Gail H. Deutsch Huaqin Pan NHLBI Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program Consortium Ontology Subcommittee Susan E Wert BFO:0000050 part of RO:0002150 continuous_with RO:0002202 develops_from LMMA:00002 UBERON:0004893 LMHA:00002 true interalveolar septum LMHA:00002 CL:0000057 LMMA:00007 LMHA:00007 A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with Branching_parting processes; appears fusiform or spindle-shaped. true matrix synthesizing fibroblast matrix fibroblast LMHA:00007 LMHA:00020 3 right lower lobe alveolar parenchyma LMHA:00020 UBERON:0012059 LMHA:00021 2 right lower lobe bronchiole LMHA:00021 LMMA:00603 LMHA:00022 1 right lower lobe hilum LMHA:00022 LMHA:00028 4 right lower lobe visceral pleura LMHA:00028 LMHA:00029 3 right middle lobe alveolar parenchyma LMHA:00029 UBERON:0012068 LMHA:00030 2 right middle lobe bronchiole LMHA:00030 LMHA:00031 1 right middle lobe hilum LMHA:00031 LMHA:00037 4 right middle lobe visceral pleura LMHA:00037 FMA:31241 LMMA:00038 LMHA:00038 3 right upper lobe alveolar parenchyma LMHA:00038 LMMA:00039 UBERON:0005681 LMHA:00039 2 right upper lobe bronchiole LMHA:00039 LMMA:00605 LMHA:00040 1 right upper lobe hilum LMHA:00040 LMMA:00046 LMHA:00046 4 right upper lobe visceral pleura LMHA:00046 LMMA:00047 UBERON:0011148 LMHA:00047 submucosal gland LMHA:00047 CL:0000136 LMMA:00054 LMHA:00054 A connective tissue cell specialized to synthesize and store fat, primarily in the form of triglycerides. adipocyte LMHA:00054 FMA:20110 LMMA:00055 LMHA:00055 adipose tissue LMHA:00055 LMMA:00060 LMHA:00060 true alveolar capillary network alveolar capillary bed LMHA:00060 LMMA:00061 LMHA:00061 alveolar capillary endothelium LMHA:00061 FMA:7341 LMMA:00062 LMHA:00062 The respiratory conducting tubes distal to the terminal bronchiole that lead to the alveolar sacs and the alveoli. true alveolar duct respiratory alveolar duct pulmonary alveolar duct LMHA:00062 LMMA:00063 LMHA:00063 alveolar duct lumen LMHA:00063 FMA:84476 LMMA:00064 LMHA:00064 alveolar duct wall LMHA:00064 FMA:63915 LMMA:00065 LMHA:00065 true alveolar epithelium LMHA:00065 LMMA:00066 LMHA:00066 A mesenchymal-derived connective tissue cell located in the interstitial space (interstitium or connective tissue compartment) of the alveolar septum (wall). alveolar connective tissue cell alveolar mesenchymal cell alveolar stromal cell alveolar interstitial cell LMHA:00066 LMMA:00067 LMHA:00067 true alveolar connective tissue alveolar interstitium alveolar mesenchyme alveolar stroma alveolar interstitial tissue LMHA:00067 LMMA:00068 LMHA:00068 alveolar lumen LMHA:00068 LMMA:00071 LMHA:00071 true 2 alveolar septal ridge secondary septal ridge primary alveolar septum gives rise to the alveolar septal crest, which develops into secondary alveolar septum alveolar septal crest LMHA:00071 EFO:0001985 EMAPA:32682 FMA:7318 LMMA:00072 MA:0000420 UBERON:0002299 LMHA:00072 true alveoli alveolus alveolus pulmonis lung alveolus pulmonary alveolus respiratory alveoli respiratory alveolus alveolus of lung LMHA:00072 LMMA:00078 UBERON:0001916 LMHA:00078 arteriole endothelium LMHA:00078 LMMA:00081 UBERON:0001917 LMHA:00081 artery endothelium LMHA:00081 CL:0000236 LMMA:00086 LMHA:00086 BCL B cell B lymphocyte LMHA:00086 CL:0000646 LMMA:00087 LMHA:00087 An epithelial cell located at the base, or basal side, of the epithelium, in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane. These are small polyhedral cells with a large nucleus, relatively little cytoplasm and few organelles. They are undifferentiated, self-renewing, multipotent, progenitor (stem) cells for other epithelial cell types in the airway. true basal cell LMHA:00087 FMA:63872 LMMA:00089 LMHA:00089 basement membrane LMHA:00089 CL:0000767 LMMA:00090 LMHA:00090 basophilic granulocyte basophilic leukocyte basophil LMHA:00090 LMMA:00094 LMHA:00094 3 bronchial adventitia LMHA:00094 LMMA:00095 LMHA:00095 2 bronchial arteriole LMHA:00095 LMMA:00096 LMHA:00096 bronchial arteriole tunica intima LMHA:00096 LMMA:00097 LMHA:00097 bronchial arteriole tunica media LMHA:00097 LMMA:00098 UBERON:0002040 LMHA:00098 1 bronchial artery