FENICS:R3Kr2TGkTE2Cs3wLLgOUHN R3Kr2TGkTE2Cs3wLLgOUHN Mild-moder depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift)@en-us mild-moder depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift) mild-moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift) mild-moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift)@en-us r3 kr2 t gk t e2 cs3w l lg o u h n R3Kr2TGkTE2Cs3wLLgOUHN FENICS:R6Gg6Rc5Xl21OllEzn2N3h R6Gg6Rc5Xl21OllEzn2N3h Depolar shift of voltag depend of slow inactiv (right shift)@en-us depolar shift of voltag depend of slow inactiv (right shift) depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of slow inactivation (right shift) depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of slow inactivation (right shift)@en-us r6 gg6 rc5 xl21 oll ezn2 n3h R6Gg6Rc5Xl21OllEzn2N3h FENICS:R6mSCTdmZqoFcoMx49ADHU R6mSCTdmZqoFcoMx49ADHU Normal persist current@en-us normal persist current normal persistent current normal persistent current@en-us r6m s c tdm zqo fco mx49 a d h u R6mSCTdmZqoFcoMx49ADHU FENICS:R72fldK4dv27Jf7NqXalgS5 R72fldK4dv27Jf7NqXalgS5 Moder increas in peak current@en-us moder increas in peak current moderate increase in peak current moderate increase in peak current@en-us r72fld k4dv27 jf7 nq xalg s5 R72fldK4dv27Jf7NqXalgS5 FENICS:R768x3xvHhzBT7WwmpcMUaP R768x3xvHhzBT7WwmpcMUaP Overal mix or unclear function effect due to neuron network properties@en-us overal mix or unclear function effect due to neuron network properti overall mixed or unclear functional effect due to neuronal network properties overall mixed or unclear functional effect due to neuronal network properties@en-us r768x3xv hhz b t7 wwmpc m ua p R768x3xvHhzBT7WwmpcMUaP FENICS:R787B5RAMG9oetmadppgGCh R787B5RAMG9oetmadppgGCh Decreas in slope of inactivation@en-us decreas in slope of inactiv decrease in slope of inactivation decrease in slope of inactivation@en-us r787 b5 r a m g9oetmadppg g ch R787B5RAMG9oetmadppgGCh FENICS:R7J2tm52qaQH1SwgcywsIqQ R7J2tm52qaQH1SwgcywsIqQ Overal normal function with respect of biophys channel activity@en-us overal normal function with respect of biophys channel activ overall normal function with respect of biophysical channel activity overall normal function with respect of biophysical channel activity@en-us r7 j2tm52qa q h1 swgcyw iq q r7 j2tm52qa q h1 swgcyws iq q R7J2tm52qaQH1SwgcywsIqQ FENICS:R7KOr8G1xCnwPzwaON10MTm R7KOr8G1xCnwPzwaON10MTm Hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift)@en-us hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift) hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift) hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift)@en-us r7 k or8 g1x cnw pzwa o n10 m tm R7KOr8G1xCnwPzwaON10MTm FENICS:R7Q10ohyxQHPdcQsFmhC1Si R7Q10ohyxQHPdcQsFmhC1Si Overal assess of ion channel function@en-us overal assess of ion channel function overall assessment of ion channel function overall assessment of ion channel function@en-us r7 q10ohyx q h pdc qs fmh c1 si R7Q10ohyxQHPdcQsFmhC1Si FENICS:R7WY7lrtkRqG9NQvD8Fs7Lo R7WY7lrtkRqG9NQvD8Fs7Lo Sever decreas in peak current due to reduct in conductance@en-us r7 w y7lrtk rq g9 n qv d8 fs7 lo sever decreas in peak current due to reduct in conduct severe decrease in peak current due to reduction in conductance severe decrease in peak current due to reduction in conductance@en-us R7WY7lrtkRqG9NQvD8Fs7Lo FENICS:R7YvyEoR5sDyyQqL5j9dQoK R7YvyEoR5sDyyQqL5j9dQoK Effect on persist current@en-us effect on persist current effect on persistent current effect on persistent current@en-us r7 yvi eo r5s dyy qq l5j9d qo k r7 yvy eo r5s dyy qq l5j9d qo k R7YvyEoR5sDyyQqL5j9dQoK FENICS:R7dNr0622a5wBESQGcaLkZg R7dNr0622a5wBESQGcaLkZg Effect on compon of ion channel function@en-us effect on compon of ion channel function effect on component of ion channel function effect on component of ion channel function@en-us r7d nr0622a5w b e s q gca lk zg R7dNr0622a5wBESQGcaLkZg FENICS:R7eGXoO3n3Sj7LwciFM7iUY R7eGXoO3n3Sj7LwciFM7iUY Increas of subthreshold current@en-us increas of subthreshold current increase of subthreshold current increase of subthreshold current@en-us r7e g xo o3n3 sj7 lwci f m7i u y R7eGXoO3n3Sj7LwciFM7iUY FENICS:R7jOR4IAP4IwniBv4AwBnrm R7jOR4IAP4IwniBv4AwBnrm effect on peak current effect on peak current@en-us r7j o r4 i a p4 iwni bv4 aw bnrm R7jOR4IAP4IwniBv4AwBnrm FENICS:R7rZoUywSrlnsR2QEdxddqS R7rZoUywSrlnsR2QEdxddqS Normal recoveri from fast inactivation@en-us normal recoveri from fast inactiv normal recovery from fast inactivation normal recovery from fast inactivation@en-us r7r zo uyw srlns r2 q edxddq s R7rZoUywSrlnsR2QEdxddqS FENICS:R7xYGfLUETEAY1cGj6zqYjl R7xYGfLUETEAY1cGj6zqYjl normal slope of inactiv normal slope of inactivation normal slope of inactivation@en-us r7x y gf l u e t e a y1c gj6zq yjl R7xYGfLUETEAY1cGj6zqYjl FENICS:R7z6iE87cbBZePvVnmAKuLf R7z6iE87cbBZePvVnmAKuLf Overal loss-of-funct effect with respect to biophys channel activity@en-us overal loss-of-funct effect with respect to biophys channel activ overall loss-of-function effect with respect to biophysical channel activity overall loss-of-function effect with respect to biophysical channel activity@en-us r7z6i e87cb b ze pv vnm a ku lf R7z6iE87cbBZePvVnmAKuLf FENICS:R7zJvOsCc8GUzB5y46iKkAM R7zJvOsCc8GUzB5y46iKkAM Acceler of recoveri from slow inactivation@en-us acceler of recoveri from slow inactiv acceleration of recovery from slow inactivation acceleration of recovery from slow inactivation@en-us r7z jv os cc8 g uz b5y46i kk a m R7zJvOsCc8GUzB5y46iKkAM FENICS:R7zP9gQPx3KzITlYDUOFZfp R7zP9gQPx3KzITlYDUOFZfp Normal voltag depend of slow inactivation@en-us normal voltag depend of slow inactiv normal voltage dependence of slow inactivation normal voltage dependence of slow inactivation@en-us r7z p9g q px3 kz i tl y d u o f zfp R7zP9gQPx3KzITlYDUOFZfp FENICS:R80ryKpw9TZE2fSjbz1ykJ4 R80ryKpw9TZE2fSjbz1ykJ4 Mild impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us mild impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation) mild impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation) mild impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r80ri kpw9 t z e2f sjbz1yk j4 r80ry kpw9 t z e2f sjbz1yk j4 R80ryKpw9TZE2fSjbz1ykJ4 FENICS:R81aXvSVSyOYsrO0hq6JLkY R81aXvSVSyOYsrO0hq6JLkY Impairment or slow of rate in slow inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us impair or slow of rate in slow inactiv (tau inactivation) impairment or slowing of rate in slow inactivation (tau inactivation) impairment or slowing of rate in slow inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r81a xv s v sy o ysr o0hq6 j lk y R81aXvSVSyOYsrO0hq6JLkY FENICS:R82G1vBnkSQhiYsTT3hCskW R82G1vBnkSQhiYsTT3hCskW Increas in slope of activ (k)@en-us increas in slope of activ (k) increase in slope of activation (k) increase in slope of activation (k)@en-us r82 g1v bnk s qhi ys t t3h csk w R82G1vBnkSQhiYsTT3hCskW FENICS:R86071iVxOmUgj1ljXI9RwA R86071iVxOmUgj1ljXI9RwA Overal loss-of-function@en-us overal loss-of-funct overall loss-of-function overall loss-of-function@en-us r86071i vx om ugj1lj x i9 rw a R86071iVxOmUgj1ljXI9RwA FENICS:R89pOjwORB6pkvDW9u6hoXN R89pOjwORB6pkvDW9u6hoXN Overal normal function due to neuron network properties@en-us overal normal function due to neuron network properti overall normal function due to neuronal network properties overall normal function due to neuronal network properties@en-us r89p ojw o r b6pkv d w9u6ho x n R89pOjwORB6pkvDW9u6hoXN FENICS:R8CM4SZ0Of9GemoYjDN3wjj R8CM4SZ0Of9GemoYjDN3wjj Overal gain-of-funct effect due to single-cel neuron properties@en-us overal gain-of-funct effect due to single-cel neuron properti overall gain-of-function effect due to single-cell neuronal properties overall gain-of-function effect due to single-cell neuronal properties@en-us r8 c m4 s z0 of9 gemo yj d n3wjj R8CM4SZ0Of9GemoYjDN3wjj FENICS:R8IERLt4CJaeXzaPCOzquSB R8IERLt4CJaeXzaPCOzquSB Sever decreas in peak current due to reduc open probability@en-us r8 i e r lt4 c jae xza p c ozqu s b sever decreas in peak current due to reduc open probabl severe decrease in peak current due to reduced opening probability severe decrease in peak current due to reduced opening probability@en-us R8IERLt4CJaeXzaPCOzquSB FENICS:R8KPCoFR36aEEBnmaUBp1tV R8KPCoFR36aEEBnmaUBp1tV Increas in slope of inactivation@en-us increas in slope of inactiv increase in slope of inactivation increase in slope of inactivation@en-us r8 k p co f r36a e e bnma u bp1t v R8KPCoFR36aEEBnmaUBp1tV FENICS:R8KZofOQE10FYr0M6IpoJ72 R8KZofOQE10FYr0M6IpoJ72 Overal loss-of-funct effect due to single-cel neuron properties@en-us overal loss-of-funct effect due to single-cel neuron properti overall loss-of-function effect due to single-cell neuronal properties overall loss-of-function effect due to single-cell neuronal properties@en-us r8 k zof o q e10 f yr0 m6 ipo j72 R8KZofOQE10FYr0M6IpoJ72 FENICS:R8KqfFzWrSaU9t4uXABtJRK R8KqfFzWrSaU9t4uXABtJRK Effect on resurg current@en-us effect on resurg current effect on resurgent current effect on resurgent current@en-us r8 kqf fz wr sa u9t4u x a bt j r k R8KqfFzWrSaU9t4uXABtJRK FENICS:R8Kyj6yec26dDePPO9tgqV2 R8Kyj6yec26dDePPO9tgqV2 effect on ion channel modul effect on ion channel modulation effect on ion channel modulation@en-us r8 kyj6yec26d de p p o9tgq v2 R8Kyj6yec26dDePPO9tgqV2 FENICS:R8LYDXXexzlysXjoPyjBePm R8LYDXXexzlysXjoPyjBePm Moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift)@en-us moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift) moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift) moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift)@en-us r8 l y d x xexzli xjo pyj be pm r8 l y d x xexzlys xjo pyj be pm R8LYDXXexzlysXjoPyjBePm FENICS:R8LbtdmDXmdcSOQY3QnvrYf R8LbtdmDXmdcSOQY3QnvrYf hodgin-huxley-model hodgin-huxley-modeling hodgin-huxley-modeling@en-us r8 lbtdm d xmdc s o q y3 qnvr yf R8LbtdmDXmdcSOQY3QnvrYf FENICS:R8S5yVPOmxVdhhUOuyW4oyx R8S5yVPOmxVdhhUOuyW4oyx Sever increas in peak current@en-us r8 s5i v p omx vdhh u ouy w4oyx r8 s5y v p omx vdhh u ouy w4oyx sever increas in peak current severe increase in peak current severe increase in peak current@en-us R8S5yVPOmxVdhhUOuyW4oyx FENICS:R8asTBmmgK6PYqOlvlLtgpz R8asTBmmgK6PYqOlvlLtgpz Mild hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift)@en-us mild hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift) mild hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift) mild hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift)@en-us r8as t bmmg k6 p yq olvl ltgpz R8asTBmmgK6PYqOlvlLtgpz FENICS:R8boLFt6478JfJZLRmWETDi R8boLFt6478JfJZLRmWETDi Moder depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift)@en-us moder depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift) moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift) moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift)@en-us r8bo l ft6478 jf j z l rm w e t di R8boLFt6478JfJZLRmWETDi FENICS:R8elYee9oFnTyzGLbmLUaeO R8elYee9oFnTyzGLbmLUaeO Effect on gating-por current@en-us effect on gating-por current effect on gating-pore current effect on gating-pore current@en-us r8el yee9o fn tyz g lbm l uae o R8elYee9oFnTyzGLbmLUaeO FENICS:R8fyxz5nx0mgxsMOtEoRmWk R8fyxz5nx0mgxsMOtEoRmWk Impairment or slow in rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation) impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation) impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us r8fyxz5nx0mgx m ot eo rm wk r8fyxz5nx0mgxs m ot eo rm wk R8fyxz5nx0mgxsMOtEoRmWk FENICS:R8hFpMkdFDIganHQtA3nbJV R8hFpMkdFDIganHQtA3nbJV Effect on rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us effect on rate of activ (tau activation) effect on rate of activation (tau activation) effect on rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us r8h fp mkd f d igan h qt a3nb j v R8hFpMkdFDIganHQtA3nbJV FENICS:R8iqSYdEKz3pshaN6jwoBjg R8iqSYdEKz3pshaN6jwoBjg Mild-moder deceler or slow in recoveri from fast inactivation@en-us mild-moder deceler or slow in recoveri from fast inactiv mild-moderate deceleration or slowing in recovery from fast inactivation mild-moderate deceleration or slowing in recovery from fast inactivation@en-us r8iq s yd e kz3psha n6jwo bjg R8iqSYdEKz3pshaN6jwoBjg FENICS:R8oN6Lr9gpAWFhWBexO3rhu R8oN6Lr9gpAWFhWBexO3rhu Effect on voltag depend of fast inactiv (V1/2)@en-us effect on voltag depend of fast inactiv (v1/2) effect on voltage dependence of fast inactivation (v1/2) effect on voltage dependence of fast inactivation (v1/2)@en-us r8o n6 lr9gp a w fh w bex o3rhu R8oN6Lr9gpAWFhWBexO3rhu FENICS:R8tC7DUKEOwvWvpkJDURZZk R8tC7DUKEOwvWvpkJDURZZk Effect on rate of slow inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us effect on rate of slow inactiv (tau inactivation) effect on rate of slow inactivation (tau inactivation) effect on rate of slow inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r8t c7 d u k e owv wvpk j d u r z zk R8tC7DUKEOwvWvpkJDURZZk FENICS:R8tp5Ovyd4qcM5Kfw7lDZCs R8tp5Ovyd4qcM5Kfw7lDZCs Normal entri into slow inactivation@en-us normal entri into slow inactiv normal entry into slow inactivation normal entry into slow inactivation@en-us r8tp5 ovyd4qc m5 kfw7l d z cs R8tp5Ovyd4qcM5Kfw7lDZCs FENICS:R918FRlaBUyZMXc8koNdkxQ R918FRlaBUyZMXc8koNdkxQ Hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift)@en-us hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift) hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift) hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift)@en-us r918 f rla b uy z m xc8ko ndkx q R918FRlaBUyZMXc8koNdkxQ FENICS:R989oVaOLlRTh0b3roVWMYa R989oVaOLlRTh0b3roVWMYa Compon lead to Loss-of-Funct (LoF)@en-us compon lead to loss-of-funct (lof) component leading to loss-of-function (lof) component leading to loss-of-function (lof)@en-us r989o va o ll r th0b3ro v w m ya R989oVaOLlRTh0b3roVWMYa FENICS:R99KATlEV5UUOxmTthHewYy R99KATlEV5UUOxmTthHewYy Effect on shift of voltag depend of activ effect on shift of voltag depend of activ effect on shift of voltage dependence of activation r99 k a tl e v5 u u oxm tth hew yy R99KATlEV5UUOxmTthHewYy FENICS:R9GXFE2OawwbLewohMEJYng R9GXFE2OawwbLewohMEJYng Presenc of abnorm gate pore current@en-us presenc of abnorm gate pore current presence of abnormal gating pore current presence of abnormal gating pore current@en-us r9 g x f e2 oawwb lewoh m e j yng R9GXFE2OawwbLewohMEJYng FENICS:R9HYQpAlzBNEVxccrGnZUKO R9HYQpAlzBNEVxccrGnZUKO Normal recoveri from slow inactivation@en-us normal recoveri from slow inactiv normal recovery from slow inactivation normal recovery from slow inactivation@en-us r9 h y qp alz b n e vxccr gn z u k o R9HYQpAlzBNEVxccrGnZUKO FENICS:R9NOUr9iWj3sPK7GlxuC6dy R9NOUr9iWj3sPK7GlxuC6dy Mild increas in peak current@en-us mild increas in peak current mild increase in peak current mild increase in peak current@en-us r9 n o ur9i wj3s p k7 glxu c6di r9 n o ur9i wj3s p k7 glxu c6dy R9NOUr9iWj3sPK7GlxuC6dy FENICS:R9SbYpUEIgenr1NAQGsVJLA R9SbYpUEIgenr1NAQGsVJLA Effect on voltag depend of fast inactivation@en-us effect on voltag depend of fast inactiv effect on voltage dependence of fast inactivation effect on voltage dependence of fast inactivation@en-us r9 sb yp u e igenr1 n a q gs v j l a R9SbYpUEIgenr1NAQGsVJLA FENICS:R9Up0isZLT8RDpuQWBovMas R9Up0isZLT8RDpuQWBovMas Moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift)@en-us moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift) moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift) moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift)@en-us r9 up0i z l t8 r dpu q w bov mas r9 up0is z l t8 r dpu q w bov mas R9Up0isZLT8RDpuQWBovMas FENICS:R9YmpNJrUqHfe8VU8jjemmJ R9YmpNJrUqHfe8VU8jjemmJ Sever decreas in peak current@en-us r9 ymp n jr uq hfe8 v u8jjemm j sever decreas in peak current severe decrease in peak current severe decrease in peak current@en-us R9YmpNJrUqHfe8VU8jjemmJ FENICS:R9Z6wISzLzKf2jr6s67a677 R9Z6wISzLzKf2jr6s67a677 Moder impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us moder impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation) moderate impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation) moderate impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r9 z6w i sz lz kf2jr6s67a677 R9Z6wISzLzKf2jr6s67a677 FENICS:R9ZPhGuiK6bJRYHFi2PqXZJ R9ZPhGuiK6bJRYHFi2PqXZJ Normal rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us normal rate of activ (tau activation) normal rate of activation (tau activation) normal rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us r9 z ph gui k6b j r y h fi2 pq x z j R9ZPhGuiK6bJRYHFi2PqXZJ FENICS:R9ZUbOgKjGPPQ9CPTMGPh9f R9ZUbOgKjGPPQ9CPTMGPh9f Sever deceler or slow in recoveri from fast inactivation@en-us r9 z ub og kj g p p q9 c p t m g ph9f sever deceler or slow in recoveri from fast inactiv severe deceleration or slowing in recovery from fast inactivation severe deceleration or slowing in recovery from fast inactivation@en-us R9ZUbOgKjGPPQ9CPTMGPh9f FENICS:R9sk2fOWBMQbWVog5qqITs7 R9sk2fOWBMQbWVog5qqITs7 Depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift)@en-us depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift) depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift) depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift)@en-us r9sk2f o w b m qb w vog5qq i ts7 R9sk2fOWBMQbWVog5qqITs7 FENICS:R9vNK7NGPSBEp5FQ7nMB7Z2 R9vNK7NGPSBEp5FQ7nMB7Z2 Decreas of subthreshold current@en-us decreas of subthreshold current decrease of subthreshold current decrease of subthreshold current@en-us r9v n k7 n g p s b ep5 f q7n m b7 z2 R9vNK7NGPSBEp5FQ7nMB7Z2 FENICS:R9wEM2OxcV4ZL1GcpqWaE52 R9wEM2OxcV4ZL1GcpqWaE52 Overal gain-of-function@en-us overal gain-of-funct overall gain-of-function overall gain-of-function@en-us r9w e m2 oxc v4 z l1 gcpq wa e52 R9wEM2OxcV4ZL1GcpqWaE52 FENICS:R9wmRpum1ZjBHKOc0cthMrv R9wmRpum1ZjBHKOc0cthMrv Depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift)@en-us depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift) depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift) depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift)@en-us r9wm rpum1 zj b h k oc0cth mrv R9wmRpum1ZjBHKOc0cthMrv FENICS:RB39ECWMLncqVLZXtTVSuW3 RB39ECWMLncqVLZXtTVSuW3 Effect on slope of slow inactiv (k)@en-us effect on slope of slow inactiv (k) effect on slope of slow inactivation (k) effect on slope of slow inactivation (k)@en-us r b39 e c w m lncq v l z xt t v su w3 RB39ECWMLncqVLZXtTVSuW3 FENICS:RBBfmTmxXmWBRBGEeKe7r0O RBBfmTmxXmWBRBGEeKe7r0O Effect on recoveri from fast inactivation@en-us effect on recoveri from fast inactiv effect on recovery from fast inactivation effect on recovery from fast inactivation@en-us r b bfm tmx xm w b r b g ee ke7r0 o RBBfmTmxXmWBRBGEeKe7r0O FENICS:RBH2UZNWWHmsOgLS1XKdf8N RBH2UZNWWHmsOgLS1XKdf8N Normal resurg current@en-us normal resurg current normal resurgent current normal resurgent current@en-us r b h2 u z n w w hms og l s1 x kdf8 n RBH2UZNWWHmsOgLS1XKdf8N FENICS:RBIy27OxlnSdZXc0c2teiZD RBIy27OxlnSdZXc0c2teiZD normal peak current normal peak current@en-us r b iy27 oxln sd z xc0c2tei z d RBIy27OxlnSdZXc0c2teiZD FENICS:RBJ0Krtjy03lvhvCmwvnsjZ RBJ0Krtjy03lvhvCmwvnsjZ Acceler or increas in rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us acceler or increas in rate of activ (tau activation) acceleration or increase in rate of activation (tau activation) acceleration or increase in rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us r b j0 krtjy03lvhv cmwvnsj z RBJ0Krtjy03lvhvCmwvnsjZ FENICS:RBJiFsljKf9Ot340DhQvUT RBJiFsljKf9Ot340DhQvUT Effect on ion channel function involv multipl biophys properties@en-us effect on ion channel function involv multipl biophys properti effect on ion channel function involving multiple biophysical properties effect on ion channel function involving multiple biophysical properties@en-us r b ji fslj kf9 ot340 dh qv u t RBJiFsljKf9Ot340DhQvUT FENICS:RBKM326sr6YtbqsamE9pEtf RBKM326sr6YtbqsamE9pEtf Normal fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us normal fast inactiv (tau inactivation) normal fast inactivation (tau inactivation) normal fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r b k m326sr6 ytbqsam e9p etf RBKM326sr6YtbqsamE9pEtf FENICS:RBNgNEEXTwqRuFYweKcutxe RBNgNEEXTwqRuFYweKcutxe Increas in persist current@en-us increas in persist current increase in persistent current increase in persistent current@en-us r b ng n e e x twq ru f ywe kcutx r b ng n e e x twq ru f ywe kcutxe RBNgNEEXTwqRuFYweKcutxe FENICS:RBOVqte4ccjmqTJAI8jkV44 RBOVqte4ccjmqTJAI8jkV44 Normal slope of activ (k)@en-us normal slope of activ (k) normal slope of activation (k) normal slope of activation (k)@en-us r b o vqte4ccjmq t j a i8jk v44 RBOVqte4ccjmqTJAI8jkV44 FENICS:RBRr02cNOD5wl0pS44hXqqX RBRr02cNOD5wl0pS44hXqqX Mild-moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift)@en-us mild-moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift) mild-moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift) mild-moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift)@en-us r b rr02c n o d5wl0p s44h xqq x RBRr02cNOD5wl0pS44hXqqX FENICS:RBSKgEYTBWMuaYGCUWF6iOv RBSKgEYTBWMuaYGCUWF6iOv Overal loss-of-funct effect due to neuron network properties@en-us overal loss-of-funct effect due to neuron network properti overall loss-of-function effect due to neuronal network properties overall loss-of-function effect due to neuronal network properties@en-us r b s kg e y t b w mua y g c u w f6i ov RBSKgEYTBWMuaYGCUWF6iOv FENICS:RBSg2tM1FbJBOPZrJ3Ipe0G RBSg2tM1FbJBOPZrJ3Ipe0G Mild depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift)@en-us mild depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift) mild depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift) mild depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift)@en-us r b sg2t m1 fb j b o p zr j3 ipe0 g RBSg2tM1FbJBOPZrJ3Ipe0G FENICS:RBWAIKiQem63yDopljeSmcj RBWAIKiQem63yDopljeSmcj Compon lead to Gain-of-Funct (GoF)@en-us compon lead to gain-of-funct (gof) component leading to gain-of-function (gof) component leading to gain-of-function (gof)@en-us r b w a i ki qem63i doplj smcj r b w a i ki qem63y doplje smcj RBWAIKiQem63yDopljeSmcj FENICS:RBdbOghIxdzmUv1FRMZcqMy RBdbOghIxdzmUv1FRMZcqMy Sever impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us r bdb ogh ixdzm uv1 f r m zcq my sever impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation) severe impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation) severe impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us RBdbOghIxdzmUv1FRMZcqMy FENICS:RBeZ7v8FkpfoCRDKvHZD936 RBeZ7v8FkpfoCRDKvHZD936 Sever decreas in peak current to reduc traffick due to phosphorylation@en-us r be z7v8 fkpfo c r d kv h z d936 sever decreas in peak current to reduc traffick due to phosphoryl severe decrease in peak current to reduced trafficking due to phosphorylation severe decrease in peak current to reduced trafficking due to phosphorylation@en-us RBeZ7v8FkpfoCRDKvHZD936 FENICS:RBijWyJfrgnn2shZrQFKwyM RBijWyJfrgnn2shZrQFKwyM Decreas in peak current@en-us decreas in peak current decrease in peak current decrease in peak current@en-us r bij wy jfrgnn2sh zr q f kwi m r bij wy jfrgnn2sh zr q f kwy m RBijWyJfrgnn2shZrQFKwyM FENICS:RBjmWtBKwt8nrHDyuxb6Nug RBjmWtBKwt8nrHDyuxb6Nug No shift in voltag depend of activation@en-us no shift in voltag depend of activ no shift in voltage dependence of activation no shift in voltage dependence of activation@en-us r bjm wt b kwt8nr h dyuxb6 nug RBjmWtBKwt8nrHDyuxb6Nug FENICS:RBoUVhAjinxgCZHvQei6QsT RBoUVhAjinxgCZHvQei6QsT Decreas in slope of activ (k)@en-us decreas in slope of activ (k) decrease in slope of activation (k) decrease in slope of activation (k)@en-us r bo u vh ajinxg c z hv qei6 qs t RBoUVhAjinxgCZHvQei6QsT FENICS:RBp4HSri5YtkrPJguFjDAxP RBp4HSri5YtkrPJguFjDAxP Mild increas in persist current@en-us mild increas in persist current mild increase in persistent current mild increase in persistent current@en-us r bp4 h sri5 ytkr p jgu fj d ax p RBp4HSri5YtkrPJguFjDAxP FENICS:RBx87cocPenIzmpmFJRAE8E RBx87cocPenIzmpmFJRAE8E Acceler or increas in fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us acceler or increas in fast inactiv (tau inactivation) acceleration or increase in fast inactivation (tau inactivation) acceleration or increase in fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r bx87coc pen izmpm f j r a e8 e RBx87cocPenIzmpmFJRAE8E FENICS:RByNptA431wiEbrBZa4Y14U RByNptA431wiEbrBZa4Y14U Moder increas in persist current@en-us moder increas in persist current moderate increase in persistent current moderate increase in persistent current@en-us r by npt a431wi ebr b za4 y14 u RByNptA431wiEbrBZa4Y14U FENICS:RC3aErf3GasgglmgYMcpS4n RC3aErf3GasgglmgYMcpS4n Acceler of recoveri from fast inactivation@en-us acceler of recoveri from fast inactiv acceleration of recovery from fast inactivation acceleration of recovery from fast inactivation@en-us r c3a erf3 gasgglmg y mcp s4n RC3aErf3GasgglmgYMcpS4n FENICS:RC3cyZOGS7bJrI8gBqDaHzo RC3cyZOGS7bJrI8gBqDaHzo Moder depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift)@en-us moder depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift) moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift) moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift)@en-us r c3ci z o g s7b jr i8g bq da hzo r c3cy z o g s7b jr i8g bq da hzo RC3cyZOGS7bJrI8gBqDaHzo FENICS:RC7JvpnEA0enGEJxIIdz4c RC7JvpnEA0enGEJxIIdz4c Sever impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us r c7 jvpn e a0en g e jx i idz4c sever impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation) severe impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation) severe impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us RC7JvpnEA0enGEJxIIdz4c FENICS:RC7UYgJd2o0EeyLF1F20qZG RC7UYgJd2o0EeyLF1F20qZG Mild depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift)@en-us mild depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift) mild depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift) mild depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift)@en-us r c7 u yg jd2o0 eey l f1 f20q z g RC7UYgJd2o0EeyLF1F20qZG FENICS:RCCYzTbbm9jGGdBAcyrpQbn RCCYzTbbm9jGGdBAcyrpQbn Acceler entri into slow inactivation@en-us acceler entri into slow inactiv accelerated entry into slow inactivation accelerated entry into slow inactivation@en-us r c c yz tbbm9j g gd b acyrp qbn RCCYzTbbm9jGGdBAcyrpQbn FENICS:RCEWxMPvxnLPQFI7e1TeyDC RCEWxMPvxnLPQFI7e1TeyDC Increas in resurg current@en-us increas in resurg current increase in resurgent current increase in resurgent current@en-us r c e wx m pvxn l p q f i7e1 tey d c RCEWxMPvxnLPQFI7e1TeyDC FENICS:RCJNYSXtzUQaxxxeigBc9rg RCJNYSXtzUQaxxxeigBc9rg Absenc of abnorm gate pore current@en-us absenc of abnorm gate pore current absence of abnormal gating pore current absence of abnormal gating pore current@en-us r c j n y s xtz u qaxxxeig bc9rg RCJNYSXtzUQaxxxeigBc9rg FENICS:RCQHSBGZT4JxStSfikvi8js RCQHSBGZT4JxStSfikvi8js Effect on entri into slow inactivation@en-us effect on entri into slow inactiv effect on entry into slow inactivation effect on entry into slow inactivation@en-us r c q h s b g z t4 jx st sfikvi8j r c q h s b g z t4 jx st sfikvi8js RCQHSBGZT4JxStSfikvi8js FENICS:RCQdh0b9O2PwzpekxN1WriE RCQdh0b9O2PwzpekxN1WriE Mild hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift)@en-us mild hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift) mild hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift) mild hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift)@en-us r c qdh0b9 o2 pwzpekx n1 wri e RCQdh0b9O2PwzpekxN1WriE FENICS:RCkkho6vZp3kuq92L9UxQ7x RCkkho6vZp3kuq92L9UxQ7x Compon lead to normal ion channel function@en-us compon lead to normal ion channel function component leading to normal ion channel function component leading to normal ion channel function@en-us r ckkho6v zp3kuq92 l9 ux q7x RCkkho6vZp3kuq92L9UxQ7x FENICS:RCvk5iSgbniWz9P4mjJsdlC RCvk5iSgbniWz9P4mjJsdlC Overal mix or unclear function effect not abl to be clear categor as Gain- or Loss-of-Function@en-us overal mix or unclear function effect not abl to be clear categor as gain- or loss-of-funct overall mixed or unclear functional effect not able to be clearly categorized as gain- or loss-of-function overall mixed or unclear functional effect not able to be clearly categorized as gain- or loss-of-function@en-us r cvk5i sgbni wz9 p4mj jsdl c RCvk5iSgbniWz9P4mjJsdlC FENICS:RCxkRIG6UqWPWVsBL3fvLdo RCxkRIG6UqWPWVsBL3fvLdo Effect on voltag depend of slow inactiv (V1/2)@en-us effect on voltag depend of slow inactiv (v1/2) effect on voltage dependence of slow inactivation (v1/2) effect on voltage dependence of slow inactivation (v1/2)@en-us r cxk r i g6 uq w p w vs b l3fv ldo RCxkRIG6UqWPWVsBL3fvLdo FENICS:RD0BDIIzgUe4mtGYW27xz6H RD0BDIIzgUe4mtGYW27xz6H Overal normal function due to single-cel neuron properties@en-us overal normal function due to single-cel neuron properti overall normal function due to single-cell neuronal properties overall normal function due to single-cell neuronal properties@en-us r d0 b d i izg ue4mt g y w27xz6 h RD0BDIIzgUe4mtGYW27xz6H FENICS:RD13eaB3fwGp3eE77vJf9J7 RD13eaB3fwGp3eE77vJf9J7 Increas of peak current@en-us increas of peak current increase of peak current increase of peak current@en-us r d13ea b3fw gp3e e77v jf9 j7 RD13eaB3fwGp3eE77vJf9J7 FENICS:RD4l3irGmoY9l24tfaycvl RD4l3irGmoY9l24tfaycvl Increas of decay in current amplitud in use dependence@en-us increas of decay in current amplitud in use depend increase of decay in current amplitude in use dependence increase of decay in current amplitude in use dependence@en-us r d4l3ir gmo y9l24tfaycvl RD4l3irGmoY9l24tfaycvl FENICS:RD8Pi69ieWp9K2OhT9WJEG RD8Pi69ieWp9K2OhT9WJEG Decreas of decay in current amplitud in use dependence@en-us decreas of decay in current amplitud in use depend decrease of decay in current amplitude in use dependence decrease of decay in current amplitude in use dependence@en-us r d8 pi69i wp9 k2 oh t9 w j e g r d8 pi69ie wp9 k2 oh t9 w j e g RD8Pi69ieWp9K2OhT9WJEG FENICS:RDFDJF4kvghH94F1afcua4w RDFDJF4kvghH94F1afcua4w Effect on slope of activ (k)@en-us effect on slope of activ (k) effect on slope of activation (k) effect on slope of activation (k)@en-us r d f d j f4kvgh h94 f1afcua4w RDFDJF4kvghH94F1afcua4w FENICS:RDGPKWNIULbpyxm7b0wIuii RDGPKWNIULbpyxm7b0wIuii Decreas in slope of slow inactivation@en-us decreas in slope of slow inactiv decrease in slope of slow inactivation decrease in slope of slow inactivation@en-us r d g p k w n i u lbpyxm7b0w iuii RDGPKWNIULbpyxm7b0wIuii FENICS:RDI44zpLiKB8U9OBgFIDIop RDI44zpLiKB8U9OBgFIDIop Effect on slope of inactiv (k)@en-us effect on slope of inactiv (k) effect on slope of inactivation (k) effect on slope of inactivation (k)@en-us r d i44zp li k b8 u9 o bg f i d iop RDI44zpLiKB8U9OBgFIDIop FENICS:RDM0lP4PmjUTUE8TDmx0vhO RDM0lP4PmjUTUE8TDmx0vhO Mild impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us mild impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation) mild impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation) mild impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us r d m0l p4 pmj u t u e8 t dmx0vh o RDM0lP4PmjUTUE8TDmx0vhO FENICS:RDN1HidwTo5yxEolQVUN1i2 RDN1HidwTo5yxEolQVUN1i2 Acceler or increas in rate of deactiv (tau deactivation)@en-us acceler or increas in rate of deactiv (tau deactivation) acceleration or increase in rate of deactivation (tau deactivation) acceleration or increase in rate of deactivation (tau deactivation)@en-us r d n1 hidw to5yx eol q v u n1i2 RDN1HidwTo5yxEolQVUN1i2 FENICS:RDTMAY4Nsd5P8hpcBUUypxU RDTMAY4Nsd5P8hpcBUUypxU Overal gain-of-funct effect due to neuron network properties@en-us overal gain-of-funct effect due to neuron network properti overall gain-of-function effect due to neuronal network properties overall gain-of-function effect due to neuronal network properties@en-us r d t m a y4 nsd5 p8hpc b u uypx u RDTMAY4Nsd5P8hpcBUUypxU FENICS:RDXWDoljWFzQfFl2YI7DCtA RDXWDoljWFzQfFl2YI7DCtA Effect on voltag depend of slow inactivation@en-us effect on voltag depend of slow inactiv effect on voltage dependence of slow inactivation effect on voltage dependence of slow inactivation@en-us r d x w dolj w fz qf fl2 y i7 d ct a RDXWDoljWFzQfFl2YI7DCtA FENICS:RDcpKlApCB4PPPBO6hjgl6m RDcpKlApCB4PPPBO6hjgl6m Sever depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift)@en-us r dcp kl ap c b4 p p p b o6hjgl6m sever depolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (right shift) severe depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift) severe depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (right shift)@en-us RDcpKlApCB4PPPBO6hjgl6m FENICS:RDnQOos7Y952sZBt7bCl2A RDnQOos7Y952sZBt7bCl2A Overal normal function@en-us overal normal function overall normal function overall normal function@en-us r dn q oos7 y952s z bt7b cl2 a RDnQOos7Y952sZBt7bCl2A FENICS:RDtSd8oWO4IYoQfAWZxQBNy RDtSd8oWO4IYoQfAWZxQBNy Overal gain-of-funct effect with respect to biophys channel activity@en-us overal gain-of-funct effect with respect to biophys channel activ overall gain-of-function effect with respect to biophysical channel activity overall gain-of-function effect with respect to biophysical channel activity@en-us r dt sd8o w o4 i yo qf a w zx q b ny RDtSd8oWO4IYoQfAWZxQBNy FENICS:RDuKs2x3U7Ftv1RPSUUW7bG RDuKs2x3U7Ftv1RPSUUW7bG Overal mix or unclear function effect with respect to biophys channel activity@en-us overal mix or unclear function effect with respect to biophys channel activ overall mixed or unclear functional effect with respect to biophysical channel activity overall mixed or unclear functional effect with respect to biophysical channel activity@en-us r du ks2x3 u7 ftv1 r p s u u w7b g RDuKs2x3U7Ftv1RPSUUW7bG FENICS:RDufCzpibYChlFwDOguxQBk RDufCzpibYChlFwDOguxQBk Acceler in rate of slow inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us acceler in rate of slow inactiv (tau inactivation) acceleration in rate of slow inactivation (tau inactivation) acceleration in rate of slow inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r duf czpib y chl fw d ogux q bk RDufCzpibYChlFwDOguxQBk FENICS:RDyQ9lJFRvp1SJ8SKR7BkGn RDyQ9lJFRvp1SJ8SKR7BkGn Effect on voltag depend of activation@en-us effect on voltag depend of activ effect on voltage dependence of activation effect on voltage dependence of activation@en-us r dy q9l j f rvp1 s j8 s k r7 bk gn RDyQ9lJFRvp1SJ8SKR7BkGn FENICS:RF33PdZrU9lQq5U6wsPKju RF33PdZrU9lQq5U6wsPKju Normal rate of deactiv (tau deactivation)@en-us normal rate of deactiv (tau deactivation) normal rate of deactivation (tau deactivation) normal rate of deactivation (tau deactivation)@en-us r f33 pd zr u9l qq5 u6w p kju r f33 pd zr u9l qq5 u6ws p kju RF33PdZrU9lQq5U6wsPKju FENICS:RFM4zJvoKLRdsir6FY0w37 RFM4zJvoKLRdsir6FY0w37 Sever increas in persist current@en-us r f m4z jvo k l rdsir6 f y0w37 sever increas in persist current severe increase in persistent current severe increase in persistent current@en-us RFM4zJvoKLRdsir6FY0w37 FENICS:RFfobOSwAuTUYKPE2tL5xf RFfobOSwAuTUYKPE2tL5xf normal slope of slow inactiv normal slope of slow inactivation normal slope of slow inactivation@en-us r ffob o sw au t u y k p e2t l5xf RFfobOSwAuTUYKPE2tL5xf FENICS:RGZCWQhcAEWq0SY26S5m5e RGZCWQhcAEWq0SY26S5m5e Normal voltag depend of inactivation@en-us normal voltag depend of inactiv normal voltage dependence of inactivation normal voltage dependence of inactivation@en-us r g z c w qhc a e wq0 s y26 s5m5e RGZCWQhcAEWq0SY26S5m5e FENICS:RM0V7djo7NgfCr6xB32iax RM0V7djo7NgfCr6xB32iax Mild decreas in peak current@en-us mild decreas in peak current mild decrease in peak current mild decrease in peak current@en-us r m0 v7djo7 ngf cr6x b32iax RM0V7djo7NgfCr6xB32iax FENICS:RMPJkbO62zkkObPHsJZpnf RMPJkbO62zkkObPHsJZpnf Decreas in persist current@en-us decreas in persist current decrease in persistent current decrease in persistent current@en-us r m p jkb o62zkk ob p hs j zpnf RMPJkbO62zkkObPHsJZpnf FENICS:RMxVquE9c2j3gk6Vbhg9TW RMxVquE9c2j3gk6Vbhg9TW Increas in slope of slow inactivation@en-us increas in slope of slow inactiv increase in slope of slow inactivation increase in slope of slow inactivation@en-us r mx vqu e9c2j3gk6 vbhg9 t w RMxVquE9c2j3gk6Vbhg9TW FENICS:RNbTxYjtlhgiWW8okEMzyj RNbTxYjtlhgiWW8okEMzyj Normal current amplitud in use dependence@en-us normal current amplitud in use depend normal current amplitude in use dependence normal current amplitude in use dependence@en-us r nb tx yjtlhgi w w8ok e mzyj RNbTxYjtlhgiWW8okEMzyj FENICS:ROWM5cmXNzjTPBn7ogKyII ROWM5cmXNzjTPBn7ogKyII Sever decreas in peak current due to reduc trafficking@en-us r o w m5cm x nzj t p bn7og ky i i sever decreas in peak current due to reduc traffick severe decrease in peak current due to reduced trafficking severe decrease in peak current due to reduced trafficking@en-us ROWM5cmXNzjTPBn7ogKyII FENICS:RPGjvHXaR7w0A4dKjNGhVc RPGjvHXaR7w0A4dKjNGhVc Impairment or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us impair or slow in fast inactiv (tau inactivation) impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation) impairment or slowing in fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us r p gjv h xa r7w0 a4d kj n gh vc RPGjvHXaR7w0A4dKjNGhVc FENICS:RQNDbYiHvI4VNvMipjKcIZ RQNDbYiHvI4VNvMipjKcIZ Deceler or slow of recoveri from slow inactivation@en-us deceler or slow of recoveri from slow inactiv deceleration or slowing of recovery from slow inactivation deceleration or slowing of recovery from slow inactivation@en-us r q n db yi hv i4 v nv mipj kc i z RQNDbYiHvI4VNvMipjKcIZ FENICS:RQjP2MguDr8OzKDeceZJ46 RQjP2MguDr8OzKDeceZJ46 Mild-moder depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift)@en-us mild-moder depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift) mild-moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift) mild-moderate depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift)@en-us r qj p2 mgu dr8 oz k dece z j46 RQjP2MguDr8OzKDeceZJ46 FENICS:RTJTAlmpfiiOAckMP7C8xY RTJTAlmpfiiOAckMP7C8xY Impairment or slow in rate of deactiv (tau deactivation)@en-us impair or slow in rate of deactiv (tau deactivation) impairment or slowing in rate of deactivation (tau deactivation) impairment or slowing in rate of deactivation (tau deactivation)@en-us r t j t almpfii o ack m p7 c8x y RTJTAlmpfiiOAckMP7C8xY FENICS:RVDcHrv1yHMY8q3VkhEV9W RVDcHrv1yHMY8q3VkhEV9W Decreas in resurg current@en-us decreas in resurg current decrease in resurgent current decrease in resurgent current@en-us r v dc hrv1i h m y8q3 vkh e v9 w r v dc hrv1y h m y8q3 vkh e v9 w RVDcHrv1yHMY8q3VkhEV9W FENICS:RW0QrBvuBOwHBYFFJMntlo RW0QrBvuBOwHBYFFJMntlo Deceler of entri into slow inactivation@en-us deceler of entri into slow inactiv deceleration of entry into slow inactivation deceleration of entry into slow inactivation@en-us r w0 qr bvu b ow h b y f f j mntlo RW0QrBvuBOwHBYFFJMntlo FENICS:RWsIdPK9ef5X7RMzIebmPQ RWsIdPK9ef5X7RMzIebmPQ effect on use depend effect on use dependence effect on use dependence@en-us r ws id p k9ef5 x7 r mz iebm p q RWsIdPK9ef5X7RMzIebmPQ FENICS:RXhKs55YyYQdgiLKwckPRg RXhKs55YyYQdgiLKwckPRg Deceler or slow of recoveri from fast inactivation@en-us deceler or slow of recoveri from fast inactiv deceleration or slowing of recovery from fast inactivation deceleration or slowing of recovery from fast inactivation@en-us r xh ks55 yy y qdgi l kwck p rg RXhKs55YyYQdgiLKwckPRg FENICS:RYWQSm4huaAno89B4WFQZH RYWQSm4huaAno89B4WFQZH Moder decreas in peak current@en-us moder decreas in peak current moderate decrease in peak current moderate decrease in peak current@en-us r y w q sm4hua ano89 b4 w f q z h RYWQSm4huaAno89B4WFQZH FENICS:Rbfc13foQ6CEHIWiXh434p Rbfc13foQ6CEHIWiXh434p Effect on rate of fast inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us effect on rate of fast inactiv (tau inactivation) effect on rate of fast inactivation (tau inactivation) effect on rate of fast inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us rbfc13fo q6 c e h i wi xh434p Rbfc13foQ6CEHIWiXh434p FENICS:RbjgdQVqMBklwux9sWTACl RbjgdQVqMBklwux9sWTACl Sever depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift)@en-us rbjgd q vq m bklwux9 w t a cl rbjgd q vq m bklwux9s w t a cl sever depolar shift of voltag depend of activ (right shift) severe depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift) severe depolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (right shift)@en-us RbjgdQVqMBklwux9sWTACl FENICS:RfJRsrblTGfIJ44dw2SyYJ RfJRsrblTGfIJ44dw2SyYJ Sever hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift)@en-us rf j rsrbl t gf i j44dw2 sy y j sever hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of fast inactiv (left shift) severe hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift) severe hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of fast inactivation (left shift)@en-us RfJRsrblTGfIJ44dw2SyYJ FENICS:RgGuZhqK1D3ro0nNhiBoXw RgGuZhqK1D3ro0nNhiBoXw normal subthreshold current normal subthreshold current@en-us rg gu zhq k1 d3ro0n nhi bo xw RgGuZhqK1D3ro0nNhiBoXw FENICS:RiK8rUNBcWv8Rw4Rq5MIQX RiK8rUNBcWv8Rw4Rq5MIQX Mild to Moder impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation)@en-us mild to moder impair or slow in rate of activ (tau activation) mild to moderate impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation) mild to moderate impairment or slowing in rate of activation (tau activation)@en-us ri k8r u n bc wv8 rw4 rq5 m i q x RiK8rUNBcWv8Rw4Rq5MIQX FENICS:Rkesu9uJL9z5Q6W38xiAhQ Rkesu9uJL9z5Q6W38xiAhQ Sever hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift)@en-us rkesu9u j l9z5 q6 w38xi ah q sever hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift) severe hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift) severe hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift)@en-us Rkesu9uJL9z5Q6W38xiAhQ FENICS:Rl7K1Hgqs34BVxM4PNtn4w Rl7K1Hgqs34BVxM4PNtn4w Mild-moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift)@en-us mild-moder hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of activ (left shift) mild-moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift) mild-moderate hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of activation (left shift)@en-us rl7 k1 hgqs34 b vx m4 p ntn4w Rl7K1Hgqs34BVxM4PNtn4w FENICS:RoMCTYJPjBEU5d6aaVUh44 RoMCTYJPjBEU5d6aaVUh44 Hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of slow inactiv (left shift)@en-us hyperpolar shift of voltag depend of slow inactiv (left shift) hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of slow inactivation (left shift) hyperpolarizing shift of voltage dependence of slow inactivation (left shift)@en-us ro m c t y j pj b e u5d6aa v uh44 RoMCTYJPjBEU5d6aaVUh44 FENICS:RobShQwofhZsmj29NgnSGj RobShQwofhZsmj29NgnSGj effect on slow inactiv effect on slow inactivation effect on slow inactivation@en-us rob sh qwofh zsmj29 ngn s gj RobShQwofhZsmj29NgnSGj FENICS:Rsw2n4guhiNupAT5yaAXtb Rsw2n4guhiNupAT5yaAXtb effect on subthreshold current effect on subthreshold current@en-us rsw2n4guhi nup a t5ya a xtb Rsw2n4guhiNupAT5yaAXtb FENICS:RwQyQ1jQlK4mhCi3frcbsW RwQyQ1jQlK4mhCi3frcbsW Effect on ion channel biophys properties@en-us effect on ion channel biophys properti effect on ion channel biophysical properties effect on ion channel biophysical properties@en-us rw qy q1j ql k4mh ci3frcb w rw qy q1j ql k4mh ci3frcbs w RwQyQ1jQlK4mhCi3frcbsW FENICS:RwcubAXCIcP10yoVjk9JVf RwcubAXCIcP10yoVjk9JVf Effect on recoveri from slow inactivation@en-us effect on recoveri from slow inactiv effect on recovery from slow inactivation effect on recovery from slow inactivation@en-us rwcub a x c ic p10yo vjk9 j vf RwcubAXCIcP10yoVjk9JVf FENICS:Rwd2Okf7Sd1xsETaBGsjeS Rwd2Okf7Sd1xsETaBGsjeS effect on rate of deactiv effect on rate of deactivation effect on rate of deactivation@en-us rwd2 okf7 sd1xs e ta b gsje s Rwd2Okf7Sd1xsETaBGsjeS FENICS:Rzl8n5oqmxsKFuEQoGs7ys Rzl8n5oqmxsKFuEQoGs7ys Normal rate of slow inactiv (tau inactivation)@en-us normal rate of slow inactiv (tau inactivation) normal rate of slow inactivation (tau inactivation) normal rate of slow inactivation (tau inactivation)@en-us rzl8n5oqmx k fu e qo gs7ys rzl8n5oqmxs k fu e qo gs7ys Rzl8n5oqmxsKFuEQoGs7ys FENICS:RzxAghzfGsgvWX3Ibm1dzr RzxAghzfGsgvWX3Ibm1dzr Overal mix or unclear function effect due to single-cel neuron properties@en-us overal mix or unclear function effect due to single-cel neuron properti overall mixed or unclear functional effect due to single-cell neuronal properties overall mixed or unclear functional effect due to single-cell neuronal properties@en-us rzx aghzf gsgv w x3 ibm1dzr RzxAghzfGsgvWX3Ibm1dzr EpSO:Abilify Abilify abilifi abilify Abilify EpSO:AbnormalEEGPattern AbnormalEEGPattern abnorm e e g pattern abnormal e e g pattern AbnormalEEGPattern EpSO:ActivityofArousal ActivityofArousal activityof arous activityof arousal ActivityofArousal EpSO:ActivityofDrowsiness ActivityofDrowsiness activityof drowsi activityof drowsiness ActivityofDrowsiness EpSO:ActivityofSleep ActivityofSleep activityof sleep ActivityofSleep EpSO:Adderall Adderall adderal adderall Adderall EpSO:Adgan Adgan <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>215027</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> adgan Adgan EpSO:Adolescent Adolescent adolesc adolescent Adolescent EpSO:Adult Adult adult Adult EpSO:AdvancedSleepPhaseSyndrome AdvancedSleepPhaseSyndrome advanc sleep phase syndrom advanced sleep phase syndrome asps AdvancedSleepPhaseSyndrome EpSO:Age Age Age EpSO:AkinecticStatus AkinecticStatus akinect status akinectic status AkinecticStatus EpSO:AkineticEpisode AkineticEpisode akinet episod akinetic episode AkineticEpisode EpSO:Alkabel Alkabel <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>608686</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> alkabel Alkabel EpSO:AlphaComa AlphaComa alpha coma AlphaComa EpSO:AlphaStupor AlphaStupor alpha stupor AlphaStupor EpSO:AlphaVariant AlphaVariant alpha variant AlphaVariant EpSO:AlteredLevelOfConsciousnessState AlteredLevelOfConsciousnessState alter level of conscious alter level of conscious state altered level of consciousness altered level of consciousness state AlteredLevelOfConsciousnessState EpSO:AmaurosisStatus AmaurosisStatus amaurosi status amaurosis status AmaurosisStatus EpSO:AmgdalarEpilepsy AmgdalarEpilepsy amgdalar epilepsi amgdalar epilepsy AmgdalarEpilepsy EpSO:Amisulpride Amisulpride amisulprid amisulpride Amisulpride EpSO:Amitriptyline Amitriptyline amitriptylin amitriptyline Amitriptyline EpSO:AmitriptylineHydrochloride AmitriptylineHydrochloride amitriptylin hydrochlorid amitriptyline hydrochloride AmitriptylineHydrochloride EpSO:AmitriptylineOxide AmitriptylineOxide amitriptylin oxid amitriptyline oxide AmitriptylineOxide EpSO:AmitriptylinePamoate AmitriptylinePamoate amitriptylin pamoat amitriptyline pamoate AmitriptylinePamoate EpSO:AmnesticSeizure AmnesticSeizure amnest seizur amnestic seizure AmnesticSeizure EpSO:Amoxapine Amoxapine amoxapin amoxapine Amoxapine EpSO:Amphetamine Amphetamine amphetamin amphetamine Amphetamine EpSO:AmphetamineAspartate AmphetamineAspartate amphetamin aspart amphetamine aspartate AmphetamineAspartate EpSO:AmphetamineAspartateMonohydrate AmphetamineAspartateMonohydrate amphetamin aspart monohydr amphetamine aspartate monohydrate AmphetamineAspartateMonohydrate EpSO:AmphetamineSaccharate AmphetamineSaccharate amphetamin sacchar amphetamine saccharate AmphetamineSaccharate EpSO:AmphetamineSulfate AmphetamineSulfate amphetamin sulfat amphetamine sulfate AmphetamineSulfate EpSO:Amygdala Amygdala amygdala amygdalar amygdaloid nuclear complex Amygdala EpSO:AmygdaloclaustralArea AmygdaloclaustralArea amygdaloclaustr area amygdaloclaustral area AmygdaloclaustralArea EpSO:AmygdalohippocampalArea AmygdalohippocampalArea amygdalohippocamp area amygdalohippocampal area AmygdalohippocampalArea EpSO:AmygdalopiriformTransitionArea AmygdalopiriformTransitionArea amygdalopiriform transit area amygdalopiriform transition area AmygdalopiriformTransitionArea EpSO:AmyloidAngiopathSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage AmyloidAngiopathSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage amyloid angiopath spontan intracerebr hemorrhag amyloid angiopath spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage AmyloidAngiopathSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage EpSO:Anafranil Anafranil anafranil Anafranil EpSO:AnaplasticGlioma AnaplasticGlioma anaplast glioma anaplastic glioma AnaplasticGlioma EpSO:AnatomicalCluster AnatomicalCluster anatom cluster anatomical cluster AnatomicalCluster EpSO:AnatomicalStructure AnatomicalStructure anatom cluster anatom structur anatomical cluster anatomical structure AnatomicalStructure EpSO:Anergan Anergan <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>992861</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> anergan Anergan EpSO:AngiocentricGlioma AngiocentricGlioma angiocentr glioma angiocentric glioma AngiocentricGlioma EpSO:AnteriorCingulateEpilepsy AnteriorCingulateEpilepsy anterior cingul epilepsi anterior cingulate epilepsy AnteriorCingulateEpilepsy EpSO:AnteriorCingulateSegment AnteriorCingulateSegment anterior cingul segment anterior cingulate segment AnteriorCingulateSegment EpSO:AnteriorFrontalLobeSegment AnteriorFrontalLobeSegment anterior frontal lobe segment AnteriorFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:AnteriorHypothalamicRegion AnteriorHypothalamicRegion anterior hypothalam region anterior hypothalamic region chiasmal zone AnteriorHypothalamicRegion EpSO:AnteriorMedianEminence AnteriorMedianEminence anterior median emin anterior median eminence AnteriorMedianEminence EpSO:AnteriorNuclearGroupThalamusSegment AnteriorNuclearGroupThalamusSegment anterior nuclear group thalamus segment segment of anterior nuclear group of thalamus AnteriorNuclearGroupThalamusSegment EpSO:AnteriorParacentralGyrus AnteriorParacentralGyrus anterior paracentr gyrus anterior paracentral gyrus AnteriorParacentralGyrus EpSO:AnteriorSlowActivityinChildren AnteriorSlowActivityinChildren anterior slow activityin children AnteriorSlowActivityinChildren EpSO:AnteriorTemporalEpilepsy AnteriorTemporalEpilepsy anterior tempor epilepsi anterior temporal epilepsy AnteriorTemporalEpilepsy EpSO:AnteriorTemporalLobeSegment AnteriorTemporalLobeSegment anterior tempor lobe segment anterior temporal lobe segment AnteriorTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:Antinaus Antinaus <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>992865</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> antinaus Antinaus EpSO:Antobidy-associatedEncelphalitis Antobidy-associatedEncelphalitis antobidy-associ encelph antobidy-associated encelphalitis Antobidy-associatedEncelphalitis EpSO:AphasicEpisode AphasicEpisode aphas episod aphasic episode AphasicEpisode EpSO:Aplenzin Aplenzin aplenzin Aplenzin EpSO:ApraxisSeizure ApraxisSeizure apraxi seizur apraxis seizure ApraxisSeizure EpSO:Aripiprazole Aripiprazole aripiprazol aripiprazole Aripiprazole EpSO:Arm Arm proxim segment of free upper limb proximal segment of free upper limb Arm EpSO:ArteriovenousMalformation ArteriovenousMalformation arterioven malform arteriovenous malformation ArteriovenousMalformation EpSO:ArtifactObscuredEEG ArtifactObscuredEEG artifact obscur e e g artifact obscur eeg (aoe) artifact obscured e e g artifact obscured eeg (aoe) ArtifactObscuredEEG EpSO:Asenapine Asenapine asenapin asenapine Asenapine EpSO:AsenapineMaleate AsenapineMaleate asenapin maleat asenapine maleate AsenapineMaleate EpSO:AstaticEpisode AstaticEpisode astat episod astatic episode AstaticEpisode EpSO:AsymmetryPattern AsymmetryPattern asymmetri pattern asymmetry pattern AsymmetryPattern EpSO:Ativan Ativan ativan Ativan EpSO:Atomoxetine Atomoxetine atomoxetin atomoxetine Atomoxetine EpSO:AtomoxetineHydrochloride AtomoxetineHydrochloride atomoxetin hydrochlorid atomoxetine hydrochloride AtomoxetineHydrochloride EpSO:AtonicEpisode AtonicEpisode aton episod atonic episode AtonicEpisode EpSO:AtypicalDialepticEpisode AtypicalDialepticEpisode atyp dialept episod atypical dialeptic episode AtypicalDialepticEpisode EpSO:AuditoryFrontocentralN400 AuditoryFrontocentralN400 auditori frontocentr n400 auditory frontocentral n400 AuditoryFrontocentralN400 EpSO:AuditoryFrontocentralP200 AuditoryFrontocentralP200 auditori frontocentr p200 auditory frontocentral p200 vertex posit vertex positivity AuditoryFrontocentralP200 EpSO:AuditoryN2b AuditoryN2b auditori n2b auditory n2b AuditoryN2b EpSO:AuraStatus AuraStatus aura status AuraStatus EpSO:AutomatismwithPreservedResponsiveness AutomatismwithPreservedResponsiveness automat with preserv respons automatism with preserved responsiveness automatismwith preserv respons automatismwith preserved responsiveness AutomatismwithPreservedResponsiveness EpSO:AutomotorEpisode AutomotorEpisode automotor episod automotor episode AutomotorEpisode EpSO:AutonomicEpisode AutonomicEpisode autonom episod autonomic episode AutonomicEpisode EpSO:AutosomalDominantPartialEpilepsyWithAuditoryFeatures AutosomalDominantPartialEpilepsyWithAuditoryFeatures adpeaf autosom domin partial epilepsi with auditori featur autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features AutosomalDominantPartialEpilepsyWithAuditoryFeatures EpSO:AveragedEEGData AveragedEEGData averag e e g data averag eeg data set averaged e e g data averaged eeg data set erp data set AveragedEEGData EpSO:BackgroundSuppression BackgroundSuppression background suppress background suppression BackgroundSuppression EpSO:BandHeterotopia BandHeterotopia band heterotopia BandHeterotopia EpSO:Banzel Banzel banzel Banzel EpSO:BasalOccipitalLobeSegment BasalOccipitalLobeSegment basal occipit lobe segment basal occipital lobe segment BasalOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:BasalTemporalEpilepsy BasalTemporalEpilepsy basal tempor epilepsi basal temporal epilepsy BasalTemporalEpilepsy EpSO:BasalTemporalLobeSegment BasalTemporalLobeSegment basal tempor basal tempor lobe segment basal temporal basal temporal lobe segment BasalTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:Bedwetting Bedwetting bedwet bedwetting Bedwetting EpSO:Bellatal Bellatal <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>215608</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> bellat bellatal Bellatal EpSO:BenignEEGPattern BenignEEGPattern benign e e g pattern BenignEEGPattern EpSO:BenignFocalEpileptiformDischargeofChildhood BenignFocalEpileptiformDischargeofChildhood benign focal epileptiform discharg of childhood (bfedc) benign focal epileptiform discharge of childhood (bfedc) benign focal epileptiform dischargeof childhood BenignFocalEpileptiformDischargeofChildhood EpSO:BetaActivity BetaActivity beta activ beta activity BetaActivity EpSO:BetaComa BetaComa beta coma BetaComa EpSO:BetaStupor BetaStupor beta stupor BetaStupor EpSO:Bi-PeriodicLateralizedEpileptiformDischarge Bi-PeriodicLateralizedEpileptiformDischarge bi- period later epileptiform discharg bi- periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge bilater period later epileptiform discharg (bi-pled) bilateral periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge (bi-pled) Bi-PeriodicLateralizedEpileptiformDischarge EpSO:BiLobarEpilepsy BiLobarEpilepsy bi lobar epilepsi bi lobar epilepsy BiLobarEpilepsy EpSO:BiLobarEpileptogenicZone BiLobarEpileptogenicZone bi lobar epileptogen zone bi lobar epileptogenic zone BiLobarEpileptogenicZone EpSO:BifocalEncephalomalacia BifocalEncephalomalacia bifoc encephalomalacia bifocal encephalomalacia BifocalEncephalomalacia EpSO:BigToe BigToe big toe first toe BigToe EpSO:BilateralAsymmetricTonicSeizure BilateralAsymmetricTonicSeizure bilater asymmetr tonic seizur bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure BilateralAsymmetricTonicSeizure EpSO:BipolarDisorder BipolarDisorder bipolar disord bipolar disorder BipolarDisorder EpSO:BirthInjury BirthInjury birth injuri birth injury BirthInjury EpSO:BodilyFeature BodilyFeature bodili featur bodily feature BodilyFeature EpSO:BodilyProcess BodilyProcess bodili process bodily process BodilyProcess EpSO:BodyProperSubdivision BodyProperSubdivision bodi proper subdivis body proper subdivision subdivis of bodi proper subdivision of body proper BodyProperSubdivision EpSO:BordmannArea3RightParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment BordmannArea3RightParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment anterior segment of brodmann area 3 right paracentr lobul anterior segment of brodmann area 3 right paracentral lobule bordmann area3 right paracentr lobul anterior segment bordmann area3 right paracentral lobule anterior segment brodmann area 3 of anterior segment of right paracentr lobul brodmann area 3 of anterior segment of right paracentral lobule BordmannArea3RightParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment EpSO:BordmannArea4RightPostcentralGyrus BordmannArea4RightPostcentralGyrus bordmann area4 right postcentr gyrus bordmann area4 right postcentral gyrus brodmann area 4 of right postcentr gyrus brodmann area 4 of right postcentral gyrus brodmann area 4 right postcentr gyrus brodmann area 4 right postcentral gyrus BordmannArea4RightPostcentralGyrus EpSO:BradycardicSeizure BradycardicSeizure bradycard seizur bradycardic seizure BradycardicSeizure EpSO:BrainGyrus BrainGyrus brain gyrus gyrus of brain gyrus of cerebr hemispher gyrus of cerebral hemisphere BrainGyrus EpSO:BrainGyrusSegment BrainGyrusSegment brain gyrus segment segment of gyrus of brain segment of gyrus of neuraxi segment of gyrus of neuraxis BrainGyrusSegment EpSO:BrainNeuralTissue BrainNeuralTissue brain neural tissu brain neural tissue neural tissu of brain neural tissue of brain BrainNeuralTissue EpSO:BrainNeuralTissueSegment BrainNeuralTissueSegment brain neural tissu segment brain neural tissue segment neural tissu of segment of brain neural tissue of segment of brain BrainNeuralTissueSegment EpSO:BrainSegment BrainSegment brain segment neuraxi segment neuraxis segment segment of brain BrainSegment EpSO:BrainTumor BrainTumor brain tumor BrainTumor EpSO:BrainVascular BrainVascular brain vascular vasculatur of brain vasculature of brain BrainVascular EpSO:BrainVentricularSystem BrainVentricularSystem brain ventricular system ventricular system of brain BrainVentricularSystem EpSO:BrainstemSegment BrainstemSegment brainstem segment segment of brainstem BrainstemSegment EpSO:BreachRhythm BreachRhythm breach rhythm BreachRhythm EpSO:Brisdelle Brisdelle brisdell brisdelle Brisdelle EpSO:BrodmannArea BrodmannArea brodmann area BrodmannArea EpSO:BrodmannArea3FrontalLobe BrodmannArea3FrontalLobe brodmann area 3 frontal lobe brodmann area 3 of frontal lobe brodmann area3 frontal lobe BrodmannArea3FrontalLobe EpSO:BrodmannArea3LeftFrontalLobe BrodmannArea3LeftFrontalLobe brodmann area 3 left frontal lobe brodmann area 3 of left frontal lobe brodmann area3 left frontal lobe BrodmannArea3LeftFrontalLobe EpSO:BrodmannArea3LeftParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment BrodmannArea3LeftParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment anterior segment of brodmann area 3 left paracentr lobul anterior segment of brodmann area 3 left paracentral lobule brodmann area 3 of anterior segment of left paracentr lobul brodmann area 3 of anterior segment of left paracentral lobule brodmann area3 left paracentr lobul anterior segment brodmann area3 left paracentral lobule anterior segment BrodmannArea3LeftParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea3LeftPostcentralGyrus BrodmannArea3LeftPostcentralGyrus brodmann area 3 left postcentr gyrus brodmann area 3 left postcentral gyrus brodmann area 3 of left postcentr gyrus brodmann area 3 of left postcentral gyrus brodmann area3 left postcentr gyrus brodmann area3 left postcentral gyrus BrodmannArea3LeftPostcentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea3LeftPrecentralGyrus BrodmannArea3LeftPrecentralGyrus brodmann area 3 left precentr gyrus brodmann area 3 left precentral gyrus brodmann area 3 of left precentr gyrus brodmann area 3 of left precentral gyrus brodmann area3 left precentr gyrus brodmann area3 left precentral gyrus BrodmannArea3LeftPrecentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea3ParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment BrodmannArea3ParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment anterior segment of brodmann area 3 paracentr lobul anterior segment of brodmann area 3 paracentral lobule brodmann area 3 of anterior segment of paracentr lobul brodmann area 3 of anterior segment of paracentral lobule brodmann area3 paracentr lobul anterior segment brodmann area3 paracentral lobule anterior segment BrodmannArea3ParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea3PostcentralGyrus BrodmannArea3PostcentralGyrus brodmann area 3 of postcentr gyrus brodmann area 3 of postcentral gyrus brodmann area 3 postcentr gyrus brodmann area 3 postcentral gyrus brodmann area3 postcentr gyrus brodmann area3 postcentral gyrus BrodmannArea3PostcentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea3PrecentralGyrus BrodmannArea3PrecentralGyrus brodmann area 3 of precentr gyrus brodmann area 3 of precentral gyrus brodmann area 3 precentr gyrus brodmann area 3 precentral gyrus brodmann area3 precentr gyrus brodmann area3 precentral gyrus BrodmannArea3PrecentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea3RightFrontalLobe BrodmannArea3RightFrontalLobe brodmann area 3 of right frontal lobe brodmann area 3 right frontal lobe brodmann area3 right frontal lobe BrodmannArea3RightFrontalLobe EpSO:BrodmannArea3RightPostcentralGyrus BrodmannArea3RightPostcentralGyrus brodmann area 3 of right postcentr gyrus brodmann area 3 of right postcentral gyrus brodmann area 3 right postcentr gyrus brodmann area 3 right postcentral gyrus brodmann area3 right postcentr gyrus brodmann area3 right postcentral gyrus BrodmannArea3RightPostcentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea3RightPrecentralGyrus BrodmannArea3RightPrecentralGyrus brodmann area 3 of right precentr gyrus brodmann area 3 of right precentral gyrus brodmann area 3 right precentr gyrus brodmann area 3 right precentral gyrus brodmann area3 right precentr gyrus brodmann area3 right precentral gyrus BrodmannArea3RightPrecentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea3Segment BrodmannArea3Segment brodmann area 3 segment brodmann area3 segment segment of brodmann area 3 BrodmannArea3Segment EpSO:BrodmannArea4FrontalLobe BrodmannArea4FrontalLobe brodmann area 4 frontal lobe brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of right paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of right paracentral lobule brodmann area4 frontal lobe BrodmannArea4FrontalLobe EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftFrontalLobe BrodmannArea4LeftFrontalLobe brodmann area 4 left frontal lobe brodmann area 4 of left frontal lobe brodmann area4 left frontal lobe BrodmannArea4LeftFrontalLobe EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftMiddleFrontalGyrus BrodmannArea4LeftMiddleFrontalGyrus brodmann area 4 left middl frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 left middle frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of left medial frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of left middl frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of left middle frontal gyrus brodmann area4 left middl frontal gyrus brodmann area4 left middle frontal gyrus BrodmannArea4LeftMiddleFrontalGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobule BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobule brodmann area 4 left paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 left paracentral lobule brodmann area 4 of left paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of left paracentral lobule brodmann area4 left paracentr lobul brodmann area4 left paracentral lobule BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobule EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment anterior segment of brodmann area 4 left paracentr lobul anterior segment of brodmann area 4 left paracentral lobule brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of left paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of left paracentral lobule brodmann area4 left paracentr lobul anterior segment brodmann area4 left paracentral lobule anterior segment BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment brodmann area 4 of posterior segment of left paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of posterior segment of left paracentral lobule brodmann area4 left paracentr lobul posterior segment brodmann area4 left paracentral lobule posterior segment posterior segment of brodmann area 4 left paracentr lobul posterior segment of brodmann area 4 left paracentral lobule BrodmannArea4LeftParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftPostcentralGyrus BrodmannArea4LeftPostcentralGyrus brodmann area 4 left postcentr gyrus brodmann area 4 left postcentral gyrus brodmann area 4 of left postcentr gyrus brodmann area 4 of left postcentral gyrus brodmann area4 left postcentr gyrus brodmann area4 left postcentral gyrus BrodmannArea4LeftPostcentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4LeftPrecentralGyrus BrodmannArea4LeftPrecentralGyrus brodmann area 4 left precentr gyrus brodmann area 4 left precentral gyrus brodmann area 4 of left precentr gyrus brodmann area 4 of left precentral gyrus brodmann area4 left precentr gyrus brodmann area4 left precentral gyrus BrodmannArea4LeftPrecentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4MiddleFrontalGyrus BrodmannArea4MiddleFrontalGyrus brodmann area 4 middl frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 middle frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of medial frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of middl frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of middle frontal gyrus brodmann area4 middl frontal gyrus brodmann area4 middle frontal gyrus BrodmannArea4MiddleFrontalGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobule BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobule brodmann area 4 of paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of paracentral lobule brodmann area 4 paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 paracentral lobule brodmann area4 paracentr lobul brodmann area4 paracentral lobule BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobule EpSO:BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment anterior segment of brodmann area 4 paracentr lobul anterior segment of brodmann area 4 paracentral lobule brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of paracentral lobule brodmann area4 paracentr lobul anterior segment brodmann area4 paracentral lobule anterior segment BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment brodmann area 4 of posterior segment of paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of posterior segment of paracentral lobule brodmann area4 paracentr lobul posterior segment brodmann area4 paracentral lobule posterior segment posterior segment of brodmann area 4 paracentr lobul posterior segment of brodmann area 4 paracentral lobule BrodmannArea4ParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea4PostcentralGyrus BrodmannArea4PostcentralGyrus brodmann area 4 of postcentr gyrus brodmann area 4 of postcentral gyrus brodmann area 4 postcentr gyrus brodmann area 4 postcentral gyrus brodmann area4 postcentr gyrus brodmann area4 postcentral gyrus BrodmannArea4PostcentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4PrecentralGyrus BrodmannArea4PrecentralGyrus brodmann area 4 of precentr gyrus brodmann area 4 of precentral gyrus brodmann area 4 precentr gyrus brodmann area 4 precentral gyrus brodmann area4 precentr gyrus brodmann area4 precentral gyrus BrodmannArea4PrecentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4RightFrontalLobe BrodmannArea4RightFrontalLobe brodmann area 4 of right frontal lobe brodmann area 4 right frontal lobe brodmann area4 right frontal lobe BrodmannArea4RightFrontalLobe EpSO:BrodmannArea4RightMiddleFrontallGyrus BrodmannArea4RightMiddleFrontallGyrus brodmann area 4 of right medial frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of right middl frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 of right middle frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 right middl frontal gyrus brodmann area 4 right middle frontal gyrus brodmann area4 right middl frontal gyrus brodmann area4 right middle frontall gyrus BrodmannArea4RightMiddleFrontallGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobule BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobule brodmann area 4 of right paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of right paracentral lobule brodmann area 4 right paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 right paracentral lobule brodmann area4 right paracentr lobul brodmann area4 right paracentral lobule BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobule EpSO:BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment anterior segment of brodmann area 4 right paracentr lobul anterior segment of brodmann area 4 right paracentral lobule brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of right paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of anterior segment of right paracentral lobule brodmann area4 right paracentr lobul anterior segment brodmann area4 right paracentral lobule anterior segment BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobuleAnteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment brodmann area 4 of posterior segment of right paracentr lobul brodmann area 4 of posterior segment of right paracentral lobule brodmann area4 right paracentr lobul posterior segment brodmann area4 right paracentral lobule posterior segment posterior segment of brodmann area 4 right paracentr lobul posterior segment of brodmann area 4 right paracentral lobule BrodmannArea4RightParacentralLobulePosteriorSegment EpSO:BrodmannArea4RightPrecentralGyrus BrodmannArea4RightPrecentralGyrus brodmann area 4 of right precentr gyrus brodmann area 4 of right precentral gyrus brodmann area 4 right precentr gyrus brodmann area 4 right precentral gyrus brodmann area4 right precentr gyrus brodmann area4 right precentral gyrus BrodmannArea4RightPrecentralGyrus EpSO:BrodmannArea4Segment BrodmannArea4Segment brodmann area 4 segment brodmann area4 segment segment of brodmann area 4 BrodmannArea4Segment EpSO:BrodmannAreaSegment BrodmannAreaSegment brodmann area segment segment of brodmann area BrodmannAreaSegment EpSO:Bruxism Bruxism bruxism Bruxism EpSO:Budeprion Budeprion <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>581646</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> budeprion Budeprion EpSO:Buproban Buproban <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>581650</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> buproban Buproban EpSO:Bupropion Bupropion bupropion Bupropion EpSO:BupropionHydrobromide BupropionHydrobromide bupropion hydrobromid bupropion hydrobromide BupropionHydrobromide EpSO:BupropionHydrochloride BupropionHydrochloride bupropion hydrochlorid bupropion hydrochloride BupropionHydrochloride EpSO:BurstSuppression BurstSuppression burst suppress burst suppression BurstSuppression EpSO:CACNA1H CACNA1H c a c n a1 h calcium channel, voltage-dependent, t type, alpha 1h subunit CACNA1H EpSO:CACNB4 CACNB4 c a c n b4 calcium channel, voltage-dependent, beta 4 subunit CACNB4 EpSO:CCL22 CCL22 c c l22 chemokin (c-c motif) ligand 22 chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 22 CCL22 EpSO:CCL23 CCL23 c c l23 chemokin (c-c motif) ligand 23 chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 23 CCL23 EpSO:CCL5 CCL5 c c l5 chemokin (c-c motif) ligand 5 chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 5 CCL5 EpSO:CHRNA2 CHRNA2 c h r n a2 cholinerg receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal) cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 2 (neuronal) CHRNA2 EpSO:CHRNA4 CHRNA4 c h r n a4 cholinerg receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal) cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 4 (neuronal) CHRNA4 EpSO:CHRNB2 CHRNB2 c h r n b2 cholinerg receptor, nicotinic, beta 2 (neuronal) cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, beta 2 (neuronal) CHRNB2 EpSO:CLCN2 CLCN2 c l c n2 chlorid channel, voltage-sensit 2 chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 2 CLCN2 EpSO:CONXCoord2D CONXCoord2D c o n x coord2 d con xcoord 2d CONXCoord2D EpSO:CONXCoord3D CONXCoord3D c o n x coord3 d con xcoord 3d CONXCoord3D EpSO:COPXCoord2D COPXCoord2D c o p x coord2 d cop xcoord 2d COPXCoord2D EpSO:COPXCoord3D COPXCoord3D c o p x coord3 d cop xcoord 3d COPXCoord3D EpSO:CXCL10 CXCL10 c x c l10 chemokin (c-x-c motif) ligand 10 chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 10 CXCL10 EpSO:CXCL9 CXCL9 c x c l9 chemokin (c-x-c motif) ligand 9 chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand 9 CXCL9 EpSO:Carbamazepine Carbamazepine carbamazepin carbamazepine Carbamazepine EpSO:Carbatrol Carbatrol carbatrol carbatrol® Carbatrol EpSO:CardinalBodyPart CardinalBodyPart bodi region body region cardin bodi part cardinal body part CardinalBodyPart EpSO:CardinalBodyPartSubdivision CardinalBodyPartSubdivision cardin bodi part subdivis cardinal body part subdivision princip bodi part subdivis principal body part subdivision subdivis of cardin bodi part subdivision of cardinal body part CardinalBodyPartSubdivision EpSO:CardinalBrainSegment CardinalBrainSegment brain segment cardin brain segment cardin segment of brain cardinal brain segment cardinal segment of brain CardinalBrainSegment EpSO:CardinalFreeLimbSegment CardinalFreeLimbSegment cardin free limb segment cardinal free limb segment CardinalFreeLimbSegment EpSO:CardinalOrganPart CardinalOrganPart cardin organ part cardinal organ part CardinalOrganPart EpSO:CartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum CartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum cartesian spatial coordin datum cartesian spatial coordinate datum CartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum EpSO:Celexa Celexa celexa Celexa EpSO:CellPartCluster CellPartCluster cell part cluster CellPartCluster EpSO:Central10-10System Central10-10System central 10-10 system central10-10 system Central10-10System EpSO:CerebellumHemisphere CerebellumHemisphere cerebellum hemispher cerebellum hemisphere hemispher of cerebellum hemisphere of cerebellum CerebellumHemisphere EpSO:CerebellumNeuralTissue CerebellumNeuralTissue cerebellum neural tissu cerebellum neural tissue neural tissu of cerebellum neural tissue of cerebellum CerebellumNeuralTissue EpSO:CerebellumSegment CerebellumSegment cerebellum segment segment of cerebellum subdivis of cerebellum subdivision of cerebellum CerebellumSegment EpSO:CerebellumVermis CerebellumVermis cerebellum vermi cerebellum vermis vermi of cerebellum vermis of cerebellum CerebellumVermis EpSO:CerebralAbcess CerebralAbcess cerebr abcess cerebral abcess CerebralAbcess EpSO:CerebralCortexRegion CerebralCortexRegion cerebr cortex region cerebral cortex region region of cerebr cortex region of cerebral cortex CerebralCortexRegion EpSO:CerebralHemisphereLobe CerebralHemisphereLobe cerebr hemispher lobe cerebr lobe cerebral hemisphere lobe cerebral lobe lobe of cerebr hemispher lobe of cerebral hemisphere CerebralHemisphereLobe EpSO:CerebralHemisphereMedialSegment CerebralHemisphereMedialSegment cerebr hemispher medial segment cerebral hemisphere medial segment medial region of cerebr hemispher medial region of cerebral hemisphere medial segment of cerebr hemispher medial segment of cerebral hemisphere CerebralHemisphereMedialSegment EpSO:CerebralHemisphereSegment CerebralHemisphereSegment cerebr hemispher segment cerebr hemispher subdivis cerebral hemisphere segment cerebral hemisphere subdivision segment of cerebr hemispher segment of cerebral hemisphere CerebralHemisphereSegment EpSO:CerebralLobeSegment CerebralLobeSegment cerebr lobe segment cerebral lobe segment segment of cerebr lobe segment of cerebral lobe CerebralLobeSegment EpSO:Child Child child Child EpSO:ChildhoodFebrileSeizure ChildhoodFebrileSeizure childhood febril seizur childhood febrile seizure ChildhoodFebrileSeizure EpSO:ChildhoodRolandicEpilepsy ChildhoodRolandicEpilepsy childhood roland epilepsi childhood rolandic epilepsy ChildhoodRolandicEpilepsy EpSO:Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine chlorpromazin chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine EpSO:Chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene chlorprothixen chlorprothixene Chlorprothixene EpSO:ChronicProgressiveEpilepsiaPartialisContinuaofChildhood ChronicProgressiveEpilepsiaPartialisContinuaofChildhood chronic progress epilepsia partiali continuaof childhood chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continuaof childhood rasmussen’ enceph rasmussen’s encephalitis ChronicProgressiveEpilepsiaPartialisContinuaofChildhood EpSO:CingulateEpilepsy CingulateEpilepsy cingul epilepsi cingulate epilepsy CingulateEpilepsy EpSO:CingulateSegment CingulateSegment cingul segment cingular cingulate segment CingulateSegment EpSO:Cipramil Cipramil <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>151516</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> cipramil Cipramil EpSO:Citalopraam Citalopraam <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>540845</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> citalopraam Citalopraam EpSO:Citalopram Citalopram citalopram Citalopram EpSO:CitalopramHydrobromide CitalopramHydrobromide citalopram hydrobromid citalopram hydrobromide CitalopramHydrobromide EpSO:ClinicalDrugComponent ClinicalDrugComponent clinic drug compon clinical drug component ClinicalDrugComponent EpSO:ClinicalEncounter ClinicalEncounter clinic encount clinical encounter ClinicalEncounter EpSO:ClinicalEvaluation ClinicalEvaluation clinic evalu clinical evaluation ClinicalEvaluation EpSO:ClinicalHistoryRecording ClinicalHistoryRecording clinic histori record clinical history recording ClinicalHistoryRecording EpSO:ClinicalOnset ClinicalOnset clinic onset clinical onset ClinicalOnset EpSO:ClinicalRecommendation ClinicalRecommendation clinic recommend clinical recommendation ClinicalRecommendation EpSO:ClinicalSeizureEnd ClinicalSeizureEnd clinic seizur end clinical seizure end ClinicalSeizureEnd EpSO:Clinician Clinician clinician Clinician EpSO:Clobazam Clobazam clobazam Clobazam EpSO:Clomicalm Clomicalm clomicalm Clomicalm EpSO:Clomipramine Clomipramine clomipramin clomipramine Clomipramine EpSO:ClomipramineHydrochloride ClomipramineHydrochloride clomipramin hydrochlorid clomipramine hydrochloride ClomipramineHydrochloride EpSO:Clonazepam Clonazepam clonazepam Clonazepam EpSO:ClonicEpisode ClonicEpisode clonic episod clonic episode ClonicEpisode EpSO:ClonicSeizureEnd ClonicSeizureEnd clonic seizur end clonic seizure end end of clonic phase ClonicSeizureEnd EpSO:ClonicSeizureOnset ClonicSeizureOnset clonic seizur onset clonic seizure onset onset of clonic phase ClonicSeizureOnset EpSO:ClonicTonicClonicEpisode ClonicTonicClonicEpisode clonic tonic clonic episod clonic tonic clonic episode ClonicTonicClonicEpisode EpSO:ClonicTonicClonicSeizure ClonicTonicClonicSeizure clonic tonic clonic seizur clonic tonic clonic seizure clonic-tonic-clon seizur clonic-tonic-clonic seizure ClonicTonicClonicSeizure EpSO:ClonicTonicClonicStatus ClonicTonicClonicStatus clonic tonic clonic status ClonicTonicClonicStatus EpSO:Clozapine Clozapine clozapin clozapine Clozapine EpSO:Clozaril Clozaril clozaril Clozaril EpSO:CoagulopathyHemorrhage CoagulopathyHemorrhage coagulopathi hemorrhag coagulopathy hemorrhage CoagulopathyHemorrhage EpSO:Compazine Compazine compazin compazine Compazine EpSO:ComplexAuditoryAura ComplexAuditoryAura complex auditori aura complex auditory aura ComplexAuditoryAura EpSO:ComplexAuditoryAuraStatus ComplexAuditoryAuraStatus complex auditori aura status complex auditory aura status ComplexAuditoryAuraStatus EpSO:ComplexMotorEpisode ComplexMotorEpisode complex motor episod complex motor episode ComplexMotorEpisode EpSO:ComplexVisualHallucination ComplexVisualHallucination complex visual hallucin complex visual hallucination ComplexVisualHallucination EpSO:ComplexVisualHallucinationStatus ComplexVisualHallucinationStatus complex visual hallucin status complex visual hallucination status ComplexVisualHallucinationStatus EpSO:Compro Compro compro Compro EpSO:Concerta Concerta concerta Concerta EpSO:CongenitalNeurologicalDeficit CongenitalNeurologicalDeficit congenit neurolog deficit congenital neurological deficit CongenitalNeurologicalDeficit EpSO:ContinuousSlowActivityEnd ContinuousSlowActivityEnd continu slow activ end continuous slow activity end end of continu slow end of continuous slow ContinuousSlowActivityEnd EpSO:ContinuousSlowActivityOnset ContinuousSlowActivityOnset continu slow activ onset continuous slow activity onset onset of continu slow onset of continuous slow ContinuousSlowActivityOnset EpSO:CuneateTubercle CuneateTubercle cuneat tubercl cuneate tubercle CuneateTubercle EpSO:Cyamemazine Cyamemazine cyamemazin cyamemazine Cyamemazine EpSO:Cymbalta Cymbalta cymbalta Cymbalta EpSO:D-Tal D-Tal d- tal d-tal D-Tal EpSO:Daytrana Daytrana daytrana Daytrana EpSO:DecreasedAsymmetryPattern DecreasedAsymmetryPattern decreas asymmetri pattern decreased asymmetry pattern DecreasedAsymmetryPattern EpSO:DejaVuStatus DejaVuStatus deja vu status DejaVuStatus EpSO:DelayedSleepPhaseSyndrome DelayedSleepPhaseSyndrome delay sleep phase syndrom delayed sleep phase syndrome dsps DelayedSleepPhaseSyndrome EpSO:DeltaComa DeltaComa delta coma DeltaComa EpSO:DeltaStupor DeltaStupor delta stupor DeltaStupor EpSO:Depacon Depacon depacon Depacon EpSO:Depakene Depakene depaken depakene depakene® Depakene EpSO:Depakote Depakote depakot depakote depakote® Depakote EpSO:DepakoteER DepakoteER <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>284710</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> depakot e r depakot er® depakote e r depakote er® DepakoteER EpSO:DerivedEEGData DerivedEEGData deriv e e g data derived e e g data DerivedEEGData EpSO:Desipramine Desipramine desipramin desipramine Desipramine EpSO:DesipramineDibudinate DesipramineDibudinate desipramin dibudin desipramine dibudinate DesipramineDibudinate EpSO:DesipramineHydrochloride DesipramineHydrochloride desipramin hydrochlorid desipramine desipramine hydrochloride DesipramineHydrochloride EpSO:Desvenlafaxine Desvenlafaxine desvenlafaxin desvenlafaxine Desvenlafaxine EpSO:DesvenlafaxineSuccinate DesvenlafaxineSuccinate desvenlafaxin succin desvenlafaxine succinate DesvenlafaxineSuccinate EpSO:Dexedrine Dexedrine dexedrin dexedrine Dexedrine EpSO:Dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate dexmethylphenid dexmethylphenidate Dexmethylphenidate EpSO:DexmethylphenidateHydrochloride DexmethylphenidateHydrochloride dexmethylphenid hydrochlorid dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride DexmethylphenidateHydrochloride EpSO:DextroStat DextroStat <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>216555</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> dextro stat DextroStat EpSO:Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine dextroamphetamin dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine EpSO:DextroamphetamineSaccharate DextroamphetamineSaccharate dextroamphetamin sacchar dextroamphetamine saccharate DextroamphetamineSaccharate EpSO:DextroamphetamineSulfate DextroamphetamineSulfate dextroamphetamin sulfat dextroamphetamine sulfate DextroamphetamineSulfate EpSO:Di-Phen Di-Phen <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>216561</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> di- phen Di-Phen EpSO:Diagnosis Diagnosis diagnosi diagnosis Diagnosis EpSO:DialepticEpisode DialepticEpisode dialept episod dialeptic episode DialepticEpisode EpSO:Diastat Diastat diastat Diastat EpSO:Diazepam Diazepam diazepam Diazepam EpSO:DiencephalonAnteriorTubercle DiencephalonAnteriorTubercle anterior tubercl of diencephalon anterior tubercl of thalamus anterior tubercle of diencephalon anterior tubercle of thalamus diencephalon anterior tubercl diencephalon anterior tubercle DiencephalonAnteriorTubercle EpSO:DiencephalonGreyMatterStructure DiencephalonGreyMatterStructure diencephalon grey matter structur diencephalon grey matter structure gray matter structur of diencephalon gray matter structure of diencephalon DiencephalonGreyMatterStructure EpSO:DiencephalonNeuralTissue DiencephalonNeuralTissue diencephalon neural tissu diencephalon neural tissue neural tissu of diencephalon neural tissue of diencephalon DiencephalonNeuralTissue EpSO:DiencephalonSegment DiencephalonSegment diencephalon segment segment of diencephalon DiencephalonSegment EpSO:DiencephalonWhiteMatterStructure DiencephalonWhiteMatterStructure diencephalon white matter structur diencephalon white matter structure white matter structur of diencephalon white matter structure of diencephalon DiencephalonWhiteMatterStructure EpSO:DiencephalonZone DiencephalonZone diencephalon zone zone of diencephalon DiencephalonZone EpSO:Dilantin Dilantin dilantin dilantin® Dilantin EpSO:DiplopiaStatus DiplopiaStatus diplopia status DiplopiaStatus EpSO:DistalFreeLimbSegment DistalFreeLimbSegment distal free limb segment DistalFreeLimbSegment EpSO:Donnapine Donnapine <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>216723</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> donnapin donnapine Donnapine EpSO:Donnatal Donnatal donnat donnatal Donnatal EpSO:DorsalHypothalamicArea DorsalHypothalamicArea dorsal hypothalam area dorsal hypothalam region dorsal hypothalamic area dorsal hypothalamic region DorsalHypothalamicArea EpSO:Dosulepin Dosulepin dosulepin Dosulepin EpSO:DothiepinHydrochloride DothiepinHydrochloride dothiepin hydrochlorid dothiepin hydrochloride DothiepinHydrochloride EpSO:Doxepin Doxepin doxepin Doxepin EpSO:DoxepinHydrochloride DoxepinHydrochloride doxepin hydrochlorid doxepin hydrochloride DoxepinHydrochloride EpSO:Droperidol Droperidol droperidol Droperidol EpSO:DrugBrandName DrugBrandName drug brand name DrugBrandName EpSO:DrugDoseForm DrugDoseForm drug dose form DrugDoseForm EpSO:DrugIngredient DrugIngredient drug ingredi drug ingredient DrugIngredient EpSO:Duloxetine Duloxetine duloxetin duloxetine Duloxetine EpSO:DuloxetineHydrochloride DuloxetineHydrochloride duloxetin hydrochlorid duloxetine hydrochloride DuloxetineHydrochloride EpSO:DysembryoplasticNeuroepithelialTumor DysembryoplasticNeuroepithelialTumor dysembryoplast neuroepitheli tumor dysembryoplast neuroepitheli tumor (dnet) dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (dnet) DysembryoplasticNeuroepithelialTumor EpSO:Dysmature Dysmature dysmatur dysmature Dysmature EpSO:Dysmetropsia Dysmetropsia dysmetropsia Dysmetropsia EpSO:DysmetropsiaStatus DysmetropsiaStatus dysmetropsia status DysmetropsiaStatus EpSO:EEG128ChannelTopographicWavePlot EEG128ChannelTopographicWavePlot 128-channel topograph wave plot 128-channel topographic wave plot e e g128 channel topograph wave plot e e g128 channel topographic wave plot EEG128ChannelTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEG16ChannelTopographicWavePlot EEG16ChannelTopographicWavePlot 16-channel topograph wave plot 16-channel topographic wave plot e e g16 channel topograph wave plot e e g16 channel topographic wave plot EEG16ChannelTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEG256ChannelTopographicWavePlot EEG256ChannelTopographicWavePlot 256-channel topograph wave plot 256-channel topographic wave plot e e g256 channel topograph wave plot e e g256 channel topographic wave plot EEG256ChannelTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEG32ChannelTopographicWavePlot EEG32ChannelTopographicWavePlot 32-channel topograph wave plot 32-channel topographic wave plot e e g32 channel topograph wave plot e e g32 channel topographic wave plot EEG32ChannelTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEG64ChannelTopographicWavePlot EEG64ChannelTopographicWavePlot 64-channel topograph wave plot 64-channel topographic wave plot e e g64 channel topograph wave plot e e g64 channel topographic wave plot EEG64ChannelTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEG8ChannelTopographicWavePlot EEG8ChannelTopographicWavePlot 8-channel topograph wave plot 8-channel topographic wave plot e e g8 channel topograph wave plot e e g8 channel topographic wave plot EEG8ChannelTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEGCurrentSourceDensityMap EEGCurrentSourceDensityMap e e g current sourc densiti map e e g current source density map eeg current sourc densiti map eeg current source density map EEGCurrentSourceDensityMap EpSO:EEGEvent EEGEvent e e g event EEGEvent EpSO:EEGFieldPotentialMap EEGFieldPotentialMap e e g field potenti map e e g field potential map eeg field potenti map eeg field potential map eeg trace EEGFieldPotentialMap EpSO:EEGOnset EEGOnset e e g onset EEGOnset EpSO:EEGPattern EEGPattern e e g pattern EEGPattern EpSO:EEGScalpDifferenceMap EEGScalpDifferenceMap e e g scalp differ map e e g scalp difference map eeg scalp differ map eeg scalp difference map EEGScalpDifferenceMap EpSO:EEGScalpFieldPotentialMap EEGScalpFieldPotentialMap e e g scalp field potenti map e e g scalp field potential map eeg scalp field potenti map eeg scalp field potential map trace EEGScalpFieldPotentialMap EpSO:EEGSeizureEnd EEGSeizureEnd e e g seizur end e e g seizure end eeg seizur end eeg seizure end EEGSeizureEnd EpSO:EEGStatisticalTMap EEGStatisticalTMap e e g statist t map e e g statistical t map eeg statist t map eeg statistical t map EEGStatisticalTMap EpSO:EEGSuppression EEGSuppression e e g suppress e e g suppression EEGSuppression EpSO:EEGSuppressionEnd EEGSuppressionEnd e e g suppress end e e g suppression end end of eeg suppress end of eeg suppression EEGSuppressionEnd EpSO:EEGSuppressionOnset EEGSuppressionOnset e e g suppress onset e e g suppression onset onset of seizur onset onset of seizure onset EEGSuppressionOnset EpSO:EEGTopographicMap EEGTopographicMap e e g topograph map e e g topographic map eeg topograph map eeg topographic map EEGTopographicMap EpSO:EEGTopographicWavePlot EEGTopographicWavePlot e e g topograph wave plot e e g topographic wave plot EEGTopographicWavePlot EpSO:EEGWavePlot EEGWavePlot e e g wave plot eeg wave plot eeg waveform EEGWavePlot EpSO:EFHC1 EFHC1 e f h c1 ef-hand domain (c-terminal) contain 1 ef-hand domain (c-terminal) containing 1 EFHC1 EpSO:Elavil Elavil elavil Elavil EpSO:ElectrocardiographyData ElectrocardiographyData ecg data set ecg label electrocardiographi data electrocardiography data ElectrocardiographyData EpSO:ElectrocerebralInactivity ElectrocerebralInactivity electrocerebr inact electrocerebral inactivity ElectrocerebralInactivity EpSO:ElectrodeA1 ElectrodeA1 electrod a1 electrode a1 ElectrodeA1 EpSO:ElectrodeA2 ElectrodeA2 electrod a2 electrode a2 ElectrodeA2 EpSO:ElectrodeAF3 ElectrodeAF3 electrod a f3 electrode a f3 ElectrodeAF3 EpSO:ElectrodeAF4 ElectrodeAF4 electrod a f4 electrode a f4 ElectrodeAF4 EpSO:ElectrodeAF7 ElectrodeAF7 electrod a f7 electrode a f7 ElectrodeAF7 EpSO:ElectrodeAF8 ElectrodeAF8 electrod a f8 electrode a f8 ElectrodeAF8 EpSO:ElectrodeAFz ElectrodeAFz electrod a fz electrode a fz ElectrodeAFz EpSO:ElectrodeAL3 ElectrodeAL3 electrod a l3 electrode a l3 ElectrodeAL3 EpSO:ElectrodeAL4 ElectrodeAL4 electrod a l4 electrode a l4 ElectrodeAL4 EpSO:ElectrodeAL5 ElectrodeAL5 electrod a l5 electrode a l5 ElectrodeAL5 EpSO:ElectrodeAM5 ElectrodeAM5 electrod a m5 electrode a m5 ElectrodeAM5 EpSO:ElectrodeAM6 ElectrodeAM6 electrod a m6 electrode a m6 ElectrodeAM6 EpSO:ElectrodeAM7 ElectrodeAM7 electrod a m7 electrode a m7 ElectrodeAM7 EpSO:ElectrodeAP5 ElectrodeAP5 electrod a p5 electrode a p5 ElectrodeAP5 EpSO:ElectrodeAP6 ElectrodeAP6 electrod a p6 electrode a p6 ElectrodeAP6 EpSO:ElectrodeAP7 ElectrodeAP7 electrod a p7 electrode a p7 ElectrodeAP7 EpSO:ElectrodeC2 ElectrodeC2 electrod c2 electrode c2 ElectrodeC2 EpSO:ElectrodeC3 ElectrodeC3 electrod c3 electrode c3 ElectrodeC3 EpSO:ElectrodeC4 ElectrodeC4 electrod c4 electrode c4 ElectrodeC4 EpSO:ElectrodeC5 ElectrodeC5 electrod c5 electrode c5 ElectrodeC5 EpSO:ElectrodeC6 ElectrodeC6 electrod c6 electrode c6 ElectrodeC6 EpSO:ElectrodeCI4 ElectrodeCI4 electrod c i4 electrode c i4 ElectrodeCI4 EpSO:ElectrodeCI5 ElectrodeCI5 electrod c i5 electrode c i5 ElectrodeCI5 EpSO:ElectrodeCI6 ElectrodeCI6 electrod c i6 electrode c i6 ElectrodeCI6 EpSO:ElectrodeCP1 ElectrodeCP1 electrod c p1 electrode c p1 ElectrodeCP1 EpSO:ElectrodeCP2 ElectrodeCP2 electrod c p2 electrode c p2 ElectrodeCP2 EpSO:ElectrodeCP3 ElectrodeCP3 electrod c p3 electrode c p3 ElectrodeCP3 EpSO:ElectrodeCP4 ElectrodeCP4 electrod c p4 electrode c p4 ElectrodeCP4 EpSO:ElectrodeCP5 ElectrodeCP5 electrod c p5 electrode c p5 ElectrodeCP5 EpSO:ElectrodeCP6 ElectrodeCP6 electrod c p6 electrode c p6 ElectrodeCP6 EpSO:ElectrodeCPz ElectrodeCPz electrod c pz electrode c pz ElectrodeCPz EpSO:ElectrodeCz ElectrodeCz electrod cz electrode cz ElectrodeCz EpSO:ElectrodeF1 ElectrodeF1 electrod f1 electrode f1 ElectrodeF1 EpSO:ElectrodeF10 ElectrodeF10 electrod f10 electrode f10 ElectrodeF10 EpSO:ElectrodeF2 ElectrodeF2 electrod f2 electrode f2 ElectrodeF2 EpSO:ElectrodeF3 ElectrodeF3 electrod f3 electrode f3 ElectrodeF3 EpSO:ElectrodeF4 ElectrodeF4 electrod f4 electrode f4 ElectrodeF4 EpSO:ElectrodeF5 ElectrodeF5 electrod f5 electrode f5 ElectrodeF5 EpSO:ElectrodeF6 ElectrodeF6 electrod f6 electrode f6 ElectrodeF6 EpSO:ElectrodeF7 ElectrodeF7 electrod f7 electrode f7 ElectrodeF7 EpSO:ElectrodeF8 ElectrodeF8 electrod f8 electrode f8 ElectrodeF8 EpSO:ElectrodeF9 ElectrodeF9 electrod f9 electrode f9 ElectrodeF9 EpSO:ElectrodeFC1 ElectrodeFC1 electrod f c1 electrode f c1 ElectrodeFC1 EpSO:ElectrodeFC2 ElectrodeFC2 electrod f c2 electrode f c2 ElectrodeFC2 EpSO:ElectrodeFC3 ElectrodeFC3 electrod f c3 electrode f c3 ElectrodeFC3 EpSO:ElectrodeFC4 ElectrodeFC4 electrod f c4 electrode f c4 ElectrodeFC4 EpSO:ElectrodeFC5 ElectrodeFC5 electrod f c5 electrode f c5 ElectrodeFC5 EpSO:ElectrodeFC6 ElectrodeFC6 electrod f c6 electrode f c6 ElectrodeFC6 EpSO:ElectrodeFCz ElectrodeFCz electrod f cz electrode f cz ElectrodeFCz EpSO:ElectrodeFP1 ElectrodeFP1 electrod f p1 electrode f p1 ElectrodeFP1 EpSO:ElectrodeFP2 ElectrodeFP2 electrod f p2 electrode f p2 ElectrodeFP2 EpSO:ElectrodeFPz ElectrodeFPz electrod f pz electrode f pz ElectrodeFPz EpSO:ElectrodeFT10 ElectrodeFT10 electrod f t10 electrode f t10 ElectrodeFT10 EpSO:ElectrodeFT7 ElectrodeFT7 electrod f t7 electrode f t7 ElectrodeFT7 EpSO:ElectrodeFT8 ElectrodeFT8 electrod f t8 electrode f t8 ElectrodeFT8 EpSO:ElectrodeFT9 ElectrodeFT9 electrod f t9 electrode f t9 ElectrodeFT9 EpSO:ElectrodeFz ElectrodeFz electrod fz electrode fz ElectrodeFz EpSO:ElectrodeIz ElectrodeIz electrod iz electrode iz ElectrodeIz EpSO:ElectrodeNz ElectrodeNz electrod nz electrode nz ElectrodeNz EpSO:ElectrodeO1 ElectrodeO1 electrod o1 electrode o1 ElectrodeO1 EpSO:ElectrodeO2 ElectrodeO2 electrod o2 electrode o2 ElectrodeO2 EpSO:ElectrodeOz ElectrodeOz electrod oz electrode oz ElectrodeOz EpSO:ElectrodeP1 ElectrodeP1 electrod p1 electrode p1 ElectrodeP1 EpSO:ElectrodeP10 ElectrodeP10 electrod p10 electrode p10 ElectrodeP10 EpSO:ElectrodeP2 ElectrodeP2 electrod p2 electrode p2 ElectrodeP2 EpSO:ElectrodeP3 ElectrodeP3 electrod p3 electrode p3 ElectrodeP3 EpSO:ElectrodeP4 ElectrodeP4 electrod p4 electrode p4 ElectrodeP4 EpSO:ElectrodeP5 ElectrodeP5 electrod p5 electrode p5 ElectrodeP5 EpSO:ElectrodeP6 ElectrodeP6 electrod p6 electrode p6 ElectrodeP6 EpSO:ElectrodeP7 ElectrodeP7 electrod p7 electrode p7 ElectrodeP7 EpSO:ElectrodeP8 ElectrodeP8 electrod p8 electrode p8 ElectrodeP8 EpSO:ElectrodeP9 ElectrodeP9 electrod p9 electrode p9 ElectrodeP9 EpSO:ElectrodePL4 ElectrodePL4 electrod p l4 electrode p l4 ElectrodePL4 EpSO:ElectrodePL5 ElectrodePL5 electrod p l5 electrode p l5 ElectrodePL5 EpSO:ElectrodePL6 ElectrodePL6 electrod p l6 electrode p l6 ElectrodePL6 EpSO:ElectrodePO3 ElectrodePO3 electrod p o3 electrode p o3 ElectrodePO3 EpSO:ElectrodePO4 ElectrodePO4 electrod p o4 electrode p o4 ElectrodePO4 EpSO:ElectrodePO7 ElectrodePO7 electrod p o7 electrode p o7 ElectrodePO7 EpSO:ElectrodePO8 ElectrodePO8 electrod p o8 electrode p o8 ElectrodePO8 EpSO:ElectrodePOz ElectrodePOz electrod p oz electrode p oz ElectrodePOz EpSO:ElectrodePlacementSystem ElectrodePlacementSystem electrod placement system electrode placement system ElectrodePlacementSystem EpSO:ElectrodePz ElectrodePz electrod pz electrode pz ElectrodePz EpSO:ElectrodeSP1 ElectrodeSP1 electrod s p1 electrode s p1 ElectrodeSP1 EpSO:ElectrodeSP2 ElectrodeSP2 electrod s p2 electrode s p2 ElectrodeSP2 EpSO:ElectrodeT10 ElectrodeT10 electrod t10 electrode t10 ElectrodeT10 EpSO:ElectrodeT3 ElectrodeT3 electrod t3 electrode t3 ElectrodeT3 EpSO:ElectrodeT4 ElectrodeT4 electrod t4 electrode t4 ElectrodeT4 EpSO:ElectrodeT5 ElectrodeT5 electrod t5 electrode t5 ElectrodeT5 EpSO:ElectrodeT6 ElectrodeT6 electrod t6 electrode t6 ElectrodeT6 EpSO:ElectrodeT7 ElectrodeT7 electrod t7 electrode t7 ElectrodeT7 EpSO:ElectrodeT8 ElectrodeT8 electrod t8 electrode t8 ElectrodeT8 EpSO:ElectrodeT9 ElectrodeT9 electrod t9 electrode t9 ElectrodeT9 EpSO:ElectrodeTP10 ElectrodeTP10 electrod t p10 electrode t p10 ElectrodeTP10 EpSO:ElectrodeTP7 ElectrodeTP7 electrod t p7 electrode t p7 ElectrodeTP7 EpSO:ElectrodeTP8 ElectrodeTP8 electrod t p8 electrode t p8 ElectrodeTP8 EpSO:ElectrodeTP9 ElectrodeTP9 electrod t p9 electrode t p9 ElectrodeTP9 EpSO:ElectroencephalographyData ElectroencephalographyData eeg data eeg data set electroencephalographi data electroencephalography data ElectroencephalographyData EpSO:ElectrophysiologicalData ElectrophysiologicalData electrophysiolog data electrophysiological data ElectrophysiologicalData EpSO:ElementaryAuditoryAura ElementaryAuditoryAura elementari auditori aura elementary auditory aura simpl auditori aura simple auditory aura ElementaryAuditoryAura EpSO:ElementaryAuditoryAuraStatus ElementaryAuditoryAuraStatus elementari auditori aura status elementary auditory aura status ElementaryAuditoryAuraStatus EpSO:EmeticSeizure EmeticSeizure emet seizur emetic seizure EmeticSeizure EpSO:EndocrineDisorder EndocrineDisorder endocrin disord endocrine disorder EndocrineDisorder EpSO:Ependymoma Ependymoma ependymoma Ependymoma EpSO:EpilepsyZone EpilepsyZone epilepsi zone epilepsy zone EpilepsyZone EpSO:EpilepticEpisode EpilepticEpisode epilept episod epileptic episode EpilepticEpisode EpSO:EpilepticSeizure EpilepticSeizure epilept seizur epileptic seizure EpilepticSeizure EpSO:EpileptiformBenignVariant EpileptiformBenignVariant epileptiform benign variant EpileptiformBenignVariant EpSO:EpileptiformPattern EpileptiformPattern epileptiform pattern EpileptiformPattern EpSO:EpileptogenicLesion EpileptogenicLesion epileptogen lesion epileptogenic lesion EpileptogenicLesion EpSO:EpileptogenicZone EpileptogenicZone epileptogen zone epileptogenic zone EpileptogenicZone EpSO:Epilim Epilim <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>151706</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> epilim Epilim EpSO:Escitalopram Escitalopram escitalopram Escitalopram EpSO:EscitalopramOxalate EscitalopramOxalate escitalopram oxal escitalopram oxalate EscitalopramOxalate EpSO:Etiology Etiology etiolog etiology Etiology EpSO:Etrafon Etrafon etrafon Etrafon EpSO:Euthasol Euthasol euthasol Euthasol EpSO:ExcessiveFastPattern ExcessiveFastPattern excess fast pattern excessive fast pattern ExcessiveFastPattern EpSO:ExtractedERPPattern ExtractedERPPattern extract e r p pattern extracted e r p pattern ExtractedERPPattern EpSO:Eye Eye orbit part of face orbital part of face Eye EpSO:Ezogabine Ezogabine ezogabin ezogabine Ezogabine EpSO:FaceSubdivision FaceSubdivision face subdivis face subdivision subdivis of face subdivision of face FaceSubdivision EpSO:Fanapt Fanapt fanapt Fanapt EpSO:Fanatrex Fanatrex <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>997847</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> fanatrex Fanatrex EpSO:FastAlphaVariant FastAlphaVariant fast alpha variant FastAlphaVariant EpSO:FastRipple FastRipple fast rippl fast ripple FastRipple EpSO:Fazaclo Fazaclo fazaclo Fazaclo EpSO:Felbamate Felbamate felbam felbamate Felbamate EpSO:Felbatol Felbatol felbatol felbatol® Felbatol EpSO:Fluoxetine Fluoxetine fluoxetin fluoxetine Fluoxetine EpSO:FluoxetineHydrochloride FluoxetineHydrochloride fluoxetin hydrochlorid fluoxetine hydrochloride FluoxetineHydrochloride EpSO:Flupenthixol Flupenthixol flupenthixol Flupenthixol EpSO:Fluphenazine Fluphenazine fluphenazin fluphenazine Fluphenazine EpSO:Fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine fluvoxamin fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine EpSO:FluvoxamineMaleate FluvoxamineMaleate fluvoxamin maleat fluvoxamine maleate FluvoxamineMaleate EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeI FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeI focal cortic dysplasia type i focal cortical dysplasia type i FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeI EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIA FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIA fcd type ia (abnorm radial cortic lamination) fcd type ia (abnormal radial cortical lamination) focal cortic dysplasia type i a focal cortical dysplasia type i a FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIA EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIB FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIB fcd type ib (abnorm tangenti cortic lamination) fcd type ib (abnormal tangential cortical lamination) focal cortic dysplasia type i b focal cortical dysplasia type i b FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIB EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIC FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIC fcd type ic (abnorm radial and tangenti cortic lamination) fcd type ic (abnormal radial and tangential cortical lamination) focal cortic dysplasia type i c focal cortical dysplasia type i c FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIC EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeII FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeII focal cortic dysplasia type i i focal cortical dysplasia type i i FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeII EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIA FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIA fcd type iia (dysmorph neuron) fcd type iia (dysmorphic neuron) focal cortic dysplasia type i i a focal cortical dysplasia type i i a FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIA EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIB FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIB fcd type iib (dysmorph neuron and balloon cell) fcd type iib (dysmorphic neurons and balloon cell) focal cortic dysplasia type i i b focal cortical dysplasia type i i b FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIB EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIII FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIII focal cortic dysplasia type i i i focal cortical dysplasia type i i i FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIII EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIA FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIA fcd type iiia (cortic lamin abnorm in the tempor lobe associ with hippocamp sclerosis) fcd type iiia (cortical lamination abnormality in the temporal lobe associated with hippocampal sclerosis) focal cortic dysplasia type i i i a focal cortical dysplasia type i i i a FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIA EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIB FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIB fcd type iiib (cortic lamin adjac to a glial or glioneuron tumor) fcd type iiib (cortical lamination adjacent to a glial or glioneuronal tumor) focal cortic dysplasia type i i i b focal cortical dysplasia type i i i b FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIB EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIC FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIC fcd type iiic (cortic lamin adjac to vascular malformation) fcd type iiic (cortical lamination adjacent to vascular malformation) focal cortic dysplasia type i i i c focal cortical dysplasia type i i i c FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIIC EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIID FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIID fcd type iiid (cortic lamin abnorm adjac to ani other lesion acquir dure earli life) fcd type iiid (cortical lamination abnormality adjacent to any other lesion acquired during early life) focal cortic dysplasia type i i i d focal cortical dysplasia type i i i d FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIID EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIINOS FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIINOS fcd type iii (not otherwis specified, nos) fcd type iii (not otherwise specified, nos) focal cortic dysplasia type i i i n o s focal cortical dysplasia type i i i n o s FocalCorticalDysplasiaTypeIIINOS EpSO:FocalEpilepsy FocalEpilepsy focal epilepsi focal epilepsy FocalEpilepsy EpSO:FocalEpileptogenicZone FocalEpileptogenicZone focal epileptogen zone focal epileptogenic zone FocalEpileptogenicZone EpSO:Focalin Focalin focalin Focalin EpSO:FootSegment FootSegment foot segment FootSegment EpSO:Forebrain Forebrain forebrain Forebrain EpSO:ForebrainNeuralTissue ForebrainNeuralTissue forebrain neural tissu forebrain neural tissue neural tissu of forebrain neural tissue of forebrain ForebrainNeuralTissue EpSO:ForebrainSegment ForebrainSegment forebrain segment segment of forebrain ForebrainSegment EpSO:Forfivo Forfivo forfivo Forfivo EpSO:Fourteen-SixHertzPositiveBurst Fourteen-SixHertzPositiveBurst fourteen- six hertz posit burst fourteen- six hertz positive burst Fourteen-SixHertzPositiveBurst EpSO:FourthToe FourthToe digitus quartus [iv] fourth toe FourthToe EpSO:FreeLimbSegment FreeLimbSegment free limb segment FreeLimbSegment EpSO:FreeLowerLimbSegment FreeLowerLimbSegment free lower limb segment FreeLowerLimbSegment EpSO:FreeUpperLimbSegment FreeUpperLimbSegment free upper limb segment FreeUpperLimbSegment EpSO:Frisium Frisium <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>151794</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> frisium Frisium EpSO:Frontal10-10System Frontal10-10System frontal 10-10 system frontal10-10 system Frontal10-10System EpSO:FrontalArousalRhythm FrontalArousalRhythm frontal arous rhythm frontal arousal rhythm FrontalArousalRhythm EpSO:FrontalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity FrontalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity frontal intermitt rythmic delta activ frontal intermittent rythmic delta activity FrontalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity EpSO:FrontalLobeDorsolateralZone FrontalLobeDorsolateralZone dorsolater zone of frontal lobe dorsolateral zone of frontal lobe frontal lobe dorsolater zone frontal lobe dorsolateral zone FrontalLobeDorsolateralZone EpSO:FrontalLobeGyrus FrontalLobeGyrus frontal lobe gyrus gyrus of frontal lobe FrontalLobeGyrus EpSO:FrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment FrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment frontal lobe orbitobas segment frontal lobe orbitobasal segment orbitobas region of frontal lobe orbitobas segment of frontal lobe orbitobasal region of frontal lobe orbitobasal segment of frontal lobe FrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment EpSO:FrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment FrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment frontal lobe orbitofront segment frontal lobe orbitofrontal segment orbito-front orbito-frontal orbitofront segment of frontal lobe orbitofrontal segment of frontal lobe FrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment EpSO:FrontalLobeSegment FrontalLobeSegment frontal frontal lobe segment region of frontal lobe segment of frontal lobe FrontalLobeSegment EpSO:FrontalOperculum FrontalOperculum frontal operculum fronto-opercular FrontalOperculum EpSO:FrontalPole FrontalPole frontal pole fronto-polar FrontalPole EpSO:FrontocentralN270 FrontocentralN270 frontocentr n270 frontocentral n270 FrontocentralN270 EpSO:FrontocentralP3a FrontocentralP3a frontocentr p3a frontocentral p3a p300 FrontocentralP3a EpSO:FrontopolarEpilepsy FrontopolarEpilepsy frontopolar epilepsi frontopolar epilepsy FrontopolarEpilepsy EpSO:FrontotemporalN3 FrontotemporalN3 frontotempor n3 frontotemporal n3 n300 FrontotemporalN3 EpSO:FunctionalDeficitZone FunctionalDeficitZone function deficit zone functional deficit zone FunctionalDeficitZone EpSO:GABRA1 GABRA1 g a b r a1 gamma-aminobutyr acid (gaba) a receptor, alpha 1 gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) a receptor, alpha 1 GABRA1 EpSO:GABRD GABRD g a b r d gamma-aminobutyr acid (gaba) a receptor, delta gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) a receptor, delta GABRD EpSO:GABRG2 GABRG2 g a b r g2 gamma-aminobutyr acid (gaba) a receptor, gamma 2 gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) a receptor, gamma 2 GABRG2 EpSO:GLI3 GLI3 g l i3 gli famili zinc finger 3 gli family zinc finger 3 GLI3 EpSO:Gabapentin Gabapentin gabapentin Gabapentin EpSO:Gabarone Gabarone <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>602396</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> gabaron gabarone Gabarone EpSO:Gabitril Gabitril gabitril gabitril® Gabitril EpSO:GelasticEpisode GelasticEpisode gelast episod gelastic episode GelasticEpisode EpSO:Gender Gender gender Gender EpSO:GeneralizedEpilepsy GeneralizedEpilepsy general epilepsi generalized epilepsy GeneralizedEpilepsy EpSO:GeneralizedEpilepsyWithFebrileSeizuresPlus GeneralizedEpilepsyWithFebrileSeizuresPlus gefs+ general epilepsi with febril seizur plus generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus GeneralizedEpilepsyWithFebrileSeizuresPlus EpSO:GeneralizedEpileptogenicZone GeneralizedEpileptogenicZone general epileptogen zone generalized epileptogenic zone GeneralizedEpileptogenicZone EpSO:GeneticDefect GeneticDefect genet defect genetic defect GeneticDefect EpSO:GeneticMutation GeneticMutation genet mutat genetic mutation GeneticMutation EpSO:Geodon Geodon geodon Geodon EpSO:GlioblastomaMultiforme GlioblastomaMultiforme glioblastoma multiform glioblastoma multiforme GlioblastomaMultiforme EpSO:Glioma Glioma glioma Glioma EpSO:GracileTubercle GracileTubercle gracil tubercl gracile tubercle GracileTubercle EpSO:Gralise Gralise gralis gralise Gralise EpSO:Granulomas Granulomas granuloma granulomas Granulomas EpSO:Habenula Habenula habenula habenular nuclei Habenula EpSO:HabenularTrigone HabenularTrigone habenular trigon habenular trigone HabenularTrigone EpSO:Haldol Haldol haldol Haldol EpSO:Haloperidol Haloperidol haloperidol Haloperidol EpSO:HandSegment HandSegment hand segment segment of hand HandSegment EpSO:Haponal Haponal <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>217492</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> hapon haponal Haponal EpSO:HeadRegion10-10System HeadRegion10-10System head region 10-10 system head region10-10 system HeadRegion10-10System EpSO:HeadSubdivision HeadSubdivision head subdivis head subdivision region of head subdivis of head subdivision of head HeadSubdivision EpSO:HealthCareEncounter HealthCareEncounter health care encount health care encounter HealthCareEncounter EpSO:HemiClonicEpisode HemiClonicEpisode hemi clonic episod hemi clonic episode HemiClonicEpisode EpSO:HemiClonicStatus HemiClonicStatus hemi clonic status HemiClonicStatus EpSO:Hemisphere10-10System Hemisphere10-10System hemispher 10-10 system hemisphere 10-10 system hemisphere10-10 system Hemisphere10-10System EpSO:HemisphericEpileptogenicZone HemisphericEpileptogenicZone hemispher hemispher epileptogen zone hemisphere hemispheric epileptogenic zone HemisphericEpileptogenicZone EpSO:HeterogeneousCluster HeterogeneousCluster heterogen cluster heterogeneous cluster HeterogeneousCluster EpSO:HighFrequencyOscillation HighFrequencyOscillation high frequenc oscil high frequency oscillation HighFrequencyOscillation EpSO:HippocampalEpilepsy HippocampalEpilepsy hippocamp epilepsi hippocampal epilepsy HippocampalEpilepsy EpSO:HippocampalFormation HippocampalFormation hippocamp format hippocampal formation hippocampus (crosby) HippocampalFormation EpSO:Hippocampus Hippocampus hippocamp hippocampal hippocampus Hippocampus EpSO:Horizant Horizant horiz horizant rxcu i095698 Horizant EpSO:HumanBeing HumanBeing human be human being HumanBeing EpSO:HumanBodyPart HumanBodyPart human bodi part human body part HumanBodyPart EpSO:Hyosophen Hyosophen <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>217656</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> hyosophen Hyosophen EpSO:HypehydroticSeizure HypehydroticSeizure hypehydrot seizur hypehydrotic seizure HypehydroticSeizure EpSO:HypermotorEpisode HypermotorEpisode hypermotor episod hypermotor episode HypermotorEpisode EpSO:Hypersomnia Hypersomnia hypersomnia Hypersomnia