Gail H. Deutsch Huaqin Pan NHLBI Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program Consortium Ontology Subcommittee Susan E Wert CL:0000136 LMMA:00054 LMHA:00054 A connective tissue cell specialized to synthesize and store fat, primarily in the form of triglycerides. adipocyte LMHA:00054 LMMA:00066 LMHA:00066 A mesenchymal-derived connective tissue cell located in the interstitial space (interstitium or connective tissue compartment) of the alveolar septum (wall). alveolar connective tissue cell alveolar mesenchymal cell alveolar stromal cell alveolar interstitial cell LMHA:00066 CL:0000236 LMMA:00086 LMHA:00086 BCL B cell B lymphocyte LMHA:00086 CL:0000646 LMMA:00087 LMHA:00087 An epithelial cell located at the base, or basal side, of the epithelium, in direct contact with the underlying basement membrane. These are small polyhedral cells with a large nucleus, relatively little cytoplasm and few organelles. They are undifferentiated, self-renewing, multipotent, progenitor (stem) cells for other epithelial cell types in the airway. true basal cell LMHA:00087 CL:0000767 LMMA:00090 LMHA:00090 basophilic granulocyte basophilic leukocyte basophil LMHA:00090 LMHA:00135 cell types LMHA:00135 CL:0002320 LMMA:00136 LMHA:00136 A group of cells derived from embryonic mesoderm (mesenchyme) that includes fibroblasts, cartilage cells, adipocytes, smooth muscle cells and bone cells. connective tissue cell LMHA:00136 LMHA:00137 MES MES mesenchymal cell LMHA:00137 BTO:0000249 LMMA:00141 LMHA:00141 A type of connective tissue cell that secretes and maintains the structural components of cartilage, primarily collagen and proteoglycans. true chondrocyte LMHA:00141 CL:0000064 LMMA:00142 LMHA:00142 A columnar epithelial cell with microscopic hair-like processes, i.e., motile cilia, that extend from the apical cell surface. These cells are found in the epithelia of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles), where they sweep mucous, dirt, dust, bacteria and other pathogens up and out of the lung, bronchi, and trachea. true ciliated cell LMHA:00142 CL:0000158 LMMA:00143 LMHA:00143 The club cell is a non-ciliated, dome-shaped, secretory cell with short microvilli and abundant secretory granules. Its secretory proteins function to protect the bronchiolar epithelium from environmental toxins/irritants. The club cell also has the capacity for self-renewal (maintenance of a progenitor cell pool) and regeneration of the bronchiolar epithelium after injury. true Clara cell bronchiolar exocrine cell nonciliated secretory cell club cell LMHA:00143 LMMA:00146 LMHA:00146 An epithelial cell located in the ducts (tube-like structures) that transport seromucous secretions from the submucosal glands to the lumen of the upper trachea in the mouse and to the lumen of the cartilaginous airways in the human. collecting duct cell LMHA:00146 CL:0000738 LMMA:00150 LMHA:00150 dendritic cell LMHA:00150 LMHA:00161 END A mesenchymal-derived, polygonal, rounded, flat, or squamous (scale-like) cell that lines the inner (luminal) surface of the blood vessels and lymphaic vessels. These cells contain vimentin filaments and are held together by junctional complexes to form a thin, continuous, endothelial cell layer or sheath (endothelium). END endothelial cell LMHA:00161 CL:0000771 LMMA:00163 LMHA:00163 eosinophil LMHA:00163 LMHA:00164 EPI Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming single or mutliple cell layers or sheets (epithelia). Epithelial cells lining the respiratory system are derived from endoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified by cell shape into squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional epithelial cells. They have a cytoskeleton that allows for tight cell-to-cell contact and cell polarity. EPI epithelial cell LMHA:00164 LMHA:00169 A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules. Flattened and irregular in outline with Branching_parting processes; appear fusiform or spindle-shaped. true fibroblast