LMHA:00098 LMMA:00099 LMHA:00099 bronchial artery tunica intima LMHA:00099 LMMA:00100 LMHA:00100 bronchial artery tunica media LMHA:00100 LMMA:00101 UBERON:0002031 LMHA:00101 true bronchial epithelium LMHA:00101 LMMA:00482 UBERON:0004242 LMHA:00103 true bronchial smooth muscle LMHA:00103 LMMA:00104 LMHA:00104 bronchial blood vessel LMHA:00104 LMMA:00105 UBERON:0001592 LMHA:00105 4 bronchial vein LMHA:00105 LMMA:00106 LMHA:00106 bronchial vein tunica adventitia LMHA:00106 LMMA:00107 LMHA:00107 bronchial vein tunica intima LMHA:00107 LMMA:00108 LMHA:00108 bronchial vein tunica media LMHA:00108 LMMA:00109 LMHA:00109 5 bronchial venule LMHA:00109 LMMA:00110 LMHA:00110 bronchial venule tunica adventitia LMHA:00110 LMMA:00111 LMHA:00111 bronchial venule tunica intima LMHA:00111 LMMA:00112 LMHA:00112 bronchial venule tunica media LMHA:00112 LMHA:00114 LMMA:00525 bronchiolar adventitia LMHA:00114 EMAPA:32689 FMA:7409 LMMA:00120 MA:0000436 UBERON:0002185 LMHA:00120 true 2 bronchus LMHA:00120 LMMA:00123 UBERON:0012083 LMHA:00123 bronchus lumen LMHA:00123 FMA:14049 LMMA:00124 LMHA:00124 bronchus wall LMHA:00124 LMMA:00606 LMHA:00133 cartilage tracheal cartilaginous ring LMHA:00133 CL:0002320 LMMA:00136 LMHA:00136 A group of cells derived from embryonic mesoderm (mesenchyme) that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells and bone cells. connective tissue cell LMHA:00136 LMHA:00138 respiratory bronchiolar lumen LMHA:00138 LMHA:00139 respiratory bronchiolar wall LMHA:00139 FMA:7412 LMHA:00140 true 3 respiratory bronchiole LMHA:00140 BTO:0000249 LMMA:00141 LMHA:00141 A type of connective tissue cell that secretes and maintains the structural components of cartilage, primarily collagen and proteoglycans. true chondrocyte LMHA:00141 CL:0000064 LMMA:00142 LMHA:00142 A columnar epithelial cell with microscopic hair-like processes, i.e., motile cilia, that extend from the apical cell surface. These cells are found in the epithelia of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles), where they sweep mucous, dirt, dust, bacteria and other pathogens up and out of the lung, bronchi, and trachea. true ciliated cell LMHA:00142 CL:0000158 LMMA:00143 LMHA:00143 The club cell is a non-ciliated, dome-shaped, secretory cell with short microvilli and abundant secretory granules. Its secretory proteins function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium from environmental toxins/irritants. The club cell also has the capacity for self-renewal (maintenance of a progenitor cell pool) and regeneration of the bronchiolar epithelium after injury. true Clara cell bronchiolar exocrine cell nonciliated secretory cell club cell LMHA:00143 FMA:63173 LMMA:00145 LMHA:00145 collagen tissue collagen fiber LMHA:00145 LMMA:00146 LMHA:00146 An epithelial cell located in the ducts (tube-like structures) that transport seromucous secretions from the submucosal glands to the lumen of the upper trachea in the mouse and to the lumen of the cartilaginous airways in the human. collecting duct cell LMHA:00146 CL:0000738 LMMA:00150 LMHA:00150 dendritic cell LMHA:00150 LMMA:00158 UBERON:0002521 LMHA:00158 elastic fiber LMHA:00158 CL:0000771 LMMA:00163 LMHA:00163 eosinophil LMHA:00163 LMMA:00167 UBERON:0015433 LMHA:00167 external elastic membrane LMHA:00167 LMMA:00168 MESH:D005109 LMHA:00168 extracellular matrix LMHA:00168 FMA:62925 LMMA:00178 LMHA:00178 glycoprotein LMHA:00178 CL:0000094 LMMA:00179 LMHA:00179 granulocyte LMHA:00179 LMMA:00180 LMHA:00180 ground substance LMHA:00180 CL:0000235 LMMA:00182 LMHA:00182 MCL histiocyte macrophage LMHA:00182 FMA:64783 LMMA:00183 LMHA:00183 true hyaline cartilage LMHA:00183 CL:0000738 LMMA:00185 LMHA:00185 MIC MIC leukocyte white blood cell immune cell LMHA:00185 LMMA:00191 UBERON:0011392 LMHA:00191 internal elastic membrane LMHA:00191 LMMA:00199 UBERON:0002168 LMHA:00199 left lung LMHA:00199 LMHA:00200 3 respiratory parenchyma LMMA:00200 left lower lobe alveolar parenchyma LMHA:00200 UBERON:0012055 LMHA:00201 2 left lower lobe bronchiole LMHA:00201 LMHA:00202 1 left lower lobe hilum LMHA:00202 LMMA:00205 UBERON:0002178 LMHA:00205 BRL bronchus left