EpSO:HypertensiveSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage HypertensiveSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage hypertens spontan intracerebr hemorrhag hypertensive spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage HypertensiveSpontaneousIntracerebralHemorrhage EpSO:HyperventilationResponse HyperventilationResponse hyperventil respons hyperventilation response HyperventilationResponse EpSO:HypnogogicEpisode HypnogogicEpisode hypnogog episod hypnogogic episode HypnogogicEpisode EpSO:HypnogogicSeizure HypnogogicSeizure hypnogog seizur hypnogogic seizure HypnogogicSeizure EpSO:HypnogogicStatus HypnogogicStatus hypnogog status hypnogogic status HypnogogicStatus EpSO:HypnopompicEpisode HypnopompicEpisode hypnopomp episod hypnopompic episode HypnopompicEpisode EpSO:HypnopompicSeizure HypnopompicSeizure hypnopomp seizur hypnopompic seizure HypnopompicSeizure EpSO:HypnopompicStatus HypnopompicStatus hypnopomp status hypnopompic status HypnopompicStatus EpSO:HypomotorEpisode HypomotorEpisode hypomotor episod hypomotor episode HypomotorEpisode EpSO:HypopneaSyndrome HypopneaSyndrome hypopnea syndrom hypopnea syndrome HypopneaSyndrome EpSO:HypothalamicEpilepsy HypothalamicEpilepsy hypothalam epilepsi hypothalamic epilepsy HypothalamicEpilepsy EpSO:HypothalamusSegment HypothalamusSegment hypothalamus segment segment of hypothalamus HypothalamusSegment EpSO:HypothalamusZone HypothalamusZone hypothalamus zone zone of hypothalamus HypothalamusZone EpSO:HypoxicIschemicInjury HypoxicIschemicInjury hypox ischem injuri hypoxic ischemic injury HypoxicIschemicInjury EpSO:IctalPattern IctalPattern ictal pattern IctalPattern EpSO:Iloperidone Iloperidone iloperidon iloperidone Iloperidone EpSO:Imipramine Imipramine imipramin imipramine Imipramine EpSO:ImipramineHydrochloride ImipramineHydrochloride imipramin hydrochlorid imipramine hydrochloride ImipramineHydrochloride EpSO:ImipraminePamoate ImipraminePamoate imipramin pamoat imipramine pamoate ImipraminePamoate EpSO:ImmaterialAnatomicalEntity ImmaterialAnatomicalEntity immateri anatom entiti immateri physic anatom entiti immaterial anatomical entity immaterial physical anatomical entity ImmaterialAnatomicalEntity EpSO:Inapsine Inapsine <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>202603</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> inapsin inapsine Inapsine EpSO:IncreasedAsymmetryPattern IncreasedAsymmetryPattern increas asymmetri pattern increased asymmetry pattern IncreasedAsymmetryPattern EpSO:IndexFinger IndexFinger index finger second digit of hand IndexFinger EpSO:Infant Infant infant Infant EpSO:Infection Infection infect infection Infection EpSO:Inflammation Inflammation inflamm inflammation Inflammation EpSO:Inion Inion inion Inion EpSO:Inovelon Inovelon inovelon inovelon® Inovelon EpSO:Insula Insula insula insular insular region Insula EpSO:InsulaAnteriorLobule InsulaAnteriorLobule anterior lobul of insula anterior lobule of insula anterior segment of insula insula anterior lobul insula anterior lobule InsulaAnteriorLobule EpSO:InsulaGyrus InsulaGyrus gyrus of insula insula gyrus InsulaGyrus EpSO:InsulaLobule InsulaLobule insula lobul insula lobule lobul of insula lobule of insula segment of insula InsulaLobule EpSO:InsulaPosteriorLobule InsulaPosteriorLobule insula posterior lobul insula posterior lobule posterior lobul of insula posterior lobule of insula posterior segment of insula InsulaPosteriorLobule EpSO:InsularEpilepsy InsularEpilepsy insular epilepsi insular epilepsy InsularEpilepsy EpSO:InterIctalPattern InterIctalPattern inter ictal pattern InterIctalPattern EpSO:IntergeniculateLeaf IntergeniculateLeaf intergenicul leaf intergeniculate leaf IntergeniculateLeaf EpSO:IntermediateHypothalamicRegion IntermediateHypothalamicRegion intermedi hypothalam area intermedi hypothalam region intermediate hypothalamic area intermediate hypothalamic region IntermediateHypothalamicRegion EpSO:IntermediateHypothalamicRegionSegment IntermediateHypothalamicRegionSegment intermedi hypothalam region segment intermediate hypothalamic region segment segment of intermedi hypothalam region segment of intermediate hypothalamic region IntermediateHypothalamicRegionSegment EpSO:IntermittentSlowActivityEnd IntermittentSlowActivityEnd end of intermitt slow end of intermittent slow intermitt slow activ end intermittent slow activity end IntermittentSlowActivityEnd EpSO:IntermittentSlowActivityOnset IntermittentSlowActivityOnset intermitt slow activ onset intermittent slow activity onset onset of intermitt slow onset of intermittent slow IntermittentSlowActivityOnset EpSO:InternalGrayMatterComponent InternalGrayMatterComponent intern gray matter compon internal gray matter component InternalGrayMatterComponent EpSO:IntraCranialEEGData IntraCranialEEGData intra cranial e e g data IntraCranialEEGData EpSO:IntraCranialERPData IntraCranialERPData intra cranial e r p data IntraCranialERPData EpSO:IntracerebralHemorrhage IntracerebralHemorrhage intracerebr hemorrhag intracerebral hemorrhage IntracerebralHemorrhage EpSO:IntracranialElectrode IntracranialElectrode intracrani electrod intracranial electrode IntracranialElectrode EpSO:IntralaminarNuclearGroupThalamusSegment IntralaminarNuclearGroupThalamusSegment intralaminar nuclear group thalamus segment segment of intralaminar nuclear group of thalamus IntralaminarNuclearGroupThalamusSegment EpSO:Invega Invega invega Invega EpSO:IpsilateralIctalBlinking IpsilateralIctalBlinking ipsilater ictal blink ipsilateral ictal blinking unilater eye blink unilateral eye blinking IpsilateralIctalBlinking EpSO:IrritativeZone IrritativeZone irrit zone irritative zone IrritativeZone EpSO:Isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid isocarboxazid Isocarboxazid EpSO:JamaisVuStatus JamaisVuStatus jamai vu status jamais vu status JamaisVuStatus EpSO:JitteryPhase JitteryPhase jitteri phase jittery phase JitteryPhase EpSO:JitteryPhaseEnd JitteryPhaseEnd end of jitteri phase end of jittery phase jitteri phase end jittery phase end JitteryPhaseEnd EpSO:JitteryPhaseOnset JitteryPhaseOnset jitteri phase onset jittery phase onset onset of jitteri phase onset of jittery phase JitteryPhaseOnset EpSO:Keppra Keppra keppra keppra® Keppra EpSO:KeppraXR KeppraXR <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>827207</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> keppra x r keppra xr™ KeppraXR EpSO:Klonopin Klonopin klonopin Klonopin EpSO:LGI1 LGI1 l g i1 leucine-rich, glioma inactiv 1 leucine-rich, glioma inactivated 1 LGI1 EpSO:Lacosamide Lacosamide lacosamid lacosamide Lacosamide EpSO:Lamictal Lamictal lamict lamictal lamictal® Lamictal EpSO:Lamotrigine Lamotrigine lamotrigin lamotrigine Lamotrigine EpSO:LateralFrontalEpilepsy LateralFrontalEpilepsy later frontal epilepsi lateral frontal epilepsy LateralFrontalEpilepsy EpSO:LateralFrontalLobeSegment LateralFrontalLobeSegment later frontal later frontal lobe segment lateral frontal lateral frontal lobe segment LateralFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:LateralGeniculateBodySegment LateralGeniculateBodySegment later genicul bodi segment later genicul bodi subdivis lateral geniculate body segment lateral geniculate body subdivision subdivis of later genicul bodi subdivision of lateral geniculate body LateralGeniculateBodySegment EpSO:LateralHypothalamicRegion LateralHypothalamicRegion later divis of hypothalamus later hypothalam region lateral division of hypothalamus lateral hypothalamic region LateralHypothalamicRegion EpSO:LateralHypothalamicRegionSegment LateralHypothalamicRegionSegment later hypothalam region segment lateral hypothalamic region segment segment of later hypothalam region segment of lateral hypothalamic region LateralHypothalamicRegionSegment EpSO:LateralHypothalamusZone LateralHypothalamusZone later hypothalamus zone later zone of hypothalamus lateral hypothalamus zone lateral zone of hypothalamus LateralHypothalamusZone EpSO:LateralLemniscusTrigone LateralLemniscusTrigone later lemniscus trigon lateral lemniscus trigone trigon of later lemniscus trigone of lateral lemniscus LateralLemniscusTrigone EpSO:LateralNuclearGroupThalamusSegment LateralNuclearGroupThalamusSegment later nuclear group thalamus segment lateral nuclear group thalamus segment segment of later nuclear group of thalamus segment of lateral nuclear group of thalamus LateralNuclearGroupThalamusSegment EpSO:LateralOccipitalEpilepsy LateralOccipitalEpilepsy later occipit epilepsi lateral occipital epilepsy LateralOccipitalEpilepsy EpSO:LateralOccipitalLobeSegment LateralOccipitalLobeSegment later occipit lobe segment lateral occipital lobe segment LateralOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:LateralParietalEpilepsy LateralParietalEpilepsy later pariet epilepsi lateral parietal epilepsy LateralParietalEpilepsy EpSO:LateralParietalLobeSegment LateralParietalLobeSegment later pariet later pariet lobe segment lateral parietal lateral parietal lobe segment LateralParietalLobeSegment EpSO:LateralTemporalEpilepsy LateralTemporalEpilepsy later tempor epilepsi lateral temporal epilepsy LateralTemporalEpilepsy EpSO:LateralTemporalLobeSegment LateralTemporalLobeSegment later tempor later tempor lobe segment lateral temporal lateral temporal lobe segment LateralTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:LateralizingSign LateralizingSign later sign lateralizing sign LateralizingSign EpSO:LateralizingSignVersion LateralizingSignVersion later sign version lateralizing sign version LateralizingSignVersion EpSO:Latuda Latuda latuda Latuda EpSO:LeftAmygdala LeftAmygdala left amygdala LeftAmygdala EpSO:LeftAnteriorCingulateSegment LeftAnteriorCingulateSegment left anterior cingul segment left anterior cingulate segment LeftAnteriorCingulateSegment EpSO:LeftAnteriorFrontalLobeSegment LeftAnteriorFrontalLobeSegment left anterior frontal lobe segment LeftAnteriorFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftAnteriorTemporalLobeSegment LeftAnteriorTemporalLobeSegment left anterior tempor lobe segment left anterior temporal lobe segment LeftAnteriorTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftArm LeftArm left arm left brachial region LeftArm EpSO:LeftBasalOccipitalLobeSegment LeftBasalOccipitalLobeSegment left basal occipit lobe segment left basal occipital lobe segment LeftBasalOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftBasalTemporalLobeSegment LeftBasalTemporalLobeSegment left basal tempor left basal tempor lobe segment left basal temporal left basal temporal lobe segment LeftBasalTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftBigToe LeftBigToe left big toe LeftBigToe EpSO:LeftBrainstemSegment LeftBrainstemSegment left brainstem segment left side of brainstem LeftBrainstemSegment EpSO:LeftCerebellumHemisphere LeftCerebellumHemisphere left cerebellum hemispher left cerebellum hemisphere left hemispher of cerebellum left hemisphere of cerebellum LeftCerebellumHemisphere EpSO:LeftCerebralHemisphere LeftCerebralHemisphere left cerebr hemispher left cerebral hemisphere LeftCerebralHemisphere EpSO:LeftCingulateGyrus LeftCingulateGyrus left cingul gyrus left cingulate gyrus LeftCingulateGyrus EpSO:LeftDorsalHypothalamicArea LeftDorsalHypothalamicArea left dorsal hypothalam area left dorsal hypothalamic area LeftDorsalHypothalamicArea EpSO:LeftEye LeftEye left eye left orbit region left orbital region LeftEye EpSO:LeftFoot LeftFoot left foot LeftFoot EpSO:LeftForearm LeftForearm left antebrachi region left antebrachial region left forearm LeftForearm EpSO:LeftFourthToe LeftFourthToe left fourth toe LeftFourthToe EpSO:LeftFrontalAstrocytoma LeftFrontalAstrocytoma left frontal astrocytoma LeftFrontalAstrocytoma EpSO:LeftFrontalLobe LeftFrontalLobe left frontal lobe LeftFrontalLobe EpSO:LeftFrontalLobeDorsolateralZone LeftFrontalLobeDorsolateralZone dorsolater zone of left frontal lobe dorsolateral zone of left frontal lobe left frontal lobe dorsolater zone left frontal lobe dorsolateral zone LeftFrontalLobeDorsolateralZone EpSO:LeftFrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment LeftFrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment left frontal lobe orbitobas segment left frontal lobe orbitobasal segment orbitobas segment of left frontal lobe orbitobasal segment of left frontal lobe LeftFrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment EpSO:LeftFrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment LeftFrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment left basal frontal left frontal lobe orbitofront segment left frontal lobe orbitofrontal segment orbitofront segment of left frontal lobe orbitofrontal segment of left frontal lobe LeftFrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment EpSO:LeftFrontalPole LeftFrontalPole left frontal pole left fronto-polar right frontal pole LeftFrontalPole EpSO:LeftHand LeftHand left hand LeftHand EpSO:LeftHemisphereTumorResection LeftHemisphereTumorResection left hemispher tumor resect left hemisphere tumor resection LeftHemisphereTumorResection EpSO:LeftHippocampalFormation LeftHippocampalFormation left hippocamp format left hippocampal formation LeftHippocampalFormation EpSO:LeftHippocampus LeftHippocampus left hippocampus LeftHippocampus EpSO:LeftIndexFinger LeftIndexFinger left index finger LeftIndexFinger EpSO:LeftInsula LeftInsula left insula left insular LeftInsula EpSO:LeftInsulaAnteriorLobule LeftInsulaAnteriorLobule anterior lobul of left insula anterior lobule of left insula anterior segment of left insula left insula anterior lobul left insula anterior lobule LeftInsulaAnteriorLobule EpSO:LeftInsulaPosteriorLobule LeftInsulaPosteriorLobule left insula posterior lobul left insula posterior lobule posterior lobul of left insula posterior lobule of left insula posterior segment of left insula LeftInsulaPosteriorLobule EpSO:LeftLateralFrontalLobeSegment LeftLateralFrontalLobeSegment left later frontal left later frontal lobe segment left lateral frontal left lateral frontal lobe segment LeftLateralFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftLateralOccipitalLobeSegment LeftLateralOccipitalLobeSegment left later occipit lobe segment left lateral occipital lobe segment LeftLateralOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftLateralParietalLobeSegment LeftLateralParietalLobeSegment left later pariet left later pariet lobe segment left lateral parietal left lateral parietal lobe segment LeftLateralParietalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftLateralTemporalLobeSegment LeftLateralTemporalLobeSegment left later tempor left later tempor lobe segment left lateral temporal left lateral temporal lobe segment LeftLateralTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftLeg LeftLeg left leg LeftLeg EpSO:LeftLimbicLobe LeftLimbicLobe left limbic lobe LeftLimbicLobe EpSO:LeftLittleFinger LeftLittleFinger left littl finger left little finger LeftLittleFinger EpSO:LeftLittleToe LeftLittleToe left littl toe left little toe LeftLittleToe EpSO:LeftMesialFrontalLobeSegment LeftMesialFrontalLobeSegment left mesial frontal left mesial frontal lobe segment LeftMesialFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftMesialOccipitalLobeSegment LeftMesialOccipitalLobeSegment left mesial occipit lobe segment left mesial occipital lobe segment LeftMesialOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftMesialParietalLobeSegment LeftMesialParietalLobeSegment left mesial pariet lobe segment left mesial parietal lobe segment LeftMesialParietalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftMesialTemporalLesion LeftMesialTemporalLesion left mesial tempor lesion left mesial temporal lesion LeftMesialTemporalLesion EpSO:LeftMesialTemporalLobeSegment LeftMesialTemporalLobeSegment left mesial tempor left mesial tempor lobe segment left mesial temporal left mesial temporal lobe segment LeftMesialTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftMidCingulateSegment LeftMidCingulateSegment left mid cingul segment left mid cingulate segment LeftMidCingulateSegment EpSO:LeftMiddleFinger LeftMiddleFinger left middl finger left middle finger LeftMiddleFinger EpSO:LeftOccipitalLobe LeftOccipitalLobe left occipit left occipit lobe left occipital left occipital lobe LeftOccipitalLobe EpSO:LeftOccipitalPole LeftOccipitalPole left occipit pole left occipital pole LeftOccipitalPole EpSO:LeftOccipitalPoleProper LeftOccipitalPoleProper left occipit pole proper left occipital pole proper LeftOccipitalPoleProper EpSO:LeftParietalLobe LeftParietalLobe left pariet left pariet lobe left parietal left parietal lobe LeftParietalLobe EpSO:LeftPosteriorCingulateSegment LeftPosteriorCingulateSegment left posterior cingul segment left posterior cingulate segment LeftPosteriorCingulateSegment EpSO:LeftPosteriorFrontalLobeSegment LeftPosteriorFrontalLobeSegment left posterior frontal lobe segment LeftPosteriorFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftPosteriorTemporalLobeSegment LeftPosteriorTemporalLobeSegment left posterior tempor lobe segment left posterior temporal lobe segment LeftPosteriorTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:LeftRingFinger LeftRingFinger left ring finger LeftRingFinger EpSO:LeftSecondToe LeftSecondToe left second toe LeftSecondToe EpSO:LeftShoulder LeftShoulder left shoulder LeftShoulder EpSO:LeftSignOfFour LeftSignOfFour left sign of 4 left sign of four LeftSignOfFour EpSO:LeftSphenoidal LeftSphenoidal left sphenoid left sphenoidal LeftSphenoidal EpSO:LeftTemporalLobe LeftTemporalLobe left tempor left tempor lobe left temporal left temporal lobe LeftTemporalLobe EpSO:LeftTemporalPole LeftTemporalPole left tempor pole left temporal pole left temporal-polar LeftTemporalPole EpSO:LeftThigh LeftThigh left thigh LeftThigh EpSO:LeftThirdToe LeftThirdToe left third toe LeftThirdToe EpSO:LeftThumb LeftThumb left thumb LeftThumb EpSO:LeftandRightSphenoidal LeftandRightSphenoidal left & right sphenoid left & right sphenoidal leftand right sphenoid leftand right sphenoidal LeftandRightSphenoidal EpSO:Leg Leg intermedi segment of free lower limb intermediate segment of free lower limb Leg EpSO:LemniscalTrigone LemniscalTrigone lemnisc trigon lemniscal trigone LemniscalTrigone EpSO:Levetiracetam Levetiracetam levetiracetam Levetiracetam EpSO:LevomepromazineMaleate LevomepromazineMaleate levomepromazin maleat levomepromazine maleate LevomepromazineMaleate EpSO:Lexapro Lexapro lexapro Lexapro EpSO:LimbSegment LimbSegment limb segment LimbSegment EpSO:LimbicLobe LimbicLobe grand lobe limbiqu of broca grande lobe limbique of broca limbic lobe LimbicLobe EpSO:LimbicLobeGyrus LimbicLobeGyrus gyrus of limbic lobe limbic lobe gyrus LimbicLobeGyrus EpSO:Limbitrol Limbitrol limbitrol Limbitrol EpSO:LiquADD LiquADD <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>800481</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> liqu a d d LiquADD EpSO:Lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine lisdexamfetamin lisdexamfetamine Lisdexamfetamine EpSO:LisdexamfetamineDimesylate LisdexamfetamineDimesylate lisdexamfetamin dimesyl lisdexamfetamine dimesylate LisdexamfetamineDimesylate EpSO:Lissencephaly Lissencephaly lissencephali lissencephaly Lissencephaly EpSO:Lithium Lithium lithium Lithium EpSO:LithiumOrotate LithiumOrotate lithium orot lithium orotate LithiumOrotate EpSO:LittleFinger LittleFinger fifth digit of hand littl finger little finger LittleFinger EpSO:LittleToe LittleToe digitus minimus; digitus quintus [v] littl toe little toe LittleToe EpSO:LobarEpileptogenicZone LobarEpileptogenicZone lobar epileptogen zone lobar epileptogenic zone LobarEpileptogenicZone EpSO:Lofepramine Lofepramine lofepramin lofepramine Lofepramine EpSO:LofepramineHydrochloride LofepramineHydrochloride lofepramin hydrochlorid lofepramine hydrochloride LofepramineHydrochloride EpSO:Lorazepam Lorazepam lorazepam Lorazepam EpSO:LossOfConsciousnessState LossOfConsciousnessState loss of conscious state loss of consciousness state loss of consciousness (loc) refers to complete unresponsiveness with postictal amnesia for the events that happened during the seizure. LossOfConsciousnessState EpSO:LowGradeGlioma LowGradeGlioma low grade glioma LowGradeGlioma EpSO:Lubazodone Lubazodone lubazodon lubazodone Lubazodone EpSO:Luminal Luminal <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>847470</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> lumin luminal Luminal EpSO:Lurasidone Lurasidone lurasidon lurasidone Lurasidone EpSO:LurasidoneHydrochloride LurasidoneHydrochloride lurasidon hydrochlorid lurasidone hydrochloride LurasidoneHydrochloride EpSO:Luvox Luvox luvox Luvox EpSO:Lyrica Lyrica lyrica Lyrica EpSO:MacropsiaStatus MacropsiaStatus macropsia status MacropsiaStatus EpSO:Maprotiline Maprotiline maprotilin maprotiline Maprotiline EpSO:MaprotilineHydrochloride MaprotilineHydrochloride maprotilin hydrochlorid maprotiline hydrochloride MaprotilineHydrochloride EpSO:MaprotilineMesylate MaprotilineMesylate maprotilin mesyl maprotiline mesylate MaprotilineMesylate EpSO:Marplan Marplan marplan Marplan EpSO:MaterialAnatomicalEntity MaterialAnatomicalEntity materi anatom entiti material anatomical entity MaterialAnatomicalEntity EpSO:MeasurementUnit MeasurementUnit measur unit measurement unit MeasurementUnit EpSO:MedialGeniculateBodySegment MedialGeniculateBodySegment medial genicul bodi segment medial geniculate body segment segment of medial genicul bodi segment of medial geniculate body MedialGeniculateBodySegment EpSO:MedialHypothalamusZone MedialHypothalamusZone medial hypothalamus zone medial zone of hypothalamus MedialHypothalamusZone EpSO:MedialOccipitotemporalGyrus MedialOccipitotemporalGyrus medial occipitotempor gyrus medial occipitotemporal gyrus MedialOccipitotemporalGyrus EpSO:MedialOlfactoryGyrus MedialOlfactoryGyrus medial olfactori gyrus medial olfactory gyrus MedialOlfactoryGyrus EpSO:MedialParietalLobe MedialParietalLobe medial pariet medial pariet lobe medial parietal medial parietal lobe MedialParietalLobe EpSO:MedullaOblongata MedullaOblongata medulla oblongata zone of medulla oblongata MedullaOblongata EpSO:MedullaOblongataNeuralTissue MedullaOblongataNeuralTissue medulla oblongata neural tissu medulla oblongata neural tissue neural tissu of medulla oblongata neural tissue of medulla oblongata MedullaOblongataNeuralTissue EpSO:MedullaPyramid MedullaPyramid medulla pyramid pyramid of medulla MedullaPyramid EpSO:Megalencephaly Megalencephaly megalencephali megalencephaly Megalencephaly EpSO:Mellaril Mellaril <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>152018</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> mellaril Mellaril EpSO:Mellaril-S Mellaril-S <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>218304</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> mellaril- s Mellaril-S EpSO:Meningioma Meningioma meningioma Meningioma EpSO:MesialFrontalEpilepsy MesialFrontalEpilepsy mesial frontal epilepsi mesial frontal epilepsy MesialFrontalEpilepsy EpSO:MesialFrontalLobeSegment MesialFrontalLobeSegment mesial frontal mesial frontal lobe segment MesialFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:MesialOccipitalEpilepsy MesialOccipitalEpilepsy mesial occipit epilepsi mesial occipital epilepsy MesialOccipitalEpilepsy EpSO:MesialOccipitalLobeSegment MesialOccipitalLobeSegment mesial occipit lobe segment mesial occipital lobe segment MesialOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:MesialParietalEpilepsy MesialParietalEpilepsy mesial pariet epilepsi mesial parietal epilepsy MesialParietalEpilepsy EpSO:MesialParietalLobeSegment MesialParietalLobeSegment mesial pariet lobe segment mesial parietal lobe segment MesialParietalLobeSegment EpSO:MesialTemporalLobeSegment MesialTemporalLobeSegment mesial tempor mesial tempor lobe segment mesial temporal mesial temporal lobe segment MesialTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:Mesoridazine Mesoridazine mesoridazin mesoridazine Mesoridazine EpSO:MetabolicCause MetabolicCause metabol caus metabolic cause MetabolicCause EpSO:Metadate Metadate metad metadate Metadate EpSO:MetamorphopsiaStatus MetamorphopsiaStatus metamorphopsia status MetamorphopsiaStatus EpSO:MetastaticTumor MetastaticTumor metastat tumor metastatic tumor MetastaticTumor EpSO:MetathalamusSegment MetathalamusSegment metathalamus segment segment of metathalamus MetathalamusSegment EpSO:Metencephalon Metencephalon metencephalon neural tissu of metencephalon neural tissue of metencephalon Metencephalon EpSO:MetencephalonSegment MetencephalonSegment metencephalon segment metencephalon subdivis metencephalon subdivision segment of metencephalon segment of metencephalon segment MetencephalonSegment EpSO:MetencephalonZone MetencephalonZone metencephalon zone zone of metencephalon MetencephalonZone EpSO:Methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine methotrimeprazin methotrimeprazine Methotrimeprazine EpSO:Methylin Methylin methylin Methylin EpSO:Methylphenidate Methylphenidate methylphenid methylphenidate Methylphenidate EpSO:MethylphenidateHydrochloride MethylphenidateHydrochloride methylphenid hydrochlorid methylphenidate hydrochloride MethylphenidateHydrochloride EpSO:Mianserin Mianserin mianserin Mianserin EpSO:MianserinHydrochloride MianserinHydrochloride mianserin hydrochlorid mianserin hydrochloride MianserinHydrochloride EpSO:MicropsiaStatus MicropsiaStatus micropsia status MicropsiaStatus EpSO:MidCingulateSegment MidCingulateSegment mid cingul segment mid cingulate segment MidCingulateSegment EpSO:MidbrainNeuralTissue MidbrainNeuralTissue midbrain neural tissu midbrain neural tissue neural tissu of midbrain neural tissue of midbrain MidbrainNeuralTissue EpSO:MiddleFinger MiddleFinger middl finger middle finger third finger MiddleFinger EpSO:MiddleFreeLimbSegment MiddleFreeLimbSegment middl free limb segment middle free limb segment MiddleFreeLimbSegment EpSO:MidlineNuclearGroupThalamusSegment MidlineNuclearGroupThalamusSegment midlin nuclear group thalamus segment midline nuclear group thalamus segment segment of midlin nuclear group of thalamus segment of midline nuclear group of thalamus MidlineNuclearGroupThalamusSegment EpSO:MidlineThetaRhythm MidlineThetaRhythm midlin theta rhythm midline theta rhythm MidlineThetaRhythm EpSO:Milnacipran Milnacipran milnacipran Milnacipran EpSO:MilnacipranHydrochloride MilnacipranHydrochloride milnacipran hydrochlorid milnacipran hydrochloride MilnacipranHydrochloride EpSO:Mirtazapine Mirtazapine mirtazapin mirtazapine Mirtazapine EpSO:MitochondrialEncephalomyopathyLacticAcidosisStrokelikeEpisodes MitochondrialEncephalomyopathyLacticAcidosisStrokelikeEpisodes mela melas mitochondri encephalomyopathi lactic acidosi strokelik episod mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis strokelike episodes MitochondrialEncephalomyopathyLacticAcidosisStrokelikeEpisodes EpSO:Moclobemide Moclobemide moclobemid moclobemide Moclobemide EpSO:Month Month month Month EpSO:MotorBereitschaftspotential MotorBereitschaftspotential bereitschaftspotenti bereitschaftspotential motor bereitschaftspotenti motor bereitschaftspotential MotorBereitschaftspotential EpSO:MotorEpisode MotorEpisode motor episod motor episode MotorEpisode EpSO:MultiFocalEpilepsy MultiFocalEpilepsy multi focal epilepsi multi focal epilepsy MultiFocalEpilepsy EpSO:MultiLobarEpilepticZone MultiLobarEpilepticZone multi lobar epilept zone multi lobar epileptic zone MultiLobarEpilepticZone EpSO:MyoclonicEpisode MyoclonicEpisode myoclon episod myoclonic episode MyoclonicEpisode EpSO:Mysoline Mysoline mysolin mysoline mysoline® Mysoline EpSO:Nasion Nasion nasion Nasion EpSO:Navane Navane <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>227449</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> navan navane Navane EpSO:Nefazodone Nefazodone nefazodon nefazodone Nefazodone EpSO:NefazodoneHydrochloride NefazodoneHydrochloride nefazodon hydrochlorid nefazodone hydrochloride NefazodoneHydrochloride EpSO:NegativeMyclonicStatus NegativeMyclonicStatus negat myclon status negative myclonic status NegativeMyclonicStatus EpSO:NegativeMyoclonicEpisode NegativeMyoclonicEpisode negat myoclon episod negative myoclonic episode NegativeMyoclonicEpisode EpSO:Neonate Neonate neonat neonate Neonate EpSO:Neoplastic Neoplastic metastasi metastasis neoplast neoplastic Neoplastic EpSO:NeuraxisCellPartCluster NeuraxisCellPartCluster cell part cluster of neuraxi cell part cluster of neuraxis neuraxi cell part cluster neuraxi layer neuraxis cell part cluster neuraxis layer NeuraxisCellPartCluster EpSO:NeuraxisGanglion NeuraxisGanglion ganglion of neuraxi ganglion of neuraxis neuraxi ganglion neuraxis ganglion NeuraxisGanglion EpSO:NeuraxisGrayMatter NeuraxisGrayMatter gray matter gray matter of neuraxi gray matter of neuraxis neuraxi gray matter neuraxis gray matter NeuraxisGrayMatter EpSO:NeuraxisSegment NeuraxisSegment neuraxi segment neuraxis segment segment of neuraxi segment of neuraxis NeuraxisSegment EpSO:NeuraxisZone NeuraxisZone cell part cluster neuraxi zone neuraxis zone NeuraxisZone EpSO:NeuronalHeterotopia NeuronalHeterotopia neuron heterotopia neuronal heterotopia NeuronalHeterotopia EpSO:Neurontin Neurontin neurontin neurontin® Neurontin EpSO:NeuropsychiatricProblem NeuropsychiatricProblem neuropsychiatr problem neuropsychiatric problem NeuropsychiatricProblem EpSO:NightTerror NightTerror night terror NightTerror EpSO:Nocturia Nocturia nocturia Nocturia EpSO:NodularHeterotopias NodularHeterotopias nodular heterotopia nodular heterotopias NodularHeterotopias EpSO:NonEpilepticSeizure NonEpilepticSeizure episod semiolog #opic# episode semiology #opic# non epilept seizur non epileptic seizure NonEpilepticSeizure EpSO:NonSomatotopic NonSomatotopic non somatotop non somatotopic NonSomatotopic EpSO:NonTwentyFourHourSleepWakeSyndrome NonTwentyFourHourSleepWakeSyndrome non twenti four hour sleep wake syndrom non twenty four hour sleep wake syndrome non-24-hour-sleep-wake-syndrom non-24-hour-sleep-wake-syndrome NonTwentyFourHourSleepWakeSyndrome EpSO:NormalEEGPattern NormalEEGPattern normal e e g pattern NormalEEGPattern EpSO:Norpramin Norpramin norpramin Norpramin EpSO:Nortriptyline Nortriptyline nortriptylin nortriptyline Nortriptyline EpSO:NortriptylineHydrochloride NortriptylineHydrochloride nortriptylin hydrochlorid nortriptyline hydrochloride NortriptylineHydrochloride EpSO:Noxene Noxene <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>541408</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> noxen noxene Noxene EpSO:ObstructiveSleepApnea ObstructiveSleepApnea obstruct sleep apnea obstructive sleep apnea ObstructiveSleepApnea EpSO:Occipital10-10System Occipital10-10System occipit 10-10 system occipital 10-10 system occipital10-10 system Occipital10-10System EpSO:OccipitalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity OccipitalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity occipit intermitt rythmic delta activ occipital intermittent rythmic delta activity OccipitalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity EpSO:OccipitalLobeGyrus OccipitalLobeGyrus gyrus of occipit lobe gyrus of occipital lobe occipit lobe gyrus occipital lobe gyrus OccipitalLobeGyrus EpSO:OccipitalLobeSegment OccipitalLobeSegment occipit lobe segment occipital lobe segment OccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:OccipitalPole OccipitalPole occipit pole occipital pole OccipitalPole EpSO:OccipitalPoleEpilepsy OccipitalPoleEpilepsy occipit pole epilepsi occipital pole epilepsy OccipitalPoleEpilepsy EpSO:OccipitalPoleProper OccipitalPoleProper occipit pole proper occipital pole proper OccipitalPoleProper EpSO:Olanzapine Olanzapine olanzapin olanzapine Olanzapine EpSO:OlfactoryTrigone OlfactoryTrigone olfactori trigon olfactory trigone OlfactoryTrigone EpSO:Oligoastrocytoma Oligoastrocytoma oligoastrocytoma Oligoastrocytoma EpSO:Oligodendroglioma Oligodendroglioma oligodendroglioma Oligodendroglioma EpSO:OneDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum OneDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum one dimension cartesian spatial coordin datum one dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum OneDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum EpSO:OneDimensionalXCoordinateDatum OneDimensionalXCoordinateDatum one dimension x coordin datum one dimension xcoordin datum one dimensional x coordinate datum one dimensional xcoordinate datum OneDimensionalXCoordinateDatum EpSO:Onfi Onfi onfi onfi® Onfi EpSO:Opipramol Opipramol opipramol Opipramol EpSO:OpipramolHydrochloride OpipramolHydrochloride opipramol hydrochlorid opipramol hydrochloride OpipramolHydrochloride EpSO:Orap Orap orap Orap EpSO:OrbitalOperculum OrbitalOperculum orbit operculum orbital operculum OrbitalOperculum EpSO:OrbitoFrontalEpilepsy OrbitoFrontalEpilepsy orbito frontal epilepsi orbito frontal epilepsy OrbitoFrontalEpilepsy EpSO:OrganComponentRegion OrganComponentRegion organ compon region organ component region region of organ compon region of organ component OrganComponentRegion EpSO:OrganRegion OrganRegion organ region OrganRegion EpSO:OrganSegment OrganSegment organ segment segment of organ OrganSegment EpSO:Organism Organism organ organism Organism EpSO:Oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine oxcarbazepin oxcarbazepine Oxcarbazepine EpSO:Oxtellar Oxtellar oxtellar Oxtellar EpSO:PainfulSeizure PainfulSeizure pain seizur painful seizure plain seizur plainful seizure PainfulSeizure EpSO:PainfulSeizureStatus PainfulSeizureStatus pain seizur status painful seizure status PainfulSeizureStatus EpSO:PalinopsiaStatus PalinopsiaStatus palinopsia status PalinopsiaStatus EpSO:Paliperidone Paliperidone paliperidon paliperidone Paliperidone EpSO:Pamelor Pamelor pamelor Pamelor EpSO:ParaHippocampalEpilepsy ParaHippocampalEpilepsy para hippocamp epilepsi para hippocampal epilepsy ParaHippocampalEpilepsy EpSO:ParadoxicalClonus ParadoxicalClonus paradox clonus paradoxical clonus ParadoxicalClonus EpSO:ParasiticCysts ParasiticCysts parasit cyst parasitic cysts ParasiticCysts EpSO:ParestheticSeizure ParestheticSeizure paresthet seizur paresthetic seizure ParestheticSeizure EpSO:ParestheticStatus ParestheticStatus paresthet status paresthetic status ParestheticStatus EpSO:Parietal10-10System Parietal10-10System pariet 10-10 system parietal 10-10 system parietal10-10 system Parietal10-10System EpSO:ParietalLobeGyrus ParietalLobeGyrus gyrus of pariet lobe gyrus of parietal lobe pariet lobe gyrus parietal lobe gyrus ParietalLobeGyrus EpSO:ParietalLobeSegment ParietalLobeSegment pariet lobe segment parietal lobe segment ParietalLobeSegment EpSO:ParietalN400 ParietalN400 n400 pariet n400 parietal n400 ParietalN400 EpSO:ParietalOperculum ParietalOperculum pariet operculum parietal operculum parieto-opercular roland operculum rolandic operculum ParietalOperculum EpSO:ParietalP3b ParietalP3b pariet p3b parietal p3b ParietalP3b EpSO:ParietoOccipitalEpilepsy ParietoOccipitalEpilepsy parieto occipit epilepsi parieto occipital epilepsy ParietoOccipitalEpilepsy EpSO:Paroxetine Paroxetine paroxetin paroxetine Paroxetine EpSO:Patient Patient patient Patient EpSO:Paxil Paxil paxil Paxil EpSO:PectoralGirdleSubdivision PectoralGirdleSubdivision pector girdl subdivis pectoral girdle subdivision subdivis of pector girdl subdivision of pectoral girdle PectoralGirdleSubdivision EpSO:Pelopsia Pelopsia pelopsia Pelopsia EpSO:PelopsiaStatus PelopsiaStatus pelopsia status PelopsiaStatus EpSO:PentazineCodeine PentazineCodeine <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>688896</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> pentazin codein pentazine codeine PentazineCodeine EpSO:PentazineVC PentazineVC <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>631706</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> pentazin v c pentazine v c PentazineVC EpSO:Periciazine Periciazine periciazin periciazine Periciazine EpSO:PeriictalHeadache PeriictalHeadache peri-ict headach peri-ictal headache periict headach periictal headache PeriictalHeadache EpSO:PeriictalWaterDrinking PeriictalWaterDrinking peri-ict water drink peri-ictal water drinking periict water drink periictal water drinking PeriictalWaterDrinking EpSO:PeriodicLateralizedEpileptiformDischarge PeriodicLateralizedEpileptiformDischarge period later epileptiform discharg period later epileptiform discharg (pled) periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge periodic lateralized epileptiform discharge (pled) PeriodicLateralizedEpileptiformDischarge EpSO:PeriodicLimbMovementDisorder PeriodicLimbMovementDisorder period limb movement disord periodic limb movement disorder plmd PeriodicLimbMovementDisorder EpSO:PeriodicPattern PeriodicPattern period pattern periodic pattern PeriodicPattern EpSO:PeriventricularHypothalamusZone PeriventricularHypothalamusZone periventricular hypothalamus zone periventricular zone of hypothalamus PeriventricularHypothalamusZone EpSO:Permitil Permitil <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>219172</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> permitil Permitil EpSO:Perphenazine Perphenazine perphenazin perphenazine Perphenazine EpSO:Person Person person Person EpSO:Pertofrane Pertofrane <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>8078</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> pertofran pertofrane Pertofrane EpSO:Pexeva Pexeva pexeva Pexeva EpSO:PhenTussAD PhenTussAD <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>539987</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> phen tuss a d PhenTussAD EpSO:PhenTussDM PhenTussDM <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>540019</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> phen tuss d m PhenTussDM EpSO:Phenadoz Phenadoz phenadoz Phenadoz EpSO:Phenergan Phenergan phenergan Phenergan EpSO:PhenerganCodeine PhenerganCodeine <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>93766</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> phenergan codein phenergan codeine PhenerganCodeine EpSO:Phenytek Phenytek phenytek phenytek® Phenytek EpSO:Phenytoin Phenytoin phenytoin Phenytoin EpSO:PhysicalPathologicalProcess PhysicalPathologicalProcess physic patholog process physical pathological process PhysicalPathologicalProcess EpSO:PhysicalProcess PhysicalProcess physic process physical process PhysicalProcess EpSO:PhysiologicalData PhysiologicalData physiolog data physiological data PhysiologicalData EpSO:PilocyticAstrocytoma PilocyticAstrocytoma pilocyt astrocytoma pilocytic astrocytoma PilocyticAstrocytoma EpSO:PilomotorSeizure PilomotorSeizure pilomotor seizur pilomotor seizure PilomotorSeizure EpSO:Pimozide Pimozide pimozid pimozide Pimozide EpSO:PleomorhicXanthoastrocytoma PleomorhicXanthoastrocytoma pleomorh xanthoastrocytoma pleomorhic xanthoastrocytoma PleomorhicXanthoastrocytoma EpSO:PolySpike PolySpike poli spike poly spike PolySpike EpSO:Polymicrogyria Polymicrogyria polymicrogyria Polymicrogyria EpSO:Polyopia Polyopia polyopia Polyopia EpSO:PolyopiaStatus PolyopiaStatus polyopia status PolyopiaStatus EpSO:PonsNeuralTissue PonsNeuralTissue neural tissu of pon neural tissue of pons pon neural tissu pons neural tissue PonsNeuralTissue EpSO:PontineTegmentumPostremaArea PontineTegmentumPostremaArea area postrema in pontin tegmentum area postrema in pontine tegmentum pontin tegmentum postrema area pontine tegmentum postrema area PontineTegmentumPostremaArea EpSO:PontocerebellarTrigone PontocerebellarTrigone pontocerebellar trigon pontocerebellar trigone PontocerebellarTrigone EpSO:PosteriorCingulateEpilepsy PosteriorCingulateEpilepsy posterior cingul epilepsi posterior cingulate epilepsy PosteriorCingulateEpilepsy EpSO:PosteriorCingulateSegment PosteriorCingulateSegment posterior cingul segment posterior cingulate segment PosteriorCingulateSegment EpSO:PosteriorFrontalLobeSegment PosteriorFrontalLobeSegment posterior frontal lobe segment PosteriorFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:PosteriorHypothalamicRegionSegment PosteriorHypothalamicRegionSegment posterior hypothalam region segment posterior hypothalamic region segment segment of posterior hypothalam region segment of posterior hypothalamic region PosteriorHypothalamicRegionSegment EpSO:PosteriorHypothalamicZone PosteriorHypothalamicZone mammillari region mammillary region posterior hypothalam region posterior hypothalam zone posterior hypothalamic region posterior hypothalamic zone PosteriorHypothalamicZone EpSO:PosteriorMedianEminence PosteriorMedianEminence posterior median emin posterior median eminence PosteriorMedianEminence EpSO:PosteriorNuclearGroupThalamusSegment PosteriorNuclearGroupThalamusSegment posterior nuclear group thalamus segment segment of posterior nuclear group of thalamus PosteriorNuclearGroupThalamusSegment EpSO:PosteriorParacentralGyrus PosteriorParacentralGyrus posterior paracentr gyrus posterior paracentral gyrus PosteriorParacentralGyrus EpSO:PosteriorSlowWavesofYouth PosteriorSlowWavesofYouth posterior slow wavesof youth PosteriorSlowWavesofYouth EpSO:PosteriorTemporalEpilepsy PosteriorTemporalEpilepsy posterior tempor epilepsi posterior temporal epilepsy PosteriorTemporalEpilepsy EpSO:PosteriorTemporalLobeSegment PosteriorTemporalLobeSegment posterior tempor lobe segment posterior temporal lobe segment PosteriorTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:PosterotemporalN2c PosterotemporalN2c posterotempor n2c posterotemporal n2c PosterotemporalN2c EpSO:PostictalAphasia PostictalAphasia postict aphasia postictal aphasia PostictalAphasia EpSO:PostictalMemoryDysfunction PostictalMemoryDysfunction postict memori dysfunct postictal memory dysfunction PostictalMemoryDysfunction EpSO:PostictalNoseWiping PostictalNoseWiping postict nose wipe postictal nose wiping PostictalNoseWiping EpSO:PostictalToddsParalysis PostictalToddsParalysis postict todd paralysi postictal todd's paralysis postictal todds paralysis PostictalToddsParalysis EpSO:Potiga Potiga <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>1112994</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> potiga Potiga EpSO:PreBaseline PreBaseline pre baselin pre baseline PreBaseline EpSO:PrecentralOperculum PrecentralOperculum precentr operculum precentral operculum PrecentralOperculum EpSO:PreciseDrugIngredient PreciseDrugIngredient precis drug ingredi precise drug ingredient PreciseDrugIngredient EpSO:PrefrontalEpilepsy PrefrontalEpilepsy prefront epilepsi prefrontal epilepsy PrefrontalEpilepsy EpSO:Pregabalin Pregabalin pregabalin Pregabalin EpSO:PremotorEpilepsy PremotorEpilepsy premotor epilepsi premotor epilepsy PremotorEpilepsy EpSO:PrenatalBirthInjury PrenatalBirthInjury prenat birth injuri prenatal birth injury PrenatalBirthInjury EpSO:PreopticArea PreopticArea preoptic area preoptic nuclei PreopticArea EpSO:Primazine Primazine <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>545267</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> primazin primazine Primazine EpSO:Primidone Primidone primidon primidone Primidone EpSO:Pristiq Pristiq pristiq Pristiq EpSO:ProCentra ProCentra pro centra procentra ProCentra EpSO:Prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine prochlorperazin prochlorperazine Prochlorperazine EpSO:Prolixin Prolixin <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>8741</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> prolixin Prolixin EpSO:Promacot Promacot <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>219440</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> promacot Promacot EpSO:Promazine Promazine promazin promazine Promazine EpSO:Promethazine Promethazine promethazin promethazine Promethazine EpSO:Promethegan Promethegan promethegan Promethegan EpSO:ProximalFreeLimbSegment ProximalFreeLimbSegment proxim free limb segment proximal free limb segment ProximalFreeLimbSegment EpSO:Prozac Prozac prozac Prozac EpSO:Prudoxin Prudoxin prudoxin Prudoxin EpSO:PulvinarSegment PulvinarSegment pulvinar segment segment of pulvinar PulvinarSegment EpSO:PyschicAuraStatus PyschicAuraStatus pyschic aura status PyschicAuraStatus EpSO:Qsymia Qsymia qsymia Qsymia EpSO:Quadrinal Quadrinal <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>35177</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> quadrin quadrinal Quadrinal EpSO:Quetiapine Quetiapine quetiapin quetiapine Quetiapine EpSO:Quillivant Quillivant quilliv quillivant Quillivant EpSO:RapidEyeMovementBehaviorDisorder RapidEyeMovementBehaviorDisorder rapid eye movement behavior disord rapid eye movement behavior disorder RapidEyeMovementBehaviorDisorder EpSO:Rapiflux Rapiflux <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>352940</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> rapiflux Rapiflux EpSO:RasmussenEncephalitis RasmussenEncephalitis rasmussen enceph rasmussen encephalitis RasmussenEncephalitis EpSO:ReactivityPattern ReactivityPattern reactiv pattern reactivity pattern ReactivityPattern EpSO:Reconcile Reconcile reconcil reconcile Reconcile EpSO:Remeron Remeron remeron Remeron EpSO:RestlessLegSyndrome RestlessLegSyndrome restless leg syndrom restless leg syndrome RestlessLegSyndrome EpSO:RetroOlivaryArea RetroOlivaryArea pyramid of medulla retro olivari area retro olivary area RetroOlivaryArea EpSO:RetrochiasmaticArea RetrochiasmaticArea retrochiasmat area retrochiasmat region retrochiasmatic area retrochiasmatic region RetrochiasmaticArea EpSO:ReturntoBaseline ReturntoBaseline postict return to baselin postictal return to baseline returnto baselin returnto baseline ReturntoBaseline EpSO:RhythmicBenignVariant RhythmicBenignVariant rhythmic benign variant RhythmicBenignVariant EpSO:RhytmicTemporalThetaBurstsofDrowsiness RhytmicTemporalThetaBurstsofDrowsiness rhytmic tempor theta burstsof drowsi rhytmic temporal theta burstsof drowsiness RhytmicTemporalThetaBurstsofDrowsiness EpSO:RightAmygdala RightAmygdala right amygdala RightAmygdala EpSO:RightAnteriorCingulateSegment RightAnteriorCingulateSegment right anterior cingul segment right anterior cingulate segment RightAnteriorCingulateSegment EpSO:RightAnteriorFrontalLobeSegment RightAnteriorFrontalLobeSegment right anterior frontal lobe segment RightAnteriorFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:RightAnteriorTemporalLobeSegment RightAnteriorTemporalLobeSegment right anterior tempor lobe segment right anterior temporal lobe segment RightAnteriorTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:RightArm RightArm right arm right brachial region RightArm EpSO:RightBasalOccipitalLobeSegment RightBasalOccipitalLobeSegment right basal occipit lobe segment right basal occipital lobe segment RightBasalOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:RightBasalTemporalLobeSegment RightBasalTemporalLobeSegment right basal tempor right basal tempor lobe segment right basal temporal right basal temporal lobe segment RightBasalTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:RightBigToe RightBigToe right big toe RightBigToe EpSO:RightBrainstemSegment RightBrainstemSegment right brainstem segment right side of brainstem RightBrainstemSegment EpSO:RightCerebellumHemisphere RightCerebellumHemisphere right cerebellum hemispher right cerebellum hemisphere right hemispher of cerebellum right hemisphere of cerebellum RightCerebellumHemisphere EpSO:RightCerebralHemisphere RightCerebralHemisphere right cerebr hemispher right cerebral hemisphere RightCerebralHemisphere EpSO:RightCingulateGyrus RightCingulateGyrus right cingul gyrus right cingulate gyrus RightCingulateGyrus EpSO:RightDorsalHypothalamicArea RightDorsalHypothalamicArea right dorsal hypothalam area right dorsal hypothalamic area RightDorsalHypothalamicArea EpSO:RightEye RightEye right eye right orbit region right orbital region RightEye EpSO:RightFoot RightFoot right foot RightFoot EpSO:RightForearm RightForearm right antebrachi region right antebrachial region right forearm RightForearm EpSO:RightFourthToe RightFourthToe right fourth toe RightFourthToe EpSO:RightFrontalEncephalomalacia RightFrontalEncephalomalacia right frontal encephalomalacia RightFrontalEncephalomalacia EpSO:RightFrontalLobe RightFrontalLobe right frontal lobe RightFrontalLobe EpSO:RightFrontalLobeDorsolateralZone RightFrontalLobeDorsolateralZone dorsolater zone of right frontal lobe dorsolateral zone of right frontal lobe right frontal lobe dorsolater zone right frontal lobe dorsolateral zone RightFrontalLobeDorsolateralZone EpSO:RightFrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment RightFrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment orbitobas segment of right frontal lobe orbitobasal segment of right frontal lobe right frontal lobe orbitobas segment right frontal lobe orbitobasal segment RightFrontalLobeOrbitobasalSegment EpSO:RightFrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment RightFrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment orbitofront segment of right frontal lobe orbitofrontal segment of right frontal lobe right basal frontal right frontal lobe orbitofront segment right frontal lobe orbitofrontal segment RightFrontalLobeOrbitofrontalSegment EpSO:RightFrontalPole RightFrontalPole left frontal pole right frontal pole right fronto-polar RightFrontalPole EpSO:RightFrontoParietalAbcess RightFrontoParietalAbcess right fronto pariet abcess right fronto parietal abcess RightFrontoParietalAbcess EpSO:RightFrontoTemporalGlioma RightFrontoTemporalGlioma right fronto tempor glioma right fronto temporal glioma RightFrontoTemporalGlioma EpSO:RightHand RightHand right hand RightHand EpSO:RightHemisphericStroke RightHemisphericStroke right hemispher stroke right hemispheric stroke RightHemisphericStroke EpSO:RightHippocampalFormation RightHippocampalFormation right hippocamp format right hippocampal formation RightHippocampalFormation EpSO:RightHippocampus RightHippocampus right hippocampus RightHippocampus EpSO:RightIndexFinger RightIndexFinger right index finger RightIndexFinger EpSO:RightInsula RightInsula right insula right insular RightInsula EpSO:RightInsulaAnteriorLobule RightInsulaAnteriorLobule anterior lobul of right insula anterior lobule of right insula anterior segment of right insula right insula anterior lobul right insula anterior lobule RightInsulaAnteriorLobule EpSO:RightInsulaPosteriorLobule RightInsulaPosteriorLobule posterior lobul of right insula posterior lobule of right insula posterior segment of right insula right insula posterior lobul right insula posterior lobule RightInsulaPosteriorLobule EpSO:RightLateralFrontalLobeSegment RightLateralFrontalLobeSegment right later frontal right later frontal lobe segment right lateral frontal right lateral frontal lobe segment RightLateralFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:RightLateralOccipitalLobeSegment RightLateralOccipitalLobeSegment right later occipit lobe segment right lateral occipital lobe segment RightLateralOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:RightLateralParietalLobeSegment RightLateralParietalLobeSegment right later pariet right later pariet lobe segment right lateral parietal right lateral parietal lobe segment RightLateralParietalLobeSegment EpSO:RightLateralTemporalLobeSegment RightLateralTemporalLobeSegment right later tempor right later tempor lobe segment right lateral temporal right lateral temporal lobe segment RightLateralTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:RightLeg RightLeg right leg RightLeg EpSO:RightLimbicLobe RightLimbicLobe right limbic lobe RightLimbicLobe EpSO:RightLittleFinger RightLittleFinger right littl finger right little finger RightLittleFinger EpSO:RightLittleToe RightLittleToe right littl toe right little toe RightLittleToe EpSO:RightMesialFrontalLobeSegment RightMesialFrontalLobeSegment right mesial frontal right mesial frontal lobe segment RightMesialFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:RightMesialLesion RightMesialLesion right mesial lesion RightMesialLesion EpSO:RightMesialOccipitalLobeSegment RightMesialOccipitalLobeSegment right mesial occipit lobe segment right mesial occipital lobe segment RightMesialOccipitalLobeSegment EpSO:RightMesialParietalLobeSegment RightMesialParietalLobeSegment right mesial pariet lobe segment right mesial parietal lobe segment RightMesialParietalLobeSegment EpSO:RightMesialTemporalLobeSegment RightMesialTemporalLobeSegment right mesial tempor right mesial tempor lobe segment right mesial temporal right mesial temporal lobe segment RightMesialTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:RightMidCingulateSegment RightMidCingulateSegment right mid cingul segment right mid cingulate segment RightMidCingulateSegment EpSO:RightMiddleFinger RightMiddleFinger right middl finger right middle finger RightMiddleFinger EpSO:RightOccipitalLobe RightOccipitalLobe right occipit right occipit lobe right occipital right occipital lobe RightOccipitalLobe EpSO:RightOccipitalPole RightOccipitalPole right occipit pole right occipital pole RightOccipitalPole EpSO:RightOccipitalPoleProper RightOccipitalPoleProper right occipit pole proper right occipital pole proper RightOccipitalPoleProper EpSO:RightParietalLobe RightParietalLobe right pariet right pariet lobe right parietal right parietal lobe RightParietalLobe EpSO:RightPosteriorCingulateSegment RightPosteriorCingulateSegment right posterior cingul segment right posterior cingulate segment RightPosteriorCingulateSegment EpSO:RightPosteriorFrontalLobeSegment RightPosteriorFrontalLobeSegment right posterior frontal lobe segment RightPosteriorFrontalLobeSegment EpSO:RightPosteriorTemporalLobeSegment RightPosteriorTemporalLobeSegment right posterior tempor lobe segment right posterior temporal lobe segment RightPosteriorTemporalLobeSegment EpSO:RightRingFinger RightRingFinger right ring finger RightRingFinger EpSO:RightSecondToe RightSecondToe right second toe RightSecondToe EpSO:RightShoulder RightShoulder right shoulder RightShoulder EpSO:RightSignOfFour RightSignOfFour right sign of 4 right sign of four RightSignOfFour EpSO:RightSphenoidal RightSphenoidal right sphenoid right sphenoidal RightSphenoidal EpSO:RightTemporalLobe RightTemporalLobe right tempor right tempor lobe right temporal right temporal lobe RightTemporalLobe EpSO:RightTemporalPole RightTemporalPole left tempor pole left temporal pole right tempor pole right temporal pole right temporal-polar RightTemporalPole EpSO:RightThigh RightThigh right thigh RightThigh EpSO:RightThirdToe RightThirdToe right third toe RightThirdToe EpSO:RightThumb RightThumb right thumb RightThumb EpSO:RingFinger RingFinger fourth finger ring finger RingFinger EpSO:Ripple Ripple rippl ripple Ripple EpSO:Risperdal Risperdal risperd risperdal Risperdal EpSO:Risperidone Risperidone risperidon risperidone Risperidone EpSO:Ritalin Ritalin ritalin Ritalin EpSO:Rufinamide Rufinamide rufinamid rufinamide Rufinamide EpSO:SCN1A SCN1A s c n1 a sodium channel, voltage-gated, type i, alpha subunit SCN1A EpSO:SCN1B SCN1B s c n1 b sodium channel, voltage-gated, type i, beta subunit SCN1B EpSO:SCN2A SCN2A s c n2 a sodium channel, voltage-gated, type ii, alpha subunit SCN2A EpSO:STXBP1 STXBP1 s t x b p1 syntaxin bind protein 1 syntaxin binding protein 1 STXBP1 EpSO:Sabril Sabril sabril Sabril EpSO:Saphris Saphris saphri saphris Saphris EpSO:Sarafem Sarafem sarafem Sarafem EpSO:Savella Savella savella Savella EpSO:ScalpElectrode ScalpElectrode right sphenoid right sphenoidal scalp electrod scalp electrode ScalpElectrode EpSO:ScalpRecordedEEGData ScalpRecordedEEGData scalp record e e g data scalp recorded e e g data ScalpRecordedEEGData EpSO:ScalpRecordedERPData ScalpRecordedERPData scalp record e r p data scalp record erp data set scalp recorded e r p data scalp recorded erp data set ScalpRecordedERPData EpSO:ScalpRecordedERPExtractedPattern ScalpRecordedERPExtractedPattern event-rel potenti data event-related potential data scalp record e r p extract pattern scalp record erp compon scalp recorded e r p extracted pattern scalp recorded erp component ScalpRecordedERPExtractedPattern EpSO:Schizencepahly Schizencepahly schizencepah schizencepahly Schizencepahly EpSO:Sclerosis Sclerosis sclerosi sclerosis Sclerosis EpSO:SecondToe SecondToe digitus secundus [ii] second toe SecondToe EpSO:SeizureConsciousnessState SeizureConsciousnessState seizur conscious state seizure consciousness state SeizureConsciousnessState EpSO:SeizureFeature SeizureFeature seizur featur seizure feature SeizureFeature EpSO:SeizureOnsetZone SeizureOnsetZone seizur onset zone seizure onset zone SeizureOnsetZone EpSO:SeizurePattern SeizurePattern eeg-sz seizur pattern seizure pattern SeizurePattern EpSO:Senior Senior senior Senior EpSO:Serentil Serentil <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>9670</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> serentil Serentil EpSO:Seroquel Seroquel seroquel Seroquel EpSO:Sertindole Sertindole sertindol sertindole Sertindole EpSO:Servira Servira <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>753345</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> servira Servira EpSO:Serzone Serzone <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>151679</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> serzon serzone Serzone EpSO:SexualPeronealSensorySeizure SexualPeronealSensorySeizure sexual peron sendori seizur sexual peron sensori seizur sexual peroneal sendory seizure sexual peroneal sensory seizure SexualPeronealSensorySeizure EpSO:SexualPeronealSensoryStatus SexualPeronealSensoryStatus sexual peron sensori status sexual peroneal sensory status SexualPeronealSensoryStatus EpSO:SexualSeizure SexualSeizure sexual seizur sexual seizure SexualSeizure EpSO:SharpTransient SharpTransient sharp transient SharpTransient EpSO:Shoulder Shoulder shoulder Shoulder EpSO:SialorrheicSeizure SialorrheicSeizure sialorrh seizur sialorrheic seizure SialorrheicSeizure EpSO:SignOfFour SignOfFour sign of 4 sign of four SignOfFour EpSO:Silenor Silenor silenor Silenor EpSO:SimpleMotorEpisode SimpleMotorEpisode simpl motor episod simple motor episode SimpleMotorEpisode EpSO:SimpleVisualHallucination SimpleVisualHallucination simpl visual hallucin simple visual hallucination SimpleVisualHallucination EpSO:SimpleVisualHallucinationStatus SimpleVisualHallucinationStatus simpl visual hallucin status simple visual hallucination status SimpleVisualHallucinationStatus EpSO:SingleFocalEpilepsy SingleFocalEpilepsy singl focal epilepsi single focal epilepsy SingleFocalEpilepsy EpSO:SituationalCicardianRhythmSleepDisorder SituationalCicardianRhythmSleepDisorder situat cicardian rhythm sleep disord situational cicardian rhythm sleep disorder SituationalCicardianRhythmSleepDisorder EpSO:Six-HertzSpikeWaveBurst Six-HertzSpikeWaveBurst phantom spike and wave six- hertz spike wave burst Six-HertzSpikeWaveBurst EpSO:SleepDisorder SleepDisorder sleep disord sleep disorder SleepDisorder EpSO:SleepOnsetRapidEyeMovement SleepOnsetRapidEyeMovement sleep onset rapid eye movement SleepOnsetRapidEyeMovement EpSO:SleepTalking SleepTalking sleep talk sleep talking somniloquy SleepTalking EpSO:SleepWalking SleepWalking sleep walk sleep walking somnambul somnambulism SleepWalking EpSO:SleepingSickness SleepingSickness sleep sick sleeping sickness SleepingSickness EpSO:SlowAlphaVariant SlowAlphaVariant slow alpha variant SlowAlphaVariant EpSO:SlowSpikeWaveComplex SlowSpikeWaveComplex slow spike wave complex slow spike-and-wav complex slow spike-and-wave complex SlowSpikeWaveComplex EpSO:SlowTransient SlowTransient slow transient SlowTransient EpSO:SmallShartSpike SmallShartSpike small shart spike SmallShartSpike EpSO:Snoring Snoring snore snoring Snoring EpSO:Somatotopic Somatotopic somatotop somatotopic Somatotopic EpSO:SomatotopicArrangement SomatotopicArrangement somatotop arrang somatotopic arrangement SomatotopicArrangement EpSO:SpecialEpisode SpecialEpisode special episod special episode SpecialEpisode EpSO:SpecialPattern SpecialPattern special pattern SpecialPattern EpSO:SpecialSeizure SpecialSeizure special seizur special seizure SpecialSeizure EpSO:SpecialStatus SpecialStatus special status SpecialStatus EpSO:Sphenoidal Sphenoidal sphenoid sphenoidal Sphenoidal EpSO:SpikeSlowWaveComplex SpikeSlowWaveComplex spike slow wave complex spike-and-slow-wav complex spike-and-slow-wave complex SpikeSlowWaveComplex EpSO:SpikeWaveComplex SpikeWaveComplex spike wave complex spike-and-wav complex spike-and-wave complex SpikeWaveComplex EpSO:SpikeWaveComplex3Hz SpikeWaveComplex3Hz 3-hz spike-and-wav complex 3-hz spike-and-wave complex spike wave complex3 hz SpikeWaveComplex3Hz EpSO:SpindleStupor SpindleStupor spindl stupor spindle stupor SpindleStupor EpSO:StatusEpilepticus StatusEpilepticus status epilepticus StatusEpilepticus EpSO:StatusPattern StatusPattern status pattern StatusPattern EpSO:StatusSemiology StatusSemiology status semiolog status semiology StatusSemiology EpSO:Stavzor Stavzor <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>804548</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> stavzor Stavzor EpSO:Stelazine Stelazine <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>227572</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> stelazin stelazine Stelazine EpSO:StimulusPrecedingNegativity StimulusPrecedingNegativity stimulus preced negat stimulus preceding negativity StimulusPrecedingNegativity EpSO:Strattera Strattera strattera Strattera EpSO:StructuralCause StructuralCause structur caus structural cause StructuralCause EpSO:SubClinicalEpisode SubClinicalEpisode sub clinic episod sub clinical episode SubClinicalEpisode EpSO:SubClinicalSeizure SubClinicalSeizure no clinic sign no clinical signs sub clinic seizur sub clinical seizure SubClinicalSeizure EpSO:SubClinicalStatus SubClinicalStatus sub clinic status sub clinical status SubClinicalStatus EpSO:SubarachnoidHemorrhage SubarachnoidHemorrhage subarachnoid (aneurysmal) hemorrhag subarachnoid (aneurysmal) hemorrhage subarachnoid hemorrhag subarachnoid hemorrhage SubarachnoidHemorrhage EpSO:SubcentralGyrus SubcentralGyrus subcentr gyrus subcentral gyrus SubcentralGyrus EpSO:SubclinicalRhythmicElectrographicDischargesinAdult SubclinicalRhythmicElectrographicDischargesinAdult sreda subclin rhythmic electrograph dischargesin adult subclinical rhythmic electrographic dischargesin adult SubclinicalRhythmicElectrographicDischargesinAdult EpSO:SubcorticalGrayMatterStructure SubcorticalGrayMatterStructure subcort gray matter structur subcortical gray matter structure SubcorticalGrayMatterStructure EpSO:SubcorticalTelecephalonSegment SubcorticalTelecephalonSegment segment of subcort telencephalon segment of subcortical telencephalon subcort telecephalon segment subcortical telecephalon segment SubcorticalTelecephalonSegment EpSO:SubthalamusSegment SubthalamusSegment segment of subthalamus subthalamus segment SubthalamusSegment EpSO:SupplementaryMotorAreaEpilepsy SupplementaryMotorAreaEpilepsy supplementari motor area epilepsi supplementary motor area epilepsy SupplementaryMotorAreaEpilepsy EpSO:Symbyax Symbyax symbyax Symbyax EpSO:SymptomatogenicZone SymptomatogenicZone symptomatogen zone symptomatogenic zone SymptomatogenicZone EpSO:TachycardicSeizure TachycardicSeizure tachycard seizur tachycardic seizure TachycardicSeizure EpSO:Tegretol Tegretol tegretol tegretol® Tegretol EpSO:TegretolXR TegretolXR <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>152408</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> tegretol x r tegretol xr® TegretolXR EpSO:TelencephalonBasalGanglion TelencephalonBasalGanglion basal ganglion of telencephalon telencephalon basal ganglion TelencephalonBasalGanglion EpSO:TelencephalonNeuralTissue TelencephalonNeuralTissue neural tissu of telencephalon neural tissue of telencephalon telencephalon neural tissu telencephalon neural tissue TelencephalonNeuralTissue EpSO:TelencephalonSegment TelencephalonSegment segment of telencephalon telencephalon segment TelencephalonSegment EpSO:TelencephalonZone TelencephalonZone telencephalon zone zone of telencephalon TelencephalonZone EpSO:Teleopsia Teleopsia teleopsia Teleopsia EpSO:TeleopsiaStatus TeleopsiaStatus teleopsia status TeleopsiaStatus EpSO:Temporal10-10System Temporal10-10System tempor 10-10 system temporal 10-10 system temporal10-10 system Temporal10-10System EpSO:TemporalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity TemporalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity tempor intermitt rythmic delta activ temporal intermittent rythmic delta activity TemporalIntermittentRythmicDeltaActivity EpSO:TemporalLobeGyrus TemporalLobeGyrus gyrus of tempor lobe gyrus of temporal lobe tempor lobe gyrus temporal lobe gyrus TemporalLobeGyrus EpSO:TemporalLobeSegment TemporalLobeSegment tempor lobe segment temporal lobe segment TemporalLobeSegment EpSO:TemporalOperculum TemporalOperculum faci supratemporali facies supratemporalis tempor operculum temporal operculum temporo-opercular TemporalOperculum EpSO:TemporalPole TemporalPole tempor pole temporal pole temporal-polar TemporalPole EpSO:TemporalSlowActivity TemporalSlowActivity tempor slow activ temporal slow activity TemporalSlowActivity EpSO:TemporoOccipitalEpilepsy TemporoOccipitalEpilepsy temporo occipit epilepsi temporo occipital epilepsy TemporoOccipitalEpilepsy EpSO:TemporoParietalEpilepsy TemporoParietalEpilepsy temporo pariet epilepsi temporo parietal epilepsy TemporoParietalEpilepsy EpSO:Tetrabenazine Tetrabenazine tetrabenazin tetrabenazine Tetrabenazine EpSO:ThalamusSegment ThalamusSegment segment of thalamus thalamus segment ThalamusSegment EpSO:ThermalSeziure ThermalSeziure thermal seizur thermal seizure thermal seziur thermal seziure ThermalSeziure EpSO:ThermalStatus ThermalStatus thermal status ThermalStatus EpSO:ThetaActivity ThetaActivity theta activ theta activity ThetaActivity EpSO:ThetaComa ThetaComa theta coma ThetaComa EpSO:ThetaStupor ThetaStupor theta stupor ThetaStupor EpSO:Thioridazine Thioridazine thioridazin thioridazine Thioridazine EpSO:Thiothixene Thiothixene thiothixen thiothixene Thiothixene EpSO:ThirdToe ThirdToe digitus tertius [iii] third toe ThirdToe EpSO:ThreeDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum ThreeDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum three dimension cartesian spatial coordin datum three dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum ThreeDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum EpSO:Thumb Thumb first digit of hand thumb Thumb EpSO:Tiagabine Tiagabine tiagabin tiagabine Tiagabine EpSO:TimeUnit TimeUnit time unit TimeUnit EpSO:Toe Toe digit of foot Toe EpSO:Tofranil Tofranil tofranil Tofranil EpSO:Tofranil-PM Tofranil-PM <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>220334</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> tofranil- p m Tofranil-PM EpSO:TonicClonicEpisode TonicClonicEpisode tonic clonic episod tonic clonic episode TonicClonicEpisode EpSO:TonicClonicStatus TonicClonicStatus tonic clonic status TonicClonicStatus EpSO:TonicEpisode TonicEpisode tonic episod tonic episode TonicEpisode EpSO:TonicSeizureEnd TonicSeizureEnd tonic seizur end tonic seizure end TonicSeizureEnd EpSO:TonicSeizureOnset TonicSeizureOnset onset of general tonic phase onset of generalized tonic phase tonic seizur onset tonic seizure onset TonicSeizureOnset EpSO:Topamax Topamax topamax topamax® Topamax EpSO:Topiragen Topiragen <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>901323</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> topiragen Topiragen EpSO:Topiramate Topiramate topiram topiramate Topiramate EpSO:Trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine trifluoperazin trifluoperazine Trifluoperazine EpSO:Triflupromazine Triflupromazine triflupromazin triflupromazine Triflupromazine EpSO:Trilafon Trilafon <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>202730</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> trilafon Trilafon EpSO:Trileptal Trileptal trilept trileptal trileptal® Trileptal EpSO:TuberCinereum TuberCinereum tuber cinereum TuberCinereum EpSO:TuberousSclerosis TuberousSclerosis tuber sclerosi tuberous sclerosis TuberousSclerosis EpSO:TwoDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum TwoDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum two dimension cartesian spatial coordin datum two dimensional cartesian spatial coordinate datum TwoDimensionalCartesianSpatialCoordinateDatum EpSO:TypicalDialepticEpisode TypicalDialepticEpisode typic dialept episod typical dialeptic episode TypicalDialepticEpisode EpSO:UnilateralAutomatism UnilateralAutomatism unilater automat unilateral automatism UnilateralAutomatism EpSO:UnilateralEpilepticSpasm UnilateralEpilepticSpasm unilater epilept spasm unilateral epileptic spasm UnilateralEpilepticSpasm EpSO:UrinarySeizure UrinarySeizure urinari seizur urinary seizure UrinarySeizure EpSO:Valproate Valproate valproat valproate Valproate EpSO:ValproicAcid ValproicAcid valproic acid ValproicAcid EpSO:Vanatrip Vanatrip <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?><rxnormdata><idgroup><rxnormid>220736</rxnormid></idgroup></rxnormdata> vanatrip Vanatrip EpSO:VascularMalformation VascularMalformation vascular malform vascular malformation VascularMalformation EpSO:VasomotorSeizure VasomotorSeizure vasomotor seizur vasomotor seizure VasomotorSeizure EpSO:VenousAngioma VenousAngioma venous angioma VenousAngioma EpSO:VentralNuclearGroupThalamusSegment VentralNuclearGroupThalamusSegment segment of ventral nuclear group of thalamus ventral nuclear group thalamus segment VentralNuclearGroupThalamusSegment EpSO:VentralPosteriorNucleusSegment VentralPosteriorNucleusSegment segment of ventral posterior nucleus ventral posterior nuclear segment ventral posterior nucleus segment VentralPosteriorNucleusSegment EpSO:Versacloz Versacloz versacloz Versacloz EpSO:VersiveEpisode VersiveEpisode versiv episod versive episode VersiveEpisode EpSO:Vigabatrin Vigabatrin vigabatrin Vigabatrin EpSO:Vimpat Vimpat vimpat Vimpat EpSO:VisualAgnosiaStatus VisualAgnosiaStatus visual agnosia status VisualAgnosiaStatus EpSO:VisualHallucinationStatus VisualHallucinationStatus visual hallucin status visual hallucination status VisualHallucinationStatus EpSO:VisualIllusionStatus VisualIllusionStatus visual illus status visual illusion status VisualIllusionStatus EpSO:VisualOccipitalN100 VisualOccipitalN100 visual occipit n100 visual occipital n100 VisualOccipitalN100 EpSO:VisualOccipitalP100 VisualOccipitalP100 p100 visual occipit p100 visual occipital p100 VisualOccipitalP100 EpSO:VisualPosterotemporalN200 VisualPosterotemporalN200 n2-p3 visual posterotempor n200 visual posterotemporal n200 VisualPosterotemporalN200 EpSO:Vyvanse Vyvanse vyvans vyvanse Vyvanse EpSO:Wellbutrin Wellbutrin wellbutrin Wellbutrin EpSO:Xenazine Xenazine xenazin xenazine Xenazine EpSO:Year Year year Year EpSO:Zarontin Zarontin zarontin zarontin® Zarontin EpSO:Zenzedi Zenzedi zenzedi Zenzedi EpSO:Ziprasidone Ziprasidone ziprasidon ziprasidone Ziprasidone EpSO:Zonalon Zonalon zonalon Zonalon EpSO:Zonegran Zonegran zonegran zonegran® Zonegran EpSO:Zonisamide Zonisamide zonisamid zonisamide Zonisamide EpSO:Zotepine Zotepine zotepin zotepine Zotepine EpSO:Zuclopenthixol Zuclopenthixol zuclopenthixol Zuclopenthixol EpSO:ZuclopenthixolAcetate ZuclopenthixolAcetate zuclopenthixol acet zuclopenthixol acetate ZuclopenthixolAcetate EpSO:ZuclopenthixolDecanoate ZuclopenthixolDecanoate zuclopenthixol decano zuclopenthixol decanoate ZuclopenthixolDecanoate EpSO:ZuclopenthixolDihydrochloride ZuclopenthixolDihydrochloride zuclopenthixol dihydrochlorid zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride ZuclopenthixolDihydrochloride EpSO:Zyban Zyban zyban Zyban EpSO:Zyprexa Zyprexa zyprexa Zyprexa EpSO:m2e m2e m2e System 10-10 system system System Continuant continu continuant Continuant DependentContinuant depend continu dependent continuant DependentContinuant IndependentContinuant independ continu independent continuant IndependentContinuant Occurrent occurr occurrent Occurrent ProcessualEntity processu entiti processual entity ProcessualEntity SpatialRegion spatial region SpatialRegion SpatioTemporalRegion spatio tempor region spatio temporal region SpatioTemporalRegion TemporalEntity tempor entiti temporal entity TemporalEntity Lhermitte_sign_positive 65329004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 65329004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lhermitt sign posit lhermitte sign positive Lhermitte_sign_positive EPISEM:ADHD ADHD a d h d c1263846 ADHD EPISEM:Anton_syndrome Anton_syndrome Anton syndrome, also known as Anton blind and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damag occur in the occipit lobe. Those who have it are cortic blind, but affirm, often quit adam and in the face of clear evid of their blindness, that they are capabl of seeing. anton syndrom anton syndrome anton syndrome, also known as anton's blindness and visual anosognosia, is a rare symptom of brain damage occurring in the occipital lobe. those who have it are cortically blind, but affirm, often quite adamantly and in the face of clear evidence of their blindness, that they are capable of seeing. Anton_syndrome EPISEM:Argyll_Robertson_pupil Argyll_Robertson_pupil This lesion is a hallmark of tertiari neurosyphilli Pupil will NOT constrict to light but they WILL constrict with accommod Pupil are small at baselin and usual both involv (although degre may be asymmetrical) argyl robertson pupil argyll robertson pupil this lesion is a hallmark of tertiary neurosyphillis pupils will not constrict to light but they will constrict with accommodation pupils are small at baseline and usually both involved (although degree may be asymmetrical) Argyll_Robertson_pupil EPISEM:Babinski_sign Babinski_sign Upturn of the big toe (and sometim fan of the other toes) in respons to stimul of the sole of the foot. If the Babinski sign is present it can indic damag to the corticospin tract. babinski sign upturning of the big toe (and sometimes fanning of the other toes) in response to stimulation of the sole of the foot. if the babinski sign is present it can indicate damage to the corticospinal tract. Babinski_sign EPISEM:Balint_syndrome Balint_syndrome A rare neurolog diseas with characterist of the triad of optic ataxia, ocular apraxia and simultanagnosia due to posterior pariet lobe lesions. Patient report ophthalmolog difficulti in the absenc of under ophthalmolog anomali and present sever visual and spatial disabl in locat and reach objects, initi voluntari eye movement and perceiv more than one object at a time. a rare neurologic disease with characteristics of the triad of optic ataxia, ocular apraxia and simultanagnosia due to posterior parietal lobe lesions. patients report ophthalmologic difficulties in the absence of underlying ophthalmologic anomalies and present severe visual and spatial disabilities in locating and reaching objects, initiating voluntary eye movements and perceiving more than one object at a time. balint syndrom balint syndrome Balint_syndrome EPISEM:Broca_aphasia Broca_aphasia An aphasia character by impair of express LANGUAGE (speech, writing, signs) and relat preserv of recept languag abil (i.e., comprehension). This condit is caus by lesion of the motor associ cortex in the FRONTAL LOBE (BROCA AREA and adjac cortic and white matter regions). an aphasia characterized by impairment of expressive language (speech, writing, signs) and relative preservation of receptive language abilities (i.e., comprehension). this condition is caused by lesions of the motor association cortex in the frontal lobe (broca area and adjacent cortical and white matter regions). broca aphasia Broca_aphasia EPISEM:Deficit_in_phonologic_short-term_memory Deficit_in_phonologic_short-term_memory deficit in phonolog short-term memori deficit in phonologic short-term memory Deficit_in_phonologic_short-term_memory EPISEM:Distal_sensory_impairment_of_all_modalities Distal_sensory_impairment_of_all_modalities SENSORi distal sensori impair of all modal distal sensory impairment of all modalities sensory Distal_sensory_impairment_of_all_modalities EPISEM:ENT_symptoms ENT_symptoms 267098006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 267098006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer e n t symptom e n t symptoms ENT_symptoms EPISEM:GI_symptoms GI_symptoms g i symptom g i symptoms GI_symptoms EPISEM:Gerstmann_syndrome Gerstmann_syndrome aphasia-angular gyrus syndrom aphasia-angular gyrus syndrome gerstmann syndrom gerstmann syndrome Gerstmann_syndrome EPISEM:Hoffman_reflex_positive Hoffman_reflex_positive hoffman reflex posit hoffman reflex positive reflex Hoffman_reflex_positive EPISEM:Hoffman_sign_present Hoffman_sign_present The Hoffmann reflex test itself involv loos hold the middl finger and flick the fingernail downward, allow the middl finger to flick upward reflexively. A posit respons is seen when there is flexion and adduct of the thumb on the same hand. A posit Hoffmann’ reflex and finger jerk suggest hypertonia, but can occur in healthi individuals, and are not use sign in isolation. hoffman sign present the hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking the fingernail downward, allowing the middle finger to flick upward reflexively. a positive response is seen when there is flexion and adduction of the thumb on the same hand. a positive hoffmann’s reflex and finger jerks suggest hypertonia, but can occur in healthy individuals, and are not useful signs in isolation. Hoffman_sign_present EPISEM:Horners_syndrome Horners_syndrome horner syndrom horners syndrome sympathet ophthalmoplegia; sympathet cervic paralysis; oculosympathet palsi sympathetic ophthalmoplegia; sympathetic cervical paralysis; oculosympathetic palsy Horners_syndrome EPISEM:Horners_syndrome_pupil Horners_syndrome_pupil A small reactiv pupil. The miosi is caus by interrupt of sympathet tone. a small reactive pupil. the miosis is caused by interruption of sympathetic tone. horner syndrom pupil horners syndrome pupil Horners_syndrome_pupil EPISEM:Impaired_long-term_verbal_memory Impaired_long-term_verbal_memory impair long-term verbal memori impaired long-term verbal memory Impaired_long-term_verbal_memory EPISEM:Laseque_sign Laseque_sign Lasequ sign lasequ sign laseque sign Laseque_sign EPISEM:Lhermitte_sign_present Lhermitte_sign_present barber chair sign; Lhermitt phenomenom barbers chair sign; lhermittes phenomenom lhermitt sign present lhermitte sign present Lhermitte_sign_present EPISEM:Microphthalmos Microphthalmos 204108000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 204108000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer microphthalmo microphthalmos Microphthalmos EPISEM:Parinaud_syndrome Parinaud_syndrome A rare syndrom affect conjug vertic eye movement. It is often caus by a dorsal midbrain neoplasm, common a pinealoma, but may also be attribut to demyelin diseas or stroke. Clinic sign includ limit of upward gaze, light-near dissoci of the pupillari response, eyelid retract (Collier sign) and convergence-retract nystagmus. Clinic cours is depend on effect treatment of under cause. a rare syndrome affecting conjugate vertical eye movement. it is often caused by a dorsal midbrain neoplasm, commonly a pinealoma, but may also be attributable to demyelinating diseases or stroke. clinical signs include limitation of upward gaze, light-near dissociation of the pupillary response, eyelid retraction (collier's sign) and convergence-retraction nystagmus. clinical course is dependent on effective treatment of underlying cause. parinaud syndrom parinaud syndrome Parinaud_syndrome EPISEM:Phalen_sign Phalen_sign SENSORi phalen sign sensory Phalen_sign EPISEM:Rinne_test_negative Rinne_test_negative Bone conduct better than air conduction. bone conduction better than air conduction. rinn test negat rinne test negative Rinne_test_negative EPISEM:Rinne_test_positive Rinne_test_positive Normal Rinn test. normal rinne test. rinn test posit rinne test positive Rinne_test_positive EPISEM:Romberg_sign_positive Romberg_sign_positive c0240914 romberg sign posit romberg sign positive Romberg_sign_positive EPISEM:Romberg_sign_present Romberg_sign_present 373676004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 373676004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer romberg sign present Romberg_sign_present EPISEM:Romberg_test_positive Romberg_test_positive romberg sign present romberg test posit romberg test positive Romberg_test_positive EPISEM:Tinel_sign Tinel_sign SENSORi sensory tinel sign Tinel_sign EPISEM:Weber_test_lateralizes_left Weber_test_lateralizes_left 27472009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 27472009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weber test later left weber test lateralizes left Weber_test_lateralizes_left EPISEM:Weber_test_lateralizes_right Weber_test_lateralizes_right 31732001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 31732001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weber test later right weber test lateralizes right Weber_test_lateralizes_right EPISEM:Wernicke_aphasia Wernicke_aphasia Impairment in the comprehens of speech and mean of words, both spoken and written, and of the mean convey by their grammat relationship in sentences. It is caus by lesion that primarili affect Wernick area, which lie in the posterior perisylvian region of the tempor lobe of the domin hemisphere. impairment in the comprehension of speech and meaning of words, both spoken and written, and of the meanings conveyed by their grammatical relationships in sentences. it is caused by lesions that primarily affect wernicke's area, which lies in the posterior perisylvian region of the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere. wernick aphasia wernicke aphasia Wernicke_aphasia EPISEM:abdominal_pain abdominal_pain An unpleas sensat character by physic discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceiv to origin in the abdomen abdomin pain abdominal pain an unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen abdominal_pain EPISEM:abdominal_reflex_absent abdominal_reflex_absent Lack of contract of abdomin muscl in the quadrant of the abdomen that is stimul by scrape the skin tangenti to or toward the umbilicus. abdomin reflex absent abdominal reflex absent lack of contraction of abdominal muscles in the quadrant of the abdomen that is stimulated by scraping the skin tangential to or toward the umbilicus. abdominal_reflex_absent EPISEM:abdominal_reflex_reduced abdominal_reflex_reduced 299852009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299852009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer abdomin reflex reduc abdominal reflex reduced abdominal_reflex_reduced EPISEM:abducens_nerve_palsy abducens_nerve_palsy abducen nerv palsi abducens nerve palsy abducens_nerve_palsy EPISEM:abnormal_affect abnormal_affect 386782008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 386782008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer abnorm affect abnormal affect abnormal_affect EPISEM:abnormal_color_vision abnormal_color_vision An anomali in the abil to discrimin between or recogn colors. abnorm color vision abnormal color vision an anomaly in the ability to discriminate between or recognize colors. abnormal_color_vision EPISEM:abnormal_involuntary_movement abnormal_involuntary_movement abnorm involuntari movement abnormal involuntary movement abnormal_involuntary_movement EPISEM:abnormal_vestibulo_ocular_reflex abnormal_vestibulo_ocular_reflex abnorm vestibulo ocular reflex abnormal vestibulo ocular reflex c4021571 abnormal_vestibulo_ocular_reflex EPISEM:abnormal_vision abnormal_vision Disturb of eyesight abnorm vision abnormal vision disturbance of eyesight abnormal_vision EPISEM:absence_facial_sweating absence_facial_sweating absenc facial sweat absence facial sweating absence_facial_sweating EPISEM:absent_ankle_reflex absent_ankle_reflex 274818004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 274818004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer absent ankl reflex absent ankle reflex absent_ankle_reflex EPISEM:absent_biceps_reflex absent_biceps_reflex 274820001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 274820001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer absent bicep reflex absent biceps reflex absent_biceps_reflex EPISEM:absent_body_position_sense absent_body_position_sense absent bodi posit sens absent body position sense c0426959 absent_body_position_sense EPISEM:absent_consensual_light_reflex absent_consensual_light_reflex 164042004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 164042004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer absent consensu light reflex absent consensual light reflex absent_consensual_light_reflex EPISEM:absent_deep_tendon_reflexes absent_deep_tendon_reflexes absent deep tendon reflex absent deep tendon reflexes reflex absent_deep_tendon_reflexes EPISEM:absent_direct_light_reflex absent_direct_light_reflex An abnorm of the reflex that control the diamet of the pupil, in respons to the intens of light that fall on the retina of the eye. absent direct light reflex an abnormality of the reflex that controls the diameter of the pupil, in response to the intensity of light that falls on the retina of the eye. absent_direct_light_reflex EPISEM:absent_knee_reflex absent_knee_reflex Absenc of the knee jerk reflex, which can normal be elicit by tap the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella. absence of the knee jerk reflex, which can normally be elicited by tapping the patellar tendon with a reflex hammer just below the patella. absent knee reflex absent_knee_reflex EPISEM:absent_left_corneal_reflex absent_left_corneal_reflex absent left corneal reflex c0558840 absent_left_corneal_reflex EPISEM:absent_pupil_near_reaction absent_pupil_near_reaction 301947004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 301947004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer absent pupil near reaction absent_pupil_near_reaction EPISEM:absent_reflexes absent_reflexes A find indic the complet absenc of neurolog reflex a finding indicating the complete absence of neurological reflexes absent reflex absent reflexes absent_reflexes EPISEM:absent_right_corneal_reflex absent_right_corneal_reflex absent right corneal reflex c0558841 absent_right_corneal_reflex EPISEM:absent_sensation absent_sensation SENSORi absent sensat absent sensation sensory absent_sensation EPISEM:absent_supinator_reflex absent_supinator_reflex absent radial reflex; absent brachioradiali reflex absent radial reflex; absent brachioradialis reflex absent supin reflex absent supinator reflex absent_supinator_reflex EPISEM:absent_tendon_reflex absent_tendon_reflex 349006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 349006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer absent tendon reflex absent_tendon_reflex EPISEM:absent_triceps_reflex absent_triceps_reflex absent tricep reflex absent triceps reflex reflex absent_triceps_reflex EPISEM:abulia abulia Poverti of behavior and speech output, lack of initiative, loss of emot responses, psychomotor slowing, and prolong speech latency. abulia poverty of behavior and speech output, lack of initiative, loss of emotional responses, psychomotor slowing, and prolonged speech latency. abulia EPISEM:acquired_color_vision_deficiency acquired_color_vision_deficiency acquir color vision defici acquired color vision deficiency acquired_color_vision_deficiency EPISEM:action_tremor action_tremor action tremor intent tremor; cerebellar tremor intention tremor; cerebellar tremor action_tremor EPISEM:afferent_pupil_defect afferent_pupil_defect Marcus Gunn pupil; posit swing flashlight test affer pupil defect afferent pupil defect marcus gunn pupil; positive swinging flashlight test afferent_pupil_defect EPISEM:afferent_pupillary_defect afferent_pupillary_defect 232121005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 232121005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer affer pupillari defect afferent pupillary defect afferent_pupillary_defect EPISEM:ageusia ageusia 36955009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 36955009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer ageusia ageusia EPISEM:aggressive aggressive aggress aggression; aggress aggression; aggressive aggressive aggressive EPISEM:aggressive_outbursts aggressive_outbursts 192083006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 192083006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer aggress outburst aggressive outbursts aggressive_outbursts EPISEM:agitated agitated A condit in which a person is unabl to relax and be still. The person may be veri tens and irritable, and becom easili annoy by small things. He or she may be eager to have an argument, and be unwil to work with caregiv to make the situat better. a condition in which a person is unable to relax and be still. the person may be very tense and irritable, and become easily annoyed by small things. he or she may be eager to have an argument, and be unwilling to work with caregivers to make the situation better. agit agitated agitated EPISEM:agnosia agnosia Inabil to recogn object not becaus of sensori deficit but becaus of the inabl to combin compon of sensori impress into a complet pattern. Thus, agnosia is a neurolog condit which result in an inabl to know, to name, to identify, and to extract mean from visual, auditory, or tactil impressions. agnosia inability to recognize objects not because of sensory deficit but because of the inability to combine components of sensory impressions into a complete pattern. thus, agnosia is a neurological condition which results in an inability to know, to name, to identify, and to extract meaning from visual, auditory, or tactile impressions. agnosia EPISEM:agraphesthesia agraphesthesia The inabl to recogn letter or number trace on the palm of the hand despit adequ sensation. agraphesthesia the inability to recognize letters or numbers traced on the palm of the hand despite adequate sensation. agraphesthesia EPISEM:agraphia agraphia 27206009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 27206009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer agraphia agraphia EPISEM:akathisia akathisia akathisia motor restless motor restlessness akathisia EPISEM:akinetic_mutism akinetic_mutism akinet mutism akinetic mutism coma vigil akinetic_mutism EPISEM:alexia alexia alexia dyslexia alexia EPISEM:allodynia allodynia allodynia pain respons to non pain stimulus painful response to non painful stimulus allodynia EPISEM:altered_consciousness altered_consciousness alter conscious altered consciousness altered_consciousness EPISEM:altitudinal_hemianopia altitudinal_hemianopia 246669008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 246669008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer altitudin hemianopia altitudinal hemianopia altitudinal_hemianopia EPISEM:altitudinal_scotoma altitudinal_scotoma 246662004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 246662004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer altitudin scotoma altitudinal scotoma altitudinal_scotoma EPISEM:amaurosis_fugax amaurosis_fugax A transient visual disturb that is typic caus by a circulatory, ocular or neurolog under condit a transient visual disturbance that is typically caused by a circulatory, ocular or neurological underlying condition amaurosi fugax amaurosis fugax amaurosis_fugax EPISEM:amenorrhea amenorrhea absenc of mens for three month or more. absence of menses for three months or more. amenorrhea amenorrhea EPISEM:amusia amusia 26610007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 26610007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer amusia amusia EPISEM:anal_reflex_absent anal_reflex_absent 299863007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299863007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer anal reflex absent anal_reflex_absent EPISEM:anal_reflex_reduced anal_reflex_reduced 299865000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299865000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer anal reflex reduc anal reflex reduced anal_reflex_reduced EPISEM:anarthria anarthria Pure anarthria is a rare disord common defin as a total inabl to articul speech in the absenc of ani deficit both of auditori comprehens and of written language. It can follow either cortical, subcortical, or brain stem lesions. Anarthria should be kept separ from mutism (inabl or unwilling to speak in the absenc of ani brain lesion capabl of affect the articulatori planning), as well as from dysarthria (a speech disord due to weak or incoordin of speech muscles). anarthria pure anarthria is a rare disorder commonly defined as a total inability to articulate speech in the absence of any deficit both of auditory comprehension and of written language. it can follow either cortical, subcortical, or brain stem lesions. anarthria should be kept separate from mutism (inability or unwillingness to speak in the absence of any brain lesion capable of affect the articulatory planning), as well as from dysarthria (a speech disorder due to weakness or incoordination of speech muscles). anarthria EPISEM:anisocoria anisocoria anisocoria unequ pupil unequal pupils anisocoria EPISEM:ankle_clonus ankle_clonus Clonus is an involuntari tendon reflex that caus repeat flexion and extens of the foot. Ankle clonus is test by rapid flex the foot upward. ankl clonus ankle clonus clonus is an involuntary tendon reflex that causes repeated flexion and extension of the foot. ankle clonus is tested by rapidly flexing the foot upward. ankle_clonus EPISEM:anomia anomia A languag dysfunct character by the inabl to name peopl and object that are correct perceived. a language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. anomia anomia EPISEM:anomic_aphasia anomic_aphasia 10325006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 10325006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer anom aphasia anomic aphasia anomic_aphasia EPISEM:anorexia anorexia anorexia clinic manifest consist of a physiopatholog lack or loss of appetit accompani by an avers to food and the inabl to eat. clinical manifestation consisting of a physiopathological lack or loss of appetite accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. anorexia EPISEM:anosmia anosmia anosmia loss of smell anosmia EPISEM:anosognosia anosognosia Denial of ill anosognosia denial of illness anosognosia EPISEM:antalgic_gait antalgic_gait 67141003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 67141003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer antalg gait antalgic gait antalgic_gait EPISEM:apathy apathy apathi apathy listless apathy EPISEM:aphasia_apraxia_dyslexia_or_agnosia aphasia_apraxia_dyslexia_or_agnosia 106169008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 106169008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer aphasia apraxia dyslexia or agnosia aphasia_apraxia_dyslexia_or_agnosia EPISEM:appendicular_ataxia appendicular_ataxia appendicular ataxia limb ataxia appendicular_ataxia EPISEM:apraxia apraxia apraxia loss of abil to perform familiar, purpos movement in the absenc of paralysi or other neural sensorimotor impairment. loss of ability to perform familiar, purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or other neural sensorimotor impairment. apraxia EPISEM:areflexia areflexia 37280007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 37280007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer areflexia areflexia EPISEM:areflexia_of_lower_limbs areflexia_of_lower_limbs areflexia of lower limb areflexia of lower limbs reflex areflexia_of_lower_limbs EPISEM:areflexia_of_upper_limbs areflexia_of_upper_limbs areflexia of upper limb areflexia of upper limbs reflex areflexia_of_upper_limbs EPISEM:arm_pain arm_pain arm pain arm_pain EPISEM:arms_not_swung_while_walking arms_not_swung_while_walking arm not swung while walk arms not swung while walking arms_not_swung_while_walking EPISEM:arthralgia arthralgia arthralgia arthralgia EPISEM:astasia_abasia astasia_abasia 71802006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 71802006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer astasia abasia astasia_abasia EPISEM:astereognosis astereognosis 25094008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 25094008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer astereognosi astereognosis astereognosis EPISEM:asterixis asterixis asterixi asterixis flap tremor; liver flap flapping tremor; liver flap asterixis EPISEM:asymmetric_smile asymmetric_smile asymmetr smile asymmetric smile asymmetric_smile EPISEM:ataxic_dysarthria ataxic_dysarthria atax dysarthria ataxic dysarthria cerebellar dysarthria ataxic_dysarthria EPISEM:ataxic_gait ataxic_gait A type of ataxia character by the impair of the abil to coordin the movement requir for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirz by a wide-bas stagger gait with a tendenc to fall. a type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall. atax gait ataxic gait ataxic_gait EPISEM:ataxic_nystagmus ataxic_nystagmus atax nystagmus ataxic nystagmus ataxic_nystagmus EPISEM:athetosis athetosis A movement disord consist of slow, involuntary, and nonpurpos writh movement that usual affect the upper limbs. a movement disorder consisting of slow, involuntary, and nonpurposeful writhing movements that usually affect the upper limbs. athetosi athetosis athetosis EPISEM:atrophy_of_intrinsic_foot_muscles atrophy_of_intrinsic_foot_muscles ATROPHi atrophi of intrins foot muscl atrophy atrophy of intrinsic foot muscles atrophy_of_intrinsic_foot_muscles EPISEM:atrophy_of_the_small_muscles_in_the_hand atrophy_of_the_small_muscles_in_the_hand atrophi of the small muscl in the hand atrophy of the small muscles in the hand c3808485 atrophy_of_the_small_muscles_in_the_hand EPISEM:attention_problems attention_problems attent problem attention problems attention_problems EPISEM:auditory_inattention auditory_inattention auditori inattent auditory inattention auditory_inattention EPISEM:aura_abdominal_sensation aura_abdominal_sensation aura abdomin sensat aura abdominal sensation d0000001 aura_abdominal_sensation EPISEM:aura_anxiety aura_anxiety aura anxieti aura anxiety d0000328 aura_anxiety EPISEM:aura_auditory aura_auditory aura auditori aura auditory d0000003 aura_auditory EPISEM:aura_auditory_hallucinations aura_auditory_hallucinations aura auditori hallucin aura auditory hallucinations d0000347 aura_auditory_hallucinations EPISEM:aura_auditory_illusions aura_auditory_illusions aura auditori illus aura auditory illusions d0000346 aura_auditory_illusions EPISEM:aura_autonomic_sensations aura_autonomic_sensations aura autonom sensat aura autonomic sensations d0000004 aura_autonomic_sensations EPISEM:aura_autopscopy aura_autopscopy aura autopscopi aura autopscopy d0000340 aura_autopscopy EPISEM:aura_complex_visual_formed_hallucination aura_complex_visual_formed_hallucination aura complex visual form hallucin aura complex visual formed hallucination d0000005 aura_complex_visual_formed_hallucination EPISEM:aura_deja_vu aura_deja_vu aura deja vu d0000301 aura_deja_vu EPISEM:aura_depersonalization_derealization aura_depersonalization_derealization aura deperson dereal aura depersonalization derealization d0000341 aura_depersonalization_derealization EPISEM:aura_dysphoria aura_dysphoria aura dysphoria d0000344 aura_dysphoria EPISEM:aura_euphoria aura_euphoria aura euphoria d0000345 aura_euphoria EPISEM:aura_face_flushing aura_face_flushing aura face flush aura face flushing d0000007 aura_face_flushing EPISEM:aura_fear aura_fear aura fear d0000302 aura_fear EPISEM:aura_genital_sexual aura_genital_sexual aura genit sexual aura genital sexual d0000343 aura_genital_sexual EPISEM:aura_jamais_vu aura_jamais_vu aura jamai vu aura jamais vu d0000303 aura_jamais_vu EPISEM:aura_music aura_music aura music d0000011 aura_music EPISEM:aura_nausea aura_nausea aura nausea d0000012 aura_nausea EPISEM:aura_noises aura_noises aura nois aura noises d0000013 aura_noises EPISEM:aura_numbness aura_numbness aura numb aura numbness d0000014 aura_numbness EPISEM:aura_panic aura_panic aura panic d0000304 aura_panic EPISEM:aura_paresthesias aura_paresthesias aura paresthesia aura paresthesias d0000016 aura_paresthesias EPISEM:aura_psychic_sensations aura_psychic_sensations aura psychic sensat aura psychic sensations d0000017 aura_psychic_sensations EPISEM:aura_restlessness aura_restlessness aura restless aura restlessness d0000305 aura_restlessness EPISEM:aura_self_image_distortions aura_self_image_distortions aura self imag distort aura self image distortions d0000339 aura_self_image_distortions EPISEM:aura_simple_visual aura_simple_visual aura simpl visual aura simple visual d0000019 aura_simple_visual EPISEM:aura_taste_gustatory aura_taste_gustatory aura tast gustatori aura taste gustatory d0000022 aura_taste_gustatory EPISEM:aura_time_disortions aura_time_disortions aura time disort aura time disortions d0000342 aura_time_disortions EPISEM:aura_visual aura_visual aura visual d0000023 aura_visual EPISEM:aura_visual_hallucinations aura_visual_hallucinations aura visual hallucin aura visual hallucinations d0000349 aura_visual_hallucinations EPISEM:aura_visual_illusions aura_visual_illusions aura visual illus aura visual illusions d0000348 aura_visual_illusions EPISEM:aura_voices aura_voices aura voic aura voices d0000024 aura_voices EPISEM:autistic_features autistic_features autist featur autistic features autistic_features EPISEM:autotopagnosia autotopagnosia autotopagnosia bodi imag agnosia body image agnosia autotopagnosia EPISEM:backache backache backach backache backache EPISEM:balance_finding balance_finding 298304004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 298304004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer balanc find balance finding balance_finding EPISEM:behavioral_symptoms behavioral_symptoms An abnorm of mental function includ various affective, behavioural, cognit and perceptu abnormalities. an abnormality of mental functioning including various affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities. behavior symptom behavioral symptoms behavioral_symptoms EPISEM:bilateral_extensor_plantar_responses bilateral_extensor_plantar_responses 246588005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 246588005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bilater extensor plantar respons bilateral extensor plantar responses bilateral_extensor_plantar_responses EPISEM:bilateral_fixed_and_dilated_pupils bilateral_fixed_and_dilated_pupils bilater fix and dilat pupil bilateral fixed and dilated pupils bilateral_fixed_and_dilated_pupils EPISEM:bilateral_foot_drop bilateral_foot_drop 15638171000119103^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 15638171000119103^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bilater foot drop bilateral foot drop bilateral_foot_drop EPISEM:bilateral_hand_weakness bilateral_hand_weakness bilater hand weak bilateral hand weakness c2196583 bilateral_hand_weakness EPISEM:bilateral_hearing_loss bilateral_hearing_loss 95820000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 95820000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bilater hear loss bilateral hearing loss bilateral_hearing_loss EPISEM:bilateral_hemianopia bilateral_hemianopia bilater hemianopia bilateral hemianopia bilateral_hemianopia EPISEM:bilateral_neural_hearing_loss bilateral_neural_hearing_loss 430977001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 430977001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bilater neural hear loss bilateral neural hearing loss bilateral_neural_hearing_loss EPISEM:bilateral_papilledema bilateral_papilledema 15930381000119104^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 15930381000119104^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bilater papilledema bilateral papilledema bilateral_papilledema EPISEM:bilateral_ptosis bilateral_ptosis bilater ptosi bilateral ptosis bilateral_ptosis EPISEM:bilateral_rigidity bilateral_rigidity bilater rigid bilateral rigidity motor bilateral_rigidity EPISEM:bilateral_sensori_neural_hearing_loss bilateral_sensori_neural_hearing_loss bilater sensori neural hear loss bilateral sensori neural hearing loss c0452138 bilateral_sensori_neural_hearing_loss EPISEM:bilateral_sixth_nerve_palsy bilateral_sixth_nerve_palsy bilater sixth nerv palsi bilateral sixth nerve palsy bilateral_sixth_nerve_palsy EPISEM:binasal_hemianopia binasal_hemianopia 87278000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 87278000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer binas hemianopia binasal hemianopia binasal_hemianopia EPISEM:bitemporal_hemianopia bitemporal_hemianopia 61917005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 61917005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bitempor hemianopia bitemporal hemianopia bitemporal_hemianopia EPISEM:blepharospasm blepharospasm 59026006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 59026006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer blepharospasm blepharospasm EPISEM:blind_one_eye blind_one_eye blind one eye unilater blind unilateral blindness blind_one_eye EPISEM:blindness blindness Inabil to see or the loss or absenc of percept of visual stimuli; condit may be the result of eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm or brain diseas effect the visual pathway or occipit lobe. blind blindness inability to see or the loss or absence of perception of visual stimuli; condition may be the result of eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm or brain diseases effecting the visual pathways or occipital lobe. blindness EPISEM:blindness_both_eyes blindness_both_eyes blind both eye blindness both eyes c1879328 blindness_both_eyes EPISEM:blink_reflex_absent blink_reflex_absent 299813002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299813002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer blink reflex absent blink_reflex_absent EPISEM:blunted_affect blunted_affect blunt affect blunted affect c1860473 blunted_affect EPISEM:blurred_disc_margin blurred_disc_margin 72436007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 72436007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer blur disc margin blurred disc margin blurred_disc_margin EPISEM:blurred_vision blurred_vision A disord character by visual percept of unclear or fuzzi images. a disorder characterized by visual perception of unclear or fuzzy images. blur vision blurred vision blurred_vision EPISEM:bradykinesia bradykinesia Abnormal slow of movement, which is often a symptom of neurolog disorders, particular Parkinson disease. abnormal slowness of movement, which is often a symptom of neurological disorders, particularly parkinson's disease. bradykinesia bradykinesia EPISEM:brisk_ankle_reflex brisk_ankle_reflex 299880006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299880006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer brisk ankl reflex brisk ankle reflex brisk_ankle_reflex EPISEM:brisk_biceps_reflex brisk_biceps_reflex 299833003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299833003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer brisk bicep reflex brisk biceps reflex brisk_biceps_reflex EPISEM:brisk_finger_jerk brisk_finger_jerk 299846008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299846008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer brisk finger jerk brisk_finger_jerk EPISEM:brisk_jaw_jerk brisk_jaw_jerk To elicit the jaw jerk, the examin place an index finger over the jaw or chin, hold the mouth part open, then gentl tap the examin finger with the reflex hammer. The the brisk jaw jerk may indic a state of general hyperreflexia due to a supranuclear lesion such as stroke or ALS. brisk jaw jerk to elicit the jaw jerk, the examiner places an index finger over the jaw or chin, holding the mouth partly open, then gently taps the examiner's finger with the reflex hammer. the the brisk jaw jerk may indicate a state of generalized hyperreflexia due to a supranuclear lesion such as stroke or als. brisk_jaw_jerk EPISEM:brisk_knee_reflex brisk_knee_reflex 299874003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299874003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer brisk knee reflex brisk_knee_reflex EPISEM:brisk_knee_reflexes brisk_knee_reflexes brisk knee reflex brisk knee reflexes reflex brisk_knee_reflexes EPISEM:brisk_reflexes brisk_reflexes Tendon reflex that are notic more activ than usual (convent denot 3+ on clinic examnation). Brisk reflex may or may not indic a neurolog lesion. They are distinguish from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is character by hyperact repeat (clonic) reflexes, which are consid to be alway abnormal. brisk reflex brisk reflexes tendon reflexes that are noticably more active than usual (conventionally denoted 3+ on clinical examnation). brisk reflexes may or may not indicate a neurological lesion. they are distinguished from hyperreflexia by the fact that hyerreflexia is characterized by hyperactive repeating (clonic) reflexes, which are considered to be always abnormal. brisk_reflexes EPISEM:brisk_supinator_reflex brisk_supinator_reflex brisk radial reflex; brisk brachioradiali reflex brisk radial reflex; brisk brachioradialis reflex brisk supin reflex brisk supinator reflex brisk_supinator_reflex EPISEM:brisk_tendon_reflex brisk_tendon_reflex brisk tendon reflex reflex brisk_tendon_reflex EPISEM:brisk_triceps_reflex brisk_triceps_reflex brisk tricep reflex brisk triceps reflex reflex brisk_triceps_reflex EPISEM:bulbocavernosus_reflex_negative bulbocavernosus_reflex_negative 299870007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299870007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer bulbocavernosus reflex negat bulbocavernosus reflex negative bulbocavernosus_reflex_negative EPISEM:burning_sensation_in_eye burning_sensation_in_eye 2070002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 2070002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer burn sensat in eye burning sensation in eye burning_sensation_in_eye EPISEM:buttock_pain buttock_pain buttock pain buttock_pain EPISEM:calf_muscle_hypertrophy calf_muscle_hypertrophy calf muscl hypertrophi calf muscle hypertrophy motor calf_muscle_hypertrophy EPISEM:cannot_shrug_shoulder cannot_shrug_shoulder Shoulder shrug is general consid an action of the trapezius muscle, although the levat scapula contribut to this action. cannot shrug shoulder shoulder shrug is generally considered an action of the trapezius muscle, although the levator scapulae contributes to this action. cannot_shrug_shoulder EPISEM:cardiovascular_symptoms cardiovascular_symptoms cardiovascular symptom cardiovascular symptoms cardiovascular_symptoms EPISEM:carotid_bruit carotid_bruit A carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound (bruit) heard over the carotid arteri area on auscult dure systole. a carotid bruit is a vascular murmur sound (bruit) heard over the carotid artery area on auscultation during systole. carotid bruit carotid_bruit EPISEM:catatonia catatonia A neuropsychiatr disord character by one or more of the follow essenti features: immobility, mutism, negativ (activ or passiv refus to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometim punctuat by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by one or more of the following essential features: immobility, mutism, negativism (active or passive refusal to follow commands), mannerisms, stereotypies, posturing, grimacing, excitement, echolalia, echopraxia, muscular rigidity, and stupor; sometimes punctuated by sudden violent outbursts, panic, or hallucinations. catatonia catatonia EPISEM:central_hypotonia central_hypotonia Reduc muscl tone secondari to an abnorm of the central nervous system central hypotonia reduced muscle tone secondary to an abnormality of the central nervous system central_hypotonia EPISEM:central_scotoma central_scotoma An area of depress vision locat at the point of fixat and that interfer with central vision. an area of depressed vision located at the point of fixation and that interferes with central vision. central scotoma central_scotoma EPISEM:centrocecal_scotoma centrocecal_scotoma A scotoma (area of diminish vision within the visual field) locat between the central point of fixat and the blind spot with a rough horizont oval shape. a scotoma (area of diminished vision within the visual field) located between the central point of fixation and the blind spot with a roughly horizontal oval shape. centrocec scotoma centrocecal scotoma centrocecal_scotoma EPISEM:cerebellar_ataxia cerebellar_ataxia Cerebellar ataxia refer to ataxia due to dysfunct of the cerebellum. This caus a varieti of elementari neurolog deficit includ asynergi (lack of coordin between muscles, limb and joints), dysmetria (lack of abil to judg distanc that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasp movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inabl to perform rapid movement requir antagon muscl group to be switch on and off repeatedly). cerebellar ataxia cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. this causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly). cerebellar_ataxia EPISEM:cervical_root_injury cervical_root_injury SENSORi cervic root injuri cervical root injury sensory cervical_root_injury EPISEM:chorea chorea Chorea (Greek for dance') refer to widespread arrhythm