LMHA:00169 CL:0000094 LMMA:00179 LMHA:00179 granulocyte LMHA:00179 CL:0000235 LMMA:00182 LMHA:00182 MCL histiocyte macrophage LMHA:00182 CL:0000738 LMMA:00185 LMHA:00185 MIC MIC leukocyte white blood cell immune cell LMHA:00185 LMHA:00188 intermediate fibroblast 1 LMHA:00188 LMHA:00189 intermediate fibroblast 2 LMHA:00189 LMHA:00192 A mesenchymal-derived, connective tissue cell located in the interstitial space (i.e., interstitium or connective tissue compartments) of the lung. mesenchymal cell interstitial cell LMHA:00192 LMMA:00209 LMHA:00209 Lipid-containing interstitial cell located in the alveolar septum (wall). The lipofibroblast transfers neutral lipid (tryglyceride) from the capillaries to the type II pneumocyte for the synthesis of surfactant phopholipids. It also synthesizes ECM proteins, such as collagen and elastin, and contains intermediate contractile filaments. true lipofibroblast LMHA:00209 LMHA:00213 lung tissue macrophage pulmonary interstitial macrophage interstitial macrophage LMHA:00213 CL:0002138 LMMA:00216 LMHA:00216 END LYM A mesenchymal-derived, squamous (flat), endothelial cell that lines the inner (i.e., luminal) surface of lymphatic vessels, forming a continuous, thin, endothelial cell layer or sheath (endothelium). true lymphatic endothelial cell LMHA:00216 CL:0000542 LMMA:00223 LMHA:00223 lymphocyte LMHA:00223 CL:0000583 LMMA:00226 LMHA:00226 MCL true alveolar duct lumen tissue macrophage alveolar macrophage LMHA:00226 CL:0000097 LMMA:00227 LMHA:00227 mast cell LMHA:00227 LMHA:00230 MSC An undifferentiated stromal cell with the ability to develop into the cells that form distinct mesenchymal tissues; such as bone, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatic tissue. mesenchymal stromal cell LMHA:00230 CL:0000077 LMMA:00231 LMHA:00231 A flat cell of mesenchymal origin that forms the superficial layer of the serosal membranes lining the body cavities of the abdomen and thorax. true mesothelial cell LMHA:00231 CL:0000576 LMMA:00233 LMHA:00233 monocyte LMHA:00233 LMMA:00238 MESH:D009077 LMHA:00238 An epithelial cell that produces and secretes mucin, a substance containing mucopolysaacharides and protein, whch protects the epithelial cell surface. Mucous cells are found predominantely in the submucosal glands of the trachea and more rarely in the epithelum of the cartilaginous airways. true mucous cell mucus cell LMHA:00238 CL:0000766 LMMA:00241 LMHA:00241 A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, or mast cell lineage. myeloid leukocyte LMHA:00241 BTO:0002309 LMMA:00242 LMHA:00242 A contractile cell found between secretory cells and basement membrane of the seromucus glands located in the submucosa of the upper trachea in the mouse and human. Each myoepithelial cell has long cytoplasmic processes that wrap around a secretory unit (acinus, or smalll cluster of cells with a central lumen). The contraction of the myoepithelial processes forces the secretory product from the secretory unit into its duct. myoepithelial cell LMHA:00242 BTO:0001946 LMMA:00243 LMHA:00243 A stromal cell combining the features of a fibroblast and a smooth muscle cell, such as alpha-smooth-muscle-actin positive, contractile myofilaments true myofibroblast LMHA:00243 CL:0000623 LMMA:00245 LMHA:00245 NKC large granular lymphocyte non-T, non-B lymphocyte natural killer cell LMHA:00245 CL:0000165 LMMA:00252 LMHA:00252 An endocrine cell that produces and secretes neurotransmitters and neuropeptide hormones in response to neuronal signals. In the lung, these cells are found as single cells or in cell clusters (neuroepithelial bodies) and are located in the epithelium of the conducting airways, including trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. true neuroendocrine cell LMHA:00252 MESH:D046568 LMHA:00253 true Innervated clusters of NEUROEPITHELIAL CELLS found in the LUNGS. They act as airway OXYGEN sensors, releasing regulatory PEPTIDES and SEROTONIN in response to HYPOXIA. neuroepithelial body LMHA:00253 CL:0000775 