left lung main bronchus LMHA:00205 LMHA:00207 4 LMMA:00207 left lower lobe visceral pleura LMHA:00207 LMMA:00209 LMHA:00209 Lipid-containing interstitial cell located in the alveolar septum (wall). The lipofibroblast transfers neutral lipid (tryglyceride) from the capillaries to the type II pneumocyte for the synthesis of surfactant phopholipids. It also synthesizes ECM proteins, such as collagen and elastin, and contains intermediate contractile filaments. true lipofibroblast LMHA:00209 EHDAA2:0001042 EMAPA:16728 FMA:7195 LMMA:00211 MA:0000415 UBERON:0002048 LMHA:00211 3 lung LMHA:00211 LMHA:00213 lung tissue macrophage pulmonary interstitial macrophage interstitial macrophage LMHA:00213 LMMA:00215 UBERON:0008826 LMHA:00215 alveolar duct lumen lung surfactant pulmonary surfactant LMHA:00215 CL:0002138 LMMA:00216 LMHA:00216 END LYM A mesenchymal-derived, squamous (flat), endothelial cell that lines the inner (i.e., luminal) surface of lymphatic vessels, forming a continuous, thin, endothelial cell layer or sheath (endothelium). true lymphatic endothelial cell LMHA:00216 LMMA:00217 UBERON:0004232 LMHA:00217 lymphatic smooth muscle LMHA:00217 FMA:66259 LMMA:00220 LMHA:00220 lymphatic vessel tunica adventitia LMHA:00220 FMA:66257 LMMA:00221 LMHA:00221 lymphatic vessel tunica intima LMHA:00221 FMA:66258 LMMA:00222 LMHA:00222 lymphatic vessel tunica media LMHA:00222 CL:0000542 LMMA:00223 LMHA:00223 lymphocyte LMHA:00223 LMMA:00224 UBERON:0000029 LMHA:00224 lymph node LMHA:00224 CL:0000583 LMMA:00226 LMHA:00226 MCL true alveolar duct lumen tissue macrophage alveolar macrophage LMHA:00226 CL:0000097 LMMA:00227 LMHA:00227 mast cell LMHA:00227 CL:0000077 LMMA:00231 LMHA:00231 A flat cell of mesenchymal origin that forms the superficial layer of the serosal membranes lining the body cavities of the abdomen and thorax. true mesothelial cell LMHA:00231 CL:0000576 LMMA:00233 LMHA:00233 monocyte LMHA:00233 LMMA:00238 MESH:D009077 LMHA:00238 An epithelial cell that produces and secretes mucin, a substance containing mucopolysaacharides and protein, whch protects the epithelial cell surface. Mucous cells are found predominantely in the submucosal glands of the trachea and more rarely in the epithelum of the cartilaginous airways. true mucous cell mucus cell LMHA:00238 LMMA:00240 UBERON:0004515 LMHA:00240 peribronchiolar smooth muscle bronchiolar smooth muscle LMHA:00240 CL:0000766 LMMA:00241 LMHA:00241 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte LMHA:00241 BTO:0002309 LMMA:00242 LMHA:00242 A contractile cell found between secretory cells and basement membrane of the seromucus glands located in the submucosa of the upper trachea in the mouse and human. Each myoepithelial cell has long cytoplasmic processes that wrap around a secretory unit (acinus, or smalll cluster of cells with a central lumen). The contraction of the myoepithelial processes forces the secretory product from the secretory unit into its duct. myoepithelial cell LMHA:00242 BTO:0001946 LMMA:00243 LMHA:00243 A stromal cell combining the features of a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell, such as alpha-smooth-muscle-actin positive, contractile myofilaments true myofibroblast LMHA:00243 CL:0000623 LMMA:00245 LMHA:00245 NKC large granular lymphocyte non-T, non-B lymphocyte natural killer cell LMHA:00245 LMMA:00247 UBERON:0006134 LMHA:00247 NRV nerve fiber LMHA:00247 CL:0000165 LMMA:00252 LMHA:00252 An endocrine cell that produces and secretes neurotransmitters and neuropeptide hormones in response to neuronal signals. In the lung, these cells are found as single cells or in cell clusters (neuroepithelial bodies) and are located in the epithelium of the conducting airways, including trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. true neuroendocrine cell LMHA:00252 MESH:D046568 LMHA:00253 true Innervated clusters of NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS found in the LUNGS. They act as airway OXYGEN sensors, releasing regulatory PEPTIDES and SEROTONIN in response to HYPOXIA. neuroepithelial body LMHA:00253 CL:0000775 LMMA:00256 LMHA:00256 neutrophil LMHA:00256 