involuntari movement of a forcible, jerki and restless fashion. It is a random-appear sequenc of one or more discret involuntari movement or movement fragments. Movement appear random becaus of variabl in timing, durat or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movement may be strung togeth and thus may appear to flow random from one muscl group to another. Chorea can involv the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities. chorea chorea (greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. it is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. each movement may have a distinct start and end. however, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities. chorea EPISEM:choreic_gait choreic_gait 250040002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 250040002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer choreic gait choreic_gait EPISEM:choreoathetosis choreoathetosis Involuntari movement character by both athetosi (inabl to sustain muscl in a fix position) and chorea (widespread jerki arrhythm movements). choreoathetosi choreoathetosis involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements). choreoathetosis EPISEM:ciliospinal_reflex_absent ciliospinal_reflex_absent The ciliospin reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consist of dilat of the ipsilater pupil in respons to pain appli to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subject to a pain stimulus, the right pupil dilat (increas in size 1-2mm from baseline). This reflex is absent in Horner syndrom and lesion involv the cervic sympathet fibers. The enhanc ciliospin reflex in asymptomat patient with cluster headach is due to preganglion sympathet mechanisms. ciliospin reflex absent ciliospinal reflex absent the ciliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. if the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates (increases in size 1-2mm from baseline). this reflex is absent in horner's syndrome and lesions involving the cervical sympathetic fibers. the enhanced ciliospinal reflex in asymptomatic patients with cluster headache is due to preganglionic sympathetic mechanisms. ciliospinal_reflex_absent EPISEM:clasp_knife_spasticity clasp_knife_spasticity 2581006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 2581006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer clasp knife spastic clasp knife spasticity clasp_knife_spasticity EPISEM:clonus clonus A seri of rhythmic and involuntari muscl contract (at a frequenc of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in respons to an abrupt appli and sustain stretch. a series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch. clonus clonus EPISEM:clouded_consciousness clouded_consciousness 40917007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 40917007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer cloud conscious clouded consciousness clouded_consciousness EPISEM:clumsiness clumsiness clumsi clumsiness clumsy clumsiness EPISEM:clumsy_gait clumsy_gait c1842201 clumsi gait clumsy gait clumsy_gait EPISEM:cognitive_impairment cognitive_impairment Diminish or impair mental and/or intellectu function cognit impair cognitive impairment diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function cognitive_impairment EPISEM:cognitive_symptoms cognitive_symptoms Symptom relat to cognit behavior such as language, memory, reasoning, abstract thought, and visual spatial manipulations. cognit symptom cognitive symptoms symptoms related to cognitive behavior such as language, memory, reasoning, abstract thought, and visual spatial manipulations. cognitive_symptoms EPISEM:cogwheel_rigidity cogwheel_rigidity A type of rigid in which a muscl respond with cogwheellik jerk to the use of constant forc in bend the limb (i.e., it give way in little, repeat jerk when the muscl is passiv stretched). a type of rigidity in which a muscle responds with cogwheellike jerks to the use of constant force in bending the limb (i.e., it gives way in little, repeated jerks when the muscle is passively stretched). cogwheel rigid cogwheel rigidity cogwheel_rigidity EPISEM:collapse collapse 271787007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 271787007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer collaps collapse collapse EPISEM:collapsed collapsed collaps collapsed collapsed EPISEM:color_blindness color_blindness achromatopsia color blind color blindness color_blindness EPISEM:complete_deafness complete_deafness c0018784 complet deaf complete deafness complete_deafness EPISEM:complete_hearing_loss complete_hearing_loss c0581883 complet hear loss complete hearing loss complete_hearing_loss EPISEM:comprehension_dysprosody comprehension_dysprosody An inabl to comprehend emot as convey by the prosodi of speech. an inability to comprehend emotion as conveyed by the prosody of speech. comprehens dysprosodi comprehension dysprosody comprehension_dysprosody EPISEM:concentric_visual_field_loss concentric_visual_field_loss c4478437 concentr visual field loss concentric visual field loss concentric_visual_field_loss EPISEM:conduction_aphasia conduction_aphasia A type of fluent aphasia character by an impair abil to repeat one and two word phrases, despit retain comprehension. This condit is associ with domin hemispher lesion involv the arcuat fasciculus (a white matter project between Broca and Wernick areas) and adjac structures. Like patient with Wernick aphasia (APHASIA, WERNICKE), patient with conduct aphasia are fluent but commit paraphas error dure attempt at written and oral form of communication. a type of fluent aphasia characterized by an impaired ability to repeat one and two word phrases, despite retained comprehension. this condition is associated with dominant hemisphere lesions involving the arcuate fasciculus (a white matter projection between broca's and wernicke's areas) and adjacent structures. like patients with wernicke aphasia (aphasia, wernicke), patients with conduction aphasia are fluent but commit paraphasic errors during attempts at written and oral forms of communication. conduct aphasia conduction aphasia conduction_aphasia EPISEM:confabulation confabulation Give untruth answer to question about situat or event that are not recal due to loss of memory. Confabul is not a conscious attempt to deceive. confabul confabulation giving untruthful answers to questions about situations or events that are not recalled due to loss of memory. confabulation is not a conscious attempt to deceive. confabulation EPISEM:consitutitional_symptoms consitutitional_symptoms A group of symptom that affect an individu general well being. Repres exampl includ fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss. a group of symptoms that affect an individual's general well being. representative examples include fever, chills, fatigue, weakness, and weight loss. consitutit symptom consitutitional symptoms consitutitional_symptoms EPISEM:constipation constipation constip constipation constipation EPISEM:constricted_visual_field constricted_visual_field constrict visual field constricted visual field reduc visual field; narrow visual field reduced visual field; narrowed visual field constricted_visual_field EPISEM:constructional_apraxia constructional_apraxia Construct apraxia is character by an inabl or difficulti to build, assemble, or draw objects. Apraxia is a neurolog disord in which peopl are unabl to perform task or movement even though they understand the task, are will to complet it, and have the physic abil to perform the movements. Construct apraxia may be caus by lesion in the pariet lobe follow stroke or it may serv as an indic for Alzheimer disease. construct apraxia constructional apraxia constructional apraxia is characterized by an inability or difficulty to build, assemble, or draw objects. apraxia is a neurological disorder in which people are unable to perform tasks or movements even though they understand the task, are willing to complete it, and have the physical ability to perform the movements. constructional apraxia may be caused by lesions in the parietal lobe following stroke or it may serve as an indicator for alzheimer's disease. constructional_apraxia EPISEM:convergence_retraction_nystagmus convergence_retraction_nystagmus 373590007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 373590007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer converg retract nystagmus convergence retraction nystagmus convergence_retraction_nystagmus EPISEM:conversion_disorder conversion_disorder convers disord conversion disorder hysteria conversion_disorder EPISEM:coordination_finding coordination_finding Coordin is the abil to perform complex movement precis and accurately. coordin find coordination finding coordination is the ability to perform complex movements precisely and accurately. coordination_finding EPISEM:coprolalia coprolalia Involuntari and repetit utter of obscen or social inappropri word or statements. coprolalia involuntary and repetitive utterances of obscene or socially inappropriate words or statements. coprolalia EPISEM:corneal_reflex_absent corneal_reflex_absent The corneal reflex is elicit by touch the cornea with a wisp of cotton or tissue. The affer loop is ove V1 of the trigemin nerv and the effer loop is over the facial nerve. corneal reflex absent the corneal reflex is elicited by touching the cornea with a wisp of cotton or tissue. the afferent loop is ove v1 of the trigeminal nerve and the efferent loop is over the facial nerve. corneal_reflex_absent EPISEM:cortical_blindness cortical_blindness A form of loss of vision caus by damag to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye. a form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye. cortic blind cortical blindness cortical_blindness EPISEM:cough cough cough cough EPISEM:cranial_nerve_11_finding cranial_nerve_11_finding Acessori nerv disord acessory nerve disorder cranial nerv 11 find cranial nerve 11 finding cranial_nerve_11_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_12_finding cranial_nerve_12_finding cranial nerv 12 find cranial nerve 12 finding twelfth cranial nerv finding; hypogloss nerv find twelfth cranial nerve finding; hypoglossal nerve finding cranial_nerve_12_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_1_finding cranial_nerve_1_finding cranial nerv 1 find cranial nerve 1 finding olfactori nerv disorder; first cranial nerv finding; cranial nerv I find olfactory nerve disorder; first cranial nerve finding; cranial nerve i finding cranial_nerve_1_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_2_3_4_6_vision_disorder cranial_nerve_2_3_4_6_vision_disorder cranial nerv 2 3 4 6 vision disord cranial nerve 2 3 4 6 vision disorder visual system disord visual system disorder cranial_nerve_2_3_4_6_vision_disorder EPISEM:cranial_nerve_5_finding cranial_nerve_5_finding cranial nerv 5 find cranial nerve 5 finding trigemin nerv find trigeminal nerve finding cranial_nerve_5_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_7_finding cranial_nerve_7_finding cranial nerv 7 find cranial nerve 7 finding facial nerv find facial nerve finding cranial_nerve_7_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_8_finding cranial_nerve_8_finding acoustico-vestibular nerv disord acoustico-vestibular nerve disorders cranial nerv 8 find cranial nerve 8 finding cranial_nerve_8_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_9_10_finding cranial_nerve_9_10_finding cranial nerv 9 10 find cranial nerve 9 10 finding vagal nerv find vagal nerve finding cranial_nerve_9_10_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_finding cranial_nerve_finding Deficit that aris from dysfunct of one of the twelv cranial nerves. cranial nerv find cranial nerve finding deficits that arise from dysfunction of one of the twelve cranial nerves. cranial_nerve_finding EPISEM:cranial_nerve_reflex_finding cranial_nerve_reflex_finding 366342008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 366342008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer cranial nerv reflex find cranial nerve reflex finding cranial_nerve_reflex_finding EPISEM:craniocerebral_trauma craniocerebral_trauma craniocerebr trauma craniocerebral trauma craniocerebral_trauma EPISEM:cremasteric_reflex_negative cremasteric_reflex_negative 274607002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 274607002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer cremaster reflex negat cremasteric reflex negative cremasteric_reflex_negative EPISEM:cutaneous_reflex_finding cutaneous_reflex_finding Superfici reflex are motor respons to scrape of the skin. They are grade simpli as present or absent, although mark asymmetr respons should be consid abnorm as well. These reflex are quit differ from the muscl stretch reflex in that the sensori signal has to not onli reach the spinal cord, but also must ascend the cord to reach the brain. The motor limb then has to descend the spinal cord to reach the motor neurons. As can be seen from the description, this is a polysynapt reflex. This can be abolish by sever lower motor neuron damag or destruct of the sensori pathway from the skin that is stimulated. However, the util of superfici reflex is that they are decreas or abolish by condit that interrupt the pathway between the brain and spinal cord (such as with spinal cord damage). cutan reflex find cutaneous reflex finding superficial reflexes are motor responses to scraping of the skin. they are graded simply as present or absent, although markedly asymmetrical responses should be considered abnormal as well. these reflexes are quite different from the muscle stretch reflexes in that the sensory signal has to not only reach the spinal cord, but also must ascend the cord to reach the brain. the motor limb then has to descend the spinal cord to reach the motor neurons. as can be seen from the description, this is a polysynaptic reflex. this can be abolished by severe lower motor neuron damage or destruction of the sensory pathways from the skin that is stimulated. however, the utility of superficial reflexes is that they are decreased or abolished by conditions that interrupt the pathways between the brain and spinal cord (such as with spinal cord damage). cutaneous_reflex_finding EPISEM:daytime_sleepiness daytime_sleepiness daytim sleepi daytime sleepiness daytime_sleepiness EPISEM:deafness deafness deaf deafness lack or signific defici of the sens of hearing. lack or significant deficiency of the sense of hearing. deafness EPISEM:decerebrate_posture decerebrate_posture decerebr decerebr postur decerebrate posture decerebration decerebrate_posture EPISEM:decreased_ankle_jerk_on_affected_side decreased_ankle_jerk_on_affected_side decreas ankl jerk on affect side decreased ankle jerk on affected side reflex decreased_ankle_jerk_on_affected_side EPISEM:decreased_ankle_reflex decreased_ankle_reflex decreas Achill reflex; decreas ankl jerk decreas ankl reflex decreased achilles reflex; decreased ankle jerk decreased ankle reflex decreased_ankle_reflex EPISEM:decreased_arm_swing decreased_arm_swing decreas arm swing decreased arm swing decreased_arm_swing EPISEM:decreased_biceps_reflex decreased_biceps_reflex 299831001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299831001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer decreas bicep reflex decreased biceps reflex decreased_biceps_reflex EPISEM:decreased_blink_rate decreased_blink_rate decreas blink rate decreased blink rate decreased_blink_rate EPISEM:decreased_corneal_reflex decreased_corneal_reflex An abnorm reduc respons to stimul of the cornea (bi touch, foreign body, blow air). The corneal reflex (also known as the blink reflex, normal result in an involuntari blink of the eyelids. an abnormally reduced response to stimulation of the cornea (by touch, foreign body, blowing air). the corneal reflex (also known as the blink reflex, normally results in an involuntary blinking of the eyelids. decreas corneal reflex decreased corneal reflex decreased_corneal_reflex EPISEM:decreased_facial_sweating decreased_facial_sweating decreas facial sweat decreased facial sweating ipsilatera absenc of facial sweat ipsilatera absence of facial sweating decreased_facial_sweating EPISEM:decreased_gag_reflex decreased_gag_reflex 5799008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 5799008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer decreas gag reflex decreased gag reflex decreased_gag_reflex EPISEM:decreased_hand_dexterity decreased_hand_dexterity c4313189 decreas hand dexter decreased hand dexterity decreased_hand_dexterity EPISEM:decreased_knee_reflex decreased_knee_reflex decreas knee reflex decreas patellar reflex; decreas knee jerk, decreas quadricep reflex decreased knee reflex decreased patellar reflex; decreased knee jerk, decreased quadriceps reflex decreased_knee_reflex EPISEM:decreased_libido decreased_libido decreas libido decreased libido decreased_libido EPISEM:decreased_lower_extremity_reflexes decreased_lower_extremity_reflexes decreas lower extrem reflex decreased lower extremity reflexes reflex decreased_lower_extremity_reflexes EPISEM:decreased_or_absent_proprioception decreased_or_absent_proprioception 163740006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 163740006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer decreas or absent propriocept decreased or absent proprioception decreased_or_absent_proprioception EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_of_left_shoulder decreased_pain_and_temperature_of_left_shoulder c2016557 decreas pain and temperatur of left shoulder decreased pain and temperature of left shoulder decreased_pain_and_temperature_of_left_shoulder EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_of_radial_nerve decreased_pain_and_temperature_of_radial_nerve SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur of radial nerv decreased pain and temperature of radial nerve sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_of_radial_nerve EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_radial_arm_thumb_and_index_finger_C6 decreased_pain_and_temperature_radial_arm_thumb_and_index_finger_C6 SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur radial arm thumb and index finger c6 decreased pain and temperature radial arm thumb and index finger c6 sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_radial_arm_thumb_and_index_finger_C6 EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat decreased pain and temperature sensation sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_in_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_in_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat in distal extrem glove and stock decreased pain and temperature sensation in distal extremities glove and stocking sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_in_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_lower_thigh_L3_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_lower_thigh_L3_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat lower thigh l3 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation lower thigh l3 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_lower_thigh_L3_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_4-5th_digits__ulnar_aspect_of_hand__and_distal_aspect_of_forearm_C8 decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_4-5th_digits__ulnar_aspect_of_hand__and_distal_aspect_of_forearm_C8 SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of 4-5th digit ulnar aspect of hand and distal aspect of forearm c8 decreased pain and temperature sensation of 4-5th digits ulnar aspect of hand and distal aspect of forearm c8 sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_4-5th_digits__ulnar_aspect_of_hand__and_distal_aspect_of_forearm_C8 EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_arm decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_arm SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of arm decreased pain and temperature sensation of arm sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_arm EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_axilla_and_upper_subclavian_area_T2 decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_axilla_and_upper_subclavian_area_T2 SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of axilla and upper subclavian area t2 decreased pain and temperature sensation of axilla and upper subclavian area t2 sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_axilla_and_upper_subclavian_area_T2 EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_back_of_head_C2_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_back_of_head_C2_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of back of head c2 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of back of head c2 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_back_of_head_C2_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_region_S3_S4_S5_dermatomes decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_region_S3_S4_S5_dermatomes SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of buttock and perian region s3 s4 s5 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of buttock and perianal region s3 s4 s5 dermatomes sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_region_S3_S4_S5_dermatomes EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_buttocks_and_perianal_region_bilaterally_saddle_area decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_buttocks_and_perianal_region_bilaterally_saddle_area SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of buttock and perian region bilater saddl area decreased pain and temperature sensation of buttocks and perianal region bilaterally saddle area sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_buttocks_and_perianal_region_bilaterally_saddle_area EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_dorsum_of_foot decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_dorsum_of_foot c2164411 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of dorsum of foot decreased pain and temperature sensation of dorsum of foot decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_dorsum_of_foot EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_face decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_face decreas pain and temperatur sensat of face decreased pain and temperature sensation of face decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_face EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_hand decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_hand c2016480 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of hand decreased pain and temperature sensation of hand decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_hand EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_inguinal_region_L1_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_inguinal_region_L1_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of inguin region l1 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of inguinal region l1 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_inguinal_region_L1_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_knee_and_medial_leg_L4_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_knee_and_medial_leg_L4_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of knee and medial leg l4 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of knee and medial leg l4 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_knee_and_medial_leg_L4_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_lateral_leg_and_dorsum_of_foot_L5_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_lateral_leg_and_dorsum_of_foot_L5_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of later leg and dorsum of foot l5 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of lateral leg and dorsum of foot l5 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_lateral_leg_and_dorsum_of_foot_L5_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_lateral_upper_thigh decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_lateral_upper_thigh c2016503 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of later upper thigh decreased pain and temperature sensation of lateral upper thigh decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_lateral_upper_thigh EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_leg decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_leg SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of leg decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_leg EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_leg_or_foot decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_leg_or_foot c2164412 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of leg or foot decreased pain and temperature sensation of leg or foot decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_leg_or_foot EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_medial_thigh_and_knee decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_medial_thigh_and_knee c2016508 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of medial thigh and knee decreased pain and temperature sensation of medial thigh and knee decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_medial_thigh_and_knee EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_median_nerve decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_median_nerve SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of median nerv decreased pain and temperature sensation of median nerve sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_median_nerve EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_neck decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_neck SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of neck decreased pain and temperature sensation of neck sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_neck EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_outer_upper_arm_C5_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_outer_upper_arm_C5_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of outer upper arm c5 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of outer upper arm c5 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_outer_upper_arm_C5_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_sole_of_foot decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_sole_of_foot c2016564 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of sole of foot decreased pain and temperature sensation of sole of foot decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_sole_of_foot EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_sole_of_foot_and_posterior_leg_S1_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_sole_of_foot_and_posterior_leg_S1_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of sole of foot and posterior leg s1 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of sole of foot and posterior leg s1 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_sole_of_foot_and_posterior_leg_S1_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_toe decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_toe c2164413 decreas pain and temperatur sensat of toe decreased pain and temperature sensation of toe decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_toe EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_ulnar_forearm_and_arm_T1 decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_ulnar_forearm_and_arm_T1 SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of ulnar forearm and arm t1 decreased pain and temperature sensation of ulnar forearm and arm t1 sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_ulnar_forearm_and_arm_T1 EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_ulnar_nerve decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_ulnar_nerve SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of ulnar nerv decreased pain and temperature sensation of ulnar nerve sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_ulnar_nerve EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_upper_thigh_L2_dermatome decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_upper_thigh_L2_dermatome SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat of upper thigh l2 dermatom decreased pain and temperature sensation of upper thigh l2 dermatome sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_of_upper_thigh_L2_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_over_middle_finger_C7 decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_over_middle_finger_C7 SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat over middl finger c7 decreased pain and temperature sensation over middle finger c7 sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_over_middle_finger_C7 EPISEM:decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_posterior_thigh_S2 decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_posterior_thigh_S2 SENSORi decreas pain and temperatur sensat posterior thigh s2 decreased pain and temperature sensation posterior thigh s2 sensory decreased_pain_and_temperature_sensation_posterior_thigh_S2 EPISEM:decreased_pain_sensation decreased_pain_sensation SENSORi decreas pain sensat decreased pain sensation sensory decreased_pain_sensation EPISEM:decreased_pain_sensation_in_extremities decreased_pain_sensation_in_extremities SENSORi decreas pain sensat in extrem decreased pain sensation in extremities sensory decreased_pain_sensation_in_extremities EPISEM:decreased_proprioception_in_legs decreased_proprioception_in_legs c2678339 decreas propriocept in leg decreased proprioception in legs decreased_proprioception_in_legs EPISEM:decreased_supinator_reflex decreased_supinator_reflex decreas radial-reflex decreas supin reflex decreased radial-reflex decreased supinator reflex decreased_supinator_reflex EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation decreased_tactile_sensation decreas tactil sensat decreas touch decreased tactile sensation decreased touch decreased_tactile_sensation EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_dorsum_of_foot decreased_tactile_sensation_dorsum_of_foot SENSORi decreas tactil sensat dorsum of foot decreased tactile sensation dorsum of foot sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_dorsum_of_foot EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_in_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking decreased_tactile_sensation_in_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking SENSORi decreas tactil sensat in distal extrem glove and stock decreased tactile sensation in distal extremities glove and stocking sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_in_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_arm decreased_tactile_sensation_of_arm decreas tactil sensat of arm decreas touch on arm decreased tactile sensation of arm decreased touch on arm decreased_tactile_sensation_of_arm EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_back_of_head_C2_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_back_of_head_C2_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of back of head c2 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of back of head c2 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_back_of_head_C2_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_regions_S3_S4_and_S5_dermatomes decreased_tactile_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_regions_S3_S4_and_S5_dermatomes SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of buttock and perian region s3 s4 and s5 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of buttock and perianal regions s3 s4 and s5 dermatomes sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_regions_S3_S4_and_S5_dermatomes EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_regions_bilaterally_saddle_area decreased_tactile_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_regions_bilaterally_saddle_area SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of buttock and perian region bilater saddl area decreased tactile sensation of buttock and perianal regions bilaterally saddle area sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_buttock_and_perianal_regions_bilaterally_saddle_area EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_deep_peroneal_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_deep_peroneal_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of deep peron nerv decreased tactile sensation of deep peroneal nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_deep_peroneal_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_fourth_and_fifth_digits_ulnar_hand_and_distal_forearm_C8_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_fourth_and_fifth_digits_ulnar_hand_and_distal_forearm_C8_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of fourth and fifth digit ulnar hand and distal forearm c8 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of fourth and fifth digits ulnar hand and distal forearm c8 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_fourth_and_fifth_digits_ulnar_hand_and_distal_forearm_C8_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_hand decreased_tactile_sensation_of_hand decreas tactil sensat of hand decreas touch on hand decreased tactile sensation of hand decreased touch on hand decreased_tactile_sensation_of_hand EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_inguinal_region_L1_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_inguinal_region_L1_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of inguin region l1 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of inguinal region l1 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_inguinal_region_L1_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_knee_and_medial_leg_L4_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_knee_and_medial_leg_L4_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of knee and medial leg l4 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of knee and medial leg l4 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_knee_and_medial_leg_L4_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lateral_leg_and_dorsum_of_foot_L5_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lateral_leg_and_dorsum_of_foot_L5_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of later leg and dorsum of foot l5 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of lateral leg and dorsum of foot l5 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lateral_leg_and_dorsum_of_foot_L5_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lateral_plantar_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lateral_plantar_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of later plantar nerv decreased tactile sensation of lateral plantar nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lateral_plantar_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_leg_or_foot decreased_tactile_sensation_of_leg_or_foot decreas tactil sensat of leg or foot decreas touch on leg or foot decreased tactile sensation of leg or foot decreased touch on leg or foot decreased_tactile_sensation_of_leg_or_foot EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lower_thigh_L3_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lower_thigh_L3_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of lower thigh l3 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of lower thigh l3 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_lower_thigh_L3_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_medial_plantar_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_medial_plantar_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of medial plantar nerv decreased tactile sensation of medial plantar nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_medial_plantar_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_median_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_median_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of median nerv decreased tactile sensation of median nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_median_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_middle_finger_only_C7_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_middle_finger_only_C7_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of middl finger onli c7 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of middle finger only c7 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_middle_finger_only_C7_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_neck decreased_tactile_sensation_of_neck decreas tactil sensat of neck decreas touch on neck decreased tactile sensation of neck decreased touch on neck decreased_tactile_sensation_of_neck EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_outer_upper_arm_C5_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_outer_upper_arm_C5_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of outer upper arm c5 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of outer upper arm c5 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_outer_upper_arm_C5_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_posterior_thigh_S2_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_posterior_thigh_S2_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of posterior thigh s2 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of posterior thigh s2 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_posterior_thigh_S2_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_radial_forearm_thumb_and_index_finger_C6_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_radial_forearm_thumb_and_index_finger_C6_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of radial forearm thumb and index finger c6 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of radial forearm thumb and index finger c6 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_radial_forearm_thumb_and_index_finger_C6_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_radial_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_radial_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of radial nerv decreased tactile sensation of radial nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_radial_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_saphenous_nerve_medial_calf decreased_tactile_sensation_of_saphenous_nerve_medial_calf SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of saphen nerv medial calf decreased tactile sensation of saphenous nerve medial calf sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_saphenous_nerve_medial_calf EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_sole_of_foot decreased_tactile_sensation_of_sole_of_foot decreas tactil sensat of sole of foot decreas touch on sole of foot decreased tactile sensation of sole of foot decreased touch on sole of foot decreased_tactile_sensation_of_sole_of_foot EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_superficial_peroneal_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_superficial_peroneal_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of superfici peron nerv decreased tactile sensation of superficial peroneal nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_superficial_peroneal_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_sural_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_sural_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of sural nerv decreased tactile sensation of sural nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_sural_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_ulnar_forearm_and_arm_T1_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_ulnar_forearm_and_arm_T1_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of ulnar forearm and arm t1 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of ulnar forearm and arm t1 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_ulnar_forearm_and_arm_T1_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_ulnar_nerve decreased_tactile_sensation_of_ulnar_nerve SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of ulnar nerv decreased tactile sensation of ulnar nerve sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_ulnar_nerve EPISEM:decreased_tactile_sensation_of_upper_thigh_L2_dermatome decreased_tactile_sensation_of_upper_thigh_L2_dermatome SENSORi decreas tactil sensat of upper thigh l2 dermatom decreased tactile sensation of upper thigh l2 dermatome sensory decreased_tactile_sensation_of_upper_thigh_L2_dermatome EPISEM:decreased_tendon_reflex decreased_tendon_reflex 405946002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 405946002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer decreas tendon reflex decreased tendon reflex decreased_tendon_reflex EPISEM:decreased_touch_sensation decreased_touch_sensation SENSORi decreas touch sensat decreased touch sensation sensory decreased_touch_sensation EPISEM:decreased_triceps_reflex decreased_triceps_reflex 299825004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299825004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer decreas tricep reflex decreased triceps reflex decreased_triceps_reflex EPISEM:decreased_upper_extremity_reflexes decreased_upper_extremity_reflexes decreas upper extrem reflex decreased upper extremity reflexes reflex decreased_upper_extremity_reflexes EPISEM:decreased_vibration_and_proprioceptive_sense decreased_vibration_and_proprioceptive_sense SENSORi decreas vibrat and propriocept sens decreased vibration and proprioceptive sense sensory decreased_vibration_and_proprioceptive_sense EPISEM:decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_arm_or_hand decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_arm_or_hand c2189582 decreas vibratori sensat of arm or hand decreased vibratory sensation of arm or hand decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_arm_or_hand EPISEM:decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking SENSORi decreas vibratori sensat of distal extrem glove and stock decreased vibratory sensation of distal extremities glove and stocking sensory decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_distal_extremities_glove_and_stocking EPISEM:decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_leg_or_foot decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_leg_or_foot c2189590 decreas vibratori sensat of leg or foot decreased vibratory sensation of leg or foot decreased_vibratory_sensation_of_leg_or_foot EPISEM:decreased_vibratory_sense decreased_vibratory_sense A decreas in the abil to perceiv vibration. Clinically, this is usual test with a tune fork which vibrat at 128 Hz and is appli to boni promin such as the malleoli at the ankl or the metacarpal-phalang joints. There is a slow decay of vibrat from the tune fork. The degre of vibratori sens loss can be crude estim by count the number of second that the examin can perceiv the vibrat longer than the patient. a decrease in the ability to perceive vibration. clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 hz and is applied to bony prominences such as the malleoli at the ankles or the metacarpal-phalangeal joints. there is a slow decay of vibration from the tuning fork. the degree of vibratory sense loss can be crudely estimated by counting the number of seconds that the examiner can perceive the vibration longer than the patient. decreas vibratori sens decreased vibratory sense decreased_vibratory_sense EPISEM:deficient_saccades deficient_saccades defici saccad deficient saccades deficient_saccades EPISEM:deficient_smooth_pursuit deficient_smooth_pursuit c0751609 defici smooth pursuit deficient smooth pursuit deficient_smooth_pursuit EPISEM:delayed_language delayed_language delay languag delay languag acquisit delayed language delayed language acquisition delayed_language EPISEM:delayed_puberty delayed_puberty Pass the age when puberti normal occur with no physic or hormon sign of the onset of puberti delay puberti delayed puberty passing the age when puberty normally occurs with no physical or hormonal signs of the onset of puberty delayed_puberty EPISEM:delusion delusion A fals belief regard the self or person or object outsid the self that persist despit the facts, and is not consid tenabl by one associates. a false belief regarding the self or persons or objects outside the self that persists despite the facts, and is not considered tenable by one's associates. delus delusion delusion EPISEM:dementia dementia A loss of global cognit abil of suffici amount to interfer with normal social or occup function. Dementia repres a loss of previous present cognit abilities, general in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. a loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. dementia dementia EPISEM:denervation_atrophy_of_tongue denervation_atrophy_of_tongue Atrophi of the tongu is manifest by a loss of bulk on the affect side. With advanc atrophy, the tongu is furrowed, wrinkled, and obvious smaller on the affect side. atrophy of the tongue is manifested by a loss of bulk on the affected side. with advanced atrophy, the tongue is furrowed, wrinkled, and obviously smaller on the affected side. denerv atrophi of tongu denervation atrophy of tongue denervation_atrophy_of_tongue EPISEM:developmental_delay developmental_delay c0424605 development delay developmental delay developmental_delay EPISEM:developmental_regression developmental_regression Loss of development skills, as manifest by loss of development milestones. development regress developmental regression loss of developmental skills, as manifested by loss of developmental milestones. developmental_regression EPISEM:deviation_of_uvula deviation_of_uvula 249884003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249884003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer deviat of uvula deviation of uvula deviation_of_uvula EPISEM:difficulty_arising difficulty_arising difficulti aris difficulti get up difficulty arising difficulty getting up difficulty_arising EPISEM:difficulty_chewing difficulty_chewing An abnorm reduct in the abil to mastic (chew), i.e., in the abil to crush and ground food in prepar for swallow an abnormal reduction in the ability to masticate (chew), i.e., in the ability to crush and ground food in preparation for swallowing difficulti chew difficulty chewing difficulty_chewing EPISEM:difficulty_climbing_stairs difficulty_climbing_stairs difficulti climb stair difficulty climbing stairs difficulty_climbing_stairs EPISEM:difficulty_in_initiating_movements difficulty_in_initiating_movements A slow in initi movement general suggest a frontal lobe lesion damag circuit involv in movement initiation. a slowness in initiating movements generally suggests a frontal lobe lesion damaging circuits involved in movement initiation. difficulti in initi movement difficulty in initiating movements difficulty_in_initiating_movements EPISEM:difficulty_in_speaking difficulty_in_speaking difficulti in speak difficulty in speaking difficulty_in_speaking EPISEM:difficulty_moving_tongue difficulty_moving_tongue 285501007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 285501007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer difficulti move tongu difficulty moving tongue difficulty_moving_tongue EPISEM:difficulty_turning_body difficulty_turning_body 249911000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249911000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer difficulti turn bodi difficulty turning body difficulty_turning_body EPISEM:difficulty_walking difficulty_walking difficulti walk difficulty walking troubl walk trouble walking difficulty_walking EPISEM:difficulty_writing difficulty_writing 102938007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 102938007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer difficulti write difficulty writing difficulty_writing EPISEM:diplegia diplegia bilater paralysi bilateral paralysis diplegia diplegia EPISEM:diplegia_of_arms diplegia_of_arms diplegia of arm diplegia of arms paralysi of both arms; unabl to move both arm paralysis of both arms; unable to move both arms diplegia_of_arms EPISEM:disinhibited disinhibited 247973004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247973004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disinhibit disinhibited disinhibited EPISEM:disorders_of_eyelid disorders_of_eyelid 60113004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 60113004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disord of eyelid disorders of eyelid disorders_of_eyelid EPISEM:disorganized disorganized 736319003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 736319003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disorgan disorganized disorganized EPISEM:disorientation disorientation disori disorient disorientation disoriented disorientation EPISEM:disorientation_to_person_place_and_time disorientation_to_person_place_and_time 39538002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 39538002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disorient to person place and time disorientation to person place and time disorientation_to_person_place_and_time EPISEM:disoriented disoriented disori disoriented disoriented EPISEM:disoriented_in_time disoriented_in_time disori in time disoriented in time disoriented_in_time EPISEM:disoriented_to_person disoriented_to_person 62766000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 62766000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disori to person disoriented to person disoriented_to_person EPISEM:disoriented_to_place disoriented_to_place disori to place disoriented to place place disorient place disorientation disoriented_to_place EPISEM:disoriented_to_time disoriented_to_time 19657006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 19657006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disori to time disoriented to time disoriented_to_time EPISEM:dissociative_convulsions dissociative_convulsions dissoci convuls dissociative convulsions hyster seizur hysterical seizures dissociative_convulsions EPISEM:dissociative_tremor dissociative_tremor dissoci tremor dissociative tremor hyster tremor hysterical tremor dissociative_tremor EPISEM:distal_limb_muscle_atrophy_due_to_peripheral_neuropathy_mild distal_limb_muscle_atrophy_due_to_peripheral_neuropathy_mild ATROPHi atrophy distal limb muscl atrophi due to peripher neuropathi mild distal limb muscle atrophy due to peripheral neuropathy mild distal_limb_muscle_atrophy_due_to_peripheral_neuropathy_mild EPISEM:distal_muscle_weakness distal_muscle_weakness Reduc strength of the musculatur of the distal extrem distal muscl weak distal muscle weakness reduced strength of the musculature of the distal extremities distal_muscle_weakness EPISEM:distal_sensory_impairment distal_sensory_impairment An abnorm reduct in sensat in the distal portion of the extremities. an abnormal reduction in sensation in the distal portions of the extremities. distal sensori impair distal sensory impairment distal_sensory_impairment EPISEM:distal_sensory_loss_of_proprioception_and_vibration_sense distal_sensory_loss_of_proprioception_and_vibration_sense SENSORi distal sensori loss of propriocept and vibrat sens distal sensory loss of proprioception and vibration sense sensory distal_sensory_loss_of_proprioception_and_vibration_sense EPISEM:distractible distractible 28102002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 28102002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer distract distractible distractible EPISEM:disturbance_of_consciousness disturbance_of_consciousness 3006004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 3006004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer disturb of conscious disturbance of consciousness disturbance_of_consciousness EPISEM:dizziness dizziness dizzi dizziness dizziness EPISEM:downbeat_nystagmus downbeat_nystagmus Downbeat nystagmus is a type of fixat nystagmus with the fast phase beat in a downward direction. It general increas when look to the side and down and when lie prone. downbeat nystagmus downbeat nystagmus is a type of fixation nystagmus with the fast phase beating in a downward direction. it generally increases when looking to the side and down and when lying prone. downbeat_nystagmus EPISEM:dressing_apraxia dressing_apraxia Dress apraxia is a syndrom of the right (incorrect defin as minor) hemisphere, indic the incapac of effectu the act of dress correct (for exampl pass the head in the sleev or dress trouser at the invers etc…). Howev this difficulti should not be explain by a primari motor or sensori deficit or by a general attent failur (as it can be observ in patient with dementia, delirium or with a sever frontal syndrome). Interestingly, sever case report of patient with pure dress apraxia have been published, without the evid of the co-pres of other form of apraxia or other signific deficit in other cognit spheres. dress apraxia dressing apraxia dressing apraxia is a syndrome of the right (incorrectly defined as minor) hemisphere, indicating the incapacity of effectuating the acts of dressing correctly (for example passing the head in the sleeve or dressing trousers at the inverse etc…). however this difficulty should not be explained by a primary motor or sensory deficit or by a general attention failure (as it can be observed in patients with dementia, delirium or with a severe frontal syndrome). interestingly, several cases reports of patients with pure dressing apraxia have been published, without the evidence of the co-presence of other forms of apraxia or other significant deficits in other cognitive spheres. dressing_apraxia EPISEM:droopy_eyelids droopy_eyelids droopi eyelid droopy eyelids droopy_eyelids EPISEM:drop_attacks drop_attacks drop attack drop attacks drop_attacks EPISEM:drowsy_on_examination drowsy_on_examination 162704004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 162704004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer drowsi on examin drowsy on examination drowsy_on_examination EPISEM:drusen_of_optic_disc drusen_of_optic_disc Optic disc drusen are acellular, calcifi deposit within the optic nerv head. Optic disc drusen are congenit and development anomali of the optic nerv head, repres hyaline-contain bodi that, over time, appear as elevated, lumpi irregular on the anterior portion of the optic nerve. drusen of optic disc optic disc drusen are acellular, calcified deposits within the optic nerve head. optic disc drusen are congenital and developmental anomalies of the optic nerve head, representing hyaline-containing bodies that, over time, appear as elevated, lumpy irregularities on the anterior portion of the optic nerve. drusen_of_optic_disc EPISEM:dull_headache dull_headache dull headach dull headache dull_headache EPISEM:dysarthria dysarthria dysarthria imperfect speech articul due to disturb of muscular control. imperfect speech articulation due to disturbances of muscular control. dysarthria EPISEM:dyscalculia dyscalculia acalculia dyscalculia dyscalculia EPISEM:dysconjugate_eye_movements dysconjugate_eye_movements dysconjug eye movement dysconjugate eye movements dysconjugate_eye_movements EPISEM:dysconjugate_gaze dysconjugate_gaze 103263007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 103263007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer dysconjug gaze dysconjugate gaze dysconjugate_gaze EPISEM:dysdiadochokinesis dysdiadochokinesis dysdiadochokinesi dysdiadochokinesis dysdiadochokokinesia: impair rapid altern movement dysdiadochokokinesia: impaired rapid alternating movements dysdiadochokinesis EPISEM:dysesthesia dysesthesia Abnormal sensat with no appar physic caus that are pain or unpleasant. abnormal sensations with no apparent physical cause that are painful or unpleasant. dysesthesia dysesthesia EPISEM:dyskinesia dyskinesia a diseas character by abnorm involuntari movement of muscl a disease characterized by abnormal involuntary movements of muscles dyskinesia dyskinesia EPISEM:dysmetria dysmetria A type of ataxia character by the inabl to carri out movement with the correct rang and motion across the plane of more than one joint relat to incorrect estim of the distanc requir for target movements. a type of ataxia characterized by the inability to carry out movements with the correct range and motion across the plane of more than one joint related to incorrect estimation of the distances required for targeted movements. dysmetria dysmetria EPISEM:dysmnesic_seizure dysmnesic_seizure dysmnes seizur dysmnesic seizure dysmnesic_seizure EPISEM:dysphagia dysphagia A disord character by difficulti in swallowing. a disorder characterized by difficulty in swallowing. dysphagia dysphagia EPISEM:dysprosody dysprosody A speech disord in which the melodi and rhythm of speeech fail to correct convey the intend emot of the speaker. a speech disorder in which the melody and rhythm of speeech fails to correctly convey the intended emotion of the speaker. dysprosodi dysprosody dysprosody EPISEM:dystonia dystonia An abnorm increas muscular tone that caus fix abnorm postures. There is a slow, intermitt twist motion that lead to exagger turn and postur of the extrem and trunk. an abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. there is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk. dystonia dystonia EPISEM:dystonia_1 dystonia_1 dystonia 1 motor dystonia_1 EPISEM:dystonic_disorder dystonic_disorder dyston disord dystonic disorder syndrom domin by involuntary, sustain or spasmodic, patterned, and repetit muscl contractions; frequent caus twisting, flex or extending, and squeez movement or abnorm postures. syndrome dominated by involuntary, sustained or spasmodic, patterned, and repetitive muscle contractions; frequently causing twisting, flexing or extending, and squeezing movements or abnormal postures. dystonic_disorder EPISEM:ear_pain ear_pain ear pain ear_pain EPISEM:echolalia echolalia echo speech echolalia echolalia EPISEM:end_position_nystagmus end_position_nystagmus end posit nystagmus end position nystagmus gaze evok nystagmus gaze evoked nystagmus end_position_nystagmus EPISEM:endocrine_symptoms endocrine_symptoms endocrin symptom endocrine symptoms endocrine_symptoms EPISEM:enlarged_blind_spot enlarged_blind_spot 33970004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 33970004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer enlarg blind spot enlarged blind spot enlarged_blind_spot EPISEM:epiphora epiphora epiphora excess tearing; wateri eye excessive tearing; watery eyes epiphora EPISEM:equivocal_plantar_response equivocal_plantar_response 246589002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 246589002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer equivoc plantar respons equivocal plantar response equivocal_plantar_response EPISEM:essential_tremor essential_tremor essenti tremor essential tremor essential_tremor EPISEM:expressive_aphasia expressive_aphasia 229665008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 229665008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer express aphasia expressive aphasia expressive_aphasia EPISEM:extensor_plantar_response extensor_plantar_response extensor plantar respons extensor plantar response reflex extensor_plantar_response EPISEM:extensor_plantar_response_left extensor_plantar_response_left 299891004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299891004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer extensor plantar respons left extensor plantar response left extensor_plantar_response_left EPISEM:extensor_plantar_response_right extensor_plantar_response_right 299892006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299892006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer extensor plantar respons right extensor plantar response right extensor_plantar_response_right EPISEM:extensor_posture extensor_posture extensor postur extensor posture motor extensor_posture EPISEM:extensor_rigidity extensor_rigidity extensor rigid extensor rigidity motor extensor_rigidity EPISEM:extinction extinction 71778000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 71778000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer extinct extinction extinction EPISEM:extinction_and_neglect extinction_and_neglect 22058002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 22058002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer extinct and neglect extinction and neglect extinction_and_neglect EPISEM:eye_deviated eye_deviated eye deviat eye deviated eye_deviated EPISEM:eye_movement_disorder eye_movement_disorder eye movement disord eye movement disorder patholog process affect the voluntari or reflex-control movement of the eye. pathologic process affecting the voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye. eye_movement_disorder EPISEM:eye_pain eye_pain eye pain eye_pain EPISEM:eyelid_ptosis eyelid_ptosis Droop of the upper lid due to defici develop or paralysi of the levat palpebra muscle. drooping of the upper lid due to deficient development or paralysis of the levator palpebrae muscle. eyelid ptosi eyelid ptosis eyelid_ptosis EPISEM:face_pain face_pain face pain face_pain EPISEM:facial_diplegia facial_diplegia bilater facial weak bilateral facial weakness facial diplegia facial_diplegia EPISEM:facial_dystonia facial_dystonia facial dystonia motor facial_dystonia EPISEM:facial_myokimia facial_myokimia Facial myokymia is a fine fibrillari activ of one or more muscl innerv by the facial nerv (the seventh cranial nerve). facial myokimia facial myokymia is a fine fibrillary activity of one or more muscles innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve). facial_myokimia EPISEM:facial_numbness facial_numbness Loss of sensat to temperature, pin prick, or touch on the face. facial numb facial numbness loss of sensation to temperature, pin prick, or touch on the face. facial_numbness EPISEM:facial_palsy_LMN facial_palsy_LMN facial palsi l m n facial palsy l m n facial_palsy_LMN EPISEM:facial_paralysis facial_paralysis Complet loss of abil to move facial muscl innerv by the facial nerv (i.e., the seventh cranial nerve). complete loss of ability to move facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve (i.e., the seventh cranial nerve). facial paralysi facial paralysis facial_paralysis EPISEM:facial_paresis facial_paresis facial paresi facial paresis facial weakness; facial droop facial_paresis EPISEM:facial_paresthesia facial_paresthesia 95665007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 95665007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer facial paresthesia facial_paresthesia EPISEM:facial_sensation_decreased_V1 facial_sensation_decreased_V1 facial sensat decreas v1 facial sensation decreased v1 facial_sensation_decreased_V1 EPISEM:facial_sensation_decreased_V2 facial_sensation_decreased_V2 facial sensat decreas v2 facial sensation decreased v2 facial_sensation_decreased_V2 EPISEM:facial_sensation_decreased_V3 facial_sensation_decreased_V3 facial sensat decreas v3 facial sensation decreased v3 facial_sensation_decreased_V3 EPISEM:facial_tic facial_tic 230335009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 230335009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer facial tic facial_tic EPISEM:facial_weakness_LMN facial_weakness_LMN Facial weak due to a lesion of the facial nerv or the facial nerv nucleus. In general, both upper and lower face are equal affected. facial weak l m n facial weakness due to a lesion of the facial nerve or the facial nerve nucleus. in general, both upper and lower face are equally affected. facial weakness l m n facial_weakness_LMN EPISEM:facial_weakness_UMN facial_weakness_UMN Facial weak due to lesion abov the facial nerv nucleus. Supranuclear lesion general caus facial weak that is wors in the lower face than the upper face due to bilater supranculear control of the upper face. facial weak u m n facial weakness due to lesion above the facial nerve nucleus. supranuclear lesions generally cause facial weakness that is worse in the lower face than the upper face due to bilateral supranculear control of the upper face. facial weakness u m n facial_weakness_UMN EPISEM:falling_down falling_down A sudden movement downward, usual result in injuri a sudden movement downward, usually resulting in injury fall down falling down falling_down EPISEM:familial_tremor familial_tremor famili tremor familial tremor familial_tremor EPISEM:fasciculation fasciculation fascicul fasciculation muscl fascicul muscle fasciculation fasciculation EPISEM:fasciculation_of_tongue fasciculation_of_tongue 249878001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249878001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer fascicul of tongu fasciculation of tongue fasciculation_of_tongue EPISEM:fecal_incontinence fecal_incontinence fecal incontin fecal incontinence fecal_incontinence EPISEM:festinating_gait festinating_gait festin festin gait festinating gait festination festinating_gait EPISEM:fine_rapid_hand_tremor fine_rapid_hand_tremor fine rapid hand tremor fine_rapid_hand_tremor EPISEM:fine_tremor fine_tremor 42800007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 42800007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer fine tremor fine_tremor EPISEM:finger-nose_test_abnormal finger-nose_test_abnormal 250063007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 250063007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer finger-nos test abnorm finger-nose test abnormal finger-nose_test_abnormal EPISEM:finger_agnosia finger_agnosia An inabl or difficulti differenti among the finger of either hand as well as the hand of other an inability or difficulty differentiating among the fingers of either hand as well as the hands of others finger agnosia finger_agnosia EPISEM:finger_dysmetria finger_dysmetria c1847354 finger dysmetria finger_dysmetria EPISEM:finger_tremor finger_tremor finger tremor finger_tremor EPISEM:fixed_dilated_pupil fixed_dilated_pupil 103271006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 103271006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer fix dilat pupil fixed dilated pupil fixed_dilated_pupil EPISEM:flaccid_dysarthria flaccid_dysarthria flaccid dysarthria lower motor neuron type dysarthria; bulbar type dysarthria flaccid_dysarthria EPISEM:flaccid_hemiplegia_dominant_side flaccid_hemiplegia_dominant_side c2875327 flaccid hemiplegia domin side flaccid hemiplegia dominant side flaccid_hemiplegia_dominant_side EPISEM:flaccid_motor_tone flaccid_motor_tone flaccid motor tone flaccidity; flaccid tone; flaccid muscl tone flaccidity; flaccid tone; flaccid muscle tone flaccid_motor_tone EPISEM:flaccid_paraplegia flaccid_paraplegia 192966000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 192966000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer flaccid paraplegia flaccid_paraplegia EPISEM:flat_affect flat_affect 932006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 932006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer flat affect flat_affect EPISEM:flight_of_ideas flight_of_ideas Rapid success of thought pertain to differ subject that are still connected. flight of idea flight of ideas rapid succession of thoughts pertaining to different subjects that are still connected. flight_of_ideas EPISEM:flinging_movements_of_legs flinging_movements_of_legs fling movement of leg flinging movements of legs flinging_movements_of_legs EPISEM:foot_drop foot_drop Weak of the muscl respons for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toe toward the shin. The foot dorsiflexor includ the tibiali anterior, the extensor halluci longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles. foot drop weakness of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot, that is, of the movement of the toes towards the shin. the foot dorsiflexors include the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the peroneus tertius muscles. foot_drop EPISEM:foot_drop_gait foot_drop_gait An abnorm gait pattern that aris from weak of the pretibi and peron muscl due to a lower motor neuron lesion. Affect patient have footdrop and are unabl to dorsiflex and evert the foot. The leg is lift high on walk so that the toe clear the ground, and there may be a slap nois when the foot strike the ground again. an abnormal gait pattern that arises from weakness of the pretibial and peroneal muscles due to a lower motor neuron lesion. affected patients have footdrop and are unable to dorsiflex and evert the foot. the leg is lifted high on walking so that the toes clear the ground, and there may be a slapping noise when the foot strikes the ground again. foot drop gait foot_drop_gait EPISEM:forgetful forgetful An impair of memori as manifest by a reduc abil to rememb thing such as date and names, and increas forgetfulness. an impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness. forget forgetful forgetful EPISEM:freezing_of_gait freezing_of_gait Freez of gait is defin as a brief, episod absenc or mark reduct of forward progress of the feet despit the intent to walk freez of gait freezing of gait freezing of gait is defined as a brief, episodic absence or marked reduction of forward progression of the feet despite the intention to walk freezing_of_gait EPISEM:gag_reflex_absent gag_reflex_absent 5258001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 5258001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer gag reflex absent gag_reflex_absent EPISEM:gait_apraxia gait_apraxia Impair ambul not attribut to sensori impair or motor weakness. The impair is thought to be due to disorgan of high level motor program for walking. gait apraxia impaired ambulation not attributed to sensory impairment or motor weakness. the impairment is thought to be due to disorganization of high level motor programs for walking. gait_apraxia EPISEM:gait_difficulty gait_difficulty c0575081 gait difficulti gait difficulty gait_difficulty EPISEM:gait_finding gait_finding 298302000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 298302000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer gait find gait finding gait_finding EPISEM:gaze_palsy gaze_palsy gaze palsi gaze palsy gaze_palsy EPISEM:gegenhalten gegenhalten gegenhalten paratonia gegenhalten EPISEM:general_unsteadiness general_unsteadiness 271713000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 271713000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer general unsteadi general unsteadiness general_unsteadiness EPISEM:generalized_hypotonia generalized_hypotonia general hypotonia generalized hypotonia motor generalized_hypotonia EPISEM:generalized_muscle_hypertrophy generalized_muscle_hypertrophy general muscl hypertrophi generalized muscle hypertrophy motor generalized_muscle_hypertrophy EPISEM:generalized_weakness generalized_weakness Gener weak or decreas strength of the muscles, affect both distal and proxim musculature. general weak generalized weakness generalized weakness or decreased strength of the muscles, affecting both distal and proximal musculature. generalized_weakness EPISEM:getting_lost getting_lost A form of disorient where the person lose their way and is unabl to get to their destination. a form of disorientation where the person loses their way and is unable to get to their destination. get lost getting lost getting_lost EPISEM:glabellar_reflex_abnormal glabellar_reflex_abnormal 299802000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299802000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer glabellar reflex abnorm glabellar reflex abnormal glabellar_reflex_abnormal EPISEM:global_aphasia global_aphasia global aphasia total aphasia global_aphasia EPISEM:glossopharyngeal_nerve_finding glossopharyngeal_nerve_finding Diseas of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerv or it nuclei in the medulla. The nerv may be injur by diseas affect the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerv extracrani course. Clinic manifest includ loss of sensat from the pharynx, decreas salivation, and syncope. Glossopharyng neuralgia refer to a condit that featur recurr unilater sharp pain in the tongue, angl of the jaw, extern auditori meatus and throat that may be associ with SYNCOPE. Episod may be trigger by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressur on the tragus of the ear. diseases of the ninth cranial (glossopharyngeal) nerve or its nuclei in the medulla. the nerve may be injured by diseases affecting the lower brain stem, floor of the posterior fossa, jugular foramen, or the nerve's extracranial course. clinical manifestations include loss of sensation from the pharynx, decreased salivation, and syncope. glossopharyngeal neuralgia refers to a condition that features recurrent unilateral sharp pain in the tongue, angle of the jaw, external auditory meatus and throat that may be associated with syncope. episodes may be triggered by cough, sneeze, swallowing, or pressure on the tragus of the ear. glossopharyng nerv find glossopharyngeal nerve finding glossopharyngeal_nerve_finding EPISEM:glove_sensory_loss glove_sensory_loss glove anesthesia glove sensori loss glove sensory loss glove_sensory_loss EPISEM:graphesthesia_impaired graphesthesia_impaired 299945006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299945006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer graphesthesia impair graphesthesia impaired graphesthesia_impaired EPISEM:grasp_reflex grasp_reflex grasp reflex reflex grasp_reflex EPISEM:grasp_reflex_present grasp_reflex_present grasp reflex present reflex grasp_reflex_present EPISEM:hallucination hallucination hallucin hallucination subject experienc sensat in the absenc of an appropri stimulus, but which are regard by the individu as real; may be of organ origin, drug induced, or associ with a mental disorder. subjectively experienced sensations in the absence of an appropriate stimulus, but which are regarded by the individual as real; may be of organic origin, drug induced, or associated with a mental disorder. hallucination EPISEM:hand_grip_myotonia hand_grip_myotonia difficulti releas handgrip difficulty releasing handgrip hand grip myotonia hand_grip_myotonia EPISEM:harmful_thoughts harmful_thoughts 162314006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 162314006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer harm thought harmful thoughts harmful_thoughts EPISEM:head_finding head_finding c1320354 head find head finding head_finding EPISEM:hearing_impaired hearing_impaired A general term for the complet or partial loss of the abil to hear from one or both ears. a general term for the complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. hear impair hearing impaired hearing_impaired EPISEM:hearing_loss hearing_loss hear loss hearing loss hearing_loss EPISEM:hearing_loss_left_ear hearing_loss_left_ear hear loss left ear hearing loss left ear hearing_loss_left_ear EPISEM:hearing_loss_right_ear hearing_loss_right_ear hear loss right ear hearing loss right ear hearing_loss_right_ear EPISEM:heel-shin_test_abnormal heel-shin_test_abnormal 250066004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 250066004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer heel-shin test abnorm heel-shin test abnormal heel-shin_test_abnormal EPISEM:hemiageusia hemiageusia 697992008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 697992008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer hemiageusia hemiageusia EPISEM:hemianopia hemianopia Partial or complet loss of vision in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes. hemianopia partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes. hemianopia EPISEM:hemiballismus hemiballismus Hemiballismus is a rare movement disord that is caus primarili by damag to various area in the basal ganglia. Hemiballismus is usual character by involuntari fling motion of the extremities. The movement are often violent and have wide amplitud of motion. They are continu and random and can involv proxim and/or distal muscl on one side of the body, while some case even includ the facial muscles. The more a patient is active, the more the movement increase. With relax come a decreas in movements. hemiballismus hemiballismus is a rare movement disorder that is caused primarily by damage to various areas in the basal ganglia. hemiballismus is usually characterized by involuntary flinging motions of the extremities. the movements are often violent and have wide amplitudes of motion. they are continuous and random and can involve proximal and/or distal muscles on one side of the body, while some cases even include the facial muscles. the more a patient is active, the more the movements increase. with relaxation comes a decrease in movements. hemiballismus EPISEM:hemifacial_anhidrosis hemifacial_anhidrosis A lack of sweat on one side of the face. a lack of sweating on one side of the face. hemifaci anhidrosi hemifacial anhidrosis hemifacial_anhidrosis EPISEM:hemifacial_spasm hemifacial_spasm Recurr clonic contract of facial muscles, restrict to one side. It may occur as a manifest of compress lesion involv the seventh cranial nerv (FACIAL NERVE DISEASES), dure recoveri from BELL PALSY, or in associ with other disorders. hemifaci spasm hemifacial spasm recurrent clonic contraction of facial muscles, restricted to one side. it may occur as a manifestation of compressive lesions involving the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve diseases), during recovery from bell palsy, or in association with other disorders. hemifacial_spasm EPISEM:hemiplegia hemiplegia Paralysi (complet loss of muscl function) in the arm, leg, and in some case the face on one side of the body. hemiplegia paralysis (complete loss of muscle function) in the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body. hemiplegia EPISEM:hemiplegic_gait hemiplegic_gait 52751000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 52751000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer hemipleg gait hemiplegic gait hemiplegic_gait EPISEM:hemisensory_dysesthesia_or_hyperesthesia hemisensory_dysesthesia_or_hyperesthesia SENSORi hemisensori dysesthesia or hyperesthesia hemisensory dysesthesia or hyperesthesia sensory hemisensory_dysesthesia_or_hyperesthesia EPISEM:hemisensory_loss hemisensory_loss hemianesthesia hemisensori loss hemisensory loss hemisensory_loss EPISEM:hemisensory_loss_to_all_modalities hemisensory_loss_to_all_modalities SENSORi hemisensori loss to all modal hemisensory loss to all modalities sensory hemisensory_loss_to_all_modalities EPISEM:hemisensory_loss_to_pain_and_temperature hemisensory_loss_to_pain_and_temperature SENSORi hemisensori loss to pain and temperatur hemisensory loss to pain and temperature sensory hemisensory_loss_to_pain_and_temperature EPISEM:hemisensory_loss_to_touch hemisensory_loss_to_touch SENSORi hemisensori loss to touch hemisensory loss to touch sensory hemisensory_loss_to_touch EPISEM:hemisensory_loss_to_vibration hemisensory_loss_to_vibration SENSORi hemisensori loss to vibrat hemisensory loss to vibration sensory hemisensory_loss_to_vibration EPISEM:hemisensory_neglect hemisensory_neglect 32422007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 32422007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer hemisensori neglect hemisensory neglect hemisensory_neglect EPISEM:herpes_simplex_encephalitis herpes_simplex_encephalitis d0000851 herp simplex enceph herpes simplex encephalitis herpes_simplex_encephalitis EPISEM:heteronymous_hemianopia heteronymous_hemianopia 344104004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 344104004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer heteronym hemianopia heteronymous hemianopia heteronymous_hemianopia EPISEM:hiccoughs hiccoughs c0019521 hiccough hiccoughs hiccoughs EPISEM:high_pitched_voice high_pitched_voice An abnorm increas in the pitch (frequency) of the voic an abnormal increase in the pitch (frequency) of the voice high pitch voic high pitched voice high_pitched_voice EPISEM:high_steppage_gait high_steppage_gait c3552731 high steppag gait high steppage gait high_steppage_gait EPISEM:history_of_a_fall history_of_a_fall histori of a fall history of a fall history_of_a_fall EPISEM:hoarseness hoarseness c0019825 hoars hoarseness hoarseness EPISEM:homocidal_ideation homocidal_ideation 225450009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 225450009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer homocid ideat homocidal ideation homocidal_ideation EPISEM:homonymous_hemianopia homonymous_hemianopia 34063005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 34063005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer homonym hemianopia homonymous hemianopia homonymous_hemianopia EPISEM:homonymous_quadrantanopia homonymous_quadrantanopia 193679001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 193679001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer homonym quadrantanopia homonymous quadrantanopia homonymous_quadrantanopia EPISEM:horizontal_diplopia horizontal_diplopia c0751077 horizont diplopia horizontal diplopia horizontal_diplopia EPISEM:horizontal_gaze_palsy horizontal_gaze_palsy 232115006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 232115006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer horizont gaze palsi horizontal gaze palsy horizontal_gaze_palsy EPISEM:horizontal_nystagmus horizontal_nystagmus Nystagmus consist of horizont to-and-fro eye movements. horizont nystagmus horizontal nystagmus nystagmus consisting of horizontal to-and-fro eye movements. horizontal_nystagmus EPISEM:hostility hostility Persist or frequent angri feelings; anger or irrit in respons to minor slight and insults. hostil hostility persistent or frequent angry feelings; anger or irritability in response to minor slights and insults. hostility EPISEM:hyperactive hyperactive Hyperact mean have increas movement, impuls actions, and a shorter attent span, and be easili distracted. hyperact hyperactive hyperactivity means having increased movement, impulsive actions, and a shorter attention span, and being easily distracted. hyperactive EPISEM:hyperacusis hyperacusis hyperacusi hyperacusis pain sensit to sound; sound seem unnatur loud painful sensitivity to sound; sounds seem unnaturally loud hyperacusis EPISEM:hyperacusis_left_ear hyperacusis_left_ear 1088941000119107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 1088941000119107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer hyperacusi left ear hyperacusis left ear hyperacusis_left_ear EPISEM:hyperacusis_right_ear hyperacusis_right_ear c2881988 hyperacusi right ear hyperacusis right ear hyperacusis_right_ear EPISEM:hyperalgesia hyperalgesia hyperalgesia hyperpathia hyperalgesia EPISEM:hyperexplexia hyperexplexia hyperexplexia reflex hyperexplexia EPISEM:hyperkinesia hyperkinesia Excessiv movement of muscl of the bodi as a whole, which may be associ with organ or psycholog disorders. excessive movement of muscles of the body as a whole, which may be associated with organic or psychological disorders. hyperkinesia hyperkinesia EPISEM:hypermetria hypermetria Overshoot the target on rapid-alternating-movements. hypermetria overshooting the target on rapid-alternating-movements. hypermetria EPISEM:hyperreflexia hyperreflexia Hyperreflexia is the presenc of hyperact stretch reflex of the muscles. hyperreflexia hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles. hyperreflexia EPISEM:hypertrophy_of_lower_leg_muscles hypertrophy_of_lower_leg_muscles hypertrophi of lower leg muscl hypertrophy of lower leg muscles motor hypertrophy_of_lower_leg_muscles EPISEM:hypertrophy_of_sternocleidomastoid hypertrophy_of_sternocleidomastoid hypertrophi of sternocleidomastoid hypertrophy of sternocleidomastoid motor hypertrophy_of_sternocleidomastoid EPISEM:hypertropia hypertropia A type of strabismus character by perman upward deviat of the visual axi of one eye. a type of strabismus characterized by permanent upward deviation of the visual axis of one eye. hypertropia hypertropia EPISEM:hypesthesia hypesthesia Diminish sensat in one or more modal includ temperatur sense, vibrat sense, pain sense, light touch sense, or proprioception. diminished sensation in one or more modality including temperature sense, vibration sense, pain sense, light touch sense, or proprioception. hypesthesia hypesthesia EPISEM:hypnogoguic_hallucinations hypnogoguic_hallucinations hypnogogu hallucin hypnogoguic hallucinations hypnogoguic_hallucinations EPISEM:hypokinesia hypokinesia Abnormal diminish motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not character by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverti of movement. The typic habitu movement (e.g., fold the arms, cross the legs) are reduc in frequency. abnormally diminished motor activity. in contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. the typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency. hypokinesia hypokinesia EPISEM:hypokinetic_dysarthria hypokinetic_dysarthria extrapyradim type dysarthria extrapyradimal type dysarthria hypokinet dysarthria hypokinetic dysarthria hypokinetic_dysarthria EPISEM:hypomanic hypomanic A less sever form of mania character by elev mood, hyperactivity, and grandiosity. In contrast to mania, these symptom do not caus signific impair of the individu product at work, or social and famili relationships. a less severe form of mania characterized by elevated mood, hyperactivity, and grandiosity. in contrast to mania, these symptoms do not cause significant impairment of the individual's productivity at work, or social and family relationships. hypoman hypomanic hypomanic EPISEM:hypomelanotic_macule hypomelanotic_macule hypomelanot macul hypomelanotic macule skin hypomelanotic_macule EPISEM:hypometria hypometria Undershoot the target on rapid altern movements. hypometria undershooting the target on rapid alternating movements. hypometria EPISEM:hypometric_saccades hypometric_saccades hypometr saccad hypometric saccades hypometric_saccades EPISEM:hypophonia hypophonia Reduc intens (volume) of speech. hypophonia reduced intensity (volume) of speech. hypophonia EPISEM:hyporeflexia hyporeflexia Decreas but not necessarili absent deep tendon reflexes. decreased but not necessarily absent deep tendon reflexes. hyporeflexia hyporeflexia EPISEM:hyposmia hyposmia hyposmia reduc sens of smell, impair sens of smell reduced sense of smell, impaired sense of smell hyposmia EPISEM:hysterical_blindness hysterical_blindness hyster blind hysterical blindness hysterical_blindness EPISEM:hysterical_gait hysterical_gait 271707009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 271707009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer hyster gait hysterical gait hysterical_gait EPISEM:hysterical_mutism hysterical_mutism convers mutism conversion mutism hyster mutism hysterical mutism hysterical_mutism EPISEM:hysterical_paralysis hysterical_paralysis hyster paralysi hyster paresi hysterical paralysis hysterical paresis hysterical_paralysis EPISEM:ictal_Jacksonian_seizure ictal_Jacksonian_seizure d0000092 ictal jacksonian seizur ictal jacksonian seizure ictal_Jacksonian_seizure EPISEM:ictal_abdominal_pain ictal_abdominal_pain d0000025 ictal abdomin pain ictal abdominal pain ictal_abdominal_pain EPISEM:ictal_absence_seizure ictal_absence_seizure d0000026 ictal absenc seizur ictal absence seizure ictal_absence_seizure EPISEM:ictal_aggressiveness ictal_aggressiveness d0000844 ictal aggress ictal aggressiveness ictal_aggressiveness EPISEM:ictal_akinetic_seizure ictal_akinetic_seizure d0000310 ictal akinet seizur ictal akinetic seizure ictal_akinetic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_altered_awareness ictal_altered_awareness d0000027 ictal alter awar ictal altered awareness ictal_altered_awareness EPISEM:ictal_amnesia ictal_amnesia d0000028 ictal amnesia ictal_amnesia EPISEM:ictal_apnea ictal_apnea d0000029 ictal apnea ictal_apnea EPISEM:ictal_arm_posturing ictal_arm_posturing d0000030 ictal arm postur ictal arm posturing ictal_arm_posturing EPISEM:ictal_arrhythmia ictal_arrhythmia d0000031 ictal arrhythmia ictal_arrhythmia EPISEM:ictal_astatic_seizures ictal_astatic_seizures d0000311 ictal astat seizur ictal astatic seizures ictal_astatic_seizures EPISEM:ictal_asystole ictal_asystole d0000032 ictal asystol ictal asystole ictal_asystole EPISEM:ictal_atonic_seizure ictal_atonic_seizure d0000033 ictal aton seizur ictal atonic seizure ictal_atonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_atypical_absence ictal_atypical_absence d0000034 ictal atyp absenc ictal atypical absence ictal_atypical_absence EPISEM:ictal_auditory ictal_auditory d0000035 ictal auditori ictal auditory ictal_auditory EPISEM:ictal_auditory_hallucinations ictal_auditory_hallucinations d0000036 ictal auditori hallucin ictal auditory hallucinations ictal_auditory_hallucinations EPISEM:ictal_automatisms ictal_automatisms d0000037 ictal automat ictal automatisms ictal_automatisms EPISEM:ictal_autonomic ictal_autonomic d0000038 ictal autonom ictal autonomic ictal_autonomic EPISEM:ictal_behavioral ictal_behavioral d0000039 ictal behavior ictal behavioral ictal_behavioral EPISEM:ictal_behavioral_arrest ictal_behavioral_arrest d0000040 ictal behavior arrest ictal behavioral arrest ictal_behavioral_arrest EPISEM:ictal_bipedal_automatisms ictal_bipedal_automatisms d0000041 ictal biped automat ictal bipedal automatisms ictal_bipedal_automatisms EPISEM:ictal_blurred_vision ictal_blurred_vision d0000042 ictal blur vision ictal blurred vision ictal_blurred_vision EPISEM:ictal_body_rocking ictal_body_rocking d0000043 ictal bodi rock ictal body rocking ictal_body_rocking EPISEM:ictal_bradycardia ictal_bradycardia d0000044 ictal bradycardia ictal_bradycardia EPISEM:ictal_clonic_activity ictal_clonic_activity d0000045 ictal clonic activ ictal clonic activity ictal_clonic_activity EPISEM:ictal_clonic_seizure ictal_clonic_seizure d0000832 ictal clonic seizur ictal clonic seizure ictal_clonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_clouded_consciousness ictal_clouded_consciousness d0000046 ictal cloud conscious ictal clouded consciousness ictal_clouded_consciousness EPISEM:ictal_complex_auditory ictal_complex_auditory d0000047 ictal complex auditori ictal complex auditory ictal_complex_auditory EPISEM:ictal_complex_partial_seizure ictal_complex_partial_seizure d0000048 ictal complex partial seizur ictal complex partial seizure ictal_complex_partial_seizure EPISEM:ictal_complex_phenomenology ictal_complex_phenomenology d0000049 ictal complex phenomenolog ictal complex phenomenology ictal_complex_phenomenology EPISEM:ictal_complex_postures ictal_complex_postures d0000050 ictal complex postur ictal complex postures ictal_complex_postures EPISEM:ictal_complex_visual ictal_complex_visual d0000051 ictal complex visual ictal_complex_visual EPISEM:ictal_confusion ictal_confusion d0000052 ictal confus ictal confusion ictal_confusion EPISEM:ictal_crying_dacrystic ictal_crying_dacrystic d0000831 ictal cri dacryst ictal crying dacrystic ictal_crying_dacrystic EPISEM:ictal_cyanosis ictal_cyanosis d0000053 ictal cyanosi ictal cyanosis ictal_cyanosis EPISEM:ictal_deja_vu ictal_deja_vu d0000054 ictal deja vu ictal_deja_vu EPISEM:ictal_dialeptic_seizure ictal_dialeptic_seizure d0000312 ictal dialept seizur ictal dialeptic seizure ictal_dialeptic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_dizziness ictal_dizziness d0000055 ictal dizzi ictal dizziness ictal_dizziness EPISEM:ictal_dream_state ictal_dream_state d0000056 ictal dream state ictal_dream_state EPISEM:ictal_drop_attacks ictal_drop_attacks d0000057 ictal drop attack ictal drop attacks ictal_drop_attacks EPISEM:ictal_dysmnesia ictal_dysmnesia d0000058 ictal dysmnesia ictal_dysmnesia EPISEM:ictal_dystonic_posturing ictal_dystonic_posturing d0000327 ictal dyston postur ictal dystonic posturing ictal_dystonic_posturing EPISEM:ictal_eye_blinking ictal_eye_blinking d0000060 ictal eye blink ictal eye blinking ictal_eye_blinking EPISEM:ictal_eye_deviation ictal_eye_deviation d0000061 ictal eye deviat ictal eye deviation ictal_eye_deviation EPISEM:ictal_eye_lid_fluttering ictal_eye_lid_fluttering d0000062 ictal eye lid flutter ictal eye lid fluttering ictal_eye_lid_fluttering EPISEM:ictal_eyes_rolling_back ictal_eyes_rolling_back d0000063 ictal eye roll back ictal eyes rolling back ictal_eyes_rolling_back EPISEM:ictal_face_and_head ictal_face_and_head d0000064 ictal face and head ictal_face_and_head EPISEM:ictal_face_flushing ictal_face_flushing d0000065 ictal face flush ictal face flushing ictal_face_flushing EPISEM:ictal_face_jerks ictal_face_jerks d0000068 ictal face jerk ictal face jerks ictal_face_jerks EPISEM:ictal_face_numbness ictal_face_numbness d0000067 ictal face numb ictal face numbness ictal_face_numbness EPISEM:ictal_facial_movements ictal_facial_movements d0000069 ictal facial movement ictal facial movements ictal_facial_movements EPISEM:ictal_faintness ictal_faintness d0000070 ictal faint ictal faintness ictal_faintness EPISEM:ictal_falling ictal_falling d0000071 ictal fall ictal falling ictal_falling EPISEM:ictal_fear ictal_fear d0000072 ictal fear ictal_fear EPISEM:ictal_febrile_seizure ictal_febrile_seizure d0000073 ictal febril seizur ictal febrile seizure ictal_febrile_seizure EPISEM:ictal_feeling_strange ictal_feeling_strange d0000074 ictal feel strang ictal feeling strange ictal_feeling_strange EPISEM:ictal_fencing_posture ictal_fencing_posture d0000075 ictal fenc postur ictal fencing posture ictal_fencing_posture EPISEM:ictal_figure_of_4_sign ictal_figure_of_4_sign d0000076 ictal figur of 4 sign ictal figure of 4 sign ictal_figure_of_4_sign EPISEM:ictal_finding ictal_finding d0000314 ictal find ictal finding ictal_finding EPISEM:ictal_flexor_spasm ictal_flexor_spasm d0000078 ictal flexor spasm ictal_flexor_spasm EPISEM:ictal_focal_clonic ictal_focal_clonic d0000079 ictal focal clonic ictal_focal_clonic EPISEM:ictal_focal_motor_seizure ictal_focal_motor_seizure d0000080 ictal focal motor seizur ictal focal motor seizure ictal_focal_motor_seizure EPISEM:ictal_focal_seizure ictal_focal_seizure d0000849 ictal focal seizur ictal focal seizure ictal_focal_seizure EPISEM:ictal_focal_sensory_seizure ictal_focal_sensory_seizure d0000081 ictal focal sensori seizur ictal focal sensory seizure ictal_focal_sensory_seizure EPISEM:ictal_generalized_seizure ictal_generalized_seizure d0000840 ictal general seizur ictal generalized seizure ictal_generalized_seizure EPISEM:ictal_gyratory_seizure ictal_gyratory_seizure d0000082 ictal gyratori seizur ictal gyratory seizure ictal_gyratory_seizure EPISEM:ictal_hallucinations ictal_hallucinations d0000083 ictal hallucin ictal hallucinations ictal_hallucinations EPISEM:ictal_head_dropping ictal_head_dropping d0000084 ictal head drop ictal head dropping ictal_head_dropping EPISEM:ictal_head_rolling_back ictal_head_rolling_back d0000085 ictal head roll back ictal head rolling back ictal_head_rolling_back EPISEM:ictal_head_turning ictal_head_turning d0000086 ictal head turn ictal head turning ictal_head_turning EPISEM:ictal_hemiplegia ictal_hemiplegia d0000087 ictal hemiplegia ictal_hemiplegia EPISEM:ictal_hyper_emotionality ictal_hyper_emotionality d0000088 ictal hyper emot ictal hyper emotionality ictal_hyper_emotionality EPISEM:ictal_hyperkinetic_motor_signs ictal_hyperkinetic_motor_signs d0000089 ictal hyperkinet motor sign ictal hyperkinetic motor signs ictal_hyperkinetic_motor_signs EPISEM:ictal_hypermotor_seizure ictal_hypermotor_seizure d0000315 ictal hypermotor seizur ictal hypermotor seizure ictal_hypermotor_seizure EPISEM:ictal_impaired_cognition ictal_impaired_cognition d0000330 ictal impair cognit ictal impaired cognition ictal_impaired_cognition EPISEM:ictal_jamais_vu ictal_jamais_vu d0000326 ictal jamai vu ictal jamais vu ictal_jamais_vu EPISEM:ictal_laughter_gelastic ictal_laughter_gelastic d0000094 ictal laughter gelast ictal laughter gelastic ictal_laughter_gelastic EPISEM:ictal_limb_thrashing ictal_limb_thrashing d0000095 ictal limb thrash ictal limb thrashing ictal_limb_thrashing EPISEM:ictal_lip_smacking ictal_lip_smacking d0000096 ictal lip smack ictal lip smacking ictal_lip_smacking EPISEM:ictal_loss_of_consciousness ictal_loss_of_consciousness d0000097 ictal loss of conscious ictal loss of consciousness ictal_loss_of_consciousness EPISEM:ictal_moans_groans_and_unintelligible_speech ictal_moans_groans_and_unintelligible_speech d0000099 ictal moan groan and unintellig speech ictal moans groans and unintelligible speech ictal_moans_groans_and_unintelligible_speech EPISEM:ictal_motor ictal_motor d0000100 ictal motor ictal_motor EPISEM:ictal_motor_automatisms ictal_motor_automatisms d0000101 ictal motor automat ictal motor automatisms ictal_motor_automatisms EPISEM:ictal_muscle_twitching ictal_muscle_twitching d0000102 ictal muscl twitch ictal muscle twitching ictal_muscle_twitching EPISEM:ictal_mydriasis ictal_mydriasis d0000103 ictal mydriasi ictal mydriasis ictal_mydriasis EPISEM:ictal_myoclonic_atonic_seizure ictal_myoclonic_atonic_seizure d0000104 ictal myoclon aton seizur ictal myoclonic atonic seizure ictal_myoclonic_atonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_myoclonic_jerk ictal_myoclonic_jerk d0000106 ictal myoclon jerk ictal myoclonic jerk ictal_myoclonic_jerk EPISEM:ictal_myoclonic_seizure ictal_myoclonic_seizure d0000105 ictal myoclon seizur ictal myoclonic seizure ictal_myoclonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_myoclonic_tonic_seizure ictal_myoclonic_tonic_seizure d0000850 ictal myoclon tonic seizur ictal myoclonic tonic seizure ictal_myoclonic_tonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_nausea ictal_nausea d0000107 ictal nausea ictal_nausea EPISEM:ictal_nightmares ictal_nightmares d0000108 ictal nightmar ictal nightmares ictal_nightmares EPISEM:ictal_numbness ictal_numbness d0000333 ictal numb ictal numbness ictal_numbness EPISEM:ictal_pallor ictal_pallor d0000110 ictal pallor ictal_pallor EPISEM:ictal_picking_at_clothlng ictal_picking_at_clothlng d0000112 ictal pick at clothlng ictal picking at clothlng ictal_picking_at_clothlng EPISEM:ictal_piloerection ictal_piloerection d0000113 ictal piloerect ictal piloerection ictal_piloerection EPISEM:ictal_posturing ictal_posturing d0000114 ictal postur ictal posturing ictal_posturing EPISEM:ictal_repetitive_speech_palilalia ictal_repetitive_speech_palilalia d0000115 ictal repetit speech palilalia ictal repetitive speech palilalia ictal_repetitive_speech_palilalia EPISEM:ictal_screams ictal_screams d0000116 ictal scream ictal screams ictal_screams EPISEM:ictal_secondarily_generalized_tonic_clonic_seizure ictal_secondarily_generalized_tonic_clonic_seizure d0000117 ictal secondarili general tonic clonic seizur ictal secondarily generalized tonic clonic seizure ictal_secondarily_generalized_tonic_clonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_seizure_type ictal_seizure_type d0000318 ictal seizur type ictal seizure type ictal_seizure_type EPISEM:ictal_sensory ictal_sensory d0000332 ictal sensori ictal sensory ictal_sensory EPISEM:ictal_simple_auditory ictal_simple_auditory d0000118 ictal simpl auditori ictal simple auditory ictal_simple_auditory EPISEM:ictal_simple_partial ictal_simple_partial d0000119 ictal simpl partial ictal simple partial ictal_simple_partial EPISEM:ictal_simple_visual ictal_simple_visual d0000120 ictal simpl visual ictal simple visual ictal_simple_visual EPISEM:ictal_speech_arrest ictal_speech_arrest d0000122 ictal speech arrest ictal_speech_arrest EPISEM:ictal_speech_difficulty ictal_speech_difficulty d0000123 ictal speech difficulti ictal speech difficulty ictal_speech_difficulty EPISEM:ictal_spitting_or_drinking ictal_spitting_or_drinking d0000124 ictal spit or drink ictal spitting or drinking ictal_spitting_or_drinking EPISEM:ictal_staring ictal_staring d0000125 ictal stare ictal staring ictal_staring EPISEM:ictal_tachycardia ictal_tachycardia d0000126 ictal tachycardia ictal_tachycardia EPISEM:ictal_tingling ictal_tingling d0000334 ictal tingl ictal tingling ictal_tingling EPISEM:ictal_tongue_biting ictal_tongue_biting d0000127 ictal tongu bite ictal tongue biting ictal_tongue_biting EPISEM:ictal_tonic_clonic_seizure ictal_tonic_clonic_seizure d0000128 ictal tonic clonic seizur ictal tonic clonic seizure ictal_tonic_clonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_tonic_seizure ictal_tonic_seizure d0000129 ictal tonic seizur ictal tonic seizure ictal_tonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_typical_absence ictal_typical_absence d0000845 ictal typic absenc ictal typical absence ictal_typical_absence EPISEM:ictal_unclassified_type ictal_unclassified_type d0000319 ictal unclassifi type ictal unclassified type ictal_unclassified_type EPISEM:ictal_unilateral_tonic_or_clonic_seizure ictal_unilateral_tonic_or_clonic_seizure d0000130 ictal unilater tonic or clonic seizur ictal unilateral tonic or clonic seizure ictal_unilateral_tonic_or_clonic_seizure EPISEM:ictal_urinary_incontinence ictal_urinary_incontinence d0000131 ictal urinari incontin ictal urinary incontinence ictal_urinary_incontinence EPISEM:ictal_urinary_urge ictal_urinary_urge d0000132 ictal urinari urg ictal urinary urge ictal_urinary_urge EPISEM:ictal_verbal_automatisms ictal_verbal_automatisms d0000133 ictal verbal automat ictal verbal automatisms ictal_verbal_automatisms EPISEM:ictal_versive_seizure ictal_versive_seizure d0000320 ictal versiv seizur ictal versive seizure ictal_versive_seizure EPISEM:ictal_vertigo ictal_vertigo d0000135 ictal vertigo ictal_vertigo EPISEM:ictal_visual ictal_visual d0000136 ictal visual ictal_visual EPISEM:ictal_visual_hallucinations ictal_visual_hallucinations d0000137 ictal visual hallucin ictal visual hallucinations ictal_visual_hallucinations EPISEM:ictal_visual_obscurations ictal_visual_obscurations d0000138 ictal visual obscur ictal visual obscurations ictal_visual_obscurations EPISEM:ictal_vocalizations ictal_vocalizations d0000139 ictal vocal ictal vocalizations ictal_vocalizations EPISEM:ictal_vomiting ictal_vomiting d0000140 ictal vomit ictal vomiting ictal_vomiting EPISEM:ictal_wandering ictal_wandering d0000329 ictal wander ictal wandering ictal_wandering EPISEM:ictal_word_finding_difficulty ictal_word_finding_difficulty d0000142 ictal word find difficulti ictal word finding difficulty ictal_word_finding_difficulty EPISEM:ideational_apraxia ideational_apraxia 66397001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 66397001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer ideat apraxia ideational apraxia ideational_apraxia EPISEM:ideomotor_apraxia ideomotor_apraxia A form of apraxia character by an acquir inabl to carri out a complex motor activ despit the abil to mental formul the action. This condit has been attribut to a disrupt of connect between the domin pariet cortex and supplementari and premotor cortic region in both hemispheres. a form of apraxia characterized by an acquired inability to carry out a complex motor activity despite the ability to mentally formulate the action. this condition has been attributed to a disruption of connections between the dominant parietal cortex and supplementary and premotor cortical regions in both hemispheres. ideomotor apraxia ideomotor_apraxia EPISEM:impaired_abstract_thinking impaired_abstract_thinking 424100000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 424100000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair abstract think impaired abstract thinking impaired_abstract_thinking EPISEM:impaired_alertness impaired_alertness 704426000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 704426000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair alert impaired alertness impaired_alertness EPISEM:impaired_attention impaired_attention 76039005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 76039005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair attent impaired attention impaired_attention EPISEM:impaired_body_position_sense impaired_body_position_sense c0576690 impair bodi posit sens impaired body position sense impaired_body_position_sense EPISEM:impaired_concentration impaired_concentration 60032008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 60032008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair concentr impaired concentration impaired_concentration EPISEM:impaired_distal_proprioception impaired_distal_proprioception A loss or impair of the sensat of the relat posit of part of the bodi and joint posit occur at distal joints. a loss or impairment of the sensation of the relative position of parts of the body and joint position occuring at distal joints. impair distal propriocept impaired distal proprioception impaired_distal_proprioception EPISEM:impaired_elevation_of_soft_palate impaired_elevation_of_soft_palate 249885002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249885002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair elev of soft palat impaired elevation of soft palate impaired_elevation_of_soft_palate EPISEM:impaired_insight impaired_insight impair insight impaired insight lack of insight; defect insight lack of insight; defective insight impaired_insight EPISEM:impaired_joint_sense impaired_joint_sense 299942009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299942009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair joint sens impaired joint sense impaired_joint_sense EPISEM:impaired_judgment impaired_judgment impair judgment impaired judgment lack of judgment; loss of judgment impaired_judgment EPISEM:impaired_memory impaired_memory impair memori impaired memory poor memory; memori deficit poor memory; memory deficit impaired_memory EPISEM:impaired_swallowing impaired_swallowing 288939007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 288939007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impair swallow impaired swallowing impaired_swallowing EPISEM:impaired_vigilance impaired_vigilance impair vigil impaired vigilance impaired_vigilance EPISEM:impairment_in_registration impairment_in_registration impair in registr impair work memory; impair registr impaired working memory; impaired registration impairment in registration impairment_in_registration EPISEM:impairment_of_attention impairment_of_attention impair of attent impairment of attention impairment_of_attention EPISEM:impatient impatient c0919568 impati impatient impatient EPISEM:impulsive impulsive 286756000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 286756000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer impuls impulsive impulsive EPISEM:inability_to_walk inability_to_walk Incapabl to ambulate. inability to walk inabl to walk incapability to ambulate. inability_to_walk EPISEM:inappropriate_behavior inappropriate_behavior The definit of inappropri is someon or someth that is not within the bound of what is consid appropri or social acceptable. inappropri behavior inappropriate behavior the definition of inappropriate is someone or something that is not within the bounds of what is considered appropriate or socially acceptable. inappropriate_behavior EPISEM:inappropriate_jocularity inappropriate_jocularity Using humor and joke inappropriately, usual in the set of disinhibit due to frontal lobe injury. See also witzelsucht. inappropri jocular inappropriate jocularity using humor and joking inappropriately, usually in the setting of disinhibition due to frontal lobe injury. see also witzelsucht. inappropriate_jocularity EPISEM:inappropriate_laughter_or_crying inappropriate_laughter_or_crying Uncontrol episod of cri or laughing, without appar motiv stimuli. inappropri laughter or cri inappropriate laughter or crying uncontrolled episodes of crying or laughing, without apparent motivating stimuli. inappropriate_laughter_or_crying EPISEM:inattentive inattentive 22058002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 22058002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer inattent inattentive inattentive EPISEM:incoherent_speech incoherent_speech Speech which is non-sens and difficulti to understand. This term is use and general and doe not have a precis neurolog definit to describ rambl non-sens speech. incoher speech incoherent speech speech which is non-sensical and difficulty to understand. this term is used and generally and does not have a precise neurological definition to describe rambling non-sensical speech. incoherent_speech EPISEM:incoordination incoordination 281016006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 281016006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer incoordin incoordination incoordination EPISEM:increased_tone_in_lower_limbs increased_tone_in_lower_limbs c2674843 increas tone in lower limb increased tone in lower limbs increased_tone_in_lower_limbs EPISEM:injury_of_cervical_spine injury_of_cervical_spine injuri of cervic spine injury of cervical spine injury_of_cervical_spine EPISEM:injury_of_lumbar_spine injury_of_lumbar_spine injuri of lumbar spine injury of lumbar spine injury_of_lumbar_spine EPISEM:injury_of_thoracic_spine injury_of_thoracic_spine injuri of thorac spine injury of thoracic spine injury_of_thoracic_spine EPISEM:interictal_finding interictal_finding d0000331 interict find interictal finding interictal_finding EPISEM:internuclear_ophthalmoplegia internuclear_ophthalmoplegia internuclear ophthalmoplegia internuclear_ophthalmoplegia EPISEM:intrinsic_hand_weakness intrinsic_hand_weakness intrins hand weak intrinsic hand weakness weak intrins hand muscl weak intrinsic hand muscles intrinsic_hand_weakness EPISEM:involuntary_movement involuntary_movement 267078001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 267078001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer involuntari movement involuntary movement involuntary_movement EPISEM:irritable irritable Abnormal or excess excit with easili trigger anger, annoyance, or impatience. abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience. irrit irritable irritable EPISEM:ischemic_optic_neuropathy ischemic_optic_neuropathy ischem optic neuropathi ischemic optic neuropathy schemic injuri to the OPTIC NERVE which usual affect the OPTIC DISK (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequent the retrobulbar portion of the nerv (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). The injuri result from occlus of arteri blood suppli which may result from TEMPORAL ARTERITIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; COLLAGEN DISEASES; EMBOLISM; DIABETES MELLITUS; and other conditions. The diseas primarili occur in the sixth decad or later and present with the sudden onset of painless and usual sever monocular visual loss. Anterior ischem optic neuropathi also featur optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. The optic disk appear normal in posterior ischem optic neuropathy. schemic injury to the optic nerve which usually affects the optic disk (optic neuropathy, anterior ischemic) and less frequently the retrobulbar portion of the nerve (optic neuropathy, posterior ischemic). the injury results from occlusion of arterial blood supply which may result from temporal arteritis; atherosclerosis; collagen diseases; embolism; diabetes mellitus; and other conditions. the disease primarily occurs in the sixth decade or later and presents with the sudden onset of painless and usually severe monocular visual loss. anterior ischemic optic neuropathy also features optic disk edema with microhemorrhages. the optic disk appears normal in posterior ischemic optic neuropathy. ischemic_optic_neuropathy EPISEM:jaw_jerk_brisk jaw_jerk_brisk jaw jerk brisk reflex jaw_jerk_brisk EPISEM:jerky_movements jerky_movements jerki movement jerky movements jerky_movements EPISEM:labile_affect labile_affect Instabil of mood, prone to rapid chang in mood and affect. instability of mood, prone to rapid changes in mood and affect. labil affect labile affect labile_affect EPISEM:lack_of_speech_fluency lack_of_speech_fluency 39423001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 39423001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lack of speech fluenci lack of speech fluency lack_of_speech_fluency EPISEM:lack_of_tears lack_of_tears lack of lacrimation, lack of tears, absent lacrim lack of lacrimation, lack of tears, absent lacrimation lack of tear lack of tears lack_of_tears EPISEM:lancinating_pain lancinating_pain lancin pain lancinating pain lancinating_pain EPISEM:lateral_deviation_of_tongue_on_protrusion lateral_deviation_of_tongue_on_protrusion 249876002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249876002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer later deviat of tongu on protrus lateral deviation of tongue on protrusion lateral_deviation_of_tongue_on_protrusion EPISEM:lead_pipe_rigidity lead_pipe_rigidity 75147004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 75147004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lead pipe rigid lead pipe rigidity lead_pipe_rigidity EPISEM:left_equivocal_plantar_response left_equivocal_plantar_response left equivoc plantar respons left equivocal plantar response reflex left_equivocal_plantar_response EPISEM:left_facial_droop left_facial_droop left facial droop left_facial_droop EPISEM:left_hemiparesis left_hemiparesis 278287000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 278287000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer left hemiparesi left hemiparesis left_hemiparesis EPISEM:left_hemiplegia left_hemiplegia 278285008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 278285008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer left hemiplegia left_hemiplegia EPISEM:left_homonymous_hemianopia left_homonymous_hemianopia 55634009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 55634009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer left homonym hemianopia left homonymous hemianopia left_homonymous_hemianopia EPISEM:left_proptosis left_proptosis left exophthalmo left exophthalmos left proptosi left proptosis left_proptosis EPISEM:left_sided_headache left_sided_headache left side headach left sided headache left_sided_headache EPISEM:leg_numbness leg_numbness c0857160 leg numb leg numbness leg_numbness EPISEM:leg_pain leg_pain leg pain leg_pain EPISEM:legs_ataxic legs_ataxic coor leg atax legs ataxic legs_ataxic EPISEM:lethargy lethargy 214264003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 214264003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lethargi lethargy lethargy EPISEM:limb_dystonia limb_dystonia A type of dystonia (abnorm increas muscular tone caus fix abnorm postures) that affect muscl of the limbs. a type of dystonia (abnormally increased muscular tone causing fixed abnormal postures) that affects muscles of the limbs. limb dystonia limb_dystonia EPISEM:limb_fasciculation limb_fasciculation Fascicul affect the musculatur of the arm and legs. fasciculations affecting the musculature of the arms and legs. limb fascicul limb fasciculation limb_fasciculation EPISEM:limb_rigidity limb_rigidity limb rigid limb rigidity motor limb_rigidity EPISEM:limb_shaking limb_shaking c0235081 limb shake limb shaking limb_shaking EPISEM:limb_spasticity limb_spasticity limb spastic limb spasticity motor limb_spasticity EPISEM:limb_weakness limb_weakness 713514005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 713514005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer limb weak limb weakness limb_weakness EPISEM:limited_eye_movements limited_eye_movements 419326002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 419326002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer limit eye movement limited eye movements limited_eye_movements EPISEM:literal_paraphasia literal_paraphasia 23869008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 23869008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer liter paraphasia literal paraphasia literal_paraphasia EPISEM:locked_in_syndrome locked_in_syndrome 38023001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 38023001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lock in syndrom locked in syndrome locked_in_syndrome EPISEM:loss_of_control_of_movement loss_of_control_of_movement 249961009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249961009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer loss of control of movement loss_of_control_of_movement EPISEM:loss_of_equilibrium loss_of_equilibrium disequilibrium loss of equilibrium loss_of_equilibrium EPISEM:loss_of_executive_functions loss_of_executive_functions impair execut function impaired executive functions loss of execut function loss of executive functions loss_of_executive_functions EPISEM:loss_of_facial_expression loss_of_facial_expression loss of facial express loss of facial expression loss_of_facial_expression EPISEM:loss_of_initiative loss_of_initiative 276306002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 276306002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer loss of initi loss of initiative loss_of_initiative EPISEM:loss_of_pain_and_temperature_sensation loss_of_pain_and_temperature_sensation SENSORi loss of pain and temperatur sensat loss of pain and temperature sensation sensory loss_of_pain_and_temperature_sensation EPISEM:loss_of_temperature_sensation loss_of_temperature_sensation SENSORi loss of temperatur sensat loss of temperature sensation sensory loss_of_temperature_sensation EPISEM:low_back_pain low_back_pain low back pain low_back_pain EPISEM:lower_extremity_weakness lower_extremity_weakness c0751410 lower extrem weak lower extremity weakness lower_extremity_weakness EPISEM:lower_facial_weakness lower_facial_weakness 249932008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249932008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lower facial weak lower facial weakness lower_facial_weakness EPISEM:lower_limb_dystonia lower_limb_dystonia c2677696 lower limb dystonia lower_limb_dystonia EPISEM:lower_limb_hyperreflexia lower_limb_hyperreflexia lower limb hyperreflexia reflex lower_limb_hyperreflexia EPISEM:lower_limb_nerve_lesion lower_limb_nerve_lesion c0574718 lower limb nerv lesion lower limb nerve lesion lower_limb_nerve_lesion EPISEM:lower_limb_spasticity lower_limb_spasticity 394679006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 394679006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer lower limb spastic lower limb spasticity lower_limb_spasticity EPISEM:lumbar_root_injury lumbar_root_injury SENSORi lumbar root injuri lumbar root injury sensory lumbar_root_injury EPISEM:macrocephaly macrocephaly c0221355 macrocephali macrocephaly macrocephaly EPISEM:malaise malaise A nonspecif feel of bodili discomfort, fatigu and/or unease. a nonspecific feeling of bodily discomfort, fatigue and/or unease. malais malaise malaise EPISEM:manic manic A disord character by excit of psychot proport manifest by mental and physic hyperactivity, disorgan of behavior and elev of mood. a disorder characterized by excitement of psychotic proportions manifested by mental and physical hyperactivity, disorganization of behavior and elevation of mood. manic manic EPISEM:marche_a_petits_pas marche_a_petits_pas 250049001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 250049001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer march a petit pas marche a petits pas marche_a_petits_pas EPISEM:mask_like_facies mask_like_facies mask facies: lack of facial expression; poverti of facial express mask like faci mask like facies masked facies: lack of facial expression; poverty of facial expression mask_like_facies EPISEM:memory_lapses memory_lapses Temporari intermitt failur of memory. memori laps memory lapses temporary intermittent failures of memory. memory_lapses EPISEM:mental_and_psychological_observations mental_and_psychological_observations 416578004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 416578004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer mental and psycholog observ mental and psychological observations mental_and_psychological_observations EPISEM:mental_status_finding mental_status_finding 36456004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 36456004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer mental status find mental status finding mental_status_finding EPISEM:mesencephalic_light_near_dissociation mesencephalic_light_near_dissociation Classic teach has associ all lesion of the rostral midbrain with bilater light-near dissoci (LND), defin as attenu of the pupil light reflex (PLR) with relat spare of the near response. classical teaching has associated all lesions of the rostral midbrain with bilateral light-near dissociation (lnd), defined as attenuation of the pupil light reflex (plr) with relative sparing of the near response. mesencephal light near dissoci mesencephalic light near dissociation mesencephalic_light_near_dissociation EPISEM:micrographia micrographia Abnormal small size handwrit defin formal as an impair of a fine motor skill manifest main as a progress or stabl reduct in amplitud dure a write task. abnormally small sized handwriting defined formally as an impairment of a fine motor skill manifesting mainly as a progressive or stable reduction in amplitude during a writing task. micrographia micrographia EPISEM:migraine_with_aura migraine_with_aura migrain with aura migraine with aura migraine_with_aura EPISEM:mild_ataxia mild_ataxia Ataxia that is of mild severity. See definit of ataxia. ataxia that is of mild severity. see definition of ataxia. mild ataxia mild_ataxia EPISEM:mild_dysarhria mild_dysarhria mild dysarhria mild_dysarhria EPISEM:mild_facial_weakness mild_facial_weakness mild facial weak mild facial weakness mild_facial_weakness EPISEM:mild_memory_disturbance mild_memory_disturbance 192071009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 192071009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer mild memori disturb mild memory disturbance mild_memory_disturbance EPISEM:mild_tremor mild_tremor mild tremor mild_tremor EPISEM:mild_upper_limb_ataxia mild_upper_limb_ataxia coor mild upper limb ataxia mild_upper_limb_ataxia EPISEM:miosis miosis constrict pupil; miosis; abnorm non-physiolog constrict of the pupil constricted pupil; miosis; abnormal non-physiological constriction of the pupil miosi miosis miosis EPISEM:misconduct misconduct misconduct misconduct EPISEM:mixed_aphasia mixed_aphasia 229662006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 229662006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer mix aphasia mixed aphasia mixed_aphasia EPISEM:mixed_dysarthria mixed_dysarthria combin flaccid and spastic dysarthria combined flaccid and spastic dysarthria mix dysarthria mixed dysarthria mixed_dysarthria EPISEM:monoparesis monoparesis Weak in a singl limb. monoparesi monoparesis weakness in a single limb. monoparesis EPISEM:monoplegia monoplegia Complet loss of movement in one limb. complete loss of movement in one limb. monoplegia monoplegia EPISEM:monoplegia_arm monoplegia_arm 41764006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 41764006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer monoplegia arm monoplegia_arm EPISEM:monoplegia_leg monoplegia_leg 80420005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 80420005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer monoplegia leg monoplegia_leg EPISEM:mood_swings mood_swings labil affect labile affect mood swing mood swings mood_swings EPISEM:morbid_thoughts morbid_thoughts 162315007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 162315007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer morbid thought morbid thoughts morbid_thoughts EPISEM:motor_dysprosody motor_dysprosody A disord character by the inabl to convey emot by use the prosodi of speech. a disorder characterized by the inability to convey emotion by using the prosody of speech. motor dysprosodi motor dysprosody motor_dysprosody EPISEM:motor_finding motor_finding motor find motor finding motor nervous system find motor nervous system finding motor_finding EPISEM:motor_impersistence motor_impersistence The inabl to continu a motor activ without repeat verbal cue (e.g. \"hold your hand outstretched.