22T08:25:01Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000002 whole plant IDOMAL:6000002 A plant structure which is a whole organism. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PO:PO_0000003 A plant structure that consists predominantly of similarly specialized cells of one or more types. louis 2012-02-22T08:28:38Z idomal_namespace plant tissue IDOMAL:6000003 portion of plant tissue IDOMAL:6000003 A plant structure that consists predominantly of similarly specialized cells of one or more types. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PO:PO_0009007 All tissues outside the vascular cambium or the xylem; in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem. louis 2012-02-22T08:30:04Z portion of bark tissue idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000004 bark IDOMAL:6000004 All tissues outside the vascular cambium or the xylem; in older trees may be divided into dead outer bark and living inner bark, which consists of secondary phloem. http://purl.org/obo/owl/PO:PO_0004518 Any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cellulose cell walls, and lacking the power of locomotion. louis 2012-02-22T08:46:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000005 plant IDOMAL:6000005 Any of various photosynthetic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae characteristically producing embryos, containing chloroplasts, having cellulose cell walls, and lacking the power of locomotion. www.thefreedictionary.com:/plant The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants louis 2012-02-22T02:12:33Z madder family idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000006 Rubiaceae IDOMAL:6000006 The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants Wikipedia:rubiaceae Cinchona is a genus of about 38 species in the family Rubiaceae, native to the tropical Andes forests of western South America. louis 2012-02-22T02:18:08Z Quina idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000007 Chinchona IDOMAL:6000007 Cinchona is a genus of about 38 species in the family Rubiaceae, native to the tropical Andes forests of western South America. Wikipedia:chinchona A member of the Cinchona family growing in Bolivia. louis 2012-02-22T02:22:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000008 Cinchona ledgeriana IDOMAL:6000008 A member of the Cinchona family growing in Bolivia. KL:KL A member of the Cinchona family growing in Ecuador. louis 2012-02-22T02:22:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000009 Cinchona succirubra IDOMAL:6000009 A member of the Cinchona family growing in Ecuador. KL:KL A member of the Cinchona family growing in Ecuador and Peru. louis 2012-02-22T02:22:10Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000010 Cinchona officinalis IDOMAL:6000010 A member of the Cinchona family growing in Ecuador and Peru. KL:KL The bark of the Cinchona plant. louis 2012-02-22T02:27:47Z Jesuits' bark Peruvian bark quinquina idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000011 Cinchona bark IDOMAL:6000011 The bark of the Cinchona plant. KL:KL Any of basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom (but not excluding those of animal origin). Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are included. louis 2012-02-23T10:31:23Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000016 alcaloid IDOMAL:6000016 Any of basic nitrogen compounds (mostly heterocyclic) occurring mostly in the plant kingdom (but not excluding those of animal origin). Amino acids, peptides, proteins, nucleotides, nucleic acids, amino sugars and antibiotics are not normally regarded as alkaloids. By extension, certain neutral compounds biogenetically related to basic alkaloids are included. CHEBI:22315 An alkaloid belonging to the quinolines. louis 2012-02-23T10:35:52Z idomal_namespace quinoline alkaloids IDOMAL:6000017 quinoline alkaloid IDOMAL:6000017 An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton. louis 2012-02-23T10:37:09Z idomal_namespace cinchona alkaloids IDOMAL:6000018 cinchona alkaloid IDOMAL:6000018 An alkaloid based on a cinchonan skeleton. CHEBI:51323 A cinchona alkaloid that has formula C20H24N2O3. louis 2012-02-23T10:41:07Z (8alpha,9R)-6'-methoxycinchonan-3,9-diol idomal_namespace 3-Hydroxyquinine IDOMAL:6000019 3-hydroxyquinine IDOMAL:6000019 A cinchona alkaloid that has formula C20H24N2O3. CHEBI:17685 A quinoline alkaloid fundamental parent that has formula C19H22N2. louis 2012-02-23T10:41:07Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000020 cinchonan IDOMAL:6000020 A quinoline alkaloid fundamental parent that has formula C19H22N2. CHEBI:35933 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis. louis 2012-02-23T10:41:07Z (8alpha,9R)-cinchonan-9-ol idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000021 cinchonidine IDOMAL:6000021 8-epi-Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (R configuration). A diasteroisomer of cinchonine, it occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis. CHEBI:3703 Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis. louis 2012-02-23T10:41:07Z (9S)-cinchonan-9-ol Cinchonine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000022 cinchonine IDOMAL:6000022 Cinchonan in which a hydrogen at position 9 is substituted by hydroxy (S configuration). It occurs in the bark of most varieties of Cinchona shrubs, and is frequently used for directing chirality in asymmetric synthesis. CHEBI:27509 A cinchona alkaloid that has formula C19H22N2O2. louis 2012-02-23T10:41:07Z (9R)-cinchonan-6',9-diol Cupreine idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000023 cupreine IDOMAL:6000023 A cinchona alkaloid that has formula C19H22N2O2. CHEBI:28582 true IDOMAL:6000024 true IDOMAL:6000025 The monoprotonated form of quinine, the predominant species at pH7.3. louis 2012-02-23T10:41:07Z idomal_namespace (9R)-9-hydroxy-6'-methoxy-8alpha-cinchonan-1-ium IDOMAL:6000026 quinine(1+) IDOMAL:6000026 The monoprotonated form of quinine, the predominant species at pH7.3. CHEBI:137041 A D-gluconate adduct that has formula C26H36N2O9. louis 2012-02-23T10:50:33Z (9S)-6'-methoxycinchonan-9-ol--D-gluconic acid (1:1) idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000027 quinidine D-gluconate IDOMAL:6000027 A D-gluconate adduct that has formula C26H36N2O9. CHEBI:27502 Is a sulfate salt of quinidine. louis 2012-02-23T10:50:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000028 quinidine sulfate IDOMAL:6000028 Is a sulfate salt of quinidine. CHEBI:28482 KL:KL Decoction is a method of extraction, by boiling, of dissolved chemicals, or herbal or plant material, which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes. louis 2012-02-23T11:04:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000030 decoction IDOMAL:6000030 Decoction is a method of extraction, by boiling, of dissolved chemicals, or herbal or plant material, which may include stems, roots, bark and rhizomes. Wikipedia:decostion An infusion is the process of steeping plants that have desired chemical compounds or flavors in a solvent such as water or oil or alcohol. louis 2012-02-23T11:04:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000031 infusion IDOMAL:6000031 An infusion is the process of steeping plants that have desired chemical compounds or flavors in a solvent such as water or oil or alcohol. KL:KL The softening or separation into constituent elements of a tissue by soaking in liquid. louis 2012-02-23T11:04:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000032 maceration IDOMAL:6000032 The softening or separation into constituent elements of a tissue by soaking in liquid. KL:KL A member of the Cinchona family growing in Bolivia. louis 2012-02-23T11:23:19Z idomal_namespace Yellowbark IDOMAL:6000033 Cinchona calisaya IDOMAL:6000033 A member of the Cinchona family growing in Bolivia. KL:KL A member of the Cinchona family growing in Peru. louis 2012-02-23T11:23:19Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000034 Cinchona nicrantha IDOMAL:6000034 A member of the Cinchona family growing in Peru. KL:KL A member of the Cinchona family growing in Ecuador. louis 2012-02-23T11:23:19Z idomal_namespace red Cinvhona IDOMAL:6000035 Cinchona pubescens IDOMAL:6000035 A member of the Cinchona family growing in Ecuador. KL:KL The Asteraceae is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. louis 2012-02-23T11:36:02Z aster family daisy family sunflower family Compositae idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000036 Asteraceae IDOMAL:6000036 The Asteraceae is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. KL:KL Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 to 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. louis 2012-02-23T11:44:33Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000037 Artemisia IDOMAL:6000037 Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 to 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. Wikipedia:artemisia A member of the artemisia family. louis 2012-02-23T12:11:48Z Sweet wormwood qing hao qinghao sweet Annie idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000038 Artemisia annua IDOMAL:6000038 A member of the artemisia family. KL:KL A member of the artemisia family. louis 2012-02-23T12:23:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000039 Artemisia lancea IDOMAL:6000039 A member of the artemisia family. KL:KL A member of the artemisia family. louis 2012-02-23T12:23:26Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000040 Artemisia apiacea IDOMAL:6000040 A member of the artemisia family. KL:KL The Meliaceae, or the Mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. louis 2012-02-23T02:16:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000041 Meliaceae IDOMAL:6000041 The Meliaceae, or the Mahogany family, is a flowering plant family of mostly trees and shrubs (and a few herbaceous plants, mangroves) in the order Sapindales. Wikipedia:meliaceae Agenus in the family Meliaceae. louis 2012-02-23T02:20:57Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000042 Azadirachta IDOMAL:6000042 Agenus in the family Meliaceae. KL:KL Azadirachta indica is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. louis 2012-02-23T02:21:58Z Neem Neem tree neem tree idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000043 Azadirachta indica IDOMAL:6000043 Azadirachta indica is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. KL:KL louis 2012-02-24T08:38:08Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000044 Heliantheae IDOMAL:6000044 A species in the genus Heliantheae. louis 2012-02-24T08:41:13Z cocklebur idomal_namespace <new synonym>Xanthium occidentale IDOMAL:6000045 Xanthium strumarium IDOMAL:6000045 A species in the genus Heliantheae. KL:KL Hydrangeaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe. louis 2012-02-24T10:18:58Z Hydrangea family idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000046 Hydrangeaceae IDOMAL:6000046 Hydrangeaceae are a family of flowering plants in the order Cornales, with a wide distribution in Asia and North America, and locally in southeastern Europe. Wikipedia:Wikipedia Dichroa is a genus of 12 species of flowering plants in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia. louis 2012-02-24T10:20:17Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000047 Dichroa IDOMAL:6000047 Dichroa is a genus of 12 species of flowering plants in the family Hydrangeaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia. Wikipedia:dichroa D. febrifuga is a species in the genus Dichroa. louis 2012-02-24T10:22:02Z Changshan idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000048 Dichroa febrifuga IDOMAL:6000048 D. febrifuga is a species in the genus Dichroa. KL:KL Plantaginaceae Juss. or plantain family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. louis 2012-02-24T10:29:10Z speedwell family idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000049 Plantaginaceae IDOMAL:6000049 Plantaginaceae Juss. or plantain family, are a family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales. Wikipedia:plantagimaceae Is a tribe in the family Plantaginaceae. louis 2012-02-24T10:30:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000050 Picrorhiza IDOMAL:6000050 Is a tribe in the family Plantaginaceae. KL:KL Is a species in the tribe Picrorhiza. louis 2012-02-24T10:32:52Z Katuka idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000051 Picrorhiza kurrooa IDOMAL:6000051 Is a species in the tribe Picrorhiza. KL:KL The Apocynaceae or dogbane family is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas. louis 2012-02-24T10:38:08Z dogbane family idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000052 Apocynaceae IDOMAL:6000052 The Apocynaceae or dogbane family is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, and lianas. Wikipedia:Apocynaceae Alstonia is a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs from the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). louis 2012-02-24T10:39:29Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000053 Alstonia IDOMAL:6000053 Alstonia is a widespread genus of evergreen trees and shrubs from the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). Wikipedia:alstonia Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae, commonly called Blackboard tree, Indian devil tree, Ditabark, Milkwood pine, White cheesewood and Pulai; syn. Echites scholaris L. Mant. , Pala scholaris L. Roberty) is an evergreen, tropical tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. louis 2012-02-24T10:41:24Z Blackboard tree Ditabark Echites scholaris L. Mant. Indian devil tree Milkwood pine Pala scholaris L. Roberty Pulai White cheesewood idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000054 Alstonia scholaris IDOMAL:6000054 Alstonia scholaris (Apocynaceae, commonly called Blackboard tree, Indian devil tree, Ditabark, Milkwood pine, White cheesewood and Pulai; syn. Echites scholaris L. Mant. , Pala scholaris L. Roberty) is an evergreen, tropical tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Wikipedia:Alstonia_scholaris Gentianaceae are a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. louis 2012-02-24T10:49:42Z gentian family idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000055 Gentianaceae IDOMAL:6000055 Gentianaceae are a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and over 1500 species. Wikipedia:Gentianaceae Swertia is a genus in the gentian family containing plants sometimes referred to as the felworts. louis 2012-02-24T10:52:30Z felworts idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000056 Swertia IDOMAL:6000056 Swertia is a genus in the gentian family containing plants sometimes referred to as the felworts. Wikipedia:swertia A species in the genus Swertia. louis 2012-02-24T10:53:47Z Chirette Indian Dowa i pechish Indian Gentian Swertia chrata bitter stick clearing nut tree idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000057 Swertia chirayta IDOMAL:6000057 A species in the genus Swertia. KL:KL The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. louis 2012-02-24T11:04:38Z pea family idomal_namespace Leguminosae IDOMAL:6000058 Fabaceae IDOMAL:6000058 The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. Wikipedia:fabaceae Caesalpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. louis 2012-02-24T11:07:54Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000059 Caesalpinia IDOMAL:6000059 Caesalpinia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. Wikipedia:caesalpinia A species in the genus Caesalpinia. louis 2012-02-24T11:08:41Z Caesalpinia bonducella yellow nicker idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000060 Caesalpinia bonduc IDOMAL:6000060 A species in the genus Caesalpinia. KL:KL The disposition of a plant or its parts to be used to cure disease or relieve pain. louis 2012-02-24T12:05:43Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000062 medicinal plant disposition IDOMAL:6000062 The disposition of a plant or its parts to be used to cure disease or relieve pain. KL:KL Cassia is a genus of Fabaceae in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. louis 2012-02-24T12:26:09Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000063 Cassia IDOMAL:6000063 Cassia is a genus of Fabaceae in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Wikipedia:Cassia A species, also known as Cassia occidentalis, in the genus Cassia. louis 2012-02-24T12:31:56Z Balambalan Kassa Go Cassia occidentalis antbush coffee senna idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000064 Senna occidentalis IDOMAL:6000064 A species, also known as Cassia occidentalis, in the genus Cassia. KL:KL Verbenaceae, commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. louis 2012-02-24T12:36:44Z verbena family idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000065 Verbenaceae IDOMAL:6000065 Verbenaceae, commonly known as the verbena family or vervain family, is a family of mainly tropical flowering plants. Wikipedia:Verbenaceae A genus in the family Verbenaceae. louis 2012-02-24T12:41:44Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000066 Lippia IDOMAL:6000066 A genus in the family Verbenaceae. KL:KL A species in the genus Lippia. louis 2012-02-24T12:42:18Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000067 Lippia chevalieri IDOMAL:6000067 A species in the genus Lippia. KL:KL A species in the genus Heliantheae. louis 2012-02-24T12:45:48Z Farimani idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000068 Spilanthes oleracea IDOMAL:6000068 A species in the genus Heliantheae. KL:KL Crytolepis is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae. louis 2012-02-24T01:00:06Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000069 Cryptolepis IDOMAL:6000069 Crytolepis is a plant genus in the family Apocynaceae. Wikipedia:Cryptolepis Cryptolepis sanguinolenta is a member of the genus Cryptolepis. louis 2012-02-24T01:01:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000070 Cryprolepis sanguinolenta IDOMAL:6000070 Cryptolepis sanguinolenta is a member of the genus Cryptolepis. Wikipedia:Cryptolepis_sanguinolenta Loganiaceae are a family of flowering plants classified in order Gentianales. louis 2012-02-24T01:06:33Z idomal_namespace Spigeliaceae IDOMAL:6000071 Loganiaceae IDOMAL:6000071 Loganiaceae are a family of flowering plants classified in order Gentianales. Wikipedia:Loganiaceae Strychnos is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to family Loganiaceae (sometimes Strychnaceae). louis 2012-02-24T01:08:35Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000072 Strychnos IDOMAL:6000072 Strychnos is a genus of flowering plants, belonging to family Loganiaceae (sometimes Strychnaceae). Wikipedia:Strychnos A species in the genus Strychnos. louis 2012-02-24T01:10:43Z retendrika idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000073 Strychnos myrtoides IDOMAL:6000073 A species in the genus Strychnos. KL:KL louis 2012-04-03T02:07:49Z idomal_namespace IDOMAL:6000075 insect repellent IDOMAL:6000075 An organism bearing a host role. IDOMAL:0000055 idomal_namespace IDO:0000408 host IDO:0000408 An organism bearing a host role. IDO:408 A disease whose physical basis is an infection. Pantelis 2008-12-22T08:45:03Z IDOMAL:0001051 idomal_namespace IDO:0000436 infectious disease IDO:0000436 A disease whose physical basis is an infection. IDO:436 A protective resistance that mitigates the damaging effects of a drug. IDOMAL:0000027 drug resistance idomal_namespace IDO:0000445 resistance to drug IDO:0000445 A protective resistance that mitigates the damaging effects of a drug. IDO:445 true IDO:0000447 A disposition to initiate processes that result in a disorder. IDOMAL:0000025 pathogenicity idomal_namespace IDO:0000450 The disposition is realized in processes that create a disorder. The use of 'initiates' is intended to convey that a pathogenic disposition is realized when processes resulting in a disorder begin because of some action on the part of the bearer of the disposition. By this interpretation of 'initiates', disorder-causing entities such as glass, UV light, and toxins do not have a pathogenic disposition. pathogenic disposition IDO:0000450 A disposition to initiate processes that result in a disorder. IDO:0000450 A quality that inheres in an infectious agent and is the degree to which realizations of the infectious disease caused by the infectious agent become severe or fatal. IDOMAL:0000004 idomal_namespace IDO:0000466 This quality is measured by the proportion of clinically apparent cases that are severe or fatal. virulence IDO:0000466 A quality that inheres in an infectious agent and is the degree to which realizations of the infectious disease caused by the infectious agent become severe or fatal. IDO:466 A quality that inheres in an entity and is the degree to which it can be harmed by another entity of a certain type. Pantelis 2008-09-11T10:46:55Z IDOMAL:0001048 idomal_namespace IDO:0000467 susceptibility IDO:0000467 A quality that inheres in an entity and is the degree to which it can be harmed by another entity of a certain type. IDO:467 A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the number of organisms in the population that become infected with an infectious agent during a specified period of time. Topito 2013-05-28T14:12:02Z IDO:0000480 idomal_namespace IDO:0000480 infection incidence IDO:0000480 A quality that inheres in an organism population and is the number of organisms in the population that become infected with an infectious agent during a specified period of time. IDO:0000480 The number of organisms in the population infected with an infectious agent at a specified time. Topito 2013-05-28T14:07:01Z IDO:0000486 idomal_namespace IDO:0000486 infection prevalence IDO:0000486 The number of organisms in the population infected with an infectious agent at a specified time. IDO:0000486 true IDO:0000509 true IDO:0000581 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 296 in the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000001 Rdl A296S MIRO:00000001 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 296 in the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Loss of function of specific midgut receptors. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000002 deficiency of midgut receptor MIRO:00000002 Loss of function of specific midgut receptors. PT:PT Class of insecticide resistance that relies on the biochemical transformation of the insecticide, ultimately reducing its capacity to interact with a target molecule. idomal_namespace Detoxification MIRO:00000003 metabolic resistance MIRO:00000003 Class of insecticide resistance that relies on the biochemical transformation of the insecticide, ultimately reducing its capacity to interact with a target molecule. PMID:16925478 Resistance caused by a structural change of the insecticide target gene product leading to decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000004 target-site resistance MIRO:00000004 Resistance caused by a structural change of the insecticide target gene product leading to decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Resistance due to a modification in insect behaviour that helps it avoid the lethal effect of insecticides. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000005 behavioural resistance MIRO:00000005 Resistance due to a modification in insect behaviour that helps it avoid the lethal effect of insecticides. KL:KL Modification(s) in the insect cuticle preventing or slowing the absorption or penetration of insecticide. IRAC:manual idomal_namespace MIRO:00000006 reduced penetration MIRO:00000006 Modification(s) in the insect cuticle preventing or slowing the absorption or penetration of insecticide. IRAC:manual IRAC:manual IRAC manual Resistance due to a chemical-dependent modification in insect behaviour that helps it avoid the lethal effect of insecticides (e.g. repellance). idomal_namespace MIRO:00000007 stimulus dependent resistance MIRO:00000007 Resistance due to a chemical-dependent modification in insect behaviour that helps it avoid the lethal effect of insecticides (e.g. repellance). KL:KL Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1016 (V-G) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000008 Kdr V1016G MIRO:00000008 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1016 (V-G) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1016 (V-I) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000009 Kdr V1016I MIRO:00000009 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1016 (V-I) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1011 (I-M) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000010 Kdr I1011M MIRO:00000010 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1011 (I-M) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1011 (I-V) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000011 Kdr I1011V MIRO:00000011 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1011 (I-V) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Metabolic resistance due to qualitative or quantitative changes in COE gene products (group of hydrolase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing compounds containing ester bonds) resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. PMID:16925478 COE resistance idomal_namespace MIRO:00000012 carboxysterase resistance MIRO:00000012 Metabolic resistance due to qualitative or quantitative changes in COE gene products (group of hydrolase enzymes capable of hydrolyzing compounds containing ester bonds) resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. IRAC:manual PMID:16925478 PMID:16925478 Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231 A change of the COE activity; the resulting metabolic resistance is due to up-regulated COE gene products, which more efficiently sequester or metabolize insecticides. COE upregulation idomal_namespace MIRO:00000013 COE quantitatively changed MIRO:00000013 A change of the COE activity; the resulting metabolic resistance is due to up-regulated COE gene products, which more efficiently sequester or metabolize insecticides. KL:KL Metabolic resistance due to quantitative or qualitative changes in GST gene products (phase II metabolic enzymes capable of conjugating reduced glutathione to the electrophilic centers of exogenous and endogenous compounds) resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. GSH S-transferase resistance GST resistance idomal_namespace MIRO:00000014 Glutathione S-transferase resistance MIRO:00000014 Metabolic resistance due to quantitative or qualitative changes in GST gene products (phase II metabolic enzymes capable of conjugating reduced glutathione to the electrophilic centers of exogenous and endogenous compounds) resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. PMID:16925478 Metabolic resistance due to quantitative or qualitative changes in P450 gene products (phase I metabolic enzymes capable of oxidizing endogenous and exogenous compounds by oxidation or other related reactions) resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification, or reduced insecticide activation. PMID:16925478 idomal_namespace P450 resistance MIRO:00000015 P450 monoxygenases resistance MIRO:00000015 Metabolic resistance due to quantitative or qualitative changes in P450 gene products (phase I metabolic enzymes capable of oxidizing endogenous and exogenous compounds by oxidation or other related reactions) resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification, or reduced insecticide activation. PMID:16925478 PMID:16925478 Li et al. (2007), Ann Rev Entomol, 52: 231 A change of the COE activity; the resulting metabolic resistance is due to structural change of COE gene product resulting in more efficient metabolism or sequestration of insecticides. COE mutation idomal_namespace MIRO:00000016 qualitatively changed COE MIRO:00000016 A change of the COE activity; the resulting metabolic resistance is due to structural change of COE gene product resulting in more efficient metabolism or sequestration of insecticides. KL:KL The karyotype of the members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. Topito 2014-04-10T21:34:42Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000017 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato karyotype MIRO:00000017 The karyotype of the members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous j, c and u 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000018 jcu/jcu MIRO:00000018 A karyotype having an homozygous j, c and u 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having a j, b, c and u inverted 2R chromosome over a j, c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000019 jbcu/jcu MIRO:00000019 A karyotype having a j, b, c and u inverted 2R chromosome over a j, c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous j, b, c and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000020 jbcu/jbcu MIRO:00000020 A karyotype having an homozygous j, b, c and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A selected heritable characteristic in an insect population that results in the repeated failure of one single insecticide (but not others within or outside that class) to provide the intended level of control when used as recommended. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000021 resistance to single insecticide MIRO:00000021 A selected heritable characteristic in an insect population that results in the repeated failure of one single insecticide (but not others within or outside that class) to provide the intended level of control when used as recommended. IRAC:manual A karyotype having an homozygous b, c and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000022 bcu/bcu MIRO:00000022 A karyotype having an homozygous b, c and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having a c and u inverted 2R chromosome over a b, c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000023 cu/bcu MIRO:00000023 A karyotype having a c and u inverted 2R chromosome over a b, c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous c and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000024 cu/cu MIRO:00000024 A karyotype having an homozygous c and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having a b inverted 2R chromosome over a b, c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000025 b/bcu MIRO:00000025 A karyotype having a b inverted 2R chromosome over a b, c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having a b inverted 2R chromosome over a c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000026 b/cu MIRO:00000026 A karyotype having a b inverted 2R chromosome over a c, and u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous b inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000027 b/b MIRO:00000027 A karyotype having an homozygous b inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT Resistance resulting from a chemical-independent modification in behaviour that helps the insect avoid the lethal effect of insecticides. IRAC:manual idomal_namespace MIRO:00000028 stimulus independent resistance MIRO:00000028 Resistance resulting from a chemical-independent modification in behaviour that helps the insect avoid the lethal effect of insecticides. IRAC:manual IRAC:manual IRAC manual A karyotype having a b,c and u inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000029 +/bcu MIRO:00000029 A karyotype having a b,c and u inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. PT:PT A karyotype having a c and u inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000030 +/cu MIRO:00000030 A karyotype having a c and u inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. PT:PT A karyotype having a b inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000031 +/b MIRO:00000031 A karyotype having a b inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous wild type 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000032 +/+ MIRO:00000032 A karyotype having an homozygous wild type 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having a u inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000033 u/+ MIRO:00000033 A karyotype having a u inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000034 u/u MIRO:00000034 A karyotype having an homozygous u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having a b and c inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000035 bc/+ MIRO:00000035 A karyotype having a b and c inverted 2R chromosome over wild type. PT:PT A karyotype having a b and c inverted 2R chromosome over a u inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000036 bc/u MIRO:00000036 A karyotype having a b and c inverted 2R chromosome over a u inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT A karyotype having an homozygous b and c inverted 2R chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:39:38Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000037 bc/bc MIRO:00000037 A karyotype having an homozygous b and c inverted 2R chromosome. PT:PT The karyotype of the members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex focusing on the right arm of the second chromosome. Topito 2014-04-10T21:40:56Z idomal_namespace MIRO:00000038 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato 2R kayotype MIRO:00000038 The karyotype of the members of the Anopheles gambiae species complex focusing on the right arm of the second chromosome. PT:PT Change of permeability of the cuticle resulting in reduced insecticide uptake. This can lead to resistance due to lower amounts of insecticide inside the insect's body. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000077 cuticle permeability related resistance MIRO:00000077 Change of permeability of the cuticle resulting in reduced insecticide uptake. This can lead to resistance due to lower amounts of insecticide inside the insect's body. KL:KL Increased cuticle or cell-mediated insecticide excretion. This can lead to resistance due to lower amounts of insecticide inside the insect's body. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000078 enhanced excretion MIRO:00000078 Increased cuticle or cell-mediated insecticide excretion. This can lead to resistance due to lower amounts of insecticide inside the insect's body. KL:KL Structural change of COEa family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000079 COEa structural change of gene product in family MIRO:00000079 Structural change of COEa family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Structural change of gene product in family COEb family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000080 COEb structural change of gene product in family MIRO:00000080 Structural change of gene product in family COEb family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Structural change of gene product in family COEjh family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000081 COEjh structural change of gene product in family MIRO:00000081 Structural change of gene product in family COEjh family gene product due to a mutation of the gene resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEa gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000082 elevated COEa levels MIRO:00000082 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEa gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEb gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000083 elevated COEb levels MIRO:00000083 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEb gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEjh gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000084 elevated COEjh level MIRO:00000084 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of COEjh gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. GSH S-transferase upregulation idomal_namespace MIRO:00000085 GST quantitatively changed MIRO:00000085 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. GSH S-tranferase mutation idomal_namespace MIRO:00000086 qualitatively changed GST MIRO:00000086 Structural changes in GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GSTd gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000087 structural change of product in GSTd gene family MIRO:00000087 Structural changes in GSTd gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GSTe gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000088 structural change of product in GSTe gene family MIRO:00000088 Structural changes in GSTe gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GSTo gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000089 structural change of product in GSTo gene family MIRO:00000089 Structural changes in GSTo gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GSTt gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000090 structural change of product in GSTt gene family MIRO:00000090 Structural changes in GSTt gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GSTu gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000091 structural change of product in GSTu gene family MIRO:00000091 Structural changes in GSTu gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000092 structural change of product in GSTz gene family MIRO:00000092 Structural changes in GST gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTd gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000093 elevated GSTd level MIRO:00000093 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTd gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTe gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000094 elevated GSTe level MIRO:00000094 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTe gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTo gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000095 elevated GSTo level MIRO:00000095 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTo gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTt gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000096 elevated GSTt level MIRO:00000096 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTt gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTu gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000097 elevated GSTu level MIRO:00000097 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTu gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTz gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000098 elevated GSTz level MIRO:00000098 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of GSTz gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. P450 mutation idomal_namespace MIRO:00000099 qualitatively changed P450 MIRO:00000099 Structural changes in P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide sequestration or metabolism. KL:KL Changed enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace P450 upregulation MIRO:00000100 P450 quantitatively changed MIRO:00000100 Changed enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in CYP3 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000101 structural change of product in CYP3 gene family MIRO:00000101 Structural changes in CYP3 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in CYP4 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000102 structural change of product in CYP4 gene family MIRO:00000102 Structural changes in CYP4 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in CYP6 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000103 structural change of product in CYP6 gene family MIRO:00000103 Structural changes in CYP6 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in CYP9 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000104 structural change of product in CYP9 gene family MIRO:00000104 Structural changes in CYP9 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in CYP12 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000105 structural change of product in CYP12 gene family MIRO:00000105 Structural changes in CYP12 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Structural changes in CYP15 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000106 structural change of product in CYP15 gene family MIRO:00000106 Structural changes in CYP15 P450 gene products resulting in more efficient insecticide detoxification. KL:KL Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP12 P450 gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000107 differential CYP12 level MIRO:00000107 Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP12 P450 gene products. KL:KL Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP15 P450 gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000108 differential CYP15 level MIRO:00000108 Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP15 P450 gene products. KL:KL Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP3 P450 gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000109 differential CYP3 level MIRO:00000109 Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP3 P450 gene products. KL:KL Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP4 P450 gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000110 differential CYP4 level MIRO:00000110 Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP4 P450 gene products. KL:KL Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP6 P450 gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000111 differential CYP6 level MIRO:00000111 Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP6 P450 gene products. KL:KL Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP9 P450 gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000112 differential CYP9 level MIRO:00000112 Modified enzymatic activity due to a mutation that modifies production of CYP9 P450 gene products. KL:KL Structural changes of the insecticide target sodium channel gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000113 modified sodium channel MIRO:00000113 Structural changes of the insecticide target sodium channel gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide. KL:KL Structural changes of the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000114 modified AChE MIRO:00000114 Structural changes of the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide. KL:KL Structural changes of the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000115 modified GABA receptor MIRO:00000115 Structural changes of the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product, which decreases its response to the insecticide. KL:KL Structurally modified protein in the insects' midgut that is no longer able to bind an insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000116 modified midgut receptor MIRO:00000116 Structurally modified protein in the insects' midgut that is no longer able to bind an insecticide. KL:KL Structural change of the insecticide target nAChR gene product resulting in decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000117 modified nicotinic receptor MIRO:00000117 Structural change of the insecticide target nAChR gene product resulting in decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Modified protease activity caused by a mutation, resulting in differential processing of bacterial pro-insecticides and, thus, reduced toxicity. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000118 modified midgut protease activity MIRO:00000118 Modified protease activity caused by a mutation, resulting in differential processing of bacterial pro-insecticides and, thus, reduced toxicity. KL:KL Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of AChE gene products. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000119 elevated AChE levels MIRO:00000119 Increased enzymatic activity due to a mutation that increases production of AChE gene products. KL:KL Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 119 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000120 AChE1 G119S MIRO:00000120 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 119 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide. PMID:15242706 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 331 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000121 AChE1 F331W MIRO:00000121 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 331 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide. PMID:15242706 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 290 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000122 AChE1 F290V MIRO:00000122 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 290 in the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase 1 gene product; this structural change leads to decreased response to the insecticide. PMID:15242706 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 296 in the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000123 Rdl A296G MIRO:00000123 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 296 in the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. PMID:15242706 Structural change in the insecticide target Cry gene products resulting in decreased response to insecticides. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000124 modified Cry MIRO:00000124 Structural change in the insecticide target Cry gene products resulting in decreased response to insecticides. KL:KL Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1014 (L-S) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000125 Kdr L1014S MIRO:00000125 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1014 (L-S) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. PMID:15242706 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1014 (L-S) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000126 Kdr L1014F MIRO:00000126 Resistance-associated point mutation of amino acid at position 1014 (L-S) in the insecticide target sodium channel gene product causing a structural change and decreased response to the insecticide. PMID:15242706 Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase gene product. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000127 AChE mediated resistance MIRO:00000127 Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target acetylcholinesterase gene product. KL:KL Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000128 GABA receptor mediated resistance MIRO:00000128 Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target GABA receptor gene product. KL:KL Target-site resistance due to the fact that the receptors in the insects' midgut that are responsible for binding an insecticide can no longer function properly due to a mutation in the corresponding gene. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000129 midgut receptor mediated resistance MIRO:00000129 Target-site resistance due to the fact that the receptors in the insects' midgut that are responsible for binding an insecticide can no longer function properly due to a mutation in the corresponding gene. KL:KL Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target nAChR gene product, resulting in decreased response to the insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000130 nicotinic receptor mediated resistance MIRO:00000130 Resistance due to mutation leading to structural or quantitative changes of the insecticide target nAChR gene product, resulting in decreased response to the insecticide. KL:KL Resistance due to mutation leading to structural changes of the insecticide target sodium channel gene product. idomal_namespace MIRO:00000131 sodium channel mediated resistance MIRO:00000131 Resistance due to mutation leading to structural changes of the insecticide target sodium channel gene product. KL:KL true MIRO:10000000 A chemical substance which inhibits chitin biosynthesis. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000001 chitin biosynthesis inhibitor MIRO:10000001 A chemical substance which inhibits chitin biosynthesis. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000002 true MIRO:10000003 true MIRO:10000004 true MIRO:10000005 true MIRO:10000006 true MIRO:10000007 true MIRO:10000008 true MIRO:10000009 true MIRO:10000010 true MIRO:10000011 true MIRO:10000012 true MIRO:10000013 true MIRO:10000014 true MIRO:10000015 true MIRO:10000016 true MIRO:10000017 true MIRO:10000018 true MIRO:10000019 true MIRO:10000020 true MIRO:10000021 true MIRO:10000022 true MIRO:10000023 true MIRO:10000024 true MIRO:10000025 true MIRO:10000026 true MIRO:10000027 true MIRO:10000028 true MIRO:10000029 A chemical substance which inhibits growth. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000030 growth inhibitor MIRO:10000030 A chemical substance which inhibits growth. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000031 true MIRO:10000032 true MIRO:10000033 true MIRO:10000034 true MIRO:10000035 true MIRO:10000036 true MIRO:10000037 true MIRO:10000038 true MIRO:10000039 true MIRO:10000040 true MIRO:10000041 true MIRO:10000042 true MIRO:10000043 true MIRO:10000044 true MIRO:10000045 true MIRO:10000046 true MIRO:10000047 true MIRO:10000048 true MIRO:10000049 true MIRO:10000050 true MIRO:10000051 true MIRO:10000052 true MIRO:10000053 true MIRO:10000054 true MIRO:10000055 true MIRO:10000056 true MIRO:10000057 true MIRO:10000058 true MIRO:10000059 true MIRO:10000060 true MIRO:10000061 true MIRO:10000062 true MIRO:10000063 true MIRO:10000064 true MIRO:10000065 true MIRO:10000066 true MIRO:10000067 true MIRO:10000068 true MIRO:10000069 true MIRO:10000070 true MIRO:10000071 true MIRO:10000072 true MIRO:10000073 true MIRO:10000074 true MIRO:10000075 true MIRO:10000076 true MIRO:10000077 true MIRO:10000078 true MIRO:10000079 true MIRO:10000080 true MIRO:10000081 true MIRO:10000082 true MIRO:10000083 true MIRO:10000084 true MIRO:10000085 true MIRO:10000086 true MIRO:10000087 true MIRO:10000088 true MIRO:10000089 true MIRO:10000090 true MIRO:10000091 true MIRO:10000092 true MIRO:10000093 true MIRO:10000094 true MIRO:10000095 true MIRO:10000096 true MIRO:10000097 true MIRO:10000098 true MIRO:10000099 true MIRO:10000100 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000101 moulting disruptor MIRO:10000101 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000102 true MIRO:10000103 true MIRO:10000104 true MIRO:10000105 true MIRO:10000106 true MIRO:10000107 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. CAS:7-(2-chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxy-3,5-dioxa-6-aza-4-phosphaoct-6-ene-8-nitrile4-sulfide IUPAC:O,O-diethyl2-chloro--cyanobenzylideneaminooxyphosphonothioate chlorphoxin idomal_namespace MIRO:10000108 chlorphoxim MIRO:10000108 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000109 fipronil / phenylpyrazole MIRO:10000109 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000110 true MIRO:10000111 true MIRO:10000112 true MIRO:10000113 true MIRO:10000114 true MIRO:10000115 true MIRO:10000116 true MIRO:10000117 true MIRO:10000118 true MIRO:10000119 true MIRO:10000120 true MIRO:10000121 true MIRO:10000122 true MIRO:10000123 true MIRO:10000124 true MIRO:10000125 true MIRO:10000126 true MIRO:10000127 true MIRO:10000128 true MIRO:10000129 true MIRO:10000130 true MIRO:10000131 true MIRO:10000132 true MIRO:10000133 true MIRO:10000134 true MIRO:10000135 true MIRO:10000136 true MIRO:10000137 true MIRO:10000138 true MIRO:10000139 true MIRO:10000140 true MIRO:10000141 true MIRO:10000142 true MIRO:10000143 true MIRO:10000144 true MIRO:10000145 true MIRO:10000146 true MIRO:10000147 true MIRO:10000148 true MIRO:10000149 true MIRO:10000150 true MIRO:10000151 true MIRO:10000152 true MIRO:10000153 true MIRO:10000154 true MIRO:10000155 true MIRO:10000156 true MIRO:10000157 true MIRO:10000158 A chemical substance which acts as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist/antagonist. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000159 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist/antagonist MIRO:10000159 A chemical substance which acts as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist/antagonist. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000160 true MIRO:10000161 true MIRO:10000162 true MIRO:10000163 true MIRO:10000164 true MIRO:10000165 true MIRO:10000166 true MIRO:10000167 true MIRO:10000168 The ingredient which is pharmaceutically active in a pesticide formulation. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000169 active insecticidal substance MIRO:10000169 The ingredient which is pharmaceutically active in a pesticide formulation. PT:PT true MIRO:10000170 true MIRO:10000171 true MIRO:10000172 true MIRO:10000173 A chemical substance which acts as allosteric agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000174 allosteric agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor MIRO:10000174 A chemical substance which acts as allosteric agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000175 A chemical substance which activates chloride channels. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000176 chloride channel activator MIRO:10000176 A chemical substance which activates chloride channels. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000177 true MIRO:10000178 true MIRO:10000179 true MIRO:10000180 true MIRO:10000181 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000183 juvenile hormone analogue MIRO:10000183 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000184 true MIRO:10000185 true MIRO:10000186 true MIRO:10000188 true MIRO:10000190 true MIRO:10000191 true MIRO:10000193 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000194 methyl bromide and other alkyl halides MIRO:10000194 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000196 true MIRO:10000198 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000206 growth inhibitor sensu acarea MIRO:10000206 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000208 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000209 malaoxon MIRO:10000209 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000210 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. chlorothion idomal_namespace MIRO:10000211 chlorthion MIRO:10000211 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000212 A chemical substance which disrupts insect midgut membranes. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000213 insect midgut membranes disruptor MIRO:10000213 A chemical substance which disrupts insect midgut membranes. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. Pantelis 2009-03-13T10:56:22Z Bt toxin idomal_namespace MIRO:10000214 Bacillus thuringiensis toxin MIRO:10000214 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. Bti idomal_namespace MIRO:10000215 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis toxin MIRO:10000215 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000217 Bacillus thuringiensis var. sphaericus toxin MIRO:10000217 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000219 Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai toxin MIRO:10000219 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000221 Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki toxin MIRO:10000221 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000223 Bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionensis toxin MIRO:10000223 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT A chemical substance which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. IRAC:eClassification disruption of ATP formation idomal_namespace MIRO:10000224 oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor MIRO:10000224 A chemical substance which inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000226 true MIRO:10000228 true MIRO:10000229 true MIRO:10000230 true MIRO:10000231 true MIRO:10000233 true MIRO:10000234 true MIRO:10000235 A chemical substance which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000236 uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation MIRO:10000236 A chemical substance which uncouples oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000237 true MIRO:10000238 true MIRO:10000241 true MIRO:10000242 true MIRO:10000243 true MIRO:10000244 true MIRO:10000245 true MIRO:10000246 true MIRO:10000247 true MIRO:10000248 true MIRO:10000249 true MIRO:10000250 true MIRO:10000251 true MIRO:10000252 true MIRO:10000254 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000255 moulting disruptor in Diptera MIRO:10000255 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000256 true MIRO:10000257 true MIRO:10000259 true MIRO:10000260 true MIRO:10000261 true MIRO:10000262 true MIRO:10000264 A chemical substance which acts as octopaminergic agonist. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000265 octopaminergic agonist MIRO:10000265 A chemical substance which acts as octopaminergic agonist. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000266 true MIRO:10000267 true MIRO:10000269 true MIRO:10000271 true MIRO:10000273 A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex I electron transport chain. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000274 mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitor MIRO:10000274 A chemical substance which inhibits mitochondrial complex I electron transport chain. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000275 true MIRO:10000276 true MIRO:10000277 true MIRO:10000278 true MIRO:10000279 true MIRO:10000280 true MIRO:10000281 true MIRO:10000282 true MIRO:10000283 A chemical substance which inhibits lipid synthesis. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000284 lipid synthesis inhibitor MIRO:10000284 A chemical substance which inhibits lipid synthesis. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000285 true MIRO:10000286 true MIRO:10000287 true MIRO:10000288 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. idomal_namespace MIRO:10000289 spirotetramat MIRO:10000289 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT true MIRO:10000290 true MIRO:10000292 true MIRO:10000294 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. IRAC:eClassification idomal_namespace MIRO:10000295 neuronal inhibitor MIRO:10000295 A chemical substance which is being used as insecticide. PT:PT IRAC:eClassification http://www.irac-online.org/eClassification/ true MIRO:10000296 true MIRO:10000297 true MIRO:10000298 true MIRO:10000306 true MIRO:10000307 true MIRO:10000310 true MIRO:10000312 true MIRO:10000314 true MIRO:10000316 A chromosome found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex. Topito 2014-04-10T20:57:13Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000066 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato nuclear chromosome MIRO:30000066 A chromosome found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex. PT:PT A chromosome found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries inversions. Topito 2014-04-10T21:04:00Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000067 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato inverted nuclear chromosome MIRO:30000067 A chromosome found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries inversions. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries inversions in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:07:05Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000068 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato inverted nuclear chromosome 2R MIRO:30000068 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries inversions in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries inversions in its left arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:10:11Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000069 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato inverted nuclear chromosome 2L MIRO:30000069 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries inversions in its left arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion a in its left arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:12:31Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000070 2La MIRO:30000070 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion a in its left arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion b in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000071 2Rb MIRO:30000071 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion b in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion c in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000072 2Rc MIRO:30000072 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion c in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion d in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000073 2Rd MIRO:30000073 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion d in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion j in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000074 2Rj MIRO:30000074 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion j in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion u in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000075 2Ru MIRO:30000075 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversion u in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions j and d in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000076 2Rjd MIRO:30000076 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions j and d in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions c and u in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000077 2Rcu MIRO:30000077 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions c and u in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions j, c and u in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000078 2Rjcu MIRO:30000078 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions j, c and u in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions b and d in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000079 2Rbd MIRO:30000079 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions b and d in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions j, b and d in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000080 2Rjbd MIRO:30000080 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions j, b and d in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions j and b in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000081 2Rjb MIRO:30000081 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions j and b in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions j, b, c and u in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000082 2Rjbcu MIRO:30000082 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions j, b, c and u in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions b, c and u in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000083 2Rbcu MIRO:30000083 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions b, c and u in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions b and c in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000084 2Rbc MIRO:30000084 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries both the inversions b and c in its right arm. PT:PT A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions b, c and d in its right arm. Topito 2014-04-10T21:16:21Z idomal_namespace MIRO:30000085 2Rbcd MIRO:30000085 A chromosome 2 found in the nucleus of the cells of the organisms which belong to Anopheles gambiae species complex which carries the inversions b, c and d in its right arm. PT:PT A genus of Anophelinae. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000000 genus Bironella MIRO:40000000 A genus of Anophelinae. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true MIRO:40000001 A species of subgenus Bironella. NCBITaxon:53566 idomal_namespace Bironella occulta Bironella walchi MIRO:40000002 Bironella gracilis MIRO:40000002 A species of subgenus Bironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Bironella occulta Walter_Reed:taxonomy Bironella walchi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Bironella. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000003 Bironella simmondsi MIRO:40000003 A species of subgenus Bironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true MIRO:40000004 A species of subgenus Brugella. NCBITaxon:59138 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000005 Bironella hollandi MIRO:40000005 A species of subgenus Brugella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A genus of Anophelinae. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000015 genus Anopheles MIRO:40000015 A genus of Anophelinae. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true MIRO:40000016 A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000017 Anopheles aberrans MIRO:40000017 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000018 Anopheles acaci MIRO:40000018 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000019 Anopheles ahomi MIRO:40000019 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:325439 idomal_namespace Anopheles pallida MIRO:40000020 Anopheles aitkenii MIRO:40000020 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pallida Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000021 Anopheles albotaeniatus MIRO:40000021 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:1411912 idomal_namespace Anopheles lukisii MIRO:40000022 Anopheles algeriensis MIRO:40000022 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lukisii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles tonkinensis MIRO:40000023 Anopheles alongensis MIRO:40000023 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tonkinensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000024 Anopheles anchietai MIRO:40000024 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles djajasanensis MIRO:40000025 Anopheles annandalei MIRO:40000025 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles djajasanensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000026 Anopheles annulipalpis MIRO:40000026 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:1387143 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000027 Anopheles apicimacula MIRO:40000027 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000028 Anopheles arboricola MIRO:40000028 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:1291063 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000029 Anopheles argyropus MIRO:40000029 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000030 Anopheles asiaticus MIRO:40000030 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000031 Anopheles atratipes MIRO:40000031 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North Eurasian & Mediterranean malaria vector. NCBITaxon:41427 idomal_namespace Anopheles cambournaci Anopheles fallax MIRO:40000032 Anopheles atroparvus MIRO:40000032 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North Eurasian & Mediterranean malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cambournaci Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles fallax Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:190376 idomal_namespace Anopheles ferruginosus MIRO:40000033 Anopheles atropos MIRO:40000033 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ferruginosus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Central American malaria vector. NCBITaxon:49915 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000034 Anopheles aztecus MIRO:40000034 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Central American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000035 Anopheles baezai MIRO:40000035 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:1245357 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000036 Anopheles baileyi MIRO:40000036 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000037 Anopheles balerensis MIRO:40000037 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector. NCBITaxon:59136 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000038 Anopheles bancroftii MIRO:40000038 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000039 Anopheles barbiventris var. MIRO:40000039 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles niger MIRO:40000040 Anopheles barberi MIRO:40000040 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles niger Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:112267 idomal_namespace Anopheles innominata Anopheles martini MIRO:40000041 Anopheles barbirostris MIRO:40000041 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles innominata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles martini Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:1137571 idomal_namespace Anopheles pallidus Anopheles pseudumbrosus MIRO:40000042 Anopheles barbumbrosus MIRO:40000042 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pallidus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pseudumbrosus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000043 Anopheles barianensis MIRO:40000043 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:210816 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000044 Anopheles beklemishevi MIRO:40000044 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:758765 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000045 Anopheles bengalensis MIRO:40000045 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000046 Anopheles borneensis MIRO:40000046 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:49917 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000047 Anopheles bradleyi MIRO:40000047 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000048 Anopheles brevipalpis MIRO:40000048 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000049 Anopheles brevirostris MIRO:40000049 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000050 Anopheles bulkleyi MIRO:40000050 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000051 Anopheles bustamentei MIRO:40000051 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. NCBITaxon:927784 idomal_namespace MIRO:40000052 Anopheles calderoni MIRO:40000052 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000053 Anopheles caliginosus MIRO:40000053 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000054 Anopheles campestris MIRO:40000054 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000055 Anopheles changfus MIRO:40000055 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000056 Anopheles chiriquiensis MIRO:40000056 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000057 Anopheles chodukini MIRO:40000057 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Mediterranean malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles amaurus Anopheles grisescens Anopheles habib Anopheles missiroli Anopheles pollutus Anopheles turkestani Anopheles villosus MIRO:40000058 Anopheles claviger MIRO:40000058 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Mediterranean malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles amaurus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles grisescens Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles habib Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles missiroli Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pollutus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles turkestani Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles villosus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000059 Anopheles colledgei MIRO:40000059 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000060 Anopheles collessi MIRO:40000060 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000061 Anopheles concolor MIRO:40000061 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000062 Anopheles corethroides MIRO:40000062 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles bonneorum MIRO:40000063 Anopheles costai MIRO:40000063 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bonneorum Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles mauritianus Anopheles similis MIRO:40000064 Anopheles coustani MIRO:40000064 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles mauritianus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles similis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000065 Anopheles crawfordi MIRO:40000065 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato found in South Africa. Topito 2014-04-10T11:59:26Z idomal_namespace MIRO:40000067 Anopheles amharicus MIRO:40000067 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato found in South Africa. ISSN:1175-5334 PT:PT true MIRO:40000070 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles albipes Anopheles bisignatus Anopheles cubensis Anopheles gorgasi Anopheles tarsimaculata Anopheles trisignatus MIRO:40000071 Anopheles albimanus MIRO:40000071 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albipes Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bisignatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cubensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles gorgasi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tarsimaculata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles trisignatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000072 Anopheles crucians MIRO:40000072 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles coustani MIRO:40000073 Anopheles crypticus MIRO:40000073 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles coustani Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000074 Anopheles cucphuongensis MIRO:40000074 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles culiciformis MIRO:40000075 Anopheles culiciformis MIRO:40000075 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles culiciformis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000076 Anopheles dazhaius MIRO:40000076 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000077 Anopheles diluvialis MIRO:40000077 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000078 Anopheles donaldi MIRO:40000078 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000079 Anopheles earlei MIRO:40000079 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles Variety: Anopheles geometricus Anopheles niveopalpis MIRO:40000080 Anopheles eiseni MIRO:40000080 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Variety: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles geometricus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles niveopalpis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000081 Anopheles geometricus MIRO:40000081 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000082 Anopheles ejercitoi MIRO:40000082 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000083 Anopheles engarensis MIRO:40000083 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000084 Anopheles evandroi MIRO:40000084 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000085 Anopheles fausti MIRO:40000085 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles holmbergi MIRO:40000086 Anopheles fluminensis MIRO:40000086 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles holmbergi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000087 Anopheles forattinii MIRO:40000087 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles stantoni Anopheles treacherii MIRO:40000088 Anopheles fragilis MIRO:40000088 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles stantoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles treacherii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles boydi Anopheles willardi MIRO:40000089 Anopheles franciscanus MIRO:40000089 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles boydi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles willardi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North American malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000090 Anopheles freeborni MIRO:40000090 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000091 Anopheles freyi MIRO:40000091 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000092 Anopheles fuscicolor MIRO:40000092 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000093 Anopheles gabaldoni MIRO:40000093 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000094 Anopheles georgianus MIRO:40000094 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000095 Anopheles gigas MIRO:40000095 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000096 Anopheles formosus MIRO:40000096 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000097 Anopheles simlensis MIRO:40000097 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000098 Anopheles refutans MIRO:40000098 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000099 Anopheles sumatrana MIRO:40000099 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000100 Anopheles danaubento MIRO:40000100 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000101 Anopheles oedjalikalah MIRO:40000101 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000102 Anopheles pantjarbatu MIRO:40000102 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000103 Anopheles crockeri MIRO:40000103 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000104 Anopheles grabhamii MIRO:40000104 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000105 Anopheles guarao MIRO:40000105 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles cricillium MIRO:40000106 Anopheles hectoris MIRO:40000106 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cricillium Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000107 Anopheles heiheensis MIRO:40000107 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000108 Anopheles hermsi MIRO:40000108 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000109 Anopheles hunteri MIRO:40000109 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles lerowi Anopheles mahmuti Anopheles marzinovski Anopheles mesopotamiae Anopheles pictus Anopheles popovi MIRO:40000110 Anopheles hyrcanus MIRO:40000110 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lerowi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles mahmuti Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles marzinovski Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles mesopotamiae Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pictus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles popovi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles henrardi MIRO:40000111 Anopheles implexus MIRO:40000111 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles henrardi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000112 Anopheles insulaeflorum MIRO:40000112 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000113 Anopheles intermedius MIRO:40000113 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000114 Anopheles inundatus MIRO:40000114 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000115 Anopheles judithae MIRO:40000115 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000116 Anopheles junlianensis MIRO:40000116 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000117 Anopheles kiangsuensis MIRO:40000117 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000118 Anopheles kweiyangensis MIRO:40000118 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000119 Anopheles kyondawensis MIRO:40000119 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Mediterranean malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles pergusae Anopheles sicaulti MIRO:40000120 Anopheles labranchiae MIRO:40000120 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Mediterranean malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pergusae Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles sicaulti Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Chinese malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles anthropophagus MIRO:40000121 Anopheles lesteri MIRO:40000121 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Chinese malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles anthropophagus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000122 Anopheles letifer MIRO:40000122 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles kunmingensis MIRO:40000123 Anopheles liangshanensis MIRO:40000123 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles kunmingensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles benguetensis Anopheles cameronensis Anopheles japonicus Anopheles maculata Anopheles pleccau MIRO:40000124 Anopheles lindesayi MIRO:40000124 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles benguetensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cameronensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles japonicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles maculata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pleccau Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000125 Anopheles pleccau MIRO:40000125 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000126 Anopheles cameronensis MIRO:40000126 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000127 Anopheles japonicus MIRO:40000127 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000128 Anopheles benguetensis MIRO:40000128 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles alexandraeschingarevi Anopheles basilii Anopheles typicus MIRO:40000129 Anopheles maculipennis MIRO:40000129 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles alexandraeschingarevi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles basilii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles typicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000130 Anopheles maculipes MIRO:40000130 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000131 Anopheles malefactor MIRO:40000131 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles conquensis Anopheles sogdianus MIRO:40000132 Anopheles marteri MIRO:40000132 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles conquensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles sogdianus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles elutior Anopheles relictus MIRO:40000133 Anopheles martinius MIRO:40000133 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles elutior Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles relictus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles amazonicus MIRO:40000134 Anopheles mattogrossensis MIRO:40000134 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles amazonicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000135 Anopheles maverlius MIRO:40000135 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles costalimai Anopheles limai Anopheles rockefelleri MIRO:40000136 Anopheles mediopunctatus MIRO:40000136 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles costalimai Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles limai Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles rockefelleri Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles subalpinus MIRO:40000137 Anopheles melanoon MIRO:40000137 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles subalpinus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000138 Anopheles mengalangensis MIRO:40000138 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor North Eurasian & Mediterranean malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000139 Anopheles messeae MIRO:40000139 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor North Eurasian & Mediterranean malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000140 Anopheles minor MIRO:40000140 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000141 Anopheles montanus MIRO:40000141 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000142 Anopheles namibiensis MIRO:40000142 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000143 Anopheles neomaculipalpus MIRO:40000143 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000144 Anopheles papuensis MIRO:40000144 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000145 Anopheles paraliae MIRO:40000145 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000146 Anopheles guatemalensis MIRO:40000146 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000147 Anopheles neghmei MIRO:40000147 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000148 Anopheles anomalophyllus MIRO:40000148 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000149 Anopheles antunesi MIRO:40000149 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles delta Anopheles deltaorinoquensis Anopheles emilianus Anopheles guarauno Anopheles guarujaensis MIRO:40000150 Anopheles aquasalis MIRO:40000150 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles delta Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles deltaorinoquensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles emilianus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles guarauno Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles guarujaensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor Central & South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles imperfectus Anopheles limai MIRO:40000151 Anopheles albitarsis MIRO:40000151 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor Central & South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles imperfectus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles limai Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles rooti MIRO:40000152 Anopheles argyritarsis MIRO:40000152 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles rooti Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000153 Anopheles benarrochi MIRO:40000153 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles pessoai MIRO:40000154 Anopheles braziliensis MIRO:40000154 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pessoai Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles paulistensis MIRO:40000155 Anopheles darlingi MIRO:40000155 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles paulistensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000156 Anopheles deaneorum MIRO:40000156 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000157 Anopheles dunhami MIRO:40000157 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace Anopheles Metcalfi Anopheles ayrozai Anopheles clarki Anopheles noroestensis MIRO:40000158 Anopheles evansae MIRO:40000158 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Metcalfi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ayrozai Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles clarki Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles noroestensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000159 Anopheles galvaoi MIRO:40000159 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000160 Anopheles ininii MIRO:40000160 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000161 Anopheles lanei MIRO:40000161 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace Anopheles guarani Anopheles nigra MIRO:40000162 Anopheles lutzii MIRO:40000162 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles guarani Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nigra Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace Anopheles domesticus MIRO:40000163 Anopheles marajoara MIRO:40000163 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles domesticus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000164 Anopheles nigritarsis MIRO:40000164 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles goeldii MIRO:40000165 Anopheles nuneztovari MIRO:40000165 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles goeldii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace Anopheles aquacaelestis MIRO:40000166 Anopheles oswaldoi MIRO:40000166 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles aquacaelestis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000167 Anopheles konderi MIRO:40000167 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000168 Anopheles parvus MIRO:40000168 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace Anopheles bigotii Anopheles chilensis Anopheles variegatus MIRO:40000169 Anopheles pictipennis MIRO:40000169 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bigotii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles chilensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles variegatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000170 Anopheles rangeli MIRO:40000170 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000171 Anopheles rondoni MIRO:40000171 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000172 Anopheles sanctielii MIRO:40000172 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000173 Anopheles sawyeri MIRO:40000173 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace Anopheles albertoi Anopheles arthuri Anopheles artigasi Anopheles lloydi Anopheles ramosi MIRO:40000174 Anopheles strodei MIRO:40000174 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albertoi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles arthuri Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles artigasi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lloydi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ramosi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles bachmanni Anopheles chagasi Anopheles cuyabensis Anopheles davisi Anopheles perezi MIRO:40000175 Anopheles triannulatus MIRO:40000175 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bachmanni Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles chagasi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cuyabensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles davisi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles perezi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000176 Anopheles trinkae MIRO:40000176 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true MIRO:40000177 A species of subgenus Stethomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000178 Anopheles acanthotorynus MIRO:40000178 A species of subgenus Stethomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Stethomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000179 Anopheles canorii MIRO:40000179 A species of subgenus Stethomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Stethomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000180 Anopheles kompi MIRO:40000180 A species of subgenus Stethomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Stethomyia. idomal_namespace Anopheles lineata MIRO:40000181 Anopheles nimbus MIRO:40000181 A species of subgenus Stethomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lineata Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Stethomyia. idomal_namespace Anopheles lewisi MIRO:40000182 Anopheles thomasi MIRO:40000182 A species of subgenus Stethomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lewisi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Brugella. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000193 Bironella obscura MIRO:40000193 A species of subgenus Brugella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Brugella. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000194 Bironella travestita MIRO:40000194 A species of subgenus Brugella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A subgenus of genus Bironella. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000195 Neobironella MIRO:40000195 A subgenus of genus Bironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Neobironella. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000196 Bironella confusa MIRO:40000196 A species of subgenus Neobironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Neobironella. idomal_namespace Bironella soesiloi MIRO:40000197 BIronella derooki MIRO:40000197 A species of subgenus Neobironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Bironella soesiloi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Neobironella. idomal_namespace Bironella brugi MIRO:40000198 Bironella papuae MIRO:40000198 A species of subgenus Neobironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Bironella brugi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto differentiated by defined chromosomal rearrengements. idomal_namespace MIRO:40000803 Anopheles gambiae chromosomal form MIRO:40000803 A form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto differentiated by defined chromosomal rearrengements. PMID:10645562 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002217 Cellia MIRO:40002217 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles albirostris Anopheles brahmacharii MIRO:40002218 Anopheles aconitus MIRO:40002218 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albirostris Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles brahmacharii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002219 Anopheles amictus MIRO:40002219 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles adiei Anopheles fuliginosus Anopheles jamesii Anopheles leucopus Anopheles lineata Anopheles nagpori MIRO:40002220 Anopheles annularis MIRO:40002220 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles adiei Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles fuliginosus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles jamesii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles leucopus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lineata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nagpori Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002221 Anopheles annulatus MIRO:40002221 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles derricki Anopheles mastersi Anopheles musivus Anopheles perplerus Anopheles persimilis MIRO:40002222 Anopheles annulipes MIRO:40002222 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles derricki Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles mastersi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles musivus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles perplerus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles persimilis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002223 Anopheles apoci MIRO:40002223 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles davidsoni MIRO:40002224 Anopheles arabiensis MIRO:40002224 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles davidsoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles pyretophoroides MIRO:40002225 Anopheles ardensis MIRO:40002225 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pyretophoroides Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles pseudosquomosa MIRO:40002226 Anopheles argenteolobatus MIRO:40002226 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pseudosquomosa Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002227 Anopheles aruni MIRO:40002227 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002228 Anopheles aurirostris MIRO:40002228 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002229 Anopheles austenii MIRO:40002229 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002230 Anopheles azaniae MIRO:40002230 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles deaconi MIRO:40002231 Anopheles azevedoi MIRO:40002231 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles deaconi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002232 Anopheles baisasi MIRO:40002232 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002233 Anopheles balabacensis MIRO:40002233 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002234 Anopheles barberellus MIRO:40002234 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002235 Anopheles berghei MIRO:40002235 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles gilroyi Anopheles masseguini Anopheles septentrionalis MIRO:40002236 Anopheles brohieri MIRO:40002236 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles gilroyi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles masseguini Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles septentrionalis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002237 Anopheles brucei MIRO:40002237 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002238 Anopheles brumpti MIRO:40002238 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002239 Anopheles brunnipes MIRO:40002239 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002240 Anopheles buxtoni MIRO:40002240 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002241 Anopheles bwambae MIRO:40002241 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002242 Anopheles cameroni MIRO:40002242 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002243 Anopheles carnevalei MIRO:40002243 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002244 Anopheles caroni MIRO:40002244 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002245 Anopheles carteri MIRO:40002245 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002246 Anopheles christyi MIRO:40002246 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002247 Anopheles cinctus MIRO:40002247 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles hispaniola Anopheles italicus Anopheles jehafi Anopheles myzomyifacies Anopheles rifenus MIRO:40002248 Anopheles cinereus MIRO:40002248 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hispaniola Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles italicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles jehafi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles myzomyifacies Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles rifenus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Mediterranean & Afro-Arabian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002249 Anopheles hispaniola MIRO:40002249 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Mediterranean & Afro-Arabian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002250 Anopheles clowi MIRO:40002250 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002251 Anopheles comorensis MIRO:40002251 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002252 Anopheles confusus MIRO:40002252 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002253 Anopheles cristatus MIRO:40002253 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002254 Anopheles cristipalpis MIRO:40002254 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles adenensis Anopheles indica Anopheles listoni Anopheles punjobensis MIRO:40002255 Anopheles culicifacies MIRO:40002255 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles adenensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles indica Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles listoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles punjobensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles entebbiensis MIRO:40002256 Anopheles cydippis MIRO:40002256 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles entebbiensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002257 Anopheles dancalicus MIRO:40002257 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002258 Anopheles daudi MIRO:40002258 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002259 Anopheles deemingi MIRO:40002259 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A genus of Anophelinae. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002260 genus Chagasia MIRO:40002260 A genus of Anophelinae. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true MIRO:40002261 A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002262 Anopheles demeilloni MIRO:40002262 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian & Indo-Chinese malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002263 Anopheles dirus MIRO:40002263 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian & Indo-Chinese malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002264 Anopheles dispar MIRO:40002264 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles melanocosta MIRO:40002265 Anopheles distinctus MIRO:40002265 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles melanocosta Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles gingeroi MIRO:40002266 Anopheles domicola MIRO:40002266 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles gingeroi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of genus Chagasia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002267 Chagasia bonneae MIRO:40002267 A species of genus Chagasia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002268 Anopheles dravidicus MIRO:40002268 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles wardi MIRO:40002269 Anopheles dthali MIRO:40002269 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles wardi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002270 Anopheles dualaensis MIRO:40002270 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002271 Anopheles dureni MIRO:40002271 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002272 Anopheles elegans MIRO:40002272 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002273 Anopheles erepens MIRO:40002273 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of genus Chagasia. idomal_namespace Chagasia maculata Chagasia neivae Chagasia stigmopteryr MIRO:40002274 Chagasia fajardi MIRO:40002274 A species of genus Chagasia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Chagasia maculata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Chagasia neivae Walter_Reed:taxonomy Chagasia stigmopteryr Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002275 Anopheles erythraeus MIRO:40002275 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002276 Anopheles ethiopicus MIRO:40002276 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles vanthieli MIRO:40002277 Anopheles faini MIRO:40002277 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles vanthieli Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles moluccensis MIRO:40002278 Anopheles farauti MIRO:40002278 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles moluccensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of genus Chagasia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002279 Chagasia rozeboomi MIRO:40002279 A species of genus Chagasia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002280 Anopheles filipinae MIRO:40002280 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40002281 Anopheles flavicosta MIRO:40002281 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles (cohesia) Anopheles merak MIRO:40002282 Anopheles flavirostris MIRO:40002282 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles (cohesia) Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles merak Walter_Reed:taxonomy A form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto differentiated by defined DNA polymorphisms. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003065 Anopheles gambiae molecular form MIRO:40003065 A form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto differentiated by defined DNA polymorphisms. PMID:11240632 A molecular form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, defined by the presence of a given haplotype of the rDNA intergenic spacer. Anopheles gambiae molecular form M M form idomal_namespace MIRO:40003235 Anopheles coluzzii MIRO:40003235 A molecular form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, defined by the presence of a given haplotype of the rDNA intergenic spacer. PMID:11240632 A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003398 Anopheles franciscoi MIRO:40003398 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003399 Anopheles hodgkini MIRO:40003399 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003400 Anopheles interruptus MIRO:40003400 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles edwardsi Anopheles hisaoe Anopheles punctibasis MIRO:40003401 Anopheles koreicus MIRO:40003401 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles edwardsi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hisaoe Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles punctibasis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles selengensis MIRO:40003402 Anopheles lewisi MIRO:40003402 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles selengensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003403 Anopheles manalangi MIRO:40003403 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Indo-Chinese & Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles bentleyi Anopheles indiensis Anopheles minutus Anopheles venhuisi Anopheles williamsoni MIRO:40003404 Anopheles nigerrimus MIRO:40003404 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Indo-Chinese & Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bentleyi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles indiensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles minutus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles venhuisi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles williamsoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003405 Anopheles nilgiricus MIRO:40003405 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003406 Anopheles nitidus MIRO:40003406 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003407 Anopheles noniae MIRO:40003407 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles nowlini Anopheles strachanii MIRO:40003408 Anopheles obscurus MIRO:40003408 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nowlini Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles strachanii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003409 Anopheles occidentalis MIRO:40003409 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003410 Anopheles okuensis MIRO:40003410 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003411 Anopheles omorii MIRO:40003411 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003412 Anopheles palmatus MIRO:40003412 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003413 Anopheles paludis MIRO:40003413 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003414 Anopheles parapunctipennis MIRO:40003414 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003415 Anopheles peditaeniatus MIRO:40003415 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003416 Anopheles perplexens MIRO:40003416 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles alagoanii Anopheles celidopus Anopheles lutzi MIRO:40003417 Anopheles peryassui MIRO:40003417 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles alagoanii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles celidopus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles lutzi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles portucaliensis MIRO:40003418 Anopheles petragnani MIRO:40003418 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles portucaliensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003419 Anopheles peytoni MIRO:40003419 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003420 Anopheles pilinotum MIRO:40003420 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003421 Anopheles pinjaurensis MIRO:40003421 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles corsicanus Anopheles intermedius Anopheles nigripes MIRO:40003422 Anopheles plumbeus MIRO:40003422 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles corsicanus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles intermedius Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nigripes Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003423 Anopheles pollicaris MIRO:40003423 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003424 Anopheles powderi MIRO:40003424 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003425 Anopheles powelli MIRO:40003425 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003426 Anopheles pseudobarbirostris MIRO:40003426 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003427 Anopheles pseudomaculipes MIRO:40003427 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003428 Anopheles pseudopictus MIRO:40003428 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles Variety: Anopheles argentinus Anopheles bifoliata Anopheles levicastilloi Anopheles neghmei Anopheles noei Anopheles patersoni Anopheles peruvianus Anopheles rivadeneirai Anopheles tucumanus MIRO:40003429 Anopheles pseudopunctipennis MIRO:40003429 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Variety: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles argentinus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bifoliata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles levicastilloi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles neghmei Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles noei Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles patersoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles peruvianus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles rivadeneirai Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tucumanus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003430 Anopheles levicastilloi MIRO:40003430 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003431 Anopheles rivadeneirai MIRO:40003431 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003432 Anopheles patersoni MIRO:40003432 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003433 Anopheles bifoliata MIRO:40003433 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003434 Anopheles noei MIRO:40003434 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003435 Anopheles pseudosinensis MIRO:40003435 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003436 Anopheles pseudostigmaticus MIRO:40003436 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles yatsushiroensis MIRO:40003437 Anopheles pullus MIRO:40003437 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles yatsushiroensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles strigimacula Anopheles venezuelae MIRO:40003438 Anopheles punctimacula MIRO:40003438 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Central & South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles strigimacula Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles venezuelae Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles hyemalis Anopheles stonei MIRO:40003439 Anopheles punctipennis MIRO:40003439 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hyemalis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles stonei Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003440 Anopheles pursati MIRO:40003440 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles annulimanus MIRO:40003441 Anopheles quadrimaculatus MIRO:40003441 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles annulimanus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003442 Anopheles rachoui MIRO:40003442 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003443 Anopheles reidi MIRO:40003443 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003444 Anopheles roperi MIRO:40003444 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North Eurasian & Mediterranean/Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles elutus MIRO:40003445 Anopheles sacharovi MIRO:40003445 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major North Eurasian & Mediterranean/Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles elutus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003446 Anopheles samarensis MIRO:40003446 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003447 Anopheles saperoi MIRO:40003447 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003448 Anopheles ohamai MIRO:40003448 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles snijdersi MIRO:40003449 Anopheles separatus MIRO:40003449 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles snijdersi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003450 Anopheles shannoni MIRO:40003450 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles similis MIRO:40003451 Anopheles similissimus MIRO:40003451 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles similis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Chinese malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles esoensis Anopheles plumiger MIRO:40003452 Anopheles sinensis MIRO:40003452 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a major Chinese malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles esoensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles plumiger Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003453 Anopheles sineroides MIRO:40003453 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003454 Anopheles sintoni MIRO:40003454 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003455 Anopheles sintonoides MIRO:40003455 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003456 Anopheles smaragdinus MIRO:40003456 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003457 Anopheles stigmaticus MIRO:40003457 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003458 