LMMA:00257 LMHA:00257 NRV sensory nervous system non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic nerve LMHA:00257 LMMA:00270 UBERON:0011929 LMHA:00270 NRV cholinergic innervation postganglionic parasympathetic nerve LMHA:00270 CL:0000669 LMMA:00273 LMHA:00273 Unique slender cells with multiple processes extending along the capillary vessel and encircling the vascular wall to form a net around the vessel. These cells are embedded in the basement membrane shared with the endothelial cells of the vessel. They are are important in maintaining vessel integrity, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. true pericyte LMHA:00273 LMMA:00279 UBERON:0005314 LMHA:00279 true 1 primary septum primary alveolar septum gives rise to the alveolar septal crest, which develops into secondary alveolar septum primary alveolar septum LMHA:00279 FMA:63015 LMMA:00283 LMHA:00283 proteoglycan LMHA:00283 LMHA:00286 true central bronchiolar epithelium respiratory bronchiolar epithelium LMHA:00286 LMMA:00414 UBERON:0001901 LMHA:00288 tracheal epithelium LMHA:00288 LMMA:00290 LMHA:00290 true 2 pulmonary arteriole LMHA:00290 LMMA:00291 UBERON:0002012 LMHA:00291 true 1 pulmonary artery LMHA:00291 FMA:84914 LMMA:00292 LMHA:00292 pulmonary artery tunica adventitia LMHA:00292 LMMA:00293 LMHA:00293 pulmonary artery tunica intima LMHA:00293 LMMA:00294 LMHA:00294 pulmonary artery tunica media LMHA:00294 LMMA:00297 LMHA:00297 pulmonary terminal arteriole pulmonary distal arteriole LMHA:00297 LMMA:00298 LMHA:00298 pulmonary distal arteriole tunica adventitia LMHA:00298 LMMA:00299 LMHA:00299 pulmonary distal arteriole tunica intima LMHA:00299 LMMA:00300 LMHA:00300 pulmonary distal arteriole tunica media LMHA:00300 LMMA:00301 LMHA:00301 pulmonary distal venule LMHA:00301 LMMA:00302 LMHA:00302 pulmonary distal venule tunica adventitia LMHA:00302 LMMA:00303 LMHA:00303 pulmonary distal venule tunica intima LMHA:00303 LMMA:00304 LMHA:00304 pulmonary muscular arteriole LMHA:00304 LMMA:00305 UBERON:0002016 LMHA:00305 4 pulmonary vein LMHA:00305 FMA:84915 LMMA:00306 LMHA:00306 pulmonary vein tunica adventitia LMHA:00306 FMA:84945 LMMA:00307 LMHA:00307 pulmonary vein tunica intima LMHA:00307 FMA:85023 LMMA:00308 LMHA:00308 pulmonary vein tunica media LMHA:00308 LMMA:00309 LMHA:00309 pulmonary muscular venule LMHA:00309 LMMA:00310 LMHA:00310 pulmonary muscular venule tunica adventitia LMHA:00310 LMMA:00311 LMHA:00311 pulmonary muscular venule tunica intima LMHA:00311 LMMA:00312 LMHA:00312 pulmonary muscular venule tunica media LMHA:00312 LMMA:00315 LMHA:00315 pulmonary blood vessel LMHA:00315 LMMA:00316 LMHA:00316 true 5 pulmonary venule LMHA:00316 LMMA:00320 UBERON:0006804 LMHA:00320 reticular fiber LMHA:00320 EHDAA2:0001740 LMMA:00324 LMHA:00324 CBL RLL 3 right inferior lobe right lung lower lobe LMHA:00324 EHDAA2:0001744 LMMA:00325 LMHA:00325 3 secondary bronchus right lung lower lobar bronchus LMHA:00325 LMMA:00326 UBERON:0002167 LMHA:00326 right lung LMHA:00326 LMMA:00329 UBERON:0002177 LMHA:00329 BRR bronchus right right lung main bronchus LMHA:00329 LMMA:00330 UBERON:0002174 LMHA:00330 CBL RML 2 right middle lobe right lung middle lobe LMHA:00330 LMMA:00331 UBERON:0012063 LMHA:00331 2 secondary bronchus right lung middle lobar bronchus LMHA:00331 EHDAA2:0001747 LMMA:00332 LMHA:00332 CBL RUL 1 right superior lobe right lung upper lobe LMHA:00332 EHDAA2:0001752 LMMA:00333 LMHA:00333 1 secondary bronchus right lung upper lobar bronchus LMHA:00333 CL:0000218 LMMA:00338 LMHA:00338 A supporting cell of the peripheral nervous system, derived from neural crest cells, which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons and is required for nerve maintenance and function. Schwann cell neuroglial cell glial cell LMHA:00338 LMMA:00339 UBERON:0005315 LMHA:00339 true 3 primary alveolar septum gives rise to the alveolar septal crest, which develops into secondary alveolar septum secondary alveolar septum LMHA:00339 CL:0000313 LMMA:00340 LMHA:00340 An epithelial cell that produces and secretes water, electrolytes, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant molecules, which protects