\" motor impersist motor impersistence the inability to continue a motor activity without repeated verbal cues (e.g. \"hold your hands outstretched.\" motor_impersistence EPISEM:motor_tic motor_tic motor motor tic motor_tic EPISEM:movement_disorder movement_disorder Neurolog condit result in abnorm voluntari or involuntari movement, which may impact the speed, fluency, qualiti and eas of movement. movement disord movement disorder neurological conditions resulting in abnormal voluntary or involuntary movement, which may impact the speed, fluency, quality and ease of movement. movement_disorder EPISEM:muscle_atrophy muscle_atrophy amyotrophy; muscl wast amyotrophy; muscle wasting muscl atrophi muscle atrophy muscle_atrophy EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_arm muscle_atrophy_arm ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi arm muscle atrophy arm muscle_atrophy_arm EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_deltoid muscle_atrophy_deltoid 719191003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 719191003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer muscl atrophi deltoid muscle atrophy deltoid muscle_atrophy_deltoid EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_distal_leg muscle_atrophy_distal_leg ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi distal leg muscle atrophy distal leg muscle_atrophy_distal_leg EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_distal_upper_Limb muscle_atrophy_distal_upper_Limb ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi distal upper limb muscle atrophy distal upper limb muscle_atrophy_distal_upper_Limb EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_foot muscle_atrophy_foot ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi foot muscle atrophy foot muscle_atrophy_foot EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_hand muscle_atrophy_hand Muscular atrophi involv the muscl of the hand. muscl atrophi hand muscle atrophy hand muscular atrophy involving the muscles of the hand. muscle_atrophy_hand EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_hip_girdle muscle_atrophy_hip_girdle ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi hip girdl muscle atrophy hip girdle muscle_atrophy_hip_girdle EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_in_distal_forearm_and_hands muscle_atrophy_in_distal_forearm_and_hands ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi in distal forearm and hand muscle atrophy in distal forearm and hands muscle_atrophy_in_distal_forearm_and_hands EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_interosseous_muscles_of_hand muscle_atrophy_interosseous_muscles_of_hand 719188003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 719188003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer muscl atrophi inteross muscl of hand muscle atrophy interosseous muscles of hand muscle_atrophy_interosseous_muscles_of_hand EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_intrinsic_hand_muscle muscle_atrophy_intrinsic_hand_muscle c1864716 muscl atrophi intrins hand muscl muscle atrophy intrinsic hand muscle muscle_atrophy_intrinsic_hand_muscle EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_lower_limb muscle_atrophy_lower_limb lower limb amyotrophi lower limb amyotrophy muscl atrophi lower limb muscle atrophy lower limb muscle_atrophy_lower_limb EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_primarily_in_legs muscle_atrophy_primarily_in_legs ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi primarili in leg muscle atrophy primarily in legs muscle_atrophy_primarily_in_legs EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_proximal_leg muscle_atrophy_proximal_leg Muscular atrophi affect proxim locat muscl of the legs, i.e., of the thigh. muscl atrophi proxim leg muscle atrophy proximal leg muscular atrophy affecting proximally located muscles of the legs, i.e., of the thigh. muscle_atrophy_proximal_leg EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_shoulder muscle_atrophy_shoulder ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi shoulder muscle atrophy shoulder muscle_atrophy_shoulder EPISEM:muscle_atrophy_shoulder_girdle muscle_atrophy_shoulder_girdle ATROPHi atrophy muscl atrophi shoulder girdl muscle atrophy shoulder girdle muscle_atrophy_shoulder_girdle EPISEM:muscle_cramps muscle_cramps muscl cramp muscle cramps muscle_cramps EPISEM:muscle_fatigue muscle_fatigue fatiguability: muscl tire easili fatiguability: muscle tire easily muscl fatigu muscle fatigue muscle_fatigue EPISEM:muscle_hypertrophy muscle_hypertrophy general increas in bulk of a muscl due to an increas in cell volume; it is not due to tumor formation, nor to an increas in the number of cells. general increase in bulk of a muscle due to an increase in cell volume; it is not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells. muscl hypertrophi muscle hypertrophy muscle_hypertrophy EPISEM:muscle_rigidity muscle_rigidity motor impair wherebi the hyperton state is charcter by bidirect increas resist to passiv movement. motor impairment whereby the hypertonic state is charcterized by bidirectional increased resistance to passive movement. muscl rigid muscle rigidity muscle_rigidity EPISEM:muscle_twitching muscle_twitching muscl twitch muscle twitching muscle_twitching EPISEM:muscle_weakness_lower_limb muscle_weakness_lower_limb 310611000009107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 310611000009107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer muscl weak lower limb muscle weakness lower limb muscle_weakness_lower_limb EPISEM:mutism mutism The inabl to generat oral-verb expression, despit normal comprehens of speech. This may be associ with brain diseas or mental diseases. mutism the inability to generate oral-verbal expression, despite normal comprehension of speech. this may be associated with brain diseases or mental diseases. mutism EPISEM:myalgia myalgia muscl pain muscle pain myalgia myalgia EPISEM:myedema myedema myedema myoedema myedema EPISEM:myoclonus myoclonus myoclon jerk myoclonic jerks myoclonus myoclonus EPISEM:myokimia myokimia Myokymia consist of involuntary, fine, continuous, undul contract that spread across the affect striat muscle. Myokymia is character by spontaneous, fine fascicular contract of muscl without muscular atrophi or weakness. Eyelid myokymia result from fascicular contract of the orbiculari oculi muscle. Eyelid myokymia is typic unilateral, with the most common involv be one of the lower eyelids. When multipl eyelid are involved, the fascicular contract of each eyelid are independ of each other. In most cases, eyelid myokymia is benign, self-limited, and not associ with ani disease. Intervent is usual unnecessary. Rarely, eyelid myokymia may occur as a precursor of hemifaci spasm, blepharospasm, Meig syndrome, spastic-paret facial contracture, and multipl sclerosis. myokimia myokymia consists of involuntary, fine, continuous, undulating contractions that spread across the affected striated muscle. myokymia is characterized by spontaneous, fine fascicular contractions of muscle without muscular atrophy or weakness. eyelid myokymia results from fascicular contractions of the orbicularis oculi muscle. eyelid myokymia is typically unilateral, with the most common involvement being one of the lower eyelids. when multiple eyelids are involved, the fascicular contractions of each eyelid are independent of each other. in most cases, eyelid myokymia is benign, self-limited, and not associated with any disease. intervention is usually unnecessary. rarely, eyelid myokymia may occur as a precursor of hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, meige syndrome, spastic-paretic facial contracture, and multiple sclerosis. myokimia EPISEM:myopathic_gait myopathic_gait Myopath gait exagger altern of later trunk movement with an exagger elev of the hip myopath gait myopathic gait myopathic gait exaggerated alternation of lateral trunk movements with an exaggerated elevation of the hip myopathic_gait EPISEM:myotonia myotonia Prolong failur of muscl relax after contraction. This may occur after voluntari contractions, muscl percussion, or electr stimul of the muscle. Myotonia occur in some myopathi such as myotonia congenita, paramyotonia, certain channelopathies, and some form of musuclar paralysi relat to potassium metabolism. myotonia prolonged failure of muscle relaxation after contraction. this may occur after voluntary contractions, muscle percussion, or electrical stimulation of the muscle. myotonia occurs in some myopathies such as myotonia congenita, paramyotonia, certain channelopathies, and some forms of musuclar paralysis related to potassium metabolism. myotonia EPISEM:nasal_congestion nasal_congestion nasal congest nasal congestion nasal_congestion EPISEM:neck_finding neck_finding 298378000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 298378000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer neck find neck finding neck_finding EPISEM:neck_pain neck_pain neck pain neck_pain EPISEM:neck_pain_radiating_to_arm neck_pain_radiating_to_arm neck pain radiat to arm neck pain radiating to arm neck_pain_radiating_to_arm EPISEM:neck_stiffness neck_stiffness A sensat of tight in the neck when attempt to move it, especi after a period of inactivity. Neck stiff often involv sore and difficulti move the neck, especi when tri to turn the head to the side a sensation of tightness in the neck when attempting to move it, especially after a period of inactivity. neck stiffness often involves soreness and difficulty moving the neck, especially when trying to turn the head to the side neck stiff neck stiffness neck_stiffness EPISEM:neglect_of_one_side_of_the_body neglect_of_one_side_of_the_body hemi-inattention; sensori inattent hemi-inattention; sensory inattention neglect of one side of the bodi neglect of one side of the body neglect_of_one_side_of_the_body EPISEM:neologism neologism 54501006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 54501006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer neolog neologism neologism EPISEM:neuromuscular_symptoms neuromuscular_symptoms neuromuscular symptom neuromuscular symptoms neuromuscular_symptoms EPISEM:nightmares nightmares nightmar nightmares nightmares EPISEM:nuchal_rigidity nuchal_rigidity Nuchal rigid is the inabl to flex the neck forward due to rigid of the neck muscles; if flexion of the neck is pain but full rang of motion is present, nuchal rigid is absent. nuchal rigid nuchal rigidity nuchal rigidity is the inability to flex the neck forward due to rigidity of the neck muscles; if flexion of the neck is painful but full range of motion is present, nuchal rigidity is absent. nuchal_rigidity EPISEM:numbness_of_both_feet numbness_of_both_feet numb of both feet numbness of both feet numbness_of_both_feet EPISEM:numbness_of_hand numbness_of_hand c0239832 numb of hand numbness of hand numbness_of_hand EPISEM:numbness_of_lower_limb numbness_of_lower_limb c0587055 numb of lower limb numbness of lower limb numbness_of_lower_limb EPISEM:numbness_of_skin numbness_of_skin 102603008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 102603008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer numb of skin numbness of skin numbness_of_skin EPISEM:numbness_on_left_face numbness_on_left_face numb on left face numbness on left face numbness_on_left_face EPISEM:numbness_on_right_face numbness_on_right_face numb on right face numbness on right face numbness_on_right_face EPISEM:nystagmus nystagmus involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyebal involuntary, rapid, rhythmic movement of the eyeball nystagmus nystagmus EPISEM:nystagmus_on_lateral_gaze nystagmus_on_lateral_gaze nystagmus on later gaze nystagmus on lateral gaze nystagmus_on_lateral_gaze EPISEM:obscene_thoughts obscene_thoughts 247651008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247651008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer obscen thought obscene thoughts obscene_thoughts EPISEM:ocular_apraxia ocular_apraxia ocular apraxia oculomotor apraxia ocular_apraxia EPISEM:ocular_bobbing ocular_bobbing Ocular bob is a distinct eye movement disord seen in patient with pontin dysfunction. The typic phenomenon consist of abrupt, spontan downward jerk of the eye with a slow return to the midposit in associ with paralysi of spontan and reflex horizont eye movements. ocular bob ocular bobbing ocular bobbing is a distinctive eye movement disorder seen in patients with pontine dysfunction. the typical phenomenon consists of abrupt, spontaneous downward jerks of the eyes with a slow return to the midposition in association with paralysis of spontaneous and reflex horizontal eye movements. ocular_bobbing EPISEM:ocular_flutter ocular_flutter When these back to back saccad occur pure horizontally, they are known as “ocular flutter” and can be a stage of resolv opsoclonus. ocular flutter when these back to back saccades occur purely horizontally, they are known as “ocular flutter” and can be a stage of resolving opsoclonus. ocular_flutter EPISEM:olfactory_disorder olfactory_disorder 362967002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 362967002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer olfactori disord olfactory disorder olfactory_disorder EPISEM:onset_adolescent onset_adolescent d0000848 onset adolesc onset adolescent onset_adolescent EPISEM:onset_adult onset_adult d0000846 onset adult onset_adult EPISEM:onset_child onset_child d0000852 onset child onset_child EPISEM:onset_elderly onset_elderly d0000839 onset elder onset elderly onset_elderly EPISEM:onset_infant onset_infant d0000834 onset infant onset_infant EPISEM:onset_neonate onset_neonate d0000833 onset neonat onset neonate onset_neonate EPISEM:opsoclonus opsoclonus Opsoclonus, also refer to as “saccadomania” or “danc eyes”, is characteris by intermitt burst of larg amplitud high veloc multidirect back to back saccades, and has also been report in patient with viral enceph and metabol encephalopathy, as well as in those with occult neuroblastoma and drug toxicity. opsoclonus opsoclonus, also referred to as “saccadomania” or “dancing eyes”, is characterised by intermittent bursts of large amplitude high velocity multidirectional back to back saccades, and has also been reported in patients with viral encephalitis and metabolic encephalopathy, as well as in those with occult neuroblastoma and drug toxicity. opsoclonus EPISEM:optic_ataxia optic_ataxia Difficulti reach to visual guid goal in peripher vision, with the deficit leav voluntari eye movement larg unaffected. difficulty reaching to visually guided goals in peripheral vision, with the deficit leaves voluntary eye movements largely unaffected. optic ataxia optic_ataxia EPISEM:optic_atrophy optic_atrophy Atrophi of the optic nerve. Optic atrophi result from the death of the retin ganglion cell axon that compris the optic nerv and manifest as a pale optic nerv on fundoscopy. atrophy of the optic nerve. optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy. optic atrophi optic atrophy optic_atrophy EPISEM:optic_disc_finding optic_disc_finding 247201009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247201009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer optic disc find optic disc finding optic_disc_finding EPISEM:optic_nerve_pallor optic_nerve_pallor optic nerv pallor optic nerve pallor optic_nerve_pallor EPISEM:optic_neuritis optic_neuritis Inflammat of the optic nerve. Common associ condit includ autoimmun disord such as MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, infections, and granulomat diseases. Clinic featur includ retro-orbit pain that is aggrav by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensit that may progress to sever visual loss, an affer pupillari defect (Marcus-Gunn pupil), and in some instanc optic disc hyperemia and swelling. Inflammat may occur in the portion of the nerv within the globe (neuropapil or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuriti or posterior optic neuritis). inflammation of the optic nerve. commonly associated conditions include autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis, infections, and granulomatous diseases. clinical features include retro-orbital pain that is aggravated by eye movement, loss of color vision, and contrast sensitivity that may progress to severe visual loss, an afferent pupillary defect (marcus-gunn pupil), and in some instances optic disc hyperemia and swelling. inflammation may occur in the portion of the nerve within the globe (neuropapillitis or anterior optic neuritis) or the portion behind the globe (retrobulbar neuritis or posterior optic neuritis). optic neuriti optic neuritis optic_neuritis EPISEM:optokinetic_response_finding optokinetic_response_finding 366109004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 366109004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer optokinet respons find optokinetic response finding optokinetic_response_finding EPISEM:oral_apraxia oral_apraxia 361274000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 361274000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer oral apraxia oral_apraxia EPISEM:oral_dyskinesia oral_dyskinesia 229694001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 229694001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer oral dyskinesia oral_dyskinesia EPISEM:oromandibular_dystonia oromandibular_dystonia A kind of focal dystonia character by forc contract of the face, jaw, and/or tongu caus difficulti in open and close the mouth and often affect chew and speech. a kind of focal dystonia characterized by forceful contractions of the face, jaw, and/or tongue causing difficulty in opening and closing the mouth and often affecting chewing and speech. oromandibular dystonia oromandibular_dystonia EPISEM:orthostatic_hypotension orthostatic_hypotension orthostat hypotens orthostatic hypotension postiur hypotens postiural hypotension orthostatic_hypotension EPISEM:other_higher_cortical_functions other_higher_cortical_functions 311465003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 311465003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer other higher cortic function other higher cortical functions other_higher_cortical_functions EPISEM:pain_in_cervical_spine pain_in_cervical_spine c0423674 pain in cervic spine pain in cervical spine pain_in_cervical_spine EPISEM:pain_in_lumbosacral_spine pain_in_lumbosacral_spine c0423681 pain in lumbosacr spine pain in lumbosacral spine pain_in_lumbosacral_spine EPISEM:pain_in_thoracic_spine pain_in_thoracic_spine c0677061 pain in thorac spine pain in thoracic spine pain_in_thoracic_spine EPISEM:palilalia palilalia palilalia verbal repetit verbal repetition palilalia EPISEM:pallor_of_optic_disk pallor_of_optic_disk A pale yellow discolor of the optic disk (the area of the optic nerv head in the retina). The optic disc normal has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression. a pale yellow discoloration of the optic disk (the area of the optic nerve head in the retina). the optic disc normally has a pinkish hue with a central yellowish depression. pallor of optic disk pallor_of_optic_disk EPISEM:palmomental_reflex_present palmomental_reflex_present The palmo-ment reflex (palm-chin reflex) is the contract of the mentali and orbiculari ori muscl caus wrinkl of the skin of the chin with slight retract of the angl of the mouth as caus by stroke the skin of the ipsilater palm. palmoment reflex present palmomental reflex present the palmo-mental reflex (palm-chin reflex) is the contraction of the mentalis and orbicularis oris muscles causing wrinkling of the skin of the chin with slight retraction of the angle of the mouth as caused by stroking the skin of the ipsilateral palm. palmomental_reflex_present EPISEM:palpebral_ptosis palpebral_ptosis palpebr ptosi palpebral ptosis palpebral_ptosis EPISEM:papilledema papilledema optic papillitis; optic disc edema; optic disc swelling; choke disc optic papillitis; optic disc edema; optic disc swelling; choked disc papilledema papilledema EPISEM:paracecal_scotoma paracecal_scotoma 193671003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 193671003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer paracec scotoma paracecal scotoma paracecal_scotoma EPISEM:paracentral_scotoma paracentral_scotoma 64418005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 64418005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer paracentr scotoma paracentral scotoma paracentral_scotoma EPISEM:paralysis_or_weakness paralysis_or_weakness paralysi or weak paralysis or weakness paralysis_or_weakness EPISEM:paranoia paranoia paranoia paranoia EPISEM:paraparesis paraparesis Weak or partial paralysi in the lower limbs. paraparesi paraparesis weakness or partial paralysis in the lower limbs. paraparesis EPISEM:paraphasia paraphasia 53096005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 53096005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer paraphasia paraphasia EPISEM:paraplegia paraplegia Complet or partial loss of movement in the lower part of the body, includ both leg complete or partial loss of movement in the lower part of the body, including both legs paraplegia paraplegia EPISEM:paraplegic_gait paraplegic_gait 250035005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 250035005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer parapleg gait paraplegic gait paraplegic_gait EPISEM:paresis paresis A general term refer to a mild to moder degre of muscular weakness, occasion use as a synonym for paralysi (sever or complet loss of motor function). a general term referring to a mild to moderate degree of muscular weakness, occasionally used as a synonym for paralysis (severe or complete loss of motor function). paresi paresis paresis EPISEM:paresthesias_of_arm paresthesias_of_arm paresthesia of arm paresthesias of arm paresthesias_of_arm EPISEM:paresthesias_of_leg paresthesias_of_leg c0948992 paresthesia of leg paresthesias of leg paresthesias_of_leg EPISEM:parkinsonian_gait parkinsonian_gait extra pyramid gait extra pyramidal gait parkinsonian gait parkinsonian_gait EPISEM:partial_hearing_loss partial_hearing_loss 343087000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 343087000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer partial hear loss partial hearing loss partial_hearing_loss EPISEM:partial_third_nerve_palsy partial_third_nerve_palsy 194118007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 194118007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer partial third nerv palsi partial third nerve palsy partial_third_nerve_palsy EPISEM:past_pointing past_pointing 49768006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 49768006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer past point past pointing past_pointing EPISEM:patellar_clonus patellar_clonus 54360005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 54360005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer patellar clonus patellar_clonus EPISEM:pendular_nystagmus pendular_nystagmus Rhythmic, involuntari sinusoid oscil of one or both eyes. The waveform of pendular nystagmus may occur in ani direction. pendular nystagmus rhythmic, involuntary sinusoidal oscillations of one or both eyes. the waveform of pendular nystagmus may occur in any direction. pendular_nystagmus EPISEM:percussion_myotonia percussion_myotonia A local myoton contract in a muscl in reaction to percuss (tap with the examin finger, a rubber percuss hammer, or a similar object). a localized myotonic contraction in a muscle in reaction to percussion (tapping with the examiner's finger, a rubber percussion hammer, or a similar object). percuss myotonia percussion myotonia percussion_myotonia EPISEM:peroneal_muscle_atrophy peroneal_muscle_atrophy ATROPHi atrophy peron muscl atrophi peroneal muscle atrophy peroneal_muscle_atrophy EPISEM:perseveration perseveration Persist repetit of a respons to differ and perhap inappropri stimuli which may be due to a refus or an inabl to interrupt one behavior or to chang from one task to another. persever perseveration persistent repetition of a response to different and perhaps inappropriate stimuli which may be due to a refusal or an inability to interrupt one's behavior or to change from one task to another. perseveration EPISEM:personality_change personality_change A disord character by a conspicu chang in a person behavior and thinking. a disorder characterized by a conspicuous change in a person's behavior and thinking. person chang personality change personality_change EPISEM:phonophobia phonophobia An abnorm heighten sensit to loud sound an abnormally heightened sensitivity to loud sounds phonophobia phonophobia EPISEM:photophobia photophobia Excessiv sensit to light with the sensat of discomfort or pain in the eye due to exposur to bright light. excessive sensitivity to light with the sensation of discomfort or pain in the eyes due to exposure to bright light. photophobia photophobia EPISEM:plantar_response plantar_response 163852006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 163852006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer plantar respons plantar response plantar_response EPISEM:pontine_one_and_one_half_syndrome pontine_one_and_one_half_syndrome 314783008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 314783008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer pontin one and one half syndrom pontine one and one half syndrome pontine_one_and_one_half_syndrome EPISEM:poor_balance poor_balance bad balance; impair balance; imbal bad balance; impaired balance; imbalance poor balanc poor balance poor_balance EPISEM:poor_coordination poor_coordination poor coordin poor coordination poor_coordination EPISEM:poor_erection poor_erection impot impotence poor erect poor erection poor_erection EPISEM:poor_eye_contact poor_eye_contact 412786000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 412786000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer poor eye contact poor_eye_contact EPISEM:poor_hygiene poor_hygiene Poor hygien can be a sign of self-neglect, which is the inabl or unwilling to attend to one person needs. Poor hygien often accompani certain mental or emot disorders, includ sever depress and psychot disorders. Dementia is anoth common caus of poor hygiene. poor hygien poor hygiene poor hygiene can be a sign of self-neglect, which is the inability or unwillingness to attend to one's personal needs. poor hygiene often accompanies certain mental or emotional disorders, including severe depression and psychotic disorders. dementia is another common cause of poor hygiene. poor_hygiene EPISEM:poor_long_term_memory poor_long_term_memory 247588002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247588002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer poor long term memori poor long term memory poor_long_term_memory EPISEM:poor_palatal_elevation poor_palatal_elevation c4227456 poor palat elev poor palatal elevation poor_palatal_elevation EPISEM:poor_short_term_memory poor_short_term_memory 247592009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247592009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer poor short term memori poor short term memory poor_short_term_memory EPISEM:poor_visual_attention poor_visual_attention poor visual attent poor visual attention poor_visual_attention EPISEM:port_wine_stain_nevus port_wine_stain_nevus port wine stain nevus skin port_wine_stain_nevus EPISEM:post_ictal_Todds_paralysis post_ictal_Todds_paralysis d0000164 post ictal todd paralysi post ictal todds paralysis post_ictal_Todds_paralysis EPISEM:post_ictal_aggressiveness post_ictal_aggressiveness d0000144 post ictal aggress post ictal aggressiveness post_ictal_aggressiveness EPISEM:post_ictal_amnesia post_ictal_amnesia d0000145 post ictal amnesia post_ictal_amnesia EPISEM:post_ictal_aphasia post_ictal_aphasia d0000147 post ictal aphasia post_ictal_aphasia EPISEM:post_ictal_confusion post_ictal_confusion d0000148 post ictal confus post ictal confusion post_ictal_confusion EPISEM:post_ictal_cough post_ictal_cough d0000149 post ictal cough post_ictal_cough EPISEM:post_ictal_disorientation post_ictal_disorientation d0000150 post ictal disorient post ictal disorientation post_ictal_disorientation EPISEM:post_ictal_drowsiness post_ictal_drowsiness d0000151 post ictal drowsi post ictal drowsiness post_ictal_drowsiness EPISEM:post_ictal_euphoria post_ictal_euphoria d0000152 post ictal euphoria post_ictal_euphoria EPISEM:post_ictal_finding post_ictal_finding d0000153 post ictal find post ictal finding post_ictal_finding EPISEM:post_ictal_frustration post_ictal_frustration d0000154 post ictal frustrat post ictal frustration post_ictal_frustration EPISEM:post_ictal_headache post_ictal_headache d0000155 post ictal headach post ictal headache post_ictal_headache EPISEM:post_ictal_hemiparesis post_ictal_hemiparesis d0000156 post ictal hemiparesi post ictal hemiparesis post_ictal_hemiparesis EPISEM:post_ictal_hunger post_ictal_hunger d0000157 post ictal hunger post_ictal_hunger EPISEM:post_ictal_lethargy post_ictal_lethargy d0000158 post ictal lethargi post ictal lethargy post_ictal_lethargy EPISEM:post_ictal_myalgias post_ictal_myalgias d0000159 post ictal myalgia post ictal myalgias post_ictal_myalgias EPISEM:post_ictal_nausea post_ictal_nausea d0000160 post ictal nausea post_ictal_nausea EPISEM:post_ictal_nose_wiping post_ictal_nose_wiping d0000161 post ictal nose wipe post ictal nose wiping post_ictal_nose_wiping EPISEM:post_ictal_psychosis post_ictal_psychosis d0000335 post ictal psychosi post ictal psychosis post_ictal_psychosis EPISEM:post_ictal_sleepiness post_ictal_sleepiness d0000162 post ictal sleepi post ictal sleepiness post_ictal_sleepiness EPISEM:post_ictal_speech_difficulty post_ictal_speech_difficulty d0000163 post ictal speech difficulti post ictal speech difficulty post_ictal_speech_difficulty EPISEM:post_ictal_visual_field_defect post_ictal_visual_field_defect d0000165 post ictal visual field defect post_ictal_visual_field_defect EPISEM:post_ictal_vomiting post_ictal_vomiting d0000166 post ictal vomit post ictal vomiting post_ictal_vomiting EPISEM:postural_hand_tremor postural_hand_tremor postur hand tremor postural hand tremor postural_hand_tremor EPISEM:primitive_reflex_finding primitive_reflex_finding 366121000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 366121000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer primit reflex find primitive reflex finding primitive_reflex_finding EPISEM:prodrome_dysphoria prodrome_dysphoria d0000167 prodrom dysphoria prodrome dysphoria prodrome_dysphoria EPISEM:prodrome_euphoria prodrome_euphoria d0000325 prodrom euphoria prodrome euphoria prodrome_euphoria EPISEM:prodrome_finding prodrome_finding d0000168 prodrom find prodrome finding prodrome_finding EPISEM:prodrome_headache prodrome_headache d0000169 prodrom headach prodrome headache prodrome_headache EPISEM:prodrome_irritability prodrome_irritability d0000170 prodrom irrit prodrome irritability prodrome_irritability EPISEM:prodrome_mood_change prodrome_mood_change d0000324 prodrom mood chang prodrome mood change prodrome_mood_change EPISEM:prodrome_personality_change prodrome_personality_change d0000171 prodrom person chang prodrome personality change prodrome_personality_change EPISEM:prodrome_sleep_alteration prodrome_sleep_alteration d0000323 prodrom sleep alter prodrome sleep alteration prodrome_sleep_alteration EPISEM:profound_deafness profound_deafness c1864817 profound deaf profound deafness profound_deafness EPISEM:progressive_developmental_delay progressive_developmental_delay c2673430 progress development delay progressive developmental delay progressive_developmental_delay EPISEM:pronator_drift pronator_drift 428334004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 428334004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer pronat drift pronator drift pronator_drift EPISEM:proptosis proptosis exophthalmo exophthalmos proptosi proptosis proptosis EPISEM:prosopagnosia prosopagnosia face agnosia; face blind face agnosia; face blindness prosopagnosia prosopagnosia EPISEM:provocation_acoustic_stimuli provocation_acoustic_stimuli d0000172 provoc acoust stimuli provocation acoustic stimuli provocation_acoustic_stimuli EPISEM:provocation_alcohol_use provocation_alcohol_use d0000173 provoc alcohol use provocation alcohol use provocation_alcohol_use EPISEM:provocation_awakening provocation_awakening d0000174 provoc awaken provocation awakening provocation_awakening EPISEM:provocation_fatigue provocation_fatigue d0000175 provoc fatigu provocation fatigue provocation_fatigue EPISEM:provocation_fever provocation_fever d0000176 provoc fever provocation fever provocation_fever EPISEM:provocation_hyperventilation provocation_hyperventilation d0000177 provoc hyperventil provocation hyperventilation provocation_hyperventilation EPISEM:provocation_hypoglycemia provocation_hypoglycemia d0000178 provoc hypoglycemia provocation hypoglycemia provocation_hypoglycemia EPISEM:provocation_hypoxemia provocation_hypoxemia d0000179 provoc hypoxemia provocation hypoxemia provocation_hypoxemia EPISEM:provocation_light_flickering provocation_light_flickering d0000180 provoc light flicker provocation light flickering provocation_light_flickering EPISEM:provocation_menses provocation_menses d0000181 provoc mens provocation menses provocation_menses EPISEM:provocation_missed_meal_or_hunger provocation_missed_meal_or_hunger d0000182 provoc miss meal or hunger provocation missed meal or hunger provocation_missed_meal_or_hunger EPISEM:provocation_music provocation_music d0000183 provoc music provocation music provocation_music EPISEM:provocation_photosensitive provocation_photosensitive d0000184 provoc photosensit provocation photosensitive provocation_photosensitive EPISEM:provocation_reading provocation_reading d0000185 provoc read provocation reading provocation_reading EPISEM:provocation_sleep provocation_sleep d0000186 provoc sleep provocation sleep provocation_sleep EPISEM:provocation_sleep_deprivation provocation_sleep_deprivation d0000187 provoc sleep depriv provocation sleep deprivation provocation_sleep_deprivation EPISEM:provocation_startle provocation_startle d0000188 provoc startl provocation startle provocation_startle EPISEM:provocation_stress provocation_stress d0000189 provoc stress provocation stress provocation_stress EPISEM:provocations provocations d0000190 provoc provocations provocations EPISEM:proximal_amyotrophy proximal_amyotrophy Amyotrophi (muscular atrophy) affect the proxim musculatur amyotrophy (muscular atrophy) affecting the proximal musculature proxim amyotrophi proximal amyotrophy proximal_amyotrophy EPISEM:proximal_muscle_weakness proximal_muscle_weakness A lack of strength of the proxim muscl a lack of strength of the proximal muscles proxim muscl weak proximal muscle weakness proximal_muscle_weakness EPISEM:pseudobulbar_palsy pseudobulbar_palsy Bilater impair of the function of the cranial nerv 9-12, which control musculatur involv in eating, swallowing, and speech. Pseudobulbar paralysi is character clinic by dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia with bifaci paralysis, and may be accompani by Pseudobulbar behavior symptom such as enforc cri and laughing. bilateral impairment of the function of the cranial nerves 9-12, which control musculature involved in eating, swallowing, and speech. pseudobulbar paralysis is characterized clinically by dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia with bifacial paralysis, and may be accompanied by pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms such as enforced crying and laughing. pseudobulbar palsi pseudobulbar palsy pseudobulbar_palsy EPISEM:pseudopapilledema pseudopapilledema 57138009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 57138009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer pseudopapilledema pseudopapilledema EPISEM:pseudoptosis pseudoptosis 58200004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 58200004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer pseudoptosi pseudoptosis pseudoptosis EPISEM:psychogenic_vomiting psychogenic_vomiting 37224001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 37224001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer psychogen vomit psychogenic vomiting psychogenic_vomiting EPISEM:psychomotor_retardation psychomotor_retardation psychomotor retard psychomotor retardation pyschomotor impairment; motor retrdat pyschomotor impairment; motor retrdation psychomotor_retardation EPISEM:ptosis ptosis 29696001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 29696001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer ptosi ptosis ptosis EPISEM:ptosis_of_left_eyelid ptosis_of_left_eyelid 335151000119107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 335151000119107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer ptosi of left eyelid ptosis of left eyelid ptosis_of_left_eyelid EPISEM:ptosis_of_right_eyelid ptosis_of_right_eyelid 340761000119100^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 340761000119100^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer ptosi of right eyelid ptosis of right eyelid ptosis_of_right_eyelid EPISEM:pupil_finding pupil_finding 247010007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247010007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer pupil find pupil finding pupil_finding EPISEM:pyramidal_type_weakness pyramidal_type_weakness 249946008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249946008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer pyramid type weak pyramidal type weakness pyramidal_type_weakness EPISEM:quadrantanopia quadrantanopia 82180009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 82180009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer quadrantanopia quadrantanopia EPISEM:quadrantic_scotoma quadrantic_scotoma 129626006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 129626006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer quadrant scotoma quadrantic scotoma quadrantic_scotoma EPISEM:quadriparesis quadriparesis Weak of all four limbs. quadriparesi quadriparesis weakness of all four limbs. quadriparesis EPISEM:quadriplegia quadriplegia quadriplegia tetraplegia quadriplegia EPISEM:radiating_back_pain radiating_back_pain radiat back pain radiating back pain radiating_back_pain EPISEM:radiating_lumbosacral_back_pain radiating_lumbosacral_back_pain radiat lumbosacr back pain radiating lumbosacral back pain radiating_lumbosacral_back_pain EPISEM:radiating_pain radiating_pain radiat pain radiating pain radiating_pain EPISEM:radiating_thoracic_back_pain radiating_thoracic_back_pain radiat thorac back pain radiating thoracic back pain radiating_thoracic_back_pain EPISEM:rebound_dysmetria rebound_dysmetria excess rebound excessive rebound rebound dysmetria rebound_dysmetria EPISEM:receptive_aphasia receptive_aphasia 229664007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 229664007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer recept aphasia receptive aphasia receptive_aphasia EPISEM:reduced_exercise_tolerance reduced_exercise_tolerance Reduc abil to withstand or particip in activ that induc physic or mental exertion. reduc exercis toler reduced ability to withstand or participate in activities that induce physical or mental exertion. reduced exercise tolerance reduced_exercise_tolerance EPISEM:reduced_vision_in_bright_light reduced_vision_in_bright_light reduc vision in bright light reduced vision in bright light reduced_vision_in_bright_light EPISEM:reduced_visual_acuity reduced_visual_acuity Diminish clariti of vision diminished clarity of vision reduc visual acuiti reduced visual acuity reduced_visual_acuity EPISEM:reflex_finding reflex_finding Examin of the reflex includ deep tendon reflex (muscl stretch reflexes), cranial nerv reflexes, primit reflexes, cutan reflexes, and the plantar response. examination of the reflexes includes deep tendon reflexes (muscle stretch reflexes), cranial nerve reflexes, primitive reflexes, cutaneous reflexes, and the plantar response. reflex find reflex finding reflex_finding EPISEM:respiratory_symptoms respiratory_symptoms respiratori symptom respiratory symptoms respiratory_symptoms EPISEM:resting_tremor resting_tremor pill roll tremor pill rolling tremor rest tremor resting tremor resting_tremor EPISEM:restless restless restless restlessness restless EPISEM:retinal_arteriolar_occlusion retinal_arteriolar_occlusion retin arteriolar occlus retinal arteriolar occlusion retinal_arteriolar_occlusion EPISEM:retinal_artery_occlusion retinal_artery_occlusion An occlus of the retin artery. an occlusion of the retinal artery. retin arteri occlus retinal artery occlusion retinal_artery_occlusion EPISEM:retinal_hemorrhage retinal_hemorrhage Hemorrhag occur within the retina. hemorrhage occurring within the retina. retin hemorrhag retinal hemorrhage retinal_hemorrhage EPISEM:retraction_nystagmus retraction_nystagmus 9074007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 9074007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer retract nystagmus retraction nystagmus retraction_nystagmus EPISEM:retrocollis retrocollis A form of torticolli in which the head is drawn back, either due to a perman contractur of neck extensor muscles, or to a spasmod contracture. a form of torticollis in which the head is drawn back, either due to a permanent contractures of neck extensor muscles, or to a spasmodic contracture. retrocolli retrocollis retrocollis EPISEM:retroorbital_eye_pain retroorbital_eye_pain retroorbit eye pain retroorbital eye pain retroorbital_eye_pain EPISEM:reverse_ocular_bobbing reverse_ocular_bobbing Revers ocular bob is an abnorm spontan eye movement in which the eye move rapid and conjug upward (fast phase), follow by a slow drift (slow phase) back to the primari posit (that is, the revers of ocular bobbing—fast conjug downward deviation, with a slow return up to the midline). This eye movement disord may be seen in patient with viral encephalitis, metabol encephalopathy, and in those with pontin lesions. revers ocular bob reverse ocular bobbing reverse ocular bobbing is an abnormal spontaneous eye movement in which the eyes move rapidly and conjugately upwards (fast phase), followed by a slow drift (slow phase) back to the primary position (that is, the reverse of ocular bobbing—fast conjugate downwards deviation, with a slow return up to the midline). this eye movement disorder may be seen in patients with viral encephalitis, metabolic encephalopathy, and in those with pontine lesions. reverse_ocular_bobbing EPISEM:right-left_confusion right-left_confusion left-right confusion; left-right disorient left-right confusion; left-right disorientation right-left confus right-left confusion right-left_confusion EPISEM:right_equivocal_plantar_response right_equivocal_plantar_response 299895008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299895008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer right equivoc plantar respons right equivocal plantar response right_equivocal_plantar_response EPISEM:right_facial_droop right_facial_droop right facial droop right_facial_droop EPISEM:right_hemiplegia right_hemiplegia 278284007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 278284007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer right hemiplegia right_hemiplegia EPISEM:right_homonymous_hemianopia right_homonymous_hemianopia 5591009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 5591009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer right homonym hemianopia right homonymous hemianopia right_homonymous_hemianopia EPISEM:right_proptosis right_proptosis right exophthalmo right exophthalmos right proptosi right proptosis right_proptosis EPISEM:right_sided_headache right_sided_headache right side headach right sided headache right_sided_headache EPISEM:risk_OSA risk_OSA d0000201 risk o s a risk_OSA EPISEM:risk_asphyxia_anoxia risk_asphyxia_anoxia d0000191 risk asphyxia anoxia risk_asphyxia_anoxia EPISEM:risk_concussion risk_concussion d0000192 risk concuss risk concussion risk_concussion EPISEM:risk_dementia risk_dementia d0000193 risk dementia risk_dementia EPISEM:risk_encephalitis risk_encephalitis d0000194 risk enceph risk encephalitis risk_encephalitis EPISEM:risk_factor risk_factor d0000195 risk factor risk_factor EPISEM:risk_family_history_psychiatric_disease risk_family_history_psychiatric_disease d0000337 risk famili histori psychiatr diseas risk family history psychiatric disease risk_family_history_psychiatric_disease EPISEM:risk_family_history_seizures risk_family_history_seizures d0000196 risk famili histori seizur risk family history seizures risk_family_history_seizures EPISEM:risk_febrile_seizures risk_febrile_seizures d0000197 risk febril seizur risk febrile seizures risk_febrile_seizures EPISEM:risk_head_injury risk_head_injury d0000198 risk head injuri risk head injury risk_head_injury EPISEM:risk_hepatic_failure risk_hepatic_failure d0000199 risk hepat failur risk hepatic failure risk_hepatic_failure EPISEM:risk_medication_noncompliance risk_medication_noncompliance d0000200 risk medic noncompli risk medication noncompliance risk_medication_noncompliance EPISEM:risk_perinatal_brain_insult risk_perinatal_brain_insult d0000202 risk perinat brain insult risk perinatal brain insult risk_perinatal_brain_insult EPISEM:risk_prior_stroke risk_prior_stroke d0000203 risk prior stroke risk_prior_stroke EPISEM:risk_psychiatric_disease risk_psychiatric_disease d0000336 risk psychiatr diseas risk psychiatric disease risk_psychiatric_disease EPISEM:risk_renal_failure risk_renal_failure d0000204 risk renal failur risk renal failure risk_renal_failure EPISEM:rooting_reflex_present rooting_reflex_present A root (searching) reflex is when the lip and mouth deviat toward a tactil stimulus deliv to the cheek or near the mouth. a rooting (searching) reflex is when the lips and mouth deviate toward a tactile stimulus delivered to the cheek or near the mouth. root reflex present rooting reflex present rooting_reflex_present EPISEM:rotatory_nystagmus rotatory_nystagmus A form of nystagmus in which the eyebal make rotari motion around the axis. a form of nystagmus in which the eyeball makes rotary motions around the axis. rotatori nystagmus rotatory nystagmus rotatory_nystagmus EPISEM:saccadic_eye_movement_deficiency saccadic_eye_movement_deficiency ocular dysmetria saccad eye movement defici saccadic eye movement deficiency saccadic_eye_movement_deficiency EPISEM:saccadic_intrusions saccadic_intrusions saccad intrus saccadic intrusions saccadic_intrusions EPISEM:sacral_root_injury sacral_root_injury SENSORi sacral root injuri sacral root injury sensory sacral_root_injury EPISEM:saddle_area_numbness saddle_area_numbness c3266098 saddl area numb saddle area numbness saddle_area_numbness EPISEM:scanning_dysarthria scanning_dysarthria c0240952 scan dysarthria scanning dysarthria scanning_dysarthria EPISEM:scanning_speech scanning_speech Scan speech is a type of atax dysarthria in which spoken word are broken up into separ syllables, often separ by a notic pause, and spoken with vari force. scan speech scanning speech scanning speech is a type of ataxic dysarthria in which spoken words are broken up into separate syllables, often separated by a noticeable pause, and spoken with varying force. scanning_speech EPISEM:scintillations scintillations scintil scintillations scintillations EPISEM:scotoma_of_blind_spot_area_right_eye scotoma_of_blind_spot_area_right_eye scotoma of blind spot area right eye scotoma_of_blind_spot_area_right_eye EPISEM:scotoma_of_blind_spot_left_eye scotoma_of_blind_spot_left_eye scotoma of blind spot left eye scotoma_of_blind_spot_left_eye EPISEM:see_saw_nystagmus see_saw_nystagmus Seesaw nystagmus is a type of pendular nystagmus where a half cycl consist of the elev and intors of one eye, concurr with the depress and extort of the fellow eye. In the other half cycle, there is an invers of the ocular movements. see saw nystagmus seesaw nystagmus is a type of pendular nystagmus where a half cycle consists of the elevation and intorsion of one eye, concurrently with the depression and extortion of the fellow eye. in the other half cycle, there is an inversion of the ocular movements. see_saw_nystagmus EPISEM:selective_mutism selective_mutism elect mutism elective mutism select mutism selective mutism selective_mutism EPISEM:semantic_aphasia semantic_aphasia 331652006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 331652006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer semant aphasia semantic aphasia semantic_aphasia EPISEM:senile_tremor senile_tremor 112109002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 112109002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer senil tremor senile tremor senile_tremor EPISEM:sensation_absent sensation_absent SENSORi sensat absent sensation absent sensory sensation_absent EPISEM:sensory_ataxia sensory_ataxia Propriocept deficit may produc truncal or appendicular ataxia that resembl cerebellar ataxia. The Romberg test may disclos that the truncal ataxia is due to propriocept as oppos to cerebellar dysfunct if the patient begin to sway with feet togeth when the eye are closed. proprioceptive deficits may produce truncal or appendicular ataxia that resembles cerebellar ataxia. the romberg test may disclose that the truncal ataxia is due to proprioceptive as opposed to cerebellar dysfunction if the patient begins to sway with feet together when the eyes are closed. sensori ataxia sensory ataxia sensory_ataxia EPISEM:sensory_finding sensory_finding 106147001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 106147001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer sensori find sensory finding sensory_finding EPISEM:sensory_level sensory_level SENSORi sensori level sensory sensory level sensory_level EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur sensory sensory level to pain and temperature sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_C5 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_C5 SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur below c5 sensory sensory level to pain and temperature below c5 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_C5 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_C7 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_C7 SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur below c7 sensory sensory level to pain and temperature below c7 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_C7 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T10 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T10 SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur below t10 sensory sensory level to pain and temperature below t10 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T10 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T12 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T12 SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur below t12 sensory sensory level to pain and temperature below t12 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T12 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T2 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T2 SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur below t2 sensory sensory level to pain and temperature below t2 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T2 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T4 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T4 SENSORi sensori level to pain and temperatur below t4 sensory sensory level to pain and temperature below t4 sensory_level_to_pain_and_temperature_below_T4 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch sensory_level_to_touch SENSORi sensori level to touch sensory sensory level to touch sensory_level_to_touch EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch_at_C5 sensory_level_to_touch_at_C5 SENSORi sensori level to touch at c5 sensory sensory level to touch at c5 sensory_level_to_touch_at_C5 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch_at_C7 sensory_level_to_touch_at_C7 SENSORi sensori level to touch at c7 sensory sensory level to touch at c7 sensory_level_to_touch_at_C7 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch_at_T10 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T10 SENSORi sensori level to touch at t10 sensory sensory level to touch at t10 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T10 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch_at_T12 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T12 SENSORi sensori level to touch at t12 sensory sensory level to touch at t12 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T12 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch_at_T2 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T2 sensori level to touch at t2 sensory level to touch at t2 tactil sensat decreas sensori level at clavicl T2 dermatom tactile sensation decreased sensory level at clavicles t2 dermatome sensory_level_to_touch_at_T2 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_touch_at_T4 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T4 SENSORi sensori level to touch at t4 sensory sensory level to touch at t4 sensory_level_to_touch_at_T4 EPISEM:sensory_level_to_vibration sensory_level_to_vibration SENSORi sensori level to vibrat sensory sensory level to vibration sensory_level_to_vibration EPISEM:sensory_level_to_vibration_at_clavicles sensory_level_to_vibration_at_clavicles SENSORi sensori level to vibrat at clavicl sensory sensory level to vibration at clavicles sensory_level_to_vibration_at_clavicles EPISEM:sensory_level_to_vibration_at_iliac_spine sensory_level_to_vibration_at_iliac_spine c2189601 sensori level to vibrat at iliac spine sensory level to vibration at iliac spine sensory_level_to_vibration_at_iliac_spine EPISEM:sensory_level_to_vibration_at_xiphisternum sensory_level_to_vibration_at_xiphisternum c2189604 sensori level to vibrat at xiphisternum sensory level to vibration at xiphisternum sensory_level_to_vibration_at_xiphisternum EPISEM:sensory_loss_in_nerve_distribution sensory_loss_in_nerve_distribution SENSORi sensori loss in nerv distribut sensory sensory loss in nerve distribution sensory_loss_in_nerve_distribution EPISEM:sensory_loss_in_root_distribution sensory_loss_in_root_distribution SENSORi sensori loss in root distribut sensory sensory loss in root distribution sensory_loss_in_root_distribution EPISEM:severe_headache severe_headache sever headach severe headache severe_headache EPISEM:severe_headache_with_sudden_onset severe_headache_with_sudden_onset sever headach with sudden onset severe headache with sudden onset severe_headache_with_sudden_onset EPISEM:shagreen_patch shagreen_patch shagreen patch skin shagreen_patch EPISEM:sharp_headache sharp_headache sharp headach sharp headache sharp_headache EPISEM:short_stature short_stature c0349588 short statur short stature short_stature EPISEM:shortness_of_breath shortness_of_breath short of breath shortness of breath shortness_of_breath EPISEM:shoulder_numbness shoulder_numbness shoulder numb shoulder numbness shoulder_numbness EPISEM:shoulder_pain shoulder_pain shoulder pain shoulder_pain EPISEM:shuffling_gait shuffling_gait 43005009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 43005009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer shuffl gait shuffling gait shuffling_gait EPISEM:simultanagnosia simultanagnosia 285755009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 285755009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer simultanagnosia simultanagnosia EPISEM:sixth_nerve_palsy sixth_nerve_palsy 398760006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 398760006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer sixth nerv palsi sixth nerve palsy sixth_nerve_palsy EPISEM:sixth_nerve_palsy_left_eye sixth_nerve_palsy_left_eye sixth nerv palsi left eye sixth nerve palsy left eye sixth_nerve_palsy_left_eye EPISEM:sixth_nerve_palsy_right_eye sixth_nerve_palsy_right_eye sixth nerv palsi right eye sixth nerve palsy right eye sixth_nerve_palsy_right_eye EPISEM:skeletal_muscle_atrophy skeletal_muscle_atrophy A process, occur in skelet muscle, that is character by a decreas in protein content, fiber diameter, forc product and fatigu resist in respons to differ condit such as starvation, age and disuse. a process, occurring in skeletal muscle, that is characterized by a decrease in protein content, fiber diameter, force production and fatigue resistance in response to different conditions such as starvation, aging and disuse. skelet muscl atrophi skeletal muscle atrophy skeletal_muscle_atrophy EPISEM:skew_deviation skew_deviation 40631009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 40631009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer skew deviat skew deviation skew_deviation EPISEM:skin_symptoms skin_symptoms skin symptom skin symptoms skin_symptoms EPISEM:sleep_related_hallucinations sleep_related_hallucinations sleep relat hallucin sleep related hallucinations sleep_related_hallucinations EPISEM:sleep_symptoms sleep_symptoms sleep symptom sleep symptoms sleep_symptoms EPISEM:slow_gait slow_gait gait slow gait slow_gait EPISEM:slow_saccades slow_saccades slow saccad slow saccades slow_saccades EPISEM:slow_speech slow_speech slow speech slow_speech EPISEM:slurred_speech slurred_speech slur speech slurred speech slurred_speech EPISEM:small_optic_disc small_optic_disc 423389004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 423389004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer small optic disc small_optic_disc EPISEM:small_pupil small_pupil 301939004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 301939004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer small pupil small_pupil EPISEM:smooth_pursuit_deficiency smooth_pursuit_deficiency 194176002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 194176002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer smooth pursuit defici smooth pursuit deficiency smooth_pursuit_deficiency EPISEM:snout_reflex_present snout_reflex_present The snout reflex is pucker and protrus of the lip upon press firm on the philtrum of the upper lip or tap on the on the lips. It is a primit releas reflex general indic of frontal lobe injury. snout reflex present the snout reflex is puckering and protrusion of the lips upon pressing firmly on the philtrum of the upper lip or tapping on the on the lips. it is a primitive release reflex generally indicative of frontal lobe injury. snout_reflex_present EPISEM:somnulence somnulence Excessiv sleepi and drowsi excessive sleepiness and drowsiness somnul somnulence somnulence EPISEM:spastic_diplegia spastic_diplegia Littl diseas littles disease spastic diplegia spastic_diplegia EPISEM:spastic_dysarthria spastic_dysarthria A type of dysarthria relat to bilater damag of the upper motor neuron tract of the pyramid and extra- pyramid tracts. Speech of affect individu is slow, effortful, and has a harsh vocal quality. a type of dysarthria related to bilateral damage of the upper motor neuron tracts of the pyramidal and extra- pyramidal tracts. speech of affected individuals is slow, effortful, and has a harsh vocal quality. spastic dysarthria spastic_dysarthria EPISEM:spastic_gait spastic_gait 9447003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 9447003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer spastic gait spastic_gait EPISEM:spasticity spasticity A motor disord character by a velocity-depend increas in tonic stretch reflex with increas muscl tone, exagger (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. a motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes. spastic spasticity spasticity EPISEM:speech_finding speech_finding 106132005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 106132005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer speech find speech finding speech_finding EPISEM:speech_impairment speech_impairment speech impair speech impairment speech_impairment EPISEM:spinal_injury spinal_injury spinal injuri spinal injury spinal_injury EPISEM:spine_pain spine_pain spine pain spine_pain EPISEM:staggering_gait staggering_gait 78691002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 78691002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer stagger gait staggering gait staggering_gait EPISEM:startle_myoclonus startle_myoclonus startl myoclonus startle myoclonus startle_myoclonus EPISEM:static_encephalopathy static_encephalopathy 47311000119103^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 47311000119103^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer static encephalopathi static encephalopathy static_encephalopathy EPISEM:stereognosis_impaired stereognosis_impaired 163754003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 163754003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer stereognosi impair stereognosis impaired stereognosis_impaired EPISEM:stiff_gait stiff_gait gait stiff gait stiff_gait EPISEM:stiff_legged_gait stiff_legged_gait 310021000009109^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 310021000009109^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer stiff leg gait stiff legged gait stiff_legged_gait EPISEM:stocking_sensory_loss stocking_sensory_loss 66085007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 66085007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer stock sensori loss stocking sensory loss stocking_sensory_loss EPISEM:stooped_posture stooped_posture A habitu posit of the bodi with the head and upper back bent forward a habitual positioning of the body with the head and upper back bent forward stoop postur stooped posture stooped_posture EPISEM:strabismus strabismus squint; heterotropia strabismus strabismus EPISEM:straight_leg_raising_reduced straight_leg_raising_reduced posit straight leg rais test; Lasequ sign positive straight leg raising test; laseque sign straight leg rais reduc straight leg raising reduced straight_leg_raising_reduced EPISEM:straight_leg_raising_test_positive straight_leg_raising_test_positive SENSORi sensory straight leg rais test posit straight leg raising test positive straight_leg_raising_test_positive EPISEM:stupor_obtunded stupor_obtunded obtundation; stuporous; obtund obtundation; stuporous; obtunded stupor obtund stupor obtunded stupor_obtunded EPISEM:stuttering stuttering dysfluenc dysfluency stutter stuttering stuttering EPISEM:subcortical_aphasia subcortical_aphasia 5934007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 5934007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer subcort aphasia subcortical aphasia subcortical_aphasia EPISEM:subungual_fibroma subungual_fibroma skin subungu fibroma subungual fibroma subungual_fibroma EPISEM:sucking_reflex_present sucking_reflex_present The suck reflex is elicit by light touch the lip caus suck movement of the lip and tongue. It is normal in infant but abnorm in adults. suck reflex present sucking reflex present the sucking reflex is elicited by lightly touching the lips causing sucking movements of the lips and tongue. it is normal in infants but abnormal in adults. sucking_reflex_present EPISEM:suicidal suicidal 267073005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 267073005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer suicid suicidal suicidal EPISEM:supraorbital_pain supraorbital_pain supraorbit pain supraorbital pain supraorbital_pain EPISEM:swallowing_reflex_absent swallowing_reflex_absent 299760001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299760001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer swallow reflex absent swallowing reflex absent swallowing_reflex_absent EPISEM:tactile_agnosia tactile_agnosia astereognosi astereognosis tactil agnosia tactile agnosia tactile_agnosia EPISEM:tactile_extinction tactile_extinction tactil extinct tactile extinction tactile_extinction EPISEM:tactile_inattention tactile_inattention extinct extinction tactil inattent tactile inattention tactile_inattention EPISEM:tandem_gait_test_abnormal tandem_gait_test_abnormal Reduc abil to walk in a straight line while place the feet heal to toe reduced ability to walk in a straight line while placing the feet heal to toe tandem gait test abnorm tandem gait test abnormal tandem_gait_test_abnormal EPISEM:tangential_thinking tangential_thinking 74396008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 74396008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer tangenti think tangential thinking tangential_thinking EPISEM:tardive_dyskinesia tardive_dyskinesia tardiv dyskinesia tardiv dystonia tardive dyskinesia tardive dystonia tardive_dyskinesia EPISEM:tearing tearing tear tearing tearing EPISEM:tendency_to_fall tendency_to_fall c2830327 tendenc to fall tendency to fall tendency_to_fall EPISEM:thenar_eminence_atrophy thenar_eminence_atrophy c0241360 thenar emin atrophi thenar eminence atrophy thenar_eminence_atrophy EPISEM:thermal_hypesthesia thermal_hypesthesia 1140008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 1140008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer thermal hypesthesia thermal_hypesthesia EPISEM:third_nerve_palsy third_nerve_palsy third nerv palsi third nerve palsy third_nerve_palsy EPISEM:third_nerve_palsy_left_eye third_nerve_palsy_left_eye third nerv palsi left eye third nerve palsy left eye third_nerve_palsy_left_eye EPISEM:third_nerve_palsy_right_eye third_nerve_palsy_right_eye third nerv palsi right eye third nerve palsy right eye third_nerve_palsy_right_eye EPISEM:thoracic_back_pain thoracic_back_pain thorac back pain thoracic back pain thoracic_back_pain EPISEM:thoracic_root_injury thoracic_root_injury SENSORi sensory thorac root injuri thoracic root injury thoracic_root_injury EPISEM:thought_process_finding thought_process_finding 365252004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 365252004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer thought process find thought process finding thought_process_finding EPISEM:threatening_behavior threatening_behavior 284614009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 284614009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer threaten behavior threatening behavior threatening_behavior EPISEM:throbbing_headache throbbing_headache throb headach throbbing headache throbbing_headache EPISEM:tic tic Disord character by recurr TICS that may interfer with speech and other activities. Tic are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyp motor movement or vocal which may be exacerb by stress and are general attenu dure absorb activities. Tic disord are distinguish from condit which featur other type of abnorm movement that may accompani anoth anoth condition. disorders characterized by recurrent tics that may interfere with speech and other activities. tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. tic EPISEM:tingling_in_fingers tingling_in_fingers tingl in finger tingling in fingers tingling_in_fingers EPISEM:tingling_of_feet tingling_of_feet c2116331 tingl of feet tingling of feet tingling_of_feet EPISEM:tingling_of_skin tingling_of_skin c0235050 tingl of skin tingling of skin tingling_of_skin EPISEM:tinnitus tinnitus symptom of hear disord character by the sensat of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, roar or other nois in the ear. symptom of hearing disorder characterized by the sensation of buzzing, ringing, clicking, pulsations, roaring or other noises in the ear. tinnitus tinnitus EPISEM:tinnitus_left_ear tinnitus_left_ear 4841000119106^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 4841000119106^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer tinnitus left ear tinnitus_left_ear EPISEM:tinnitus_right_ear tinnitus_right_ear tinnitus right ear tinnitus_right_ear EPISEM:titubation titubation Nod movement of the head or body. nodding movement of the head or body. titub titubation titubation EPISEM:tongue_atrophy tongue_atrophy 50805004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 50805004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer tongu atrophi tongue atrophy tongue_atrophy EPISEM:tongue_is_weak tongue_is_weak tongu is weak tongue is weak tongue_is_weak EPISEM:tongue_weakness tongue_weakness tongu weak tongue weakness tongue_weakness EPISEM:tonic_pupil tonic_pupil adie pupil tonic pupil tonic_pupil EPISEM:topographical_agnosia topographical_agnosia 83824009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 83824009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer topograph agnosia topographical agnosia topographical_agnosia EPISEM:torticollis torticollis torticolli torticollis wri neck wry neck torticollis EPISEM:total_third_nerve_palsy total_third_nerve_palsy Diseas of the oculomotor nerv or nucleus that result in weak or paralysi of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levat palpebra muscles, or impair parasympathet innerv to the pupil. With a complet oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abduct and inferior position, and the pupil will be mark dilated. Common associ condit includ neoplasms, CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA, ischemia (especi in associ with DIABETES MELLITUS), and aneurysm compression. diseases of the oculomotor nerve or nucleus that result in weakness or paralysis of the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, or levator palpebrae muscles, or impaired parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. with a complete oculomotor palsy, the eyelid will be paralyzed, the eye will be in an abducted and inferior position, and the pupil will be markedly dilated. commonly associated conditions include neoplasms, craniocerebral trauma, ischemia (especially in association with diabetes mellitus), and aneurysmal compression. total third nerv palsi total third nerve palsy total_third_nerve_palsy EPISEM:transcortical_aphasia transcortical_aphasia 130990006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 130990006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer transcort aphasia transcortical aphasia transcortical_aphasia EPISEM:transcortical_motor_aphasia transcortical_motor_aphasia 229655002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 229655002^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer transcort motor aphasia transcortical motor aphasia transcortical_motor_aphasia EPISEM:transcortical_sensory_aphasia transcortical_sensory_aphasia 229658000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 229658000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer transcort sensori aphasia transcortical sensory aphasia transcortical_sensory_aphasia EPISEM:transient_amnesia transient_amnesia A temporari and revers loss of memory. a temporary and reversible loss of memory. transient amnesia transient_amnesia EPISEM:transient_aphasia transient_aphasia transient aphasia transient_aphasia EPISEM:transient_disturbance_of_consciousness transient_disturbance_of_consciousness transient disturb of conscious transient disturbance of consciousness transient_disturbance_of_consciousness EPISEM:transient_loss_of_consciousness transient_loss_of_consciousness transient loss of conscious transient loss of consciousness transient_loss_of_consciousness EPISEM:transient_visual_loss transient_visual_loss transient visual loss transient_visual_loss EPISEM:transient_weakness transient_weakness transient weak transient weakness transient_weakness EPISEM:trauma trauma trauma trauma EPISEM:tremor_in_hands tremor_in_hands tremor in hand tremor in hands tremor_in_hands EPISEM:truncal_ataxia truncal_ataxia Truncal ataxia is manifest by sway while stand or walking. Its origin may reflect dysfunct of cerebellar or propriocept systems. truncal ataxia truncal ataxia is manifested by swaying while standing or walking. its origins may reflect dysfunction of cerebellar or proprioceptive systems. truncal_ataxia EPISEM:truncal_dystonia truncal_dystonia motor truncal dystonia truncal_dystonia EPISEM:trunk_paresthesia trunk_paresthesia c0241498 trunk paresthesia trunk_paresthesia EPISEM:unable_to_protrude_tongue unable_to_protrude_tongue unabl to protrud tongu unable to protrude tongue unable_to_protrude_tongue EPISEM:unable_to_read unable_to_read 309252004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 309252004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer unabl to read unable to read unable_to_read EPISEM:unable_to_talk unable_to_talk mute; no speech unabl to talk unable to talk unable_to_talk EPISEM:uncooperative uncooperative not will to do what someon want or ask for; not cooper not willing to do what someone wants or asks for; not cooperative uncoop uncooperative uncooperative EPISEM:unilateral_neglect unilateral_neglect hemineglect unilater neglect unilateral neglect unilateral_neglect EPISEM:unkempt unkempt defici in order or neat deficient in order or neatness unkempt unkempt EPISEM:unresponsive_to_painful_stimuli unresponsive_to_painful_stimuli unrespons to pain stimuli unresponsive to painful stimuli unresponsive_to_painful_stimuli EPISEM:unresponsive_to_stimuli unresponsive_to_stimuli unrespons to stimuli unresponsive to stimuli unresponsive_to_stimuli EPISEM:unresponsive_to_verbal_stimuli unresponsive_to_verbal_stimuli unrespons to verbal stimuli unresponsive to verbal stimuli unresponsive_to_verbal_stimuli EPISEM:unsteady_gait unsteady_gait A shaki or wobbl manner of walking. a shaky or wobbly manner of walking. unsteadi gait unsteady gait unsteady_gait EPISEM:unsteady_waddling_gait unsteady_waddling_gait c4227868 unsteadi waddl gait unsteady waddling gait unsteady_waddling_gait EPISEM:unsteady_when_standing unsteady_when_standing Unsteadi when stand is character by sway or fall of the patient when stand upright. unsteadi when stand unsteady when standing unsteady when standing is characterized by swaying or falling of the patient when standing upright. unsteady_when_standing EPISEM:unsteady_wide_based_gait unsteady_wide_based_gait c4229671 unsteadi wide base gait unsteady wide based gait unsteady_wide_based_gait EPISEM:upper_facial_weakness upper_facial_weakness 298281008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 298281008^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer upper facial weak upper facial weakness upper_facial_weakness EPISEM:upper_limb_dysmetria upper_limb_dysmetria coor upper limb dysmetria upper_limb_dysmetria EPISEM:upper_limb_dystonia upper_limb_dystonia c1843267 upper limb dystonia upper_limb_dystonia EPISEM:upper_limb_hyperreflexia upper_limb_hyperreflexia reflex upper limb hyperreflexia upper_limb_hyperreflexia EPISEM:upper_limb_nerve_lesion upper_limb_nerve_lesion c0574717 upper limb nerv lesion upper limb nerve lesion upper_limb_nerve_lesion EPISEM:upper_limb_numbness upper_limb_numbness upper limb numb upper limb numbness upper_limb_numbness EPISEM:upper_limb_spasticity upper_limb_spasticity 394680009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 394680009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer upper limb spastic upper limb spasticity upper_limb_spasticity EPISEM:urinary_frequency urinary_frequency Urinat at short intervals; it may result from increas urin formation, decreas bladder capacity, or lower urinari tract irritation. urinari frequenc urinary frequency urination at short intervals; it may result from increased urine formation, decreased bladder capacity, or lower urinary tract irritation. urinary_frequency EPISEM:urinary_incontinence urinary_incontinence Loss of the abil to control the urinari bladder lead to involuntari urination. loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination. urinari incontin urinary incontinence urinary_incontinence EPISEM:urinary_retention urinary_retention Inabil to complet empti the urinari bladder dure the process of urin inability to completely empty the urinary bladder during the process of urination urinari retent urinary retention urinary_retention EPISEM:urinary_symptoms urinary_symptoms urinari symptom urinary symptoms urinary_symptoms EPISEM:vagal_hoarseness vagal_hoarseness Hoars refer to a chang in the pitch or qualiti of the voice, with the voic sound weak, veri breathy, scratchy, or husky. hoarseness refers to a change in the pitch or quality of the voice, with the voice sounding weak, very breathy, scratchy, or husky. vagal hoars vagal hoarseness vagal_hoarseness EPISEM:verbal_paraphasia verbal_paraphasia 4381006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 4381006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer verbal paraphasia verbal_paraphasia EPISEM:vertical_diplopia vertical_diplopia c0751079 vertic diplopia vertical diplopia vertical_diplopia EPISEM:vertical_gaze_palsy vertical_gaze_palsy poor upgaze; upgaz palsy; upgaz weak poor upgaze; upgaze palsy; upgaze weakness vertic gaze palsi vertical gaze palsy vertical_gaze_palsy EPISEM:vertical_nystagmus vertical_nystagmus Vertic nystagmus may present with either up-beat or down-beat eye movement or both. When present in the straight-ahead posit of gaze it is refer to as upbeat nystagmus or downbeat nystagmus. vertic nystagmus vertical nystagmus vertical nystagmus may present with either up-beating or down-beating eye movements or both. when present in the straight-ahead position of gaze it is referred to as upbeat nystagmus or downbeat nystagmus. vertical_nystagmus EPISEM:vesciular_rash vesciular_rash 53788007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 53788007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer vesciular rash vesciular_rash EPISEM:vestibulo-ocular_reflex_abnormal vestibulo-ocular_reflex_abnormal Doll head reflex absent; Doll head reflex abnorm dolls head reflex absent; dolls head reflex abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex abnorm vestibulo-ocular reflex abnormal vestibulo-ocular_reflex_abnormal EPISEM:vibration_sense_absent vibration_sense_absent 274816000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 274816000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer vibrat sens absent vibration sense absent vibration_sense_absent EPISEM:visual_field_defect visual_field_defect An absolut or relat reduct in the extent of the normal field of vision an absolute or relative reduction in the extent of the normal field of vision visual field defect visual_field_defect EPISEM:visual_gaze_preference visual_gaze_preference gaze prefer gaze preference visual gaze prefer visual gaze preference visual_gaze_preference EPISEM:visual_impairment visual_impairment 397540003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 397540003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer visual impair visual impairment visual_impairment EPISEM:visual_inattention visual_inattention visual inattent visual inattention visual_inattention EPISEM:visual_neglect visual_neglect 246670009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 246670009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer visual neglect visual_neglect EPISEM:visual_obscuration visual_obscuration 404666000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 404666000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer visual obscur visual obscuration visual_obscuration EPISEM:visual_spatial_memory_deficit visual_spatial_memory_deficit c4228414 visual spatial memori deficit visual spatial memory deficit visual_spatial_memory_deficit EPISEM:visual_symptoms visual_symptoms visual symptom visual symptoms visual_symptoms EPISEM:vocal_cord_palsy vocal_cord_palsy A loss of the abil to move the vocal folds. a loss of the ability to move the vocal folds. vocal cord palsi vocal cord palsy vocal_cord_palsy EPISEM:vocal_tic vocal_tic motor vocal tic vocal_tic EPISEM:voice_change voice_change voic chang voice change voice_change EPISEM:voice_tremor voice_tremor 55938009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 55938009^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer voic tremor voice tremor voice_tremor EPISEM:waddling_gait waddling_gait Weak of the hip girdl and upper thigh muscles, for instanc in myopathies, lead to an instabl of the pelvi on stand and walking. If the muscl extend the hip joint are affected, the postur in that joint becom flex and lumbar lordosi increases. The patient usual have difficulti stand up from a sit position. Due to weak in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swing leg drop with each step (refer to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appear waddling. waddl gait waddling gait weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. if the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. the patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as trendelenburg sign). the gait appears waddling. waddling_gait EPISEM:wasting_of_tongue wasting_of_tongue 249382006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249382006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer wast of tongu wasting of tongue wasting_of_tongue EPISEM:weak_cough weak_cough 248590003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 248590003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak cough weak_cough EPISEM:weak_eye_closure weak_eye_closure 249935005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249935005^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak eye closur weak eye closure weak_eye_closure EPISEM:weak_vocie weak_vocie weak voci weak vocie weak_vocie EPISEM:weakness_finger_flexors weakness_finger_flexors Reduc abil to flex (bend) the fingers. This can manifest as incomplet closur of the hand due to weak in finger flexion. reduced ability to flex (bend) the fingers. this can manifest as incomplete closure of the hand due to weakness in finger flexion. weak finger flexor weakness finger flexors weakness_finger_flexors EPISEM:weakness_left_face weakness_left_face weak left face weakness left face weakness_left_face EPISEM:weakness_of_anal_sphincter weakness_of_anal_sphincter poor anal tone weak of anal sphincter weakness of anal sphincter weakness_of_anal_sphincter EPISEM:weakness_of_ankle weakness_of_ankle Reduc strength of the muscl that lift or otherwis move the foot at the ankle. reduced strength of the muscles that lift or otherwise move the foot at the ankle. weak of ankl weakness of ankle weakness_of_ankle EPISEM:weakness_of_arm weakness_of_arm monoparesi of arm monoparesis of arm weak of arm weakness of arm weakness_of_arm EPISEM:weakness_of_biceps weakness_of_biceps c0741478 weak of bicep weakness of biceps weakness_of_biceps EPISEM:weakness_of_deltoid weakness_of_deltoid c2230475 weak of deltoid weakness of deltoid weakness_of_deltoid EPISEM:weakness_of_fingers weakness_of_fingers c0744034 weak of finger weakness of fingers weakness_of_fingers EPISEM:weakness_of_foot weakness_of_foot 299471001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299471001^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of foot weakness of foot weakness_of_foot EPISEM:weakness_of_forearm weakness_of_forearm c2202998 weak of forearm weakness of forearm weakness_of_forearm EPISEM:weakness_of_forearm_on_supination weakness_of_forearm_on_supination c2237227 weak of forearm on supin weakness of forearm on supination weakness_of_forearm_on_supination EPISEM:weakness_of_hand weakness_of_hand 299042006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299042006^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of hand weakness of hand weakness_of_hand EPISEM:weakness_of_left_arm weakness_of_left_arm 15633401000119107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 15633401000119107^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of left arm weakness of left arm weakness_of_left_arm EPISEM:weakness_of_left_hand weakness_of_left_hand 15639641000119109^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 15639641000119109^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of left hand weakness of left hand weakness_of_left_hand EPISEM:weakness_of_left_leg weakness_of_left_leg 15633481000119104^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 15633481000119104^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of left leg weakness of left leg weakness_of_left_leg EPISEM:weakness_of_leg weakness_of_leg monoparesi of leg monoparesis of leg weak of leg weakness of leg weakness_of_leg EPISEM:weakness_of_muscle_group weakness_of_muscle_group Reduc strength of muscl that perform specif action at a joint. reduced strength of muscles that perform specific actions at a joint. weak of muscl group weakness of muscle group weakness_of_muscle_group EPISEM:weakness_of_muscles_of_mastication weakness_of_muscles_of_mastication weak of muscl of mastic weakness of muscles of mastication weakness_of_muscles_of_mastication EPISEM:weakness_of_neck_flexors weakness_of_neck_flexors Weak of the muscl involv in neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid, longus capitus, longus colli, and scalenus anterior). weak of neck flexor weakness of neck flexors weakness of the muscles involved in neck flexion (sternocleidomastoid, longus capitus, longus colli, and scalenus anterior). weakness_of_neck_flexors EPISEM:weakness_of_right_arm weakness_of_right_arm 15633441000119109^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 15633441000119109^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of right arm weakness of right arm weakness_of_right_arm EPISEM:weakness_of_right_hand weakness_of_right_hand 13530001000004108^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 13530001000004108^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of right hand weakness of right hand weakness_of_right_hand EPISEM:weakness_of_sternomastoid weakness_of_sternomastoid The sternocleidomastoid muscl (SCM) act to turn the head to the opposit side. Acting together, the two SCMs thrust the head forward and flex the neck the sternocleidomastoid muscle (scm) acts to turn the head to the opposite side. acting together, the two scms thrust the head forward and flex the neck weak of sternomastoid weakness of sternomastoid weakness_of_sternomastoid EPISEM:weakness_of_toe weakness_of_toe 299575007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 299575007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer weak of toe weakness of toe weakness_of_toe EPISEM:weakness_of_trapezius weakness_of_trapezius Strength of the trapezius muscl is usual test by shrug of the shoulders, although the levat scapula contribut to this action. Another test of the trapezius is to have the patient attempt to approxim the occipitut of the head to the acromion of the shoulder. When the trapezius is weak the arm hang lower on the affect side and the finger tip touch the hip at a lower level on the affect side. strength of the trapezius muscle is usually tested by shrugging of the shoulders, although the levator scapulae contributes to this action. another test of the trapezius is to have the patient attempt to approximate the occipitut of the head to the acromion of the shoulder. when the trapezius is weak the arms hang lower on the affected side and the finger tips touch the hips at a lower level on the affected side. weak of trapezius weakness of trapezius weakness_of_trapezius EPISEM:weakness_of_triceps weakness_of_triceps A lack of strength in the tricep muscle, which normal is respons for extend (straightening) the elbow and mediat certain shoulder movements. a lack of strength in the triceps muscle, which normally is responsible for extending (straightening) the elbow and mediating certain shoulder movements. weak of tricep weakness of triceps weakness_of_triceps EPISEM:weakness_of_wrist_extension weakness_of_wrist_extension weak of wrist extens weakness of wrist extension wrist drop weakness_of_wrist_extension EPISEM:weight_loss weight_loss The reduct of overal bodi mass; may be due to disease, diet, or drugs; can be perman or temporary, and may involv ani tissue. the reduction of overall body mass; may be due to disease, diet, or drugs; can be permanent or temporary, and may involve any tissue. weight loss weight_loss EPISEM:wide_based_gait wide_based_gait An abnorm gait pattern in which person stand and walk with their feet space wide apart. This is often a compon of cerebellar ataxia. an abnormal gait pattern in which persons stand and walk with their feet spaced widely apart. this is often a component of cerebellar ataxia. wide base gait wide based gait wide_based_gait EPISEM:winged_scapula winged_scapula Abnormal protrus of the scapula away from the surfac of the back abnormal protrusion of the scapula away from the surface of the back wing scapula winged scapula winged_scapula EPISEM:withdrawal withdrawal A social or emot detachment, patholog retreat from object reality, interperson contact and social involvement, as in some form of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotyp person disorders. a social or emotional detachment, pathological retreat from objective reality, interpersonal contact and social involvement, as in some forms of schizophrenia, depression, or schizoid, avoidant, or schizotypal personality disorders. withdraw withdrawal withdrawal EPISEM:withdrawn withdrawn 247755007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 247755007^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer withdrawn withdrawn EPISEM:witzelsucht witzelsucht Witzelsucht \"joke addiction\") is character by a tendenc to make puns, or tell inappropri joke or pointless stori in social inappropri situations. It often occur in disinhibit patient with frontal lobe damage. witzelsucht witzelsucht \"joking addiction\") is characterized by a tendency to make puns, or tell inappropriate jokes or pointless stories in socially inappropriate situations. it often occurs in disinhibited patients with frontal lobe damage. witzelsucht EPISEM:word_deafness word_deafness 3387000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 3387000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer word deaf word deafness word_deafness Visual_acuity_loss_none_to_moderate visual acuiti loss none to moder visual acuity loss none to moderate Visual_acuity_loss_none_to_moderate EPILONT:Absence_Status_Epilepticus Absence_Status_Epilepticus absenc status epilepticus absence status epilepticus estado de mal de ausência estado de mal de ausências Absence_Status_Epilepticus EPILONT:Alcohol_withdrawal_seizures Alcohol_withdrawal_seizures alcohol withdraw seizur alcohol withdrawal seizures crise por privação de álcool crises por privação de álcool Alcohol_withdrawal_seizures EPILONT:Benign_familial_neonatal_seizures Benign_familial_neonatal_seizures benign famili neonat seizur benign familial neonatal seizures crise neonatai benigna familiar crises neonatais benignas familiares Benign_familial_neonatal_seizures EPILONT:Benign_neonatal_seizures Benign_neonatal_seizures benign neonat seizur benign neonatal seizures crise neonatai benigna crises neonatais benignas Benign_neonatal_seizures EPILONT:Benign_non-familial_infantile_seizures Benign_non-familial_infantile_seizures benign non-famili infantil seizur benign non-familial infantile seizures crise familiar benigna infanti (não familiares) crises familiares benignas infantis (não familiares) Benign_non-familial_infantile_seizures EPILONT:Clonic_Seizure_Without_Tonic_Features Clonic_Seizure_Without_Tonic_Features clonic seizur without tonic featur clonic seizure without tonic features crise clónica sem component tónico crise clónica sem componentes tónicos Clonic_Seizure_Without_Tonic_Features EPILONT:Clonic_Seizure_with_Tonic_Features Clonic_Seizure_with_Tonic_Features clonic seizur with tonic featur clonic seizure with tonic features crise clónica com component tónico crise clónica com componentes tónicos Clonic_Seizure_with_Tonic_Features EPILONT:Clonic_Status_Epilepticus Clonic_Status_Epilepticus clonic status epilepticus estado de mal clónico Clonic_Status_Epilepticus EPILONT:Continuous_Seizure Continuous_Seizure continu seizur continuous seizure crise contínua crises contínuas Continuous_Seizure EPILONT:Corpus_Callosotomy Corpus_Callosotomy Surgeri that disconnect the cerebr hemispher and reduc aton and tonic-clon seizures.@en corpus callosotomi corpus callosotomy surgery that disconnects the cerebral hemispheres and reduces atonic and tonic-clonic seizures.@en Corpus_Callosotomy EPILONT:Drug_or_other_chemically-induced_seizures Drug_or_other_chemically-induced_seizures crise induzida por fármaco ou outro químico crises induzidas por fármacos ou outros químicos drug or other chemically-induc seizur drug or other chemically-induced seizures Drug_or_other_chemically-induced_seizures EPILONT:Early_myoclonic_encephalopathy Early_myoclonic_encephalopathy earli myoclon encephalopathi early myoclonic encephalopathy encefalopatia mioclónica precoc encefalopatia mioclónica precoce Early_myoclonic_encephalopathy EPILONT:Electroencephalography Electroencephalography apparatus that records, in the form of brain waves, electr discharg from neuron in the brain through electrod attach to the scalp.@en apparatus that records, in the form of brain waves, electrical discharge from neurons in the brain through electrodes attached to the scalp.@en electroencephalographi electroencephalography eletroencefalogia Electroencephalography EPILONT:Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_of_Kojevnikov Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_of_Kojevnikov epilepsia partiali continua de kojevnikov epilepsia partiali continua of kojevnikov epilepsia partialis continua de kojevnikov epilepsia partialis continua of kojevnikov Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_of_Kojevnikov EPILONT:Epilepsy_with_generalized_tonic-clonic_seizures_only Epilepsy_with_generalized_tonic-clonic_seizures_only epilepsi with general tonic-clon seizur onli epilepsia apena com crise tónico-clónica generalizada epilepsia apenas com crises tónico-clónicas generalizadas epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures only Epilepsy_with_generalized_tonic-clonic_seizures_only EPILONT:Epilepsy_with_myoclonic-astatic_seizures Epilepsy_with_myoclonic-astatic_seizures epilepsi with myoclonic-astat seizur epilepsia com crise mioclónico-astática epilepsia com crises mioclónico-astáticas epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures Epilepsy_with_myoclonic-astatic_seizures EPILONT:Epileptic_Syndromes Epileptic_Syndromes epilept syndrom epileptic syndromes síndrome epiléptico síndromes epilépticos Epileptic_Syndromes EPILONT:Epileptiform Epileptiform Resembl epilepsi or it manifestations; often refer to EEG patterns.@en epileptiform resembling epilepsy or its manifestations; often refers to eeg patterns.@en Epileptiform EPILONT:Epileptogenic Epileptogenic Caus epilepsy.@en causing epilepsy.@en epileptogen epileptogenic Epileptogenic EPILONT:Epileptologist Epileptologist A neurologist with specialti train in epilepsy.@en a neurologist with specialty training in epilepsy.@en epileptologist epileptologista Epileptologist EPILONT:Eyelid_Myoclonia Eyelid_Myoclonia eyelid myoclonia mioclonia palpebrai mioclonias palpebrais Eyelid_Myoclonia EPILONT:Eyelid_Myoclonia_With_Absences Eyelid_Myoclonia_With_Absences eyelid myoclonia with absenc eyelid myoclonia with absences mioclonia palpebrai com ausência mioclonias palpebrais com ausência Eyelid_Myoclonia_With_Absences EPILONT:Eyelid_Myoclonia_Without_Absences Eyelid_Myoclonia_Without_Absences eyelid myoclonia without absenc eyelid myoclonia without absences mioclonia palpebrai sem ausência mioclonias palpebrais sem ausência Eyelid_Myoclonia_Without_Absences EPILONT:Focal_Motor_Seizure Focal_Motor_Seizure crise focal motora focal motor seizur focal motor seizure Focal_Motor_Seizure EPILONT:Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Asymmetrical_Tonic_Motor_Seizures Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Asymmetrical_Tonic_Motor_Seizures crise focal motora com crise motora tónica assimétrica crise focal motora com crises motoras tónicas assimétricas focal motor seizur with asymmetr tonic motor seizur focal motor seizure with asymmetrical tonic motor seizures Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Asymmetrical_Tonic_Motor_Seizures EPILONT:Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Elementary_Clonic_Motor_Signs Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Elementary_Clonic_Motor_Signs crise focal motora com sinai motor clónico elementar crise focal motora com sinais motores clónicos elementares focal motor seizur with elementari clonic motor sign focal motor seizure with elementary clonic motor signs Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Elementary_Clonic_Motor_Signs EPILONT:Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Focal_Negative_Myoclonus Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Focal_Negative_Myoclonus crise focal motora com mioclonia negativa focal focal motor seizur with focal negat myoclonus focal motor seizure with focal negative myoclonus Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Focal_Negative_Myoclonus EPILONT:Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Hyperkinetic_Automatisms Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Hyperkinetic_Automatisms crise focal motora com automatismo hipercinético crise focal motora com automatismos hipercinéticos focal motor seizur with hyperkinet automat focal motor seizure with hyperkinetic automatisms Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Hyperkinetic_Automatisms EPILONT:Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Inhibitory_Motor_Seizures Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Inhibitory_Motor_Seizures crise focal motora com crise motora inibitória crise focal motora com crises motoras inibitórias focal motor seizur with inhibitori motor seizur focal motor seizure with inhibitory motor seizures Focal_Motor_Seizure_With_Inhibitory_Motor_Seizures EPILONT:Focal_Seizure Focal_Seizure crise focal focal seizur focal seizure Focal_Seizure EPILONT:Focal_Sensory_Seizure Focal_Sensory_Seizure crise focal sensori crise focal sensorial focal sensori seizur focal sensory seizure Focal_Sensory_Seizure EPILONT:Focal_Sensory_Seizure_With_Elementary_Sensory_Symptoms Focal_Sensory_Seizure_With_Elementary_Sensory_Symptoms crise focal sensori com sintoma sensoriai elementar crise focal sensorial com sintomas sensoriais elementares focal sensori seizur with elementari sensori symptom focal sensory seizure with elementary sensory symptoms Focal_Sensory_Seizure_With_Elementary_Sensory_Symptoms EPILONT:Focal_Sensory_Seizure_With_Experiential_Sensory_Symptoms Focal_Sensory_Seizure_With_Experiential_Sensory_Symptoms crise focal sensori com sintoma sensoriai vivenciai crise focal sensorial com sintomas sensoriais vivenciais focal sensori seizur with experienti sensori symptom focal sensory seizure with experiential sensory symptoms Focal_Sensory_Seizure_With_Experiential_Sensory_Symptoms EPILONT:Focal_Status_Epilepticus Focal_Status_Epilepticus estado de mal focal focal status epilepticus Focal_Status_Epilepticus EPILONT:General_Concepts General_Concepts general concept general concepts General_Concepts EPILONT:Generalized_Tonic-clonic_Status_Epilepticus Generalized_Tonic-clonic_Status_Epilepticus estado de mal tónico-clónico generalizado general tonic-clon status epilepticus generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus Generalized_Tonic-clonic_Status_Epilepticus EPILONT:HH_syndrome HH_syndrome h h syndrom h h syndrome síndrome hh (hemiconvulsão – hemiplegia) HH_syndrome EPILONT:Hemoconvulsive_Status_With_Hemiparesis Hemoconvulsive_Status_With_Hemiparesis estado de mal hemiconvulsivo com hemiperesia hemoconvuls status with hemiparesi hemoconvulsive status with hemiparesis Hemoconvulsive_Status_With_Hemiparesis EPILONT:Idiopathic Idiopathic Refer to a disord of unknown cause.@en idiopath idiopathic idiopático referring to a disorder of unknown cause.@en Idiopathic EPILONT:Immediate_and_early_post_traumatic_seizures Immediate_and_early_post_traumatic_seizures crise pós-traumática imediata ou precoc crises pós-traumáticas imediatas ou precoces immedi and earli post traumat seizur immediate and early post traumatic seizures Immediate_and_early_post_traumatic_seizures EPILONT:Ketogenic_Diet Ketogenic_Diet A high-fat, low-carbohydr diet use to control seizures.@en a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet used to control seizures.@en dieta ketogénica ketogen diet ketogenic diet Ketogenic_Diet EPILONT:Landau-Kleffner_syndrome Landau-Kleffner_syndrome A disord of childhood character by the regress of languag mileston in associ with frequent epilepsi wave on the EEG.@en a disorder of childhood characterized by the regression of language milestones in association with frequent epilepsy waves on the eeg.@en landau- kleffner syndrom landau- kleffner syndrome síndrome de landau-kleffn síndrome de landau-kleffner Landau-Kleffner_syndrome EPILONT:Lennox-Gastaut_syndrome Lennox-Gastaut_syndrome A disord begin in childhood, character by development delay or mental retardation, multipl seizur type that do not respond well to therapy, and slow spike-and-wav discharg on the EEG.@en a disorder beginning in childhood, characterized by developmental delay or mental retardation, multiple seizure types that do not respond well to therapy, and slow spike-and-wave discharges on the eeg.@en lennox- gastaut syndrom lennox- gastaut syndrome síndrome de lennox-gastaut Lennox-Gastaut_syndrome EPILONT:Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging A scan techniqu that creat pictur of the insid of the bodi and the brain; use a strong magnet.@en a scanning technique that creates pictures of the inside of the body and the brain; uses a strong magnet.@en magnet reson imag magnetic resonance imaging ressonância magnética Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging EPILONT:Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy A scan techniqu that examin the atom hydrogen and phosphorus to measur chemic activ in small area of brain.@en a scanning technique that examines the atoms hydrogen and phosphorus to measure chemical activity in small areas of brain.@en magnet reson spectroscopi magnetic resonance spectroscopy Magnetic_Resonance_Spectroscopy EPILONT:Magnetoencephalography Magnetoencephalography Record the brain’ magnet activity.@en magnetoencephalographi magnetoencephalography recording the brain’s magnetic activity.