Anopheles stricklandi MIRO:40003458 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003459 Anopheles symesi MIRO:40003459 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003460 Anopheles tasmaniensis MIRO:40003460 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles subtilis MIRO:40003461 Anopheles tenebrosus MIRO:40003461 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles subtilis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003462 Anopheles tibiamaculatus MIRO:40003462 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003463 Anopheles tigertti true MIRO:40003463 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace Anopheles novumbrosus MIRO:40003464 Anopheles umbrosus MIRO:40003464 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles novumbrosus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003465 Anopheles vanus MIRO:40003465 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003466 Anopheles veruslanei MIRO:40003466 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003467 Anopheles vestitipennis MIRO:40003467 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003468 Anopheles vietnamensis MIRO:40003468 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003469 Anopheles walkeri MIRO:40003469 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003470 Anopheles wellingtonianus MIRO:40003470 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003471 Anopheles whartoni MIRO:40003471 A species of subgenus Anopheles, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003472 Anopheles xiaokuanus MIRO:40003472 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003473 Anopheles xelajuensis MIRO:40003473 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003474 Anopheles ziemanni MIRO:40003474 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Indo-Chinese & Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles arabica Anopheles leptomeres Anopheles listonii MIRO:40003475 Anopheles fluviatilis MIRO:40003475 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Indo-Chinese & Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles arabica Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles leptomeres Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles listonii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003476 Anopheles fontinalis MIRO:40003476 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003477 Anopheles freetownensis MIRO:40003477 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species complex of subgenus Cellia. Anopheles funestus s.l. Anopheles funestus sl idomal_namespace Anopheles anisochloros Anopheles bisignata Anopheles hebes Anopheles imerinensis Anopheles kumasii Anopheles subumbrosa Anopheles umbrosa MIRO:40003478 Anopheles funestus sensu lato MIRO:40003478 A species complex of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles anisochloros Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bisignata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hebes Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles imerinensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles kumasii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles subumbrosa Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles umbrosa Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003479 Anopheles fuscivenosus MIRO:40003479 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species complex of subgenus Cellia. Anopheles gambiae s.l. Anopheles gambiae sl idomal_namespace Anopheles costalis Anopheles gracilis Anopheles minor Anopheles typicus MIRO:40003480 Anopheles gambiae sensu lato MIRO:40003480 A species complex of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles gambiae s.l. KL:KL Anopheles gambiae sl KL:KL Anopheles costalis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles gracilis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles minor Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles typicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles walshi MIRO:40003481 Anopheles garnhami MIRO:40003481 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles walshi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles kibena MIRO:40003482 Anopheles gibbinsi MIRO:40003482 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles kibena Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003483 Anopheles grassei MIRO:40003483 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003484 Anopheles greeni MIRO:40003484 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003485 Anopheles grenieri MIRO:40003485 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003486 Anopheles griveaudi MIRO:40003486 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003487 Anopheles hackeri MIRO:40003487 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003488 Anopheles hamoni MIRO:40003488 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003489 Anopheles hancocki MIRO:40003489 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003490 Anopheles hargreavesi MIRO:40003490 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003491 Anopheles harperi MIRO:40003491 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003492 Anopheles hervyi MIRO:40003492 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003493 Anopheles hilli MIRO:40003493 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003494 Anopheles hughi MIRO:40003494 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003495 Anopheles incognitus MIRO:40003495 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles II Anopheles formosaensis Anopheles malayensis Anopheles trimaculatus MIRO:40003496 Anopheles indefinitus MIRO:40003496 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles II Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles formosaensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles malayensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles trimaculatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003497 Anopheles introlatus MIRO:40003497 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003498 Anopheles jamesii MIRO:40003498 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003499 Anopheles jebudensis MIRO:40003499 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Asian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles candidiensis Anopheles jeyporensis Anopheles tonkinensis MIRO:40003500 Anopheles jeyporiensis MIRO:40003500 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Asian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles candidiensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles jeyporensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tonkinensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles nigrans MIRO:40003501 Anopheles karwari MIRO:40003501 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Australasian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nigrans Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003502 Anopheles keniensis MIRO:40003502 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003503 Anopheles kingi MIRO:40003503 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles flava Anopheles halli Anopheles ocellatus MIRO:40003504 Anopheles kochi MIRO:40003504 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles flava Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles halli Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ocellatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003505 Anopheles kolambuganensis MIRO:40003505 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003506 Anopheles koliensis MIRO:40003506 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003507 Anopheles kosiensis MIRO:40003507 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003508 Anopheles lacani MIRO:40003508 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003509 Anopheles leesoni MIRO:40003509 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003510 Anopheles letabensis MIRO:40003510 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003511 Anopheles leucosphyrus MIRO:40003511 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003512 Anopheles limosus MIRO:40003512 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003513 Anopheles listeri MIRO:40003513 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003514 Anopheles litoralis MIRO:40003514 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003515 Anopheles lloreti MIRO:40003515 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003516 Anopheles longipalpis MIRO:40003516 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003517 Anopheles longirostris MIRO:40003517 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003518 Anopheles lounibosi MIRO:40003518 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003519 Anopheles lovettae MIRO:40003519 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles Variety: Anopheles cabrerai Anopheles formosensis Anopheles hatorii Anopheles torakala MIRO:40003520 Anopheles ludlowae MIRO:40003520 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Variety: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cabrerai Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles formosensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hatorii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles torakala Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003521 Anopheles torakala MIRO:40003521 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003522 Anopheles lungae MIRO:40003522 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003523 Anopheles macarthuri MIRO:40003523 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003524 Anopheles machardyi MIRO:40003524 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles hanabusai MIRO:40003525 Anopheles maculatus MIRO:40003525 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hanabusai Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003526 Anopheles maculipalpis MIRO:40003526 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003527 Anopheles majidi MIRO:40003527 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003528 Anopheles maliensis MIRO:40003528 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles febrifera MIRO:40003529 Anopheles mangyanus MIRO:40003529 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles febrifera Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles pitchfordi Anopheles pseudocostalis Anopheles transvaalensis MIRO:40003530 Anopheles marshallii MIRO:40003530 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pitchfordi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pseudocostalis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles transvaalensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003531 Anopheles mascarensis MIRO:40003531 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003532 Anopheles melas MIRO:40003532 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003533 Anopheles meraukensis MIRO:40003533 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles litoralis Anopheles tangensis MIRO:40003534 Anopheles merus MIRO:40003534 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles litoralis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tangensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003535 Anopheles millecampsi MIRO:40003535 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003536 Anopheles milloti MIRO:40003536 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles I Anopheles alboapicalis Anopheles christophersi Anopheles cohaesa Anopheles formosaensis Anopheles vincenti MIRO:40003537 Anopheles minimus MIRO:40003537 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles I Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles alboapicalis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles christophersi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cohaesa Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles formosaensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles vincenti Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003538 Anopheles moghulensis MIRO:40003538 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003539 Anopheles mortiauxi MIRO:40003539 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003540 Anopheles moucheti MIRO:40003540 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003541 Anopheles nigeriensis MIRO:40003541 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003542 Anopheles bervoetsi MIRO:40003542 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003543 Anopheles mousinhoi MIRO:40003543 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles basilewskyi Anopheles puselis MIRO:40003544 Anopheles multicinctus MIRO:40003544 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles basilewskyi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles puselis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003545 Anopheles basilewskyi MIRO:40003545 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Afro-Arabian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles chaudoyei Anopheles impunctus Anopheles nigrifasciatus MIRO:40003546 Anopheles multicolor MIRO:40003546 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Afro-Arabian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles chaudoyei Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles impunctus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nigrifasciatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003547 Anopheles murphyi MIRO:40003547 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles aureosquamiger MIRO:40003548 Anopheles natalensis MIRO:40003548 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles aureosquamiger Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003549 Anopheles nataliae MIRO:40003549 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003550 Anopheles nemophilous MIRO:40003550 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles nigra Anopheles unicolor MIRO:40003551 Anopheles nili MIRO:40003551 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Afrotropical malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nigra Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles unicolor Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003552 Anopheles nivipes MIRO:40003552 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003553 Anopheles njombiensis MIRO:40003553 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003554 Anopheles notanandai MIRO:40003554 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003555 Anopheles notleyi MIRO:40003555 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles breinli MIRO:40003556 Anopheles novaguinensis MIRO:40003556 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles breinli Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles fowleri MIRO:40003557 Anopheles pallidus MIRO:40003557 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles fowleri Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003558 Anopheles paltrinieri MIRO:40003558 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003559 Anopheles pampanai MIRO:40003559 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003560 Anopheles parangensis MIRO:40003560 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003561 Anopheles parensis MIRO:40003561 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor North Eurasian & Chinese malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003562 Anopheles pattoni MIRO:40003562 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor North Eurasian & Chinese malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003563 Anopheles pauliani MIRO:40003563 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Afro-Arabian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles albofimbriatus Anopheles albus Anopheles bozasi Anopheles maculicosta MIRO:40003564 Anopheles pharoensis MIRO:40003564 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Afro-Arabian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albofimbriatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bozasi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles maculicosta Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian & Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles freerae Anopheles hainanensis Anopheles pampangensis MIRO:40003565 Anopheles philippinensis MIRO:40003565 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian & Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles freerae Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hainanensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pampangensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles tibani MIRO:40003566 Anopheles pretoriensis MIRO:40003566 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tibani Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles ramsayi MIRO:40003567 Anopheles pseudojamesi MIRO:40003567 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ramsayi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003568 Anopheles pseudowillmori MIRO:40003568 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003569 Anopheles pujutensis MIRO:40003569 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles atropotenae MIRO:40003570 Anopheles pulcherrimus MIRO:40003570 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles atropotenae Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003571 Anopheles punctulatus MIRO:40003571 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Australasian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003572 Anopheles quadriannulatus MIRO:40003572 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003573 Anopheles davidsoni MIRO:40003573 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003574 Anopheles radama MIRO:40003574 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003575 Anopheles ranci MIRO:40003575 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003576 Anopheles rageaui MIRO:40003576 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003577 Anopheles rennellensis MIRO:40003577 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles aegypti Anopheles dthalisimilis Anopheles rupicola MIRO:40003578 Anopheles rhodesiensis MIRO:40003578 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles aegypti Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles dthalisimilis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles rupicola Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003579 Anopheles rupicola MIRO:40003579 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003580 Anopheles riparis MIRO:40003580 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace Anopheles garnhamellus MIRO:40003581 Anopheles rivulorum MIRO:40003581 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles garnhamellus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003582 Anopheles rodhaini MIRO:40003582 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003583 Anopheles roubaudi MIRO:40003583 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003584 Anopheles ruarinus MIRO:40003584 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles broussesi Anopheles brucechwatti Anopheles ingrami Anopheles seneveti Anopheles watsoni MIRO:40003585 Anopheles rufipes MIRO:40003585 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles broussesi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles brucechwatti Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ingrami Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles seneveti Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles watsoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003586 Anopheles broussesi MIRO:40003586 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003587 Anopheles salbaii MIRO:40003587 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003588 Anopheles saungi MIRO:40003588 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003589 Anopheles sawadwongporni MIRO:40003589 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003590 Anopheles schueffneri MIRO:40003590 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles michaeli MIRO:40003591 Anopheles schwetzi MIRO:40003591 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles michaeli Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003592 Anopheles seretsei MIRO:40003592 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Afro-Arabian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles barkhuusi Anopheles macmahoni MIRO:40003593 Anopheles sergentii MIRO:40003593 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Afro-Arabian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles barkhuusi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles macmahoni Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003594 Anopheles macmahoni MIRO:40003594 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003595 Anopheles seydeli MIRO:40003595 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles cavernicola Anopheles pallidopalpi MIRO:40003596 Anopheles smithii MIRO:40003596 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cavernicola Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pallidopalpi Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003597 Anopheles solomonis MIRO:40003597 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003598 Anopheles somalicus MIRO:40003598 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles indiensis MIRO:40003599 Anopheles splendidus MIRO:40003599 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles indiensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles arnoldi Anopheles pretoriensis Anopheles tananariviensis MIRO:40003600 Anopheles squamosus MIRO:40003600 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles arnoldi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles pretoriensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles tananariviensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles folquei Anopheles intermedia Anopheles metaboles Anopheles mysorensis MIRO:40003601 Anopheles stephensi MIRO:40003601 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles folquei Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles intermedia Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles metaboles Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles mysorensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003602 Anopheles stookesi MIRO:40003602 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles error Anopheles rossii