the epithelial surrface. Serous cells are found predominantely in the submucosal glands of the trachea and more rarely in the epithelum of the cartilaginous airways. serous cell LMHA:00340 CL:0000192 LMMA:00343 LMHA:00343 A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped, involuntary contractile cell found in internal organs and blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells are found in the walls of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) and of the pulmonary and bronchial blood vessels (vascular smooth muscle). true smooth muscle cell LMHA:00343 LMMA:00351 LMHA:00351 submucosal gland epithelium LMHA:00351 LMMA:00352 UBERON:0011926 LMHA:00352 NRV adrenergic innervation postganglionic sympathetic nerve LMHA:00352 CL:0000084 LMMA:00354 LMHA:00354 T cell T lymphocyte LMHA:00354 LMMA:00356 MESH:D000067170 LMHA:00356 The telocyte is a type of fibroblast (interstitial/connective tissue cell) that has a small oval-shaped cell body with multiple (1-5), thin, elongated telopods (cytoplasmic extensions) that can be up to 100-microns long. These cells are C-KIT positive and are associated with morphogenesis and local tissue homeostasis. telocyte LMHA:00356 FMA:87486 LMMA:00357 LMHA:00357 terminal bronchiolar lumen LMHA:00357 FMA:62792 LMMA:00358 LMHA:00358 terminal bronchiolar wall LMHA:00358 LMMA:00359 UBERON:0002187 LMHA:00359 true 2 membranous bronchiole terminal bronchiole LMHA:00359 EHDAA2:0002066 EMAPA:16853 FMA:7394 LMMA:00361 MA:0000441 UBERON:0003126 LMHA:00361 true 1 trachea LMHA:00361 LMMA:00362 UBERON:0015247 LMHA:00362 3 trachea bifurcation LMHA:00362 LMMA:00365 UBERON:0006833 LMHA:00364 1 trachea lumen LMHA:00364 FMA:7470 LMMA:00366 LMHA:00366 2 trachea wall LMHA:00366 LMMA:00367 LMHA:00367 3 tracheal adventitia LMHA:00367 LMHA:00369 tracheal smooth muscle LMHA:00369 LMMA:00370 LMHA:00370 membranous trachea trachealis muscle LMHA:00370 LMMA:00378 LMHA:00378 A fibroblast found in the connective tissue layer located immediately under the vascular endothelium in the tunica intima of blood vessels. subendothelial connective tissue cell LMHA:00378 CL:0002062 LMMA:00379 LMHA:00379 EP1 A thin, flat or squamous ("scale-like") alveolar epithelial cell, covering ~95% of the surface area of each alveolus, that facilitates gas exchange across the alveolar wall (septum), i.e., between the alveolus (airspace) and the capillary network. true AEC1 AT1 cell ATI cell alveolar type 1 cell alveolar type I cell alveolar type I epithelial cell lung type 1 cell pulmonary alveolar type I cell squamous alveolar cell squamous alveolar lining cell type I alveolar cell type I alveolar epithelial cell type I pneumocyte LMHA:00379 CL:0002063 LMMA:00381 LMHA:00381 EP2 A cuboidal-like, alveolar epithelial cell that synthesizes, stores, secretes, and recycles pulmonary surfactant phospholipids and proteins, substances that reduce the surface tension in the alveolus. Pulmonary surfactant is stored in lipid-rich lamellar bodies, a distinctive feature of this cell type.. The type II pneumocyte is also capable of cell division and can repopulate the alveolar epitheium after injury, differentiating into type I pneumocytes. Although this cell type covers less than 5% of the alveolar surface, it represents 60% of all alveolar epithelial cells. true AT2 cell ATII cell TII (type II) alveolar epithelial type II cell alveolar type II cell cuboidal type II cell granular pneumocyte lung type 2 cell type 2 alveolar epithelial cell type 2 pneumocyte type II alveolar cell type II alveolar epithelial cell type II pneumocyte LMHA:00381 LMMA:00384 LMHA:00384 true general epithelial cell nonspecific epithelial cell unclassified epithelial cell LMHA:00384 LMMA:00386 LMHA:00386 This term is used to describe a fibroblast that cannot be classified under an existing fibroblast cell type. unclassified fibroblast LMHA:00386 CL:0002139 LMMA:00392 LMHA:00392 END An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. true vascular endothelial cell LMHA:00392 LMMA:00393 UBERON:0004237 LMHA:00393 true vascular smooth muscle LMHA:00393 LMMA:00395 UBERON:0003710 LMHA:00395 vasa vasorum