@en Magnetoencephalography EPILONT:Massive_Bilateral_Myoclonus Massive_Bilateral_Myoclonus massiv bilater myoclonus massive bilateral myoclonus Massive_Bilateral_Myoclonus EPILONT:Myoclonic_Atonic_Seizure Myoclonic_Atonic_Seizure crise atónico-mioclónica myoclon aton seizur myoclonic atonic seizure Myoclonic_Atonic_Seizure EPILONT:Myoclonic_Status_Epilepticus Myoclonic_Status_Epilepticus estado de mal mioclónico myoclon status epilepticus myoclonic status epilepticus Myoclonic_Status_Epilepticus EPILONT:Negative_Myoclonus Negative_Myoclonus mioclonia negativa negat myoclonus negative myoclonus Negative_Myoclonus EPILONT:Neocortical_epilepsies Neocortical_epilepsies epilepsia neocorticai epilepsias neocorticais neocort epilepsi neocortical epilepsies Neocortical_epilepsies EPILONT:Other_types_defined_by_location_and_etiology_1 Other_types_defined_by_location_and_etiology_1 other type defin by locat and etiolog 1 other types defined by location and etiology 1 outro tipo definido pela localização e etiologia outros tipos definidos pela localização e etiologia Other_types_defined_by_location_and_etiology_1 EPILONT:Other_types_defined_by_location_and_etiology_2 Other_types_defined_by_location_and_etiology_2 other type defin by locat and etiolog 2 other types defined by location and etiology 2 outro tipo definido pela localização e etiologia outros tipos definidos pela localização e etiologia Other_types_defined_by_location_and_etiology_2 EPILONT:Other_visual_sensitive_epilepsies Other_visual_sensitive_epilepsies other visual sensit epilepsi other visual sensitive epilepsies outra epilepsia sensitiva visuai outras epilepsias sensitivas visuais Other_visual_sensitive_epilepsies EPILONT:Photic_Stimulation Photic_Stimulation Shining, flash (strobe) light in the eye (which may be closed) of a person; use dure the EEG to detect photosensit epilepsy.@en photic stimul photic stimulation shining, flashing (strobe) lights in the eyes (which may be closed) of a person; used during the eeg to detect photosensitive epilepsy.@en Photic_Stimulation EPILONT:Positron_Emission_Tomography Positron_Emission_Tomography A diagnost test that use a veri low dose of a radioact compound to measur metabol activ in the brain; area of decreas metabol correspond to the seizur focus.@en a diagnostic test that uses a very low dose of a radioactive compound to measure metabolic activity in the brain; areas of decreased metabolism correspond to the seizure focus.@en positron emiss tomographi positron emission tomography tomografia por emissão de positrõ tomografia por emissão de positrões Positron_Emission_Tomography EPILONT:Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies A rare group of epilepsies, often inherit character by myoclon and other seizur and progress neurolog impairment.@en a rare group of epilepsies, often inherited characterized by myoclonic and other seizures and progressive neurologic impairment.@en epilepsia mioclónica progressiva epilepsias mioclónicas progressivas progress myoclonus epilepsi progressive myoclonus epilepsies Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies EPILONT:Secondarily_Generalized_Seizure Secondarily_Generalized_Seizure crise secundariament generalizada crise secundariamente generalizadas secondarili general seizur secondarily generalized seizure Secondarily_Generalized_Seizure EPILONT:Seizure_Types Seizure_Types seizur type seizure types tipo de crise tipos de crise Seizure_Types EPILONT:Seizures_Not_Necessarily_Requiring_a_Diagnosis_of_Epilepsy Seizures_Not_Necessarily_Requiring_a_Diagnosis_of_Epilepsy crise que não obrigam necessariament ao diagnóstico de epilepsia crises que não obrigam necessariamente ao diagnóstico de epilepsia seizur not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsi seizures not necessarily requiring a diagnosis of epilepsy Seizures_Not_Necessarily_Requiring_a_Diagnosis_of_Epilepsy EPILONT:Self-limited_Seizure Self-limited_Seizure crise auto-limitada crises auto-limitadas self-limit seizur self-limited seizure Self-limited_Seizure EPILONT:Single-photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography_ Single-photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography_ A diagnost test that use a veri low dose of a radioact compound to measur blood flow in the brain.@en a diagnostic test that uses a very low dose of a radioactive compound to measure blood flow in the brain.@en single-photon emiss comput tomographi single-photon emission computed tomography tomografia computadorizada por emissão de fóton único Single-photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography_ EPILONT:Single_seizures_or_isolated_clusters_of_seizures Single_seizures_or_isolated_clusters_of_seizures crise isolada ou grupo isolado de crise crises isoladas ou grupos isolados de crises singl seizur or isol cluster of seizur single seizures or isolated clusters of seizures Single_seizures_or_isolated_clusters_of_seizures EPILONT:Slowing Slowing A term use for brain wave on the EEG that have a lower frequenc than expected, can result from drowsi or sleep, drugs, or brain injuri and occur dure or after seizures.@en a term used for brain waves on the eeg that have a lower frequency than expected, can result from drowsiness or sleep, drugs, or brain injuries and occur during or after seizures.@en slow slowing Slowing EPILONT:Spell Spell A period, bout, or episod of ill or indisposition.@en a period, bout, or episode of illness or indisposition.@en spell Spell EPILONT:Synapse Synapse The junction between one nerv cell and anoth nerv cell; the axon of one nerv cell releas a neurotransmitter, which diffus across the synaps and caus chang in the membran of the adjac cell.@en sinaps sinapse synaps synapse the junction between one nerve cell and another nerve cell; the axon of one nerve cell releases a neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synapse and causes changes in the membrane of the adjacent cell.@en Synapse EPILONT:Syndrome Syndrome A group of sign and symptom that collect defin or character a diseas or disorder; sign are object finding such as weakness, and symptom are subject finding such as a feel of fear.@en a group of signs and symptoms that collectively define or characterize a disease or disorder; signs are objective findings such as weakness, and symptoms are subjective findings such as a feeling of fear.@en syndrom syndrome síndrome Syndrome EPILONT:Tonic_Status_Epilepticus Tonic_Status_Epilepticus estado de mal tónico tonic status epilepticus Tonic_Status_Epilepticus _Focal_Epilepsies focal epilepsi focal epilepsies epilepsia focai familiar (autosómica dominantes) epilepsias focais familiares (autosómicas dominantes) _Focal_Epilepsies _Automatisms automat automatisms crise focal motora com automatismo (lobo temporal) típico crise focal motora com automatismos (lobo temporal) típicos _Automatisms _Focal_Epilepsies focal epilepsi focal epilepsies epilepsia focai sintomática (ou provavelment sintomáticas) epilepsias focais sintomáticas (ou provavelmente sintomáticas) _Focal_Epilepsies ESSO:AARS_Gene AARS_Gene a a r s gene AARS_Gene ESSO:ARHGEF9_Gene ARHGEF9_Gene a r h g e f9 gene ARHGEF9_Gene ESSO:ARX_Gene ARX_Gene a r x gene ARX_Gene ESSO:A_Note_to_Myself A_Note_to_Myself Is a versus part of throughtout the whole ontolog Are these exampl or compon of? a note to myself is a versus part of throughtout the whole ontology are these examples or components of? A_Note_to_Myself ESSO:Abdominal_Peristalsis Abdominal_Peristalsis JB: Irrelev in epilepsi abdomin peristalsi abdominal peristalsis jb: irrelevant in epilepsy Abdominal_Peristalsis ESSO:Abduction Abduction Refer to where a limb is held abduct abduction refers to where a limb is held Abduction ESSO:Abnormal_Development Abnormal_Development Luder 1998 abnorm develop abnormal development luders 1998 Abnormal_Development ESSO:Abnormal_Epigastric_Emptiness_Feeling Abnormal_Epigastric_Emptiness_Feeling Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 abnorm epigastr empti feel abnormal epigastric emptiness feeling blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 Abnormal_Epigastric_Emptiness_Feeling ESSO:Abnormal_Pattern Abnormal_Pattern Noachter 1999 Seizur Pattern, EEG Phenomenon consist of repetit EEG discharg with relat abrupt onset and termin and characterist pattern of evolut last at least sever seconds. These EEG pattern are seen dure epilept seizures. Frequent interict epileptiform discharg are a usual not associ with clinic seizur and thus should be differenti from electroencephalograph seizur patterns. The compon wave or complex vari in form, frequency, and topography. They are general rhythmic and frequent display increas amplitud and decreas frequenc dure the same episode. When focal in onset, they tend to spread subsequ to other areas. Comment: EEG seizur pattern unaccompani by clinic epilept manifest detect by the EEG technician should be refer to as \"subclinical\" . abnorm pattern abnormal pattern noachter 1999 seizure pattern, eeg phenomenon consisting of repetitive eeg discharges with relatively abrupt onset and termination and characteristic pattern of evolution lasting at least several seconds. these eeg patterns are seen during epileptic seizures. frequent interictal epileptiform discharges are a usually not associated with clinical seizures and thus should be differentiated from electroencephalographic seizure patterns. the component waves or complexes vary in form, frequency, and topography. they are generally rhythmic and frequently display increasing amplitude and decreasing frequency during the same episode. when focal in onset, they tend to spread subsequently to other areas. comment: eeg seizure patterns unaccompanied by clinical epileptic manifestations detected by the eeg technician should be referred to as \"subclinical\" . Abnormal_Pattern ESSO:Absent_Body_Part Absent_Body_Part absent bodi part absent body part Absent_Body_Part ESSO:Absorption Absorption absorpt absorption Absorption ESSO:Acceptance Acceptance accept acceptance not semiolog not semiology Acceptance ESSO:Acidic_Taste_Hallucination Acidic_Taste_Hallucination Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. acid tast hallucin acidic taste hallucination blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. Acidic_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Acoustic_Startle Acoustic_Startle JB: Histor and demonstr on Physic Examin acoust startl acoustic startle jb: historical and demonstrate on physical examination Acoustic_Startle ESSO:Acquired Acquired acquir acquired Acquired ESSO:Acquired_Epileptic_Aphasia Acquired_Epileptic_Aphasia ILAE 1989 Acquir epilept aphasia (Landau-Kleffn syndrome) The Landau-Kleffn syndrom is a childhood disord in which an acquir aphasia, multifoc spike, and spike and wave discharg are associated. Epilept seizur and behavior and psychomotor disturb occur in two-third of the patients. There is verbal auditori agnosia and rapid reduct of spontan speech. The seizures, usual GTCS or partial motor, are rare, and remit befor the age of 15 years, as do the EEG abnormalities. Landau-Kleffn syndrom acquir epilept aphasia acquired epileptic aphasia ilae 1989 acquired epileptic aphasia (landau-kleffner syndrome) the landau-kleffner syndrome is a childhood disorder in which an acquired aphasia, multifocal spike, and spike and wave discharges are associated. epileptic seizures and behavioral and psychomotor disturbances occur in two-thirds of the patients. there is verbal auditory agnosia and rapid reduction of spontaneous speech. the seizures, usually gtcs or partial motor, are rare, and remit before the age of 15 years, as do the eeg abnormalities. landau-kleffner syndrome Acquired_Epileptic_Aphasia ESSO:Acquired_Genetic_Disease Acquired_Genetic_Disease Scheuermann 2009 Acquir Genet Disease: A diseas whose physic basi is an acquir genet disorder. Examples: chronic: benign colon neoplasia (here the physic basi is an APC mutation); progressive: malign colon cancer (here the physic basi is a combin of APC, ras and p53 mutations). Scheuermann 2009 Acquir Genet Disorder: A genet disord acquir by a singl cell in an organ that lead to a popul of cell within the organ bear the disorder. Example: a point mutat acquir in the H-ras gene in colorect adenoma cells. acquir genet diseas acquired genetic disease scheuermann 2009 acquired genetic disease: a disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. examples: chronic: benign colonic neoplasia (here the physical basis is an apc mutation); progressive: malignant colon cancer (here the physical basis is a combination of apc, ras and p53 mutations). scheuermann 2009 acquired genetic disorder: a genetic disorder acquired by a single cell in an organism that leads to a population of cells within the organism bearing the disorder. example: a point mutation acquired in the h-ras gene in colorectal adenoma cells. Acquired_Genetic_Disease ESSO:Acquired_Immune_Deficiency_Syndrome_AIDS Acquired_Immune_Deficiency_Syndrome_AIDS Scheuermann 2009 AIDS as a diseas that dispos to non-HIV pathogen persist and duplic (patholog processes) follow opportunist infect that take advantag of a weaken immun system (physic basis). acquir immun defici syndrom a i d s acquired immune deficiency syndrome a i d s scheuermann 2009 aids as a disease that disposes to non-hiv pathogen persistence and duplication (pathological processes) following opportunistic infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system (physical basis). Acquired_Immune_Deficiency_Syndrome_AIDS ESSO:Acrocallosal_Syndrome Acrocallosal_Syndrome Engel 2001 Acrocallos syndrom acrocallos syndrom acrocallosal syndrome engel 2001 acrocallosal syndrome Acrocallosal_Syndrome ESSO:Action_Myoclonus Action_Myoclonus Bancaud 1981 Action Myoclonus Myoclon Seizur exacerb by volit movement (action myoclonus) action myoclonus bancaud 1981 action myoclonus myoclonic seizures exacerbated by volitional movement (action myoclonus) Action_Myoclonus ESSO:Activation_Procedure Activation_Procedure Noachter 1999 Activat procedure: (1) Ani procedur design to enhanc or elicit normal or abnorm EEG activity, especi paroxysm activity. Examples: hyperventilation, photic stimulation, sleep, inject of convuls drugs. (2) Induction of an EEG pattern consist of a low voltag record which becom appar upon block of EEG rhythm by physiolog or other stimuli such as electr stimul of the brain (use in this mean discouraged). activ procedur activation procedure noachter 1999 activation procedure: (1) any procedure designed to enhance or elicit normal or abnormal eeg activity, especially paroxysmal activity. examples: hyperventilation, photic stimulation, sleep, injection of convulsant drugs. (2) induction of an eeg pattern consisting of a low voltage record which becomes apparent upon blocking of eeg rhythms by physiological or other stimuli such as electrical stimulation of the brain (use in this meaning discouraged). Activation_Procedure ESSO:Acute_Encephalitis_with_Refractory_Repetitive_Partial_Seizures_AERRPS Acute_Encephalitis_with_Refractory_Repetitive_Partial_Seizures_AERRPS acut enceph with refractori repetit partial seizur a e r r p s acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures a e r r p s d0000354 Acute_Encephalitis_with_Refractory_Repetitive_Partial_Seizures_AERRPS ESSO:Addendum Addendum addendum bancaud 1981 addendum Addendum ESSO:Adduction Adduction Refer to where a limb is held adduct adduction refers to where a limb is held Adduction ESSO:Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone adrenocorticotrop hormon adrenocorticotropic hormone Adrenocorticotropic_Hormone ESSO:Adversive_movement Adversive_movement advers movement adversive movement Adversive_movement ESSO:Affect Affect affect Affect ESSO:Affect_Change Affect_Change affect chang affect change Affect_Change ESSO:Affective_Symptom Affective_Symptom Bancaud 1981 Affectiv symptomatology. Sensat of extrem pleasur or displeasure, as well as fear and intens depress with feel of unworthi and reject may be experienc dure seizures. Unlike those of psychiatr induc depression, these symptom tend to come in attack latst for a few minutes. Anger or rage is occasion experienced, but unlik temper tantrums, epilept anger is appar unprovoked, and abat rapidly. Fear or terror is the most frequent symptom; It is sudden in onset, usual unprovoked, and may lead to run away. Assocait with terror, there are freeuqnt object sign or autonom activity, inlcud pupil dilatation, pallor flusing, piloerection, palpation, and hypertension. Blume 2001 Affective: Compon includ fear, depression, joy, and (rarely) anger. affect symptom affective symptom bancaud 1981 affective symptomatology. sensation of extreme pleasure or displeasure, as well as fear and intense depression with feelings of unworthiness and rejection may be experienced during seizures. unlike those of psychiatrically induced depression, these symptoms tend to come in attacks latsting for a few minutes. anger or rage is occasionally experienced, but unlike temper tantrums, epileptic anger is apparently unprovoked, and abates rapidly. fear or terror is the most frequent symptom; it is sudden in onset, usually unprovoked, and may lead to running away. assocaited with terror, there are freeuqntly objective signs or autonomic activity, inlcuding pupil dilatation, pallor flusing, piloerection, palpation, and hypertension. blume 2001 affective: components include fear, depression, joy, and (rarely) anger. Affective_Symptom ESSO:After-Discharge After-Discharge Noachter 1999 After-discharge: (1) EEG seizur pattern follow singl or repetit electr stimul of a discret area of the brain via cortic or intracerebr electrodes. (2) Burst of rhythmic activ follow a transient such as an evok potenti or a spike. after- discharg after- discharge noachter 1999 after-discharge: (1) eeg seizure pattern following single or repetitive electrical stimulations of a discrete area of the brain via cortical or intracerebral electrodes. (2) burst of rhythmic activity following a transient such as an evoked potential or a spike. After-Discharge ESSO:Age_Currently Age_Currently 1970 gastaut age 1981 bancaud ictal ilae 1989 age current age currently Age_Currently ESSO:Age_of_Onset Age_of_Onset ILAE 1969 Age ILAE 1989 Age of Onset 2003 Blume Determin hing on seizur description, frequency, age at onset, neurolog history, function enquiry, neurolog examin and one or more EEGs 2006 Engel 2010 Berg age of onset ilae 1969 age ilae 1989 age of onset 2003 blume determination hinges on seizure description, frequency, age at onset, neurological history, functional enquiry, neurological examination and one or more eegs 2006 engel 2010 berg Age_of_Onset ESSO:Aicardi_Syndrome Aicardi_Syndrome ILAE 1989 Aicardi syndrom occur in femal and is note for retin lacuna and absenc of the corpus callosum; infantil spasm with earli onset; and often asymmetric, diffus EEG abnorm general asynchron with suppress burst and/or atyp hypsarrhythmia. Engel 2001 Aicardi syndrom aicardi syndrom aicardi syndrome ilae 1989 aicardi syndrome occurs in females and is noted for retinal lacunae and absence of the corpus callosum; infantile spasms with early onset; and often asymmetric, diffuse eeg abnormalities generally asynchronous with suppression burst and/or atypical hypsarrhythmia. engel 2001 aicardi syndrome Aicardi_Syndrome ESSO:Aimless_Walking Aimless_Walking Bancaud 1981 Aimless Walk aimless walk aimless walking bancaud 1981 aimless walking Aimless_Walking ESSO:Akinesia Akinesia Loss or impair of the power of voluntari movement. akinesia loss or impairment of the power of voluntary movement. Akinesia ESSO:Akinetic_Status Akinetic_Status Luder 1998 Akinet Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Akinet seizur are character by the inabl to perform voluntari movements. Therefore, they can actual be consid negat complex motor seizures. Muscl tone is also frequent lost, but the akinesia is the most promin manifest of the seizure. These seizur are most probabl an express of the activ of the negat motor area in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. Onli patient in whom conscious is preserv dure the seizur can have akinet seizur becaus they .can be test or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. akinet status akinetic status luders 1998 akinetic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric akinetic seizures are characterized by the inability to perform voluntary movements. therefore, they can actually be considered negative complex motor seizures. muscle tone is also frequently lost, but the akinesia is the most prominent manifestation of the seizure. these seizures are most probably an expression of the activation of the negative motor areas in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. only patients in whom consciousness is preserved during the seizures can have akinetic seizures because they .can be tested or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Akinetic_Status ESSO:Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures Engel 2001 Alcohol-Withdraw Seizur alcohol- withdraw seizur alcohol- withdrawal seizures d0000360 engel 2001 alcohol-withdrawal seizures Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures ESSO:Alcohol_Consumption Alcohol_Consumption alcohol consumpt alcohol consumption bancaud 1981 Alcohol_Consumption ESSO:Alcohol_Consumption_by_Patient Alcohol_Consumption_by_Patient alcohol consumpt by patient alcohol consumption by patient Alcohol_Consumption_by_Patient ESSO:Alcohol_Consumption_by_Patients_Mother Alcohol_Consumption_by_Patients_Mother alcohol consumpt by patient mother alcohol consumption by patients mother Alcohol_Consumption_by_Patients_Mother ESSO:Alcohol_Withdrawal Alcohol_Withdrawal 2014 Fischer Alcohol-withdraw 2014 fischer alcohol-withdrawal alcohol withdraw alcohol withdrawal Alcohol_Withdrawal ESSO:Alert Alert alert Alert ESSO:Alpha_Band_Frequency Alpha_Band_Frequency 8-13 hz alpha band frequenc alpha band frequency Alpha_Band_Frequency ESSO:Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Alpha variant rhythms: Certain characterist EEG rhythm that are record most promin over the posterior region of the head and differ in frequenc but resembl in reactiv the alpha rhythm. Comment: often at a supra or sub-harmon of alpha frequenc may occur when no alpha rhythm is visibl (see: fast alpha valiant rhythm; slow alpha variant rhythm. alpha variant rhythm noachter 1999 alpha variant rhythms: certain characteristic eeg rhythms that are recorded most prominently over the posterior regions of the head and differ in frequency but resemble in reactivity the alpha rhythm. comment: often at a supra or sub-harmonic of alpha frequency may occur when no alpha rhythm is visible (see: fast alpha valiant rhythm; slow alpha variant rhythm. Alpha_Variant_Rhythm ESSO:Alpha_Wave Alpha_Wave 1/13-1/8s alpha wave Alpha_Wave ESSO:Alteration_of_Conciousness Alteration_of_Conciousness Bancaud 1981 Impairment of conscious alter of concious alteration of conciousness bancaud 1981 impairment of consciousness Alteration_of_Conciousness ESSO:Alteration_of_Responsiveness Alteration_of_Responsiveness alter of respons alteration of responsiveness Alteration_of_Responsiveness ESSO:Alternate_Period Alternate_Period altern period alternate period Alternate_Period ESSO:Amblyopia Amblyopia amblyopia Amblyopia ESSO:Amplitude_Decrease Amplitude_Decrease Bancaud 1981 Diminish the Amplitud amplitud decreas amplitude decrease bancaud 1981 diminishes the amplitude Amplitude_Decrease ESSO:Amplitude_Factor Amplitude_Factor Bancaud 1981 Amplitud Noachter 1999 Amplitude: Voltag of EEG wave express in microvolt (uV). Measur peak-to-peak. Comment: size of an EEG wave is dependent?upon signal voltag divid by the pen writer or of display sensitivity. EEG depict the differ in potenti between electrod pairs. It is therefor depend on the method of deriv and has no simpl relationship to actual amount of cerebr activity. EEG wave record from the surfac of the head are attenu and distort by interven structures, particular the skull. amplitud factor amplitude factor bancaud 1981 amplitude noachter 1999 amplitude: voltage of eeg waves expressed in microvolts (uv). measured peak-to-peak. comment: size of an eeg wave is dependent?upon signal voltage divided by the pen writer or of display sensitivity. eeg depicts the difference in potential between electrode pairs. it is therefore dependent on the method of derivation and has no simple relationship to actual amount of cerebral activity. eeg waves recorded from the surface of the head are attenuated and distorted by intervening structures, particularly the skull. Amplitude_Factor ESSO:Amplitude_Increase Amplitude_Increase Bancaud 1981 Increas in Amplitud amplitud increas amplitude increase bancaud 1981 increasing in amplitude Amplitude_Increase ESSO:Amygdalo-Hippocampal_Seizures Amygdalo-Hippocampal_Seizures ILAE 1989 Amygdalo-hippocamp (mesiobas limbic or rhinoencephalic) seizures. Hippocamp seizur are the most common form; the symptom are those describ in the previous paragraph except that auditori symptom may not occur. The interict scalp EEG may be normal, may show interict unilater tempor sharp or slow waves, may show bilater sharp or slow waves, synchron or asynchronous. The intracrani interict EEG may show mesial anterior tempor spike or sharp waves. Seizur are character by rise epigastr discomfort, nausea, mark autonom signs, and other symptoms, includ borborygmi, belching, pallor, full of the face, flush of the face, arrest of respiration, pupillari dilatation, fear, panic, and olfactory-gustatori hallucinations. amygdalo- hippocamp seizur amygdalo- hippocampal seizures ilae 1989 amygdalo-hippocampal (mesiobasal limbic or rhinoencephalic) seizures. hippocampal seizures are the most common form; the symptoms are those described in the previous paragraphs except that auditory symptoms may not occur. the interictal scalp eeg may be normal, may show interictal unilateral temporal sharp or slow waves, may show bilateral sharp or slow waves, synchronous or asynchronous. the intracranial interictal eeg may show mesial anterior temporal spikes or sharp waves. seizures are characterized by rising epigastric discomfort, nausea, marked autonomic signs, and other symptoms, including borborygmi, belching, pallor, fullness of the face, flushing of the face, arrest of respiration, pupillary dilatation, fear, panic, and olfactory-gustatory hallucinations. Amygdalo-Hippocampal_Seizures ESSO:Anatomy Anatomy Gastaut 1970 Anatom substrat ILAE 1989 Anaotmi anatomi anatomy gastaut 1970 anatomic substrate ilae 1989 anaotmy Anatomy ESSO:Anesthesia Anesthesia anesthesia Anesthesia ESSO:Anger Anger Bancaud 1981 Anger or rage is occassion experienced, but unlik temper tantrums, epilept anger is appar unprovoked, and abat rapidly. anger bancaud 1981 anger or rage is occassionally experienced, but unlike temper tantrums, epileptic anger is apparently unprovoked, and abates rapidly. Anger ESSO:Angular_Gyrus Angular_Gyrus Tancr 2005 The angular gyrus is part of the recept (sensory) speech area of the brain. Anomic aphasia, in which the patient has difficulti name objects, occur with damag to the angular gyrus, suggest that it function is to associ object with symbols. Structures: Angular Gyrus Calcarin Sulcus Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Frontal Lobe Inferior Pariet Lobul Intrapariet Sulcus Later Fissur Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Postcentr Gyrus Postcentr Sulcus Precuneus Primari Somatosensori Area Recept Speech Area Superior Pariet Lobul Superior Tempor Sulcus Supramargin Gyrus The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. angular gyrus tancred 2005 the angular gyrus is part of the receptive (sensory) speech area of the brain. anomic aphasia, in which the patient has difficulty naming objects, occurs with damage to the angular gyrus, suggesting that its function is to associate objects with symbols. structures: angular gyrus calcarine sulcus central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum frontal lobe inferior parietal lobule intraparietal sulcus lateral fissure occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus postcentral gyrus postcentral sulcus precuneus primary somatosensory area receptive speech area superior parietal lobule superior temporal sulcus supramarginal gyrus the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Angular_Gyrus ESSO:Ankle Ankle ankl ankle Ankle ESSO:Anterior Anterior anterior Anterior ESSO:Anterior_Frontopolar_Epilepsy Anterior_Frontopolar_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Anterior frontopolar epilepsi Anterior frontopolar seizur pattern includ forc think or initi loss of contact and advers movement of head and eyes, with possibl evolut includ contravers movement and axial clonic jerk and fall and autonom signs. anterior frontopolar epilepsi anterior frontopolar epilepsy ilae 1989 anterior frontopolar epilepsy anterior frontopolar seizure patterns include forced thinking or initial loss of contact and adversive movements of head and eyes, with possible evolution including contraversive movements and axial clonic jerks and falls and autonomic signs. Anterior_Frontopolar_Epilepsy ESSO:Anterior_Frontopolar_Region Anterior_Frontopolar_Region anterior frontopolar region Anterior_Frontopolar_Region ESSO:Anterior_Region Anterior_Region anterior region Anterior_Region ESSO:Anterograde_Amnesia Anterograde_Amnesia Blume 2001 Anterograd Amnesia: Impair abil to rememb new material. anterograd amnesia anterograde amnesia blume 2001 anterograde amnesia: impaired ability to remember new material. Anterograde_Amnesia ESSO:Antibody-Associated_Limbic_Encephalitis Antibody-Associated_Limbic_Encephalitis Suleiman 2013 Faciobrachi dyston seizur are seen in adult in associ with LGI1 antibodi and often preced the onset of the limbic enceph (Irani et al., 2011). Other NSAbs are less frequent found in adult with limbic enceph such as alpha amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropion acid (AMPA) and c-aminobutyr acid B (GABAB) receptor antibodi (Lai et al., 2009; Lancast et al., 2010; Boronat et al., 2011). Antibodi to glutam acid decarboxylas (GAD) have been associ with limbic enceph (Malter et al., 2010). Although GAD is an intracellular antigen and therefor GAD Abs themselv may not be pathogenic, it is possibl that unrecogn NSAbs coexist with GAD Abs (Zuliani et al., 2012). Limbic enceph has been describ in associ with a number of differ autoantibodi includ VGKC-complex Abs (Haberlandt et al., 2011; Suleiman et al., 2011a). antibody- associ limbic enceph antibody- associated limbic encephalitis suleiman 2013 faciobrachial dystonic seizures are seen in adults in association with lgi1 antibodies and often precede the onset of the limbic encephalitis (irani et al., 2011). other nsabs are less frequently found in adults with limbic encephalitis such as alpha amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (ampa) and c-aminobutyric acid b (gabab) receptor antibodies (lai et al., 2009; lancaster et al., 2010; boronat et al., 2011). antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) have been associated with limbic encephalitis (malter et al., 2010). although gad is an intracellular antigen and therefore gad abs themselves may not be pathogenic, it is possible that unrecognized nsabs coexist with gad abs (zuliani et al., 2012). limbic encephalitis has been described in association with a number of different autoantibodies including vgkc-complex abs (haberlandt et al., 2011; suleiman et al., 2011a). Antibody-Associated_Limbic_Encephalitis ESSO:Anticipation Anticipation Blume 2001 Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech anticip anticipation blume 2001 executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech Anticipation ESSO:Antisocial_Behavior Antisocial_Behavior Bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior antisoci behavior antisocial behavior bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior Antisocial_Behavior ESSO:Aperiodic_Period Aperiodic_Period Noachter 1999 Aperiodic: Appli to: (1) EEG wave or complex occur in a sequenc at an irregular rate, (2) EEG wave or complex occur intermitt at irregular intervals. aperiod period aperiodic period noachter 1999 aperiodic: applies to: (1) eeg waves or complexes occurring in a sequence at an irregular rate, (2) eeg waves or complexes occurring intermittently at irregular intervals. Aperiodic_Period ESSO:Apnea Apnea apnea Apnea ESSO:Arch_Shaped_Wave Arch_Shaped_Wave Noachter 1999 Mu Rhythm: Rhythm at 7-11 Hz, compos of arch-shap wave occur over the central or centropariet region of the scalp dure wakefulness. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 uV. Block or attenu most clear by contralater movement, thought of movement, readi to move or tactil stimulation. Greek letter: u. Synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythm (use discouraged). arch shape wave arch shaped wave noachter 1999 mu rhythm: rhythm at 7-11 hz, composed of arch-shaped waves occurring over the central or centroparietal regions of the scalp during wakefulness. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 uv. blocked or attenuated most clearly by contralateral movement, thought of movement, readiness to move or tactile stimulation. greek letter: u. synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythms (use discouraged). Arch_Shaped_Wave ESSO:Arching Arching Bancaus 1981 Head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch arch arching bancaus 1981 head may be drawn backwards and the trunk may arch Arching ESSO:Arm Arm Arm ESSO:Arousal Arousal Noachter 1999 Chang from a lower to a higher level of arous as manifest in EEG. arous arousal noachter 1999 change from a lower to a higher level of arousal as manifest in eeg. Arousal ESSO:Arrhythmic_Activity Arrhythmic_Activity Noachter 1999 Arrhythmic activity: A sequenc of wave of inconst period (see rhythm). arrhythm activ arrhythmic activity noachter 1999 arrhythmic activity: a sequence of waves of inconstant period (see rhythm). Arrhythmic_Activity ESSO:Asomatognosia Asomatognosia Loss of Aware of part/half of the bodi asomatognosia loss of awareness of part/half of the body Asomatognosia ESSO:Astrocytoma Astrocytoma Engel 2001 Astrocytoma astrocytoma engel 2001 astrocytomas Astrocytoma ESSO:Asymmetrical Asymmetrical Bancaud 1981 Asymmetr Luder 1998 Bilater Asymmetr Bilater asymmetric, axial, and generalized. The term bilater asymmetric, axial, and general also refer strict to the somatotop local of the clinic semiology. Bilater asymmetr mean that the symptom occur in a bilater distribut but had a signific degre of asymmetry. The term suggest that the patient has a focal epilepsy. Blume 2001 Asymmetrical: Clear distinct in quantiti and/or distribut of behavior on the two sides. Noachter 1999 asymmetr asymmetrical bancaud 1981 asymmetrical luders 1998 bilateral asymmetric bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized. the terms bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized also refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the clinical semiology. bilateral asymmetric means that the symptoms occurred in a bilateral distribution but had a significant degree of asymmetry. the term suggests that the patient has a focal epilepsy. blume 2001 asymmetrical: clear distinction in quantity and/or distribution of behavior on the two sides. noachter 1999 Asymmetrical ESSO:Asymmetrical_Semiology Asymmetrical_Semiology asymmetr semiolog asymmetrical semiology Asymmetrical_Semiology ESSO:Asymmetry_EEG Asymmetry_EEG Noachter 1999 Asymmetry: Unequal amplitud of EEG activ over homolog area on opposit side of the head. asymmetri e e g asymmetry e e g noachter 1999 asymmetry: unequal amplitude of eeg activities over homologous areas on opposite sides of the head. Asymmetry_EEG ESSO:Asynchronous Asynchronous Bancaud 1981 Asynchron Blume 2001 Asynchronous: Motor event occur not at the same time or at the same rate in set of bodi parts. Noachter 1999 Independ (temporally): Synonym: asynchronous. asynchron asynchronous bancaud 1981 asynchronous blume 2001 asynchronous: motor events occurring not at the same time or at the same rate in sets of body parts. noachter 1999 independent (temporally): synonym: asynchronous. Asynchronous ESSO:Asynchrony_EEG Asynchrony_EEG Noachter 1999 Asynchrony: The non-simultan occurr of EEG activ over region on the same or opposit side of the head. asynchroni e e g asynchrony e e g noachter 1999 asynchrony: the non-simultaneous occurrence of eeg activities over regions on the same or opposite sides of the head. Asynchrony_EEG ESSO:Atonia Atonia atonia Atonia ESSO:Attention Attention Blume 2001 Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech attent attention blume 2001 components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech Attention ESSO:Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD attent deficit hyperact disord a d h d attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a d h d Attention_Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder_ADHD ESSO:Attention_Test Attention_Test attent test attention test Attention_Test ESSO:Attenuation Attenuation attenu attenuation Attenuation ESSO:Atypical_Hypsarrhythmia Atypical_Hypsarrhythmia atyp hypsarrhythmia atypical hypsarrhythmia Atypical_Hypsarrhythmia ESSO:Atypical_Period Atypical_Period atyp period atypical period Atypical_Period ESSO:Atypical_Spike_and_Slow_Wave_Complex Atypical_Spike_and_Slow_Wave_Complex atyp spike and slow wave complex atypical spike and slow wave complex Atypical_Spike_and_Slow_Wave_Complex ESSO:Auditory_Illusion Auditory_Illusion auditori illus auditory illusion Auditory_Illusion ESSO:Auditory_Sensation Auditory_Sensation Bancaud 1981 Auditori Symptom Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. auditori sensat auditory sensation bancaud 1981 auditory symptom blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. Auditory_Sensation ESSO:Auditory_Sensation_Abnormal Auditory_Sensation_Abnormal Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. auditori sensat abnorm auditory sensation abnormal blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. Auditory_Sensation_Abnormal ESSO:Auditory_Sensation_Normal Auditory_Sensation_Normal Not a semiolog auditori sensat normal auditory sensation normal not a semiology Auditory_Sensation_Normal ESSO:Autoimmune_Diseases Autoimmune_Diseases Suleiman 2013 Criteria and support featur to suspect autoimmun epilepsi in children with seizures: The follow two clinic criteria are use to suspect autoimmun epilepsi associ with NSAbs and GAD antibodi (both are needed) 1 Acute or subacut (<12 weeks) onset of symptoms. 2 Exclusion of other caus (CNS infection, trauma, toxic, tumor, metabolic, previous CNS disease). The follow support featur would strengthen the suspicion of autoimmun epilepsi (patient should have at least 1 of the following): 1 The presenc of a well-defin clinic syndrom such as NMDAR or limbic enceph 2 CNS inflamm manifest by at least one of: a CSF pleocytosi (defin as >5 white cells/mm3) or presenc of oligoclon bands, elev IgG index, or elev neopterin (defin as >30 nM) b MRI abnorm compat with an inflammatori or autoimmun enceph includ increas signal in the mesiotempor lobe (LE – like syndrome) c Inflammatori neuropatholog on biopsi 3 Histori of other antibodi mediat condit (e.g., myasthenia gravis), organ specif autoimmun or other autoimmun disorders. (It is recogn that epilepsi is more common in mani autoimmun disord includ multipl sclerosis, system lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabet mellitus (T1DM), celiac disease, and autoimmun thyroid diseas (Vincent & Crino, 2011).) 4 Respons to immunotherapi Classif categori of suspect autoimmun epilepsi in children identifi use the criteria and support featur in Tabl 1 (Zuliani et al., modified) Classif categori express the likelihood of autoimmun epilepsi base on the presenc of NSAbs and GAD Abs and the respons to immunotherapi (see Fig. 1): Definit autoimmun epilepsi is present if: Known NSAbs are present in serum or CSF AND there is respons to immunotherapi Probabl autoimmun epilepsi is present if Known NSAbs are present and no immunotherapi respons demonstr (immunotherapi unsuccess or not given) OR GAD antibodi are present AND there is respons to immunotherapi Possibl autoimmun epilepsi is present if known NSAbs are negat and GAD antibodi are present and no immunotherapi respons demonstr (unsuccess or not given) OR GAD antibodi are negat and there is a respons to immunotherapi Unlike autoimmun epilepsi is present if Known NSAbs and GAD are negat and there is no respons to immunotherapi Unknown autoimmun epilepsy(a) is present if Known NSAbs and GAD are negat and immunotherapi is not given (a)Pati in this categori may move to a differ categori if they receiv immunotherapy, such as “possible” if they respond or “unlikely” if they did not respond to immunotherapy. autoimmun diseas autoimmune diseases suleiman 2013 criteria and supportive features to suspect autoimmune epilepsy in children with seizures: the following two clinical criteria are used to suspect autoimmune epilepsy associated with nsabs and gad antibodies (both are needed) 1 acute or subacute (<12 weeks) onset of symptoms. 2 exclusion of other causes (cns infection, trauma, toxic, tumor, metabolic, previous cns disease). the following supportive features would strengthen the suspicion of autoimmune epilepsy (patients should have at least 1 of the following): 1 the presence of a well-defined clinical syndrome such as nmdar or limbic encephalitis 2 cns inflammation manifested by at least one of: a csf pleocytosis (defined as >5 white cells/mm3) or presence of oligoclonal bands, elevated igg index, or elevated neopterin (defined as >30 nm) b mri abnormality compatible with an inflammatory or autoimmune encephalitis including increased signal in the mesiotemporal lobe (le – like syndrome) c inflammatory neuropathology on biopsy 3 history of other antibody mediated condition (e.g., myasthenia gravis), organ specific autoimmunity or other autoimmune disorders. (it is recognized that epilepsy is more common in many autoimmune disorders including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm), celiac disease, and autoimmune thyroid disease (vincent & crino, 2011).) 4 response to immunotherapy classification categories of suspected autoimmune epilepsy in children identified using the criteria and supportive features in table 1 (zuliani et al., modified) classification categories expressing the likelihood of autoimmune epilepsy based on the presence of nsabs and gad abs and the response to immunotherapy (see fig. 1): definite autoimmune epilepsy is present if: known nsabs are present in serum or csf and there is response to immunotherapy probable autoimmune epilepsy is present if known nsabs are present and no immunotherapy responsiveness demonstrated (immunotherapy unsuccessful or not given) or gad antibodies are present and there is response to immunotherapy possible autoimmune epilepsy is present if known nsabs are negative and gad antibodies are present and no immunotherapy responsiveness demonstrated (unsuccessful or not given) or gad antibodies are negative and there is a response to immunotherapy unlikely autoimmune epilepsy is present if known nsabs and gad are negative and there is no response to immunotherapy unknown autoimmune epilepsy(a) is present if known nsabs and gad are negative and immunotherapy is not given (a)patients in this category may move to a different category if they receive immunotherapy, such as “possible” if they respond or “unlikely” if they did not respond to immunotherapy. Autoimmune_Diseases ESSO:Autoimmune_Thyroid_Disease Autoimmune_Thyroid_Disease autoimmun thyroid diseas autoimmune thyroid disease d0000376 Autoimmune_Thyroid_Disease ESSO:Autonomic_Sign Autonomic_Sign Luder 1998 Seizur consist primarili of autonom symptom are rare. Usually, they are detect by the patient report symptom secondari to the autonom alteration, e.g., palpit or ‘‘hot flashes.” Occasionally, they can be document by appropri monitor (e.g., Holter monitor). We classifi these episod as “autonom auras” when the patient has symptom most probabl produc by an autonom alter but we do not have object proof of the autonom disturbance. In contrast, we classifi such episod as “autonom seizures” when we have object proof of the autonom alter whether the patient is awar of the autonom disturb or not. autonom sign autonomic sign luders 1998 seizures consisting primarily of autonomic symptoms are rare. usually, they are detected by the patient reporting symptoms secondary to the autonomic alteration, e.g., palpitations or ‘‘hot flashes.” occasionally, they can be documented by appropriate monitoring (e.g., holter monitor). we classify these episodes as “autonomic auras” when the patient has symptoms most probably produced by an autonomic alteration but we do not have objective proof of the autonomic disturbance. in contrast, we classify such episodes as “autonomic seizures” when we have objective proof of the autonomic alteration whether the patient is aware of the autonomic disturbance or not. Autonomic_Sign ESSO:Autonomic_Symptoms Autonomic_Symptoms autonom symptom autonomic symptoms Autonomic_Symptoms ESSO:Autosomal-Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy_ADNFLE Autosomal-Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy_ADNFLE Engel 2001 Autosom Domin Nocturn Frontal Lobe Epilepsi Engel 2006 Autosom Domin Nocturn Frontal Lobe Epilepsi ILAE 2010 Autosom Domin Nocturn Frontal Lobe Epilepsi (ADNFLE) autosomal- domin nocturn frontal lobe epilepsi a d n f l e autosomal- dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy a d n f l e engel 2001 autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy engel 2006 autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy ilae 2010 autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (adnfle) Autosomal-Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy_ADNFLE ESSO:Autosomal_Dominant_Epilepsy_with_Auditory_Features_ADEAF Autosomal_Dominant_Epilepsy_with_Auditory_Features_ADEAF ILAE 2010 Autosom Domin Epilepsi with Auditori Featur (ADEAF) autosom domin epilepsi with auditori featur a d e a f autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features a d e a f ilae 2010 autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features (adeaf) Autosomal_Dominant_Epilepsy_with_Auditory_Features_ADEAF ESSO:Autosomal_Dominant_Inheritance Autosomal_Dominant_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit autosom domin inherit autosomal dominant inheritance bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition Autosomal_Dominant_Inheritance ESSO:Autosomal_Inheritance Autosomal_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit autosom inherit autosomal inheritance bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition Autosomal_Inheritance ESSO:Autosomal_Recessive_Inheritance Autosomal_Recessive_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit autosom recess inherit autosomal recessive inheritance bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition Autosomal_Recessive_Inheritance ESSO:Awake Awake awak awake Awake ESSO:Awakening Awakening Bancaud 1981 Awake feel stiff and sore all over awaken awakening bancaud 1981 awakes feeling stiff and sore all over Awakening ESSO:Awareness Awareness Bancaud 1981 Patient contact with event dure the period in question and it recal awar awareness bancaud 1981 patient's contact with events during the period in question and its recall Awareness ESSO:Axial Axial Luder 1998 Axial Bilater asymmetric, axial, and generalized. The term bilater asymmetric, axial, and general also refer strict to the somatotop local of the clinic semiology. Bilater asymmetr mean that the symptom occur in a bilater distribut but had a signific degre of asymmetry. The term suggest that the patient has a focal epilepsy. The modifi general is use when the manifest occur in a relat widespread distribut and there is approxim equal involv of both side and of the distal and proxim segments. The modifi “axial” is use when the manifest involv predomin the muscl of the trunk and the proxim muscl of the extremities. Usualli patient who have axial or general seizur have general epilepsy. However, some patient with focal epilepsi may have axial or general seizur and, vice versa, patient with general epilepsi may have seizur that includ signific focal elements. In other words, the relationship between clinic semiolog and epilept syndrom is not one to one. Blume 2001 Axial: Involv trunk, includ neck. axial luders 1998 axial bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized. the terms bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized also refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the clinical semiology. bilateral asymmetric means that the symptoms occurred in a bilateral distribution but had a significant degree of asymmetry. the term suggests that the patient has a focal epilepsy. the modifier generalized is used when the manifestations occur in a relatively widespread distribution and there is approximately equal involvement of both sides and of the distal and proximal segments. the modifier “axial” is used when the manifestations involve predominantly the muscles of the trunk and the proximal muscles of the extremities. usually patients who have axial or generalized seizures have generalized epilepsy. however, some patients with focal epilepsy may have axial or generalized seizures and, vice versa, patients with generalized epilepsies may have seizures that include significant focal elements. in other words, the relationship between clinical semiology and epileptic syndromes is not one to one. blume 2001 axial: involves trunk, including neck. Axial ESSO:Background_Abnormal Background_Abnormal background abnorm background abnormal bancaud 1981 background abnormal Background_Abnormal ESSO:Background_Activity Background_Activity Bancaud 1981 Background activ normal Noachter 1999 Background activity: Ani EEG activ repres the set in which a given normal or abnorm pattern appear and from which such pattern is distinguished. Comment: not a synonym of ani individu rhythm such as the alpha rhythm. background activ background activity bancaud 1981 background activity normal noachter 1999 background activity: any eeg activity representing the setting in which a given normal or abnormal pattern appears and from which such pattern is distinguished. comment: not a synonym of any individual rhythm such as the alpha rhythm. Background_Activity ESSO:Background_Asymmetry Background_Asymmetry background asymmetri background asymmetry Background_Asymmetry ESSO:Background_Fast_Activity Background_Fast_Activity background fast activ background fast activity Background_Fast_Activity ESSO:Background_Symmetry Background_Symmetry background symmetri background symmetry Background_Symmetry ESSO:Bacterial_Meningitis Bacterial_Meningitis Engel 2001 Bacteri mening bacteri mening bacterial meningitis engel 2001 bacterial meningitis Bacterial_Meningitis ESSO:Bad_Mood Bad_Mood bad mood Bad_Mood ESSO:Band Band Noachter 1999 Band: Portion of EEG frequenc spectrum, i.e. delta, theta, alpha, beta bands. band noachter 1999 band: portion of eeg frequency spectrum, i.e. delta, theta, alpha, beta bands. Band ESSO:Behavioral_Arrest Behavioral_Arrest Stop in the middl of an activ behavior arrest behavioral arrest stopping in the middle of an activity Behavioral_Arrest ESSO:Behavioral_Sign Behavioral_Sign JB: Both in all, not go to be word use for epilepsi diagnosis. NO behavior sign behavioral sign jb: both in all, not going to be words used for epilepsy diagnosis. no Behavioral_Sign ESSO:Belching Belching JB: Irrelev belch belching jb: irrelevant Belching ESSO:Benign_Centrotemporal_Epilepsy Benign_Centrotemporal_Epilepsy benign centrotempor epilepsi benign centrotemporal epilepsy for someth like Benign Centrotempor Epilepsy, it’ a defin feature. (negation?) for something like benign centrotemporal epilepsy, it’s a defining feature. (negation?) Benign_Centrotemporal_Epilepsy ESSO:Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_with_CentroTemporal_Spikes Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_with_CentroTemporal_Spikes ILAE 1989 Benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spike Benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spike is a syndrom of brief, simple, partial, hemifaci motor seizures, frequent have associ somatosensori symptom which have a tendenc to evolv into GTCS. Both seizur type are often relat to sleep. Onset occur between the age of 3 and 13 year (peak 9-10 years), and recoveri occur befor the age of 15-16 years. Genet predisposit is frequent, and there is male predominance. The EEG has blunt high-voltag centrotempor spikes, often follow by slow wave that are activ by sleep and tend to spread or shift from side to side. Engel 2001 Benign Childhood Epilepsi with Centrotempor Spike benign childhood epilepsi with centro tempor spike benign childhood epilepsy with centro temporal spikes ilae 1989 benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is a syndrome of brief, simple, partial, hemifacial motor seizures, frequently having associated somatosensory symptoms which have a tendency to evolve into gtcs. both seizure types are often related to sleep. onset occurs between the ages of 3 and 13 years (peak 9-10 years), and recovery occurs before the age of 15-16 years. genetic predisposition is frequent, and there is male predominance. the eeg has blunt high-voltage centrotemporal spikes, often followed by slow waves that are activated by sleep and tend to spread or shift from side to side. engel 2001 benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_with_CentroTemporal_Spikes ESSO:Benign_Epilepsy_of_Childhood_with_Central_Temporal_Spikes_BECTS Benign_Epilepsy_of_Childhood_with_Central_Temporal_Spikes_BECTS ILAE 2010 Benign Epilepsi of Childhood with Central Tempor Spike (BECTS) Fischer 2014 It make littl sens to say that someon has an epilepsi syndrom but not epilepsy. If evid exist for an epilepsi syndrome, then epilepsi may be presum to be present, even if the risk of subsequ seizur is low. benign epilepsi of childhood with central tempor spike b e c t s benign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes b e c t s ilae 2010 benign epilepsy of childhood with central temporal spikes (bects) fischer 2014 it makes little sense to say that someone has an epilepsy syndrome but not epilepsy. if evidence exists for an epilepsy syndrome, then epilepsy may be presumed to be present, even if the risk of subsequent seizures is low. Benign_Epilepsy_of_Childhood_with_Central_Temporal_Spikes_BECTS ESSO:Benign_Epileptiform Benign_Epileptiform benign epileptiform Benign_Epileptiform ESSO:Benign_Epileptiform_Discharges_of_Childhood Benign_Epileptiform_Discharges_of_Childhood Noachter 1999 Benign epileptiform discharg of childhood: Region or multiregion sharp waves, which are normal follow by a negat slow wave with lower amplitud than the negat peak of the sharp wave and which typic show a bipolar distribut with a posit sink in the mid frontal region. These sharp wave often have a multiregion distribut and are easi to recogn by their typic morphology. If they occur in the centrotempor region, they are also call \"Roland spikes\". They typic increas dure sleep and tend to appear in series. benign epileptiform discharg of childhood benign epileptiform discharges of childhood noachter 1999 benign epileptiform discharges of childhood: regional or multiregional sharp waves, which are normally followed by a negative slow wave with lower amplitude than the negative peak of the sharp wave and which typically show a bipolar distribution with a positive sink in the mid frontal region. these sharp waves often have a multiregional distribution and are easy to recognize by their typical morphology. if they occur in the centrotemporal region, they are also called \"rolandic spikes\". they typically increase during sleep and tend to appear in series. Benign_Epileptiform_Discharges_of_Childhood ESSO:Benign_Epileptiform_Transient_of_Sleep Benign_Epileptiform_Transient_of_Sleep Noachter 1999 Benign epileptiform transient of sleep (BETS): Small sharp spike (SSS) of veri short durat and low amplitude, often follow by a small theta wave, occur in the tempor region dure drowsi and light sleep. This pattern is of littl clinic signific (see small sharp spikes). benign epileptiform transient of sleep noachter 1999 benign epileptiform transient of sleep (bets): small sharp spikes (sss) of very short duration and low amplitude, often followed by a small theta wave, occurring in the temporal regions during drowsiness and light sleep. this pattern is of little clinical significance (see small sharp spikes). Benign_Epileptiform_Transient_of_Sleep ESSO:Benign_Familial_Infantile_Epilepsy Benign_Familial_Infantile_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Benign Famili Infantil Seizur ILAE 2010 Benign Famili Infantil Epilepsi benign famili infantil epilepsi benign familial infantile epilepsy engel 2001 benign familial infantile seizures ilae 2010 benign familial infantile epilepsy Benign_Familial_Infantile_Epilepsy ESSO:Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Epilepsy_BFNE Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Epilepsy_BFNE ILAE 2010 Benign Famili Neonat Epilepsi (BFNE) benign famili neonat epilepsi b f n e benign familial neonatal epilepsy b f n e ilae 2010 benign familial neonatal epilepsy (bfne) Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Epilepsy_BFNE ESSO:Benign_Focal_Epilepsy Benign_Focal_Epilepsy benign focal epilepsi benign focal epilepsy d0000389 Benign_Focal_Epilepsy ESSO:Benign_Infantile_Epilepsy Benign_Infantile_Epilepsy ILAE 2010 Benign Infantil Epilepsi benign infantil epilepsi benign infantile epilepsy ilae 2010 benign infantile epilepsy Benign_Infantile_Epilepsy ESSO:Benign_Neonatal_Convulsions Benign_Neonatal_Convulsions ILAE 1989 Benign neonat convuls are veri frequent repeat clonic or apneic seizur occur at about the fifth day of life, without known etiolog or concomit metabol disturbance. Interict EEG often show altern sharp theta waves. There is no recurr of seizures, and the psychomotor develop is not affected. benign neonat convuls benign neonatal convulsions ilae 1989 benign neonatal convulsions are very frequently repeated clonic or apneic seizures occurring at about the fifth day of life, without known etiology or concomitant metabolic disturbance. interictal eeg often shows alternating sharp theta waves. there is no recurrence of seizures, and the psychomotor development is not affected. Benign_Neonatal_Convulsions ESSO:Benign_Neonatal_Familial_Convulsions Benign_Neonatal_Familial_Convulsions ILAE 1989 Benign neonat famili convuls are rare, domin inherit disord manifest most on the second and third day of life, with clonic or apneic seizur and no specif EEG criteria. Histori and investig reveal no etiolog factors. About 14% of these patient later develop epilepsy. benign neonat famili convuls benign neonatal familial convulsions ilae 1989 benign neonatal familial convulsions are rare, dominantly inherited disorders manifesting mostly on the second and third days of life, with clonic or apneic seizures and no specific eeg criteria. history and investigations reveal no etiologic factors. about 14% of these patients later develop epilepsy. Benign_Neonatal_Familial_Convulsions ESSO:Benign_Neonatal_Seizures_BNS Benign_Neonatal_Seizures_BNS ILAE 2010 Benign Neonat Seizur (BNS) benign neonat seizur b n s benign neonatal seizures b n s ilae 2010 benign neonatal seizures (bns) Benign_Neonatal_Seizures_BNS ESSO:Benign_Occipital_Epilepsy Benign_Occipital_Epilepsy benign occipit epilepsi benign occipital epilepsy d0000397 Benign_Occipital_Epilepsy ESSO:Benign_Rolandic_Epilepsy_of_Childhood_BREC Benign_Rolandic_Epilepsy_of_Childhood_BREC benign roland epilepsi of childhood b r e c benign rolandic epilepsy of childhood b r e c d0000398 Benign_Rolandic_Epilepsy_of_Childhood_BREC ESSO:Beta_Band_Frequency Beta_Band_Frequency Noachter 1999 Beta band: Frequenc band from 14 to 40 Hz. Greek letter: Beta (see gamma band). beta band frequenc beta band frequency noachter 1999 beta band: frequency band from 14 to 40 hz. greek letter: beta (see gamma band). Beta_Band_Frequency ESSO:Beta_Rhythm Beta_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Beta rhythm: In general: ani EEG rhythm between 14 and 40 Hz. Most characteristically: a rhythm from 14 to 40 Hz record over the frontocentr region of the head dure wakefulness. Amplitud of frontocentr beta rhythm vari but is most below 30uV Block or attenu by contralater movement or tactil stimul is especi obvious in electrocorticograms. Other beta rhythm are most promin in other locat or are diffuse. beta rhythm noachter 1999 beta rhythm: in general: any eeg rhythm between 14 and 40 hz. most characteristically: a rhythm from 14 to 40 hz recorded over the frontocentral regions of the head during wakefulness. amplitude of frontocentral beta rhythm varies but is mostly below 30uv blocking or attenuation by contralateral movement or tactile stimulation is especially obvious in electrocorticograms. other beta rhythms are most prominent in other locations or are diffuse. Beta_Rhythm ESSO:Beta_Wave Beta_Wave 1/14-1/40s beta wave Beta_Wave ESSO:Bilateral Bilateral Bancaud 1981 Bilater Luder 1998 Bilater Asymmetr Bilater asymmetric, axial, and generalized. The term bilater asymmetric, axial, and general also refer strict to the somatotop local of the clinic semiology. Bilater asymmetr mean that the symptom occur in a bilater distribut but had a signific degre of asymmetry. The term suggest that the patient has a focal epilepsy. Noachter 1999 Bilateral: Involv both side of the head. Blume 2001 I 6.0 Gener 
(syn. bilateral) A seizur whose initi semiolog indicates, or is consist with, more than minim involv of both cerebr hemispheres. Blume 2001 II 4.1.2 Generalized: More than minim involv of each side as a motor, elementari sensory, or autonom phenomenon. Motor compon can be further modifi as asymmetr and symmetrical. bancaud 1981 bilateral luders 1998 bilateral asymmetric bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized. the terms bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized also refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the clinical semiology. bilateral asymmetric means that the symptoms occurred in a bilateral distribution but had a significant degree of asymmetry. the term suggests that the patient has a focal epilepsy. noachter 1999 bilateral: involving both sides of the head. blume 2001 i 6.0 generalized 
(syn. bilateral) a seizure whose initial semiology indicates, or is consistent with, more than minimal involvement of both cerebral hemispheres. blume 2001 ii 4.1.2 generalized: more than minimal involvement of each side as a motor, elementary sensory, or autonomic phenomenon. motor component can be further modified as asymmetrical and symmetrical. bilater bilateral Bilateral ESSO:Bilateral_EEG Bilateral_EEG Noachter 1999 Bilateral: Involv both side of the head. bilater e e g bilateral e e g noachter 1999 bilateral: involving both sides of the head. Bilateral_EEG ESSO:Bilateral_Semiology Bilateral_Semiology bilater semiolog bilateral semiology Bilateral_Semiology ESSO:Biochemistry Biochemistry biochemistri biochemistry Biochemistry ESSO:Biopterins_Deficiency Biopterins_Deficiency biopterin defici biopterins deficiency d0000401 Biopterins_Deficiency ESSO:Biting Biting Bancaud 1981 Tongu may be bitten bancaud 1981 tongue may be bitten bite biting Biting ESSO:Bitter_Taste Bitter_Taste Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bitter tast bitter taste blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. Bitter_Taste ESSO:Bitter_Taste_Hallucination Bitter_Taste_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Bitter Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 bitter blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bitter tast hallucin bitter taste hallucination Bitter_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Blank_Stare Blank_Stare bancaud 1981 blandk stare blank stare Blank_Stare ESSO:Blitz-Nick-Salaam_Krampfe Blitz-Nick-Salaam_Krampfe blitz- nick- salaam krampf blitz- nick- salaam krampfe d0000403 Blitz-Nick-Salaam_Krampfe ESSO:Block Block block Block ESSO:Blood_Chemistry Blood_Chemistry blood chemistri blood chemistry Blood_Chemistry ESSO:Blood_Pressure Blood_Pressure blood pressur blood pressure Blood_Pressure ESSO:Blood_Pressure_Changes Blood_Pressure_Changes blood pressur chang blood pressure changes Blood_Pressure_Changes ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.0_Motor Blume_2001_II_1.0_Motor Blume 2001 Motor: Involv musculatur in ani form. The motor event could consist of an increas (positive) or decreas (negative) in muscl contract to produc a movement. Unless noted, the follow term are adject modifi “motor seizure” or “seizure” (e.g., “tonic motor seizur or dyston seizure”), and whose definit can usual be understood as prefac by “refer to . . .” blume 2001 i i 1.0 motor blume 2001 motor: involves musculature in any form. the motor event could consist of an increase (positive) or decrease (negative) in muscle contraction to produce a movement. unless noted, the following terms are adjectives modifying “motor seizure” or “seizure” (e.g., “tonic motor seizure or dystonic seizure”), and whose definitions can usually be understood as prefaced by “refers to . . .” Blume_2001_II_1.0_Motor ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.1_Epileptic_Spasm Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.1_Epileptic_Spasm Blume 2001 Epilept Spasm (Former Infantil Spasm): Noun: A sudden flexion, extension, or mix extension–flexion of predomin proxim and truncal muscl that is usual more sustain than a myoclon movement but not so sustain as a tonic seizur (i.e., ∼1 s). Limit form may occur: grimacing, head nodding. Epilept spasm frequent occur in clusters. blume 2001 epileptic spasm (formerly infantile spasm): noun: a sudden flexion, extension, or mixed extension–flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles that is usually more sustained than a myoclonic movement but not so sustained as a tonic seizure (i.e., ∼1 s). limited forms may occur: grimacing, head nodding. epileptic spasms frequently occur in clusters. blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.1 epilept spasm blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.1 epileptic spasm Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.1_Epileptic_Spasm ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2.1_Versive Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2.1_Versive Blume 2001 Versive: A sustained, forc conjug ocular, cephalic, and/or truncal rotat or later deviat from the midline. blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.2.1 versiv blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.2.1 versive blume 2001 versive: a sustained, forced conjugate ocular, cephalic, and/or truncal rotation or lateral deviation from the midline. Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2.1_Versive ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2.2_Dystonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2.2_Dystonic Blume 2001 Dystonic: Sustain contract of both agonist and antagonist muscl produc athetoid or twist movements, which, when prolonged, may produc abnorm postures. blume 2001 dystonic: sustained contractions of both agonist and antagonist muscles producing athetoid or twisting movements, which, when prolonged, may produce abnormal postures. blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.2.2 dyston blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.2.2 dystonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2.2_Dystonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2_Postural Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2_Postural Blume 2001 Postural: Adoption of a postur that may be bilater symmetr or asymmetr (as in a “fenc posture”).
 blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.2 postur blume 2001 i i 1.1.1.2 postural blume 2001 postural: adoption of a posture that may be bilaterally symmetric or asymmetric (as in a “fencing posture”).
 Blume_2001_II_1.1.1.2_Postural ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.1_Tonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.1_Tonic Blume 2001 Tonic: A sustain increas in muscl contract last a few second to minutes. blume 2001 i i 1.1.1 tonic blume 2001 tonic: a sustained increase in muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes. Blume_2001_II_1.1.1_Tonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.1_Negative_Myoclonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.1_Negative_Myoclonic Blume 2001 Negat Myoclonic: Interrupt of tonic muscular activ for <500 ms without evid of preced myoclonia. blume 2001 i i 1.1.2.1 negat myoclon blume 2001 i i 1.1.2.1 negative myoclonic blume 2001 negative myoclonic: interruption of tonic muscular activity for <500 ms without evidence of preceding myoclonia. Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.1_Negative_Myoclonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.2.1_Jacksonian_March Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.2.1_Jacksonian_March Blume 2001 Noun: Tradit term indic spread of clonic movement through contigu bodi part unilaterally. blume 2001 i i 1.1.2.2.1 jacksonian march blume 2001 noun: traditional term indicating spread of clonic movements through contiguous body parts unilaterally. Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.2.1_Jacksonian_March ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.2_Clonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.2_Clonic Blume 2001 Clonic: Myoclonus that is regular repetitive, involv the same muscl groups, at a frequenc of ∼2–3 c/s, and is prolonged. Synonym: rhythmic myoclonus. blume 2001 clonic: myoclonus that is regularly repetitive, involves the same muscle groups, at a frequency of ∼2–3 c/s, and is prolonged. synonym: rhythmic myoclonus. blume 2001 i i 1.1.2.2 clonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.2.2_Clonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.2_Myoclonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.2_Myoclonic Blume 2001 Myoclon Myoclon (adjective); Myoclon (noun) Sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntari singl or multipl contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscl group of variabl topographi (axial, proxim limb, distal). blume 2001 i i 1.1.2 myoclon blume 2001 i i 1.1.2 myoclonic blume 2001 myoclonic myoclonic (adjective); myoclonic (noun) sudden, brief (<100 ms) involuntary single or multiple contraction(s) of muscles(s) or muscle groups of variable topography (axial, proximal limb, distal). Blume_2001_II_1.1.2_Myoclonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.3.1_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizure Blume_2001_II_1.1.3.1_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizure Blume 2001 Gener Tonic-Clon Seizur 
(syn. bilater tonic–clon seizure) (Former “Grand Mal” Seizure) Noun: Bilater symmetr tonic contract and then bilater clonic contract of somat muscles, usual associ with autonom phenomena. blume 2001 generalized tonic-clonic seizure 
(syn. bilateral tonic–clonic seizure) (formerly “grand mal” seizure) noun: bilateral symmetric tonic contraction and then bilateral clonic contractions of somatic muscles, usually associated with autonomic phenomena. blume 2001 i i 1.1.3.1 general tonic- clonic seizur blume 2001 i i 1.1.3.1 generalized tonic- clonic seizure Blume_2001_II_1.1.3.1_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizure ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.3_Tonic-Clonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.3_Tonic-Clonic Blume 2001 Tonic Clonic: A sequenc consist of a tonic follow by a clonic phase. Variant such as clonic–tonic–clon may be seen. blume 2001 i i 1.1.3 tonic- clonic blume 2001 tonic clonic: a sequence consisting of a tonic followed by a clonic phase. variants such as clonic–tonic–clonic may be seen. Blume_2001_II_1.1.3_Tonic-Clonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.4_Atonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.4_Atonic Blume 2001 Atonic: Sudden loss or diminut of muscl tone without appar preced myoclon or tonic event last ~1 to 2 s, involv head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature. blume 2001 atonic: sudden loss or diminution of muscle tone without apparent preceding myoclonic or tonic event lasting ~1 to 2 s, involving head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature. blume 2001 i i 1.1.4 aton blume 2001 i i 1.1.4 atonic Blume_2001_II_1.1.4_Atonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.5_Astatic Blume_2001_II_1.1.5_Astatic Blume 2001 Astatic: Loss of erect postur that result from an atonic, myoclonic, or tonic mechanism. Synonym: drop attack. blume 2001 astatic: loss of erect posture that results from an atonic, myoclonic, or tonic mechanism. synonym: drop attack. blume 2001 i i 1.1.5 astat blume 2001 i i 1.1.5 astatic Blume_2001_II_1.1.5_Astatic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1.6_Synchronous Blume_2001_II_1.1.6_Synchronous Blume 2001 Synchron (Asynchronous): Motor event occur (not) at the same time or at the same rate in set of bodi parts. blume 2001 i i 1.1.6 synchron blume 2001 i i 1.1.6 synchronous blume 2001 synchronous (asynchronous): motor events occurring (not) at the same time or at the same rate in sets of body parts. Blume_2001_II_1.1.6_Synchronous ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.1_Elementary_Motor Blume_2001_II_1.1_Elementary_Motor Blume 2001 Elementari Motor: A singl type of contract of a muscl or group of muscl that is usual stereotyp and not decompos into phases. (However, see tonic–clonic, an elementari motor sequence). blume 2001 elementary motor: a single type of contraction of a muscle or group of muscles that is usually stereotyped and not decomposable into phases. (however, see tonic–clonic, an elementary motor sequence). blume 2001 i i 1.1 elementari motor blume 2001 i i 1.1 elementary motor Blume_2001_II_1.1_Elementary_Motor ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.01_Oroalimentary Blume_2001_II_1.2.01_Oroalimentary blume 2001 i i 1.2.01 oroalimentari blume 2001 i i 1.2.01 oroalimentary blume 2001 oroalimentary: lip smacking, lip pursing, chewing, licking, tooth grinding, or swallowing. Blume_2001_II_1.2.01_Oroalimentary ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.02_Mimetic Blume_2001_II_1.2.02_Mimetic Blume 2001 Mimetic: Facial express suggest an emot state, often fear. blume 2001 i i 1.2.02 mimet blume 2001 i i 1.2.02 mimetic blume 2001 mimetic: facial expression suggesting an emotional state, often fear. Blume_2001_II_1.2.02_Mimetic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.03_Manual_Or_Pedal Blume_2001_II_1.2.03_Manual_Or_Pedal Blume 2001 Manual or Pedal: 1. Indicat princip distal components, bilater or unilateral. 2. Fumbling, tapping, manipul movements. blume 2001 i i 1.2.03 manual or pedal blume 2001 manual or pedal: 1. indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral. 2. fumbling, tapping, manipulating movements. Blume_2001_II_1.2.03_Manual_Or_Pedal ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.04_Gestural Blume_2001_II_1.2.04_Gestural Blume 2001 Gestural: Often unilateral. Fumbl or exploratori movement with the hand, direct toward self or environment. Movement resembl those intend to lend further emot tone to speech. blume 2001 gestural: often unilateral. fumbling or exploratory movements with the hand, directed toward self or environment. movements resembling those intended to lend further emotional tone to speech. blume 2001 i i 1.2.04 gestur blume 2001 i i 1.2.04 gestural Blume_2001_II_1.2.04_Gestural ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.05_Hyperkinetic Blume_2001_II_1.2.05_Hyperkinetic Blume 2001 Hyperkinetic: Involv predomin proxim limb or axial muscl produc irregular sequenti ballist movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rock movements. Increas in rate of ongo movement or inappropri rapid perform of a movement. blume 2001 hyperkinetic: involves predominantly proximal limb or axial muscles producing irregular sequential ballistic movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rocking movements. increase in rate of ongoing movements or inappropriately rapid performance of a movement. blume 2001 i i 1.2.05 hyperkinet blume 2001 i i 1.2.05 hyperkinetic Blume_2001_II_1.2.05_Hyperkinetic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.06_Hypokinetic Blume_2001_II_1.2.06_Hypokinetic Blume 2001 Hypokinetic: A decreas in amplitud and/or rate or arrest of ongo motor activity. blume 2001 hypokinetic: a decrease in amplitude and/or rate or arrest of ongoing motor activity. blume 2001 i i 1.2.06 hypokinet blume 2001 i i 1.2.06 hypokinetic Blume_2001_II_1.2.06_Hypokinetic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.07_Dysphasic Blume_2001_II_1.2.07_Dysphasic Blume 2001 Dysphasic: Impair communic involv languag without dysfunct of relev primari motor or sensori pathways, manifest as impair comprehension, anomia, paraphas errors, or a combin of these. blume 2001 dysphasic: impaired communication involving language without dysfunction of relevant primary motor or sensory pathways, manifested as impaired comprehension, anomia, paraphasic errors, or a combination of these. blume 2001 i i 1.2.07 dysphas blume 2001 i i 1.2.07 dysphasic Blume_2001_II_1.2.07_Dysphasic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.08_Dyspraxic Blume_2001_II_1.2.08_Dyspraxic Blume 2001 Dyspraxic: Inabil to perform learn movement spontan or on command or imit despit intact relev motor and sensori system and adequ comprehens and cooperation. blume 2001 dyspraxic: inability to perform learned movements spontaneously or on command or imitation despite intact relevant motor and sensory systems and adequate comprehension and cooperation. blume 2001 i i 1.2.08 dysprax blume 2001 i i 1.2.08 dyspraxic Blume_2001_II_1.2.08_Dyspraxic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.09_Gelastic Blume_2001_II_1.2.09_Gelastic Blume 2001 Gelastic: Burst of laughter or giggling, usual without an appropri affect tone. blume 2001 gelastic: bursts of laughter or giggling, usually without an appropriate affective tone. blume 2001 i i 1.2.09 gelast blume 2001 i i 1.2.09 gelastic Blume_2001_II_1.2.09_Gelastic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.10_Dacrystic Blume_2001_II_1.2.10_Dacrystic Blume 2001 Dacrystic: Burst of crying. blume 2001 dacrystic: bursts of crying. blume 2001 i i 1.2.10 dacryst blume 2001 i i 1.2.10 dacrystic Blume_2001_II_1.2.10_Dacrystic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.11_Vocal Blume_2001_II_1.2.11_Vocal Blume 2001 Vocal: Singl or repetit utter consist of sound such as grunt or shrieks. blume 2001 i i 1.2.11 vocal blume 2001 vocal: single or repetitive utterances consisting of sounds such as grunts or shrieks. Blume_2001_II_1.2.11_Vocal ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.12_Verbal Blume_2001_II_1.2.12_Verbal Blume 2001 Verbal: Singl or repetit utter consist of words, phrases, or brief sentences. blume 2001 i i 1.2.12 verbal blume 2001 verbal: single or repetitive utterances consisting of words, phrases, or brief sentences. Blume_2001_II_1.2.12_Verbal ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.13_Spontaneous Blume_2001_II_1.2.13_Spontaneous Blume 2001 Spontaneous: Stereotyped, involv onli self, virtual independ of environment influences. blume 2001 i i 1.2.13 spontan blume 2001 i i 1.2.13 spontaneous blume 2001 spontaneous: stereotyped, involve only self, virtually independent of environmental influences. Blume_2001_II_1.2.13_Spontaneous ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2.14_Interactive Blume_2001_II_1.2.14_Interactive Blume 2001 Interactive: Not stereotyped, involv more than self, environment influenced. blume 2001 i i 1.2.14 interact blume 2001 i i 1.2.14 interactive blume 2001 interactive: not stereotyped, involve more than self, environmentally influenced. Blume_2001_II_1.2.14_Interactive ESSO:Blume_2001_II_1.2_Automatism Blume_2001_II_1.2_Automatism Blume 2001 AUTOMATISM Noun: A more or less coordinated, repetitive, motor activ usual occur when cognit is impair and for which the subject is usual amnes afterward. This often resembl a voluntari movement and may consist of an inappropri continu of ongo preictal motor activity. The follow adject are usual employ to modifi “automatism.” blume 2001 automatism noun: a more or less coordinated, repetitive, motor activity usually occurring when cognition is impaired and for which the subject is usually amnesic afterward. this often resembles a voluntary movement and may consist of an inappropriate continuation of ongoing preictal motor activity. the following adjectives are usually employed to modify “automatism.” blume 2001 i i 1.2 automat blume 2001 i i 1.2 automatism Blume_2001_II_1.2_Automatism ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.0_Non-Motor Blume_2001_II_2.0_Non-Motor Blume 2001 blume 2001 blume 2001 i i 2.0 non- motor Blume_2001_II_2.0_Non-Motor ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.1_Aura Blume_2001_II_2.1_Aura Blume 2001 Aura: Noun: A subject ictal phenomenon that, in a given patient, may preced an observ seizure; if alone, constitut a sensori seizure. blume 2001 aura: noun: a subjective ictal phenomenon that, in a given patient, may precede an observable seizure; if alone, constitutes a sensory seizure. blume 2001 i i 2.1 aura Blume_2001_II_2.1_Aura ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.1_Somatosensory Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.1_Somatosensory Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.1 somatosensori blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.1 somatosensory blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.1_Somatosensory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.2_Visual Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.2_Visual Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.2 visual blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.2_Visual ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.3_Auditory Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.3_Auditory Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.3 auditori blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.3 auditory Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.3_Auditory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.4_Olfactory Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.4_Olfactory Blume 2001 Olfactory: Odor, usual disagreeable. blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.4 olfactori blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.4 olfactory blume 2001 olfactory: odor, usually disagreeable. Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.4_Olfactory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.5_Gustatory Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.5_Gustatory Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.5 gustatori blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.5 gustatory Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.5_Gustatory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.6_Epigastric Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.6_Epigastric Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.6 epigastr blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.6 epigastric Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.6_Epigastric ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.7_Cephalic Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.7_Cephalic Blume 2001 Cephalic: Sensat in the head such as light-headedness, tingl or headache. blume 2001 cephalic: sensation in the head such as light-headedness, tingling or headache. blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.7 cephal blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.7 cephalic Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.7_Cephalic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.8_Autonomic Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.8_Autonomic Blume 2001 Autonomic: A sensat consist with involv of the autonom nervous system, includ cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatori functions. (Thus “autonom aura”; cf. “autonom events” 3.0). blume 2001 autonomic: a sensation consistent with involvement of the autonomic nervous system, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions. (thus “autonomic aura”; cf. “autonomic events” 3.0). blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.8 autonom blume 2001 i i 2.2.1.8 autonomic Blume_2001_II_2.2.1.8_Autonomic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.1_Elementary Blume_2001_II_2.2.1_Elementary Blume 2001 Elementary: A single, unform phenomenon involv one primari sensori modal (e.g., somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, epigastric, or cephalic).
 blume 2001 elementary: a single, unformed phenomenon involving one primary sensory modality (e.g., somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, epigastric, or cephalic).
 blume 2001 i i 2.2.1 elementari blume 2001 i i 2.2.1 elementary Blume_2001_II_2.2.1_Elementary ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.1_Affective Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.1_Affective Blume 2001 Affective: Compon includ fear, depression, joy, and (rarely) anger. blume 2001 affective: components include fear, depression, joy, and (rarely) anger. blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.1 affect blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.1 affective Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.1_Affective ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.2_Mnemonic Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.2_Mnemonic Blume 2001 Mnemonic: Compon that reflect ictal dysmnesia such as feel of familiar (de ́ja`-vu) and unfamiliar (jamaisvu). blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.2 mnemon blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.2 mnemonic blume 2001 mnemonic: components that reflect ictal dysmnesia such as feelings of familiarity (de ́ja`-vu) and unfamiliarity (jamaisvu). Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.2_Mnemonic ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.3_Hallucinatory Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.3_Hallucinatory Blume 2001 Hallucinatory: A creation of composit percept without correspond extern stimuli involv visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatori phenomena. Example: “hearing” and “seeing” peopl talking. blume 2001 hallucinatory: a creation of composite perceptions without corresponding external stimuli involving visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatory phenomena. example: “hearing” and “seeing” people talking. blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.3 hallucinatori blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.3 hallucinatory Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.3_Hallucinatory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.4_Illusory Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.4_Illusory Blume 2001 Illusory: An alter of actual percept involv the visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatori systems. blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.4 illusori blume 2001 i i 2.2.2.4 illusory blume 2001 illusory: an alteration of actual percepts involving the visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory systems. Blume_2001_II_2.2.2.4_Illusory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2.2_Experiential Blume_2001_II_2.2.2_Experiential Blume 2001 Experiential: Affective, mnemonic, or composit perceptu phenomena includ illusori or composit hallucinatori events; these may appear alon or in combination. Include are feel of depersonalization. These phenomena have subject qualiti similar to those experienc in life but are recogn by the subject as occur outsid of actual context. blume 2001 experiential: affective, mnemonic, or composite perceptual phenomena including illusory or composite hallucinatory events; these may appear alone or in combination. included are feelings of depersonalization. these phenomena have subjective qualities similar to those experienced in life but are recognized by the subject as occurring outside of actual context. blume 2001 i i 2.2.2 experienti blume 2001 i i 2.2.2 experiential Blume_2001_II_2.2.2_Experiential ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.2_Sensory Blume_2001_II_2.2_Sensory Blume 2001 Sensory: A perceptu experi not caus by appropri stimuli in the extern world. Modifi “seizure” or “aura.” blume 2001 i i 2.2 sensori blume 2001 i i 2.2 sensory blume 2001 sensory: a perceptual experience not caused by appropriate stimuli in the external world. modifies “seizure” or “aura.” Blume_2001_II_2.2_Sensory ESSO:Blume_2001_II_2.3_Dyscognitive Blume_2001_II_2.3_Dyscognitive Blume 2001 Dyscognit The term describ event in which (1) disturb of cognit is the predomin or most appar feature, and (2a) two or more of the follow compon are involved, or (2b) involv of such compon remain undetermined. Otherwise, use the more specif term (e.g., “mnemon experienti seizure” or “hallucinatori experienti seizure”). Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 dyscognitive the term describes events in which (1) disturbance of cognition is the predominant or most apparent feature, and (2a) two or more of the following components are involved, or (2b) involvement of such components remains undetermined. otherwise, use the more specific term (e.g., “mnemonic experiential seizure” or “hallucinatory experiential seizure”). components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech blume 2001 i i 2.3 dyscognit blume 2001 i i 2.3 dyscognitive Blume_2001_II_2.3_Dyscognitive ESSO:Blume_2001_II_3.0_Autonomic_Events Blume_2001_II_3.0_Autonomic_Events blume 2001 blume 2001 i i 3.0 autonom event blume 2001 i i 3.0 autonomic events Blume_2001_II_3.0_Autonomic_Events ESSO:Blume_2001_II_3.1_Autonomic_Aura Blume_2001_II_3.1_Autonomic_Aura Blume 2001 Autonom Aura: A sensat consist with involv of the autonom nervous system, includ cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatori function (see 2.2.1.8). blume 2001 autonomic aura: a sensation consistent with involvement of the autonomic nervous system, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions (see 2.2.1.8). blume 2001 i i 3.1 autonom aura blume 2001 i i 3.1 autonomic aura Blume_2001_II_3.1_Autonomic_Aura ESSO:Blume_2001_II_3.2_Autonomic_Seizure Blume_2001_II_3.2_Autonomic_Seizure Blume 2001 Autonom Seizure: An object document and distinct alter of autonom nervous system function involv cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregular functions. blume 2001 autonomic seizure: an objectively documented and distinct alteration of autonomic nervous system function involving cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregularity functions. blume 2001 i i 3.2 autonom seizur blume 2001 i i 3.2 autonomic seizure Blume_2001_II_3.2_Autonomic_Seizure ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.0_Somatotopic_Modifiers Blume_2001_II_4.0_Somatotopic_Modifiers Blume 2001 Somatotrop Modifi blume 2001 i i 4.0 somatotop modifi blume 2001 i i 4.0 somatotopic modifiers blume 2001 somatotropic modifiers Blume_2001_II_4.0_Somatotopic_Modifiers ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1.1.1_Hemi- Blume_2001_II_4.1.1.1_Hemi- Blume 2001 Hemi: A prefix to other descriptor (e.g., hemiclonic). blume 2001 hemi: a prefix to other descriptors (e.g., hemiclonic). blume 2001 i i 4.1.1.1 hemi- Blume_2001_II_4.1.1.1_Hemi- ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1.1_Unilateral Blume_2001_II_4.1.1_Unilateral Blume 2001 Unilateral: Exclusiv or virtual exclus involv of one side as a motor, sensory, or autonom phenomenon. blume 2001 i i 4.1.1 unilater blume 2001 i i 4.1.1 unilateral blume 2001 unilateral: exclusive or virtually exclusive involvement of one side as a motor, sensory, or autonomic phenomenon. Blume_2001_II_4.1.1_Unilateral ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1.2.1_Asymmetrical Blume_2001_II_4.1.2.1_Asymmetrical Blume 2001 Asymmetrical: Clear distinct in quantiti and/or distribut of behavior on the two sides. blume 2001 asymmetrical: clear distinction in quantity and/or distribution of behavior on the two sides. blume 2001 i i 4.1.2.1 asymmetr blume 2001 i i 4.1.2.1 asymmetrical Blume_2001_II_4.1.2.1_Asymmetrical ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1.2.2_Symmetrical Blume_2001_II_4.1.2.2_Symmetrical Blume 2001 Symmetrical: Virtual bilater equal in these respects. blume 2001 i i 4.1.2.2 symmetr blume 2001 i i 4.1.2.2 symmetrical blume 2001 symmetrical: virtual bilateral equality in these respects. Blume_2001_II_4.1.2.2_Symmetrical ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1.2_Bilateral Blume_2001_II_4.1.2_Bilateral 4.1.2 Blume 2001 Generalized: More than minim involv of each side as a motor, elementari sensory, or autonom phenomenon. Motor compon can be further modifi as asymmetr and symmetrical. 4.1.2 blume 2001 generalized: more than minimal involvement of each side as a motor, elementary sensory, or autonomic phenomenon. motor component can be further modified as asymmetrical and symmetrical. blume 2001 i i 4.1.2 bilater blume 2001 i i 4.1.2 bilateral Blume_2001_II_4.1.2_Bilateral ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1.2_Generalized Blume_2001_II_4.1.2_Generalized 4.1.2 Blume 2001 Generalized: More than minim involv of each side as a motor, elementari sensory, or autonom phenomenon. Motor compon can be further modifi as asymmetr and symmetrical. 4.1.2 blume 2001 generalized: more than minimal involvement of each side as a motor, elementary sensory, or autonomic phenomenon. motor component can be further modified as asymmetrical and symmetrical. blume 2001 i i 4.1.2 general blume 2001 i i 4.1.2 generalized Blume_2001_II_4.1.2_Generalized ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.1_Laterality Blume_2001_II_4.1_Laterality Blume 2001 Later blume 2001 i i 4.1 later blume 2001 i i 4.1 laterality blume 2001 laterality Blume_2001_II_4.1_Laterality ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.2_Body_Part Blume_2001_II_4.2_Body_Part Blume 2001 Bodi Part: Refer to area involv (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). blume 2001 body part: refers to area involved (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). blume 2001 i i 4.2 bodi part blume 2001 i i 4.2 body part Blume_2001_II_4.2_Body_Part ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.3.1_Axial Blume_2001_II_4.3.1_Axial Blume 2001 Axial: Involv trunk, includ neck. blume 2001 axial: involves trunk, including neck. blume 2001 i i 4.3.1 axial Blume_2001_II_4.3.1_Axial ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.3.2_Proximal_Limb Blume_2001_II_4.3.2_Proximal_Limb Blume 2001 Proxim Limb: Signifi involv from shoulder to wrist, hip to ankle. blume 2001 i i 4.3.2 proxim limb blume 2001 i i 4.3.2 proximal limb blume 2001 proximal limb: signifies involvement from shoulders to wrist, hip to ankle. Blume_2001_II_4.3.2_Proximal_Limb ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.3.3_Distal_Limb Blume_2001_II_4.3.3_Distal_Limb Blume 2001 Distal Limb: Indicat involv of fingers, hands, toes, and/or feet. blume 2001 distal limb: indicates involvement of fingers, hands, toes, and/or feet. blume 2001 i i 4.3.3 distal limb Blume_2001_II_4.3.3_Distal_Limb ESSO:Blume_2001_II_4.3_Centricity Blume_2001_II_4.3_Centricity Blume 2001 Centricity: Modifi describ proxim to the bodi axis. blume 2001 centricity: modifier describes proximity to the body axis. blume 2001 i i 4.3 centric blume 2001 i i 4.3 centricity Blume_2001_II_4.3_Centricity ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.0_Modifiers_And_Descriptors_Of_Seizure_Timing Blume_2001_II_5.0_Modifiers_And_Descriptors_Of_Seizure_Timing Blume 2001 The follow term are list in the form (adjective, noun, verb) accord to princip usage; as adject unless specified. blume 2001 i i 5.0 modifi and descriptor of seizur time blume 2001 i i 5.0 modifiers and descriptors of seizure timing blume 2001 the following terms are listed in the form (adjective, noun, verb) according to principal usage; as adjective unless specified. Blume_2001_II_5.0_Modifiers_And_Descriptors_Of_Seizure_Timing ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1.1_Irregular Blume_2001_II_5.1.1_Irregular Blume 2001 Irregular: inconsist or unpredictable, chaotic interv between such events. blume 2001 i i 5.1.1 irregular blume 2001 irregular: inconsistent or unpredictable, chaotic intervals between such events. Blume_2001_II_5.1.1_Irregular ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1.1_Regular Blume_2001_II_5.1.1_Regular Blume 2001 Regular: Consistentor predict interv between such events. blume 2001 i i 5.1.1 regular blume 2001 regular: consistentor predictable intervals between such events. Blume_2001_II_5.1.1_Regular ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1.2_Cluster Blume_2001_II_5.1.2_Cluster Blume 2001 Cluster 1. Noun: Incidenc of seizur within a given period (usual one or a few days) that exceed the averag incid over a longer period for the patient. 2. Verb: To vari in incid as above. blume 2001 cluster 1. noun: incidence of seizures within a given period (usually one or a few days) that exceeds the average incidence over a longer period for the patient. 2. verb: to vary in incidence as above. blume 2001 i i 5.1.2 cluster Blume_2001_II_5.1.2_Cluster ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1.3.1_Reactive Blume_2001_II_5.1.3.1_Reactive Blume 2001 Reactive: Occur in associ with transient system perturb such as intercurr illness, sleep loss, or emot stress. blume 2001 i i 5.1.3.1 reactiv blume 2001 i i 5.1.3.1 reactive blume 2001 reactive: occurring in association with transient systemic perturbation such as intercurrent illness, sleep loss, or emotional stress. Blume_2001_II_5.1.3.1_Reactive ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1.3.2_Reflex Blume_2001_II_5.1.3.2_Reflex Blume 2001 Reflex: Objectiv and consist demonstr to be evok by a specif affer stimulus or by activ of the patient. Afferent stimuli can be elementari [i.e., unstructur (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elabor [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. Activiti may be elementari [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elabor [e.g., cognit function (reading, chess playing)], or both (read aloud). blume 2001 i i 5.1.3.2 reflex blume 2001 reflex: objectively and consistently demonstrated to be evoked by a specific afferent stimulus or by activity of the patient. afferent stimuli can be elementary [i.e., unstructured (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elaborate [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. activity may be elementary [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elaborate [e.g., cognitive function (reading, chess playing)], or both (reading aloud). Blume_2001_II_5.1.3.2_Reflex ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1.3_Provocative_Factor Blume_2001_II_5.1.3_Provocative_Factor Blume 2001 Provoc Factor Noun: Transient and sporad endogen or exogen element capabl of augment seizur incid in person with chronic epilepsi and evok seizur in suscept individu without epilepsy. blume 2001 i i 5.1.3 provoc factor blume 2001 i i 5.1.3 provocative factor blume 2001 provocative factor noun: transient and sporadic endogenous or exogenous element capable of augmenting seizure incidence in persons with chronic epilepsy and evoking seizures in susceptible individuals without epilepsy. Blume_2001_II_5.1.3_Provocative_Factor ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.1_Incidence Blume_2001_II_5.1_Incidence Blume 2001 Incidence: Noun: Refer to the number of epilept seizur within a time period or the number of seizur day per unit of time. blume 2001 i i 5.1 incid blume 2001 i i 5.1 incidence blume 2001 incidence: noun: refers to the number of epileptic seizures within a time period or the number of seizure days per unit of time. Blume_2001_II_5.1_Incidence ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.2_State_Dependent Blume_2001_II_5.2_State_Dependent Blume 2001 State Dependent: Occur exclus or primarili in the various stage of drowsiness, sleep, or arousal. blume 2001 i i 5.2 state depend blume 2001 i i 5.2 state dependent blume 2001 state dependent: occurring exclusively or primarily in the various stages of drowsiness, sleep, or arousal. Blume_2001_II_5.2_State_Dependent ESSO:Blume_2001_II_5.3_Catamenial Blume_2001_II_5.3_Catamenial Blume 2001 Catamenial: Seizur occur princip or exclus in ani one phase of the menstrual cycle. blume 2001 catamenial: seizures occurring principally or exclusively in any one phase of the menstrual cycle. blume 2001 i i 5.3 catameni blume 2001 i i 5.3 catamenial Blume_2001_II_5.3_Catamenial ESSO:Blume_2001_II_6.0_Duration Blume_2001_II_6.0_Duration Blume 2001 Duration: Time between the begin of initi seizur manifestations, such as the aura, and the cessat of experienc or observ seizur activity. Doe not includ nonspecif seizur premonit or postict states. blume 2001 duration: time between the beginning of initial seizure manifestations, such as the aura, and the cessation of experienced or observed seizure activity. does not include nonspecific seizure premonitions or postictal states. blume 2001 i i 6.0 durat blume 2001 i i 6.0 duration Blume_2001_II_6.0_Duration ESSO:Blume_2001_II_6.1_Status_Epilepticus Blume_2001_II_6.1_Status_Epilepticus Blume 2001 Status Epilepticus: A seizur that show no clinic sign of arrest after a durat encompass the great major of seizur of that type in most patient or recurr seizur without interict resumpt of baselin central nervous system function. blume 2001 i i 6.1 status epilepticus blume 2001 status epilepticus: a seizure that shows no clinical signs of arresting after a duration encompassing the great majority of seizures of that type in most patients or recurrent seizures without interictal resumption of baseline central nervous system function. Blume_2001_II_6.1_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Blume_2001_II_7.0_Severity Blume_2001_II_7.0_Severity Blume 2001 Severity: A multicompon assess of a seizur by observ and the patient. Compon primarili of observ assess includ duration, extent of motor involvement, impair of cognit interact with environ intra-ictally, maxim number of seizur per unit of time. Compon primarili of patient assessment: extent of injury; emotional, social, and vocat consequ of the attack. blume 2001 i i 7.0 sever blume 2001 i i 7.0 severity blume 2001 severity: a multicomponent assessment of a seizure by observers and the patient. components primarily of observer assessment include duration, extent of motor involvement, impairment of cognitive interaction with environment intra-ictally, maximal number of seizures per unit of time. components primarily of patient assessment: extent of injury; emotional, social, and vocational consequences of the attack. Blume_2001_II_7.0_Severity ESSO:Blume_2001_II_8.0_Prodrome Blume_2001_II_8.0_Prodrome Blume 2001 Prodrome: A preictal phenomenon. A subject or object clinic alter (e.g., ill-loc sensat or agitation) that herald the onset of an epilept seizur but doe not form part of it. blume 2001 i i 8.0 prodrom blume 2001 i i 8.0 prodrome blume 2001 prodrome: a preictal phenomenon. a subjective or objective clinical alteration (e.g., ill-localized sensation or agitation) that heralds the onset of an epileptic seizure but does not form part of it. Blume_2001_II_8.0_Prodrome ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.0_Postictal_Phenomenon Blume_2001_II_9.0_Postictal_Phenomenon Blume 2001 Postict Phenomenon: A transient clinic abnorm of central nervous system function that appear or becom accentu when clinic sign of the ictus have ended. blume 2001 i i 9.0 postict phenomenon blume 2001 i i 9.0 postictal phenomenon blume 2001 postictal phenomenon: a transient clinical abnormality of central nervous system function that appears or becomes accentuated when clinical signs of the ictus have ended. Blume_2001_II_9.0_Postictal_Phenomenon ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.1_Lateralizing_Phenomenon Blume_2001_II_9.1_Lateralizing_Phenomenon Blume 2001 Lateralizing: Ani unilater postict dysfunct relat to motor, language, sensory, and/or integr function includ visual, auditory, or somatosensori neglect phenomena. blume 2001 i i 9.1 later phenomenon blume 2001 i i 9.1 lateralizing phenomenon blume 2001 lateralizing: any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory, and/or integrative functions including visual, auditory, or somatosensory neglect phenomena. Blume_2001_II_9.1_Lateralizing_Phenomenon ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.2.1.1_Anterograde_Amnesia Blume_2001_II_9.2.1.1_Anterograde_Amnesia Blume 2001 Anterograd Amnesia: Impair abil to rememb new material. blume 2001 anterograde amnesia: impaired ability to remember new material. blume 2001 i i 9.2.1.1 anterograd amnesia blume 2001 i i 9.2.1.1 anterograde amnesia Blume_2001_II_9.2.1.1_Anterograde_Amnesia ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.2.1.2_Retrograde_Amnesia Blume_2001_II_9.2.1.2_Retrograde_Amnesia Blume 2001 Retrograd Amnesia: Impair abil to recal previous rememb material. blume 2001 i i 9.2.1.2 retrograd amnesia blume 2001 i i 9.2.1.2 retrograde amnesia blume 2001 retrograde amnesia: impaired ability to recall previously remembered material. Blume_2001_II_9.2.1.2_Retrograde_Amnesia ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.2.1_Impaired_Cognition Blume_2001_II_9.2.1_Impaired_Cognition Blume 2001 Impair Cognition: Decreas cognit perform involv one or more of perception, attention, emotion, memory, execution, praxis, speech (cf., Dyscognitive, 2.3). blume 2001 i i 9.2.1 impair cognit blume 2001 i i 9.2.1 impaired cognition blume 2001 impaired cognition: decreased cognitive performance involving one or more of perception, attention, emotion, memory, execution, praxis, speech (cf., dyscognitive, 2.3). Blume_2001_II_9.2.1_Impaired_Cognition ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.2.2_Psychosis Blume_2001_II_9.2.2_Psychosis Blume 2001 Psychosis: Misinterpret of extern world in an awake, alert person; involv thought disord of emot and socialization. blume 2001 i i 9.2.2 psychosi blume 2001 i i 9.2.2 psychosis blume 2001 psychosis: misinterpretation of external world in an awake, alert person; involves thought disorder of emotion and socialization. Blume_2001_II_9.2.2_Psychosis ESSO:Blume_2001_II_9.2_Non-Lateralizing_Phenomenon Blume_2001_II_9.2_Non-Lateralizing_Phenomenon Blume 2001 Non-Later Phenomenon: Impair cognition, amnesia, psychosis. blume 2001 i i 9.2 non- later phenomenon blume 2001 i i 9.2 non- lateralizing phenomenon blume 2001 non-lateralizing phenomenon: impaired cognition, amnesia, psychosis. Blume_2001_II_9.2_Non-Lateralizing_Phenomenon ESSO:Blume_2001_II_Terms_Describing_Epileptic_Seizure_Semiology Blume_2001_II_Terms_Describing_Epileptic_Seizure_Semiology Blume 2001 These are descriptor of seizur unless specifi otherwise. Engel 2006 Axis 1: Ictal phenomenology—from the Glossari of Descript Ictal Terminology, can be use to describ ictal event with ani degre of detail needed. Axis 1 of the diagnost scheme involv a detail descript of ictal phenomenolog util a glossari of descript ictal terminolog (Blume et al., 2001). This can be extrem valuabl for older patient with focal epilepsi who are be evalu for surgic resection, but is not like to be necessari in infant and young children, so it is optional. blume 2001 i i term describ epilept seizur semiolog blume 2001 i i terms describing epileptic seizure semiology blume 2001 these are descriptors of seizures unless specified otherwise. engel 2006 axis 1: ictal phenomenology—from the glossary of descriptive ictal terminology, can be used to describe ictal events with any degree of detail needed. axis 1 of the diagnostic scheme involves a detailed description of ictal phenomenology utilizing a glossary of descriptive ictal terminology (blume et al., 2001). this can be extremely valuable for older patients with focal epilepsy who are being evaluated for surgical resection, but is not likely to be necessary in infants and young children, so it is optional. Blume_2001_II_Terms_Describing_Epileptic_Seizure_Semiology ESSO:Blume_2001_ILAE_Glossary Blume_2001_ILAE_Glossary Blume 2001 INTRODUCTION This glossari intend to provid a standard terminolog for health care worker to communic what is observ and what a patient report dure a seizure. As this terminolog is descript and phenomenologic, it use would not impli or requir knowledg of ictal pathophysiology, ani patholog substrate, or etiology. Mani term are adject modifi “seizure,” which itself is defin under “gener terms.” This pertain to seizur with singl or multipl components. Term in this glossari (e.g., “seizure,” “ictus,” which have widespread applic in other field of clinic neuroscience) are herein defin accord to their refer to epilepsy. Some term of this glossari are “fundamental” (i.e., they encompass other more precis words). These can be use as the sole descriptor when data to character a phenomenon more precis are not available. Such includ aura, automatism, experiential, motor, and sensory. A seizur will often consist of two or more phenomena occur simultan or sequenti and should be describ accordingly. Quantit terms, such as durat of motor events, are not intend as immut confines, but as clarifi guid to describ clinic observ events. Scientif progress dictat an evolut of term to retain their relevance. However, need of communic in everyday life requir that chang be gradual and evolutionari rather than abrupt and revolutionary. The use of synonym in this glossari reflect incid in which gradual chang are likely. Terminolog in some area remain unresolved. Therefor we view this glossari as a dynam process for which feedback will be welcomed. PRINCIPLES FOR TERMS AND DEFINITIONS In develop the “lexique” of this report, we adopt and appli the follow principles. Term and definit should 1. Contain featur that distinguish or modifi seizur entities. 2. Be descript of the phenomena involved. 3. Compli with terminolog of clinic neuroscience. 4. Use current terminolog and definit wherev 
possible. 5. Contain new term onli if necessary. 6. Be easili translat to other languages. 7. Be readili understood and use by potenti users. 
 blume 2001 i l a e glossari blume 2001 i l a e glossary blume 2001 introduction this glossary intends to provide a standard terminology for health care workers to communicate what is observed and what a patient reports during a seizure. as this terminology is descriptive and phenomenologic, its use would not imply or require knowledge of ictal pathophysiology, any pathological substrate, or etiology. many terms are adjectives modifying “seizure,” which itself is defined under “general terms.” this pertains to seizures with single or multiple components. terms in this glossary (e.g., “seizure,” “ictus,” which have widespread applicability in other fields of clinical neuroscience) are herein defined according to their references to epilepsy. some terms of this glossary are “fundamental” (i.e., they encompass other more precise words). these can be used as the sole descriptor when data to characterize a phenomenon more precisely are not available. such include aura, automatism, experiential, motor, and sensory. a seizure will often consist of two or more phenomena occurring simultaneously or sequentially and should be described accordingly. quantitative terms, such as duration of motor events, are not intended as immutable confines, but as clarifying guides to describe clinically observed events. scientific progress dictates an evolution of terms to retain their relevance. however, needs of communication in everyday life require that changes be gradual and evolutionary rather than abrupt and revolutionary. the use of synonyms in this glossary reflects incidents in which gradual changes are likely. terminology in some areas remains unresolved. therefore we view this glossary as a dynamic process for which feedback will be welcomed. principles for terms and definitions in developing the “lexique” of this report, we adopted and applied the following principles. terms and definitions should 1. contain features that distinguish or modify seizure entities. 2. be descriptive of the phenomena involved. 3. comply with terminology of clinical neuroscience. 4. use current terminology and definitions wherever 
possible. 5. contain new terms only if necessary. 6. be easily translatable to other languages. 7. be readily understood and used by potential users. 