LMMA:00256 LMHA:00256 neutrophil LMHA:00256 LMHA:00260 END nonspecific endothelial cell LMHA:00260 CL:0000669 LMHA:00273 alveolar capillary endothelium alveolar interstitial cell Unique slender cells with multiple processes extending along the capillary vessel and encircling the vascular wall to form a net around the vessel. These cells are embedded in the basement membrane shared with the endothelial cells of the vessel. They are are important in maintaining vessel integrity, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. true pericyte LMHA:00273 LMHA:00282 proliferative mesenchymal progenitor LMHA:00282 CL:0000218 LMMA:00338 LMHA:00338 A supporting cell of the peripheral nervous system, derived from neural crest cells, which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons and is required for nerve maintenance and function. Schwann cell neuroglial cell glial cell LMHA:00338 CL:0000313 LMMA:00340 LMHA:00340 An epithelial cell that produces and secretes water, electrolytes, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant molecules, which protects the epithelial surrface. Serous cells are found predominantely in the submucosal glands of the trachea and more rarely in the epithelum of the cartilaginous airways. serous cell LMHA:00340 CL:0000192 LMMA:00343 LMHA:00343 A non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped, involuntary contractile cell found in internal organs and blood vessels. Smooth muscle cells are found in the walls of the conducting airways (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) and of the pulmonary and bronchial blood vessels (vascular smooth muscle). true smooth muscle cell LMHA:00343 CL:0000084 LMMA:00354 LMHA:00354 T cell T lymphocyte LMHA:00354 LMMA:00356 MESH:D000067170 LMHA:00356 The telocyte is a type of fibroblast (interstitial/connective tissue cell) that has a small oval-shaped cell body with multiple (1-5), thin, elongated telopods (cytoplasmic extensions) that can be up to 100-microns long. These cells are C-KIT positive and are associated with morphogenesis and local tissue homeostasis. telocyte LMHA:00356 LMMA:00378 LMHA:00378 A fibroblast found in the connective tissue layer located immediately under the vascular endothelium in the tunica intima of blood vessels. subendothelial connective tissue cell LMHA:00378 CL:0002062 LMMA:00379 LMHA:00379 EP1 A thin, flat or squamous ("scale-like") alveolar epithelial cell, covering ~95% of the surface area of each alveolus, that facilitates gas exchange across the alveolar wall (septum), i.e., between the alveolus (airspace) and the capillary network. true AEC1 AT1 cell ATI cell alveolar type 1 cell alveolar type I cell alveolar type I epithelial cell lung type 1 cell pulmonary alveolar type I cell squamous alveolar cell squamous alveolar lining cell type I alveolar cell type I alveolar epithelial cell type I pneumocyte LMHA:00379 CL:0002063 LMMA:00381 LMHA:00381 EP2 A cuboidal-like, alveolar epithelial cell that synthesizes, stores, secretes, and recycles pulmonary surfactant phospholipids and proteins, substances that reduce the surface tension in the alveolus. Pulmonary surfactant is stored in lipid-rich lamellar bodies, a distinctive feature of this cell type.. The type II pneumocyte is also capable of cell division and can repopulate the alveolar epitheium after injury, differentiating into type I pneumocytes. Although this cell type covers less than 5% of the alveolar surface, it represents 60% of all alveolar epithelial cells. true AT2 cell ATII cell TII (type II) alveolar epithelial type II cell alveolar type II cell cuboidal type II cell granular pneumocyte lung type 2 cell type 2 alveolar epithelial cell type 2 pneumocyte type II alveolar cell type II alveolar epithelial cell type II pneumocyte LMHA:00381 LMMA:00384 LMHA:00384 true general epithelial cell nonspecific epithelial cell unclassified epithelial cell LMHA:00384 LMHA:00387 MES MFI This term is used to describe a mesenchymal cell that cannot be classified under