LMHA:00395 LMMA:00397 UBERON:0001919 LMHA:00397 vein endothelium LMHA:00397 LMMA:00403 UBERON:0007141 LMHA:00403 venule endothelium LMHA:00403 LMMA:00405 LMHA:00405 visceral connective tissue LMHA:00405 LMMA:00406 UBERON:0007141 LMHA:00406 visceral mesothelium LMHA:00406 LMMA:00410 LMHA:00410 fibroelastic connective tissue fibroelastic tissue fibroelastic membrane LMHA:00410 LMMA:00412 UBERON:0002222 LMHA:00412 perichondrium LMHA:00412 LMMA:00415 UBERON:0000379 LMHA:00415 1 tracheal mucosa LMHA:00415 LMMA:00416 UBERON:0002202 LMHA:00416 2 tracheal submucosa LMHA:00416 LMMA:00418 UBERON:0000410 LMHA:00418 1 bronchial mucosa LMHA:00418 LMMA:00419 UBERON:0001957 LMHA:00419 2 bronchial submucosa LMHA:00419 LMMA:00422 UBERON:0002042 LMHA:00422 true lymphatic endothelium LMHA:00422 CL:0002089 LMMA:00437 LMHA:00437 nuocyte LMHA:00437 LMMA:00440 LMHA:00440 perivascular connective tissue vascular connective tissue LMHA:00440 LMMA:00447 UBERON:0018227 LMHA:00447 6 pulmonary lymphatic vessel LMHA:00447 BTO:0004557 LMMA:00455 LMHA:00455 submucosal gland duct epithelium LMHA:00455 FMA:62794 LMMA:00457 LMHA:00457 terminal bronchiolar epithelium LMHA:00457 LMMA:00472 LMHA:00472 bronchial arteriole tunica adventitia LMHA:00472 LMMA:00473 LMHA:00473 bronchial artery tunica adventitia LMHA:00473 LMMA:00483 UBERON:0000031 LMHA:00483 tracheal lamina propria LMHA:00483 LMMA:00486 LMHA:00486 pulmonary muscular arteriole tunica adventitia LMHA:00486 LMMA:00488 LMHA:00488 pulmonary muscular arteriole tunica intima LMHA:00488 LMMA:00489 LMHA:00489 pulmonary muscular arteriole tunica media LMHA:00489 FMA:7428 LMHA:00516 3 LUL tertiary bronchus left anterior bronchus LMHA:00516 LMHA:00517 7 LLL tertiary bronchus left anterior basal bronchus LMHA:00517 FMA:7426 LMHA:00518 1 LLL tertiary bronchus left apical bronchus LMHA:00518 CL:0000107 LMMA:00521 LMHA:00521 A neuron whose cell body is located within an autonomic ganglion, i.e., part of a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Its purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses between the central nervous system and its target organs/tissues. autonomic ganglion cell autonomic ganglion neuron neuron neuronal cell autonomic neuron LMHA:00521 FMA:7431 LMHA:00523 5 LUL tertiary bronchus inferior lingular bronchus LMHA:00523 LMMA:00526 LMHA:00524 intermediate airway progenitor cell LMHA:00524 FMA:7507 LMHA:00525 8 LLL tertiary bronchus left lateral basal bronchus LMHA:00525 LMHA:00526 An epithelial cell found in the extrapulmonary conducting airways (tracheal and bronchial epithelia). This cell is a non-proliferative, TRP63-negative, MYB-positive, progenitor cell that can give rise to both ciliated and secretory cell types. It is distinct from basal cells, which are TRP63-positive, MYB-negative, and self-renewing. 4 RML tertiary bronchus right lateral bronchus LMHA:00526 UBERON:0003405 LMHA:00527 left lung lobar bronchus LMHA:00527 UBERON:0012066 LMHA:00528 2 left lung lower lobar bronchus LMHA:00528 LMHA:00529 CBL LLL left inferior lobe left lung lower lobe LMHA:00529 LMHA:00530 left lung segmental bronchus LMHA:00530 UBERON:0012065 LMHA:00531 1 left lung upper lobar bronchus LMHA:00531 UBERON:0008952 LMHA:00532 CBL LUL left superior lobe left lung upper lobe LMHA:00532 LMHA:00533 3 LMMA:00200 left upper lobe alveolar parenchyma LMHA:00533 UBERON:0012056 LMHA:00534 2 left upper lobe bronchiole LMHA:00534 LMHA:00535 1 left upper lobe hilum LMHA:00535 LMHA:00537 4 LMMA:00207 left upper lobe visceral pleura LMHA:00537 LMMA:00528 UBERON:0002183 LMHA:00538 2 secondary bronchus lobar bronchus LMHA:00538 FMA:7418 LMHA:00539 8 RLL tertiary bronchus right anterior basal segmental bronchus LMHA:00539 LMMA:00527 UBERON:0002182 LMHA:00540 1 mainstem bronchus primary bronchus main bronchus LMHA:00540 FMA:13275 LMHA:00541 7 RLL tertiary bronchus medial basal bronchus LMHA:00541 FMA:7403 LMHA:00542 5 RML tertiary bronchus medial bronchus LMHA:00542 FMA:7508 LMHA:00544 9 LLL tertiary bronchus left posterior basal bronchus LMHA:00544 LMHA:00545 2 LUL tertiary bronchus left posterior bronchus LMHA:00545 LMMA:00520 LMHA:00546 4 autonomic