 Blume_2001_ILAE_Glossary ESSO:Blume_2001_I_1.0_Semiology Blume_2001_I_1.0_Semiology Blume 2001 Semiology: That branch of linguist concern with sign and symptoms. blume 2001 i 1.0 semiolog blume 2001 i 1.0 semiology blume 2001 semiology: that branch of linguistics concerned with signs and symptoms. Blume_2001_I_1.0_Semiology ESSO:Blume_2001_I_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure Blume_2001_I_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure Blume 2001 Epilept seizure: Manifestation(s) of epilept (excess and/or hypersynchronous), usual self-limit activ of neuron in the brain. blume 2001 epileptic seizure: manifestation(s) of epileptic (excessive and/or hypersynchronous), usually self-limited activity of neurons in the brain. blume 2001 i 2.0 epilept seizur blume 2001 i 2.0 epileptic seizure Blume_2001_I_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure ESSO:Blume_2001_I_3.0_Ictus Blume_2001_I_3.0_Ictus Blume 2001 Ictus: A sudden neurolog occurr such as a stroke or an epilept seizur blume 2001 i 3.0 ictus blume 2001 ictus: a sudden neurologic occurrence such as a stroke or an epileptic seizure Blume_2001_I_3.0_Ictus ESSO:Blume_2001_I_4.0_Epilepsy Blume_2001_I_4.0_Epilepsy Blume 2001 Epilepsi a) Epilept Disorder: A chronic neurolog condit character by recurr epilept seizures. b) Epilepsies: Those condit involv chronic recurr epilept seizur that can be consid epilept disorders. blume 2001 epilepsy a) epileptic disorder: a chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. b) epilepsies: those conditions involving chronic recurrent epileptic seizures that can be considered epileptic disorders. blume 2001 i 4.0 epilepsi blume 2001 i 4.0 epilepsy Blume_2001_I_4.0_Epilepsy ESSO:Blume_2001_I_4.1_Epileptic_Disorder Blume_2001_I_4.1_Epileptic_Disorder Blume 2001 Epilept Disorder: A chronic neurolog condit character by recurr epilept seizures. blume 2001 epileptic disorder: a chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. blume 2001 i 4.1 epilept disord blume 2001 i 4.1 epileptic disorder Blume_2001_I_4.1_Epileptic_Disorder ESSO:Blume_2001_I_4.2_Epilepsies Blume_2001_I_4.2_Epilepsies Blume 2001 Epilepsies: Those condit involv chronic recurr epilept seizur that can be consid epilept disorders. blume 2001 epilepsies: those conditions involving chronic recurrent epileptic seizures that can be considered epileptic disorders. blume 2001 i 4.2 epilepsi blume 2001 i 4.2 epilepsies Blume_2001_I_4.2_Epilepsies ESSO:Blume_2001_I_5.0_Focal Blume_2001_I_5.0_Focal Blume 2001 Focal 
(syn. partial) A seizur whose initi semiolog indicates, or is consist with, initi activ of onli part of one cerebr hemisphere. blume 2001 focal 
(syn. partial) a seizure whose initial semiology indicates, or is consistent with, initial activation of only part of one cerebral hemisphere. blume 2001 i 5.0 focal Blume_2001_I_5.0_Focal ESSO:Blume_2001_I_6.0_Generalized Blume_2001_I_6.0_Generalized Blume 2001 I 6.0 Gener 
(syn. bilateral) A seizur whose initi semiolog indicates, or is consist with, more than minim involv of both cerebr hemispheres. blume 2001 i 6.0 general blume 2001 i 6.0 generalized blume 2001 i 6.0 generalized 
(syn. bilateral) a seizure whose initial semiology indicates, or is consistent with, more than minimal involvement of both cerebral hemispheres. Blume_2001_I_6.0_Generalized ESSO:Blume_2001_I_7.0_Convulsion Blume_2001_I_7.0_Convulsion Blume 2001 Convulsion: Primarili a lay term. Episod of excessive, abnorm muscl contractions, usual bilateral, which may be sustain or interrupted. blume 2001 convulsion: primarily a lay term. episodes of excessive, abnormal muscle contractions, usually bilateral, which may be sustained or interrupted. blume 2001 i 7.0 convuls blume 2001 i 7.0 convulsion Blume_2001_I_7.0_Convulsion ESSO:Blume_2001_I_General_Terms Blume_2001_I_General_Terms blume 2001 i general term blume 2001 i general terms Blume_2001_I_General_Terms ESSO:Body_Mass_Index_BMI Body_Mass_Index_BMI bodi mass index b m i body mass index b m i Body_Mass_Index_BMI ESSO:Body_Measurements Body_Measurements bodi measur body measurements Body_Measurements ESSO:Body_Part Body_Part Luder 1998 Somatotop area involved. For seizur involv a distinct somatotop region, the somatotop area is specifi by simpli name the region itself. These term can be appli to all seizur mark with superscript a in Tabl 1. Examples: Left hand clonic seizur Throat somatosensori aura Left foot tonic seizur Blume 2001 Bodi Part: Refer to area involv (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). bodi part body part luders 1998 somatotopic area involved. for seizures involving a distinct somatotopic region, the somatotopic area is specified by simply naming the region itself. these terms can be applied to all seizures marked with superscript a in table 1. examples: left hand clonic seizure throat somatosensory aura left foot tonic seizure blume 2001 body part: refers to area involved (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). Body_Part ESSO:Body_Temperature Body_Temperature bodi temperatur body temperature Body_Temperature ESSO:Borborygmi Borborygmi borborygmi jb: both Borborygmi ESSO:Bowel_Movement_Involuntary Bowel_Movement_Involuntary bowel movement involuntari bowel movement involuntary jb: both Bowel_Movement_Involuntary ESSO:Bradycardia Bradycardia bradycardia Bradycardia ESSO:Brain_Hemisphere Brain_Hemisphere Bancaud 1981 Hemispher Involvement bancaud 1981 hemispheric involvement brain hemispher brain hemisphere Brain_Hemisphere ESSO:Brain_Junctions Brain_Junctions brain junction brain junctions Brain_Junctions ESSO:Brain_Part Brain_Part Blume 2001 Bodi Part: Refer to area involv (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). blume 2001 body part: refers to area involved (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). brain part Brain_Part ESSO:Brain_Quadrant Brain_Quadrant brain quadrant Brain_Quadrant ESSO:Brain_Region Brain_Region brain region Brain_Region ESSO:Brain_Stem Brain_Stem Trancr 2005 The Brainstem, which consist of the medulla, pon and midbrain is an import control centr for function such as respiration, arteri pressure, heart rate and the mainten of equilibrium. It also contain ascend and descend tract as well as Structures: Medulla Midbrain Pon Information: The brainstem consist of the medulla oblongata, the pon and the midbrain. For further detail see individu card for medulla, pon and midbrain. brain stem trancred 2005 the brainstem, which consists of the medulla, pons and midbrain is an important control centre for functions such as respiration, arterial pressure, heart rate and the maintenance of equilibrium. it also contains ascending and descending tracts as well as structures: medulla midbrain pons information: the brainstem consists of the medulla oblongata, the pons and the midbrain. for further details see individual cards for medulla, pons and midbrain. Brain_Stem ESSO:Brain_Structure Brain_Structure brain structur brain structure Brain_Structure ESSO:Brain_Surgery Brain_Surgery 2014 Fischer Some person might have had a definit treatment, such as brain surgery, render them perman seizure-free. 2014 fischer some persons might have had a definitive treatment, such as brain surgery, rendering them permanently seizure-free. brain surgeri brain surgery Brain_Surgery ESSO:Brainstem_Ischemia Brainstem_Ischemia brainstem ischemia Brainstem_Ischemia ESSO:Brief Brief bancaud 1981 brief brief Brief ESSO:Brocas_Area Brocas_Area Tancr 2005 Broca motor speech area is essenti for normal speech in that it coordin the activ of muscl associ with the product of speech. broca area brocas area tancred 2005 broca's motor speech area is essential for normal speech in that it coordinates the activity of muscles associated with the production of speech. Brocas_Area ESSO:Brodmann_Area_1 Brodmann_Area_1 Tancr 2005 The primari somatosensori area occupi Brodmann area 1, 2 and 3 brodmann area 1 tancred 2005 the primary somatosensory area occupies brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3 Brodmann_Area_1 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_10 Brodmann_Area_10 brodmann area 10 Brodmann_Area_10 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_11 Brodmann_Area_11 brodmann area 11 Brodmann_Area_11 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_12 Brodmann_Area_12 brodmann area 12 Brodmann_Area_12 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_13 Brodmann_Area_13 brodmann area 13 Brodmann_Area_13 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_14 Brodmann_Area_14 brodmann area 14 Brodmann_Area_14 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_15 Brodmann_Area_15 brodmann area 15 Brodmann_Area_15 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_16 Brodmann_Area_16 brodmann area 16 Brodmann_Area_16 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_17 Brodmann_Area_17 Tancr 2005 The primari visual area occupi area 17 brodmann area 17 tancred 2005 the primary visual area occupies area 17 Brodmann_Area_17 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_18 Brodmann_Area_18 brodmann area 18 Brodmann_Area_18 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_19 Brodmann_Area_19 brodmann area 19 Brodmann_Area_19 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_2 Brodmann_Area_2 Tancr 2005 The primari somatosensori area occupi Brodmann area 1, 2 and 3 brodmann area 2 tancred 2005 the primary somatosensory area occupies brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3 Brodmann_Area_2 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_20 Brodmann_Area_20 brodmann area 20 Brodmann_Area_20 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_21 Brodmann_Area_21 brodmann area 21 Brodmann_Area_21 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_22 Brodmann_Area_22 brodmann area 22 Brodmann_Area_22 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_23 Brodmann_Area_23 brodmann area 23 Brodmann_Area_23 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_24 Brodmann_Area_24 brodmann area 24 Brodmann_Area_24 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_25 Brodmann_Area_25 brodmann area 25 Brodmann_Area_25 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_26 Brodmann_Area_26 brodmann area 26 Brodmann_Area_26 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_27 Brodmann_Area_27 brodmann area 27 Brodmann_Area_27 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_28 Brodmann_Area_28 brodmann area 28 Brodmann_Area_28 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_29 Brodmann_Area_29 brodmann area 29 Brodmann_Area_29 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_3 Brodmann_Area_3 Tancr 2005 The primari somatosensori area occupi Brodmann area 1, 2 and 3 brodmann area 3 tancred 2005 the primary somatosensory area occupies brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3 Brodmann_Area_3 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_30 Brodmann_Area_30 brodmann area 30 Brodmann_Area_30 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_31 Brodmann_Area_31 brodmann area 31 Brodmann_Area_31 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_32 Brodmann_Area_32 brodmann area 32 Brodmann_Area_32 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_33 Brodmann_Area_33 brodmann area 33 Brodmann_Area_33 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_34 Brodmann_Area_34 brodmann area 34 Brodmann_Area_34 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_35 Brodmann_Area_35 brodmann area 35 Brodmann_Area_35 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_36 Brodmann_Area_36 brodmann area 36 Brodmann_Area_36 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_37 Brodmann_Area_37 brodmann area 37 Brodmann_Area_37 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_38 Brodmann_Area_38 brodmann area 38 Brodmann_Area_38 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_39 Brodmann_Area_39 brodmann area 39 Brodmann_Area_39 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_4 Brodmann_Area_4 Tancr 2005 The primari motor area occupi area 4 brodmann area 4 tancred 2005 the primary motor area occupies area 4 Brodmann_Area_4 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_40 Brodmann_Area_40 brodmann area 40 Brodmann_Area_40 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_41 Brodmann_Area_41 Tancr 2005 The primari auditori area occupi area 41 brodmann area 41 tancred 2005 the primary auditory area occupies area 41 Brodmann_Area_41 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_42 Brodmann_Area_42 brodmann area 42 Brodmann_Area_42 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_43 Brodmann_Area_43 brodmann area 43 Brodmann_Area_43 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_44 Brodmann_Area_44 Tancr 2005 The motor speech (Broca's) area occupi area 44 and 45. brodmann area 44 tancred 2005 the motor speech (broca's) area occupies areas 44 and 45. Brodmann_Area_44 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_45 Brodmann_Area_45 Tancr 2005 The motor speech (Broca's) area occupi area 44 and 45. brodmann area 45 tancred 2005 the motor speech (broca's) area occupies areas 44 and 45. Brodmann_Area_45 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_46 Brodmann_Area_46 brodmann area 46 Brodmann_Area_46 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_47 Brodmann_Area_47 brodmann area 47 Brodmann_Area_47 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_48 Brodmann_Area_48 brodmann area 48 Brodmann_Area_48 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_49 Brodmann_Area_49 brodmann area 49 Brodmann_Area_49 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_5 Brodmann_Area_5 brodmann area 5 Brodmann_Area_5 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_50 Brodmann_Area_50 brodmann area 50 Brodmann_Area_50 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_51 Brodmann_Area_51 brodmann area 51 Brodmann_Area_51 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_52 Brodmann_Area_52 brodmann area 52 Brodmann_Area_52 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_6 Brodmann_Area_6 Tancr 2005 The premotor area occupi area 6 brodmann area 6 tancred 2005 the premotor area occupies area 6 Brodmann_Area_6 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_7 Brodmann_Area_7 brodmann area 7 Brodmann_Area_7 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_8 Brodmann_Area_8 brodmann area 8 Brodmann_Area_8 ESSO:Brodmann_Area_9 Brodmann_Area_9 brodmann area 9 Brodmann_Area_9 ESSO:Brush Brush brush Brush ESSO:Buchhalter_Meeting Buchhalter_Meeting JB: Oh, what I mean is under the list of provoc factors, there are multipl factor for seizur like alcohol or sleep depriv or fever buchhalt meet buchhalter meeting jb: oh, what i mean is under the list of provocative factors, there are multiple factors for seizures like alcohol or sleep deprivation or fever Buchhalter_Meeting ESSO:Burst Burst Noachter 1999 Burst: A group of wave which appear and disappear abrupt and are distinguish from background activ by differ in frequency, form and/or amplitude. Comments: (1) term doe not impli abnormality. (2) Not a synonym of paroxysm (see paroxysm). burst noachter 1999 burst: a group of waves which appear and disappear abruptly and are distinguished from background activity by differences in frequency, form and/or amplitude. comments: (1) term does not imply abnormality. (2) not a synonym of paroxysm (see paroxysm). Burst ESSO:Burst-Suppression Burst-Suppression Noachter 1999 Burst suppression: Pattern character by burst of theta and/or delta waves, at time intermix with faster waves, and interven period of low amplitud (below 20 uV). Comment: EEG pattern that indic either sever brain dysfunct or is typic for some anesthet drug at certain level of anesthesia. burst- suppress burst- suppression noachter 1999 burst suppression: pattern characterized by bursts of theta and/or delta waves, at times intermixed with faster waves, and intervening periods of low amplitude (below 20 uv). comment: eeg pattern that indicates either severe brain dysfunction or is typical for some anesthetic drugs at certain levels of anesthesia. Burst-Suppression ESSO:Butterflies_Feeling Butterflies_Feeling Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 butterfli feel butterflies feeling Butterflies_Feeling ESSO:Buzz Buzz Bancaud 1981 Buzz Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. bancaud 1981 buzzing blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. buzz Buzz ESSO:CACNA1H_Gene CACNA1H_Gene c a c n a1 h gene CACNA1H_Gene ESSO:CACNB4_Gene CACNB4_Gene c a c n b4 gene CACNB4_Gene ESSO:CDKL5_Gene CDKL5_Gene c d k l5 gene CDKL5_Gene ESSO:CHRNA7_Gene CHRNA7_Gene c h r n a7 gene CHRNA7_Gene ESSO:CLCN2_Gene CLCN2_Gene c l c n2 gene CLCN2_Gene ESSO:CNS_Infection CNS_Infection c n s infect c n s infection CNS_Infection ESSO:Calcarine_Sulcus Calcarine_Sulcus Trancr 2005 The wall of the calcarin sulcus contain the primari visual cortex, which is essenti for the conscious percept of visual stimuli. Structures: Brodmann Area Cuneus Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Visual Area Information: The Calcarin Sulcus is a deep sulcus on the medial surfac of the occipit lobe, between the cuneus abov and the lingual gyrus below. Anterior it join the parieto-occipit sulcus. The primari visual area, which correspond to Brodmann area 17, is locat in the wall of the calcarin sulcus. calcarin sulcus calcarine sulcus trancred 2005 the walls of the calcarine sulcus contain the primary visual cortex, which is essential for the conscious perception of visual stimuli. structures: brodmann's areas cuneus occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus primary visual area information: the calcarine sulcus is a deep sulcus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe, between the cuneus above and the lingual gyrus below. anteriorly it joins the parieto-occipital sulcus. the primary visual area, which corresponds to brodmann's area 17, is located in the walls of the calcarine sulcus. Calcarine_Sulcus ESSO:Catamenial_Seizure Catamenial_Seizure ILAE 1981 Cyclic Attack Blume 2001 Catamenial: Seizur occur princip or exclus in ani one phase of the menstrual cycle. catameni seizur catamenial seizure ilae 1981 cyclic attack blume 2001 catamenial: seizures occurring principally or exclusively in any one phase of the menstrual cycle. Catamenial_Seizure ESSO:Catamenial_Status Catamenial_Status catameni status catamenial status Catamenial_Status ESSO:Cavernous_Malformation Cavernous_Malformation Structur brain lesions, such as malform of cortic development, may elev risk of seizur long term. Seizur may recur at variabl interv after remiss due to remov of an epileptogen lesion, such as a cavern malformation. cavern malform cavernous malformation structural brain lesions, such as malformations of cortical development, may elevate risk of seizures long term. seizures may recur at variable intervals after remission due to removal of an epileptogenic lesion, such as a cavernous malformation. Cavernous_Malformation ESSO:Central Central Blume 2001 Centricity: Modifi describ proxim to the bodi axis. blume 2001 centricity: modifier describes proximity to the body axis. central Central ESSO:Central_Region Central_Region central region Central_Region ESSO:Central_Sulcus Central_Sulcus Tancr 2005 The central sulcus is an import landmark on the surfac of the cerebrum becaus it divid the forntal from the pariet lobes. it also separ the primari motor and somatosensori area of the cortex. Structures: Cerebr Hemispher Frontal Lobe Pariet Lobe Postcentr Gyrus Precentr Gyrus Primari Motor Area Primari Somatosensori Area Information: The Central Sulcus is a promin groov about 2 cm deep, which extend coron across the later surfac of the cerebr hemisphere. It is locat between the precentr gyrus (primari motor area) and postcentr gyrus (primari somatosensori area) and is the boundari between the frontal and pariet lobes. central sulcus tancred 2005 the central sulcus is an important landmark on the surface of the cerebrum because it divides the forntal from the parietal lobes. it also separates the primary motor and somatosensory areas of the cortex. structures: cerebral hemisphere frontal lobe parietal lobe postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus primary motor area primary somatosensory area information: the central sulcus is a prominent groove about 2 cm deep, which extends coronally across the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere. it is located between the precentral gyrus (primary motor area) and postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory area) and is the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes. Central_Sulcus ESSO:Cephalic_Aura Cephalic_Aura Blume 2001 Cephalic: Sensat in the head such as light-headedness, tingl or headache. blume 2001 cephalic: sensation in the head such as light-headedness, tingling or headache. cephal aura cephalic aura Cephalic_Aura ESSO:Cephalic_Aura_Status Cephalic_Aura_Status cephal aura status cephalic aura status Cephalic_Aura_Status ESSO:Cerebellar_Signs Cerebellar_Signs JB: Histor and demonstr on Physic Examin cerebellar sign cerebellar signs jb: historical and demonstrate on physical examination Cerebellar_Signs ESSO:Cerebral_Lesion Cerebral_Lesion Engel 2001 Cerebr calcif and other lesion Fischer 2014 if a treat physician is awar that the lesion has generat an endur predisposit for unprovok seizur with a risk compar to those who have had two unprovok seizur (which we all agre is epilepsy), then that person too should be consid to have epilepsi cerebr lesion cerebral lesion engel 2001 cerebral calcifications and other lesions fischer 2014 if a treating physician is aware that the lesion has generated an enduring predisposition for unprovoked seizures with a risk comparable to those who have had two unprovoked seizures (which we all agree is epilepsy), then that person too should be considered to have epilepsy Cerebral_Lesion ESSO:Cerebrovascular Cerebrovascular cerebrovascular Cerebrovascular ESSO:Ceriod-Lipofuscinosis_Juvenile_Form Ceriod-Lipofuscinosis_Juvenile_Form ILAE 1989 The juvenil form of ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Spiel-meyer-Vogt-Sjogren disease) is character by onset between the age of 6 and 8 years, a decreas in visual acuity, slow of psychomotor development, and appear of cerebellar and extrapyramid signs. After 1 4 years, GTCS and fragmentary, segmental, and massiv myoclonus occur. The EEG show burst of slow wave and slow spike and waves. ceriod- lipofuscinosi juvenil form ceriod- lipofuscinosis juvenile form ilae 1989 the juvenile form of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (spiel-meyer-vogt-sjogren disease) is characterized by onset between the ages of 6 and 8 years, a decrease in visual acuity, slowing of psychomotor development, and appearance of cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs. after 1 4 years, gtcs and fragmentary, segmental, and massive myoclonus occur. the eeg shows bursts of slow waves and slow spikes and waves. Ceriod-Lipofuscinosis_Juvenile_Form ESSO:Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis ceroid- lipofuscinosi ceroid- lipofuscinosis d0000476 Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis ESSO:Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis_Adult_Type Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis_Adult_Type ILAE 1989 Kuf’ diseas (adult ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a relat slow, progress storag diseas with frequent general seizur that may be veri intractable. Unlike juvenil storag disease, the optic fundi may be normal. The main characterist is an extrem photic sensit on slow photic stimulation. ceroid- lipofuscinosi adult type ceroid- lipofuscinosis adult type ilae 1989 kuf’s disease (adult ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a relatively slow, progressive storage disease with frequent generalized seizures that may be very intractable. unlike juvenile storage disease, the optic fundi may be normal. the main characteristic is an extreme photic sensitivity on slow photic stimulation. Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis_Adult_Type ESSO:Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis_Infantile_Type Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis_Infantile_Type ILAE 1989 Another type of metabol error is earli infantil type of ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Santuavori Haltia Hagberg disease). Massiv myoclonus begin between the age of 5 and 18 months, with a high suggest EEG pattern of vanish EEG. ceroid- lipofuscinosi infantil type ceroid- lipofuscinosis infantile type ilae 1989 another type of metabolic error is early infantile type of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (santuavori haltia hagberg disease). massive myoclonus begins between the ages of 5 and 18 months, with a highly suggestive eeg pattern of vanishing eeg. Ceroid-Lipofuscinosis_Infantile_Type ESSO:Cherry_Red_Spot Cherry_Red_Spot cherri red spot cherry red spot Cherry_Red_Spot ESSO:Cherry_Red_Spot_Myoclonus_Syndrome Cherry_Red_Spot_Myoclonus_Syndrome ILAE 1989 Cherri Red Spot Myoclonus Syndrom The clinic pictur for the cherri red spot myoclonus syndrom (sialidosi with isol deficit in neuraminidase) is veri similar to that of the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, with myoclonus, photosensitivity, and cerebellar syndrome. Other characterist includ the near constant exist of amblyopia and presenc of a cherri red spot on fundoscop examination. The EEG is similar to that of DCM with the follow specif features: The polyspike-wav discharg alway correspond to a massiv myoclonus and there is no photosensit cherri red spot myoclonus syndrom cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome ilae 1989 cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome the clinical picture for the cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome (sialidosis with isolated deficit in neuraminidase) is very similar to that of the ramsay-hunt syndrome, with myoclonus, photosensitivity, and cerebellar syndrome. other characteristics include the nearly constant existence of amblyopia and presence of a cherry red spot on fundoscopic examination. the eeg is similar to that of dcm with the following specific features: the polyspike-wave discharges always correspond to a massive myoclonus and there is no photosensitivity Cherry_Red_Spot_Myoclonus_Syndrome ESSO:Chewing Chewing Bancaud 1981 Chew bancaud 1981 chewing chew chewing Chewing ESSO:Chin Chin chin Chin ESSO:Chronic_Disease_Course Chronic_Disease_Course Chronic Diseas Course: A diseas cours that (a) doe not termin in a return to normal homeostasi and (b) would, absent intervention, fall within an abnorm homeostat range. Examples: acquir deafness; intermitt seizur in a person suffer from epilepsy. chronic diseas cours chronic disease course chronic disease course: a disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, fall within an abnormal homeostatic range. examples: acquired deafness; intermittent seizures in a person suffering from epilepsy. Chronic_Disease_Course ESSO:Chronic_Progressive_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_of_Childhood Chronic_Progressive_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_of_Childhood Bancaud 1981 When focal motor seizur activ is continu it is known as epilepsia partiali continua ILAE 1989 Chronic Progress Epilepsia Partiali Continua of Childhood (Kojewnikow Syndrome) bancaud 1981 when focal motor seizure activity is continuous it is known as epilepsia partialis continua ilae 1989 chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood (kojewnikow's syndrome) chronic progress epilepsia partiali continua of childhood chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood Chronic_Progressive_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_of_Childhood ESSO:Churning_Feeling Churning_Feeling Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 churn feel churning feeling Churning_Feeling ESSO:Cingulate_Seizures Cingulate_Seizures ILAE 1989 Cingulate. Cingul seizur pattern are complex partial with complex motor gestur automat at onset. Autonom sign are common, as are chang in mood and affect. cingul seizur cingulate seizures ilae 1989 cingulate. cingulate seizure patterns are complex partial with complex motor gestural automatisms at onset. autonomic signs are common, as are changes in mood and affect. Cingulate_Seizures ESSO:Circadian_Cycle Circadian_Cycle ILAE 1989 Diurnal Cycl circadian cycl circadian cycle ilae 1989 diurnal cycling Circadian_Cycle ESSO:Circumference Circumference circumfer circumference Circumference ESSO:Classical_Phenylketonuria Classical_Phenylketonuria ILAE 1989 The classic phenylketonuria can express itself as a West syndrome. A variant of phenylketonuria with biopterin defici caus seizur start in the second 6 month of life in infant who have been hypoton sinc birth. The seizur are general motor seizur associ with errat myoclon jerk and oculogyr seizures. classic phenylketonuria classical phenylketonuria ilae 1989 the classical phenylketonuria can express itself as a west syndrome. a variant of phenylketonuria with biopterins deficiency causes seizures starting in the second 6 months of life in infants who have been hypotonic since birth. the seizures are generalized motor seizures associated with erratic myoclonic jerks and oculogyric seizures. Classical_Phenylketonuria ESSO:Classification_System Classification_System The section of all previous epilepsi classif system classif system classification system the section of all previous epilepsy classification systems Classification_System ESSO:Clinical_Factor Clinical_Factor Bancaud 1981 Clinic ILAE 1989 Clinic characterist Scheuermann 2009 Finding: Objectiv evid of diseas percept to the examin physician (sign) and subject evid of diseas perceiv by the patient (symptom). Manifest of a Disease: A bodili featur of a patient that is (a) a deviat from clinic normal that exist in virtu of the realiz of a diseas and (b) is observable. Observabl includ observ through elicit of respons or through the use of special instruments. Preclin Manifest of a Disease: A manifest of a diseas that exist prior to it becom detect in a clinic histori take or physic examination. Clinic Manifest of a Disease: A manifest of a diseas that is detect in a clinic histori take or physic examination. Phenotyp =def. – A bodili featur or combin of bodili featur of an organ determin by the interact of the genet make-up of the organ and it environment. Clinic Phenotyp =def. – A clinic abnorm phenotype. Diseas Phenotyp =def. – A clinic abnorm phenotyp that is characterist of a singl disease. A diseas phenotyp can exist without be observed. Indeed, as technolog advances, our abil to detect the under compon of a diseas phenotyp will expand. The full diseas phenotyp would incorpor the abnorm phenotyp realiz at each stage in the develop of the disease. As with ‘disorder’ we can also distinguish a less and a more inclus read of ‘diseas phenotype’. Under the former, a diseas phenotyp may be a a singl type of abnorm characterist of a given disease; under the latter a diseas phenotyp is a maxim combin of such singl phenotypes, order in a tempor sequenc characterist of one or more typic cours for the given disease. Clinic Pictur =def. – A represent of a clinic phenotyp that is infer from the combin of laboratory, imag and clinic find about a given patient. Diagnosi =def. – A conclus of an interpret process that has as input a clinic pictur of a given patient and as output an assert (diagnost statement) to the effect that the patient has a diseas of such and such a type. A diagnosi is a continu entiti that, onc made, will surviv through time, and is often supplant by further diagnoses. The diagnost process is thus iterative: the clinician is form hypothes dure histori taking, test these dure physic exam, form new hypothes as a result, and so on. As a result of an etiolog process, a physic chang occur in the healthi individu give rise to a disord whose realizations, which are initi undetect (preclin manifestation), and then becom detect as symptom and sign (clinic manifestations). The latter constitut in their total the phenotyp for the given diseas as instanti in this specif patient. They can be observ through physic examin and laboratori test of specimen deriv from the patient, the result of which can be record in the medic record as a clinic picture. The clinic pictur is interpret by the physician in arriv at a diagnosis, which serv in turn as the foundat for the develop of a patient manag plan. Berg 2010 Clinic Characterist bancaud 1981 clinic ilae 1989 clinical characteristics scheuermann 2009 finding: objective evidence of disease perceptible to the examining physician (sign) and subjective evidence of disease perceived by the patient (symptom). manifestation of a disease: a bodily feature of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. observability includes observable through elicitation of response or through the use of special instruments. preclinical manifestation of a disease: a manifestation of a disease that exists prior to its becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. clinical manifestation of a disease: a manifestation of a disease that is detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. phenotype =def. – a bodily feature or combination of bodily features of an organism determined by the interaction of the genetic make-up of the organism and its environment. clinical phenotype =def. – a clinically abnormal phenotype. disease phenotype =def. – a clinically abnormal phenotype that is characteristic of a single disease. a disease phenotype can exist without being observed. indeed, as technology advances, our ability to detect the underlying components of a disease phenotype will expand. the full disease phenotype would incorporate the abnormal phenotypes realized at each stage in the development of the disease. as with ‘disorder’ we can also distinguish a less and a more inclusive reading of ‘disease phenotype’. under the former, a disease phenotype may be a a single type of abnormality characteristic of a given disease; under the latter a disease phenotype is a maximal combination of such single phenotypes, ordered in a temporal sequence characteristic of one or more typical courses for the given disease. clinical picture =def. – a representation of a clinical phenotype that is inferred from the combination of laboratory, image and clinical findings about a given patient. diagnosis =def. – a conclusion of an interpretive process that has as input a clinical picture of a given patient and as output an assertion (diagnostic statement) to the effect that the patient has a disease of such and such a type. a diagnosis is a continuant entity that, once made, will survive through time, and is often supplanted by further diagnoses. the diagnostic process is thus iterative: the clinician is forming hypotheses during history taking, testing these during physical exam, forming new hypotheses as a result, and so on. as a result of an etiological process, a physical change occurs in the healthy individual giving rise to a disorder whose realizations, which are initially undetectable (preclinical manifestation), and then become detectable as symptoms and signs (clinical manifestations). the latter constitute in their totality the phenotype for the given disease as instantiated in this specific patient. they can be observed through physical examination and laboratory testing of specimens derived from the patient, the results of which can be recorded in the medical record as a clinical picture. the clinical picture is interpreted by the physician in arriving at a diagnosis, which serves in turn as the foundation for the development of a patient management plan. berg 2010 clinical characteristics clinic factor clinical factor Clinical_Factor ESSO:Clinical_History Clinical_History Luder 1998 Noachter 1999 Last seizur Engel 2001 Axis 1 consist of a descript of the ictal semiology, use a standard Glossari of Descript Terminology. The descript of the ictal event, without refer to etiology, anatomy, or mechanisms, can be veri brief or extrem detailed, as requir for clinic or research purposes. Although detail descript of the onset and evolut of local ictal phenomena often are not necessary, they can be useful; for instance, in patient who are candid for surgic treatment, or for research design to elucid the anatom substrat or pathophysiolog mechan under specif clinic behaviors. Commun among clinicians, and among researchers, will be great enhanc by the establish of standard terminolog for describ ictal semiology. Engel 2006 Axis 1: Ictal phenomenology—from the Glossari of Descript Ictal Terminology, can be use to describ ictal event with ani degre of detail needed. Axis 1 of the diagnost scheme involv a detail descript of ictal phenomenolog util a glossari of descript ictal terminolog (Blume et al., 2001). This can be extrem valuabl for older patient with focal epilepsi who are be evalu for surgic resection, but is not like to be necessari in infant and young children, so it is optional. Scheuermann 2009 Clinic History: A seri of statement repres health-relev featur of a patient. The term ‘clinic history’ is also sometim use to refer to the collect of diseas cours in a given patient. Even a patient who never went to the doctor may have a clinic histori on this reading. clinic histori clinical history luders 1998 noachter 1999 last seizure engel 2001 axis 1 consists of a description of the ictal semiology, using a standardized glossary of descriptive terminology. the description of the ictal event, without reference to etiology, anatomy, or mechanisms, can be very brief or extremely detailed, as required for clinical or research purposes. although detailed descriptions of the onset and evolution of localized ictal phenomena often are not necessary, they can be useful; for instance, in patients who are candidates for surgical treatment, or for research designed to elucidate the anatomic substrates or pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying specific clinical behaviors. communication among clinicians, and among researchers, will be greatly enhanced by the establishment of standardized terminology for describing ictal semiology. engel 2006 axis 1: ictal phenomenology—from the glossary of descriptive ictal terminology, can be used to describe ictal events with any degree of detail needed. axis 1 of the diagnostic scheme involves a detailed description of ictal phenomenology utilizing a glossary of descriptive ictal terminology (blume et al., 2001). this can be extremely valuable for older patients with focal epilepsy who are being evaluated for surgical resection, but is not likely to be necessary in infants and young children, so it is optional. scheuermann 2009 clinical history: a series of statements representing health-relevant features of a patient. the term ‘clinical history’ is also sometimes used to refer to the collection of disease courses in a given patient. even a patient who never went to the doctor may have a clinical history on this reading. Clinical_History ESSO:Clipping Clipping Noachter 1999 Clipping: Distort of EEG wave which make them appear flat-top in the write-out or display. Caus by overload. clip clipping noachter 1999 clipping: distortion of eeg waves which makes them appear flat-topped in the write-out or display. caused by overload. Clipping ESSO:Closed_Eyes Closed_Eyes Bancaud 1981 Eye are close bancaud 1981 eyes are closed close eye closed eyes Closed_Eyes ESSO:Cluster_EEG Cluster_EEG Blume 2001 Cluster 1. Noun: Incidenc of seizur within a given period (usual one or a few days) that exceed the averag incid over a longer period for the patient. 2. Verb: To vari in incid as above. blume 2001 cluster 1. noun: incidence of seizures within a given period (usually one or a few days) that exceeds the average incidence over a longer period for the patient. 2. verb: to vary in incidence as above. cluster e e g Cluster_EEG ESSO:Cluster_of_Semiologic_Seizure Cluster_of_Semiologic_Seizure Blume 2001 Cluster 1. Noun: Incidenc of seizur within a given period (usual one or a few days) that exceed the averag incid over a longer period for the patient. 2. Verb: To vari in incid as above. blume 2001 cluster 1. noun: incidence of seizures within a given period (usually one or a few days) that exceeds the average incidence over a longer period for the patient. 2. verb: to vary in incidence as above. cluster of semiolog seizur cluster of semiologic seizure Cluster_of_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Co-Morbidity Co-Morbidity Fischer 2014 Co-Morbid co- morbid co- morbidity fischer 2014 co-morbidity Co-Morbidity ESSO:Coldness Coldness cold coldness Coldness ESSO:Compete_remission Compete_remission 2014 Fischer A studi of 347 children achiev at least 5-year “complet remission” includ at least 5-year free of antiseizur drug identifi late seizur relaps in 6%. One occur as long as 8 year after the prior seizure. Data were not given for those remain free of seizur after a 10-year complet remission, but the number would be <6%. After tempor lobe epilepsi surgery,23 54.2% of patient relaps within 6 months; whereas, onli 1.9% relaps 4 year after surgery. Similar result were seen in anoth study,24 with onli 0.6% have seizur in the last year of follow-up, provid that they had been seizure-fre for 3 year after surgery. 2014 fischer a study of 347 children achieving at least 5-year “complete remission” including at least 5-years free of antiseizure drugs identified late seizure relapses in 6%. one occurred as long as 8 years after the prior seizure. data were not given for those remaining free of seizures after a 10-year complete remission, but the number would be <6%. after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery,23 54.2% of patients relapse within 6 months; whereas, only 1.9% relapse 4 years after surgery. similar results were seen in another study,24 with only 0.6% having seizures in the last year of follow-up, provided that they had been seizure-free for 3 years after surgery. compet remiss compete remission Compete_remission ESSO:Complete_Amnesia Complete_Amnesia complet amnesia complete amnesia Complete_Amnesia ESSO:Complex_Febrile_Seizure Complex_Febrile_Seizure The definit of the complex febril seizur is A seizur last 15 minut or longer, multipl seizur within 24 hours. Unilater focal ani of those thing would then classifi someon as have a complex febril seizur and whi is that import becaus there’ an epidemiolog that relat to of these group of children, as oppos to the one that don’t have these factors, how mani of them would go on to have epilepsy, how mani of them will go on to have recurr of their seizures. So, it is an epidemiolog import and defined. complex febril seizur complex febrile seizure the definition of the complex febrile seizure is a seizure lasting 15 minutes or longer, multiple seizures within 24 hours. unilateral focal any of those things would then classify someone as having a complex febrile seizure and why is that important because there’s an epidemiology that relates to of these group of children, as opposed to the ones that don’t have these factors, how many of them would go on to have epilepsy, how many of them will go on to have recurrence of their seizures. so, it is an epidemiologically important and defined. Complex_Febrile_Seizure ESSO:Complex_Movement Complex_Movement complex movement Complex_Movement ESSO:Complex_Sensation Complex_Sensation Bancaud 1981 With more elebor seizur involv visual or auditori associ area with particip of mobil memori traces, form hallucin occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. The charact of these percpet may be normal or distorted. bancaud 1981 with more eleborate seizures involving visual or auditory association areas with participation of mobilized memory traces, formed hallucinations occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. the character of these percpetions may be normal or distorted. complex sensat complex sensation Complex_Sensation ESSO:Complex_Wave_Pattern Complex_Wave_Pattern Noachter 1999 Complex: A sequenc of two or more wave have a characterist form or recur with a fair consist form, distinguish from background activity. complex wave pattern noachter 1999 complex: a sequence of two or more waves having a characteristic form or recurring with a fairly consistent form, distinguished from background activity. Complex_Wave_Pattern ESSO:Comprehension Comprehension comprehens comprehension Comprehension ESSO:Computerized_Tomography_CT Computerized_Tomography_CT ILAE 1989 Blume 2003 SIGN 2006 Comput Tomographi (CT) scan brain imag may be requir for suspect acut symptomat seizur or in children with focal seizur under the age of three year computer tomographi c t computerized tomography c t ilae 1989 blume 2003 sign 2006 computed tomography (ct) scan brain imaging may be required for suspected acute symptomatic seizures or in children with focal seizures under the age of three years Computerized_Tomography_CT ESSO:Conjugate_Eye_Movement Conjugate_Eye_Movement conjug eye movement conjugate eye movement Conjugate_Eye_Movement ESSO:Conjunctiva Conjunctiva Bancaud 1981 Conjunctiva is insensit bancaud 1981 conjunctiva is insensitive conjunctiva Conjunctiva ESSO:Constitutional_Genetic_Disease Constitutional_Genetic_Disease Scheuermann 2009 Constitut Genet Disease: A diseas whose physic basi is a constitut genet disorder. Examples: chronic: color blindness, polydactyly; progressive: Down syndrome, Tay-Sach disease. Scheuermann 2009 Constitut Genet Disorder: A genet disord inherit dure concept that is born by all cell in the organism. Examples: mutat in the hexosaminidas gene lead to Tay-Sach disease. constitut genet diseas constitutional genetic disease scheuermann 2009 constitutional genetic disease: a disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder. examples: chronic: color blindness, polydactyly; progressive: down syndrome, tay-sachs disease. scheuermann 2009 constitutional genetic disorder: a genetic disorder inherited during conception that is borne by all cells in the organism. examples: mutation in the hexosaminidase gene leading to tay-sachs disease. Constitutional_Genetic_Disease ESSO:Continuous_Activity Continuous_Activity continu activ continuous activity Continuous_Activity ESSO:Contralateral Contralateral Bancaud 1981 Contralater bancaud 1981 contralateral contralater contralateral Contralateral ESSO:Contralateral_Semiology Contralateral_Semiology contralater semiolog contralateral semiology Contralateral_Semiology ESSO:Contraversive_movement Contraversive_movement Bancaud 1981 Head turn to one side, usual contravers to the discharg bancaud 1981 head turning to one side, usually contraversive to the discharge contravers movement contraversive movement Contraversive_movement ESSO:Controlled_by_Treatment Controlled_by_Treatment control by treatment controlled by treatment Controlled_by_Treatment ESSO:Convulsion Convulsion Blume 2001 Convulsion: Primarili a lay term. Episod of excessive, abnorm muscl contractions, usual bilateral, which may be sustain or interrupted. Engel 2001 Another chang in terminolog evid in this document is the omiss of the word “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epilept seizur type and epilepsi syndromes. The Task Forc thought that these are nonspecif lay terms, and at time improp used. Consequ it was agre to be consistent, not onli in descript ictal terminology, but also in name epilept seizur type and syndromes, to avoid these terms. For instance, the Task Forc is propos that the term “febril convulsions” be replac by “febril seizures.” blume 2001 convulsion: primarily a lay term. episodes of excessive, abnormal muscle contractions, usually bilateral, which may be sustained or interrupted. engel 2001 another change in terminology evident in this document is the omission of the words “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epileptic seizure types and epilepsy syndromes. the task force thought that these are nonspecific lay terms, and at times improperly used. consequently it was agreed to be consistent, not only in descriptive ictal terminology, but also in naming epileptic seizure types and syndromes, to avoid these terms. for instance, the task force is proposing that the term “febrile convulsions” be replaced by “febrile seizures.” convuls convulsion Convulsion ESSO:Corpus_Callosum Corpus_Callosum Trancr 2005 The Corpus Callosum, the largest of the cerebr commissures, allow inform to be transmit from one cerebr hemispher to the other, enabl memori trace to be store bilaterally. Structures: Cerebr Commissur Cerebr Hemispher Corpus Callosum - Bodi Corpus Callosum - Genu Corpus Callosum - Splenium Forcep Major Forcep Minor Primari Somatosensori Area Information: The Corpus Callosum is the largest of the cerebr commissures. It contain approxim 300 million fibres, connect the cortex of the two cerebr hemispheres. It consist of 4 part - the splenium (posterior), body, genu (anterior) and rostrum (contin antero-inferior with the genu). Fibr from the genu radiat anterior into the anterior region of the frontal lobe are known as the forcep minor. Fibr of the splenium, which radiat posterior into the occipit lobe are known as the forcep major. The function of the corpus callosum is to allow for the transfer of inform from one hemispher to anoth and to enabl memori trace to be store bilaterally. In case of sever epilepsi the corpus callosum is sometim sever to limit the extent of seizures, and subsequ behaviour studi in these patient have allow us to gain some insight into the role of the corpus callosum. While there are no obvious personality, intellectu or motor chang in these split-brain patients, there are some subtl chang particular in regard to learning. For example, a task learn with one hand cannot then be perform effici with the other hand becaus the memori trace cannot be transfer to the opposit hemisphere. Similarly, an object held in the left hand (but not seen) cannot be describ verbal becaus the somatosensori inform cannot be transfer from the primari somatosensori area of the right hemispher across to the left hemispher (where the languag area are usual located) corpus callosum trancred 2005 the corpus callosum, the largest of the cerebral commissures, allows information to be transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other, enabling memory traces to be stored bilaterally. structures: cerebral commissures cerebral hemisphere corpus callosum - body corpus callosum - genu corpus callosum - splenium forceps major forceps minor primary somatosensory area information: the corpus callosum is the largest of the cerebral commissures. it contains approximately 300 million fibres, connecting the cortex of the two cerebral hemispheres. it consists of 4 parts - the splenium (posterior), body, genu (anterior) and rostrum (continous antero-inferiorly with the genu). fibres from the genu radiate anteriorly into the anterior region of the frontal lobes are known as the forceps minor. fibres of the splenium, which radiate posteriorly into the occipital lobes are known as the forceps major. the function of the corpus callosum is to allow for the transfer of information from one hemisphere to another and to enable memory traces to be stored bilaterally. in cases of severe epilepsy the corpus callosum is sometimes severed to limit the extent of seizures, and subsequent behavioural studies in these patients have allowed us to gain some insight into the role of the corpus callosum. while there are no obvious personality, intellectual or motor changes in these 'split-brain' patients, there are some subtle changes particularly in regard to learning. for example, a task learned with one hand cannot then be performed efficiently with the other hand because the memory trace cannot be transferred to the opposite hemisphere. similarly, an object held in the left hand (but not seen) cannot be described verbally because the somatosensory information cannot be transferred from the primary somatosensory area of the right hemisphere across to the left hemisphere (where the language areas are usually located) Corpus_Callosum ESSO:Corticosteroid Corticosteroid corticosteroid Corticosteroid ESSO:Cranial_Nerve_Abnormalities Cranial_Nerve_Abnormalities Include eye movement abnorm cranial nerv abnorm cranial nerve abnormalities includes eye movement abnormalities Cranial_Nerve_Abnormalities ESSO:Crawling Crawling crawl crawling Crawling ESSO:Cry Cry Bancaud 1981 Cri bancaud 1981 cry Cry ESSO:Cuneus Cuneus Trancr 2005 The Cuneus includ the primari visual area for the lower half of the visual (which is essenti for the conscious appreci of visual stimuli) as well as part of the visual associ area. Structures: Calcarin Sulcus Cuneus Lingual Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Visual Area Information: The occipit lobe occupi the posterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it is locat posterior to an imaginari line extend from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the pre-occipit notch. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior to the parieto-occipit fissur and by an imaginari line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the pre-occipit notch. Sulci and Gyri: The medial surfac of the occipit lobe is divid into two part by the calcarin sulcus, a deep groov which extend posterior from the parieto-occipit fissur to the posterior pole. The cuneus is the wedge-shap area which lie between the parieto-occipit fissur and the calcarin sulcus. The inferior bank of the calcarin sulcus is form by the lingual gyrus, a posterior extens of the parahippocamp gyrus of the tempor lobe. The later surfac of the occipit lobe is form by some inconstantly-shap gyri, which are collect refer to as the later occipit gyri. Function Areas: The occipit lobe contain the primari visual area of the cortex, which is locat around the calcarin sulcus. Onli a thin strip of the primari visual cortex is visibl on the medial surfac of the brain (on either side of the calcarin sulcus) becaus most of it is buri within the depth of the sulcus. cuneus trancred 2005 the cuneus includes the primary visual area for the lower half of the visual (which is essential for the conscious appreciation of visual stimuli) as well as part of the visual association area. structures: calcarine sulcus cuneus lingual gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary visual area information: the occipital lobe occupies the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it is located posterior to an imaginary line extending from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch. on the medial surface it is bounded posterior to the parieto-occipital fissure and by an imaginary line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the pre-occipital notch. sulci and gyri: the medial surface of the occipital lobe is divided into two parts by the calcarine sulcus, a deep groove which extends posteriorly from the parieto-occipital fissure to the posterior pole. the cuneus is the wedge-shaped area which lies between the parieto-occipital fissure and the calcarine sulcus. the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus is formed by the lingual gyrus, a posterior extension of the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe. the lateral surface of the occipital lobe is formed by some inconstantly-shaped gyri, which are collectively referred to as the lateral occipital gyri. functional areas: the occipital lobe contains the primary visual area of the cortex, which is located around the calcarine sulcus. only a thin strip of the primary visual cortex is visible on the medial surface of the brain (on either side of the calcarine sulcus) because most of it is buried within the depths of the sulcus. Cuneus ESSO:Cure Cure Fischer 2014 Cure “Cure” impli a risk for futur seizur no greater than that of the baselin unaffect population, but after a histori of epilepsi such a low risk is never achieved. Delin of circumst in which epilepsi is definit cure is beyond the scope of this paper. cure fischer 2014 cure “cure” implies a risk for future seizures no greater than that of the baseline unaffected population, but after a history of epilepsy such a low risk is never achieved. delineation of circumstances in which epilepsy is definitively cured is beyond the scope of this paper. Cure ESSO:Cyanosis Cyanosis Bancaud 1981 Cyanosi bancaud 1981 cyanosis cyanosi cyanosis Cyanosis ESSO:Cyanosis_Respiration Cyanosis_Respiration Bancaud 1981 Inhibit respir and cyanosi may occur bancaud 1981 inhibits respiration and cyanosis may occur cyanosi respir cyanosis respiration Cyanosis_Respiration ESSO:Cycle Cycle Noachter 1999 Cycle: The complet sequenc of potenti chang undergon by individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat EEG wave or complexes. cycl cycle noachter 1999 cycle: the complete sequence of potential changes undergone by individual components of a sequence of regularly repeated eeg waves or complexes. Cycle ESSO:Cysticercosis Cysticercosis Engel 2001 Cysticcercosi cysticercosi cysticercosis engel 2001 cysticcercosis Cysticercosis ESSO:D-Glyceriacidemia D-Glyceriacidemia ILAE 1989 Metabol error in the neonat includ nonketot hyperglycinemia and D-glycericacidemia, show earli myoclon encephalopathi with errat myoclonus, partial seizures, and suppression-burst EEG patterns. d- glyceriacidemia ilae 1989 metabolism errors in the neonate include nonketotic hyperglycinemia and d-glycericacidemia, showing early myoclonic encephalopathy with erratic myoclonus, partial seizures, and suppression-burst eeg patterns. D-Glyceriacidemia ESSO:DNM1_Gene DNM1_Gene d n m1 gene DNM1_Gene ESSO:DOCK7_Gene DOCK7_Gene d o c k7 gene DOCK7_Gene ESSO:Dacrystic_Automotor_Seizure Dacrystic_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Dacrystic: Burst of crying. blume 2001 dacrystic: bursts of crying. dacryst automotor seizur dacrystic automotor seizure Dacrystic_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Dacrystic_Automotor_Status Dacrystic_Automotor_Status dacryst automotor status dacrystic automotor status Dacrystic_Automotor_Status ESSO:Dancing_Eyes-Dancing_Feet_Syndrome Dancing_Eyes-Dancing_Feet_Syndrome danc eyes- danc feet syndrom dancing eyes- dancing feet syndrome Dancing_Eyes-Dancing_Feet_Syndrome ESSO:Dancing_Eyes_Syndrome_Nystagmus Dancing_Eyes_Syndrome_Nystagmus danc eye syndrom nystagmus dancing eyes syndrome nystagmus Dancing_Eyes_Syndrome_Nystagmus ESSO:Death Death death Death ESSO:Decelebrate_Posturing Decelebrate_Posturing decelebr postur decelebrate posturing Decelebrate_Posturing ESSO:Decreased_Responsiveness Decreased_Responsiveness decreas respons decreased responsiveness Decreased_Responsiveness ESSO:Decresed_Abdominal_Peristalsis Decresed_Abdominal_Peristalsis decres abdomin peristalsi decresed abdominal peristalsis Decresed_Abdominal_Peristalsis ESSO:Deep_Respiration Deep_Respiration Bancaud 1981 Deep respir bancaud 1981 deep respiration deep respir deep respiration Deep_Respiration ESSO:Deep_Sleep Deep_Sleep Bancaud 1981 Deep Sleep Noachter 1999 Deep Sleep: Non-REM sleep stage 3 and 4 (Rechtschaffen and Kale 1968). bancaud 1981 deep sleep noachter 1999 deep sleep: non-rem sleep stages 3 and 4 (rechtschaffen and kales 1968). deep sleep Deep_Sleep ESSO:Degenerative_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_Finnish_Type Degenerative_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_Finnish_Type d0000494 degen progress myoclonus epilepsi finnish type degenerative progressive myoclonus epilepsy finnish type Degenerative_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_Finnish_Type ESSO:Degenerative_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_Lundborg_Type Degenerative_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_Lundborg_Type ILAE 1989 Degen progress myoclon epilepsi (Lundborg type) The so-cal degen progress myoclon epilepsi (Lundborg type) also fall into this category. The onli signific well-individu group is the Finnish type, describ by Koskiniemi et al. (1974). Onset occur between the age of 8 and 13 years, with myoclonus (segmental, fragmentary, and massive) and GTCS, associ cerebellar ataxia, and slowli progress although general mild mental deterioration. The EEG show slow abnorm (theta rhythm and later, delta rhythms), with general spike-wav predomin in the frontal area and photosensitivity. Patient surviv >15 years. degen progress myoclonus epilepsi lundborg type degenerative progressive myoclonus epilepsy lundborg type ilae 1989 degenerative progressive myoclonic epilepsy (lundborg type) the so-called degenerative progressive myoclonic epilepsy (lundborg type) also falls into this category. the only significant well-individualized group is the finnish type, described by koskiniemi et al. (1974). onset occurs between the ages of 8 and 13 years, with myoclonus (segmental, fragmentary, and massive) and gtcs, associated cerebellar ataxia, and slowly progressive although generally mild mental deterioration. the eeg shows slow abnormalities (theta rhythms and later, delta rhythms), with generalized spike-waves predominantly in the frontal area and photosensitivity. patients survive >15 years. Degenerative_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_Lundborg_Type ESSO:Deja-Entendu Deja-Entendu Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experience. Deja-entendu: a sensat as if a naiv auditori experi had been experienc befor bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience. deja-entendu: a sensation as if a naive auditory experience had been experienced before deja- entendu Deja-Entendu ESSO:Delta_Band_Frequency Delta_Band_Frequency 0.5-4hz delta band frequenc delta band frequency Delta_Band_Frequency ESSO:Delta_Brush Delta_Brush Noachter 1999 Delta Brush: Delta wave with superimpos fast activity. Comment: normal find in neonat EEG. delta brush noachter 1999 delta brush: delta wave with superimposed fast activity. comment: normal finding in neonatal eeg. Delta_Brush ESSO:Delta_Brushes Delta_Brushes Noachter 1999 Delta Brushes: Rhythmic spindle-lik activ (10-25 uV) superimpos on 0.3-1.5 Hz slow wave (25-250 uV) in preterm infants. delta brush delta brushes noachter 1999 delta brushes: rhythmic spindle-like activity (10-25 uv) superimposed on 0.3-1.5 hz slow waves (25-250 uv) in preterm infants. Delta_Brushes ESSO:Delta_Wave Delta_Wave >1/4-2s delta wave Delta_Wave ESSO:Demographic Demographic demograph demographic Demographic ESSO:Dentate_Cerebellar_Ataxia Dentate_Cerebellar_Ataxia dentat cerebellar ataxia dentate cerebellar ataxia Dentate_Cerebellar_Ataxia ESSO:Dentatorubral_Atrophy Dentatorubral_Atrophy dentatorubr atrophi dentatorubral atrophy Dentatorubral_Atrophy ESSO:Depersonalization Depersonalization Bancaud 1981 Deperson Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 depersonalization bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. deperson depersonalization Depersonalization ESSO:Desire_to_Move Desire_to_Move Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. desir to move desire to move Desire_to_Move ESSO:Detachment Detachment Bancaud 1981 Detach bancaud 1981 detachment detach detachment Detachment ESSO:Devastating_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_in_School_Aged_Children_DESC Devastating_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_in_School_Aged_Children_DESC 2013 Suleiman Previous term use to describ similar syndrom includ devast epilept encephalopathi in schoolag children (DESC) (Mikaeloff et al., 2006) and acut enceph with refractori repetit partial seizur (AERRPS) (Sakuma, 2009). These condit are character by new-onset refractori focal status epilepticus, preced by fever or infect in previous normal children, follow by a chronic phase of refractori focal epilepsi and sever neurolog impair (Sakuma et al., 2010). The caus of these condit is unknown and under immun mechan have been propos (Sakuma et al., 2010; Specchio et al., 2010; Nabbout et al., 2011) but not proven. 2013 suleiman previous terms used to describe similar syndromes include devastating epileptic encephalopathy in schoolaged children (desc) (mikaeloff et al., 2006) and acute encephalitis with refractory repetitive partial seizures (aerrps) (sakuma, 2009). these conditions are characterized by new-onset refractory focal status epilepticus, preceded by fever or infection in previously normal children, followed by a chronic phase of refractory focal epilepsy and severe neurologic impairment (sakuma et al., 2010). the cause of these conditions is unknown and underlying immune mechanisms have been proposed (sakuma et al., 2010; specchio et al., 2010; nabbout et al., 2011) but not proven. devast epilept encephalopathi in school age children d e s c devastating epileptic encephalopathy in school aged children d e s c Devastating_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_in_School_Aged_Children_DESC ESSO:Developmental_History Developmental_History ILAE 1989 Intellectu Develop Psychomotor (retardation, develop arrest) Mental Retard Precoci Puberti Berg 2010 Development antec and consequ Development neurobiolog development histori developmental history ilae 1989 intellectual development psychomotor (retardation, development arrest) mental retardation precocious puberty berg 2010 developmental anteceents and consequents developmental neurobiology Developmental_History ESSO:Deviation_of_the_Eyes Deviation_of_the_Eyes deviat of the eye deviation of the eyes Deviation_of_the_Eyes ESSO:Diabetes_Mellitus_Type_1 Diabetes_Mellitus_Type_1 Suleiman 2013 T1DM is a T cell–medi autoimmun disorder, and there is an increas preval of epilepsi in children with this diseas (Schober et al., 2012). diabet mellitus type 1 diabetes mellitus type 1 suleiman 2013 t1dm is a t cell–mediated autoimmune disorder, and there is an increased prevalence of epilepsy in children with this disease (schober et al., 2012). Diabetes_Mellitus_Type_1 ESSO:Diagnostic_Factor Diagnostic_Factor Engel 2006 The intent is that the seizure-typ diagnosi will have implic with respect to etiology, approach to diagnost evaluation, treatment and prognosis. diagnost factor diagnostic factor engel 2006 the intention is that the seizure-type diagnosis will have implications with respect to etiology, approaches to diagnostic evaluation, treatment and prognosis. Diagnostic_Factor ESSO:Diagnostic_Test Diagnostic_Test diagnost test diagnostic test Diagnostic_Test ESSO:Diagnostic_Test_Procedure Diagnostic_Test_Procedure diagnost test procedur diagnostic test procedure Diagnostic_Test_Procedure ESSO:Diagnostic_Test_Result Diagnostic_Test_Result diagnost test result diagnostic test result Diagnostic_Test_Result ESSO:Diagnostic_Test_Result_Properties Diagnostic_Test_Result_Properties diagnost test result properti diagnostic test result properties Diagnostic_Test_Result_Properties ESSO:Diagnostic_Test_Results Diagnostic_Test_Results diagnost test result diagnostic test results Diagnostic_Test_Results ESSO:Diastolic_Blood_Pressure Diastolic_Blood_Pressure diastol blood pressur diastolic blood pressure Diastolic_Blood_Pressure ESSO:Diffuse Diffuse 1981 Bancaud Diffus Noachter 1999 Diffuse: Occur over larg area of one or both side of the head (see generalized). 1981 bancaud diffuse noachter 1999 diffuse: occurring over large areas of one or both sides of the head (see generalized). diffus diffuse Diffuse ESSO:Diffuse_EEG Diffuse_EEG 1981 Bancaud Diffus Noachter 1999 Diffuse: Occur over larg area of one or both side of the head (see generalized). 1981 bancaud diffuse noachter 1999 diffuse: occurring over large areas of one or both sides of the head (see generalized). diffus e e g diffuse e e g Diffuse_EEG ESSO:Diffuse_Semiology Diffuse_Semiology diffus semiolog diffuse semiology Diffuse_Semiology ESSO:Diphasic Diphasic diphas diphasic Diphasic ESSO:Diphasic_Wave Diphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Diphas Wave: Complex consist of two wave compon develop on altern side of the baseline. diphas wave diphasic wave noachter 1999 diphasic wave: complex consisting of two wave components developed on alternate sides of the baseline. Diphasic_Wave ESSO:Dipolar Dipolar Noachter 1999 Dipolar: An EEG voltag field that display both negat and posit maxima. dipolar noachter 1999 dipolar: an eeg voltage field that displays both negative and positive maxima. Dipolar ESSO:Dipole Dipole Noachter 1999 Dipole: A theoret point-lik EEG sourc produc by a separ of negat and posit charge. Comment: common use to describ a cortic sourc that generat an EEG field in which both negat and posit maxima can be recorded, e.g. the \"horizont dipole\" of so call Roland spikes. dipol dipole noachter 1999 dipole: a theoretical point-like eeg source produced by a separation of negative and positive charge. comment: commonly used to describe a cortical source that generates an eeg field in which both negative and positive maxima can be recorded, e.g. the \"horizontal dipole\" of so called rolandic spikes. Dipole ESSO:Discharge Discharge Bancaud 1981 Noachter 1999 Discharge: Interpret term common use to design epileptiform and seizur pattern (see epileptiform pattern, seizur pattern). bancaud 1981 noachter 1999 discharge: interpretive term commonly used to designate epileptiform and seizure patterns (see epileptiform pattern, seizure pattern). discharg discharge Discharge ESSO:Discouraged_Use_Terms Discouraged_Use_Terms discourag use term discouraged use terms Discouraged_Use_Terms ESSO:Disease_Course Disease_Course Scheuermann 2009 Diseas Course: The total of all process through which a given diseas instanc is realized. Note that for ani given patient it may at ani given point in time be difficult to determin which type of diseas cours is involved. A singl episod of transient paralysi may be insuffici to arriv at a diagnosi of multipl sclerosi until a second episod occurs. Although the disposit was present at the time of the initi episode, our abil to diagnos the under disord is limit by the manifest that have been observ up to that point in time. diseas cours disease course scheuermann 2009 disease course: the totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. note that for any given patient it may at any given point in time be difficult to determine which type of disease course is involved. a single episode of transient paralysis may be insufficient to arrive at a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis until a second episode occurs. although the disposition was present at the time of the initial episode, our ability to diagnose the underlying disorder is limited by the manifestations that have been observed up to that point in time. Disease_Course ESSO:Displeasure Displeasure Bancaud 1981 Displeasur bancaud 1981 displeasure displeasur displeasure Displeasure ESSO:Distal Distal distal Distal ESSO:Distal_Limb Distal_Limb Blume 2001 Distal Limb: Indicat involv of fingers, hands, toes, and/or feet. blume 2001 distal limb: indicates involvement of fingers, hands, toes, and/or feet. distal limb Distal_Limb ESSO:Distance_Change Distance_Change Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. distanc chang distance change Distance_Change ESSO:Distortion Distortion distort distortion Distortion ESSO:Distortion_Of_Time_Sense_In_Memory Distortion_Of_Time_Sense_In_Memory Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi (distort of time sense) bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience (distortion of time sense) distort of time sens in memori distortion of time sense in memory Distortion_Of_Time_Sense_In_Memory ESSO:Distortion_of_Time_Sense Distortion_of_Time_Sense Bancaud 1981 Current perceiv a distort of time sense. bancaud 1981 currently perceiving a distortion of time sense. distort of time sens distortion of time sense Distortion_of_Time_Sense ESSO:Distribution Distribution Noachter 1999 Focus: A limit region of the scalp, cerebr cortex, or depth of the brain display a given EEG activity, either normal or abnormal. distribut distribution noachter 1999 focus: a limited region of the scalp, cerebral cortex, or depth of the brain displaying a given eeg activity, either normal or abnormal. Distribution ESSO:Distribution_EEG Distribution_EEG Noachter 1999 Asymmetry: Unequal amplitud of EEG activ over homolog area on opposit side of the head. distribut e e g distribution e e g noachter 1999 asymmetry: unequal amplitude of eeg activities over homologous areas on opposite sides of the head. Distribution_EEG ESSO:Distribution_Of_Semiologic_Seizure Distribution_Of_Semiologic_Seizure This discuss the anatom distribut of seizur semiology. distribut of semiolog seizur distribution of semiologic seizure this discusses the anatomic distribution of seizure semiology. Distribution_Of_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Distribution_PK Distribution_PK distribut p k distribution p k Distribution_PK ESSO:Diurnal_Cycle Diurnal_Cycle ILAE 1989 Diurnal Cycl diurnal cycl diurnal cycle ilae 1989 diurnal cycling Diurnal_Cycle ESSO:Dominant_Hemisphere Dominant_Hemisphere domin hemispher dominant hemisphere Dominant_Hemisphere ESSO:Doose_Syndrome Doose_Syndrome \"Doos Syndrome, also call Myoclonic-Astat Epilepsi (MAE), is an epilept condit in children that has no known cause. The seizures, which often begin between the age of 1 and 5, can be frequent and involv the abrupt loss of muscl control, caus the child to fall to the ground, often result in injury.\" \"doose syndrome, also called myoclonic-astatic epilepsy (mae), is an epileptic condition in children that has no known cause. the seizures, which often begin between the ages of 1 and 5, can be frequent and involve the abrupt loss of muscle control, causing the child to fall to the ground, often resulting in injury.\" doos syndrom doose syndrome Doose_Syndrome ESSO:Doroslateral_Region Doroslateral_Region doroslater region doroslateral region Doroslateral_Region ESSO:Dorsolateral_Seizure Dorsolateral_Seizure ILAE 1989 Dorsolateral. Dorsolater seizur pattern may be tonic or, less commonly, clonic with versiv eye and head movement and speech arrest. dorsolater seizur dorsolateral seizure ilae 1989 dorsolateral. dorsolateral seizure patterns may be tonic or, less commonly, clonic with versive eye and head movements and speech arrest. Dorsolateral_Seizure ESSO:Downs_Syndrome Downs_Syndrome d0000510 down syndrom downs syndrome Downs_Syndrome ESSO:Dravet_Syndrome Dravet_Syndrome Dravet syndrom is a rare, catastrophic, lifelong form of epilepsi that begin in the first year of life with frequent and/or prolong seizures. Previous known as Sever Myoclon Epilepsi of Infanci (SMEI), Engel 2001 Dravet Syndrom ILAE 2010 Dravet Syndrom dravet syndrom dravet syndrome dravet syndrome is a rare, catastrophic, lifelong form of epilepsy that begins in the first year of life with frequent and/or prolonged seizures. previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (smei), engel 2001 dravet's syndrome ilae 2010 dravet's syndrome Dravet_Syndrome ESSO:Dreaming Dreaming dream dreaming Dreaming ESSO:Dreamy_State Dreamy_State Bancaud 1981 Current in a dreami state bancaud 1981 currently in a dreamy state dreami state dreamy state Dreamy_State ESSO:Droop Droop Bancaud 1981 Droop of the head bancaud 1981 drooping of the head droop Droop ESSO:Drooping Drooping droop drooping Drooping ESSO:Drop Drop Bancaud 1981 Object held int he hand may be dropped. Drop of the arm bancaud 1981 objects held int he hand may be dropped. dropping of the arms drop Drop ESSO:Drug_Abuse Drug_Abuse Engel 2001 Alcohol and drug abus drug abus drug abuse engel 2001 alcohol and drug abuse Drug_Abuse ESSO:Drumming_Sounds Drumming_Sounds Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. drum sound drumming sounds Drumming_Sounds ESSO:Dull_Pain Dull_Pain dull pain Dull_Pain ESSO:Duration_EEG Duration_EEG durat e e g duration e e g Duration_EEG ESSO:Duration_Greater_Than_1_minute Duration_Greater_Than_1_minute durat greater than 1 minut duration greater than 1 minute Duration_Greater_Than_1_minute ESSO:Duration_Of_A_Semiologic_Seizure Duration_Of_A_Semiologic_Seizure Blume 2001 Duration: Time between the begin of initi seizur manifestations, such as the aura, and the cessat of experienc or observ seizur activity. Doe not includ nonspecif seizur premonit or postict states. blume 2001 duration: time between the beginning of initial seizure manifestations, such as the aura, and the cessation of experienced or observed seizure activity. does not include nonspecific seizure premonitions or postictal states. durat of a semiolog seizur duration of a semiologic seizure Duration_Of_A_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Duration_Of_Seizure_Condition Duration_Of_Seizure_Condition durat of seizur condit duration of seizure condition Duration_Of_Seizure_Condition ESSO:Duration_Of_Semiologic_Seizure Duration_Of_Semiologic_Seizure durat of semiolog seizur duration of semiologic seizure Duration_Of_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Duration_Of_Semiologic_Seizure_Complex Duration_Of_Semiologic_Seizure_Complex durat of semiolog seizur complex duration of semiologic seizure complex Duration_Of_Semiologic_Seizure_Complex ESSO:Duration_greater_than_3_seconds Duration_greater_than_3_seconds durat greater than 3 second duration greater than 3 seconds Duration_greater_than_3_seconds ESSO:Duration_of_EEG_Complex Duration_of_EEG_Complex Noachter 1999 Duration: (1) The interv from begin to end of an individu wave or complex. Comment: the durat of the cycl of individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat wave or complex is refer to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) The time that a sequenc of wave or complex or ani other distinguish featur last in an EEG record. durat of e e g complex duration of e e g complex noachter 1999 duration: (1) the interval from beginning to end of an individual wave or complex. comment: the duration of the cycle of individual components of a sequence of regularly repeating waves or complexes is referred to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) the time that a sequence of waves or complexes or any other distinguishable feature lasts in an eeg record. Duration_of_EEG_Complex ESSO:Duration_of_Ictal_Seizure Duration_of_Ictal_Seizure Noachter 1999 Duration: (1) The interv from begin to end of an individu wave or complex. Comment: the durat of the cycl of individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat wave or complex is refer to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) The time that a sequenc of wave or complex or ani other distinguish featur last in an EEG record. durat of ictal seizur duration of ictal seizure noachter 1999 duration: (1) the interval from beginning to end of an individual wave or complex. comment: the duration of the cycle of individual components of a sequence of regularly repeating waves or complexes is referred to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) the time that a sequence of waves or complexes or any other distinguishable feature lasts in an eeg record. Duration_of_Ictal_Seizure ESSO:Duration_of_Observed_Seizure Duration_of_Observed_Seizure durat of observ seizur duration of observed seizure Duration_of_Observed_Seizure ESSO:Duration_of_Waveform Duration_of_Waveform Noachter 1999 Duration: (1) The interv from begin to end of an individu wave or complex. Comment: the durat of the cycl of individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat wave or complex is refer to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) The time that a sequenc of wave or complex or ani other distinguish featur last in an EEG record. durat of waveform duration of waveform noachter 1999 duration: (1) the interval from beginning to end of an individual wave or complex. comment: the duration of the cycle of individual components of a sequence of regularly repeating waves or complexes is referred to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) the time that a sequence of waves or complexes or any other distinguishable feature lasts in an eeg record. Duration_of_Waveform ESSO:Duration_one_to_several_seconds Duration_one_to_several_seconds durat one to sever second duration one to several seconds Duration_one_to_several_seconds ESSO:Dyscognitive Dyscognitive Bancaud 1981. These includ dreami states, distort of time sense, sensat of unreality, detachment, or depersonalization. Blume 2001 Dyscognit The term describ event in which (1) disturb of cognit is the predomin or most appar feature, and (2a) two or more of the follow compon are involved, or (2b) involv of such compon remain undetermined. Otherwise, use the more specif term (e.g., “mnemon experienti seizure” or “hallucinatori experienti seizure”). Compon of cognition: perception: symbol concept of sensori inform attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech bancaud 1981. these include dreamy states, distortions of time sense, sensations of unreality, detachment, or depersonalization. blume 2001 dyscognitive the term describes events in which (1) disturbance of cognition is the predominant or most apparent feature, and (2a) two or more of the following components are involved, or (2b) involvement of such components remains undetermined. otherwise, use the more specific term (e.g., “mnemonic experiential seizure” or “hallucinatory experiential seizure”). components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech dyscognit dyscognitive Dyscognitive ESSO:Dyscognitive_Seizure Dyscognitive_Seizure Blume 2001 Dyscognit The term describ event in which (1) disturb of cognit is the predomin or most appar feature, and (2a) two or more of the follow compon are involved, or (2b) involv of such compon remain undetermined. Otherwise, use the more specif term (e.g., “mnemon experienti seizure” or “hallucinatori experienti seizure”). Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 dyscognitive the term describes events in which (1) disturbance of cognition is the predominant or most apparent feature, and (2a) two or more of the following components are involved, or (2b) involvement of such components remains undetermined. otherwise, use the more specific term (e.g., “mnemonic experiential seizure” or “hallucinatory experiential seizure”). components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech dyscognit seizur dyscognitive seizure Dyscognitive_Seizure ESSO:Dyscognitive_Status Dyscognitive_Status dyscognit status dyscognitive status Dyscognitive_Status ESSO:Dysembryoplastic_Neuroepithelial_Tumor_DNET Dysembryoplastic_Neuroepithelial_Tumor_DNET dysembryoplast neuroepitheli tumor d n e t dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor d n e t engel 2001 dnet Dysembryoplastic_Neuroepithelial_Tumor_DNET ESSO:Dysmnesia Dysmnesia Ani Impairment of memory. any impairment of memory. dysmnesia Dysmnesia ESSO:Dysphasic_Automotor_Seizure Dysphasic_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Dysphasic: Impair communic involv languag without dysfunct of relev primari motor or sensori pathways, manifest as impair comprehension, anomia, paraphas errors, or a combin of these. blume 2001 dysphasic: impaired communication involving language without dysfunction of relevant primary motor or sensory pathways, manifested as impaired comprehension, anomia, paraphasic errors, or a combination of these. dysphas automotor seizur dysphasic automotor seizure Dysphasic_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Dysphasic_Automotor_Status Dysphasic_Automotor_Status dysphas automotor status dysphasic automotor status Dysphasic_Automotor_Status ESSO:Dyspraxic_Automotor_Seizure Dyspraxic_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Dyspraxic: Inabil to perform learn movement spontan or on command or imit despit intact relev motor and sensori system and adequ comprehens and cooperation. blume 2001 dyspraxic: inability to perform learned movements spontaneously or on command or imitation despite intact relevant motor and sensory systems and adequate comprehension and cooperation. dysprax automotor seizur dyspraxic automotor seizure Dyspraxic_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Dyspraxic_Automotor_Status Dyspraxic_Automotor_Status dysprax automotor status dyspraxic automotor status Dyspraxic_Automotor_Status ESSO:Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Myoclonia Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Myoclonia dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonia dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Myoclonia ESSO:Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Myoclonia_DCM_with_Epilepsy Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Myoclonia_DCM_with_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonia (DCM) with epilepsi Dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonia (DCM) with epilepsi (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) appear between the age of 6 and 20 year (mean 11 years) with myoclonia or GTCS. Above all, the myoclon syndrom is character by action and intent myoclonus. The GTCS are rare and sensit to therapy. Mental deterioration, when present, is slow. Most of the neurolog manifest are limit to cerebellar signs. In the EEG, the background activ remain normal, with general paroxysm abnorm (spikes, spike-waves, and polyspike-waves), and photosensitivity. Dure REM sleep, rapid polyspik appear, local in the central and vertex regions. dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonia d c m with epilepsi dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia d c m with epilepsy ilae 1989 dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia (dcm) with epilepsy dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia (dcm) with epilepsy (ramsay-hunt syndrome) appears between the ages of 6 and 20 years (mean 11 years) with myoclonias or gtcs. above all, the myoclonic syndrome is characterized by action and intention myoclonus. the gtcs are rare and sensitive to therapy. mental deterioration, when present, is slow. most of the neurologic manifestations are limited to cerebellar signs. in the eeg, the background activity remains normal, with generalized paroxysmal abnormalities (spikes, spike-waves, and polyspike-waves), and photosensitivity. during rem sleep, rapid polyspikes appear, localized in the central and vertex regions. Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Myoclonia_DCM_with_Epilepsy ESSO:Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Progressiva Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Progressiva dyssynergia cerebellari progressiva dyssynergia cerebellaris progressiva Dyssynergia_Cerebellaris_Progressiva ESSO:Dystonic_Seizure Dystonic_Seizure Blume 2001 Dystonic: Sustain contract of both agonist and antagonist muscl produc athetoid or twist movements, which, when prolonged, may produc abnorm postures. blume 2001 dystonic: sustained contractions of both agonist and antagonist muscles producing athetoid or twisting movements, which, when prolonged, may produce abnormal postures. dyston seizur dystonic seizure Dystonic_Seizure ESSO:Dystonic_Status Dystonic_Status dyston status dystonic status Dystonic_Status ESSO:EEF1A2_Gene EEF1A2_Gene e e f1 a2 gene EEF1A2_Gene ESSO:EEG_Clinically_Used_Terms EEG_Clinically_Used_Terms e e g clinic use term e e g clinically used terms EEG_Clinically_Used_Terms ESSO:EEG_Electroencephalogram EEG_Electroencephalogram ILAE 1969 EEG Bancaud 1981 EEG ILAE 1989 EEG Type (intracranial, scalp), location, laterality, chronic Luder 1998 EEG find not use to classifi epilept seizures, use to differenti between epilept seizur and non epilept paroxysm event Paroxysmal: EEG Doe Not Show Ictal EEG Noachter 1999 Electroencephalogram: Record of electr activ of the brain taken by mean of electrod place on the surfac of the head, unless otherwis specified. Abbreviation: EEG. Noachter 1999 Electroencephalography: (1) The scienc relat to the electr activ of the brain. (2) The practic of record and interpret electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: EEG. Blume 2003 Determin hing on seizur description, frequency, age at onset, neurolog history, function enquiry, neurolog examin and one or more EEGs SIGN 2003 EEG Antiepielpt drug medic should not usual be start befor an EEG record sinc it may mask a syndrom diagnosi Standard EEG w/ synchon video repeat EEG record and sleep EEG Short/long term video EEG record AmbulatoryEEG record Fischer 2014 EEG e e g electroencephalogram ilae 1969 eeg bancaud 1981 eeg ilae 1989 eeg type (intracranial, scalp), location, laterality, chronicity luders 1998 eeg findings not used to classify epileptic seizures, used to differentiate between epileptic seizures and non epileptic paroxysmal events paroxysmal: eeg does not show ictal eeg noachter 1999 electroencephalogram: record of electrical activity of the brain taken by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head, unless otherwise specified. abbreviation: eeg. noachter 1999 electroencephalography: (1) the science relating to the electrical activity of the brain. (2) the practice of recording and interpreting electroencephalograms. abbreviation: eeg. blume 2003 determination hinges on seizure description, frequency, age at onset, neurological history, functional enquiry, neurological examination and one or more eegs sign 2003 eeg antiepielptic drug medication should not usually be started before an eeg recording since it may mask a syndromic diagnosis standard eeg w/ synchonized video repeat eeg recordings and sleep eeg short/long term video eeg recording ambulatoryeeg recording fischer 2014 eeg EEG_Electroencephalogram ESSO:EEG_Physical_Property_Terms EEG_Physical_Property_Terms e e g physic properti term e e g physical property terms EEG_Physical_Property_Terms ESSO:EEG_Seizure EEG_Seizure e e g seizur e e g seizure EEG_Seizure ESSO:EEG_Test_Result EEG_Test_Result 1970 Gastaut Electroencephalograph seizur type Interict express 1970 gastaut electroencephalographic seizure type interictal expression e e g test result EEG_Test_Result ESSO:EFHC1_Gene EFHC1_Gene e f h c1 gene EFHC1_Gene ESSO:EKG EKG SIGN 2006 Electrocardiographi e k g sign 2006 electrocardiography EKG ESSO:ELP4_Gene ELP4_Gene e l p4 gene ELP4_Gene ESSO:Early_Infantile_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_EIEE Early_Infantile_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_EIEE d0000514 earli infantil epilept encephalopathi e i e e early infantile epileptic encephalopathy e i e e Early_Infantile_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_EIEE ESSO:Early_Infantile_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_with_Suppression_Burst Early_Infantile_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_with_Suppression_Burst ILAE 1989 Ear infantil epilept encephalopathi with suppress burst This syndrome, describ by Ohtahara et al. (1976), is defin by veri earli onset, within the first few month of life, frequent tonic spasms, and suppress burst EEG pattern in both wake and sleep states. Partial seizur may occur. Myoclon seizur are rare. Etiolog and under patholog are obscure. The prognosi is serious with sever psychomotor retard and seizur intractability; often there is evolut to the West syndrom at age 4-6 months. earli infantil epilept encephalopathi with suppress burst early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst ilae 1989 early infantile epileptic encephalopathy with suppression burst this syndrome, described by ohtahara et al. (1976), is defined by very early onset, within the first few months of life, frequent tonic spasms, and suppression burst eeg pattern in both waking and sleeping states. partial seizures may occur. myoclonic seizures are rare. etiology and underlying pathology are obscure. the prognosis is serious with severe psychomotor retardation and seizure intractability; often there is evolution to the west syndrome at age 4-6 months. Early_Infantile_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_with_Suppression_Burst ESSO:Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_EME Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_EME ILAE 1989 Ear myoclon encephalopathi The princip featur of earli myoclon encephalopathi are onset occur befor age 3 months, initi fragmentari myoclonus, and then errat partial seizures, massiv myoclonias, or tonic spasms. The EEG is character by suppression-burst activity, which may evolv into hypsarrhythmia. The cours is severe, psychomotor develop is arrested, and death may occur in the first year. Famili case are frequent and suggest the influenc of one or sever congenit metabol errors, but there is no constant genet pattern. Engel 2001 Ear Myoclon Encephalopathi ILAE 2010 Ear Myoclon Encephalopathi (EME) earli myoclon encephalopathi e m e early myoclonic encephalopathy e m e ilae 1989 early myoclonic encephalopathy the principal features of early myoclonic encephalopathy are onset occurring before age 3 months, initially fragmentary myoclonus, and then erratic partial seizures, massive myoclonias, or tonic spasms. the eeg is characterized by suppression-burst activity, which may evolve into hypsarrhythmia. the course is severe, psychomotor development is arrested, and death may occur in the first year. familial cases are frequent and suggest the influence of one or several congenital metabolic errors, but there is no constant genetic pattern. engel 2001 early myoclonic encephalopathy ilae 2010 early myoclonic encephalopathy (eme) Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_EME ESSO:Eating Eating Engel 2001 Eate eating engel 2001 eating Eating ESSO:Electroencephalogram_EEG_Property Electroencephalogram_EEG_Property ILAE 1989 Electroencephalograph characterist electroencephalogram e e g properti electroencephalogram e e g property ilae 1989 electroencephalographic characteristics Electroencephalogram_EEG_Property ESSO:Electrophysiologic_Test Electrophysiologic_Test ILAE 1989 2010 Berg Electrograph characterist Electrophysiolog electrophysiolog test electrophysiologic test ilae 1989 2010 berg electrographic characteristics electrophysiology Electrophysiologic_Test ESSO:Elongation Elongation elong elongation Elongation ESSO:Emotion Emotion Bancaud 1981 (Seizure) symptom tend to come in attack last for a few minutes. Blume 2001 Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech bancaud 1981 (seizure) symptoms tend to come in attacks lasting for a few minutes. blume 2001 components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech emot emotion Emotion ESSO:Emptiness Emptiness empti emptiness Emptiness ESSO:Encoches_Frontal Encoches_Frontal Noachter 1999 Encoch Frontal: Frontal sharp wave in newborns. encoch frontal encoches frontal noachter 1999 encoches frontal: frontal sharp waves in newborns. Encoches_Frontal ESSO:Engel_2001_1.0_Diagnostic_Scheme Engel_2001_1.0_Diagnostic_Scheme Engel 2006 The object will be to make ani new classif adapt to be use for specif purposes, includ exchang of clinic inform among physicians, teaching, clinic research activ such as epidemiolog studi and drug trials, basic research, and genet investigations. Tabl 1: Propos diagnost scheme for peopl with epilept seizur and with epilepsi Epilept seizur and epilepsi syndrom are to be describ and categor accord to a system that util standard terminolog and that is suffici flexibl to take into account the follow practic and dynam aspect of epilepsi diagnosis: (1) Some patient cannot be given a recogn syndrom diagnosis. (2) Seizur type and syndrom chang as new inform is obtained. (3) Complet and detail descript of ictal phenomenolog are not alway necessary. (4) Multipl classif scheme can, and should, be design for specif purpos (e.g. communic and teaching; therapeut trials; epidemiolog investigations; select of surgic candidates; basic research; genet characterizations). This diagnost scheme is divid into five parts, or Axes, organ to facilit a logic clinic approach to the develop of hypothes necessari to determin the diagnost studi and therapeut strategi to be undertaken in individu patients: Axis 1: Ictal phenomenology—from the Glossari of Descript Ictal Terminology, can be use to describ ictal event with ani degre of detail needed. Asix 2: Seizur type: from the List of Epilept Seizures. Local within the brain and precipit stimuli for reflex seizur should be specifi when appropriate. Axis 3: Syndrome: from the List of Epilepsi Syndromes, with the understand that a syndrom diagnosi may not alway be possible. Axis 4: Etiology: from a Classif of Diseas Frequent Associat with Epilept Seizur or Epilepsi Syndrom when possible, genet defects, or specif patholog substrat for symptomat focal epilepsies. Axis 5: Impairment: this optional, but often useful, addit diagnost paramet can be deriv from an impair classif adapt from the WHO ICIDH-2. The diagnost scheme describ here will be made up of flexibl and dynam modul within which the Task Forc will make period chang and updat as needed, with the approv of the Execut Committee. The Task Forc is propos that this diagnost scheme includ the develop of flexible, rather than rigid, classifications, elimin the need for the Gener Assembly, which meet onli onc everi 2 years, to agre on everi revision. Acceptanc of this diagnost scheme, therefore, doe not exclud the creation of various classif system for seizur and syndromes, or the continu use of some aspect of the current classification. The Task Forc will be concern with the construct of classif system dure the next Execut term, but it is anticip that seizur and syndrom will not be organ into fix dichotom classifications, but rather categor in various way for various purposes. engel 2001 1.0 diagnost scheme engel 2001 1.0 diagnostic scheme engel 2006 the objective will be to make any new classification adaptable to be used for specific purposes, including exchange of clinical information among physicians, teaching, clinical research activities such as epidemiological studies and drug trials, basic research, and genetic investigations. table 1: proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy epileptic seizures and epilepsy syndromes are to be described and categorized according to a system that utilizes standardized terminology and that is sufficiently flexible to take into account the following practical and dynamic aspects of epilepsy diagnosis: (1) some patients cannot be given a recognized syndromic diagnosis. (2) seizure types and syndromes change as new information is obtained. (3) complete and detailed descriptions of ictal phenomenology are not always necessary. (4) multiple classification schemes can, and should, be designed for specific purposes (e.g. communication and teaching; therapeutic trials; epidemiological investigations; selection of surgical candidates; basic research; genetic characterizations). this diagnostic scheme is divided into five parts, or axes, organized to facilitate a logical clinical approach to the development of hypotheses necessary to determine the diagnostic studies and therapeutic strategies to be undertaken in individual patients: axis 1: ictal phenomenology—from the glossary of descriptive ictal terminology, can be used to describe ictal events with any degree of detail needed. asix 2: seizure type: from the list of epileptic seizures. localization within the brain and precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures should be specified when appropriate. axis 3: syndrome: from the list of epilepsy syndromes, with the understanding that a syndromic diagnosis may not always be possible. axis 4: etiology: from a classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizures or epilepsy syndromes when possible, genetic defects, or specific pathological substrates for symptomatic focal epilepsies. axis 5: impairment: this optional, but often useful, additional diagnostic parameter can be derived from an impairment classification adapted from the who icidh-2. the diagnostic scheme described here will be made up of flexible and dynamic modules within which the task force will make periodic changes and updates as needed, with the approval of the executive committee. the task force is proposing that this diagnostic scheme include the development of flexible, rather than rigid, classifications, eliminating the need for the general assembly, which meets only once every 2 years, to agree on every revision. acceptance of this diagnostic scheme, therefore, does not exclude the creation of various classification systems for seizures and syndromes, or the continued use of some aspects of the current classification. the task force will be concerned with the construction of classification systems during the next executive term, but it is anticipated that seizures and syndromes will not be organized into fixed dichotomous classifications, but rather categorized in various ways for various purposes. Engel_2001_1.0_Diagnostic_Scheme ESSO:Engel_2001_2.01_Epileptic_Seizure_Type Engel_2001_2.01_Epileptic_Seizure_Type Engel 2006 Epilept seizur type: An ictal event believ to repres a uniqu pathophysiolog mechan and anatom substrate. This is a diagnost entiti with etiological, therapeut and prognost implic (new concept). engel 2001 2.01 epilept seizur type engel 2001 2.01 epileptic seizure type engel 2006 epileptic seizure type: an ictal event believed to represent a unique pathophysiological mechanism and anatomical substrate. this is a diagnostic entity with etiological, therapeutic and prognostic implications (new concept). Engel_2001_2.01_Epileptic_Seizure_Type ESSO:Engel_2001_2.02_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.02_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2006 Epilepsi syndrome: A complex of sign and symptom that defin a uniqu epilepsi condit with differ etiologies. This must involv more than just the seizur type; thus frontal lobe seizur per se, for instance, do not constitut a syndrom (chang concept). engel 2001 2.02 epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 2.02 epilepsy syndrome engel 2006 epilepsy syndrome: a complex of signs and symptoms that define a unique epilepsy condition with different etiologies. this must involve more than just the seizure type; thus frontal lobe seizures per se, for instance, do not constitute a syndrome (changed concept). Engel_2001_2.02_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_2.03_Epilepsy_Disease Engel_2001_2.03_Epilepsy_Disease Engel 2006 Epilepsi disease: A patholog condit with a singl specific, well-defin etiology. Thus, progress myoclonus epilepsi is a syndrome, but Unverricht–Lundborg is a diseas (new concept). engel 2001 2.03 epilepsi diseas engel 2001 2.03 epilepsy disease engel 2006 epilepsy disease: a pathological condition with a single specific, well-defined etiology. thus, progressive myoclonus epilepsy is a syndrome, but unverricht–lundborg is a disease (new concept). Engel_2001_2.03_Epilepsy_Disease ESSO:Engel_2001_2.04_Epileptic_Encephalopathy Engel_2001_2.04_Epileptic_Encephalopathy Engel 2006 Epilept encephalopathy: A condit in which the epilept process themselv are believ to contribut to the disturb in cerebr function (new concept) engel 2001 2.04 epilept encephalopathi engel 2001 2.04 epileptic encephalopathy engel 2006 epileptic encephalopathy: a condition in which the epileptic processes themselves are believed to contribute to the disturbance in cerebral function (new concept) Engel_2001_2.04_Epileptic_Encephalopathy ESSO:Engel_2001_2.05_Benign_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.05_Benign_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2006 Benign epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom character by epilept seizur that are easili treated, or requir no treatment and remit without sequela (clarifi concept). engel 2001 2.05 benign epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 2.05 benign epilepsy syndrome engel 2006 benign epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome characterized by epileptic seizures that are easily treated, or require no treatment and remit without sequelae (clarified concept). Engel_2001_2.05_Benign_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_2.06_Reflex_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.06_Reflex_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2001 Reflex epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom in which all epilept seizur are precipit by sensori stimuli. Reflex seizur that occur in focal and general epilepsi syndrom that are also associ with spontan seizur are list as seizur types. Isolat reflex seizur can also occur in situat that do not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsy. Seizur precipit by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizur (chang concept). engel 2001 2.06 reflex epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 2.06 reflex epilepsy syndrome engel 2001 reflex epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome in which all epileptic seizures are precipitated by sensory stimuli. reflex seizures that occur in focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes that are also associated with spontaneous seizures are listed as seizure types. isolated reflex seizures can also occur in situations that do not necessarily require a diagnosis of epilepsy. seizures precipitated by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizures (changed concept). Engel_2001_2.06_Reflex_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_2.07_Focal_Seizure_and_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.07_Focal_Seizure_and_Syndrome Engel 2006 Focal seizur and syndromes: Replac the term partial seizur and localization-rel syndrom (chang terms). engel 2001 2.07 focal seizur and syndrom engel 2001 2.07 focal seizure and syndrome engel 2006 focal seizures and syndromes: replaces the terms partial seizures and localization-related syndromes (changed terms). Engel_2001_2.07_Focal_Seizure_and_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_2.08_Simple_and_Complex_Partial_Epileptic_Seizure Engel_2001_2.08_Simple_and_Complex_Partial_Epileptic_Seizure Engel 2006 Simpl and complex partial epilept seizures: These term are no longer recommended, nor will they be replaced. Ictal impair of conscious will be describ when appropri for individu seizures, but will not be use to classifi specif seizur type (new concept). engel 2001 2.08 simpl and complex partial epilept seizur engel 2001 2.08 simple and complex partial epileptic seizure engel 2006 simple and complex partial epileptic seizures: these terms are no longer recommended, nor will they be replaced. ictal impairment of consciousness will be described when appropriate for individual seizures, but will not be used to classify specific seizure types (new concept). Engel_2001_2.08_Simple_and_Complex_Partial_Epileptic_Seizure ESSO:Engel_2001_2.09_Idiopathic_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.09_Idiopathic_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2006 Idiopath epilepsi syndromes: A syndrom that is onli epilepsy, with no under structur brain lesion or other neurolog sign or symptoms. These are presum to be genet and are usual age-depend (unchang term). engel 2001 2.09 idiopath epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 2.09 idiopathic epilepsy syndrome engel 2006 idiopathic epilepsy syndromes: a syndrome that is only epilepsy, with no underlying structural brain lesion or other neurological signs or symptoms. these are presumed to be genetic and are usually age-dependent (unchanged term). Engel_2001_2.09_Idiopathic_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_2.0_Definition_of_Key_Terms Engel_2001_2.0_Definition_of_Key_Terms Engel 2006 Tabl 1: Definit of key term Epilept seizur type: An ictal event believ to repres a uniqu pathophysiolog mechan and anatom substrate. This is a diagnost entiti with etiological, therapeut and prognost implic (new concept). Epilepsi syndrome: A complex of sign and symptom that defin a uniqu epilepsi condit with differ etiologies. This must involv more than just the seizur type; thus frontal lobe seizur per se, for instance, do not constitut a syndrom (chang concept). Epilepsi disease: A patholog condit with a singl specific, well-defin etiology. Thus, progress myoclonus epilepsi is a syndrome, but Unverricht–Lundborg is a diseas (new concept). Epilept encephalopathy: A condit in which the epilept process themselv are believ to contribut to the disturb in cerebr function (new concept) Benign epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom character by epilept seizur that are easili treated, or requir no treatment and remit without sequela (clarifi concept). Reflex epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom in which all epilept seizur are precipit by sensori stimuli. Reflex seizur that occur in focal and general epilepsi syndrom that are also associ with spontan seizur are list as seizur types. Isolat reflex seizur can also occur in situat that do not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsy. Seizur precipit by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizur (chang concept). Focal seizur and syndromes: Replac the term partial seizur and localization-rel syndrom (chang terms). Simpl and complex partial epilept seizures: These term are no longer recommended, nor will they be replaced. Ictal impair of conscious will be describ when appropri for individu seizures, but will not be use to classifi specif seizur type (new concept) Idiopath epilepsi syndromes: A syndrom that is onli epilepsy, with no under structur brain lesion or other neurolog sign or symptoms. These are presum to be genet and are usual age-depend (unchang term). Symptomat epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom in which the epilept seizur are the result of one or more identifi structur lesion of the brain (unchang term). Probabl symptomat epilepsi syndrome: Synonym with, but prefer to, the term cryptogenic, use to defin syndrom that are believ to be symptomatic, but no etiolog has been identifi (new term). engel 2001 2.0 definit of key term engel 2001 2.0 definition of key terms engel 2006 table 1: definitions of key terms epileptic seizure type: an ictal event believed to represent a unique pathophysiological mechanism and anatomical substrate. this is a diagnostic entity with etiological, therapeutic and prognostic implications (new concept). epilepsy syndrome: a complex of signs and symptoms that define a unique epilepsy condition with different etiologies. this must involve more than just the seizure type; thus frontal lobe seizures per se, for instance, do not constitute a syndrome (changed concept). epilepsy disease: a pathological condition with a single specific, well-defined etiology. thus, progressive myoclonus epilepsy is a syndrome, but unverricht–lundborg is a disease (new concept). epileptic encephalopathy: a condition in which the epileptic processes themselves are believed to contribute to the disturbance in cerebral function (new concept) benign epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome characterized by epileptic seizures that are easily treated, or require no treatment and remit without sequelae (clarified concept). reflex epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome in which all epileptic seizures are precipitated by sensory stimuli. reflex seizures that occur in focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes that are also associated with spontaneous seizures are listed as seizure types. isolated reflex seizures can also occur in situations that do not necessarily require a diagnosis of epilepsy. seizures precipitated by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizures (changed concept). focal seizures and syndromes: replaces the terms partial seizures and localization-related syndromes (changed terms). simple and complex partial epileptic seizures: these terms are no longer recommended, nor will they be replaced. ictal impairment of consciousness will be described when appropriate for individual seizures, but will not be used to classify specific seizure types (new concept) idiopathic epilepsy syndromes: a syndrome that is only epilepsy, with no underlying structural brain lesion or other neurological signs or symptoms. these are presumed to be genetic and are usually age-dependent (unchanged term). symptomatic epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome in which the epileptic seizures are the result of one or more identifiable structural lesions of the brain (unchanged term). probably symptomatic epilepsy syndrome: synonymous with, but preferred to, the term cryptogenic, used to define syndromes that are believed to be symptomatic, but no etiology has been identified (new term). Engel_2001_2.0_Definition_of_Key_Terms ESSO:Engel_2001_2.10_Symptomatic_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.10_Symptomatic_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2006 Symptomat epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom in which the epilept seizur are the result of one or more identifi structur lesion of the brain (unchang term). engel 2001 2.10 symptomat epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 2.10 symptomatic epilepsy syndrome engel 2006 symptomatic epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome in which the epileptic seizures are the result of one or more identifiable structural lesions of the brain (unchanged term). Engel_2001_2.10_Symptomatic_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_2.11_Probably_Symptomatic_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_2.11_Probably_Symptomatic_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2006 Probabl symptomat epilepsi syndrome: Synonym with, but prefer to, the term cryptogenic, use to defin syndrom that are believ to be symptomatic, but no etiolog has been identifi (new term). engel 2001 2.11 probabl symptomat epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 2.11 probably symptomatic epilepsy syndrome engel 2006 probably symptomatic epilepsy syndrome: synonymous with, but preferred to, the term cryptogenic, used to define syndromes that are believed to be symptomatic, but no etiology has been identified (new term). Engel_2001_2.11_Probably_Symptomatic_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_3.0_Epileptic_Seizure_Types_and_Precipitating_Stimuli_for_Reflex_Seizures Engel_2001_3.0_Epileptic_Seizure_Types_and_Precipitating_Stimuli_for_Reflex_Seizures engel 2001 3.0 epilept seizur type and precipit stimuli for reflex seizur engel 2001 3.0 epileptic seizure types and precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures Engel_2001_3.0_Epileptic_Seizure_Types_and_Precipitating_Stimuli_for_Reflex_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_4.0_Epilepsy_Syndromes_and_Related_Conditions Engel_2001_4.0_Epilepsy_Syndromes_and_Related_Conditions engel 2001 4.0 epilepsi syndrom and relat condit engel 2001 4.0 epilepsy syndromes and related conditions Engel_2001_4.0_Epilepsy_Syndromes_and_Related_Conditions ESSO:Engel_2001_5.0_An_Example_Of_Classification_Of_Epilepsy_Syndromes Engel_2001_5.0_An_Example_Of_Classification_Of_Epilepsy_Syndromes Engel 2001 An exampl of classif of epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 5.0 an exampl of classif of epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 5.0 an example of classification of epilepsy syndromes engel 2001 an example of classification of epilepsy syndromes Engel_2001_5.0_An_Example_Of_Classification_Of_Epilepsy_Syndromes ESSO:Engel_2001_6.0_An_Example_Of_A_Classification_Of_Diseases_Frequently_Associated_With_Epileptic_Seizures_Or_Syndromes Engel_2001_6.0_An_Example_Of_A_Classification_Of_Diseases_Frequently_Associated_With_Epileptic_Seizures_Or_Syndromes Engel 2001 An exampl of a classif of diseas frequent associ with epilept seizur or syndrom engel 2001 6.0 an exampl of a classif of diseas frequent associ with epilept seizur or syndrom engel 2001 6.0 an example of a classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizures or syndromes engel 2001 an example of a classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizures or syndromes Engel_2001_6.0_An_Example_Of_A_Classification_Of_Diseases_Frequently_Associated_With_Epileptic_Seizures_Or_Syndromes ESSO:Engel_2001_Absence_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Absence_Status_Epilepticus Engel 2001 Absenc Status Epilepticus engel 2001 absenc status epilepticus engel 2001 absence status epilepticus Engel_2001_Absence_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Acrocallosal_Syndrome Engel_2001_Acrocallosal_Syndrome Engel 2001 Acrocallos syndrom engel 2001 acrocallos syndrom engel 2001 acrocallosal syndrome Engel_2001_Acrocallosal_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Aicardi_Syndrome Engel_2001_Aicardi_Syndrome Engel 2001 Aicardi syndrom engel 2001 aicardi syndrom engel 2001 aicardi syndrome Engel_2001_Aicardi_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures Engel_2001_Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures Engel 2001 Alcohol-Withdraw Seizur engel 2001 alcohol- withdraw seizur engel 2001 alcohol- withdrawal seizures engel 2001 alcohol-withdrawal seizures Engel_2001_Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Alcohol_And_Drug_Abuse Engel_2001_Alcohol_And_Drug_Abuse Engel 2001 Alcohol and drug abus engel 2001 alcohol and drug abus engel 2001 alcohol and drug abuse Engel_2001_Alcohol_And_Drug_Abuse ESSO:Engel_2001_Astrocytomas Engel_2001_Astrocytomas Engel 2001 Astrocytoma engel 2001 astrocytoma engel 2001 astrocytomas Engel_2001_Astrocytomas ESSO:Engel_2001_Atonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Atonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Atonic Seizur engel 2001 aton seizur engel 2001 atonic seizures Engel_2001_Atonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Atypical_Absence_Seizures Engel_2001_Atypical_Absence_Seizures Engel 2001 Atypic Absenc Seizur engel 2001 atyp absenc seizur engel 2001 atypical absence seizures Engel_2001_Atypical_Absence_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Aura_Continua Engel_2001_Aura_Continua engel 2001 aura continua Engel_2001_Aura_Continua ESSO:Engel_2001_Autosomal_Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Autosomal_Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Autosom Domin Nocturn Frontal Lobe Epilepsi engel 2001 autosom domin nocturn frontal lobe epilepsi engel 2001 autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy Engel_2001_Autosomal_Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Axis_1_Ictal_Phenomenology Engel_2001_Axis_1_Ictal_Phenomenology Engel 2001 Axis 1 consist of a descript of the ictal semiology, use a standard Glossari of Descript Terminology. The descript of the ictal event, without refer to etiology, anatomy, or mechanisms, can be veri brief or extrem detailed, as requir for clinic or research purposes. Although detail descript of the onset and evolut of local ictal phenomena often are not necessary, they can be useful; for instance, in patient who are candid for surgic treatment, or for research design to elucid the anatom substrat or pathophysiolog mechan under specif clinic behaviors. Commun among clinicians, and among researchers, will be great enhanc by the establish of standard terminolog for describ ictal semiology. Engel 2006 Axis 1: Ictal phenomenology—from the Glossari of Descript Ictal Terminology, can be use to describ ictal event with ani degre of detail needed. Axis 1 of the diagnost scheme involv a detail descript of ictal phenomenolog util a glossari of descript ictal terminolog (Blume et al., 2001). This can be extrem valuabl for older patient with focal epilepsi who are be evalu for surgic resection, but is not like to be necessari in infant and young children, so it is optional. engel 2001 axi 1 ictal phenomenolog engel 2001 axis 1 consists of a description of the ictal semiology, using a standardized glossary of descriptive terminology. the description of the ictal event, without reference to etiology, anatomy, or mechanisms, can be very brief or extremely detailed, as required for clinical or research purposes. although detailed descriptions of the onset and evolution of localized ictal phenomena often are not necessary, they can be useful; for instance, in patients who are candidates for surgical treatment, or for research designed to elucidate the anatomic substrates or pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying specific clinical behaviors. communication among clinicians, and among researchers, will be greatly enhanced by the establishment of standardized terminology for describing ictal semiology. engel 2006 axis 1: ictal phenomenology—from the glossary of descriptive ictal terminology, can be used to describe ictal events with any degree of detail needed. axis 1 of the diagnostic scheme involves a detailed description of ictal phenomenology utilizing a glossary of descriptive ictal terminology (blume et al., 2001). this can be extremely valuable for older patients with focal epilepsy who are being evaluated for surgical resection, but is not likely to be necessary in infants and young children, so it is optional. engel 2001 axis 1 ictal phenomenology Engel_2001_Axis_1_Ictal_Phenomenology ESSO:Engel_2001_Axis_2_Seizure_Type Engel_2001_Axis_2_Seizure_Type Engel 2001 Epilept seizur type: An ictal event believ to repres a uniqu pathophysiolog mechan and anatom substrate. This is a diagnost entiti with etiological, therapeut and prognost implic (new concept). Axis 2 is the epilept seizur type, or types, experienc by the patient, deriv from a list of accept seizur type that repres diagnost entiti with etiologic, therapeutic, and/or prognost implications. Local within the brain should be specifi when this is appropriate, and in the case of reflex seizures, the specif stimulus also will be specifi here. The Task Forc has construct a list of accept epilept seizur types, includ form of status epilepticus, and precipit factor for reflex seizur (Tabl 3). Seizur type have been divid into self-limit seizur and continu seizures, and further divid into general seizur and focal seizures, but it is anticip that other approach to organization, categorization, and classif of seizur type will be devis for specif purposes. Engel 2006 Asix 2: Seizur type: from the List of Epilept Seizures. Local within the brain and precipit stimuli for reflex seizur should be specifi when appropriate. Axis 2 is diagnosi of specif seizur type(s). The concept of seizur type as a diagnost entity, rather than mere a descript of clinic behavior and EEG, as in the current 1981 seizur classif (Commiss of ILAE, 1981), is a new concept (Engel, 2001). The intent is that the seizure-typ diagnosi will have implic with respect to etiology, approach to diagnost evaluation, treatment and prognosis. One critic of the ILAE approach to classif is that syndrom diagnos often cannot be made. The establish of seizur type as diagnost entiti make it possibl for patient manag and prognosi to be deriv from a diagnosi of a specif seizur type when a syndrom diagnosi is not evident. Recogn seizur type are list in Tabl 3. Wherea there remain controversi regard some seizur types, particular focal seizur that occur most in older children and adults, there is general agreement on those seizur type that occur in infanc and earli childhood. Criteria for evalu epilept seizur type could includ pathophysiolog mechanisms; anatom substrates; respons to AEDs; ictal EEG patterns; propagation; postict features: and the epilepsi syndrom in which they occur. engel 2001 axi 2 seizur type engel 2001 axis 2 seizure type engel 2001 epileptic seizure type: an ictal event believed to represent a unique pathophysiological mechanism and anatomical substrate. this is a diagnostic entity with etiological, therapeutic and prognostic implications (new concept). axis 2 is the epileptic seizure type, or types, experienced by the patient, derived from a list of accepted seizure types that represent diagnostic entities with etiologic, therapeutic, and/or prognostic implications. localization within the brain should be specified when this is appropriate, and in the case of reflex seizures, the specific stimulus also will be specified here. the task force has constructed a list of accepted epileptic seizure types, including forms of status epilepticus, and precipitating factors for reflex seizures (table 3). seizure types have been divided into self-limited seizures and continuous seizures, and further divided into generalized seizures and focal seizures, but it is anticipated that other approaches to organization, categorization, and classification of seizure types will be devised for specific purposes. engel 2006 asix 2: seizure type: from the list of epileptic seizures. localization within the brain and precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures should be specified when appropriate. axis 2 is diagnosis of specific seizure type(s). the concept of seizure type as a diagnostic entity, rather than merely a description of clinical behavior and eeg, as in the current 1981 seizure classification (commission of ilae, 1981), is a new concept (engel, 2001). the intention is that the seizure-type diagnosis will have implications with respect to etiology, approaches to diagnostic evaluation, treatment and prognosis. one criticism of the ilae approach to classification is that syndromic diagnoses often cannot be made. the establishment of seizure types as diagnostic entities makes it possible for patient management and prognosis to be derived from a diagnosis of a specific seizure type when a syndromic diagnosis is not evident. recognized seizure types are listed in table 3. whereas there remains controversy regarding some seizure types, particularly focal seizures that occur mostly in older children and adults, there is general agreement on those seizure types that occur in infancy and early childhood. criteria for evaluating epileptic seizure types could include pathophysiologic mechanisms; anatomic substrates; response to aeds; ictal eeg patterns; propagation; postictal features: and the epilepsy syndromes in which they occur. Engel_2001_Axis_2_Seizure_Type ESSO:Engel_2001_Axis_3_Syndrome Engel_2001_Axis_3_Syndrome Engel 2001 Axis 3 is the syndrom diagnosi deriv from a list of accept epilepsi syndrom (Tabl 4), although it is understood that a syndrom diagnosi may not alway be possible. The recommend list distinguish between epilepsi syndrom and condit with epilept seizur that do not requir a diagnosi of epilepsy, and also identifi which syndrom are still in development. It is import to stress that the list shown in Tabl 4 contain syndrom that are still under discussion, such as the new concept of Idiopath general epilepsi with variabl phenotypes, and the reflex epilepsies, and that the Task Forc will continu to revis this list base on the result of further deliberations, input from the membership, and new information. As with epilept seizures, it is anticip that differ approach to organization, categorization, and classif of epilepsi syndrom will be creat for specif purposes. One exampl of an approach to classif of epilepsi syndrom is shown in Tabl 5. Wherea this classif system may be easi for epileptologist to understand, a more simplifi version will like be construct for teach purposes, and use by primari care physicians, wherea more detailed, or complet different, classif system might be necessari for epidemiolog studies, clinic drug trials, presurg evaluation, basic research, and genet characterizations. Engel 2006 Axis 3: Syndrome: from the List of Epilepsi Syndromes, with the understand that a syndrom diagnosi may not alway be possible. Axis 3 is diagnosi of a specif syndrome. Recogn syndrom are list in Tabl 4. Approxim half of these occur in infanc and earli childhood, most of which are non-controversial. Criteria for evalu epilepsi syndrom could includ epilept seizur type(s); age of onset; progress nature; interict EEG; associ interict sign and symptoms; pathophysiolog mechanisms; anatom substrates; etiolog categories: and genet basis. Seizur type and syndrom will be propos as testabl work hypothes subject to verification, falsif and revision. At ani point, hypothes can be disprov as new inform becom available. Organiz the list of recogn syndrom into one or more classif is the next step in this process. Featur that might be consid when organ syndrom of infanc and earli childhood into cluster with specif common includ autosomaldomin epilepsies; epilept encephalopathies; idiopath general epilepsies; idiopath focal epilepsies: and the famili of GEFS+ conditions. engel 2001 axi 3 syndrom engel 2001 axis 3 is the syndromic diagnosis derived from a list of accepted epilepsy syndromes (table 4), although it is understood that a syndromic diagnosis may not always be possible. the recommended list distinguishes between epilepsy syndromes and conditions with epileptic seizures that do not require a diagnosis of epilepsy, and also identifies which syndromes are still in development. it is important to stress that the list shown in table 4 contains syndromes that are still under discussion, such as the new concept of idiopathic generalized epilepsies with variable phenotypes, and the reflex epilepsies, and that the task force will continue to revise this list based on the results of further deliberations, input from the membership, and new information. as with epileptic seizures, it is anticipated that different approaches to organization, categorization, and classification of epilepsy syndromes will be created for specific purposes. one example of an approach to classification of epilepsy syndromes is shown in table 5. whereas this classification system may be easy for epileptologists to understand, a more simplified version will likely be constructed for teaching purposes, and used by primary care physicians, whereas more detailed, or completely different, classification systems might be necessary for epidemiologic studies, clinical drug trials, presurgical evaluation, basic research, and genetic characterizations. engel 2006 axis 3: syndrome: from the list of epilepsy syndromes, with the understanding that a syndromic diagnosis may not always be possible. axis 3 is diagnosis of a specific syndrome. recognized syndromes are listed in table 4. approximately half of these occur in infancy and early childhood, most of which are non-controversial. criteria for evaluating epilepsy syndromes could include epileptic seizure type(s); age of onset; progressive nature; interictal eeg; associated interictal signs and symptoms; pathophysiologic mechanisms; anatomic substrates; etiological categories: and genetic basis. seizure types and syndromes will be proposed as testable working hypotheses subject to verification, falsification and revision. at any point, hypotheses can be disproved as new information becomes available. organizing the list of recognized syndromes into one or more classifications is the next step in this process. features that might be considered when organizing syndromes of infancy and early childhood into clusters with specific commonalities include autosomaldominant epilepsies; epileptic encephalopathies; idiopathic generalized epilepsies; idiopathic focal epilepsies: and the family of gefs+ conditions. engel 2001 axis 3 syndrome Engel_2001_Axis_3_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Axis_4_Etiology Engel_2001_Axis_4_Etiology Engel 2001 Axis 4 will specifi etiolog when this is known. The etiolog could consist of a specif diseas deriv from a classif of diseas frequent associ with epilept seizur or syndrom (Tabl 6), a genet defect, or a specif patholog substrate, for instanc for the symptomat focal epilepsies. The classif of diseas frequent associ with epilept seizur shown in Tabl 6 is preliminari and will requir consider effort over the cours of the next Execut Term to be made as comprehens as possible. Engel 2006 Axis 4: Etiology: from a Classif of Diseas Frequent Associat with Epilept Seizur or Epilepsi Syndrom when possible, genet defects, or specif patholog substrat for symptomat focal epilepsies. engel 2001 axi 4 etiolog engel 2001 axis 4 etiology engel 2001 axis 4 will specify etiology when this is known. the etiology could consist of a specific disease derived from a classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizures or syndromes (table 6), a genetic defect, or a specific pathologic substrate, for instance for the symptomatic focal epilepsies. the classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizures shown in table 6 is preliminary and will require considerable effort over the course of the next executive term to be made as comprehensive as possible. engel 2006 axis 4: etiology: from a classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizures or epilepsy syndromes when possible, genetic defects, or specific pathological substrates for symptomatic focal epilepsies. Engel_2001_Axis_4_Etiology ESSO:Engel_2001_Axis_5_Impairment Engel_2001_Axis_5_Impairment Engel 2001 Axis 5 is an option design of the degre of impair caus by the epilept condition. Classif of impair will be deriv from the World Health Organiz ICIDH-2 Internat Classif of Function and Disabl (5), which is current in preparation. Modif may be necessari for applic to seizur disorders. Engel 2006 Axis 5: Impairment: this optional, but often useful, addit diagnost paramet can be deriv from an impair classif adapt from the WHO ICIDH-2. Axis 5 is an option assess of impair taken from the WHO ICIDH-2 classification. This Axis is intend for applic to older patients. engel 2001 axi 5 impair engel 2001 axis 5 impairment engel 2001 axis 5 is an optional designation of the degree of impairment caused by the epileptic condition. classification of impairment will be derived from the world health organization icidh-2 international classification of functioning and disability (5), which is currently in preparation. modification may be necessary for application to seizure disorders. engel 2006 axis 5: impairment: this optional, but often useful, additional diagnostic parameter can be derived from an impairment classification adapted from the who icidh-2. axis 5 is an optional assessment of impairment taken from the who icidh-2 classification. this axis is intended for application to older patients. Engel_2001_Axis_5_Impairment ESSO:Engel_2001_Bacterial_Meningitis Engel_2001_Bacterial_Meningitis Engel 2001 Bacteri mening engel 2001 bacteri mening engel 2001 bacterial meningitis Engel_2001_Bacterial_Meningitis ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_With_Centrotemporal_Spikes Engel_2001_Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_With_Centrotemporal_Spikes Engel 2001 Benign Childhood Epilepsi with Centrotempor Spike engel 2001 benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spike engel 2001 benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes Engel_2001_Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_With_Centrotemporal_Spikes ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizures Engel_2001_Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizures Engel 2001 Benign Famili Infantil Seizur engel 2001 benign famili infantil seizur engel 2001 benign familial infantile seizures Engel_2001_Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_In_Infancy Engel_2001_Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_In_Infancy Engel 2001 Benign Myoclon Epilepsi In Infanci engel 2001 benign myoclon epilepsi in infanc engel 2001 benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy Engel_2001_Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_In_Infancy ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Neonatal_Seizures Engel_2001_Benign_Neonatal_Seizures Engel 2001 Benign Neonat Seizur engel 2001 benign neonat seizur engel 2001 benign neonatal seizures Engel_2001_Benign_Neonatal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Cavernous_Angiomas Engel_2001_Cavernous_Angiomas Engel 2001 Cavern Angioma engel 2001 cavern angioma engel 2001 cavernous angiomas Engel_2001_Cavernous_Angiomas ESSO:Engel_2001_Cerebral_Calcifications_And_Other_Lesions Engel_2001_Cerebral_Calcifications_And_Other_Lesions Engel 2001 Cerebr calcif and other lesion engel 2001 cerebr calcif and other lesion engel 2001 cerebral calcifications and other lesions Engel_2001_Cerebral_Calcifications_And_Other_Lesions ESSO:Engel_2001_Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Childhood absenc epilepsi engel 2001 childhood absenc epilepsi engel 2001 childhood absence epilepsy Engel_2001_Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Clonic Seizur engel 2001 clonic seizur engel 2001 clonic seizures Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures_With_Tonic_Features Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures_With_Tonic_Features Engel 2001 Clonic Seizur With Tonic Featur engel 2001 clonic seizur with tonic featur engel 2001 clonic seizures with tonic features Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures_With_Tonic_Features ESSO:Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures_Without_Tonic_Features Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures_Without_Tonic_Features Engel 2001 Clonic Seizur Without Tonic Featur engel 2001 clonic seizur without tonic featur engel 2001 clonic seizures without tonic features Engel_2001_Clonic_Seizures_Without_Tonic_Features ESSO:Engel_2001_Clonic_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Clonic_Status_Epilepticus engel 2001 clonic status epilepticus Engel_2001_Clonic_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Conditions_With_Epileptic_Seizures_That_Do_Not_Require_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Conditions_With_Epileptic_Seizures_That_Do_Not_Require_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy Engel 2001 engel 2001 engel 2001 condit with epilept seizur that do not requir a diagnosi of epilepsi engel 2001 conditions with epileptic seizures that do not require a diagnosis of epilepsy Engel_2001_Conditions_With_Epileptic_Seizures_That_Do_Not_Require_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Continuous_Seizure_Types Engel_2001_Continuous_Seizure_Types Engel 2001 Continu Seizur Type engel 2001 continu seizur type engel 2001 continuous seizure types Engel_2001_Continuous_Seizure_Types ESSO:Engel_2001_Cysticercosis Engel_2001_Cysticercosis Engel 2001 Cysticcercosi engel 2001 cysticcercosis engel 2001 cysticercosi engel 2001 cysticercosis Engel_2001_Cysticercosis ESSO:Engel_2001_Dysembryoplastic_Neuroepithelial_Tumor_DNET Engel_2001_Dysembryoplastic_Neuroepithelial_Tumor_DNET engel 2001 dnet engel 2001 dysembryoplast neuroepitheli tumor d n e t engel 2001 dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor d n e t Engel_2001_Dysembryoplastic_Neuroepithelial_Tumor_DNET ESSO:Engel_2001_Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy Engel_2001_Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy Engel 2001 Ear Myoclon Encephalopathi engel 2001 earli myoclon encephalopathi engel 2001 early myoclonic encephalopathy Engel_2001_Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy ESSO:Engel_2001_Eating Engel_2001_Eating Engel 2001 Eate engel 2001 eat engel 2001 eating Engel_2001_Eating ESSO:Engel_2001_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_Of_Kojevnikov Engel_2001_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_Of_Kojevnikov Engel 2001 Epilepsia Partiali Continua of Kojevnikov engel 2001 epilepsia partiali continua of kojevnikov engel 2001 epilepsia partialis continua of kojevnikov Engel_2001_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua_Of_Kojevnikov ESSO:Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-And-Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep-Other_Than_LKS Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-And-Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep-Other_Than_LKS Engel 2001 Epilepsi with continu spike-and-wav dure slow-wav sleep - Other than LKS. engel 2001 epilepsi with continu spike- and- wave dure slow- wave sleep- other than l k s engel 2001 epilepsy with continuous spike- and- waves during slow- wave sleep- other than l k s engel 2001 epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep - other than lks. Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-And-Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep-Other_Than_LKS ESSO:Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Only Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Only Engel 2001 Epilepsi with Gener Tonic-Clon Seizur Onli engel 2001 epilepsi with general tonic- clonic seizur onli engel 2001 epilepsy with generalized tonic- clonic seizures only engel 2001 epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures only Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Only ESSO:Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures Engel 2001 Epilepsi with Myoclon - Astatic Seizur engel 2001 epilepsi with myoclonic- astat seizur engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic - astatic seizures engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic- astatic seizures Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Absences Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Absences Engel 2001 Epilepsi with myoclon absenc engel 2001 epilepsi with myoclon absenc engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic absences Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Absences ESSO:Engel_2001_Epileptic_Encephalopathies Engel_2001_Epileptic_Encephalopathies Engel 2001 Epilept encephalopathi (in which the epileptiform abnorm may contribut to progress dysfunction) engel 2001 epilept encephalopathi engel 2001 epileptic encephalopathies engel 2001 epileptic encephalopathies (in which the epileptiform abnormalities may contribute to progressive dysfunction) Engel_2001_Epileptic_Encephalopathies ESSO:Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia engel 2001 eyelid myoclonia Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia ESSO:Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia_With_Absences Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia_With_Absences Engel 2001 Eyelid Myoclonia With Absenc engel 2001 eyelid myoclonia with absenc engel 2001 eyelid myoclonia with absences Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia_With_Absences ESSO:Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia_Without_Absences Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia_Without_Absences Engel 2001 Eyelid Myoclonia Without Absenc engel 2001 eyelid myoclonia without absenc engel 2001 eyelid myoclonia without absences Engel_2001_Eyelid_Myoclonia_Without_Absences ESSO:Engel_2001_Familial_Autosomal_Dominant_Focal_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Familial_Autosomal_Dominant_Focal_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Famili autosom domin focal epilepsi engel 2001 famili autosom domin focal epilepsi engel 2001 familial autosomal dominant focal epilepsies Engel_2001_Familial_Autosomal_Dominant_Focal_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Foci Engel_2001_Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Foci Engel 2001 Famili Focal Epilepsi with Variabl Foci Syndrom in develop engel 2001 famili focal epilepsi with variabl foci engel 2001 familial focal epilepsy with variable foci engel 2001 familial focal epilepsy with variable foci syndromes in development Engel_2001_Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Foci ESSO:Engel_2001_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Famili Tempor Lobe Seizur engel 2001 famili tempor lobe epilepsi engel 2001 familial temporal lobe epilepsies engel 2001 familial temporal lobe seizures Engel_2001_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Febrile_Seizures Engel_2001_Febrile_Seizures Engel 2001 Febril Seizur engel 2001 febril seizur engel 2001 febrile seizures Engel_2001_Febrile_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Flickering_Light Engel_2001_Flickering_Light Engel 2001 Flicker Lights: Color To Be Specifi When Possibl engel 2001 flicker light engel 2001 flickering light engel 2001 flickering lights: color to be specified when possible Engel_2001_Flickering_Light ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur engel 2001 focal motor seizur engel 2001 focal motor seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Asymmetrical_Tonic_Motor_Seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Asymmetrical_Tonic_Motor_Seizures Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur with Asymmetr Tonic Motor Seizur engel 2001 focal motor seizur with asymmetr tonic motor seizur engel 2001 focal motor seizures with asymmetrical tonic motor seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Asymmetrical_Tonic_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Elementary_Clonic_Motor_Signs Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Elementary_Clonic_Motor_Signs Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur With Elementari Clonic Motor Sign engel 2001 focal motor seizur with elementari clonic motor sign engel 2001 focal motor seizures with elementary clonic motor signs Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Elementary_Clonic_Motor_Signs ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Focal_Negative_Myoclonus Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Focal_Negative_Myoclonus Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur with Focal Negat Myoclonus engel 2001 focal motor seizur with focal negat myoclonus engel 2001 focal motor seizures with focal negative myoclonus Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Focal_Negative_Myoclonus ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Hyperkinetic_Automatisms Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Hyperkinetic_Automatisms Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur With Hyperkinet Atomat engel 2001 focal motor seizur with hyperkinet automat engel 2001 focal motor seizures with hyperkinetic atomatisms engel 2001 focal motor seizures with hyperkinetic automatisms Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Hyperkinetic_Automatisms ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Inhibitory_Motor_Seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Inhibitory_Motor_Seizures Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur With Inhibitori Motor Seizur engel 2001 focal motor seizur with inhibitori motor seizur engel 2001 focal motor seizures with inhibitory motor seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Inhibitory_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Typical_Temporal_Lobe_Automatisms Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Typical_Temporal_Lobe_Automatisms Engel 2001 Focal Motor Seizur With Typic Tempor Lobe Automat engel 2001 focal motor seizur with typic tempor lobe automat engel 2001 focal motor seizures with typical temporal lobe automatisms Engel_2001_Focal_Motor_Seizures_With_Typical_Temporal_Lobe_Automatisms ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Seizures Engel 2001 Focal Seizur engel 2001 focal seizur engel 2001 focal seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures Engel 2001 Focal Sensori Seizur engel 2001 focal sensori seizur engel 2001 focal sensory seizures Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures_With_Elementary_Sensory_Symptoms Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures_With_Elementary_Sensory_Symptoms Engel 2001 Focal Sensori Seizur With Elementari Sensori Symptom engel 2001 focal sensori seizur with elementari sensori symptom engel 2001 focal sensory seizures with elementary sensory symptoms Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures_With_Elementary_Sensory_Symptoms ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures_With_Experiential_Sensory_Symptoms Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures_With_Experiential_Sensory_Symptoms Engel 2001 Focal Sensori Seizur With Experienti Sensori Symptom engel 2001 focal sensori seizur with experienti sensori symptom engel 2001 focal sensory seizures with experiential sensory symptoms Engel_2001_Focal_Sensory_Seizures_With_Experiential_Sensory_Symptoms ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Focal_Status_Epilepticus engel 2001 focal status epilepticus Engel_2001_Focal_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Gangliocytoma Engel_2001_Gangliocytoma engel 2001 gangliocytoma Engel_2001_Gangliocytoma ESSO:Engel_2001_Ganglioglioma Engel_2001_Ganglioglioma engel 2001 ganglioglioma Engel_2001_Ganglioglioma ESSO:Engel_2001_Gelastic_Seizures Engel_2001_Gelastic_Seizures Engel 2001 Gelast Seizur engel 2001 gelast seizur engel 2001 gelastic seizures Engel_2001_Gelastic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Febrile_Seizures_Plus Engel_2001_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Febrile_Seizures_Plus Engel 2001 Gener Epilepsi with Febril Seizur Plus Syndrom in develop engel 2001 general epilepsi with febril seizur plus engel 2001 generalized epilepsies with febrile seizures plus engel 2001 generalized epilepsies with febrile seizures plus syndromes in development Engel_2001_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Febrile_Seizures_Plus ESSO:Engel_2001_Generalized_Seizures Engel_2001_Generalized_Seizures Engel 2001 Gener Seizur engel 2001 general seizur engel 2001 generalized seizures Engel_2001_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Generalized_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Generalized_Status_Epilepticus Engel 2001 Gener Status Epilepticus engel 2001 general status epilepticus engel 2001 generalized status epilepticus Engel_2001_Generalized_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Status_Epilepticus Engel 2001 Gener Tonic-Clon Status Epilepticus engel 2001 general tonic- clonic status epilepticus engel 2001 generalized tonic- clonic status epilepticus engel 2001 generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus Engel_2001_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Head_Injury Engel_2001_Head_Injury Engel 2001 Head injuri engel 2001 head injuri engel 2001 head injury Engel_2001_Head_Injury ESSO:Engel_2001_Hemiclonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Hemiclonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Hemiclon Seizur engel 2001 hemiclon seizur engel 2001 hemiclonic seizures Engel_2001_Hemiclonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Hemiconvulsive_Status Engel_2001_Hemiconvulsive_Status Engel 2001 Hemiconvuls Status engel 2001 hemiconvuls status engel 2001 hemiconvulsive status Engel_2001_Hemiconvulsive_Status ESSO:Engel_2001_Hemimegalencephaly Engel_2001_Hemimegalencephaly Engel 2001 Hemimegalencephali engel 2001 hemimegalencephali engel 2001 hemimegalencephaly Engel_2001_Hemimegalencephaly ESSO:Engel_2001_Herpes_Encephalitis Engel_2001_Herpes_Encephalitis Engel 2001 Herp enceph engel 2001 herp enceph engel 2001 herpes encephalitis Engel_2001_Herpes_Encephalitis ESSO:Engel_2001_Hot_Water Engel_2001_Hot_Water engel 2001 hot water Engel_2001_Hot_Water ESSO:Engel_2001_Hypomelanosis_of_Ito Engel_2001_Hypomelanosis_of_Ito Engel 2001 Hypermelanosi of Ito engel 2001 hypermelanosis of ito engel 2001 hypomelanosi of ito engel 2001 hypomelanosis of ito Engel_2001_Hypomelanosis_of_Ito ESSO:Engel_2001_Hypothalamic_Hamartoma Engel_2001_Hypothalamic_Hamartoma Engel 2001 Hypothalam Hamartoma (With Gelast Seizures) engel 2001 hypothalam hamartoma engel 2001 hypothalamic hamartoma engel 2001 hypothalamic hamartoma (with gelastic seizures) Engel_2001_Hypothalamic_Hamartoma ESSO:Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsies_of_Infancy_and_Childhood Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsies_of_Infancy_and_Childhood Engel 2001 Idiopath focal epilepsi of infanc and childhood engel 2001 idiopath focal epilepsi of infanc and childhood engel 2001 idiopathic focal epilepsies of infancy and childhood Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsies_of_Infancy_and_Childhood ESSO:Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Idiopath general epilepsi engel 2001 idiopath general epilepsi engel 2001 idiopathic generalized epilepsies Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Variable_Phenotypes Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Variable_Phenotypes Engel 2001 Idiopath Gener Epilepsi with Variabl Phenotyp engel 2001 idiopath general epilepsi with variabl phenotyp engel 2001 idiopathic generalized epilepsies with variable phenotypes Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Variable_Phenotypes ESSO:Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Idiopath Photosensit Occipit Lobe Epilepsi engel 2001 idiopath photosensit occipit lobe epilepsi engel 2001 idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy Engel_2001_Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Inherited_Metabolic_Disorders Engel_2001_Inherited_Metabolic_Disorders Engel 2001 Inherit metabol disord engel 2001 inherit metabol disord engel 2001 inherited metabolic disorders Engel_2001_Inherited_Metabolic_Disorders ESSO:Engel_2001_Inversion_Duplication_15_Syndrome Engel_2001_Inversion_Duplication_15_Syndrome Engel 2001 Inversion duplic 15 syndrom engel 2001 invers duplic 15 syndrom engel 2001 inversion duplication 15 syndrome Engel_2001_Inversion_Duplication_15_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Juvenil Absenc Epilepsi engel 2001 juvenil absenc epilepsi engel 2001 juvenile absence epilepsy Engel_2001_Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Juvenil Myoclon Epilepsi engel 2001 juvenil myoclon epilepsi engel 2001 juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Engel_2001_Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Cerebrovascular_Incident_CVI Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Cerebrovascular_Incident_CVI Engel 2001 Lesion due to cerebrovascular incid (CVI) engel 2001 lesion due to cerebrovascular incid c v i engel 2001 lesion due to cerebrovascular incident (cvi) engel 2001 lesions due to cerebrovascular incident c v i Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Cerebrovascular_Incident_CVI ESSO:Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_HIV Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_HIV engel 2001 lesion due to hiv engel 2001 lesion due to human immunodefici virus h i v engel 2001 lesions due to human immunodeficiency virus h i v Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Human_Immunodeficiency_Virus_HIV ESSO:Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Toxoplasmosis Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Toxoplasmosis Engel 2001 Lesion due to toxoplasmosi engel 2001 lesion due to toxoplasmosi engel 2001 lesion due to toxoplasmosis engel 2001 lesions due to toxoplasmosis Engel_2001_Lesions_Due_To_Toxoplasmosis ESSO:Engel_2001_Limbic_Status_Epilepticus-Psychomotor_Status Engel_2001_Limbic_Status_Epilepticus-Psychomotor_Status engel 2001 limbic status epilepticus (psychomotor status) engel 2001 limbic status epilepticus- psychomotor status Engel_2001_Limbic_Status_Epilepticus-Psychomotor_Status ESSO:Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiologies Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiologies Engel 2001 Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi defin by specif etiolog engel 2001 mesial tempor lobe epilepsi defin by specif etiolog engel 2001 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy defined by specific etiologies Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiologies ESSO:Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Seizures Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Seizures engel 2001 mesial tempor lobe seizur engel 2001 mesial temporal lobe seizures Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Microcephaly Engel_2001_Microcephaly Engel 2001 Microcephali engel 2001 microcephali engel 2001 microcephaly Engel_2001_Microcephaly ESSO:Engel_2001_Miscellaneous Engel_2001_Miscellaneous Engel 2001 Miscellan engel 2001 miscellan engel 2001 miscellaneous Engel_2001_Miscellaneous ESSO:Engel_2001_Monogenic_Mendelian_Diseases_With_Complex_Pathogenetic_Mechanisms Engel_2001_Monogenic_Mendelian_Diseases_With_Complex_Pathogenetic_Mechanisms Engel 2001 Monogen mendelian diseas with complex pathogenet mechan engel 2001 monogen mendelian diseas with complex pathogenet mechan engel 2001 monogenic mendelian diseases with complex pathogenetic mechanisms Engel_2001_Monogenic_Mendelian_Diseases_With_Complex_Pathogenetic_Mechanisms ESSO:Engel_2001_Music Engel_2001_Music engel 2001 music Engel_2001_Music ESSO:Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Atonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Atonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Myoclon Atonic Seizur engel 2001 myoclon aton seizur engel 2001 myoclonic atonic seizures Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Atonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Myoclon Seizur engel 2001 myoclon seizur engel 2001 myoclonic seizures Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Status_Epilepticus Engel 2001 Myoclon Status Epilepticus engel 2001 myoclon status epilepticus engel 2001 myoclonic status epilepticus Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Negative_Myoclonus Engel_2001_Negative_Myoclonus Engel 2001 Negat Myoclonus engel 2001 negat myoclonus engel 2001 negative myoclonus Engel_2001_Negative_Myoclonus ESSO:Engel_2001_Neocortical_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Neocortical_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Neocort Epilepsi engel 2001 neocort epilepsi engel 2001 neocortical epilepsies Engel_2001_Neocortical_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Neurocutaneous_Disorders Engel_2001_Neurocutaneous_Disorders Engel 2001 Neurocutan disord engel 2001 neurocutan disord engel 2001 neurocutaneous disorders Engel_2001_Neurocutaneous_Disorders ESSO:Engel_2001_Northern_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel_2001_Northern_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2001 Northern epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 northern epilepsi syndrom engel 2001 northern epilepsy syndrome Engel_2001_Northern_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Occipital_Lobe_Seizures Engel_2001_Occipital_Lobe_Seizures Engel 2001 Occipit Lobe Seizur engel 2001 occipit lobe seizur engel 2001 occipital lobe seizures Engel_2001_Occipital_Lobe_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Ohtahara_Syndrome Engel_2001_Ohtahara_Syndrome Engel 2001 Ohtahara Syndrom engel 2001 ohtahara syndrom engel 2001 ohtahara syndrome Engel_2001_Ohtahara_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Oligoepilepsy Engel_2001_Oligoepilepsy Engel 2001 Oligoepilepsi engel 2001 oligoepilepsi engel 2001 oligoepilepsy Engel_2001_Oligoepilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Other_Cerebral_Malformations Engel_2001_Other_Cerebral_Malformations Engel 2001 Other cerebr malform engel 2001 other cerebr malform engel 2001 other cerebral malformations Engel_2001_Other_Cerebral_Malformations ESSO:Engel_2001_Other_Postnatal_Factors Engel_2001_Other_Postnatal_Factors Engel 2001 Other postnat factor engel 2001 other postnat factor engel 2001 other postnatal factors Engel_2001_Other_Postnatal_Factors ESSO:Engel_2001_Other_Types_Defined_By_Location_And_Etiology Engel_2001_Other_Types_Defined_By_Location_And_Etiology Engel 2001 Other Type Defin by Locat and Etiolog engel 2001 other type defin by locat and etiolog engel 2001 other types defined by location and etiology Engel_2001_Other_Types_Defined_By_Location_And_Etiology ESSO:Engel_2001_Other_Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Other_Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Other Visual Sensit Epilepsi engel 2001 other visual sensit epilepsi engel 2001 other visual sensitive epilepsies Engel_2001_Other_Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Other_Visual_Stimuli Engel_2001_Other_Visual_Stimuli engel 2001 other visual stimuli Engel_2001_Other_Visual_Stimuli ESSO:Engel_2001_Parietal_Lobe_Seizures Engel_2001_Parietal_Lobe_Seizures Engel 2001 Pariet Lobe Seizur engel 2001 pariet lobe seizur engel 2001 parietal lobe seizures Engel_2001_Parietal_Lobe_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Partial_Monosomy_4p Engel_2001_Partial_Monosomy_4p Engel 2001 Partial monosomi 4p engel 2001 partial monosomi 4p engel 2001 partial monosomy 4p Engel_2001_Partial_Monosomy_4p ESSO:Engel_2001_Patterns Engel_2001_Patterns Engel 2001 Pattern engel 2001 pattern engel 2001 patterns Engel_2001_Patterns ESSO:Engel_2001_Periventricular_Leukomalacia Engel_2001_Periventricular_Leukomalacia engel 2001 periventricular leukomalacia Engel_2001_Periventricular_Leukomalacia ESSO:Engel_2001_Porencephaly Engel_2001_Porencephaly Engel 2001 Porencephali engel 2001 porencephali engel 2001 porencephaly Engel_2001_Porencephaly ESSO:Engel_2001_Postnatal_Infections Engel_2001_Postnatal_Infections Engel 2001 Postnat infect engel 2001 postnat infect engel 2001 postnatal infections Engel_2001_Postnatal_Infections ESSO:Engel_2001_Praxis Engel_2001_Praxis Engel 2001 Praxi engel 2001 praxi engel 2001 praxis Engel_2001_Praxis ESSO:Engel_2001_Precipitating_Stimuli_For_Reflex_Seizures Engel_2001_Precipitating_Stimuli_For_Reflex_Seizures Engel 2001 Precipit stimuli for reflex seizures. engel 2001 precipit stimuli for reflex seizur engel 2001 precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures engel 2001 precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures. Engel_2001_Precipitating_Stimuli_For_Reflex_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Prenatal_Or_Perinatal_Ischemic_Or_Anoxic_Lesions_Or_Cerebral_Infections_Causing_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Engel_2001_Prenatal_Or_Perinatal_Ischemic_Or_Anoxic_Lesions_Or_Cerebral_Infections_Causing_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Engel 2001 Prenat or perinat ischem or anox lesion or cerebr infect caus nonprogress encephalopathi engel 2001 prenat or perinat ischem or anox lesion or cerebr infect caus nonprogress encephalopathi engel 2001 prenatal or perinatal ischemic or anoxic lesions or cerebral infections causing nonprogressive encephalopathies Engel_2001_Prenatal_Or_Perinatal_Ischemic_Or_Anoxic_Lesions_Or_Cerebral_Infections_Causing_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies ESSO:Engel_2001_Primary_Reading_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Primary_Reading_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Primari Read Epilepsi engel 2001 primari read epilepsi engel 2001 primary reading epilepsy Engel_2001_Primary_Reading_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Progressive_Encephalopathy_With_Edema_Hypsarrhythmia_And_Optic_Atrophy_PEHO_Syndrome Engel_2001_Progressive_Encephalopathy_With_Edema_Hypsarrhythmia_And_Optic_Atrophy_PEHO_Syndrome Engel 2001 PEHO syndrom engel 2001 peho syndrome engel 2001 progress encephalopathi with edema hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophi p e h o syndrom engel 2001 progressive encephalopathy with edema hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy p e h o syndrome Engel_2001_Progressive_Encephalopathy_With_Edema_Hypsarrhythmia_And_Optic_Atrophy_PEHO_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Progressive_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_PME Engel_2001_Progressive_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_PME Engel 2001 Progress myoclon epilepsi engel 2001 progress myoclon epilepsi p m e engel 2001 progressive myoclonic epilepsies engel 2001 progressive myoclonic epilepsy p m e Engel_2001_Progressive_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_PME ESSO:Engel_2001_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Progress Myoclonus Epilepsi engel 2001 progress myoclonus epilepsi engel 2001 progressive myoclonus epilepsies Engel_2001_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Proposal Engel_2001_Proposal Engel 2001 The Task Forc agre that it would not be possibl to replac the current intern classif with similar revis and updat classif that would be univers accept and meet all the clinic and research need such a formal organiz system would be expect to provide. Rather, the Task Forc is propos a diagnost scheme that make use of standard terminolog and concept to describ individu patient Engel 2006 engel 2001 propos engel 2001 proposal engel 2001 the task force agreed that it would not be possible to replace the current international classifications with similar revised and updated classifications that would be universally accepted and meet all the clinical and research needs such a formal organizational system would be expected to provide. rather, the task force is proposing a diagnostic scheme that makes use of standardized terminology and concepts to describe individual patients engel 2006 Engel_2001_Proposal ESSO:Engel_2001_Proprioceptive Engel_2001_Proprioceptive Engel 2001 Propiocept engel 2001 propioceptive engel 2001 propriocept engel 2001 proprioceptive Engel_2001_Proprioceptive ESSO:Engel_2001_Pyridoxine_Dependency Engel_2001_Pyridoxine_Dependency Engel 2001 Pyridoxin depend engel 2001 pyridoxin depend engel 2001 pyridoxine dependency Engel_2001_Pyridoxine_Dependency ESSO:Engel_2001_Rarely_Repeated_Seizures Engel_2001_Rarely_Repeated_Seizures Engel 2001 Rare Repeat Seizur engel 2001 rare repeat seizur engel 2001 rarely repeated seizures Engel_2001_Rarely_Repeated_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Reading Engel_2001_Reading Engel 2001 Read engel 2001 read engel 2001 reading Engel_2001_Reading ESSO:Engel_2001_Reflex_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Reflex_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Reflex Epilepsi Reflex epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom in which all epilept seizur are precipit by sensori stimuli. Reflex seizur that occur in focal and general epilepsi syndrom that are also associ with spontan seizur are list as seizur types. Isolat reflex seizur can also occur in situat that do not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsy. Seizur precipit by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizur (chang concept). engel 2001 reflex epilepsi engel 2001 reflex epilepsies engel 2001 reflex epilepsies reflex epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome in which all epileptic seizures are precipitated by sensory stimuli. reflex seizures that occur in focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes that are also associated with spontaneous seizures are listed as seizure types. isolated reflex seizures can also occur in situations that do not necessarily require a diagnosis of epilepsy. seizures precipitated by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizures (changed concept). Engel_2001_Reflex_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Reflex_Seizures Engel_2001_Reflex_Seizures Engel 2001 Reflex Seizur engel 2001 reflex seizur engel 2001 reflex seizures Engel_2001_Reflex_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Ring_20_Chromosome Engel_2001_Ring_20_Chromosome Engel 2001 Ring 20 chromosom engel 2001 ring 20 chromosom engel 2001 ring 20 chromosome Engel_2001_Ring_20_Chromosome ESSO:Engel_2001_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures Engel_2001_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures Engel 2001 Secondarili Gener Seizur engel 2001 secondarili general seizur engel 2001 secondarily generalized seizures Engel_2001_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Seizures_Not_Necessarily_Requiring_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Seizures_Not_Necessarily_Requiring_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Seizur not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsi engel 2001 seizur not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsi engel 2001 seizures not necessarily requiring a diagnosis of epilepsy Engel_2001_Seizures_Not_Necessarily_Requiring_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Self-Limited_Seizure_Types Engel_2001_Self-Limited_Seizure_Types Engel 2001 Self-Limit Seizur Type engel 2001 self- limit seizur type engel 2001 self- limited seizure types engel 2001 self-limited seizure type Engel_2001_Self-Limited_Seizure_Types ESSO:Engel_2001_Single_Seizures_Or_Isolated_Clusters_Of_Seizures Engel_2001_Single_Seizures_Or_Isolated_Clusters_Of_Seizures Engel 2001 Singl seizur or isol cluster of seizur engel 2001 singl seizur or isol cluster of seizur engel 2001 single seizures or isolated cluster of seizures engel 2001 single seizures or isolated clusters of seizures Engel_2001_Single_Seizures_Or_Isolated_Clusters_Of_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Somatosensory Engel_2001_Somatosensory Engel 2001 Somatosensori engel 2001 somatosensori engel 2001 somatosensory Engel_2001_Somatosensory ESSO:Engel_2001_Spasms Engel_2001_Spasms Engel 2001 Spasm engel 2001 spasm engel 2001 spasms Engel_2001_Spasms ESSO:Engel_2001_Startle Engel_2001_Startle Engel 2001 Startl engel 2001 startl engel 2001 startle Engel_2001_Startle ESSO:Engel_2001_Startle_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Startle_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Startl Epilepsi engel 2001 startl epilepsi engel 2001 startle epilepsy Engel_2001_Startle_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Stroke Engel_2001_Stroke engel 2001 stroke Engel_2001_Stroke ESSO:Engel_2001_Supplementary_Motor_Seizures Engel_2001_Supplementary_Motor_Seizures Engel 2001 Supplementari Motor Seizur engel 2001 supplementari motor seizur engel 2001 supplementary motor seizures Engel_2001_Supplementary_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Symptomatic_Or_Probably_Symptomatic_Focal_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Symptomatic_Or_Probably_Symptomatic_Focal_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Symptomat or probabl symptomat focal epilepsi engel 2001 symptomat or probabl symptomat focal epilepsi engel 2001 symptomatic or probably symptomatic focal epilepsies Engel_2001_Symptomatic_Or_Probably_Symptomatic_Focal_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Temporoparietooccipital_Junction_Seizures Engel_2001_Temporoparietooccipital_Junction_Seizures Engel 2001 Temporoparietooccipit Junction Seizur engel 2001 temporoparietooccipit junction seizur engel 2001 temporoparietooccipital junction seizures Engel_2001_Temporoparietooccipital_Junction_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Thinking Engel_2001_Thinking Engel 2001 Think engel 2001 think engel 2001 thinking Engel_2001_Thinking ESSO:Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Tonic-Clon Seizur engel 2001 tonic- clonic seizur engel 2001 tonic- clonic seizures engel 2001 tonic-clonic seizures Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Variations_Beginning_With_A_Clonic_Phase Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Variations_Beginning_With_A_Clonic_Phase Engel 2001 Tonic-Clon Seizur Variat Begin With A Clonic Phase engel 2001 tonic- clonic seizur variat begin with a clonic phase engel 2001 tonic- clonic seizures variations beginning with a clonic phase engel 2001 tonic-clonic seizures variations beginning with a clonic phase Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Variations_Beginning_With_A_Clonic_Phase ESSO:Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Variations_Beginning_With_A_Myoclonic_Phase Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Variations_Beginning_With_A_Myoclonic_Phase Engel 2001 Tonic-Clon Seizur Variat Begin With A Myoclon Phase engel 2001 tonic- clonic seizur variat begin with a myoclon phase engel 2001 tonic- clonic seizures variations beginning with a myoclonic phase engel 2001 tonic-clonic seizures variations begining with a myoclonic phase Engel_2001_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Variations_Beginning_With_A_Myoclonic_Phase ESSO:Engel_2001_Tonic_Seizures Engel_2001_Tonic_Seizures Engel 2001 Tonic Seizur engel 2001 tonic seizur engel 2001 tonic seizures Engel_2001_Tonic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Tonic_Status_Epilepticus Engel_2001_Tonic_Status_Epilepticus engel 2001 tonic status epilepticus Engel_2001_Tonic_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Engel_2001_Trisomy_12p Engel_2001_Trisomy_12p Engel 2001 Trisomi 12p engel 2001 trisomi 12p engel 2001 trisomy 12p Engel_2001_Trisomy_12p ESSO:Engel_2001_Tumors Engel_2001_Tumors Engel 2001 Tumor engel 2001 tumor engel 2001 tumors Engel_2001_Tumors ESSO:Engel_2001_Typical_Absence_Seizures Engel_2001_Typical_Absence_Seizures Engel 2001 Typic Absenc Seizur engel 2001 typic absenc seizur engel 2001 typical absence seizures Engel_2001_Typical_Absence_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Visual_Stimuli Engel_2001_Visual_Stimuli engel 2001 visual stimuli Engel_2001_Visual_Stimuli ESSO:Engel_2001_West_Syndrome Engel_2001_West_Syndrome Engel 2001 West Syndrom engel 2001 west syndrom engel 2001 west syndrome Engel_2001_West_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2006_Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures Engel_2006_Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures engel 2006 alcohol- withdraw seizur engel 2006 alcohol- withdrawal seizures Engel_2006_Alcohol-Withdrawal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Autosomal_Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Autosomal_Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel 2006 Autosom Domin Nocturn Frontal Lobe Epilepsi engel 2006 autosom domin nocturn frontal lobe epilepsi engel 2006 autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy Engel_2006_Autosomal_Dominant_Nocturnal_Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_With_Centrotemporal_Spikes Engel_2006_Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_With_Centrotemporal_Spikes engel 2006 benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spike engel 2006 benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes Engel_2006_Benign_Childhood_Epilepsy_With_Centrotemporal_Spikes ESSO:Engel_2006_Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizures Engel_2006_Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizures engel 2006 benign famili infantil seizur engel 2006 benign familial infantile seizures Engel_2006_Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures Engel_2006_Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures engel 2006 benign famili neonat seizur engel 2006 benign familial neonatal seizures Engel_2006_Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Non-Familial Engel_2006_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Non-Familial engel 2006 benign infantil seizur non- famili engel 2006 benign infantile seizures non- familial Engel_2006_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Non-Familial ESSO:Engel_2006_Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_In_Infancy Engel_2006_Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_In_Infancy engel 2006 benign myoclon epilepsi in infanc engel 2006 benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy Engel_2006_Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_In_Infancy ESSO:Engel_2006_Benign_Neonatal_Seizures Engel_2006_Benign_Neonatal_Seizures engel 2006 benign neonat seizur engel 2006 benign neonatal seizures Engel_2006_Benign_Neonatal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy engel 2006 childhood absenc epilepsi engel 2006 childhood absence epilepsy Engel_2006_Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Conditions_With_Epileptic_Seizures_That_Do_Not_Require_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Conditions_With_Epileptic_Seizures_That_Do_Not_Require_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy engel 2006 condit with epilept seizur that do not requir a diagnosi of epilepsi engel 2006 conditions with epileptic seizures that do not require a diagnosis of epilepsy Engel_2006_Conditions_With_Epileptic_Seizures_That_Do_Not_Require_A_Diagnosis_Of_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Drug_Or_Other_Chemically_Induced_Seizures Engel_2006_Drug_Or_Other_Chemically_Induced_Seizures engel 2006 drug or other chemic induc seizur engel 2006 drug or other chemically induced seizures Engel_2006_Drug_Or_Other_Chemically_Induced_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy Engel_2006_Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy engel 2006 earli myoclon encephalopathi engel 2006 early myoclonic encephalopathy Engel_2006_Early_Myoclonic_Encephalopathy ESSO:Engel_2006_Early_Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Engel_2006_Early_Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type engel 2006 earli onset benign childhood occipit epilepsy- panayiotopoulo type engel 2006 early onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy- panayiotopoulos type Engel_2006_Early_Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type ESSO:Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-And-Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep-Other_Than_LKS Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-And-Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep-Other_Than_LKS engel 2006 epilepsi with continu spike- and- wave dure slow- wave sleep- other than l k s engel 2006 epilepsy with continuous spike- and- waves during slow- wave sleep- other than l k s Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-And-Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep-Other_Than_LKS ESSO:Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Only Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Only engel 2006 epilepsi with general tonic- clonic seizur onli engel 2006 epilepsy with generalized tonic- clonic seizures only Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Only ESSO:Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures engel 2006 epilepsi with myoclonic- astat seizur engel 2006 epilepsy with myoclonic- astatic seizures Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Absences Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Absences engel 2006 epilepsi with myoclon absenc engel 2006 epilepsy with myoclonic absences Engel_2006_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Absences ESSO:Engel_2006_Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Foci Engel_2006_Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Foci engel 2006 famili focal epilepsi with variabl foci engel 2006 familial focal epilepsy with variable foci Engel_2006_Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Foci ESSO:Engel_2006_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies engel 2006 famili tempor lobe epilepsi engel 2006 familial temporal lobe epilepsies Engel_2006_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_Febrile_Seizures Engel_2006_Febrile_Seizures engel 2006 febril seizur engel 2006 febrile seizures Engel_2006_Febrile_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Febrile_Seizures_Plus Engel_2006_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Febrile_Seizures_Plus engel 2006 general epilepsi with febril seizur plus engel 2006 generalized epilepsies with febrile seizures plus Engel_2006_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Febrile_Seizures_Plus ESSO:Engel_2006_HHE_Syndrome Engel_2006_HHE_Syndrome engel 2006 h h e syndrom engel 2006 h h e syndrome Engel_2006_HHE_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2006_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Variable_Phenotypes Engel_2006_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Variable_Phenotypes engel 2006 idiopath general epilepsi with variabl phenotyp engel 2006 idiopathic generalized epilepsies with variable phenotypes Engel_2006_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies_With_Variable_Phenotypes ESSO:Engel_2006_Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy engel 2006 idiopath photosensit occipit lobe epilepsi engel 2006 idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy Engel_2006_Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Immediate_And_Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizures Engel_2006_Immediate_And_Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizures engel 2006 immedi and earli post cerebr insult seizur engel 2006 immediate and early post cerebral insult seizures Engel_2006_Immediate_And_Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy engel 2006 juvenil absenc epilepsi engel 2006 juvenile absence epilepsy Engel_2006_Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy engel 2006 juvenil myoclon epilepsi engel 2006 juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Engel_2006_Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Late_Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type Engel_2006_Late_Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type engel 2006 late onset childhood occipit epilepsy- gastaut type engel 2006 late onset childhood occipital epilepsy- gastaut type Engel_2006_Late_Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type ESSO:Engel_2006_Limbic_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Limbic_Epilepsies engel 2006 limbic epilepsi engel 2006 limbic epilepsies Engel_2006_Limbic_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiologies Engel_2006_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiologies engel 2006 mesial tempor lobe epilepsi defin by specif etiolog engel 2006 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy defined by specific etiologies Engel_2006_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiologies ESSO:Engel_2006_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis Engel_2006_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis engel 2006 mesial tempor lobe epilepsi with hippocamp sclerosi engel 2006 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis Engel_2006_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis ESSO:Engel_2006_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Infancy Engel_2006_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Infancy engel 2006 migrat partial seizur of infanc engel 2006 migrating partial seizures of infancy Engel_2006_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Infancy ESSO:Engel_2006_Myoclonic_Status_In_Non-Progressive_Encephalopathies Engel_2006_Myoclonic_Status_In_Non-Progressive_Encephalopathies engel 2006 myoclon status in non- progress encephalopathi engel 2006 myoclonic status in non- progressive encephalopathies Engel_2006_Myoclonic_Status_In_Non-Progressive_Encephalopathies ESSO:Engel_2006_Neocortical_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Neocortical_Epilepsies engel 2006 neocort epilepsi engel 2006 neocortical epilepsies Engel_2006_Neocortical_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_Ohtahara_Syndrome Engel_2006_Ohtahara_Syndrome engel 2006 ohtahara syndrom engel 2006 ohtahara syndrome Engel_2006_Ohtahara_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2006_Oligoepilepsy-Rarely_Repeated_Seizures Engel_2006_Oligoepilepsy-Rarely_Repeated_Seizures engel 2006 oligoepilepsy- rare repeat seizur engel 2006 oligoepilepsy- rarely repeated seizures Engel_2006_Oligoepilepsy-Rarely_Repeated_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Other_Types_Defined_By_Location_And_Etiology Engel_2006_Other_Types_Defined_By_Location_And_Etiology engel 2006 other type defin by locat and etiolog engel 2006 other types defined by location and etiology Engel_2006_Other_Types_Defined_By_Location_And_Etiology ESSO:Engel_2006_Other_Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Other_Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsies engel 2006 other visual sensit epilepsi engel 2006 other visual sensitive epilepsies Engel_2006_Other_Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_Primary_Reading_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Primary_Reading_Epilepsy engel 2006 primari read epilepsi engel 2006 primary reading epilepsy Engel_2006_Primary_Reading_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies engel 2006 progress myoclonus epilepsi engel 2006 progressive myoclonus epilepsies Engel_2006_Progressive_Myoclonus_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_Rasmussen_Syndrome Engel_2006_Rasmussen_Syndrome engel 2006 rasmussen syndrom engel 2006 rasmussen syndrome Engel_2006_Rasmussen_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2006_Reflex_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Reflex_Epilepsies engel 2006 reflex epilepsi engel 2006 reflex epilepsies Engel_2006_Reflex_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_Reflex_Seizures Engel_2006_Reflex_Seizures engel 2006 reflex seizur engel 2006 reflex seizures Engel_2006_Reflex_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Single_Seizures_Or_Isolated_Clusters_Of_Seizures Engel_2006_Single_Seizures_Or_Isolated_Clusters_Of_Seizures engel 2006 singl seizur or isol cluster of seizur engel 2006 single seizures or isolated clusters of seizures Engel_2006_Single_Seizures_Or_Isolated_Clusters_Of_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2006_Startle_Epilepsy Engel_2006_Startle_Epilepsy engel 2006 startl epilepsi engel 2006 startle epilepsy Engel_2006_Startle_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2006_Symptomatic_Or_Probably_Symptomatic_Focal_Epilepsies Engel_2006_Symptomatic_Or_Probably_Symptomatic_Focal_Epilepsies engel 2006 symptomat or probabl symptomat focal epilepsi engel 2006 symptomatic or probably symptomatic focal epilepsies Engel_2006_Symptomatic_Or_Probably_Symptomatic_Focal_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2006_West_Syndrome Engel_2006_West_Syndrome engel 2006 west syndrom engel 2006 west syndrome Engel_2006_West_Syndrome ESSO:Environmental_Factors Environmental_Factors Scheuermann 2009 Diseas correl with genet and environment variabl environment factor environmental factors scheuermann 2009 disease correlates with genetic and environmental variables Environmental_Factors ESSO:Epigastic_Sensation_Abnormal Epigastic_Sensation_Abnormal Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 epigast sensat abnorm epigastic sensation abnormal Epigastic_Sensation_Abnormal ESSO:Epigastic_Sensation_Normal Epigastic_Sensation_Normal Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 epigast sensat normal epigastic sensation normal Epigastic_Sensation_Normal ESSO:Epigastric_Emptiness Epigastric_Emptiness epigastr empti epigastric emptiness Epigastric_Emptiness ESSO:Epigastric_Malaise Epigastric_Malaise Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 epigastr malais epigastric malaise Epigastric_Malaise ESSO:Epigastric_Pain Epigastric_Pain Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 epigastr pain epigastric pain Epigastric_Pain ESSO:Epigastric_Sensation Epigastric_Sensation Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 epigastr sensat epigastric sensation Epigastric_Sensation ESSO:Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua Bancaud 1981 Under this name have been describ case of simpl partial seizur with focal motor sign without a march, usual consist of clonic spasms, which remain confin to the part of the bodi in which they originate, but which persist with littl or no intermiss for hour or day at a stretch. Conscious is usual preserved, but postict weak is frequent evident. Veri local motor status When focal motor seizur activ is continu Engel 2001 Epilepsia Partiali Continua of Kojevnikov bancaud 1981 under this name have been described cases of simple partial seizures with focal motor signs without a march, usually consisting of clonic spasms, which remain confined to the part of the body in which they originate, but which persist with little or no intermission for hours or days at a stretch. consciousness is usually preserved, but postictal weakness is frequently evident. very localized motor status when focal motor seizure activity is continuous engel 2001 epilepsia partialis continua of kojevnikov epilepsia partiali continua epilepsia partialis continua Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua ESSO:Epilepsies_With_Grand_Mal_GTCS_Seizures_on_Awakening Epilepsies_With_Grand_Mal_GTCS_Seizures_on_Awakening ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with GTCS on awaken is a syndrom with onset occur most in the second decad of life. The GTCS occur exclus or predomin (>90% of the time) short after awaken regardless of the time of day or in a second seizur peak in the even period of relaxation. If other seizur occur, they are most absenc or myoclonic, as in juvenil myoclon epilepsy. Seizur may be precipit by sleep depriv and other extern factors. Genet predisposit is relat frequent. The EEG show one of the pattern of idiopath general epilepsy. There is a signific correl with photosensitivity. epilepsi with grand mal g t c s seizur on awaken epilepsies with grand mal g t c s seizures on awakening ilae 1989 epilepsy with gtcs on awakening is a syndrome with onset occurring mostly in the second decade of life. the gtcs occur exclusively or predominantly (>90% of the time) shortly after awakening regardless of the time of day or in a second seizure peak in the evening period of relaxation. if other seizures occur, they are mostly absence or myoclonic, as in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. seizures may be precipitated by sleep deprivation and other external factors. genetic predisposition is relatively frequent. the eeg shows one of the patterns of idiopathic generalized epilepsy. there is a significant correlation with photosensitivity. Epilepsies_With_Grand_Mal_GTCS_Seizures_on_Awakening ESSO:Epilepsy_Disease Epilepsy_Disease Luder 1998 Epilepsi classif The semiolog seizur classif is a classif of the semiolog of the seizur only. The epilept syndrome, however, is defin by consid all clinic inform (semiolog seizur type, interict EEG, ictal EEG, function and anatom neuroimaging, seizur evolut over time, neurolog examination, and so on). In our institutions, we first defin the epitept syndrome, then list the semiolog characterist of the patient’ seizures, state the presum caus of the epilept syndrome, and record import addit medic condit which the patient has. This approach summar the essenti featur of the epilepsi and has been describ in detail elsewher (6). Some illustr exampl follow. 1. Left Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi Seizures: Abdomin aura --> automotor seizur Cause: Left mesial tempor sclerosi Relat medic conditions: Febril convulsions, Memori deficit, Cerebellar atrophi 2. Absenc Epilepsi Seizures: Typic dialept seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Cause: Genet Relat medic conditions:Non 3. Lennox-Gastaut syndrom Seizures: Gener tonic seizure, Dialept seizure, Astatic seizur Cause: Tuber sclerosi Relat medic conditions: Mental retardation, Depress 4. Right Frontal Epilepsi Seizures: Asymmetr bilater tonic seizur --> Left arm clonic seizur --> Gener tonic clonic seizur Cause: Right mesial frontal cortic dysplasia Relat medic conditions: Schizophrenia, Mild mental retard Engel 2006 Epilepsi disease: A patholog condit with a singl specific, well-defin etiology. Thus, progress myoclonus epilepsi is a syndrome, but Unverricht–Lundborg is a diseas (new concept). Scheuermann 2009 Epilepsi as a diseas that dispos to the occurr of seizur (patholog processes) due to an under abnorm in the neuron circuitri of the brain (physic basis) Fischer 2014 Definit is usual practic appli as have two unprovok seizur >24 h apart. The task forc propos that epilepsi be consid to be a diseaseof the brain defin by ani of the follow conditions: (1) At least two unprovok (or reflex) seizur occur >24 h apart; (2) one unprovok (or reflex) seizur and a probabl of further seizur similar to the general recurr risk (at least 60%) after two unprovok seizures, occur over the next 10 years; (3) diagnosi of an epilepsi syndrom Epilepsi is a disord of the brain character by an endur predisposit to generat epilept seizures, and by theneurobiologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequ of this condition. The definit of epilepsi requir the occurr of at least one epilept seizure. Term diseas may (butnot always) convey a more last derang of normal function The ILAE and the Internat Bureau for Epilepsi (IBE) have recent agre that epilepsi is best consid to be a disease. Epilepsi exist in a patient who has had a seizur and whose brain, for whatev reason, demonstr a patholog and endur tendenc to have recurr seizures. This tendenc can be imagin as a patholog lower of the seizur threshold, when compar to person without the condition. It make littl sens to say that someon has an epilepsi syndrom but not epilepsy. If evid exist for an epilepsi syndrome, then epilepsi may be presum to be present, even if the risk of subsequ seizur is low. epilepsi diseas epilepsy disease luders 1998 epilepsy classification the semiological seizure classification is a classification of the semiology of the seizures only. the epileptic syndrome, however, is defined by considering all clinical information (semiological seizure type, interictal eeg, ictal eeg, functional and anatomic neuroimaging, seizure evolution over time, neurological examination, and so on). in our institutions, we first define the epiteptic syndrome, then list the semiological characteristics of the patient’s seizures, state the presumed cause of the epileptic syndrome, and record important additional medical conditions which the patient has. this approach summarizes the essential features of the epilepsy and has been described in detail elsewhere (6). some illustrative examples follow. 1. left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy seizures: abdominal aura --> automotor seizure cause: left mesial temporal sclerosis related medical conditions: febrile convulsions, memory deficit, cerebellar atrophy 2. absence epilepsy seizures: typical dialeptic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure cause: genetic related medical conditions:none 3. lennox-gastaut syndrome seizures: generalized tonic seizure, dialeptic seizure, astatic seizure cause: tuberous sclerosis related medical conditions: mental retardation, depression 4. right frontal epilepsy seizures: asymmetric bilateral tonic seizure --> left arm clonic seizure --> generalized tonic clonic seizure cause: right mesial frontal cortical dysplasia related medical conditions: schizophrenia, mild mental retardation engel 2006 epilepsy disease: a pathological condition with a single specific, well-defined etiology. thus, progressive myoclonus epilepsy is a syndrome, but unverricht–lundborg is a disease (new concept). scheuermann 2009 epilepsy as a disease that disposes to the occurrence of seizures (pathological processes) due to an underlying abnormality in the neuronal circuitry of the brain (physical basis) fischer 2014 definition is usually practically applied as having two unprovoked seizures >24 h apart. the task force proposed that epilepsy be considered to be a diseaseof the brain defined by any of the following conditions: (1) at least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring >24 h apart; (2) one unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years; (3) diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by an enduring predisposition to generate epileptic seizures, and by theneurobiologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences of this condition. the definition of epilepsy requires the occurrence of at least one epileptic seizure. term disease may (butnot always) convey a more lasting derangement of normal function the ilae and the international bureau for epilepsy (ibe) have recently agreed that epilepsy is best considered to be a disease. epilepsy exists in a patient who has had a seizure and whose brain, for whatever reason, demonstrates a pathologic and enduring tendency to have recurrent seizures. this tendency can be imagined as a pathologic lowering of the seizure threshold, when compared to persons without the condition. it makes little sense to say that someone has an epilepsy syndrome but not epilepsy. if evidence exists for an epilepsy syndrome, then epilepsy may be presumed to be present, even if the risk of subsequent seizures is low. Epilepsy_Disease ESSO:Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-Wave_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-Wave_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with continu spike-wav dure slow-wav sleep Epilepsi with continu spike-wav dure slow sleep result from the associ of various seizur types, partial or generalized, occur dure sleep, and atyp absenc when awake. Tonic seizur do not occur. The characterist EEG pattern consist of continu diffus spike-wav dure slow wave sleep, which is note after onset of seizures. Durat vari from month to years. Despit the usual benign evolut of seizures, prognosi is guard becaus of the appear of neuropsycholog disorders. Engel 2001 Epilepsi with continu spike-and-wav dure slow-wav sleep - Other than LKS. epilepsi with continu spike- wave dure slow- wave sleep epilepsy with continuous spike- wave during slow- wave sleep ilae 1989 epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep epilepsy with continuous spike-waves during slow sleep results from the association of various seizure types, partial or generalized, occurring during sleep, and atypical absences when awake. tonic seizures do not occur. the characteristic eeg pattern consists of continuous diffuse spike-waves during slow wave sleep, which is noted after onset of seizures. duration varies from months to years. despite the usually benign evolution of seizures, prognosis is guarded because of the appearance of neuropsychologic disorders. engel 2001 epilepsy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep - other than lks. Epilepsy_With_Continuous_Spike-Wave_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep ESSO:Epilepsy_of_Infancy_with_Migrating_Focal_Seizures Epilepsy_of_Infancy_with_Migrating_Focal_Seizures ILAE 2010 Epilepsi of Infanci with Migrat Focal Seizur epilepsi of infanc with migrat focal seizur epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures ilae 2010 epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures Epilepsy_of_Infancy_with_Migrating_Focal_Seizures ESSO:Epilepsy_with_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Alone Epilepsy_with_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Alone ILAE 2010 Epilepsi with Gener Tonic-Clon Seizur Alone epilepsi with general tonic- clonic seizur alon epilepsy with generalized tonic- clonic seizures alone ilae 2010 epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone Epilepsy_with_Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures_Alone ESSO:Epilepsy_with_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures Epilepsy_with_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with myoclonic-astat seizur Manifest of myoclonic-astat seizur begin between the age of 7 month and 6 year (most between the age of 2 and 5 years), with (except if seizur begin in the first year) twice as mani boy affected. There is frequent hereditari predisposit and usual a normal development background. The seizur are myoclonic, astatic, myoclonic-astatic, absenc with clonic and tonic components, and tonic-clonic. Status frequent occurs. Tonic seizur develop late in the cours of unfavor cases. The EEG, initi often normal except for 4-7-Hz rhythms, may have irregular fast spike-wav or polyspik wave. Cours and outcom are variable. Engel 2001 Epilepsi with Myoclon - Astatic Seizur epilepsi with myoclonic- astat seizur epilepsy with myoclonic- astatic seizures ilae 1989 epilepsy with myoclonic-astatic seizures manifestations of myoclonic-astatic seizures begin between the ages of 7 months and 6 years (mostly between the ages of 2 and 5 years), with (except if seizures begin in the first year) twice as many boys affected. there is frequently hereditary predisposition and usually a normal developmental background. the seizures are myoclonic, astatic, myoclonic-astatic, absence with clonic and tonic components, and tonic-clonic. status frequently occurs. tonic seizures develop late in the course of unfavorable cases. the eeg, initially often normal except for 4-7-hz rhythms, may have irregular fast spike-wave or polyspike wave. course and outcome are variable. engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic - astatic seizures Epilepsy_with_Myoclonic-Astatic_Seizures ESSO:Epileptic_Encephalopathy Epileptic_Encephalopathy Engel 2006 Epilept encephalopathy: A condit in which the epilept process themselv are believ to contribut to the disturb in cerebr function (new concept) engel 2006 epileptic encephalopathy: a condition in which the epileptic processes themselves are believed to contribute to the disturbance in cerebral function (new concept) epilept encephalopathi epileptic encephalopathy Epileptic_Encephalopathy ESSO:Epileptic_Encephalopathy_Associated_With_VGKC_Antibodies Epileptic_Encephalopathy_Associated_With_VGKC_Antibodies d0000357 epilept encephalopathi associ with v g k c antibodi epileptic encephalopathy associated with v g k c antibodies Epileptic_Encephalopathy_Associated_With_VGKC_Antibodies ESSO:Epileptic_Encephalopathy_with_Continuous_Spike-and-Wave_During_Sleep_CSWS Epileptic_Encephalopathy_with_Continuous_Spike-and-Wave_During_Sleep_CSWS d0000538 epilept encephalopathi with continu spike-and- wave dure sleep c s w s epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and- wave during sleep c s w s Epileptic_Encephalopathy_with_Continuous_Spike-and-Wave_During_Sleep_CSWS ESSO:Epileptic_Event Epileptic_Event Engel 2001 Epilept seizur type: An ictal event believ to repres a uniqu pathophysiolog mechan and anatom substrate. This is a diagnost entiti with etiological, therapeut and prognost implic (new concept). engel 2001 epileptic seizure type: an ictal event believed to represent a unique pathophysiological mechanism and anatomical substrate. this is a diagnostic entity with etiological, therapeutic and prognostic implications (new concept). epilept event epileptic event Epileptic_Event ESSO:Epileptic_March Epileptic_March bancaud 1981 focal motor with march epilept march epileptic march Epileptic_March ESSO:Epileptic_Seizure_Event Epileptic_Seizure_Event epilept seizur event epileptic seizure event Epileptic_Seizure_Event ESSO:Epileptiform_Activity Epileptiform_Activity Noachter 1999 Epileptiform Pattern Synonym: epileptiform discharge, epileptiform activity. Describ transient distinguish from background activity, with a characterist spiki morphology, typically, but neither exclus nor invariably, found in interict EEGs of peopl with epilepsy. epileptiform activ epileptiform activity noachter 1999 epileptiform pattern synonym: epileptiform discharge, epileptiform activity. describes transients distinguishable from background activity, with a characteristic spiky morphology, typically, but neither exclusively nor invariably, found in interictal eegs of people with epilepsy. Epileptiform_Activity ESSO:Epileptiform_Discharge Epileptiform_Discharge Noachter 1999 Epileptiform Pattern Synonym: epileptiform discharge, epileptiform activity. Describ transient distinguish from background activity, with a characterist spiki morphology, typically, but neither exclus nor invariably, found in interict EEGs of peopl with epilepsy. epileptiform discharg epileptiform discharge noachter 1999 epileptiform pattern synonym: epileptiform discharge, epileptiform activity. describes transients distinguishable from background activity, with a characteristic spiky morphology, typically, but neither exclusively nor invariably, found in interictal eegs of people with epilepsy. Epileptiform_Discharge ESSO:Equipotential Equipotential Noachter 1999 Equipotential: Appli to region of the head or electrod that are at the same potenti at a given instant in time. Synonym: isopotenti line. equipotenti equipotential noachter 1999 equipotential: applies to regions of the head or electrodes that are at the same potential at a given instant in time. synonym: isopotential line. Equipotential ESSO:Erratic Erratic errat erratic Erratic ESSO:Etiologic_Factor Etiologic_Factor Gastaut 1970 Etiolog ILAE 1989 Etiolog Idiopathic: not preced or occas by anoth diseas other than a possibl hereditari predisposit Idiopath defin by age-rel onset, clinical, EEG, genet Cryptogenic: caus hidden or occult, etiolog is unknown Luder 1998 Caus SIGN 2005 Probabl caus Syncope: transient loss of conscious due to a sudden decreas in cerebr perfus of oxygen blood Engel 2006 Axis 5: Etiology, from a classif of diseas frequent associ with epilept seizur or epilepsi syndrom when possible, genet defects, or specif patholog substrat for symptomat focal epilepsi The intent is that the seizure-typ diagnosi will have implic with respect to etiology, approach to diagnost evaluation, treatment and prognosis. Scheuermann 2009 Etiolog Process: A process in an organ that lead to a subsequ disorder. The etiolog process creat the physic basi of that disposit to patholog process which is the diseas Berg 2010 specif under caus \"caus is no longer equat with prognosis\" etiolog factor etiologic factor gastaut 1970 etiology ilae 1989 etiology idiopathic: not preceded or occasioned by another disease other than a possible hereditary predisposition idiopathic defined by age-related onset, clinical, eeg, genetics cryptogenic: cause hidden or occult, etiology is unknown luders 1998 cause sign 2005 probable causes syncope: transient loss of consciousness due to a sudden decrease in cerebral perfusion of oxygenated blood engel 2006 axis 5: etiology, from a classification of diseases frequently associated with epileptic seizure or epilepsy syndromes when possible, genetic defects, or specific pathological substrates for symptomatic focal epilepsies the intention is that the seizure-type diagnosis will have implications with respect to etiology, approaches to diagnostic evaluation, treatment and prognosis. scheuermann 2009 etiological process: a process in an organism that leads to a subsequent disorder. the etiological process creates the physical basis of that disposition to pathological processes which is the disease berg 2010 specific underlying cause \"cause is no longer equated with prognosis\" Etiologic_Factor ESSO:Event-Related_Slow_Potential_ERP Event-Related_Slow_Potential_ERP Noachter 1999 Event-rel (slow) potential: Appli main to those evok potenti elicit by cognit activities. Abbreviation: ERP (see evok potential). event- relat slow potenti e r p event- related slow potential e r p noachter 1999 event-related (slow) potential: applied mainly to those evoked potentials elicited by cognitive activities. abbreviation: erp (see evoked potential). Event-Related_Slow_Potential_ERP ESSO:Evoked_Potential Evoked_Potential Noachter 1999 Evoke Potential: Wave or complex elicit by and time-lock to a physiolog or non-physiolog stimulus or event, the time of which can be reliabl assessed, for instance, an electr stimulus, deliv to a sensori receptor or nerv or appli direct to a discret area of the brain or a movement (myoclonus). Comment: comput summat techniqu are especi suitabl for detect these and other event-rel potenti from the surfac of the head. evok potenti evoked potential noachter 1999 evoked potential: wave or complex elicited by and time-locked to a physiological or non-physiological stimulus or event, the timing of which can be reliably assessed, for instance, an electrical stimulus, delivered to a sensory receptor or nerve or applied directly to a discrete area of the brain or a movement (myoclonus). comment: computer summation techniques are especially suitable for detecting these and other event-related potentials from the surface of the head. Evoked_Potential ESSO:Evoked_Response Evoked_Response evok respons evoked response Evoked_Response ESSO:Evolution_Of_Semiologic_Seizure Evolution_Of_Semiologic_Seizure evolut of semiolog seizur evolution of semiologic seizure Evolution_Of_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Evolution_to_Other Evolution_to_Other evolut to other evolution to other Evolution_to_Other ESSO:Evolution_to_Other_Epilepsy Evolution_to_Other_Epilepsy evolut to other epilepsi evolution to other epilepsy Evolution_to_Other_Epilepsy ESSO:Evolution_to_Other_Seizure Evolution_to_Other_Seizure evolut to other seizur evolution to other seizure Evolution_to_Other_Seizure ESSO:Exceptional_Behavior Exceptional_Behavior Bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior except behavior exceptional behavior Exceptional_Behavior ESSO:Exclude Exclude exclud exclude Exclude ESSO:Excretion Excretion excret excretion Excretion ESSO:Executive_Function Executive_Function Blume 2001 Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech execut function executive function Executive_Function ESSO:Extension Extension bancaud 1981 extension extens extension Extension ESSO:Extensor_Muscle_Group Extensor_Muscle_Group Bancaud 1981 Extensor Muscl Group bancaud 1981 extensor muscle group extensor muscl group extensor muscle group Extensor_Muscle_Group ESSO:Extensor_Spasm Extensor_Spasm extensor spasm Extensor_Spasm ESSO:External_Stimuli External_Stimuli extern stimuli external stimuli External_Stimuli ESSO:Extrapyramidal_Signs Extrapyramidal_Signs extrapyramid sign extrapyramidal signs Extrapyramidal_Signs ESSO:Extreme_Amplitude Extreme_Amplitude extrem amplitud extreme amplitude Extreme_Amplitude ESSO:Extremity Extremity Bancaud 1981 Extremiti bancaud 1981 extremities extrem extremity Extremity ESSO:Eye_Blinking Eye_Blinking eye blink eye blinking Eye_Blinking ESSO:Eye_Movement Eye_Movement bancaud 1981 eye movement Eye_Movement ESSO:Eye_Rotation Eye_Rotation eye rotat eye rotation Eye_Rotation ESSO:Eyelid_Flutter Eyelid_Flutter eyelid flutter Eyelid_Flutter ESSO:Eyelids Eyelids Bancaud 1981 Eyelid bancaud 1981 eyelids eyelid eyelids Eyelids ESSO:Eyes Eyes Bancaud 1981 Eye bancaud 1981 eyes eyes Eyes ESSO:Eyes_Locked_in_Place Eyes_Locked_in_Place eye lock in place eyes locked in place it mean eye stare and not move JB: Yeah, and in build build it behind it and I suppos this is this this can be again anoth project what are the synonymi that peopl use that describ stare or lack of eye movement. RY: Sure. JB: Light on, nobodi home. That’ a common one. Look right through you. That’ a common one. JB: And, in my note, I have a free text box for the famili to describ what they see, befor I interpret it. it means eyes staring and not moving jb: yeah, and in building building it behind it and i suppose this is this this can be again another project what are the synonymies that people use that describe staring or lack of eye movement. ry: sure. jb: lights on, nobody home. that’s a common one. looking right through you. that’s a common one. jb: and, in my note, i have a free text box for the family to describe what they see, before i interpret it. Eyes_Locked_in_Place ESSO:Face_Contraction Face_Contraction face contract face contraction Face_Contraction ESSO:Fall Fall Bancaud 1981 Tone is suffici diminish to caus this person to fall. bancaud 1981 tone is sufficiently diminished to cause this person to fall. fall Fall ESSO:Falling Falling Bancaud 1981 Tone is suffici diminish to caus this person to fall. bancaud 1981 tone is sufficiently diminished to cause this person to fall. fall falling Falling ESSO:Falling_Asleep Falling_Asleep fall asleep falling asleep Falling_Asleep ESSO:Falling_in_Space Falling_in_Space Bancaud 1981 Fall in space bancaud 1981 falling in space fall in space falling in space Falling_in_Space ESSO:Familial_Autosomal_Dominant_Focal_Epilepsy Familial_Autosomal_Dominant_Focal_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Famili autosom domin focal epilepsi engel 2001 familial autosomal dominant focal epilepsies famili autosom domin focal epilepsi familial autosomal dominant focal epilepsy Familial_Autosomal_Dominant_Focal_Epilepsy ESSO:Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_with_Variable_Foci Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_with_Variable_Foci Engel 2001 Famili Focal Epilepsi with Variabl Foci Syndrom in develop ILAE 2010 Childhood to Adult Famili Focal Epilepsi with Variabl Foci engel 2001 familial focal epilepsy with variable foci syndromes in development ilae 2010 childhood to adult familial focal epilepsy with variable foci famili focal epilepsi with variabl foci familial focal epilepsy with variable foci Familial_Focal_Epilepsy_with_Variable_Foci ESSO:Familiarity_Distortion Familiarity_Distortion Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience familiar distort familiarity distortion Familiarity_Distortion ESSO:Family_History Family_History ILAE 1989 Epilepsi Seizur Convuls Febril Convuls SIGN 2006 In all patient with newli diagnos epilepsy, a 3 generat famili histori should be taken (siblings, parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins) Famili with a histori of epilepsi should be refer to the clinic genet seevic particular if three or more famili member of the famili are affect Famili should be given inform about the genet aspect of epilepsi and like recurr risk famili histori family history ilae 1989 epilepsy seizures convulsions febrile convulsions sign 2006 in all patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy, a 3 generation family history should be taken (siblings, parents, grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins) families with a history of epilepsy should be referred to the clinical genetic seevice particularly if three or more family members of the family are affected families should be given information about the genetic aspects of epilepsy and likely recurrence risks Family_History ESSO:Fast_Activity Fast_Activity Bancaud 1981 Fast Activiti or a Fast Rhythm or 9-10c/sec 10c/sec or more Noachter 1999 Fast Activity: Activiti of frequenc higher than alpha, i.e. beta and gamma activity. bancaud 1981 fast activity or a fast rhythm or 9-10c/sec 10c/sec or more noachter 1999 fast activity: activity of frequency higher than alpha, i.e. beta and gamma activity. fast activ fast activity Fast_Activity ESSO:Fast_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Fast_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Fast Alpha Variant Rhythm: Characterist rhythm at 14-20 Hz, detect most promin over the posterior region of the head. May altern or be intermix with alpha rhythm. Block or attenu by attention, especi visual, and mental effort. fast alpha variant rhythm noachter 1999 fast alpha variant rhythm: characteristic rhythm at 14-20 hz, detected most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. may alternate or be intermixed with alpha rhythm. blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. Fast_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm ESSO:Fast_or_Short_Wave Fast_or_Short_Wave <1/13s fast or short wave Fast_or_Short_Wave ESSO:Febrile_Convulsions Febrile_Convulsions ILAE 1989 Febril convuls Febril convuls are an age-rel disord almost alway character by general seizur occur dure an acut febril illness. Most febril convuls are brief and uncomplicated, but some may be more prolong and follow by transient or perman neurolog sequelae, such as the hemiplegia-hemiatrophy-epilepsy(HHE) syndrome. Febril convuls tend to recur in about one-third of affect patients. Controversi about the risk of develop epilepsi later have larg been resolv by some recent larg studies; the overal risk is probabl not more than 4%. The indic for prolong drug prophylaxi against recurr of febril convuls are now more clear defined, and most individu do not requir prophylaxis. Essentially, this condit is a relat benign disord of earli childhood. Engel 2001 Another chang in terminolog evid in this document is the omiss of the word “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epilept seizur type and epilepsi syndromes. The Task Forc thought that these are nonspecif lay terms, and at time improp used. Consequ it was agre to be consistent, not onli in descript ictal terminology, but also in name epilept seizur type and syndromes, to avoid these terms. For instance, the Task Forc is propos that the term “febril convulsions” be replac by “febril seizures.” febril convuls febrile convulsions ilae 1989 febrile convulsions febrile convulsions are an age-related disorder almost always characterized by generalized seizures occurring during an acute febrile illness. most febrile convulsions are brief and uncomplicated, but some may be more prolonged and followed by transient or permanent neurologic sequelae, such as the hemiplegia-hemiatrophy-epilepsy(hhe) syndrome. febrile convulsions tend to recur in about one-third of affected patients. controversy about the risks of developing epilepsy later have largely been resolved by some recent large studies; the overall risk is probably not more than 4%. the indications for prolonged drug prophylaxis against recurrence of febrile convulsions are now more clearly defined, and most individuals do not require prophylaxis. essentially, this condition is a relatively benign disorder of early childhood. engel 2001 another change in terminology evident in this document is the omission of the words “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epileptic seizure types and epilepsy syndromes. the task force thought that these are nonspecific lay terms, and at times improperly used. consequently it was agreed to be consistent, not only in descriptive ictal terminology, but also in naming epileptic seizure types and syndromes, to avoid these terms. for instance, the task force is proposing that the term “febrile convulsions” be replaced by “febrile seizures.” Febrile_Convulsions ESSO:Febrile_Seizures_Plus_FS Febrile_Seizures_Plus_FS Engel 2001 Gener Epilepsi with Febril Seizur Plus Syndrom in develop ILAE 2010 Febril Seizur Plus (FS+) Can start in infanc engel 2001 generalized epilepsies with febrile seizures plus syndromes in development ilae 2010 febrile seizures plus (fs+) can start in infancy febril seizur plus f s febrile seizures plus f s Febrile_Seizures_Plus_FS ESSO:Febrile_Status_Epilepticus Febrile_Status_Epilepticus Associat with Dravet Syndrom associated with dravet syndrome febril status epilepticus febrile status epilepticus Febrile_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Female Female d0000546 femal female Female ESSO:Fencing Fencing fenc fencing Fencing ESSO:Fine_Motor_Disability Fine_Motor_Disability fine motor disability fine motor disabl Fine_Motor_Disability ESSO:Fixation-Off_Sensitivity_Activation_Procedure Fixation-Off_Sensitivity_Activation_Procedure fixation- off sensit activ procedur fixation- off sensitivity activation procedure Fixation-Off_Sensitivity_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Flashback Flashback Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi (a flashback) bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience (a flashback) flashback Flashback ESSO:Flashes Flashes Bancaud 1981 Flashes, Flash Light Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. bancaud 1981 flashes, flashing lights blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. flash flashes Flashes ESSO:Flashing_Lights Flashing_Lights Engel 2001 Flicker Lights: Color To Be Specifi When Possibl engel 2001 flickering lights: color to be specified when possible flash light flashing lights Flashing_Lights ESSO:Flexion Flexion flexion Flexion ESSO:Flexor_Muscle_Group Flexor_Muscle_Group Bancaud 1981 Flexor muscl group bancaud 1981 flexor muscle group flexor muscl group flexor muscle group Flexor_Muscle_Group ESSO:Flexor_Spasm Flexor_Spasm flexor spasm Flexor_Spasm ESSO:Flickering_Light Flickering_Light Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. flicker light flickering light Flickering_Light ESSO:Floating Floating Bancaud 1981 Float bancaud 1981 floating float floating Floating ESSO:Flushing Flushing Bancaud 1981 Flush bancaud 1981 flushing flush flushing Flushing ESSO:Focal Focal Gastaut 1970 Focal Onset Bancaud 1981 Focal Noachter 1999 Focal: Limit to a small area of the brain, i.e. record in one or two intracrani electrod (see regional, multifocal). Blume 2001 Focal 
(syn. partial) A seizur whose initi semiolog indicates, or is consist with, initi activ of onli part of one cerebr hemisphere. focal gastaut 1970 focal onset bancaud 1981 focal noachter 1999 focal: limited to a small area of the brain, i.e. recorded in one or two intracranial electrodes (see regional, multifocal). blume 2001 focal 
(syn. partial) a seizure whose initial semiology indicates, or is consistent with, initial activation of only part of one cerebral hemisphere. Focal ESSO:Focal_Dyscognitive Focal_Dyscognitive focal dyscognit focal dyscognitive Focal_Dyscognitive ESSO:Focal_Semiology Focal_Semiology focal semiolog focal semiology Focal_Semiology ESSO:Foreshortening Foreshortening foreshorten foreshortening Foreshortening ESSO:Form Form form Form ESSO:Fornix Fornix Trancr 2005 The Fornix is the major output pathway of the hippocamp formation. It contain fibr which pass from the hippocampus to the septal area, mammillari bodi and anterior nucleus as well as to the hippocamp format of the opposit side. Structures: Alveus Anterior Commissur Anterior Nucleus Circuit of Papez Corpus Callosum - Splenium Fimbria Fornix - Bodi Fornix - Column Fornix - Crus Hippocamp Commissur Hippocamp Format Hippocamp Gyrus Hypothalamus Interventricular Foramen Mammillari Bodi Thalamus Information: The fornix is the major effer pathway of the hippocamp formation, although it also contain a signific number of affer to the hippocampus. The hippocamp effer aris main from the pyramid cell in the hippocamp gyrus and subiculum. They then cross the surfac of the hippocamp gyrus as the alveus befor aggreg togeth on it dorsomedi surfac to form the first part of the fornix, the fimbria. The crus of the fornix is a continu of the fimbria at the caudal end of the hippocamp gyrus, beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. It pass upward and medial over the posterior surfac of the thalamus. As it approach the midlin just beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum, some fibr decuss to enter the opposit crus form the hippocamp commissur (these decuss fibr end in the opposit hippocamp formation). Above the dorsal surfac of the thalamus, the two crura then merg with each other to form the bodi of the fornix, which travel forward for a short distanc befor separ into two columns. The column of the fornix curv ventral in front of the interventricular foramen and posterior to the anterior commissure. Some fibr leav the column of the fornix just abov the anterior commissure, form the precommissur part of the fornix which termin in the septal area and anterior part of the hypothalamus. The remain fibr in the fornix form the postcommissur part which travers the gray matter of the hypothalamus, divid it into medial and later regions. The fibr of the postcommissur part termin main in the mammillari bodi with a lesser number termin in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. The fornix form part of the Circuit of Papez and it integr is essenti for the acquisit of new memories. fornix trancred 2005 the fornix is the major output pathway of the hippocampal formation. it contains fibres which pass from the hippocampus to the septal area, mammillary body and anterior nucleus as well as to the hippocampal formation of the opposite side. structures: alveus anterior commissure anterior nucleus circuit of papez corpus callosum - splenium fimbria fornix - body fornix - column fornix - crus hippocampal commissure hippocampal formation hippocampal gyrus hypothalamus interventricular foramen mammillary body thalamus information: the fornix is the major efferent pathway of the hippocampal formation, although it also contains a significant number of afferents to the hippocampus. the hippocampal efferents arise mainly from the pyramidal cells in the hippocampal gyrus and subiculum. they then cross the surface of the hippocampal gyrus as the alveus before aggregating together on its dorsomedial surface to form the first part of the fornix, the fimbria. the crus of the fornix is a continuation of the fimbria at the caudal end of the hippocampal gyrus, beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. it passes upwards and medially over the posterior surface of the thalamus. as it approaches the midline just beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum, some fibres decussate to enter the opposite crus forming the hippocampal commissure (these decussating fibres end in the opposite hippocampal formation). above the dorsal surface of the thalamus, the two crura then merge with each other to form the body of the fornix, which travels forward for a short distance before separating into two columns. the columns of the fornix curve ventrally in front of the interventricular foramen and posterior to the anterior commissure. some fibres leave the column of the fornix just above the anterior commissure, forming the precommissural part of the fornix which terminates in the septal area and anterior part of the hypothalamus. the remaining fibres in the fornix form the postcommissural part which traverses the gray matter of the hypothalamus, dividing it into medial and lateral regions. the fibres of the postcommissural part terminate mainly in the mammillary body with a lesser number terminating in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. the fornix forms part of the circuit of papez and its integrity is essential for the acquisition of new memories. Fornix ESSO:Fragmentary Fragmentary fragmentari fragmentary Fragmentary ESSO:Fragmentary_Behavior Fragmentary_Behavior Bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior fragmentari behavior fragmentary behavior Fragmentary_Behavior ESSO:Frequency Frequency Noachter 1999 Frequency: Number of complet cycl of repetit wave or complex in 1 s. Measur in cycl per second (c/s) or Hertz (Hz). Comment: the term Hz seem appropri when appli to sinusoid wave such as alpha activity, but seem inappropri when appli to complex wave form such as spike-and-slow-wave. frequenc frequency noachter 1999 frequency: number of complete cycles of repetitive waves or complexes in 1 s. measured in cycles per second (c/s) or hertz (hz). comment: the term hz seems appropriate when applied to sinusoidal waves such as alpha activity, but seems inappropriate when applied to complex wave forms such as spike-and-slow-wave. Frequency ESSO:Frequency_Decreasing Frequency_Decreasing Bancaud 1981 Decreas in frequenc As the frequenc diminish bancaud 1981 decreasing in frequency as the frequency diminishes frequenc decreas frequency decreasing Frequency_Decreasing ESSO:Frequency_Increasing Frequency_Increasing frequenc increas frequency increasing Frequency_Increasing ESSO:Frequency_of_Seizure_or_Semiology Frequency_of_Seizure_or_Semiology frequenc of seizur or semiolog frequency of seizure or semiology Frequency_of_Seizure_or_Semiology ESSO:Frequency_of_Waveform_in_EEG Frequency_of_Waveform_in_EEG frequenc of waveform in e e g frequency of waveform in e e g Frequency_of_Waveform_in_EEG ESSO:Frequent Frequent frequent Frequent ESSO:Friedreichs_Disease Friedreichs_Disease friedreich diseas friedreichs disease Friedreichs_Disease ESSO:Frontal_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_FIRDA Frontal_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_FIRDA Noachter 1999 Frontal Intermitt Rhythmic Delta Activity: Fair regular, approxim sinusoid or saw-tooth waves, most occur in burst at 1.5-2.5 Hz over the frontal area of one or both side of the head. Abbreviation: FIRDA. Comment: most common associ with unspecifi encephalopathy. frontal intermitt rhythmic delta activ f i r d a frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity f i r d a noachter 1999 frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity: fairly regular, approximately sinusoidal or saw-tooth waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 1.5-2.5 hz over the frontal areas of one or both sides of the head. abbreviation: firda. comment: most commonly associated with unspecified encephalopathy. Frontal_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_FIRDA ESSO:Fronto-Parietal_Junction Fronto-Parietal_Junction fronto- pariet junction fronto- parietal junction Fronto-Parietal_Junction ESSO:Fullness Fullness full fullness Fullness ESSO:Fumbling Fumbling Bancaud 1981 Fumbl of cloth bancaud 1981 fumbling of clothes fumbl fumbling Fumbling ESSO:Functional Functional function functional Functional ESSO:Functional_MRI_fMRI Functional_MRI_fMRI function m r i f m r i functional m r i f m r i Functional_MRI_fMRI ESSO:Fundoscopic_Examination Fundoscopic_Examination fundoscop examin fundoscopic examination Fundoscopic_Examination ESSO:GABRA1_Gene GABRA1_Gene g a b r a1 gene GABRA1_Gene ESSO:GABRA3_Gene GABRA3_Gene g a b r a3 gene GABRA3_Gene ESSO:GABRD_Gene GABRD_Gene g a b r d gene GABRD_Gene ESSO:GABRG2_Gene GABRG2_Gene g a b r g2 gene GABRG2_Gene ESSO:GI_Signs_ON_HOlD GI_Signs_ON_HOlD g i sign o n h ol d g i signs o n h ol d GI_Signs_ON_HOlD ESSO:GNAO1_Gene GNAO1_Gene g n a o1 gene GNAO1_Gene ESSO:GRIN2B_Gene GRIN2B_Gene g r i n2 b gene GRIN2B_Gene ESSO:Gamma_Band_Frequency Gamma_Band_Frequency >40hz gamma band frequenc gamma band frequency Gamma_Band_Frequency ESSO:Gamma_Rhythm Gamma_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Gamma Rhythm: An EEG rhythm abov 40 Hz. Comment: most common record with intracrani electrodes. gamma rhythm noachter 1999 gamma rhythm: an eeg rhythm above 40 hz. comment: most commonly recorded with intracranial electrodes. Gamma_Rhythm ESSO:Gamma_Wave Gamma_Wave <1/40s gamma wave Gamma_Wave ESSO:Gastrointestinal_Sign Gastrointestinal_Sign gastrointestin sign gastrointestinal sign Gastrointestinal_Sign ESSO:Gaucher_Disease Gaucher_Disease d0000564 gaucher diseas gaucher disease Gaucher_Disease ESSO:Gaucher_Disease_Juvenile_Form Gaucher_Disease_Juvenile_Form ILAE 1989 A juvenil form of Gaucher diseas is mark by onset at ~6-8 year of age, with epilept seizur of various types, most common GTCS or partial motor. The EEG show progress deterior of background activity, abnorm photic response, diffus paroxysm abnormalities, and multifoc abnorm with a clear posterior predominance. gaucher diseas juvenil form gaucher disease juvenile form ilae 1989 a juvenile form of gaucher disease is marked by onset at ~6-8 years of age, with epileptic seizures of various types, most commonly gtcs or partial motor. the eeg shows progressive deterioration of background activity, abnormal photic response, diffuse paroxysmal abnormalities, and multifocal abnormalities with a clear posterior predominance. Gaucher_Disease_Juvenile_Form ESSO:Gelastic_Seizures_with_Hypothalamic_Hamartoma Gelastic_Seizures_with_Hypothalamic_Hamartoma ILAE 2010 Gelast Seizur with Hypothalam Hamartoma gelast seizur with hypothalam hamartoma gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma ilae 2010 gelastic seizures with hypothalamic hamartoma Gelastic_Seizures_with_Hypothalamic_Hamartoma ESSO:General_Headache General_Headache general headach general headache General_Headache ESSO:Generalized Generalized Gastaut 1970 Gener Bancaud 1981 Gener Luder 1998 The modifi general is use when the manifest occur in a relat widespread distribut and there is approxim equal involv of both side and of the distal and proxim segments. ILAE 1989 Gener Blume 2001 I 6.0 Gener 
(syn. bilateral) A seizur whose initi semiolog indicates, or is consist with, more than minim involv of both cerebr hemispheres. Blume 2001 II 4.1.2 Generalized: More than minim involv of each side as a motor, elementari sensory, or autonom phenomenon. Motor compon can be further modifi as asymmetr and symmetrical. gastaut 1970 generalized bancaud 1981 generalized luders 1998 the modifier generalized is used when the manifestations occur in a relatively widespread distribution and there is approximately equal involvement of both sides and of the distal and proximal segments. ilae 1989 generalized blume 2001 i 6.0 generalized 