MIRO:40003603 Anopheles subpictus MIRO:40003603 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles error Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles rossii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003604 Anopheles sulawesi MIRO:40003604 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003605 Anopheles sundaicus MIRO:40003605 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Malaysian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Mediterranean & Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles atheniensis Anopheles berestnevi Anopheles cardamatisi Anopheles hellenicus Anopheles macedoniensis Anopheles nursei Anopheles palestinensis Anopheles vassilievii MIRO:40003606 Anopheles superpictus MIRO:40003606 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a major Mediterranean & Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles atheniensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles berestnevi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles cardamatisi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hellenicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles macedoniensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles nursei Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles palestinensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles vassilievii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003607 Anopheles swahilicus MIRO:40003607 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003608 Anopheles takasagoensis MIRO:40003608 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003609 Anopheles tchekedii MIRO:40003609 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles Variety: Anopheles ceylonica Anopheles deceptor Anopheles formosae Anopheles kalawara Anopheles kinoshitai Anopheles orientalis Anopheles taiwanensis Anopheles thorntonii MIRO:40003610 Anopheles tessellatus MIRO:40003610 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Variety: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ceylonica Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles deceptor Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles formosae Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles kalawara Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles kinoshitai Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles orientalis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles taiwanensis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles thorntonii Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003611 Anopheles orientalis MIRO:40003611 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003612 Anopheles kalawara MIRO:40003612 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles albipes MIRO:40003613 Anopheles theileri MIRO:40003613 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albipes Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003614 Anopheles theobaldi MIRO:40003614 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles Variety: Anopheles amutis Anopheles azriki Anopheles flaviceps Anopheles persicus Anopheles telamali MIRO:40003615 Anopheles turkhudi MIRO:40003615 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Variety: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles amutis Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles azriki Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles flaviceps Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles persicus Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles telamali Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003616 Anopheles telamali MIRO:40003616 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003617 Anopheles ungujae MIRO:40003617 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles albino Anopheles flava Anopheles flavescens Anopheles immaculata Anopheles immaculatus MIRO:40003618 Anopheles vagus MIRO:40003618 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles albino Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles flava Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles flavescens Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles immaculata Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles immaculatus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003619 Anopheles vaneedeni MIRO:40003619 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003620 Anopheles vanhoofi MIRO:40003620 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003621 Anopheles varuna MIRO:40003621 A species of subgenus Cellia, which acts as a minor Indo-Iranian malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003622 Anopheles vernus MIRO:40003622 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003623 Anopheles vinckei MIRO:40003623 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003624 Anopheles walravensi MIRO:40003624 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003625 Anopheles watsonii MIRO:40003625 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles Subspecies: Anopheles milesi Anopheles ugandae MIRO:40003626 Anopheles wellcomei MIRO:40003626 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Subspecies: Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles milesi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles ugandae Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003627 Anopheles ugandae MIRO:40003627 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace Anopheles dudgeonii Anopheles indica Anopheles maculosa MIRO:40003628 Anopheles willmori MIRO:40003628 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles dudgeonii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles indica Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles maculosa Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003629 Anopheles wilsoni MIRO:40003629 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true MIRO:40003630 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003631 Anopheles auyantepuiensis MIRO:40003631 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003632 Anopheles bambusicolus MIRO:40003632 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles bromelicola MIRO:40003633 Anopheles bellator MIRO:40003633 A species of subgenus Kerteszia, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles bromelicola Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003634 Anopheles boliviensis MIRO:40003634 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles Lutzii Anopheles adolphoi Anopheles montemor MIRO:40003635 Anopheles cruzii MIRO:40003635 A species of subgenus Kerteszia, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles Lutzii Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles adolphoi Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles montemor Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003636 Anopheles gonzalezrinconesi MIRO:40003636 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace Anopheles anoplus MIRO:40003637 Anopheles homunculus MIRO:40003637 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles anoplus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003638 Anopheles laneanus MIRO:40003638 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003639 Anopheles lepidotus MIRO:40003639 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. idomal_namespace Anopheles hylephilus MIRO:40003640 Anopheles neivai MIRO:40003640 A species of subgenus Kerteszia, which acts as a minor South American malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hylephilus Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003641 Anopheles pholidotus MIRO:40003641 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Kerteszia. idomal_namespace Anopheles hilli MIRO:40003642 Anopheles rollai MIRO:40003642 A species of subgenus Kerteszia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Anopheles hilli Walter_Reed:taxonomy A subgenus of genus Anopheles. MIRO:40003463 idomal_namespace MIRO:40003643 Lophopodomyia MIRO:40003643 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003644 Anopheles gilesi MIRO:40003644 A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003645 Anopheles gomezdelatorrei MIRO:40003645 A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003646 Anopheles oiketorakras MIRO:40003646 A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003647 Anopheles pseudotibiamaculatus MIRO:40003647 A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003648 Anopheles squamifemur MIRO:40003648 A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003649 Anopheles vargasi MIRO:40003649 A species of subgenus Lophopodomyia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003704 Anopheles persiensis MIRO:40003704 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003705 Anopheles nimpe MIRO:40003705 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003739 Anopheles hailarensis MIRO:40003739 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003748 Anopheles hinesorum MIRO:40003748 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003749 Anopheles torresiensis MIRO:40003749 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003751 Anopheles halophylus MIRO:40003751 A species of subgenus Nyssorhynchus. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003756 Anopheles eouzani MIRO:40003756 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003757 Anopheles irenicus MIRO:40003757 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Anopheles. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003766 Anopheles daciae MIRO:40003766 A species of subgenus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A species of subgenus Cellia. idomal_namespace MIRO:40003767 Anopheles ovengensis MIRO:40003767 A species of subgenus Cellia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. MIRO:40003836 Anopheles gambiae molecular form S Anopheles gambiae s.s. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto Anopheles gambiae ss idomal_namespace MIRO:40003829 Anopheles gambiae MIRO:40003829 A member species of the species complex Anopheles gambiae sensu lato. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto or Anopheles coluzzii bearing the karyotypes jcu/jcu or jbcu/jcu or jbcu/jbcu. Anopheles gambiae s.s. chromosomal form Bamako idomal_namespace MIRO:40003830 chromosomal form Bamako MIRO:40003830 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto or Anopheles coluzzii bearing the karyotypes jcu/jcu or jbcu/jcu or jbcu/jbcu. PMID:10645562 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto or Anopheles coluzzii bearing the karyotypes +/+ or u/+ or u/u or bc/+ or bc/u or bc/bc. idomal_namespace Anopheles gambiae s.s. chromosomal form Mopti MIRO:40003831 chromosomal form Mopti MIRO:40003831 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto or Anopheles coluzzii bearing the karyotypes +/+ or u/+ or u/u or bc/+ or bc/u or bc/bc. PMID:10645562 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto or Anopheles coluzzii bearing the karyotype bcu/bcu or cu/bcu or cu/cu or b/bcu or b/cu or b/b or +/bcu or +/cu or +/b. idomal_namespace Anopheles gambiae s.s. chromosomal form Savanna MIRO:40003832 chromosomal form Savanna MIRO:40003832 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto or Anopheles coluzzii bearing the karyotype bcu/bcu or cu/bcu or cu/cu or b/bcu or b/cu or b/b or +/bcu or +/cu or +/b. PMID:10645562 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. idomal_namespace Anopheles gambiae s.s. chromosomal form Forest MIRO:40003833 chromosomal form Forest MIRO:40003833 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. PMID:10645562 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector. Anopheles funestus s.s. Anopheles funestus sensu stricto Anopheles funestus ss idomal_namespace MIRO:40003834 Anopheles funestus MIRO:40003834 A member species of the species complex Anopheles funestus sensu lato, which acts as a major Afrotropical malaria vector. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. idomal_namespace Anopheles gambiae s.s. chromosomal form Bissau MIRO:40003835 chromosomal form Bissau MIRO:40003835 A chromosomal form of Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto. PMID:10645562 true MIRO:40003836 true MOSBP:0000237 true NCBITaxon:112267 true NCBITaxon:1137571 true NCBITaxon:1245357 true NCBITaxon:1291063 true NCBITaxon:1387143 A species of genus Chagasia. MIRO:40002261 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:139052 Chagasia bathana NCBITaxon:139052 A species of genus Chagasia. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true NCBITaxon:1411912 Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a pesticide. louis 2009-06-30T02:49:02Z IDOMAL:0000362 Bt idomal_namespace Bacillus cereus var. thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensi NCBITaxon:1428 Bacillus thuringiensis NCBITaxon:1428 Bacillus thuringiensis (or Bt) is a Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacterium, commonly used as a pesticide. Wikipedia:Bacillusthurigensis true NCBITaxon:190376 A unicellular prokaryotic microorganism. 2009-06-30T02:46:36Z IDOMAL:0000076 eubacteria idomal_namespace Monera Procaryotae Prokaryota not Bacteria Haeckel 1894 prokaryotes NCBITaxon:2 bacteria NCBITaxon:2 A unicellular prokaryotic microorganism. KL:KL true NCBITaxon:210816 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. MIRO:40000177 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:273456 Stethomyia NCBITaxon:273456 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy The Phaeophyceae or brown algae, (singular: alga) is a large group of mostly marine multicellular algae, including many seaweeds of colder Northern Hemisphere waters. louis 2009-06-30T03:00:29Z IDOMAL:0000541 idomal_namespace Chromophycota Fucophyceae Phaephyta algae brown alga NCBITaxon:2870 Phaeophyceae NCBITaxon:2870 The Phaeophyceae or brown algae, (singular: alga) is a large group of mostly marine multicellular algae, including many seaweeds of colder Northern Hemisphere waters. Wikipedia:brownalgae true NCBITaxon:325439 true NCBITaxon:41427 A genus comprising a large number of mosquitoes. Administrator 2008-06-23T07:43:10Z IDOMAL:0000600 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:43816 anophelinae NCBITaxon:43816 A genus comprising a large number of mosquitoes. KL:KL A subgenus of genus Anopheles. MIRO:40000070 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:44543 Nyssorhynchus NCBITaxon:44543 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A fungus is an eukaryotic organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi. louis 2009-06-30T02:46:36Z IDOMAL:0000077 fungus idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:4751 fungi NCBITaxon:4751 A fungus is an eukaryotic organism that is a member of the kingdom Fungi. KL:KL A genus of mold-like brown algae. louis 2009-06-30T02:56:29Z IDOMAL:0000540 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:4802 Lagenidium NCBITaxon:4802 A genus of mold-like brown algae. KL:KL true NCBITaxon:49915 true NCBITaxon:49917 Insects (Class Insecta) are arthropods, having a hard exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:54:35Z IDOMAL:0000565 insect true insects idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:50557 insecta NCBITaxon:50557 Insects (Class Insecta) are arthropods, having a hard exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and two antennae. Wikipedia:Insect A subgenus of genus Bironella. MIRO:40000001 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:53562 Bironella NCBITaxon:53562 A subgenus of genus Bironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy A subgenus of genus Bironella. MIRO:40000004 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:53564 Brugella NCBITaxon:53564 A subgenus of genus Bironella. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true NCBITaxon:53566 true NCBITaxon:59136 true NCBITaxon:59138 Arthropods are invertebrate animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda that have an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed attachments called appendages. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:54:24Z IDOMAL:0000564 arthropds arthropod idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:6656 arthropoda NCBITaxon:6656 Arthropods are invertebrate animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda that have an exoskeleton (external skeleton), a segmented body, and jointed attachments called appendages. KL:KL A subgenus of genus Anopheles. MIRO:40003630 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:68877 Kerteszia NCBITaxon:68877 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy Insects, members of the order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron = wing), possessing a single pair of wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax. Administrator 2008-06-23T08:54:48Z IDOMAL:0000566 flies True flies idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:7147 diptera NCBITaxon:7147 Insects, members of the order Diptera (Greek: di = two, and pteron = wing), possessing a single pair of wings on the mesothorax and a pair of halteres, derived from the hind wings, on the metathorax. KL:KL Nematocera are generally primitive flies, typically recognized by filamentous, multi-segmented antennae which may be plumose in some males. Administrator 2008-06-23T07:42:19Z IDOMAL:0000598 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:7148 nematocera NCBITaxon:7148 Nematocera are generally primitive flies, typically recognized by filamentous, multi-segmented antennae which may be plumose in some males. Wikipedia:Nematocera A family of insects found around the world comprising all mosquitoes. Administrator 2008-06-23T07:42:34Z IDOMAL:0000599 mosquitos idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:7157 culicidae NCBITaxon:7157 A family of insects found around the world comprising all mosquitoes. KL:KL A subgenus of genus Anopheles. MIRO:40000016 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:7164 Anopheles NCBITaxon:7164 A subgenus of genus Anopheles. Walter_Reed:taxonomy true NCBITaxon:758765 Any member of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with backbones or spinal columns. louis 2009-06-09T01:22:06Z IDOMAL:0001274 idomal_namespace NCBITaxon:7742 Vertebrata NCBITaxon:7742 Any member of the subphylum Vertebrata, chordates with backbones or spinal columns. KL:KL true NCBITaxon:927784 A role borne by a molecular entity and is realized in a process of absorption by an organism alters, or effects (or is assumed to effect) a function(s) which inhere in an organism. louis 2008-01-24T03:10:00Z IDOMAL:0000203 idomal_namespace OBI:0000040 drug role OBI:0000040 A role borne by a molecular entity and is realized in a process of absorption by an organism alters, or effects (or is assumed to effect) a function(s) which inhere in an organism. OBI:0000040 true OBI:0000181 A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time. 2009-06-03T12:06:07Z IDOMAL:0001179 idomal_namespace OBI:0000967 container OBI:0000967 A device that can be used to restrict the location of material entities over time. OBI:0000967 A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. 2010-04-09T01:45:47Z IDOMAL:0000640 idomal_namespace OBI:0100026 organism OBI:0100026 A material entity that is an individual living system, such as animal, plant, bacteria or virus, that is capable of replicating or reproducing, growth and maintenance in the right environment. An organism may be unicellular or made up, like humans, of many billions of cells divided into specialized tissues and organs. OBI:0100026 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. Topito 2013-05-28T14:32:14Z PATO:0000047 idomal_namespace PATO:0000047 biological sex PATO:0000047 An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ability to undergo sexual reproduction in order to differentiate the individuals or types involved. PATO:0000047 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. Topito 2013-05-28T14:34:52Z PATO:0000383 idomal_namespace PATO:0000383 female PATO:0000383 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population that only produces gametes that can be fertilised by male gametes. PATO:0000383 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. Topito 2013-05-28T14:34:52Z PATO:0000384 idomal_namespace PATO:0000384 male PATO:0000384 A biological sex quality inhering in an individual or a population whose sex organs contain only male gametes. PATO:0000384 A leukocyte granule-associated proteinase that is a translation product of the human GZMB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. guest 2009-11-23T06:49:24Z IDOMAL:0000618 C11 CTLA-1 CTSGL1 GZMB SECT T-cell serine protease 1-3E cathepsin G-like 1 fragmentin-2 granzyme 2 granzyme 2, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 1 granzyme-2 human lymphocyte protease lymphocyte protease idomal_namespace PR:000003499 granzyme B PR:000003499 A leukocyte granule-associated proteinase that is a translation product of the human GZMB gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. PR:000003499 Delirium is an acute and relatively sudden (developing over hours to days) decline in attention-focus, perception, and cognition. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:00:31Z IDOMAL:0000513 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000021 delirium SYMP:0000021 Delirium is an acute and relatively sudden (developing over hours to days) decline in attention-focus, perception, and cognition. Wikipedia:delirium Total exhaustion or weakness, often including collapse. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:57:17Z IDOMAL:0000510 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000116 prostration SYMP:0000116 Total exhaustion or weakness, often including collapse. KL:KL true SYMP:0000188 Anaemia is a decrease in normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:30:56Z IDOMAL:0000522 anemia idomal_namespace SYMP:0000208 anaemia SYMP:0000208 Anaemia is a decrease in normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. KL:KL Malfunction of the liver. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:32:57Z IDOMAL:0000527 hepatic disfunction hepatic malfunction idomal_namespace SYMP:0000296 hepatic dysfunction SYMP:0000296 Malfunction of the liver. KL:KL Nausea is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:48:45Z IDOMAL:0000496 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000458 nausea SYMP:0000458 Nausea is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit. Wikipedia:nausea A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease. SyOID:14974 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000462 symptom SYMP:0000462 A symptom is a perceived change in function, sensation, loss, disturbance or appearance reported by a patient indicative of a disease. SO:ls In medicine a headache is a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and sometimes neck. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:47:55Z IDOMAL:0000493 Cephalalgia idomal_namespace SYMP:0000504 headache SYMP:0000504 In medicine a headache is a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and sometimes neck. KL:KL Anorexia is the symptom of poor appetite whatever the cause. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:48:36Z IDOMAL:0000495 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000523 anorexia SYMP:0000523 Anorexia is the symptom of poor appetite whatever the cause. Wikipedia:Wikipedia A palpitation is an abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:56:35Z IDOMAL:0000508 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000530 palpitation SYMP:0000530 A palpitation is an abnormal awareness of the beating of the heart, whether it is too slow, too fast, irregular, or at its normal frequency. KL:KL Enlargement of the spleen. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:01:50Z IDOMAL:0000514 splenomegalia splenomegaly idomal_namespace SYMP:0000531 splenic enlargement SYMP:0000531 Enlargement of the spleen. KL:KL A febrile is a convulsion triggered by a rise in body temperature. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:54:24Z IDOMAL:0000505 febrile seizure idomal_namespace SYMP:0000595 febrile convulsions SYMP:0000595 A febrile is a convulsion triggered by a rise in body temperature. KL:KL A coma is a profound state of unconsciousness. louis 2009-06-29T03:02:07Z IDOMAL:0001289 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000605 coma SYMP:0000605 A coma is a profound state of unconsciousness. Wikipedia:coma Dizziness refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:48:14Z IDOMAL:0000494 vertigo idomal_namespace SYMP:0000610 dizziness SYMP:0000610 Dizziness refers to an impairment in spatial perception and stability. Wikipedia:dizziness Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:03:57Z IDOMAL:0000516 pyrexia febrile response idomal_namespace SYMP:0000613 fever SYMP:0000613 Fever is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. KL:KL Tachypnoea is a respiratory system and chest symptom characterized by an increased rate of respiration. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:56:51Z IDOMAL:0000509 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000683 tachypnoea SYMP:0000683 Tachypnoea is a respiratory system and chest symptom characterized by an increased rate of respiration. KL:KL The inability of the kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under normal loading, or inability to retain electrolytes when intake is normal. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:32:48Z IDOMAL:0000526 kidney failure idomal_namespace SYMP:0000731 renal failure SYMP:0000731 The inability of the kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels under normal loading, or inability to retain electrolytes when intake is normal. KL:KL Exceptionally high fever. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:31:44Z IDOMAL:0000523 idomal_namespace SYMP:0000886 hyperpyrexia SYMP:0000886 Exceptionally high fever. KL:KL Vomiting (known medically as emesis and informally as throwing up and a number of other terms) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:48:52Z IDOMAL:0000497 idomal_namespace SYMP:0019145 vomiting SYMP:0019145 Vomiting (known medically as emesis and informally as throwing up and a number of other terms) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. Wikipedia:vomiting Swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. Administrator 2008-06-22T10:33:52Z IDOMAL:0000529 pulmonary edema idomal_namespace SYMP:0019151 pulmonary oedema SYMP:0019151 Swelling and/or fluid accumulation in the lungs. KL:KL A skin and integumentary tissue symptom characterized as the excretion of moisture in visible quantities through the opening of the sweat glands. Administrator 2008-06-22T09:04:20Z IDOMAL:0000517 Perspire idomal_namespace SYMP:0019175 sweating SYMP:0019175 A skin and integumentary tissue symptom characterized as the excretion of moisture in visible quantities through the opening of the sweat glands. KL:KL Malaise is a "general feeling of being unwell". Administrator 2008-06-22T08:46:43Z IDOMAL:0000490 idomal_namespace SYMP:0019176 malaise SYMP:0019176 Malaise is a "general feeling of being unwell". KL:KL Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. Administrator 2008-06-22T08:47:02Z IDOMAL:0000491 idomal_namespace SYMP:0019177 fatigue SYMP:0019177 Physical fatigue is the inability to continue functioning at the level of one's normal abilities. Wikipedia:fatigue Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues. portion of blood vertebrate blood idomal_namespace whole blood UBERON:0000179 blood UBERON:0000179 Circulating body substance which consists of blood plasma and hemoglobin-carrying red blood cells. Excludes blood analogues. UBERON:0000179 A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine. 2008-05-16T11:20:13Z IDOMAL:0000262 idomal_namespace VO:0000001 vaccine VO:0000001 A vaccine is a processed material with the function that when administered, it prevents or ameliorates a disorder in a target organism by inducing or modifying adaptive immune responses specific to the antigens in the vaccine. VO:0000001 A vaccine component that is chemical substance added to vaccine and enhance and direct immune response to protective antigen. Many of vaccine adjuvants cause a range of serious side-effects. Ioana 2009-12-17T03:46:48Z IDOMAL:0000136 idomal_namespace VO:0000580 vaccine adjuvant VO:0000580 A vaccine component that is chemical substance added to vaccine and enhance and direct immune response to protective antigen. Many of vaccine adjuvants cause a range of serious side-effects. VO:0000580 Topito 2013-05-28T10:28:58Z idomal_namespace bfo:Entity entity bfo:Entity An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. Topito 2013-05-28T10:29:54Z idomal_namespace endurant snap:Continuant Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts. continuant snap:Continuant A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. Topito 2013-05-28T10:31:09Z idomal_namespace snap:DependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is either dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers or inheres in or is borne by other entities. dependent continuant snap:DependentContinuant A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. Pantelis 2008-12-22T08:44:20Z IDOMAL:0001050 idomal_namespace snap:Disposition Examples: the disposition of vegetables to decay when not refrigerated, the disposition of a vase to brake if dropped, the disposition of blood to coagulate, the disposition of a patient with a weakened immune system to contract disease, the disposition of metal to conduct electricity. disposition snap:Disposition A realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] that essentially causes a specific process or transformation in the object [snap:Object] in which it inheres, under specific circumstances and in conjunction with the laws of nature. A general formula for dispositions is: X (object [snap:Object] has the disposition D to (transform, initiate a process) R under conditions C. BFO:SNAP A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. Topito 2013-05-28T10:40:52Z idomal_namespace fiat substance part snap:FiatObjectPart Definition: A material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] that is part of an object [snap:Object] but is not demarcated by any physical discontinuities. fiat object part snap:FiatObjectPart A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. idomal_namespace snap:GenericallyDependentContinuant generically dependent continuant snap:GenericallyDependentContinuant A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is dependent on one or other independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] bearers. For every instance of A requires some instance of (an independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] type) B but which instance of B serves can change from time to time. BFO:BFO A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. Topito 2013-05-28T10:31:09Z idomal_namespace substantial entity snap:IndependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is a bearer of quality [snap:Quality] and realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything. independent continuant snap:IndependentContinuant An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. Topito 2013-05-28T10:39:23Z idomal_namespace snap:MaterialEntity Definition: An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. Note: Material entity [snap:MaterialEntity] subsumes object [snap:Object], fiat object part [snap:FiatObjectPart], and object aggregate [snap:ObjectAggregate], which assume a three level theory of granularity, which is inadequate for some domains, such as biology. material entity snap:MaterialEntity A independent continuant entity that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps), and possesses an internal unity; the identity of substantial objects is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time and through loss and gain of parts and qualities. IDOMAL:0000003 snap:Object idomal_namespace substance snap:Object object snap:Object A independent continuant entity that is spatially extended, maximally self-connected and self-contained (the parts of a substance are not separated from each other by spatial gaps), and possesses an internal unity; the identity of substantial objects is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time and through loss and gain of parts and qualities. BFO:SNAP A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate objects. Pantelis 2008-08-08T12:45:08Z IDOMAL:0000611 idomal_namespace substance aggregate snap:ObjectAggregate object aggregate snap:ObjectAggregate A independent continuant entity that is a mereological sum of separate objects. BFO:SNAP An independent continuant [snap:IndependentContinuant] that is a lower dimensional part of a spatial entity, normally a closed two-dimensional surface. Boundaries are those privileged parts of object [snap:Object] entities that exist at exactly the point where the object [snap:Object] is separated off from the rest of the existing entities in the world. Topito 2013-05-28T10:39:23Z idomal_namespace substance boundary snap:ObjectBoundary Comment: Boundaries are theoretically difficult entities to account for, however the intuitive notion of a physical boundary as a surface of some sort (whether inside or outside of a thing) will generally serve as a good guide for the use of this universal. object boundary snap:ObjectBoundary true snap:Quality A specifically dependent continuant [snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant] that inheres in continuant [snap:Continuant] entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. Topito 2013-05-28T10:32:14Z idomal_namespace snap:RealizableEntity Comment: If a realizable entity [snap:RealizableEntity] inheres in a continuant [snap:Continuant], this does not imply that it is actually realized. realizable entity snap:RealizableEntity A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant entity in virtue of the kind of thing that it is, but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant entity in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. IDOMAL:0000001 snap:Role idomal_namespace snap:Role role snap:Role A realizable entity the manifestation of which brings about some result or end that is not essential to a continuant entity in virtue of the kind of thing that it is, but that can be served or participated in by that kind of continuant entity in some kinds of natural, social or institutional contexts. BFO:SNAP A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities. Pantelis 2010-06-24T12:24:11Z IDOMAL:0000399 snap:SpatialRegion idomal_namespace snap:SpatialRegion Comment: All instances of continuant [snap:Continuant] are spatial entities, that is, they enter in the relation of (spatial) location with spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] entities. As a particular case, the exact spatial location of a spatial region [snap:SpatialRegion] is this region itself. spatial region snap:SpatialRegion A continuant [snap:Continuant] that is neither bearer of quality [snap:Quality] entities nor inheres in any other entities. snap:SpatialRegion A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. Topito 2013-05-28T10:31:28Z idomal_namespace mode property trope snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant Definition: A continuant [snap:Continuant] that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same. specifically dependent continuant snap:SpecificallyDependentContinuant A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. Topito 2013-05-28T10:46:11Z idomal_namespace span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has temporal and spatial dimensions such that all points within the spatiotemporal region are mediately or immediately connected to all other points within the same spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion]. connected spatiotemporal region span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. Topito 2013-05-28T10:42:58Z idomal_namespace span:ConnectedTemporalRegion Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. connected temporal region span:ConnectedTemporalRegion An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants. Topito 2013-05-28T10:29:54Z idomal_namespace perdurant span:Occurrent Definition: An entity [bfo:Entity] that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time. Sometimes also called perdurants. occurent span:Occurrent A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatio-temporal whole, and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. IDOMAL:0000000 idomal_namespace span:Process process span:Process A processual entity that is a maximally connected spatio-temporal whole, and has bona fide beginnings and endings corresponding to real discontinuities. BFO:SPAN An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. Topito 2013-05-28T10:47:24Z idomal_namespace span:ProcessualEntity Definition: An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that exists in time by occurring or happening, has temporal parts and always involves and depends on some entity. processual entity span:ProcessualEntity A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which. Topito 2013-05-28T10:46:11Z idomal_namespace span:ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion Definition: A spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] that has spatial and temporal dimensions and every spatial and temporal point of which is not connected with every other spatial and temporal point of which. scattered spatiotemporal region span:ScatteredSpatiotemporalRegion A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. Topito 2013-05-28T10:42:58Z idomal_namespace span:ScatteredTemporalRegion Definition: A temporal region [span:TemporalRegion] every point of which is not mediately or immediately connected with every other point of which. scattered temporal region span:ScatteredTemporalRegion A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] at a specific moment. Topito 2013-05-28T10:46:40Z idomal_namespace span:SpatiotemporalInstant Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] at a specific moment. spatiotemporal instant span:SpatiotemporalInstant A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time. Topito 2013-05-28T10:46:40Z idomal_namespace span:SpatiotemporalInterval Definition: A connected spatiotemporal region [span:ConnectedSpatiotemporalRegion] that endures for more than a single moment of time. spatiotemporal interval span:SpatiotemporalInterval Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities. Pantelis 2009-07-19T11:01:44Z IDOMAL:0002001 idomal_namespace span:SpatiotemporalRegion spatiotemporal region span:SpatiotemporalRegion Spacetime and spatiotemporal region [span:SpatiotemporalRegion] entities are entities in their own rights which exist independently of any entities which can be located at them. This view of spacetime can be called "absolutist" or "the container view". In BFO, the class processual context [span:ProcessualContext] allows for a so-called relational view of spacetime, that is to say, a view according to which spatiotemporality is a matter of relative location between entities and not a matter of being tied to spacetime. In BFO, the bridge between these two views is secured through the fact that instances of processual context [span:ProcessualContext] are too spatiotemporal entities. SPAN:spatiotemporalregion A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time. Topito 2013-05-28T10:43:21Z idomal_namespace span:TemporalInstant Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] comprising a single moment of time. temporal instant span:TemporalInstant A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time. Topito 2013-05-28T10:43:21Z idomal_namespace span:TemporalInterval Definition: A connected temporal region [span:ConnectedTemporalRegion] lasting for more than a single moment of time. temporal interval span:TemporalInterval An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time. louis 2009-06-30T01:14:07Z IDOMAL:000092 idomal_namespace span:TemporalRegion temporal region span:TemporalRegion An occurrent [span:Occurrent] that is part of time. SPAN:temporalregion 1.3.9 Relation between a process and a function, where the unfolding of the process requires the execution of the function. Class level: P realizes F iff: given any p that instantiates P, there exists some f, t such that f instantiates F at t and p *realizes* f. Here, *realizes* is the primitive instance level relation. Pantelis 2009-07-12T09:05:59Z OBO_REL:0000034 has_function_part is_realization_of idomal_namespace executes involves_execution_of realizes realizes The process of 'histidine catabolism' (GO:0006548) realizes the function 'histidine ammonia lyase activity' (GO:0004397) (note: here 'activity' denotes a function and not a process). We leave open the possibility of defining in future the sub-relations directly_realizes (as bewteen a function and it's functioning) and indirectly_realizes. NOTE: there appears to be some consistency in usage as to whether processes or continuants realize. realizes true Relation between a process and a function, where the unfolding of the process requires the execution of the function. Class level: P realizes F iff: given any p that instantiates P, there exists some f, t such that f instantiates F at t and p *realizes* f. Here, *realizes* is the primitive instance level relation. GOC:cjm OBO-Edit 2.3.1 16:03:2015 21:20 idomal_namespace 1.2 1.2 Topito CHEBI CL EFO ENVO GO IDO MIRO OBI PATO snap span 1.2 1.2 Author: IR curation team Comments can be sent to This is an initial release version Version $Revision: 1.3.9$ louis[at]imbb.forth.gr temp version release candidate. topalis[at]imbb.forth.gr or idomal_namespace agent_in agent_in louis 2012-02-24T12:15:17Z idomal_namespace bearer_of bearer_of P happens_during s iff start_of(s) <= start_of(p) & end_of(p) <= end_of(s). louis 2009-06-29T12:56:19Z idomal_namespace happens_during happens_during P happens_during s iff start_of(s) <= start_of(p) & end_of(p) <= end_of(s). OBOREL:happens_during A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of. idomal_namespace has_role has_role A relation between a continuant C and a role R. The reciprocal relation of role_of. GOC:cjm C participates_in_some P if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t. idomal_namespace participates_in participates_in C participates_in_some P if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P there is some continuant c, and some time t, such that: c instantiates C at t and c participates in p at t. OBOREL:participates_in P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. Pantelis 2009-07-08T10:33:13Z idomal_namespace preceded_by An example is: translation preceded_by transcription; aging preceded_by development (not however death preceded_by aging). Where derives_from links classes of continuants, preceded_by links classes of processes. Clearly, however, these two relations are not independent of each other. Thus if cells of type C1 derive_from cells of type C, then any cell division involving an instance of C1 in a given lineage is preceded_by cellular processes involving an instance of C. The assertion P preceded_by P1 tells us something about Ps in general: that is, it tells us something about what happened earlier, given what we know about what happened later. Thus it does not provide information pointing in the opposite direction, concerning instances of P1 in general; that is, that each is such as to be succeeded by some instance of P. Note that an assertion to the effect that P preceded_by P1 is rather weak; it tells us little about the relations between the underlying instances in virtue of which the preceded_by relation obtains. Typically we will be interested in stronger relations, for example in the relation immediately_preceded_by, or in relations which combine preceded_by with a condition to the effect that the corresponding instances of P and P1 share participants, or that their participants are connected by relations of derivation, or (as a first step along the road to a treatment of causality) that the one process in some way affects (for example, initiates or regulates) the other. preceded_by P preceded_by P' if and only if: given any process p that instantiates P at a time t, there is some process p' such that p' instantiates P' at time t', and t' is earlier than t. OBOREL:preceded_by PMID:15892874 idomal_namespace precedes precedes Relation between a realizable and a process. Reciprocal relation of realizes. Pantelis 2009-07-12T11:22:12Z has_realization idomal_namespace executed_during realized_by NOTE: there appears to be some consistency in usage as to whether processes or continuants realize. realized_by Relation between a realizable and a process. Reciprocal relation of realizes. GOC:cjm