respiratory nervous system respiratory autonomic nervous system LMHA:00546 LMMA:00522 LMHA:00547 TLD TLP TRD TRP 5 respiratory immune system LMHA:00547 LMMA:00523 UBERON:0003504 LMHA:00548 6 respiratory vasculature respiratory vascular system LMHA:00548 LMHA:00549 BRR right lung lobar bronchus LMHA:00549 LMHA:00550 BRR right lung segmental bronchus LMHA:00550 FMA:7407 LMHA:00551 3 tertiary bronchus segmental bronchus LMHA:00551 LMHA:00552 6 LLL tertiary bronchus left lower lobe superior bronchus LMHA:00552 LMHA:00553 4 LUL tertiary bronchus superior lingular bronchus LMHA:00553 LMHA:00554 2 RUL tertiary bronchus right upper lobe anterior bronchus LMHA:00554 LMHA:00559 5 left lower lobe interlobular septum LMHA:00559 LMHA:00560 5 left upper lobe interlobular septum LMHA:00560 LMHA:00563 respiratory bronchiolar alveolus LMHA:00563 LMHA:00564 5 right lower lobe interlobular septum LMHA:00564 LMHA:00565 5 right middle lobe interlobular septum LMHA:00565 LMHA:00566 5 right upper lobe interlobular septum LMHA:00566 UBERON:0000444 LMHA:00567 folliculus lymphaticus lymphatic follicle lymphatic nodule lymphoid nodule nodular lymphoid tissue nodulus lymphaticus nodulus lymphoideus follicular hyperplasia +/- germinal centers in reactive conditions lymphoid follicle LMHA:00567 LMHA:00560 NCIT:C38467 Lymph Node Paracortex Lymph Node Paracortical Region interfollicular area of the lymph node predominantly T cells paracortex LMHA:00560 LMHA:00569 NCIT:C33053 predominantly B cells mantle zone NCIT:C33053 LMMA:00699 UBERON:0010754 LMHA:00570 A germinal center is a specialized microenvironment formed when activated B cells enter lymphoid follicles. Germinal centers are the foci for B cell proliferation and somatic hypermutation. central zone of follicle reactive center of follicle UBERON:0010754 germinal center LMHA:00570 LMHA:00573 NCIT:C49767 predominantly B cells marginal zone LMHA:00573 BTO:0000392 CL:0000786 FMA:70574 LMMA:00677 LMHA:00574 BCL A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. Plasma cells develop in the spleen and migrate to the bone marrow. Plasma cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD22-negative, CD23-negative, CD24-negative, CD25-negative, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-low, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-positive, CD95-positive, CD196-negative, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. Transcription factors: BLIMP1-positive, IRF4-positive, PAX5-negative, SpiB-negative, Ets1-negative, and XBP1-positive. An epithelial cell that lines the peripheral gas exchange region (epithelial lining of the alveolar duct and alveoli) of the lungs. Includes both alveolar type I and type II pneumocytes. mature B lymphocyte CL:0000786 plasma cell LMHA:00574 FMA:63011 LMMA:00529 LMHA:00576 glycosaminoglycan LMHA:00576 CL:0002328 LMMA:00591 LMHA:00577 bronchial epithelial cell LMHA:00577 LMHA:00578 1 LMMA:00140 LMMA:00198 membranous bronchiole LMHA:00578 LMHA:00579 LMMA:00138 LMMA:00196 membranous bronchiolar lumen LMHA:00579 LMHA:00580 LMMA:00139 LMMA:00197 membranous bronchiolar wall LMHA:00580 LMHA:00581 LMMA:00286 LMMA:00433 membranous bronchiolar epithelium LMHA:00581 LMHA:00582 An epithelial cell that lines the intrapulmonary conducting airway, or bronchioles. The more proximal bronchioles are lined predominantly by ciliated cells with a greater proportion of club cells in the distal bronchioles. terminal bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00582 CL:0000307 LMMA:00590 LMHA:00583 tracheal epithelial cell LMHA:00583 FMA:62499 LMMA:00574 LMHA:00586 alveolar epithelial cell LMHA:00586 LMMA:00592 UBERON:2002141 LMHA:00587 annular ligament LMHA:00587 LMHA:00589 LMMA:0525 bronchiolar lamina propria LMHA:00589 LMMA:00481 UBERON:0002338 LMHA:00590 An epithelial cell that lines the trachea. The trachea is lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells, including ciliated cells, club cells, basal cells, and neuroepithelial cells. bronchial connective tissue bronchial lamina propria LMHA:00590 LMMA:00133 LMHA:00595 cartilage cartilage ring cartilaginous ring bronchial cartilaginous