an existing cell type. true Mesenchymal cell, unclassified unclassified mesenchymal cell LMHA:00387 CL:0002139 LMMA:00392 LMHA:00392 END An endothelial cell of the vascular tree, which includes blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. true vascular endothelial cell LMHA:00392 CL:0002089 LMMA:00437 LMHA:00437 nuocyte LMHA:00437 CL:0000107 LMMA:00521 LMHA:00521 A neuron whose cell body is located within an autonomic ganglion, i.e., part of a cluster of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Its purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses between the central nervous system and its target organs/tissues. autonomic ganglion cell autonomic ganglion neuron neuron neuronal cell autonomic neuron LMHA:00521 LMHA:00524 intermediate airway progenitor cell LMHA:00524 BTO:0000392 CL:0000786 FMA:70574 LMMA:00677 LMHA:00574 BCL A terminally differentiated, post-mitotic, antibody secreting cell of the B cell lineage with the phenotype CD138-positive, surface immunonoglobulin-negative, and MHC Class II-negative. Plasma cells are oval or round with extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, a well-developed Golgi apparatus, and a round nucleus having a characteristic cartwheel heterochromatin pattern and are devoted to producing large amounts of immunoglobulin. Plasma cells develop in the spleen and migrate to the bone marrow. Plasma cells are also reportedly CD5-negative, CD10-negative, CD19-positive, CD20-negative, CD21-negative, CD22-negative, CD23-negative, CD24-negative, CD25-negative, CD27-positive, CD34-negative, CD38-positive, CD40-positive, CD43-positive, CD45-positive, CD48-positive, CD53-low, CD80-negative, CD81-positive, CD86-positive, CD95-positive, CD196-negative, CD229-positive, CD270-positive, CD352-positive, CD361-positive, and IgD-negative. Transcription factors: BLIMP1-positive, IRF4-positive, PAX5-negative, SpiB-negative, Ets1-negative, and XBP1-positive. An epithelial cell that lines the peripheral gas exchange region (epithelial lining of the alveolar duct and alveoli) of the lungs. Includes both alveolar type I and type II pneumocytes. mature B lymphocyte CL:0000786 plasma cell LMHA:00574 CL:0002328 LMMA:00591 LMHA:00577 bronchial epithelial cell LMHA:00577 LMHA:00582 An epithelial cell that lines the intrapulmonary conducting airway, or bronchioles. The more proximal bronchioles are lined predominantly by ciliated cells with a greater proportion of club cells in the distal bronchioles. terminal bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00582 CL:0000307 LMMA:00590 LMHA:00583 tracheal epithelial cell LMHA:00583 LMHA:00584 bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00584 FMA:62499 LMMA:00574 LMHA:00586 alveolar epithelial cell LMHA:00586 LMHA:00598 true proliferative interstitial cell LMHA:00598 LMHA:00607 true proliferative fibroblast LMHA:00607 BTO:0001096 LMMA:00614 LMHA:00614 lymphoid cell LMHA:00614 CL:0000232 LMMA:00619 LMHA:00622 erythrocyte LMHA:00622 CL:0001065 LMMA:00620 LMHA:00623 innate lymphoid cell LMHA:00623 LMHA:00629 respiratory bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00629 LMHA:00630 membranous bronchiolar epithelial cell LMHA:00630 CL:0000868 LMMA:00698 LMHA:00681 mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue macrophage LMHA:00681 LMHA:00685 reticular cell LMHA:00685 LMHA:00691 muscle cell LMHA:00691 CL:0000081 LMMA:00692 LMHA:00692 blood cell LMHA:00692 LMHA:00693 submucosal gland duct epithelial cell LMHA:00693 LMHA:00694 submucosal gland epithelial cell LMHA:00694 LMHA:00716 mesenchymal cell CD140+ cells mesenchymal derived cell LMHA:00716 LMHA:00804 END An endothelial cell of the atrerial blood vessels. true arterial endothelial cell LMHA:00804 LMHA:00805 END An endothelial cell of the venous blood vessels. true venous endothelial cell LMHA:00805 Cell Ontology for Human Lung Maturation part of Gail H. Deutsch Huaqin Pan NHLBI Molecular Atlas of Lung Development Program Consortium Ontology Subcommittee Susan E Wert