ring LMHA:00595 LMHA:00598 true proliferative interstitial cell LMHA:00598 BTO:0001096 LMMA:00614 LMHA:00614 lymphoid cell LMHA:00614 FMA:7398 LMHA:00616 1 RUL tertiary bronchus right apical bronchus LMHA:00616 FMA:7419 LMHA:00617 9 RLL tertiary bronchus right lateral basal bronchus LMHA:00617 FMA:7420 LMHA:00618 10 RLL tertiary bronchus right posterior basal bronchus LMHA:00618 LMHA:00619 6 tertiary bronchus right lower lobe superior bronchus LMHA:00619 FMA:7399 LMHA:00620 3 RUL tertiary bronchus right posterior bronchus LMHA:00620 CL:0000232 LMMA:00619 LMHA:00622 erythrocyte LMHA:00622 CL:0001065 LMMA:00620 LMHA:00623 innate lymphoid cell LMHA:00623 LMMA:00626 UBERON:0001744 LMHA:00626 LNH LNT bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) secondary lymphoid tissue variably present in postnatal life , typically reactive conditions lymphoid tissue LMHA:00626 LMHA:00629 LMMA:0582 respiratory bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00629 LMHA:00630 LMMA:0582 membranous bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00630 LMMA:00632 LMHA:00632 true 3 intra-parenchymal blood vessel LMHA:00632 LMMA:00633 UBERON:0002009 LMHA:00633 true extrapulmonary plexus; associated with left and right bronchi at root of left and right lung in mediastinum pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00633 LMMA:00634 LMHA:00634 true nerve cell cluster intrapulmonary; adjacent to bronchi and blood vessels pulmonary autonomic ganglion LMHA:00634 FMA:223443 LMMA:00635 LMHA:00635 true left pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00635 FMA:6657 LMMA:00636 LMHA:00636 true left anterior pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00636 FMA:6659 LMMA:00637 LMHA:00637 true left posterior pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00637 FMA:223441 LMMA:00638 LMHA:00638 true right pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00638 FMA:6656 LMMA:00639 LMHA:00639 true right anterior pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00639 FMA:6658 LMMA:00640 LMHA:00640 true right posterior pulmonary nerve plexus LMHA:00640 LMMA:00641 LMHA:00641 true pulmonary autonomic nerve LMHA:00641 LMMA:00642 UBERON:0011930 LMHA:00642 true preganglionic parasympathetic nerve LMHA:00642 FMA:9905 LMMA:00643 LMHA:00643 true general visceral nervous system LMHA:00643 FMA:80114 LMMA:00644 LMHA:00644 true sensory nerve general visceral afferent nerve LMHA:00644 LMMA:00645 LMHA:00645 true visceral afferent sensory nerve receptor visceral afferent sensory nerve terminal LMHA:00645 LMMA:00475 MA:0000135 LMHA:00651 BALT variably present in postnatal life , typically reactive conditions bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue LMHA:00651 LMMA:00678 LMHA:00678 connective tissue capsule LMHA:00678 LMMA:00679 UBERON:0000440 LMHA:00679 trabecula LMHA:00679 LMMA:00680 UBERON:0001851 LMHA:00680 cortex LMHA:00680 CL:0000868 LMMA:00698 LMHA:00681 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage LMHA:00681 FMA:61108 LMMA:00682 LMHA:00682 medulla LMHA:00682 LMMA:00683 UBERON:0009745 LMHA:00683 medullary cord LMHA:00683 LMHA:00685 reticular cell LMHA:00685 LMMA:00686 MESH:D042783 LMHA:00686 endothelial sinus LMHA:00686 LMMA:00687 LMHA:00687 cortical sinus LMHA:00687 LMMA:00688 UBERON:0009744 LMHA:00688 medullary sinus LMHA:00688 LMMA:00689 LMHA:00689 trabecular sinus paratrabecular sinus LMHA:00689 LMMA:00690 UBERON:0005463 LMHA:00690 subcapsular sinus LMHA:00690 CL:0000081 LMMA:00692 LMHA:00692 blood cell LMHA:00692 LMHA:00693 submucosal gland duct epithelial cell LMHA:00693 LMHA:00694 submucosal gland epithelial cell LMHA:00694 BTO:0004758 LMHA:00804 END An endothelial cell of the atrerial blood vessels. true arterial endothelial cell LMHA:00804 BTO:0001176 LMHA:00805 END An endothelial cell of the venous blood vessels. true venous endothelial cell LMHA:00805 LMMA:00817 UBERON:0002169 true 2 alveolar sac LMMA:00818 true alveolar sac lumen RO:0001025 located_in RO:0002220 adjacent_to Gail H. Deutsch Huaqin Pan NHLBI Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program Consortium Ontology Subcommittee Susan E Wert