(syn. bilateral) a seizure whose initial semiology indicates, or is consistent with, more than minimal involvement of both cerebral hemispheres. blume 2001 ii 4.1.2 generalized: more than minimal involvement of each side as a motor, elementary sensory, or autonomic phenomenon. motor component can be further modified as asymmetrical and symmetrical. general generalized Generalized ESSO:Generalized_EEG Generalized_EEG Noachter 1999 Generalized: Occur over all region of the head, usual with a frontal maximum, rare with an occipit maximum. general e e g generalized e e g noachter 1999 generalized: occurring over all regions of the head, usually with a frontal maximum, rarely with an occipital maximum. Generalized_EEG ESSO:Generalized_Epilepsies_with_Seizures_Precipitated_by_Specific_Modes_of_Activation Generalized_Epilepsies_with_Seizures_Precipitated_by_Specific_Modes_of_Activation ILAE 1989 Precipit seizur are those in which environment or intern factor consist preced the attack and are differenti from spontan epilept attack in which precipit factor cannot be identified. Certain nonspecif factor (e.g., sleeplessness, alcohol or drug withdrawal, or hyperventilation) are common precipit and are not specif mode of seizur precipitation. In certain epilept syndromes, the seizur clear may be somewhat more suscept to nonspecif factors, but this is onli occasion use in classifi epilept syndromes. An epilepsi character by specif mode of seizur precipitation, however, is one in which a consist relationship can be recogn between the occurr of one or more defin nonict event and subsequ occurr of a specif stereotyp seizure. Some epilepsi have seizur precipit by specif sensat or percept (the reflex epilepsies) in which seizur occur in respons to discret or specif stimuli. These stimuli are usual limit in individu patient to a singl specif stimulus or a limit number of close relat stimuli. Although the epilepsi which result are usual general and of idiopath nature, certain partial seizur may also occur follow acquir lesions, usual involv tactil or propriocept stimuli. Epilept seizur may also be precipit by sudden arous (startl epilepsy); the stimulus is unexpect in nature. The seizur are usual general tonic but may be partial and are usual symptomatic. Seizur precipit by integr of higher cerebr function such as memori or pattern recognit are most often associ with complex partial epilepsies, but are occasion observ in general epilepsi (such as read epilepsy). Seizur also occur spontan in most such patients. general epilepsi with seizur precipit by specif mode of activ generalized epilepsies with seizures precipitated by specific modes of activation ilae 1989 precipitated seizures are those in which environmental or internal factors consistently precede the attacks and are differentiated from spontaneous epileptic attacks in which precipitating factors cannot be identified. certain nonspecific factors (e.g., sleeplessness, alcohol or drug withdrawal, or hyperventilation) are common precipitators and are not specific modes of seizure precipitation. in certain epileptic syndromes, the seizures clearly may be somewhat more susceptible to nonspecific factors, but this is only occasionally useful in classifying epileptic syndromes. an epilepsy characterized by specific modes of seizure precipitation, however, is one in which a consistent relationship can be recognized between the occurrence of one or more definable nonictal events and subsequent occurrence of a specific stereotyped seizure. some epilepsies have seizures precipitated by specific sensation or perception (the reflex epilepsies) in which seizures occur in response to discrete or specific stimuli. these stimuli are usually limited in individual patients to a single specific stimulus or a limited number of closely related stimuli. although the epilepsies which result are usually generalized and of idiopathic nature, certain partial seizures may also occur following acquired lesions, usually involving tactile or proprioceptive stimuli. epileptic seizures may also be precipitated by sudden arousal (startle epilepsy); the stimulus is unexpected in nature. the seizures are usually generalized tonic but may be partial and are usually symptomatic. seizures precipitated by integration of higher cerebral function such as memory or pattern recognition are most often associated with complex partial epilepsies, but are occasionally observed in generalized epilepsies (such as reading epilepsy). seizures also occur spontaneously in most such patients. Generalized_Epilepsies_with_Seizures_Precipitated_by_Specific_Modes_of_Activation ESSO:Generalized_Semiology Generalized_Semiology general semiolog generalized semiology Generalized_Semiology ESSO:Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizure Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizure general tonic- clonic seizur generalized tonic- clonic seizure Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Seizure ESSO:Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Status Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Status Luder 1998 Tonic-Clon Seizur Gener tonic-clon seizur are character by an initi tonic postur of all limbs. The sustain muscl contract that determin the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolv into a clonic phase with contract of progress decreas frequenc until the contract disappear completely. The muscl includ in the tonic and clonic phase should be essenti the same. Focal motor seizur show such a tonic-clon evolut are infrequent. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Gener Tonic-Clon Status Epilepticus general tonic- clonic status generalized tonic- clonic status luders 1998 tonic-clonic seizure generalized tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by an initial tonic posturing of all limbs. the sustained muscle contractions that determined the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolving into a clonic phase with contractions of progressively decreasing frequency until the contractions disappear completely. the muscles included in the tonic and clonic phase should be essentially the same. focal motor seizures showing such a tonic-clonic evolution are infrequent. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus Generalized_Tonic-Clonic_Status ESSO:Genetic Genetic ILAE 1989 Presum genet etiolog Scheuermann 2009 Diseas correl with genet and environment variabl genet genetic ilae 1989 presumed genetic etiology scheuermann 2009 disease correlates with genetic and environmental variables Genetic ESSO:Genetic_Disease Genetic_Disease Scheuermann 2009 Genet Disorder: A disord whose etiolog involv an abnorm in the nucleotid sequenc of an organism’ genome. Scheuermann 2009 Genet Predisposit to Diseas of Type X: A predisposit to diseas of type X whose physic basi is a constitut abnorm in an organism’ genome. This abnorm is the physic basi for the increas risk of acquir diseas X. Examples: p53 mutat in Li-Fraumeni Syndrom predispos to cancer; ApoE allel predispos to Alzheimer’ disease. genet diseas genetic disease scheuermann 2009 genetic disorder: a disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism’s genome. scheuermann 2009 genetic predisposition to disease of type x: a predisposition to disease of type x whose physical basis is a constitutional abnormality in an organism’s genome. this abnormality is the physical basis for the increased risk of acquiring disease x. examples: p53 mutation in li-fraumeni syndrome predisposing to cancer; apoe alleles predisposing to alzheimer’s disease. Genetic_Disease ESSO:Genetic_Test Genetic_Test SIGN 2006 molecular genet test genet test genetic test sign 2006 molecular genetic test Genetic_Test ESSO:Genital Genital genit genital Genital ESSO:Gestural_Automotor_Seizure Gestural_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Gestural: Often unilateral. Fumbl or exploratori movement with the hand, direct toward self or environment. Movement resembl those intend to lend further emot tone to speech. blume 2001 gestural: often unilateral. fumbling or exploratory movements with the hand, directed toward self or environment. movements resembling those intended to lend further emotional tone to speech. gestur automotor seizur gestural automotor seizure Gestural_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Gestural_Automotor_Status Gestural_Automotor_Status gestur automotor status gestural automotor status Gestural_Automotor_Status ESSO:Gestures Gestures gestur gestures Gestures ESSO:Good_Mood Good_Mood good mood Good_Mood ESSO:Gowers_Classification Gowers_Classification gower classif gowers classification Gowers_Classification ESSO:Gradual_Onset Gradual_Onset gradual onset Gradual_Onset ESSO:Grand_Mal_Seizure Grand_Mal_Seizure Blume 2001 1.1.3 Tonic-Clonic: A sequenc consist of a tonic follow by a clonic phase. Variant such as clonic-tonic-clon may be seen. 1.1.3.1 Gener Tonic-Clon Seizure: Noun: Bilater symmetr tonic contract and then bilater clonic contract of somat muscles, usual associ with autonom phenomena. blume 2001 1.1.3 tonic-clonic: a sequence consisting of a tonic followed by a clonic phase. variants such as clonic-tonic-clonic may be seen. 1.1.3.1 generalized tonic-clonic seizure: noun: bilateral symmetric tonic contraction and then bilateral clonic contractions of somatic muscles, usually associated with autonomic phenomena. grand mal seizur grand mal seizure Grand_Mal_Seizure ESSO:Grand_Mal_Status Grand_Mal_Status grand mal status Grand_Mal_Status ESSO:Gross_Motor_Disability Gross_Motor_Disability gross motor disability gross motor disabl Gross_Motor_Disability ESSO:Grunting Grunting Bancaud 1981 If spoken to, the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voic and then touch or tickl may rub the site. bancaud 1981 if spoken to, the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voice and then touched or tickled may rub the site. grunt grunting Grunting ESSO:Gustatory_Hallucination Gustatory_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Pleasant or odious tast hallucin vari in elabor from crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophist and are frequent describ as \"metallic.\" Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 pleasant or odious taste hallucinations varying in elaboration from crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophisticated and are frequently described as \"metallic.\" blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. gustatori hallucin gustatory hallucination Gustatory_Hallucination ESSO:Gustatory_Illusion Gustatory_Illusion Bancaud 1981 Pleasant or odious tast hallucin vari in elabor from crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophist and are frequent describ as \"metallic.\" Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 pleasant or odious taste hallucinations varying in elaboration from crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophisticated and are frequently described as \"metallic.\" blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. gustatori illus gustatory illusion Gustatory_Illusion ESSO:Gustatory_Sensation Gustatory_Sensation Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. gustatori sensat gustatory sensation Gustatory_Sensation ESSO:Gustatory_Sensation_Abnormal Gustatory_Sensation_Abnormal Bancaud 1981 Gustatori Symptom Gustatori Sensat Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 gustatory symptom gustatory sensation blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. gustatori sensat abnorm gustatory sensation abnormal Gustatory_Sensation_Abnormal ESSO:Gustatory_Sensation_Normal Gustatory_Sensation_Normal Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. gustatori sensat normal gustatory sensation normal Gustatory_Sensation_Normal ESSO:HCN1_Gene HCN1_Gene h c n1 gene HCN1_Gene ESSO:Hallucinatory Hallucinatory Bancaud 1981 Structur hallucinations: Hallucin may occur as manifest or percept without a correspond extern stimulus and may affect somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, or gustatori senses. If the seizur aris from the primari recept area, the hallucin would tend to be rather primitive. In the case of vision, flash light may be seen; in the case of auditori perception, rush nois may occur. With more elebor seizur involv visual or auditori associ area with particip of mobil memori traces, form hallucin occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. The charact of these percpet may be normal or distorted. Blume 2001 Hallucinatory: A creation of composit percept without correspond extern stimuli involv visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatori phenomena. Example: “hearing” and “seeing” peopl talking. bancaud 1981 structured hallucinations: hallucinations may occur as manifestations or perceptions without a corresponding external stimulus and may affect somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, or gustatory senses. if the seizure arises from the primary receptive area, the hallucination would tend to be rather primitive. in the case of vision, flashing lights may be seen; in the case of auditory perception, rushing noises may occur. with more eleborate seizures involving visual or auditory association areas with participation of mobilized memory traces, formed hallucinations occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. the character of these percpetions may be normal or distorted. blume 2001 hallucinatory: a creation of composite perceptions without corresponding external stimuli involving visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatory phenomena. example: “hearing” and “seeing” people talking. hallucinatori hallucinatory Hallucinatory ESSO:Handedness Handedness RY: Okay famili …yeah, we got that. So, everytim it talk about right versus left hand what doe that mean to you as a neurologist? In term of the diagnosi of epilepsies? JB: Handedness? Or, … RY: yeah, right handed, left-hand ambidextrous. JB: It has two implications. First is with regard to a languag and hemispher dominance. If someon is right-handed, they have a 98% chanc or higher of languag be on the left. And so it is there. RY: But, if it’ on the left side, it is 50-50 right? Or has that changed? JB: What do you mean? RY: Mean if you are left handed, it’ equally… JB: It’s pretti close to that it is about 60/40. But… RY: Got it. JB: But there’ two other issues, one is if someon hasn’t develop handed that suggest patholog in both hemispheres. And if someon develop handed too early, so if the stori is my three-year-old child has been right-hand sinc he start play with a rattl at three month of age, that’ abnorm and what that say is their right hand left hemispher dominant. The onli way that can happen is f there is right hemispher damange. RY: Okay and is there a threshold time cut off for that? JB: You usual think about a year. handed handedness ry: okay family …yeah, we got that. so, everytime it talks about right versus left handed what does that mean to you as a neurologist? in terms of the diagnosis of epilepsies? jb: handedness? or, … ry: yeah, right handed, left-handed ambidextrous. jb: it has two implications. first is with regard to a language and hemispheric dominance. if someone is right-handed, they have a 98% chance or higher of language being on the left. and so it is there. ry: but, if it’s on the left side, it is 50-50 right? or has that changed? jb: what do you mean? ry: meaning if you are left handed, it’s equally… jb: it’s pretty close to that it is about 60/40. but… ry: got it. jb: but there’s two other issues, one is if someone hasn’t developed handedness that suggests pathology in both hemispheres. and if someone develops handedness too early, so if the story is my three-year-old child has been right-handed since he started playing with a rattle at three months of age, that’s abnormal and what that says is their right hand left hemisphere dominant. the only way that can happen is f there is right hemispheric damange. ry: okay and is there a threshold time cut off for that? jb: you usually think about a year. Handedness ESSO:Head_Circumference Head_Circumference head circumfer head circumference Head_Circumference ESSO:Head_Injury Head_Injury head injuri head injury Head_Injury ESSO:Head_Part Head_Part head part Head_Part ESSO:Hearing Hearing hear hearing Hearing ESSO:Heart_Rate Heart_Rate heart rate Heart_Rate ESSO:Heautoscopy Heautoscopy heautoscopi heautoscopy Heautoscopy ESSO:Height Height height Height ESSO:Hemi Hemi Blume 2001 Hemi: A prefix to other descriptor (e.g., hemiclonic). blume 2001 hemi: a prefix to other descriptors (e.g., hemiclonic). hemi Hemi ESSO:Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy ILAE 2010 Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsi hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia- epilepsi hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia- epilepsy ilae 2010 hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia-Epilepsy ESSO:Hemilateral_Semiology Hemilateral_Semiology hemilater semiolog hemilateral semiology Hemilateral_Semiology ESSO:Herpes_Encephalitis Herpes_Encephalitis Engel 2001 Herp enceph engel 2001 herpes encephalitis herp enceph herpes encephalitis Herpes_Encephalitis ESSO:Heterotopia Heterotopia heterotopia Heterotopia ESSO:Hidden_Terms Hidden_Terms hidden term hidden terms Hidden_Terms ESSO:High_Occurrence High_Occurrence high occurr high occurrence High_Occurrence ESSO:High_Voltage High_Voltage high voltag high voltage High_Voltage ESSO:Hip Hip Hip ESSO:Histology Histology histolog histology Histology ESSO:History History Buchhalter: has to do with reliabl (histori of observer) buchhalter: has to do with reliability (history of observer) histori history History ESSO:Holter_Monitor Holter_Monitor Luder 1998 holter monitor luders 1998 Holter_Monitor ESSO:Horizontal_Deviation_of_the_Eyes Horizontal_Deviation_of_the_Eyes horizont deviat of the eye horizontal deviation of the eyes Horizontal_Deviation_of_the_Eyes ESSO:Horizontal_Occular_Oscillation Horizontal_Occular_Oscillation horizont occular oscil horizontal occular oscillation Horizontal_Occular_Oscillation ESSO:Hot_Flashes Hot_Flashes hot flash hot flashes Hot_Flashes ESSO:Hot_Water Hot_Water engel 2001 hot water hot water Hot_Water ESSO:Hunger Hunger hunger Hunger ESSO:Hyperkinetic_Automotor_Seizure Hyperkinetic_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Hyperkinetic: Involv predomin proxim limb or axial muscl produc irregular sequenti ballist movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rock movements. Increas in rate of ongo movement or inappropri rapid perform of a movement. blume 2001 hyperkinetic: involves predominantly proximal limb or axial muscles producing irregular sequential ballistic movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rocking movements. increase in rate of ongoing movements or inappropriately rapid performance of a movement. hyperkinet automotor seizur hyperkinetic automotor seizure Hyperkinetic_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Hyperkinetic_Automotor_Status Hyperkinetic_Automotor_Status hyperkinet automotor status hyperkinetic automotor status Hyperkinetic_Automotor_Status ESSO:Hypermelanosis_of_Ito Hypermelanosis_of_Ito d0000582 hypermelanosi of ito hypermelanosis of ito Hypermelanosis_of_Ito ESSO:Hypertension_Sign Hypertension_Sign Bancaud 1981 Hypertens bancaud 1981 hypertension hypertens sign hypertension sign Hypertension_Sign ESSO:Hyperventilation_Activation_Procedure Hyperventilation_Activation_Procedure Noachter 1999 Hyperventilation: Deep and regular respir perform for a period of sever minutes. Used as activ procedure. Synonym: overbreath (see activation). hyperventil activ procedur hyperventilation activation procedure noachter 1999 hyperventilation: deep and regular respiration performed for a period of several minutes. used as activation procedure. synonym: overbreathing (see activation). Hyperventilation_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Hypnosis Hypnosis hypnosi hypnosis Hypnosis ESSO:Hypokinetic_Automotor_Seizure Hypokinetic_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Hypokinetic: A decreas in amplitud and/or rate or arrest of ongo motor activity. blume 2001 hypokinetic: a decrease in amplitude and/or rate or arrest of ongoing motor activity. hypokinet automotor seizur hypokinetic automotor seizure Hypokinetic_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Hypokinetic_Automotor_Status Hypokinetic_Automotor_Status hypokinet automotor status hypokinetic automotor status Hypokinetic_Automotor_Status ESSO:Hypomelanosis_of_Ito Hypomelanosis_of_Ito Engel 2001 Hypermelanosi of Ito engel 2001 hypermelanosis of ito hypomelanosi of ito hypomelanosis of ito Hypomelanosis_of_Ito ESSO:Hypometabolism Hypometabolism hypometabol hypometabolism Hypometabolism ESSO:Hypotension_Sign Hypotension_Sign hypotens sign hypotension sign Hypotension_Sign ESSO:Hypothalamus Hypothalamus Trancr 2005 The Hypothalamus is involv in the mainten of homeostasis, the regul of feeding, drinking, and sexual activity, circadian rhythm and emot expression. Structures: Arcuat Nucleus Diencephalon Hypophysi Hypothalam Sulcus Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - Connect Hypothalamus - Nuclei Lamina Terminali Mammillari Bodi Neurohypophysi Optic Tract Supraopt Nucleus Thalamus Third Ventricl Information: The hypothalamus is a small region (approxim 4g in weight) which occupi the ventral part of the diencephalon, separ from the thalamus by the hypothalam sulcus. Its import is disproportion in comparison with it small size. Its function are associ with the mainten of homeostasi and with the surviv of the speci (eg. feeding, drinking, reproduction). The hypothalamus surround the floor and lower later side of the third ventricle. It extend anterior as far as the lamina terminali and caudal to the posterior edg of the mammillari bodies. It can be seen on the ventral surfac of the brain behind the optic chiasm and medial to the optic tracts. The region bound by the optic chiasm and tract and the mammillari bodi is known as the tuber cinereum. The median eminence, a swell in the anterior part of the tuber cinereum just behind the optic tract give rise to the infundibular stem (infundibulum) which expand to form the infundibular process. Togeth the median emin and the infundibular stem and process are call the neurohypophysis. The neurohypophysi constitut the posterior part of the hypophysi (also known as the pituitari gland). The fornix pass through the hypothalamus in an anteroposterior direct toward the mammillari bodi and in so-doing, divid the hypothalamus into medial and later parts. The later part contain fibr tract pass through plus some poor defin nuclei which are collect refer to as the later nuclei. The medial part can be further subdivid into 4 regions: (i) Preoptic region - anterior to the optic chiasm, adjac to lamina terminalis. coantain the preoptic nucleus (ii) Suprachiasmat region - dorsal to the optic chiasm. Contain supraoptic,suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and anterior nuclei. (iii) Tuber region - dorsal to the tuber cinereum. Contain the arcuate, dorsomedian and ventromedian nuclei. (iv) Posterior (mammillary) region - contain the posterior nucleus and the mammillari body. hypothalamus trancred 2005 the hypothalamus is involved in the maintenance of homeostasis, the regulation of feeding, drinking, and sexual activity, circadian rhythms and emotional expression. structures: arcuate nucleus diencephalon hypophysis hypothalamic sulcus hypothalamus hypothalamus - connections hypothalamus - nuclei lamina terminalis mammillary body neurohypophysis optic tract supraoptic nucleus thalamus third ventricle information: the hypothalamus is a small region (approximately 4g in weight) which occupies the ventral part of the diencephalon, separated from the thalamus by the hypothalamic sulcus. its importance is disproportionate in comparison with its small size. its functions are associated with the maintenance of homeostasis and with the survival of the species (eg. feeding, drinking, reproduction). the hypothalamus surrounds the floor and lower lateral sides of the third ventricle. it extends anteriorly as far as the lamina terminalis and caudally to the posterior edge of the mammillary bodies. it can be seen on the ventral surface of the brain behind the optic chiasm and medial to the optic tracts. the region bounded by the optic chiasm and tracts and the mammillary bodies is known as the tuber cinereum. the median eminence, a swelling in the anterior part of the tuber cinereum just behind the optic tracts gives rise to the infundibular stem (infundibulum) which expands to form the infundibular process. together the median eminence and the infundibular stem and process are called the neurohypophysis. the neurohypophysis constitutes the posterior part of the hypophysis (also known as the pituitary gland). the fornix passes through the hypothalamus in an anteroposterior direction towards the mammillary body and in so-doing, divides the hypothalamus into medial and lateral parts. the lateral part contains fibre tracts passing through plus some poorly defined nuclei which are collectively referred to as the lateral nuclei. the medial part can be further subdivided into 4 regions: (i) preoptic region - anterior to the optic chiasm, adjacent to lamina terminalis. coantains the preoptic nucleus (ii) suprachiasmatic region - dorsal to the optic chiasm. contains supraoptic,suprachiasmatic, paraventricular and anterior nuclei. (iii) tuberal region - dorsal to the tuber cinereum. contains the arcuate, dorsomedian and ventromedian nuclei. (iv) posterior (mammillary) region - contains the posterior nucleus and the mammillary body. Hypothalamus ESSO:Hysteroid Hysteroid hysteroid Hysteroid ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.0_Partial_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.0_Partial_Seizures Bancaud 1981 I. Partial (Focal, Local) Seizur Partial seizur are those in which, in general, the first clinic and electroencephalograph chang indic initi activ of a system of neuron limit to part of one cerebr hemisphere. A partial seizur is classifi primarili on the basi of whether or not conscious is impair dure the attack. When conscious is not impaired, the seizur is classifi as a simpl partial seizure. When conscious is impaired, the seizur is classifi as a complex partial seizure. Impairment of conscious may be the first clinic sign, or simpl partial seizur may evolv into complex partial seizures. In patient with impair consciousness, aberr of behavior (automatisms) may occur. A partial seizur may not terminate, but instead progress to a general motor seizure. Impair conscious is defin as the inabl to respond normal to exogen stimuli by virtu of alter awar and/or respons (vide infra: Definit of Terms). There is consider evid that simpl partial seizur usual have unilater hemispher involv and onli rare have bilater hemispher involvement; complex partial seizures, however, frequent have bilater hemispher involvement. Partial seizur can be classifi into one of the follow three fundament groups: A. Simpl partial seizur B. Complex partial seizur 
 1. With impair of conscious at onset 
 2. Simpl partial onset follow by impair of conscious C. Partial seizur evolv to general tonic-clon convuls (GTC) 
 1. Simpl evolv to GTC
 2. Complex evolv to GTC (includ those with simpl partial onset) Partial Seizur The fundament distinct between simpl partial seizur and complex partial, seizur is the presenc or the impair of the fulli conscious state. Conscious has been defin as “that integr activ by which Man grasp the total of his phenomen field” (Evans, 1972) and incorpor it into his experience. It correspond to “Bewusstsein” and is thus much more than “Vigilance,” for were it onli vigil (which is a degre of clarity) then onli confusion state would be repres of disord consciousness. Operat in the context of this classification, conscious refer to the degre of awar and/or respons of the patient to extern appli stimuli. Respons refer to the abil of the patient to carri out simpl command or will movement and awar refer to the patient’ contact with event dure the period in question and it recall. A person awar and unrespons will be abl to recount the event that occur dure an attack and his inabl to respond by movement or speech. In this context, unrespons is other than the result of paralysis, aphasia or apraxia. bancaud 1981 i. partial (focal, local) seizures partial seizures are those in which, in general, the first clinical and electroencephalographic changes indicate initial activation of a system of neurons limited to part of one cerebral hemisphere. a partial seizure is classified primarily on the basis of whether or not consciousness is impaired during the attack. when consciousness is not impaired, the seizure is classified as a simple partial seizure. when consciousness is impaired, the seizure is classified as a complex partial seizure. impairment of consciousness may be the first clinical sign, or simple partial seizures may evolve into complex partial seizures. in patients with impaired consciousness, aberrations of behavior (automatisms) may occur. a partial seizure may not terminate, but instead progress to a generalized motor seizure. impaired consciousness is defined as the inability to respond normally to exogenous stimuli by virtue of altered awareness and/or responsiveness (vide infra: definition of terms). there is considerable evidence that simple partial seizures usually have unilateral hemispheric involvement and only rarely have bilateral hemispheric involvement; complex partial seizures, however, frequently have bilateral hemispheric involvement. partial seizures can be classified into one of the following three fundamental groups: a. simple partial seizures b. complex partial seizures 
 1. with impairment of consciousness at onset 
 2. simple partial onset followed by impairment of consciousness c. partial seizures evolving to generalized tonic-clonic convulsions (gtc) 
 1. simple evolving to gtc
 2. complex evolving to gtc (including those with simple partial onset) partial seizures the fundamental distinction between simple partial seizures and complex partial, seizures is the presence or the impairment of the fully conscious state. consciousness has been defined as “that integrating activity by which man grasps the totality of his phenomenal field” (evans, 1972) and incorporates it into his experience. it corresponds to “bewusstsein” and is thus much more than “vigilance,” for were it only vigilance (which is a degree of clarity) then only confusional states would be representative of disordered consciousness. operationally in the context of this classification, consciousness refers to the degree of awareness and/or responsiveness of the patient to externally applied stimuli. responsiveness refers to the ability of the patient to carry out simple commands or willed movement and awareness refers to the patient’s contact with events during the period in question and its recall. a person aware and unresponsive will be able to recount the events that occurred during an attack and his inability to respond by movement or speech. in this context, unresponsiveness is other than the result of paralysis, aphasia or apraxia. i l a e 1981 1.0 partial seizur i l a e 1981 1.0 partial seizures ILAE_1981_1.0_Partial_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.1.1_Focal_Motor_Without_March ILAE_1981_1.1.1.1_Focal_Motor_Without_March Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.1.1 focal motor without march ILAE_1981_1.1.1.1_Focal_Motor_Without_March ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.1.2_Focal_Motor_With_March ILAE_1981_1.1.1.2_Focal_Motor_With_March Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.1.2 focal motor with march ILAE_1981_1.1.1.2_Focal_Motor_With_March ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.1.3_Versive ILAE_1981_1.1.1.3_Versive Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.1.3 versiv i l a e 1981 1.1.1.3 versive ILAE_1981_1.1.1.3_Versive ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.1.4_Postural ILAE_1981_1.1.1.4_Postural Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.1.4 postur i l a e 1981 1.1.1.4 postural ILAE_1981_1.1.1.4_Postural ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.1.5_Phonatory ILAE_1981_1.1.1.5_Phonatory Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.1.5 phonatori i l a e 1981 1.1.1.5 phonatory ILAE_1981_1.1.1.5_Phonatory ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Motor_Signs ILAE_1981_1.1.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Motor_Signs Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 1. With motor signs. Ani portion of the bodi may be involv in focal seizur activ depend on the site of origin of the attack in the motor strip. Focal motor seizur may remain strict focal or they may spread to contigu cortic area produc a sequenti involv of bodi part in an epilept “march.” The seizur is then known as a Jacksonian seizure. Conscious is usual preserved; however, the discharg may spread to those structur whose particip is like to result in loss of conscious and general convuls movements. Other focal motor attack may be versiv with head turn to one side, usual contravers to the discharge. If speech is involved, this is either in the form of speech arrest or occasion vocalization. Occasion a partial dysphasia is seen in the form of epilept pallilalia with involuntari repetit of a syllabl or phrase. Follow focal seizur activity, there may be a local paralysi in the previous involv region. This is known as Todd’ paralysi and may last from minut to hours. When focal motor seizur activ is continu it is known as epilepsia partiali continua. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 1. with motor signs. any portion of the body may be involved in focal seizure activity depending on the site of origin of the attack in the motor strip. focal motor seizures may remain strictly focal or they may spread to contiguous cortical areas producing a sequential involvement of body parts in an epileptic “march.” the seizure is then known as a jacksonian seizure. consciousness is usually preserved; however, the discharge may spread to those structures whose participation is likely to result in loss of consciousness and generalized convulsive movements. other focal motor attacks may be versive with head turning to one side, usually contraversive to the discharge. if speech is involved, this is either in the form of speech arrest or occasionally vocalization. occasionally a partial dysphasia is seen in the form of epileptic pallilalia with involuntary repetition of a syllable or phrase. following focal seizure activity, there may be a localized paralysis in the previously involved region. this is known as todd’s paralysis and may last from minutes to hours. when focal motor seizure activity is continuous it is known as epilepsia partialis continua. i l a e 1981 1.1.1 simpl partial seizur with motor sign i l a e 1981 1.1.1 simple partial seizures with motor signs ILAE_1981_1.1.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Motor_Signs ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2.1_Somatosensory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.1_Somatosensory Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.2.1 somatosensori i l a e 1981 1.1.2.1 somatosensory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.1_Somatosensory ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2.2_Visual ILAE_1981_1.1.2.2_Visual Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.2.2 visual ILAE_1981_1.1.2.2_Visual ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2.3_Auditory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.3_Auditory Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.2.3 auditori i l a e 1981 1.1.2.3 auditory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.3_Auditory ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2.4_Olfactory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.4_Olfactory Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.2.4 olfactori i l a e 1981 1.1.2.4 olfactory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.4_Olfactory ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2.5_Gustatory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.5_Gustatory Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.2.5 gustatori i l a e 1981 1.1.2.5 gustatory ILAE_1981_1.1.2.5_Gustatory ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2.6_Vertiginous ILAE_1981_1.1.2.6_Vertiginous Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1.2.6 vertigin i l a e 1981 1.1.2.6 vertiginous ILAE_1981_1.1.2.6_Vertiginous ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.2_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Somatosensory_or_Special-Sensory_Symptoms ILAE_1981_1.1.2_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Somatosensory_or_Special-Sensory_Symptoms Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 2. Seizur with autonom symptom such as vomiting, pallor, flushing, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilatation, boborygmi, and incontin may occur as simpl partial seizures. 3. With somatosensori or special sensori symptoms. Somatosensori seizur aris from those area of cortex subserv sensori function, and they are usual describ as pins-and-needl or a feel of numbness. Occasion a disord of propriocept or spatial percept occurs. Like motor seizures, somatosensori seizur also may march and also may spread at ani time to becom complex partial or general tonic-clon seizur as in A.1. Special sensori seizur includ visual seizur vari in elabor and depend on whether the primari or associ area are involved, from flash light to structur visual hallucinatori phenomena, includ persons, scenes, etc. (see A.4.f.). Like visual seizures, auditori seizur may also run the gamut from crude auditori sensat to such high integr function as music (see A.4.f.). olfactori sensations, usual in the form of unpleas odors, may occur. Gustatori sensat may be pleasant or odious tast hallucinations. They vari in elabor from crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophisticated. They are frequent describ as “metallic.” Vertigin symptom includ sensat of fall in space, floating, as well as totatori vertigo in a horizont or vertic plane. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 2. seizures with autonomic symptoms such as vomiting, pallor, flushing, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilatation, boborygmi, and incontinence may occur as simple partial seizures. 3. with somatosensory or special sensory symptoms. somatosensory seizures arise from those areas of cortex subserving sensory function, and they are usually described as pins-and-needles or a feeling of numbness. occasionally a disorder of proprioception or spatial perception occurs. like motor seizures, somatosensory seizures also may march and also may spread at any time to become complex partial or generalized tonic-clonic seizures as in a.1. special sensory seizures include visual seizures varying in elaborateness and depending on whether the primary or association areas are involved, from flashing lights to structured visual hallucinatory phenomena, including persons, scenes, etc. (see a.4.f.). like visual seizures, auditory seizures may also run the gamut from crude auditory sensations to such highly integrated functions as music (see a.4.f.). olfactory sensations, usually in the form of unpleasant odors, may occur. gustatory sensations may be pleasant or odious taste hallucinations. they vary in elaboration from crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophisticated. they are frequently described as “metallic.” vertiginous symptoms include sensations of falling in space, floating, as well as totatory vertigo in a horizontal or vertical plane. i l a e 1981 1.1.2 simpl partial seizur with somatosensori or special- sensori symptom i l a e 1981 1.1.2 simple partial seizures with somatosensory or special- sensory symptoms ILAE_1981_1.1.2_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Somatosensory_or_Special-Sensory_Symptoms ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.3_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Autonomic_Symptoms_or_Signs ILAE_1981_1.1.3_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Autonomic_Symptoms_or_Signs Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 2. Seizur with autonom symptom such as vomiting, pallor, flushing, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilatation, boborygmi, and incontin may occur as simpl partial seizures. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 2. seizures with autonomic symptoms such as vomiting, pallor, flushing, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilatation, boborygmi, and incontinence may occur as simple partial seizures. i l a e 1981 1.1.3 simpl partial seizur with autonom symptom or sign i l a e 1981 1.1.3 simple partial seizures with autonomic symptoms or signs ILAE_1981_1.1.3_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Autonomic_Symptoms_or_Signs ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4.1_Dysphasic ILAE_1981_1.1.4.1_Dysphasic Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4a: Dysphasia. This was refer to earlier. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4a: dysphasia. this was referred to earlier. i l a e 1981 1.1.4.1 dysphas i l a e 1981 1.1.4.1 dysphasic ILAE_1981_1.1.4.1_Dysphasic ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4.2_Dysmnesic ILAE_1981_1.1.4.2_Dysmnesic Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4b. Dysmnes symptoms. A distort memori experi such as distort of the time sense, a dreami state, a flashback, or a sensat as if a naiv experi had been experienc before, known as deja vu, or as if a previous experienc sensat had not been experienced, known as jamais-vu, may occur. When this refer to auditori experi these are known as deja-entendu or jamais-entendu. Occasion as a form of forc thinking, the patient may experi a rapid recollect of episod from his past life, known as panoram vision. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4b. dysmnesic symptoms. a distorted memory experience such as distortion of the time sense, a dreamy state, a flashback, or a sensation as if a naive experience had been experienced before, known as deja vu, or as if a previously experienced sensation had not been experienced, known as jamais-vu, may occur. when this refers to auditory experiences these are known as deja-entendu or jamais-entendu. occasionally as a form of forced thinking, the patient may experience a rapid recollection of episodes from his past life, known as panoramic vision. i l a e 1981 1.1.4.2 dysmnes i l a e 1981 1.1.4.2 dysmnesic ILAE_1981_1.1.4.2_Dysmnesic ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4.3_Cognitive ILAE_1981_1.1.4.3_Cognitive Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4c. Cognit disturb may be experienced. These includ dreami states; distort of the time sense; sensat of unreality, detachment, or depersonalization. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4c. cognitive disturbances may be experienced. these include dreamy states; distortions of the time sense; sensations of unreality, detachment, or depersonalization. i l a e 1981 1.1.4.3 cognit i l a e 1981 1.1.4.3 cognitive ILAE_1981_1.1.4.3_Cognitive ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4.4_Affective ILAE_1981_1.1.4.4_Affective Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4d. With affect symptomatology. Sensat of extrem pleasur or displeasure, as well as fear and intens depress with feel of unworthi and reject may be experienc dure seizures. Unlike those of psychiatr induc depression, these symptom tend to come in attack last for a few minutes. Anger or rage is occasion experienced, but unlik temper tantrums, epilept anger is appar unprovoked, and abat rapidly. Fear or terror is the most frequent symptom; it is sudden in onset, usual unprovoked, and may lead to run away. Associat with the terror, there are frequent object sign of autonom activity, includ pupil dilatation, pallor, flushing, piloerection, palpitation, and hypertension. Epilept or gelast seizur laughter should not, strict speaking, be class as an affect symptom becaus the laughter is usual without affect and hollow. Like other form of patholog laughter it is often unassoci with true mirth. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4d. with affective symptomatology. sensation of extreme pleasure or displeasure, as well as fear and intense depression with feelings of unworthiness and rejection may be experienced during seizures. unlike those of psychiatrically induced depression, these symptoms tend to come in attacks lasting for a few minutes. anger or rage is occasionally experienced, but unlike temper tantrums, epileptic anger is apparently unprovoked, and abates rapidly. fear or terror is the most frequent symptom; it is sudden in onset, usually unprovoked, and may lead to running away. associated with the terror, there are frequently objective signs of autonomic activity, including pupil dilatation, pallor, flushing, piloerection, palpitation, and hypertension. epileptic or gelastic seizure laughter should not, strictly speaking, be classed as an affective symptom because the laughter is usually without affect and hollow. like other forms of pathological laughter it is often unassociated with true mirth. i l a e 1981 1.1.4.4 affect i l a e 1981 1.1.4.4 affective ILAE_1981_1.1.4.4_Affective ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4.5_Illusions ILAE_1981_1.1.4.5_Illusions Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4e. Illusions. These take the form of distort percept in which object may
appear deformed. Polyopt illusions
such as monocular diplopia, distortions
of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4e. illusions. these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may
appear deformed. polyoptic illusions
such as monocular diplopia, distortions
of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. i l a e 1981 1.1.4.5 illus i l a e 1981 1.1.4.5 illusions ILAE_1981_1.1.4.5_Illusions ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4.6_Structured_Hallucinations ILAE_1981_1.1.4.6_Structured_Hallucinations Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4f. Structur hallucinations. Hallucin may occur as manifest or percept without a correspond extern stimulus and may affect somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, or gustatori senses. If the seizur aris from the primari recept area, the hallucin would tend to be rather primitive. In the case of vision, flash light may be seen; in the case of auditori perception, rush nois may occur. With more elabor seizur involv visual or auditori associ area with particip of mobil memori traces, form hallucin occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. The charact of these percept may be normal or distorted. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4f. structured hallucinations. hallucinations may occur as manifestations or perceptions without a corresponding external stimulus and may affect somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, or gustatory senses. if the seizure arises from the primary receptive area, the hallucination would tend to be rather primitive. in the case of vision, flashing lights may be seen; in the case of auditory perception, rushing noises may occur. with more elaborate seizures involving visual or auditory association areas with participation of mobilized memory traces, formed hallucinations occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. the character of these perceptions may be normal or distorted. i l a e 1981 1.1.4.6 structur hallucin i l a e 1981 1.1.4.6 structured hallucinations ILAE_1981_1.1.4.6_Structured_Hallucinations ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1.4_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Psychic_Symptoms ILAE_1981_1.1.4_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Psychic_Symptoms Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg 4. With psychic symptom (disturb of higher cerebr function). These usual occur with impair of conscious (i.e., complex partial seizures). bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge 4. with psychic symptoms (disturbance of higher cerebral function). these usually occur with impairment of consciousness (i.e., complex partial seizures). i l a e 1981 1.1.4 simpl partial seizur with psychic symptom i l a e 1981 1.1.4 simple partial seizures with psychic symptoms ILAE_1981_1.1.4_Simple_Partial_Seizures_With_Psychic_Symptoms ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: A. Simpl partial seizur (conscious not impaired) EEG seizur type: Local contrarater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. simple partial seizures (consciousness not impaired) eeg seizure type: local contrarateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge i l a e 1981 1.1 simpl partial seizur i l a e 1981 1.1 simple partial seizures ILAE_1981_1.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2.1.1_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_Of_Consciousness_With_Simple_Partial_Features_Followed_By_Impaired_Consciousness ILAE_1981_1.2.1.1_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_Of_Consciousness_With_Simple_Partial_Features_Followed_By_Impaired_Consciousness Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions i l a e 1981 1.2.1.1 simpl partial onset follow by impair of conscious with simpl partial featur follow by impair conscious i l a e 1981 1.2.1.1 simple partial onset followed by impairment of consciousness with simple partial features followed by impaired consciousness ILAE_1981_1.2.1.1_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_Of_Consciousness_With_Simple_Partial_Features_Followed_By_Impaired_Consciousness ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2.1.2_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_of_Consciousness_With_Automatisms ILAE_1981_1.2.1.2_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_of_Consciousness_With_Automatisms Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions i l a e 1981 1.2.1.2 simpl partial onset follow by impair of conscious with automat i l a e 1981 1.2.1.2 simple partial onset followed by impairment of consciousness with automatisms ILAE_1981_1.2.1.2_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_of_Consciousness_With_Automatisms ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2.1_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_of_Consciousness ILAE_1981_1.2.1_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_of_Consciousness Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions i l a e 1981 1.2.1 simpl partial onset follow by impair of conscious i l a e 1981 1.2.1 simple partial onset followed by impairment of consciousness ILAE_1981_1.2.1_Simple_Partial_Onset_Followed_By_Impairment_of_Consciousness ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2.2.1_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_Only ILAE_1981_1.2.2.1_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_Only Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions i l a e 1981 1.2.2.1 with impair of conscious onli i l a e 1981 1.2.2.1 with impairment of consciousness only ILAE_1981_1.2.2.1_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_Only ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2.2.2_With_Automatisms ILAE_1981_1.2.2.2_With_Automatisms Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions i l a e 1981 1.2.2.2 with automat i l a e 1981 1.2.2.2 with automatisms ILAE_1981_1.2.2.2_With_Automatisms ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2.2_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_at_Onset ILAE_1981_1.2.2_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_at_Onset Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions i l a e 1981 1.2.2 with impair of conscious at onset i l a e 1981 1.2.2 with impairment of consciousness at onset ILAE_1981_1.2.2_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_at_Onset ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.2_Complex_Partial_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.2_Complex_Partial_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: B. Complex partial seizur (with impair of consciousness; may sometim begin with simpl symptomatology) EEG seizur type: Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor region EEG interict expression: Local contralater discharg Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal region B. Seizur with Complex Symptomatolog Automatisms. (These may occur in both partial and general seizures. They are describ in detail here for convenience.) In the Dictionari of Epilepsi (Gastaut,1973), automat are describ as “more or less coordin adapt (eupract or dyspractic) involuntari motor activ occur dure the state of cloud of conscious either in the cours of, or after an epilept seizure, and usual follow by amnesia for the event. The automat may be simpli a continu of an activ that was go on when the seizur occurred, or, conversely, a new activ develop in associ with the ictal impair of consciousness. Usually, the activ is commonplac in nature, often provok by the subject’ environment, or by his sensat dure the seizure; exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior is seen. From a symptomatolog point of view the follow are distinguished: a) eat automat (chewing, swallowing); b) automat of mimicry, express the subject’ emot state (usual of fear) dure the seizure; c) gestur automatisms, crude or elaborate; direct toward either the subject or his environment; d) ambulatori automatisms; e) verbal automatisms.” lctal epilept automat usual repres the releas of automat behavior under the influenc of cloud of conscious that accompani a general or partial epilept seizur (confusion automatisms). They may occur in complex partial seizur as well as in absenc seizures. Postict epilept automat may follow ani sever epilept seizure, especi a tonic-clon one, and are usual associ with confusion. While some regard masticatori or oropharyng automat as aris from the amygdala or insular and opercular regions, these movement are occasion seen in the general epilepsies, particular absenc seizures, and are not of local help. The same is true of mimicri and gestur automatisms. In the latter, fumbl of the clothes, scratching, and other complex motor activ may occur both in complex partial and absenc seizures. Ictal speech automat are occasion encountered. Ambulatori seizur again may occur either as prolong automat of absence, particular prolong absenc continuing, or of complex partial seizures. In the latter, a patient may occasion continu to drive a car, although may contraven traffic light regulations. There seem to be littl doubt that automat are a common featur of differ type of epilepsy. While they do not lend themselv to simpl anatom interpretation, they appear to have in common a discharg involv various area of the limbic system. Crude and elabor automat do occur in patient with absenc as well as complex partial seizures. Of greater signific is the precis descript histori of the seizures, the age of the patient, the presenc or absenc of an aura and of postict behavior includ the presenc or absenc of confusion. The EEG is of cardin localiz import here. Drowsi or somnol impli a sleep state from which the patient can be arous to make appropri motor and verbal responses. In stupor, the patient may make some spontan movement and can be arous by pain or other vigor appli stimuli to make avoid movements. The patient in confus make inappropri respons to his environ and is disori as regard place or time or person. Aura. A frequent use term in the descript of epilept seizur is aura. Accord to the Dictionari of Epilepsy, this term was introduc by Galen to describ the sensat of a breath of air felt by some subject prior to the onset of a seizure. Other have refer to the aura as the portion of a seizur experienc befor loss of conscious occurs. This loss of conscious may be the result of secondari general of the seizur discharg or of alter of conscious impart by the develop of a complex partial seizure. The aura is that portion of the seizur which occur befor conscious is lost and for which memori is retain afterwards. It may be that, as in simpl partial seizures, the aura is the whole seizure. Where conscious is subsequ lost, the aura is, in fact, the signal symptom of a complex partial seizure. An aura is a retrospect term which is describ after the seizur is ended. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. complex partial seizures (with impairment of consciousness; may sometimes begin with simple symptomatology) eeg seizure type: unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions eeg interictal expression: local contralateral discharge unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions b. seizures with complex symptomatology automatisms. (these may occur in both partial and generalized seizures. they are described in detail here for convenience.) in the dictionary of epilepsy (gastaut,1973), automatisms are described as “more or less coordinated adapted (eupractic or dyspractic) involuntary motor activity occurring during the state of clouding of consciousness either in the course of, or after an epileptic seizure, and usually followed by amnesia for the event. the automatism may be simply a continuation of an activity that was going on when the seizure occurred, or, conversely, a new activity developed in association with the ictal impairment of consciousness. usually, the activity is commonplace in nature, often provoked by the subject’s environment, or by his sensations during the seizure; exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior is seen. from a symptomatological point of view the following are distinguished: a) eating automatisms (chewing, swallowing); b) automatism of mimicry, expressing the subject’s emotional state (usually of fear) during the seizure; c) gestural automatisms, crude or elaborate; directed toward either the subject or his environment; d) ambulatory automatisms; e) verbal automatisms.” lctal epileptic automatisms usually represent the release of automatic behavior under the influence of clouding of consciousness that accompanies a generalized or partial epileptic seizure (confusional automatisms). they may occur in complex partial seizures as well as in absence seizures. postictal epileptic automatisms may follow any severe epileptic seizure, especially a tonic-clonic one, and are usually associated with confusion. while some regard masticatory or oropharyngeal automatisms as arising from the amygdala or insular and opercular regions, these movements are occasionally seen in the generalized epilepsies, particularly absence seizures, and are not of localizing help. the same is true of mimicry and gestural automatisms. in the latter, fumbling of the clothes, scratching, and other complex motor activity may occur both in complex partial and absence seizures. ictal speech automatisms are occasionally encountered. ambulatory seizures again may occur either as prolonged automatisms of absence, particularly prolonged absence continuing, or of complex partial seizures. in the latter, a patient may occasionally continue to drive a car, although may contravene traffic light regulations. there seems to be little doubt that automatisms are a common feature of different types of epilepsy. while they do not lend themselves to simple anatomic interpretation, they appear to have in common a discharge involving various areas of the limbic system. crude and elaborate automatisms do occur in patients with absence as well as complex partial seizures. of greater significance is the precise descriptive history of the seizures, the age of the patient, the presence or absence of an aura and of postictal behavior including the presence or absence of confusion. the eeg is of cardinal localizational importance here. drowsiness or somnolence implies a sleep state from which the patient can be aroused to make appropriate motor and verbal responses. in stupor, the patient may make some spontaneous movement and can be aroused by painful or other vigorously applied stimuli to make avoidance movements. the patient in confusion makes inappropriate responses to his environment and is disoriented as regards place or time or person. aura. a frequently used term in the description of epileptic seizures is aura. according to the dictionary of epilepsy, this term was introduced by galen to describe the sensation of a breath of air felt by some subjects prior to the onset of a seizure. others have referred to the aura as the portion of a seizure experienced before loss of consciousness occurs. this loss of consciousness may be the result of secondary generalization of the seizure discharge or of alteration of consciousness imparted by the development of a complex partial seizure. the aura is that portion of the seizure which occurs before consciousness is lost and for which memory is retained afterwards. it may be that, as in simple partial seizures, the aura is the whole seizure. where consciousness is subsequently lost, the aura is, in fact, the signal symptom of a complex partial seizure. an aura is a retrospective term which is described after the seizure is ended. i l a e 1981 1.2 complex partial seizur i l a e 1981 1.2 complex partial seizures ILAE_1981_1.2_Complex_Partial_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.3.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.3.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: C. Partial seizur evolv to secondarili general seizur (This may be general tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) EEG seizur type: EEG interict expression: bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: c. partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures (this may be generalized tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) eeg seizure type: eeg interictal expression: i l a e 1981 1.3.1 simpl partial seizur evolv to general seizur i l a e 1981 1.3.1 simple partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures ILAE_1981_1.3.1_Simple_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.3.2_Complex_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.3.2_Complex_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: C. Partial seizur evolv to secondarili general seizur (This may be general tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) EEG seizur type: EEG interict expression: bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: c. partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures (this may be generalized tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) eeg seizure type: eeg interictal expression: i l a e 1981 1.3.2 complex partial seizur evolv to general seizur i l a e 1981 1.3.2 complex partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures ILAE_1981_1.3.2_Complex_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.3.3_Simple_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Complex_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.3.3_Simple_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Complex_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: C. Partial seizur evolv to secondarili general seizur (This may be general tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) EEG seizur type: EEG interict expression: bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: c. partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures (this may be generalized tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) eeg seizure type: eeg interictal expression: i l a e 1981 1.3.3 simpl partial seizur evolv to complex partial seizur evolv to general seizur i l a e 1981 1.3.3 simple partial seizures evolving to complex partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures ILAE_1981_1.3.3_Simple_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Complex_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_1.3_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures ILAE_1981_1.3_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic seizur type: C. Partial seizur evolv to secondarili general seizur (This may be general tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) EEG seizur type: EEG interict expression: bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: c. partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures (this may be generalized tonic-clonic, tonic, or clonic) eeg seizure type: eeg interictal expression: i l a e 1981 1.3 partial seizur evolv to secondarili general seizur i l a e 1981 1.3 partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures ILAE_1981_1.3_Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.0_Generalized_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.0_Generalized_Seizures II. GENERALIZED SEIZURES (CONVULSIVE OR NONCONVULSIVE) Gener seizur are those in which the first clinic chang indic initi involv of both hemi- spheres. Conscious may be impair and this impair may be the initi manifestation. Motor manifest are bilateral. The ictal electroencephalograph pattern initi are bilateral, and presum reflect neuron discharg which is widespread in both hemispheres. i l a e 1981 2.0 general seizur i l a e 1981 2.0 generalized seizures ii. generalized seizures (convulsive or nonconvulsive) generalized seizures are those in which the first clinical changes indicate initial involvement of both hemi- spheres. consciousness may be impaired and this impairment may be the initial manifestation. motor manifestations are bilateral. the ictal electroencephalographic patterns initially are bilateral, and presumably reflect neuronal discharge which is widespread in both hemispheres. ILAE_1981_2.0_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1.1_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_Only ILAE_1981_2.1.1.1_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_Only Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. A1. Absenc with impair of conscious only. The abov descript fit the descript of absenc simpl in which no other activ take place dure the attack. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. a1. absence with impairment of consciousness only. the above description fits the description of absence simple in which no other activities take place during the attack. i l a e 1981 2.1.1.1 typic absenc seizur with impair of conscious onli i l a e 1981 2.1.1.1 typical absence seizures with impairment of consciousness only ILAE_1981_2.1.1.1_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Impairment_of_Consciousness_Only ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1.2_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Mild_Clonic_Components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.2_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Mild_Clonic_Components Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. A2. Absenc with mild clonic components. Here the onset of the attack is indistinguish from the above, but clonic
mov may occur in the eyelids, at the
corn of the mouth, or in other muscle
group which may vari in sever from almost impercept movement to general myoclon jerks. Object held in the hand may be dropped. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. a2. absence with mild clonic components. here the onset of the attack is indistinguishable from the above, but clonic
movements may occur in the eyelids, at the
corner of the mouth, or in other muscle
groups which may vary in severity from almost imperceptible movements to generalized myoclonic jerks. objects held in the hand may be dropped. i l a e 1981 2.1.1.2 typic absenc seizur with mild clonic compon i l a e 1981 2.1.1.2 typical absence seizures with mild clonic components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.2_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Mild_Clonic_Components ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1.3_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Atonic_Components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.3_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Atonic_Components Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. A3. Absenc with aton components. Here there may be a diminut in tone of muscl subserv postur as well as in the limb lead to droop of the head, occasion slump of the trunk, drop of the arms, and relax of the grip. Rarely, tone is suffici diminish to caus this person to fall. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. a3. absence with atonic components. here there may be a diminution in tone of muscles subserving posture as well as in the limbs leading to drooping of the head, occasionally slumping of the trunk, dropping of the arms, and relaxation of the grip. rarely, tone is sufficiently diminished to cause this person to fall. i l a e 1981 2.1.1.3 typic absenc seizur with aton compon i l a e 1981 2.1.1.3 typical absence seizures with atonic components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.3_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Atonic_Components ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1.4_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Tonic_Components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.4_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Tonic_Components Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. A4. Absenc with tonic components. Here dure the attack tonic muscular contract may occur, lead to increas in muscl tone which may affect the extensor muscl or the flexor muscl symmetr or asymmetrically. If the patient is stand the head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch. This may lead to retropulsion. The head may tonic draw to one or anoth side. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. a4. absence with tonic components. here during the attack tonic muscular contraction may occur, leading to increase in muscle tone which may affect the extensor muscles or the flexor muscles symmetrically or asymmetrically. if the patient is standing the head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch. this may lead to retropulsion. the head may tonically draw to one or another side. i l a e 1981 2.1.1.4 typic absenc seizur with tonic compon i l a e 1981 2.1.1.4 typical absence seizures with tonic components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.4_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Tonic_Components ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1.5_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Automatisms ILAE_1981_2.1.1.5_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Automatisms Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. A5. Absenc with automatisms. (See also prior discuss on automatisms.) Purpos or quasipurpos movement occur in the absenc of awar dure an absenc attack are frequent and may rang from lip lick and swallow to cloth fumbl or aimless walking. If spoken to the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voic and when touch or tickl may rub the site. Automat are quit elabor and may consist of combin of the above-describ movement or may be so simpl as to be miss by casual observation. Mix form of absenc frequent occur. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. a5. absence with automatisms. (see also prior discussion on automatisms.) purposeful or quasipurposeful movements occurring in the absence of awareness during an absence attack are frequent and may range from lip licking and swallowing to clothes fumbling or aimless walking. if spoken to the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voice and when touched or tickled may rub the site. automatisms are quite elaborate and may consist of combinations of the above-described movements or may be so simple as to be missed by casual observation. mixed forms of absence frequently occur. i l a e 1981 2.1.1.5 typic absenc seizur with automat i l a e 1981 2.1.1.5 typical absence seizures with automatisms ILAE_1981_2.1.1.5_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Automatisms ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1.6_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Autonomic_Components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.6_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Autonomic_Components Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. i l a e 1981 2.1.1.6 typic absenc seizur with autonom compon i l a e 1981 2.1.1.6 typical absence seizures with autonomic components ILAE_1981_2.1.1.6_Typical_Absence_Seizures_With_Autonomic_Components ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.1_Typical_Absence_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.1.1_Typical_Absence_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. A1. Absenc with impair of conscious only. The abov descript fit the descript of absenc simpl in which no other activ take place dure the attack. A2. Absenc with mild clonic components. Here the onset of the attack is indistinguish from the above, but clonic
mov may occur in the eyelids, at the
corn of the mouth, or in other muscle
group which may vari in sever from almost impercept movement to general myoclon jerks. Object held in the hand may be dropped. A3. Absenc with aton components. Here there may be a diminut in tone of muscl subserv postur as well as in the limb lead to droop of the head, occasion slump of the trunk, drop of the arms, and relax of the grip. Rarely, tone is suffici diminish to caus this person to fall. A4. Absenc with tonic components. Here dure the attack tonic muscular contract may occur, lead to increas in muscl tone which may affect the extensor muscl or the flexor muscl symmetr or asymmetrically. If the patient is stand the head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch. This may lead to retropulsion. The head may tonic draw to one or anoth side. A5. Absenc with automatisms. (See also prior discuss on automatisms.) Purpos or quasipurpos movement occur in the absenc of awar dure an absenc attack are frequent and may rang from lip lick and swallow to cloth fumbl or aimless walking. If spoken to the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voic and when touch or tickl may rub the site. Automat are quit elabor and may consist of combin of the above-describ movement or may be so simpl as to be miss by casual observation. Mix form of absenc frequent occur. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. a1. absence with impairment of consciousness only. the above description fits the description of absence simple in which no other activities take place during the attack. a2. absence with mild clonic components. here the onset of the attack is indistinguishable from the above, but clonic
movements may occur in the eyelids, at the
corner of the mouth, or in other muscle
groups which may vary in severity from almost imperceptible movements to generalized myoclonic jerks. objects held in the hand may be dropped. a3. absence with atonic components. here there may be a diminution in tone of muscles subserving posture as well as in the limbs leading to drooping of the head, occasionally slumping of the trunk, dropping of the arms, and relaxation of the grip. rarely, tone is sufficiently diminished to cause this person to fall. a4. absence with tonic components. here during the attack tonic muscular contraction may occur, leading to increase in muscle tone which may affect the extensor muscles or the flexor muscles symmetrically or asymmetrically. if the patient is standing the head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch. this may lead to retropulsion. the head may tonically draw to one or another side. a5. absence with automatisms. (see also prior discussion on automatisms.) purposeful or quasipurposeful movements occurring in the absence of awareness during an absence attack are frequent and may range from lip licking and swallowing to clothes fumbling or aimless walking. if spoken to the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voice and when touched or tickled may rub the site. automatisms are quite elaborate and may consist of combinations of the above-described movements or may be so simple as to be missed by casual observation. mixed forms of absence frequently occur. i l a e 1981 2.1.1 typic absenc seizur i l a e 1981 2.1.1 typical absence seizures ILAE_1981_2.1.1_Typical_Absence_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.2.1_Atypical_Absence_with_Changes_in_Tone ILAE_1981_2.1.2.1_Atypical_Absence_with_Changes_in_Tone Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Atypic Absenc Seizur May have:
 (a) Chang in tone that are more pronounc than in A.1
 (b) Onset and/or cessat that is not abrupt EEG Seizur Type: EEG more heterogeneous; may includ irregular spike-and-slow- wave complexes, fast activ or other paroxysm activity. Ab- normal are bilater but often irregular and asymmetr EEG Interict Expression: Background usual abnormal: paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) frequent irregular and asymmetr bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. atypical absence seizures may have:
 (a) changes in tone that are more pronounced than in a.1
 (b) onset and/or cessation that is not abrupt eeg seizure type: eeg more heterogeneous; may include irregular spike-and-slow- wave complexes, fast activity or other paroxysmal activity. ab- normalities are bilateral but often irregular and asymmetrical eeg interictal expression: background usually abnormal: paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) frequently irregular and asymmetrical i l a e 1981 2.1.2.1 atyp absenc with chang in tone i l a e 1981 2.1.2.1 atypical absence with changes in tone ILAE_1981_2.1.2.1_Atypical_Absence_with_Changes_in_Tone ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.2.2_Atypical_Absence_with_Onset_and_or_Cessation_that_is_Not_Abrupt ILAE_1981_2.1.2.2_Atypical_Absence_with_Onset_and_or_Cessation_that_is_Not_Abrupt Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Atypic Absenc Seizur May have:
 (a) Chang in tone that are more pronounc than in A.1
 (b) Onset and/or cessat that is not abrupt EEG Seizur Type: EEG more heterogeneous; may includ irregular spike-and-slow- wave complexes, fast activ or other paroxysm activity. Ab- normal are bilater but often irregular and asymmetr EEG Interict Expression: Background usual abnormal: paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) frequent irregular and asymmetr bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. atypical absence seizures may have:
 (a) changes in tone that are more pronounced than in a.1
 (b) onset and/or cessation that is not abrupt eeg seizure type: eeg more heterogeneous; may include irregular spike-and-slow- wave complexes, fast activity or other paroxysmal activity. ab- normalities are bilateral but often irregular and asymmetrical eeg interictal expression: background usually abnormal: paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) frequently irregular and asymmetrical i l a e 1981 2.1.2.2 atyp absenc with onset and or cessat that is not abrupt i l a e 1981 2.1.2.2 atypical absence with onset and or cessation that is not abrupt ILAE_1981_2.1.2.2_Atypical_Absence_with_Onset_and_or_Cessation_that_is_Not_Abrupt ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1.2_Atypical_Absence_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.1.2_Atypical_Absence_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Atypic Absenc Seizur May have:
 (a) Chang in tone that are more pronounc than in A.1
 (b) Onset and/or cessat that is not abrupt EEG Seizur Type: EEG more heterogeneous; may includ irregular spike-and-slow- wave complexes, fast activ or other paroxysm activity. Ab- normal are bilater but often irregular and asymmetr EEG Interict Expression: Background usual abnormal: paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) frequent irregular and asymmetr bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. atypical absence seizures may have:
 (a) changes in tone that are more pronounced than in a.1
 (b) onset and/or cessation that is not abrupt eeg seizure type: eeg more heterogeneous; may include irregular spike-and-slow- wave complexes, fast activity or other paroxysmal activity. ab- normalities are bilateral but often irregular and asymmetrical eeg interictal expression: background usually abnormal: paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) frequently irregular and asymmetrical i l a e 1981 2.1.2 atyp absenc seizur i l a e 1981 2.1.2 atypical absence seizures ILAE_1981_2.1.2_Atypical_Absence_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.1_Absence_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.1_Absence_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: A. 1. Absenc seizur EEG Seizur Type: Usualli regular and symmetr 3 Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike- and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow- wave complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression: Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: a. 1. absence seizures eeg seizure type: usually regular and symmetrical 3 hz but may be 2-4 hz spike- and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow- wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression: background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. i l a e 1981 2.1 absenc seizur i l a e 1981 2.1 absence seizures ILAE_1981_2.1_Absence_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.2_Myoclonic_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.2_Myoclonic_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: B. Myoclon seizur Myoclon jerk 
(singl or multiple) EEG Seizur Type: Polyspik and wave, or sometim spike and wave or sharp and slow wave EEG Interict Expression: Polyspik and wave, or sometim spike and wave or sharp and slow wave Myoclon Seizur Myoclon jerk (singl or multiple) are sudden, brief, shock-lik contract which may be general or confin to the face and trunk or to one or more extrem or even to individu muscl or group of muscles. Myoclon jerk may be rapid repetit or relat isolated. They may occur predomin around the hour of go to sleep or awaken from sleep. They may be exacerb by volit movement (action myoclonus). At time they may be regular repetitive. Mani instanc of myoclon jerk and action myoclonus are not classifi as epilept seizures. The myoclon jerk of myoclonus due to spinal cord disease, dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonica, subcort segment myoclonus, paramyoclonus multiplex, and opsoclonus-mymlonus syndrom must be distinguish from epilept seizures. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: b. myoclonic seizures myoclonic jerks 
(single or multiple) eeg seizure type: polyspike and wave, or sometimes spike and wave or sharp and slow waves eeg interictal expression: polyspike and wave, or sometimes spike and wave or sharp and slow waves myoclonic seizures myoclonic jerks (single or multiple) are sudden, brief, shock-like contractions which may be generalized or confined to the face and trunk or to one or more extremities or even to individual muscles or groups of muscles. myoclonic jerks may be rapidly repetitive or relatively isolated. they may occur predominantly around the hours of going to sleep or awakening from sleep. they may be exacerbated by volitional movement (action myoclonus). at times they may be regularly repetitive. many instances of myoclonic jerks and action myoclonus are not classified as epileptic seizures. the myoclonic jerks of myoclonus due to spinal cord disease, dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica, subcortical segmental myoclonus, paramyoclonus multiplex, and opsoclonus-mymlonus syndrome must be distinguished from epileptic seizures. i l a e 1981 2.2 myoclon seizur i l a e 1981 2.2 myoclonic seizures ILAE_1981_2.2_Myoclonic_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.3_Clonic_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.3_Clonic_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: C. Clonic seizur EEG Seizur Type: Fast activ (10 c/sec or more) and slow waves; occasion spike-and-wav pattern EEG Interict Expression: Spike-and-wav or polyspike-and-wav discharg Clonic Seizur Gener convuis seizur occasion lack a tonic compon and are character by repetit clonic jerks. As the frequenc diminish the amplitud of the jerk do not. The postict phase is usual short. Some general convuls seizur commenc with a clonic phase pass into a tonic phase, as describ below, lead to a “clonic-tonic-clonic” seizure. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: c. clonic seizures eeg seizure type: fast activity (10 c/sec or more) and slow waves; occasional spike-and-wave patterns eeg interictal expression: spike-and-wave or polyspike-and-wave discharges clonic seizures generalized convuisive seizures occasionally lack a tonic component and are characterized by repetitive clonic jerks. as the frequency diminishes the amplitude of the jerks do not. the postictal phase is usually short. some generalized convulsive seizures commence with a clonic phase passing into a tonic phase, as described below, leading to a “clonic-tonic-clonic” seizure. i l a e 1981 2.3 clonic seizur i l a e 1981 2.3 clonic seizures ILAE_1981_2.3_Clonic_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.4_Tonic_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.4_Tonic_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: D. Tonic seizur EEG Seizur Type: Low voltage, fast activ or a fast rhythm of 9- 10 c/sec or more decreas in frequenc and increas in amplitud EEG Interict Expression: More or less rhythmic discharg of sharp and slow waves, sometim asymmetrical. Background is often abnorm for age Tonic Seizur To quot Gowers, a tonic seizur is “a rigid, violent muscular contraction, fix the limb in some strain position. There is usual deviat of the eye and of the head toward one side, and this may amount to rotat involv the whole body, (sometim actual caus the patient to turn around, even two or three times). The featur are distorted; the color of the face, unchang at first, rapid becom pale and then flush and ultim livid as the fixat of the chest by the spasm stop the movement of respiration. The eye are open or closed; the conjunctiva is insensitive; the pupil dilat wide as cyanosi come on. As the spasm continues, it common chang in it relat intens in differ parts, caus slight alter in the posit of the limbs.” Tonic axial seizur with extens of head, neck, and trunk may also occur. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: d. tonic seizures eeg seizure type: low voltage, fast activity or a fast rhythm of 9- 10 c/sec or more decreasing in frequency and increasing in amplitude eeg interictal expression: more or less rhythmic discharges of sharp and slow waves, sometimes asymmetrical. background is often abnormal for age tonic seizures to quote gowers, a tonic seizure is “a rigid, violent muscular contraction, fixing the limbs in some strained position. there is usually deviation of the eyes and of the head toward one side, and this may amount to rotation involving the whole body, (sometimes actually causing the patient to turn around, even two or three times). the features are distorted; the color of the face, unchanged at first, rapidly becomes pale and then flushed and ultimately livid as the fixation of the chest by the spasms stops the movements of respiration. the eyes are open or closed; the conjunctiva is insensitive; the pupils dilate widely as cyanosis comes on. as the spasm continues, it commonly changes in its relative intensity in different parts, causing slight alterations in the position of the limbs.” tonic axial seizures with extension of head, neck, and trunk may also occur. i l a e 1981 2.4 tonic seizur i l a e 1981 2.4 tonic seizures ILAE_1981_2.4_Tonic_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.5_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.5_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: E. Tonic-clon seizur EEG Seizur Type: Rhythm at 10 or more c/sec decreas in frequenc and increas in amplitud dure tonic phase, interrupt by slow wave dure clonic phase EEG Interict Expression: Polyspik and wave or spike and wave, or, sometimes, sharp and slow wave discharg Tonic-Clon Seizur The most frequent encount of the general seizur are the general tonic-clon seizures, often known as grand mal. Some patient experi a vagu ill-describ warning, but the major lose conscious without ani premonitori symptoms. There is a sudden sharp tonic contract of muscles, and when this involv the respiratori muscl there is stridor, a cri or moan, and the patient fall to the ground in the tonic state, occasion injur himself in falling. He lie rigid, and dure this stage tonic contract inhibit respir and cyanosi may occur. The tongu may be bitten and urin may be pass involuntarily. This tonic stage then give way to clonic convuls movement last for a variabl period of time. Dure this stage small gust of grunt respir may occur between the convuls movements, but usual the patient remain cyanot and saliva may froth from the mouth. At the end of this stage, deep respir occur and all the muscl relax, after which the patient remain unconsci for a variabl period of time and often awak feel stiff and sore all over. He then frequent goe into a deep sleep and when he awaken feel quit well apart from sore and frequent headache. Gener tonic-clon convuls may occur in childhood and in adult life; they are not as frequent as absenc seizures, but vari from one a day to one everi three month and occasion to one everi few years. Veri short attack without postict drowsi may occur on occasion. . bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: e. tonic-clonic seizures eeg seizure type: rhythm at 10 or more c/sec decreasing in frequency and increasing in amplitude during tonic phase, interrupted by slow waves during clonic phase eeg interictal expression: polyspike and waves or spike and wave, or, sometimes, sharp and slow wave discharges tonic-clonic seizures the most frequently encountered of the generalized seizures are the generalized tonic-clonic seizures, often known as grand mal. some patients experience a vague ill-described warning, but the majority lose consciousness without any premonitory symptoms. there is a sudden sharp tonic contraction of muscles, and when this involves the respiratory muscles there is stridor, a cry or moan, and the patient falls to the ground in the tonic state, occasionally injuring himself in falling. he lies rigid, and during this stage tonic contraction inhibits respiration and cyanosis may occur. the tongue may be bitten and urine may be passed involuntarily. this tonic stage then gives way to clonic convulsive movements lasting for a variable period of time. during this stage small gusts of grunting respiration may occur between the convulsive movements, but usually the patient remains cyanotic and saliva may froth from the mouth. at the end of this stage, deep respiration occurs and all the muscles relax, after which the patient remains unconscious for a variable period of time and often awakes feeling stiff and sore all over. he then frequently goes into a deep sleep and when he awakens feels quite well apart from soreness and frequently headache. generalized tonic-clonic convulsions may occur in childhood and in adult life; they are not as frequent as absence seizures, but vary from one a day to one every three months and occasionally to one every few years. very short attacks without postictal drowsiness may occur on occasion. . i l a e 1981 2.5 tonic- clonic seizur i l a e 1981 2.5 tonic- clonic seizures ILAE_1981_2.5_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_2.6_Atonic_Seizures ILAE_1981_2.6_Atonic_Seizures Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type: F. Atonic seizur (Astatic) (combin of the abov may occur, e.g., B and F, B and D) EEG Seizur Type: Polyspik and wave or flatten or low-voltag fast activ EEG Interict Expression: Polyspik and slow wave Atonic Seizur A sudden diminut in muscl tone occur which may be fragmentary, lead to a head drop with slacken of the jaw, the drop of a limb or a loss of all muscl tone lead to a slump to the ground. When these attack are extrem brief they are known a s ‘‘drop attacks.” If conscious is lost, this loss is extrem brief. The sudden loss of postur tone in the head and trunk may lead to injuri by project objects. The face is particular subject to injury. In the case of more prolong aton attacks, the slump may be progress in a rhythmic, success relax manner. (So-cal drop attack may be seen in condit other than epilepsy, such as brainstem ischemia and narcolepsi cataplexi syndrome.) bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type: f. atonic seizures (astatic) (combinations of the above may occur, e.g., b and f, b and d) eeg seizure type: polyspikes and wave or flattening or low-voltage fast activity eeg interictal expression: polyspikes and slow wave atonic seizures a sudden diminution in muscle tone occurs which may be fragmentary, leading to a head drop with slackening of the jaw, the dropping of a limb or a loss of all muscle tone leading to a slumping to the ground. when these attacks are extremely brief they are known a s ‘‘drop attacks.” if consciousness is lost, this loss is extremely brief. the sudden loss of postural tone in the head and trunk may lead to injury by projecting objects. the face is particularly subject to injury. in the case of more prolonged atonic attacks, the slumping may be progressive in a rhythmic, successive relaxation manner. (so-called drop attacks may be seen in conditions other than epilepsy, such as brainstem ischemia and narcolepsy cataplexy syndrome.) i l a e 1981 2.6 aton seizur i l a e 1981 2.6 atonic seizures ILAE_1981_2.6_Atonic_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_3.0_Unclassified_Epileptic_Seizures ILAE_1981_3.0_Unclassified_Epileptic_Seizures Bancaud 1981 III. UNCLASSIFIED EPILEPTIC SEIZURES Include all seizur that cannot be classifi becaus of inadequ or incomplet data and some that defi classif in hitherto describ categories. This includ some neonat seizures, e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, and swim movements. Unclassifi Epilept Seizur This categori includ all seizur that cannot be classifi becaus of inadequ or incomplet data and includ some seizur that by their natur defi classif in the previous defin broad categories. Mani seizur occur in the infant (e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, swim movements, jittering, and apnea) will be classifi here until such time as further experi with video-tap confirm and electroencephalograph character entitl them to subtyp in the extant classification. bancaud 1981 iii. unclassified epileptic seizures includes all seizures that cannot be classified because of inadequate or incomplete data and some that defy classification in hitherto described categories. this includes some neonatal seizures, e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, and swimming movements. unclassified epileptic seizures this category includes all seizures that cannot be classified because of inadequate or incomplete data and includes some seizures that by their natures defy classification in the previously defined broad categories. many seizures occurring in the infant (e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, swimming movements, jittering, and apnea) will be classified here until such time as further experience with video-tape confirmation and electroencephalographic characterization entitles them to subtyping in the extant classification. i l a e 1981 3.0 unclassifi epilept seizur i l a e 1981 3.0 unclassified epileptic seizures ILAE_1981_3.0_Unclassified_Epileptic_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.0_Addendum ILAE_1981_4.0_Addendum IV. ADDENDUM Repeat epilept seizur occur under a varieti of circumstances: 1. as fortuit attacks, come unexpect and without ani appar provocation; 2. as cyclic attacks, at more or less regular interv (e.g., in relat to the menstrual cycle, or the sleep-wak cycle); 3. as attack provok by: (a) nonsensori factor (fatigue, alcohol, emotion, etc.), or (b) sensori factors, sometim refer to as “reflex seizures.” Prolong or repetit seizur (status epilepticus). The term “status epilepticus” is use whenev a seizur persist for a suffici length of time or is repeat frequent enough that recoveri between attack doe not occur. Status epilepticus may be divid into partial (e.g., Jacksonian), or general (e.g., absenc status or tonic-clon status). When veri local motor status occurs, it is refer to as epilepsia partiali continua. i l a e 1981 4.0 addendum iv. addendum repeated epileptic seizures occur under a variety of circumstances: 1. as fortuitous attacks, coming unexpectedly and without any apparent provocation; 2. as cyclic attacks, at more or less regular intervals (e.g., in relation to the menstrual cycle, or the sleep-waking cycle); 3. as attacks provoked by: (a) nonsensory factors (fatigue, alcohol, emotion, etc.), or (b) sensory factors, sometimes referred to as “reflex seizures.” prolonged or repetitive seizures (status epilepticus). the term “status epilepticus” is used whenever a seizure persists for a sufficient length of time or is repeated frequently enough that recovery between attacks does not occur. status epilepticus may be divided into partial (e.g., jacksonian), or generalized (e.g., absence status or tonic-clonic status). when very localized motor status occurs, it is referred to as epilepsia partialis continua. ILAE_1981_4.0_Addendum ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.1_Fortuitious_Attack ILAE_1981_4.1_Fortuitious_Attack Bancaud 1981 Attack that come unexpect and without ani appar provoc bancaud 1981 attacks that comes unexpectedly and without any apparent provocation i l a e 1981 4.1 fortuiti attack i l a e 1981 4.1 fortuitious attack ILAE_1981_4.1_Fortuitious_Attack ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.2_Cyclic_Attack ILAE_1981_4.2_Cyclic_Attack Bancaud 1981 Attack occur at more or less regular interv (e.g., in relat to the menstrual cycle, or the sleep-wak cycle) bancaud 1981 attacks occuring at more or less regular intervals (e.g., in relation to the menstrual cycle, or the sleep-wake cycle) i l a e 1981 4.2 cyclic attack ILAE_1981_4.2_Cyclic_Attack ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.3_Provoked_Attacks ILAE_1981_4.3_Provoked_Attacks i l a e 1981 4.3 provok attack i l a e 1981 4.3 provoked attacks ILAE_1981_4.3_Provoked_Attacks ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.4.1_Partial_Status_Epilepticus ILAE_1981_4.4.1_Partial_Status_Epilepticus i l a e 1981 4.4.1 partial status epilepticus ILAE_1981_4.4.1_Partial_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.4.2_Generalized_Status_Epilepticus ILAE_1981_4.4.2_Generalized_Status_Epilepticus i l a e 1981 4.4.2 general status epilepticus i l a e 1981 4.4.2 generalized status epilepticus ILAE_1981_4.4.2_Generalized_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.4.3_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua ILAE_1981_4.4.3_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua Bancaud 1981 Epilepsia Partiali Continua Under this name have been describ case of simpl partial seizur with focal motor sign without a march, usual consist of clonic spasms, which remain confin to the part of the bodi in which they originate, but which persist with littl or no intermiss for hour or day at a stretch. Conscious is usual preserved, but postict weak is frequent evident. bancaud 1981 epilepsia partialis continua under this name have been described cases of simple partial seizures with focal motor signs without a march, usually consisting of clonic spasms, which remain confined to the part of the body in which they originate, but which persist with little or no intermission for hours or days at a stretch. consciousness is usually preserved, but postictal weakness is frequently evident. i l a e 1981 4.4.3 epilepsia partiali continua i l a e 1981 4.4.3 epilepsia partialis continua ILAE_1981_4.4.3_Epilepsia_Partialis_Continua ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.4_Status_Epilepticus ILAE_1981_4.4_Status_Epilepticus i l a e 1981 4.4 status epilepticus ILAE_1981_4.4_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:ILAE_1981_4.5_Postictal_Paralysis ILAE_1981_4.5_Postictal_Paralysis Postict Paralysi (Todd’ Paralysis) This categori refer to the transient paralysi that may occur follow some partial epilept seizur with focal motor compon or with somatosensori symptoms. Postict paralysi has been ascrib to neuron exhaust due to the increas metabol activ of the discharg focus, but it may also be attribut to increas inhibit in the region of the focus, which may account for it appear in non-motor somatosensori seizures. i l a e 1981 4.5 postict paralysi i l a e 1981 4.5 postictal paralysis postictal paralysis (todd’s paralysis) this category refers to the transient paralysis that may occur following some partial epileptic seizures with focal motor components or with somatosensory symptoms. postictal paralysis has been ascribed to neuronal exhaustion due to the increased metabolic activity of the discharging focus, but it may also be attributable to increased inhibition in the region of the focus, which may account for its appearance in non-motor somatosensory seizures. ILAE_1981_4.5_Postictal_Paralysis ESSO:ILAE_1981_Seizure_Classification ILAE_1981_Seizure_Classification Bancaud 1981 The charg to the
 Commiss was to: (1) complet the develop of a revis of the International
 Classif of Epilept Seizur based
upon a studi of videotap of simultan record electr and clinic manifest of epilept seizures; (2) obtain 
the major approv of the Classification
of Epilept Seizur from the activ chapter of the Leagu and other pertin intern societies; (3) promot the use of
thi classif throughout the world; (4) develop a current dictionari of epilepsi and promot it use throughout the world; (5) develop a classif of the epilepsies, acquir approv of a classification, and promot it use throughout the world. bancaud 1981 the charge to the
 commission was to: (1) complete the development of a revision of the international
 classification of epileptic seizures based
upon a study of videotapes of simultaneously recorded electrical and clinical manifestations of epileptic seizures; (2) obtain 
the majority approval of the classification
of epileptic seizures from the active chapters of the league and other pertinent international societies; (3) promote the use of
this classification throughout the world; (4) develop a current dictionary of epilepsy and promote its use throughout the world; (5) develop a classification of the epilepsies, acquire approval of a classification, and promote its use throughout the world. i l a e 1981 seizur classif i l a e 1981 seizure classification ILAE_1981_Seizure_Classification ESSO:ILAE_1989_1.1_Idiopathic_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_1.1_Idiopathic_Localization-Related_Epilepsy With Age-Rel Onset i l a e 1989 1.1 idiopath localization- relat epilepsi i l a e 1989 1.1 idiopathic localization- related epilepsy with age-related onset ILAE_1989_1.1_Idiopathic_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_1.1_Primary_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_1.1_Primary_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Idiopath (primary) The term idiopath deriv from the Greek “idios,” mean self, own, or personal. Idiopath epilepsi and syndrom are describ as disord “not preced or occas by another,” accord to the Oxford English Dictionary. There is no under caus other than a possibl hereditari predisposition. Idiopath epilepsi are defin by age-rel onset, clinic and electroencephalograph characteristics, and a presum genet etiology. i l a e 1989 1.1 primari epilepsi i l a e 1989 1.1 primary epilepsy ilae 1989 idiopathic (primary) the term idiopathic derives from the greek “idios,” meaning self, own, or personal. idiopathic epilepsies and syndromes are described as disorders “not preceded or occasioned by another,” according to the oxford english dictionary. there is no underlying cause other than a possible hereditary predisposition. idiopathic epilepsies are defined by age-related onset, clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics, and a presumed genetic etiology. ILAE_1989_1.1_Primary_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_1.2_Epilepsy_of_Known_Etiology ILAE_1989_1.2_Epilepsy_of_Known_Etiology ILAE 1989 Epilepsi of known etiolog (symptomat or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopath (primary) Symptomat epilepsi and syndrom are consid the consequ of a known or suspect disord of the central nervous system (CNS). i l a e 1989 1.2 epilepsi of known etiolog i l a e 1989 1.2 epilepsy of known etiology ilae 1989 epilepsies of known etiology (symptomatic or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopathic (primary) symptomatic epilepsies and syndromes are considered the consequence of a known or suspected disorder of the central nervous system (cns). ILAE_1989_1.2_Epilepsy_of_Known_Etiology ESSO:ILAE_1989_1.2_Secondary_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_1.2_Secondary_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Epilepsi of known etiolog (symptomat or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopath (primary) Symptomat epilepsi and syndrom are consid the consequ of a known or suspect disord of the central nervous system (CNS). i l a e 1989 1.2 secondari epilepsi i l a e 1989 1.2 secondary epilepsy ilae 1989 epilepsies of known etiology (symptomatic or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopathic (primary) symptomatic epilepsies and syndromes are considered the consequence of a known or suspected disorder of the central nervous system (cns). ILAE_1989_1.2_Secondary_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_1.2_Symptomatic_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_1.2_Symptomatic_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Epilepsi of known etiolog (symptomat or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopath (primary) Symptomat epilepsi and syndrom are consid the consequ of a known or suspect disord of the central nervous system (CNS). i l a e 1989 1.2 symptomat epilepsi i l a e 1989 1.2 symptomatic epilepsy ilae 1989 epilepsies of known etiology (symptomatic or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopathic (primary) symptomatic epilepsies and syndromes are considered the consequence of a known or suspected disorder of the central nervous system (cns). ILAE_1989_1.2_Symptomatic_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_1.3_Cryptogenic_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_1.3_Cryptogenic_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Cryptogen Epilepsi The term cryptogen refer to a disord whose caus is hidden or occult. Cryptogen epilepsi are presum to be symptomatic, but the etiolog is not known. The cryptogen epilepsi are also age relat but often do not have well-defin electroclin characteristics. Cryptogen epilepsi are presum to be symptomat and the etiolog is unknown. This categori thus differ from the previous one by the lack of etiolog evid (See definitions). i l a e 1989 1.3 cryptogen localization- relat epilepsi i l a e 1989 1.3 cryptogenic localization- related epilepsy ilae 1989 cryptogenic epilepsy the term cryptogenic refers to a disorder whose cause is hidden or occult. cryptogenic epilepsies are presumed to be symptomatic, but the etiology is not known. the cryptogenic epilepsies are also age related but often do not have well-defined electroclinical characteristics. cryptogenic epilepsies are presumed to be symptomatic and the etiology is unknown. this category thus differs from the previous one by the lack of etiologic evidence (see definitions). ILAE_1989_1.3_Cryptogenic_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_1_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_1_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with partial or focal seizur (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) Localization-rel epilepsi and syndrom are epilept disord in which seizur semiolog or find at investig disclos a local origin of the seizures. This includ not onli patient with small circumscrib constant epileptogen lesion (anatom or functional), i.e., true focal epilepsies, but also patient with less well-defin lesions, whose seizur may origin from variabl loci. In most symptomat localization-rel epilepsies, the epileptogen lesion can be trace to one part of one cerebr hemisphere, but in idiopath age-rel epilepsi with focal seizures, correspond region of both hemispher may be function involved. i l a e 1989 1 localization- relat epilepsi i l a e 1989 1 localization- related epilepsy ilae 1989 epilepsies with partial or focal seizures (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) localization-related epilepsies and syndromes are epileptic disorders in which seizure semiology or findings at investigation disclose a localized origin of the seizures. this includes not only patients with small circumscribed constant epileptogenic lesions (anatomic or functional), i.e., true focal epilepsies, but also patients with less well-defined lesions, whose seizures may originate from variable loci. in most symptomatic localization-related epilepsies, the epileptogenic lesions can be traced to one part of one cerebral hemisphere, but in idiopathic age-related epilepsies with focal seizures, corresponding regions of both hemispheres may be functionally involved. ILAE_1989_1_Localization-Related_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_2.1_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_2.1_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy i l a e 1989 2.1 idiopath general epilepsi i l a e 1989 2.1 idiopathic generalized epilepsy with age-rel onset with age-related onset ILAE_1989_2.1_Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_2.2_Cryptogenic_or_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ILAE_1989_2.2_Cryptogenic_or_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome i l a e 1989 2.2 cryptogen or symptomat general epilepsi syndrom i l a e 1989 2.2 cryptogenic or symptomatic generalized epilepsy syndrome ILAE_1989_2.2_Cryptogenic_or_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:ILAE_1989_2.3.1_Non-Specific_Etiology_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ILAE_1989_2.3.1_Non-Specific_Etiology_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome i l a e 1989 2.3.1 non- specif etiolog symptomat general epilepsi syndrom i l a e 1989 2.3.1 non- specific etiology symptomatic generalized epilepsy syndrome ILAE_1989_2.3.1_Non-Specific_Etiology_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:ILAE_1989_2.3.2_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsies_of_Specific_Etiology_Syndromes ILAE_1989_2.3.2_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsies_of_Specific_Etiology_Syndromes i l a e 1989 2.3.2 symptomat general epilepsi of specif etiolog syndrom i l a e 1989 2.3.2 symptomatic generalized epilepsies of specific etiology syndromes ILAE_1989_2.3.2_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsies_of_Specific_Etiology_Syndromes ESSO:ILAE_1989_2.3_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ILAE_1989_2.3_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ILAE 1989 Symptomat general epilepsi and syndrom Symptomat general epilepsies, most often occur in infanc and childhood, are character by general seizur with clinic and EEG featur differ from those of idiopath general epilepsies. There may be onli one type, but more often there are sever types, includ myoclon jerks, tonic seizures, aton seizures, and atyp absences. EEG express is bilater but less rhythmic than in idiopath general epilepsi and is more or less asymmetrical. Interict EEG abnorm differ from idiopath general epilepsies, appear as suppress bursts, hypsarrhythmia, slow spike-waves, or general fast rhythms. Focal abnorm may be associ with ani of the above. There are clinical, neuropsychologic, and neuroradiolog sign of a usual diffuse, specific, or nonspecif encephalopathy. i l a e 1989 2.3 symptomat general epilepsi syndrom i l a e 1989 2.3 symptomatic generalized epilepsy syndrome ilae 1989 symptomatic generalized epilepsies and syndromes symptomatic generalized epilepsies, most often occurring in infancy and childhood, are characterized by generalized seizures with clinical and eeg features different from those of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. there may be only one type, but more often there are several types, including myoclonic jerks, tonic seizures, atonic seizures, and atypical absences. eeg expression is bilateral but less rhythmical than in idiopathic generalized epilepsies and is more or less asymmetrical. interictal eeg abnormalities differ from idiopathic generalized epilepsies, appearing as suppression bursts, hypsarrhythmia, slow spike-waves, or generalized fast rhythms. focal abnormalities may be associated with any of the above. there are clinical, neuropsychologic, and neuroradiologic signs of a usually diffuse, specific, or nonspecific encephalopathy. ILAE_1989_2.3_Symptomatic_Generalized_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:ILAE_1989_2_Epilepsy_with_Generalized_Seizure ILAE_1989_2_Epilepsy_with_Generalized_Seizure ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with general seizur (gener epilepsy) Accord to ICE, general epilepsi and syndrom are epilept disord with general seizures, i.e., “seizur in which the first clinic chang indic initi involv of both hemispheres. . . . The ictal encephalograph pattern initi are bilateral.” i l a e 1989 2 epilepsi with general seizur i l a e 1989 2 epilepsy with generalized seizure ilae 1989 epilepsies with generalized seizures (generalized epilepsy) according to ice, generalized epilepsies and syndromes are epileptic disorders with generalized seizures, i.e., “seizures in which the first clinical changes indicate initial involvement of both hemispheres. . . . the ictal encephalographic patterns initially are bilateral.” ILAE_1989_2_Epilepsy_with_Generalized_Seizure ESSO:ILAE_1989_2_Generalized_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_2_Generalized_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with general seizur (gener epilepsy) Accord to ICE, general epilepsi and syndrom are epilept disord with general seizures, i.e., “seizur in which the first clinic chang indic initi involv of both hemispheres. . . . The ictal encephalograph pattern initi are bilateral.” i l a e 1989 2 general epilepsi i l a e 1989 2 generalized epilepsy ilae 1989 epilepsies with generalized seizures (generalized epilepsy) according to ice, generalized epilepsies and syndromes are epileptic disorders with generalized seizures, i.e., “seizures in which the first clinical changes indicate initial involvement of both hemispheres. . . . the ictal encephalographic patterns initially are bilateral.” ILAE_1989_2_Generalized_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_3.1_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_with_Both_Generalized_and_Focal_Seizures ILAE_1989_3.1_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_with_Both_Generalized_and_Focal_Seizures i l a e 1989 3.1 epilepsi and syndrom with both general and focal seizur i l a e 1989 3.1 epilepsies and syndromes with both generalized and focal seizures ILAE_1989_3.1_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_with_Both_Generalized_and_Focal_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1989_3.2_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_Without_Unequivocal_Generalized_or_Focal_Features ILAE_1989_3.2_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_Without_Unequivocal_Generalized_or_Focal_Features i l a e 1989 3.2 epilepsi and syndrom without unequivoc general or focal featur i l a e 1989 3.2 epilepsies and syndromes without unequivocal generalized or focal features ILAE_1989_3.2_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_Without_Unequivocal_Generalized_or_Focal_Features ESSO:ILAE_1989_3_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_Undetermined_Whether_Focal_or_Generalized ILAE_1989_3_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_Undetermined_Whether_Focal_or_Generalized ILAE 1989 There may be two reason whi a determin of whether seizur are focal or general cannot be made: (a) The patient has both focal and general seizur togeth or in success (e.g., partial seizur plus absences), and has both focal and general EEG seizur discharg (e.g., tempor spike focus plus independ bilater spike-wav discharges); and (b) there are no posit sign of either focal or general seizur onset. The most common reason for this are that the seizur occur dure sleep, the patient recal no aura, and ancillari investig includ EEG are not revealing. i l a e 1989 3 epilepsi and syndrom undetermin whether focal or general i l a e 1989 3 epilepsies and syndromes undetermined whether focal or generalized ilae 1989 there may be two reasons why a determination of whether seizures are focal or generalized cannot be made: (a) the patient has both focal and generalized seizures together or in succession (e.g., partial seizures plus absences), and has both focal and generalized eeg seizure discharges (e.g., temporal spike focus plus independent bilateral spike-wave discharges); and (b) there are no positive signs of either focal or generalized seizure onset. the most common reasons for this are that the seizures occur during sleep, the patient recalls no aura, and ancillary investigations including eeg are not revealing. ILAE_1989_3_Epilepsies_and_Syndromes_Undetermined_Whether_Focal_or_Generalized ESSO:ILAE_1989_4.1_Gelegenheitsanfalle ILAE_1989_4.1_Gelegenheitsanfalle i l a e 1989 4.1 gelegenheitsanfall i l a e 1989 4.1 gelegenheitsanfalle ILAE_1989_4.1_Gelegenheitsanfalle ESSO:ILAE_1989_4.1_Situation-Related_Seizures ILAE_1989_4.1_Situation-Related_Seizures i l a e 1989 4.1 situation- relat seizur i l a e 1989 4.1 situation- related seizures ILAE_1989_4.1_Situation-Related_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_1989_4_Special_Syndromes ILAE_1989_4_Special_Syndromes i l a e 1989 4 special syndrom i l a e 1989 4 special syndromes ILAE_1989_4_Special_Syndromes ESSO:ILAE_1989_Adult ILAE_1989_Adult i l a e 1989 adult ILAE_1989_Adult ESSO:ILAE_1989_Child ILAE_1989_Child i l a e 1989 child ILAE_1989_Child ESSO:ILAE_1989_Child_and_Adolescent ILAE_1989_Child_and_Adolescent i l a e 1989 child and adolesc i l a e 1989 child and adolescent ILAE_1989_Child_and_Adolescent ESSO:ILAE_1989_Classification ILAE_1989_Classification ILAE 1989 Two divis continu to be wide use in this ICE to shape the major classes: The first separ epilepsi with general seizur (gener epilepsy) from epilepsi with partial or focal seizur (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies). The other separ epilepsi of known etiolog (symptomat or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopath (primary) and those that are cryptogenic. i l a e 1989 classif i l a e 1989 classification ilae 1989 two divisions continue to be widely used in this ice to shape the major classes: the first separates epilepsies with generalized seizures (generalized epilepsy) from epilepsies with partial or focal seizures (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies). the other separates epilepsies of known etiology (symptomatic or “secondary” epilepsies) from those that are idiopathic (primary) and those that are cryptogenic. ILAE_1989_Classification ESSO:ILAE_1989_Epilepsy_with_Focal_Seizure ILAE_1989_Epilepsy_with_Focal_Seizure ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with partial or focal seizur (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) i l a e 1989 epilepsi with focal seizur i l a e 1989 epilepsy with focal seizure ilae 1989 epilepsies with partial or focal seizures (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) ILAE_1989_Epilepsy_with_Focal_Seizure ESSO:ILAE_1989_Epilepsy_with_Partial_Seizure ILAE_1989_Epilepsy_with_Partial_Seizure ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with partial or focal seizur (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) i l a e 1989 epilepsi with partial seizur i l a e 1989 epilepsy with partial seizure ilae 1989 epilepsies with partial or focal seizures (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) ILAE_1989_Epilepsy_with_Partial_Seizure ESSO:ILAE_1989_Focal_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_Focal_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with partial or focal seizur (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) i l a e 1989 focal epilepsi i l a e 1989 focal epilepsy ilae 1989 epilepsies with partial or focal seizures (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) ILAE_1989_Focal_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_Infant ILAE_1989_Infant i l a e 1989 infant ILAE_1989_Infant ESSO:ILAE_1989_Malformations ILAE_1989_Malformations i l a e 1989 malform i l a e 1989 malformations ILAE_1989_Malformations ESSO:ILAE_1989_Neonate ILAE_1989_Neonate i l a e 1989 neonat i l a e 1989 neonate ILAE_1989_Neonate ESSO:ILAE_1989_Partial_Epilepsy ILAE_1989_Partial_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with partial or focal seizur (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) i l a e 1989 partial epilepsi i l a e 1989 partial epilepsy ilae 1989 epilepsies with partial or focal seizures (localization-related, partial or focal epilepsies) ILAE_1989_Partial_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_1989_Proven_or_Suspected_Inborn_Errors_of_Metabolism ILAE_1989_Proven_or_Suspected_Inborn_Errors_of_Metabolism i l a e 1989 proven or suspect inborn error of metabol i l a e 1989 proven or suspected inborn errors of metabolism ILAE_1989_Proven_or_Suspected_Inborn_Errors_of_Metabolism ESSO:ILAE_2010_1.0_Electroclinical_Syndromes_Arranged_by_Age_at_Onset ILAE_2010_1.0_Electroclinical_Syndromes_Arranged_by_Age_at_Onset i l a e 2010 1.0 electroclin syndrom arrang by age at onset i l a e 2010 1.0 electroclinical syndromes arranged by age at onset ILAE_2010_1.0_Electroclinical_Syndromes_Arranged_by_Age_at_Onset ESSO:ILAE_2010_1.1_Neontal ILAE_2010_1.1_Neontal i l a e 2010 1.1 neontal ILAE_2010_1.1_Neontal ESSO:ILAE_2010_1.2_Infancy ILAE_2010_1.2_Infancy i l a e 2010 1.2 infanc i l a e 2010 1.2 infancy ILAE_2010_1.2_Infancy ESSO:ILAE_2010_1.3_Childhood ILAE_2010_1.3_Childhood i l a e 2010 1.3 childhood ILAE_2010_1.3_Childhood ESSO:ILAE_2010_1.4_Adolescence-Adult ILAE_2010_1.4_Adolescence-Adult i l a e 2010 1.4 adolescence- adult ILAE_2010_1.4_Adolescence-Adult ESSO:ILAE_2010_1.5_Less_Specific_Age_Relationship ILAE_2010_1.5_Less_Specific_Age_Relationship i l a e 2010 1.5 less specif age relationship i l a e 2010 1.5 less specific age relationship ILAE_2010_1.5_Less_Specific_Age_Relationship ESSO:ILAE_2010_2.0_Distinctive_Constellations ILAE_2010_2.0_Distinctive_Constellations i l a e 2010 2.0 distinct constel i l a e 2010 2.0 distinctive constellations ILAE_2010_2.0_Distinctive_Constellations ESSO:ILAE_2010_3.0_Structural-Metabolic_Epilepsies ILAE_2010_3.0_Structural-Metabolic_Epilepsies i l a e 2010 3.0 structural- metabol epilepsi i l a e 2010 3.0 structural- metabolic epilepsies ILAE_2010_3.0_Structural-Metabolic_Epilepsies ESSO:ILAE_2010_3.1_Malformations_of_Cortical_Development ILAE_2010_3.1_Malformations_of_Cortical_Development i l a e 2010 3.1 malform of cortic develop i l a e 2010 3.1 malformations of cortical development ILAE_2010_3.1_Malformations_of_Cortical_Development ESSO:ILAE_2010_3.2_Neurocutaneous_Syndromes ILAE_2010_3.2_Neurocutaneous_Syndromes i l a e 2010 3.2 neurocutan syndrom i l a e 2010 3.2 neurocutaneous syndromes ILAE_2010_3.2_Neurocutaneous_Syndromes ESSO:ILAE_2010_3.3_Tumor ILAE_2010_3.3_Tumor i l a e 2010 3.3 tumor ILAE_2010_3.3_Tumor ESSO:ILAE_2010_3.4_Infection ILAE_2010_3.4_Infection i l a e 2010 3.4 infect i l a e 2010 3.4 infection ILAE_2010_3.4_Infection ESSO:ILAE_2010_3.5_Trauma ILAE_2010_3.5_Trauma i l a e 2010 3.5 trauma ILAE_2010_3.5_Trauma ESSO:ILAE_2010_4.0_Angioma ILAE_2010_4.0_Angioma i l a e 2010 4.0 angioma ILAE_2010_4.0_Angioma ESSO:ILAE_2010_5.0_Epilepsies_of_Unknown_Cause ILAE_2010_5.0_Epilepsies_of_Unknown_Cause i l a e 2010 5.0 epilepsi of unknown caus i l a e 2010 5.0 epilepsies of unknown cause ILAE_2010_5.0_Epilepsies_of_Unknown_Cause ESSO:ILAE_2010_6.0_Conditions_with_Epileptic_Seizures_Traditionally_not_Diagnosed_as_Epilepsy ILAE_2010_6.0_Conditions_with_Epileptic_Seizures_Traditionally_not_Diagnosed_as_Epilepsy i l a e 2010 6.0 condit with epilept seizur tradit not diagnos as epilepsi i l a e 2010 6.0 conditions with epileptic seizures traditionally not diagnosed as epilepsy ILAE_2010_6.0_Conditions_with_Epileptic_Seizures_Traditionally_not_Diagnosed_as_Epilepsy ESSO:ILAE_2010_Classification ILAE_2010_Classification i l a e 2010 classif i l a e 2010 classification ILAE_2010_Classification ESSO:ILAE_2010_Electroclinical_Syndromes_and_Other_Epilepsies ILAE_2010_Electroclinical_Syndromes_and_Other_Epilepsies i l a e 2010 electroclin syndrom and other epilepsi i l a e 2010 electroclinical syndromes and other epilepsies ILAE_2010_Electroclinical_Syndromes_and_Other_Epilepsies ESSO:ILAE_2010_Focal_Seizures ILAE_2010_Focal_Seizures i l a e 2010 focal seizur i l a e 2010 focal seizures ILAE_2010_Focal_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_2010_Generalized_Seizures ILAE_2010_Generalized_Seizures i l a e 2010 general seizur i l a e 2010 generalized seizures ILAE_2010_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:ILAE_2010_Other_Famililal_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies ILAE_2010_Other_Famililal_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies i l a e 2010 other familil tempor lobe epilepsi i l a e 2010 other famililal temporal lobe epilepsies ILAE_2010_Other_Famililal_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies ESSO:ILAE_2010_Rules ILAE_2010_Rules i l a e 2010 rule i l a e 2010 rules ILAE_2010_Rules ESSO:ILAE_2010_Seizure_Classification ILAE_2010_Seizure_Classification i l a e 2010 seizur classif i l a e 2010 seizure classification ILAE_2010_Seizure_Classification ESSO:Ictal_Onset Ictal_Onset ictal onset Ictal_Onset ESSO:Ictal_Propagation Ictal_Propagation ictal propag ictal propagation Ictal_Propagation ESSO:Ictal_Relationship Ictal_Relationship Suggest by Buchhalt ictal relationship suggested by buchhalter Ictal_Relationship ESSO:Illusory Illusory Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. illusori illusory Illusory ESSO:Immune_Mediated Immune_Mediated immun mediat immune mediated Immune_Mediated ESSO:Impairment_of_Movement Impairment_of_Movement JB: Histor and demonstr on Physic Examin impair of movement impairment of movement jb: historical and demonstrate on physical examination Impairment_of_Movement ESSO:Impulsive_Petit_Mal Impulsive_Petit_Mal d0000592 impuls petit mal impulsive petit mal Impulsive_Petit_Mal ESSO:In_Salvos In_Salvos It an EEG term, it mean they occur one after anoth or repetitively. in salvo in salvos it's an eeg term, it means they occur one after another or repetitively. In_Salvos ESSO:Incidence Incidence incid incidence Incidence ESSO:Incontinence Incontinence Bancaud 1981 Incontin bancaud 1981 incontinence incontin incontinence Incontinence ESSO:Increase_in_Tone Increase_in_Tone increas in tone increase in tone Increase_in_Tone ESSO:Increased_Abdominal_Peristals Increased_Abdominal_Peristals increas abdomin perist increased abdominal peristals Increased_Abdominal_Peristals ESSO:Independent_Temporally Independent_Temporally independ tempor independent temporally Independent_Temporally ESSO:Individual_Muscle Individual_Muscle Bancaud 1981 Individu Muscl bancaud 1981 individual muscle individu muscl individual muscle Individual_Muscle ESSO:Infantile_Behavior Infantile_Behavior Bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior infantil behavior infantile behavior Infantile_Behavior ESSO:Infantile_Spasm_Cryptogenic_Group Infantile_Spasm_Cryptogenic_Group d0000595 infantil spasm cryptogen group infantile spasm cryptogenic group Infantile_Spasm_Cryptogenic_Group ESSO:Infantile_Spasm_Symptomatic_Group Infantile_Spasm_Symptomatic_Group d0000596 infantil spasm symptomat group infantile spasm symptomatic group Infantile_Spasm_Symptomatic_Group ESSO:Infectious_Agents Infectious_Agents infecti agent infectious agents Infectious_Agents ESSO:Infectious_Disease Infectious_Disease Scheuermann 2009 Infectious Disorder: A disord whose etiolog includ the presenc of a pathogen organ within a host organ or an abnorm imbal in the normal resid organism flora. Infectious Disease: A diseas whose physic basi is an infecti disorder. Examples: transient: season flu; chronic: genit herpes; progressive: Ebola hemorrhag fever. Secondari Infection =def. – A disord consist in the presenc of a pathogen organ within a host organ that occur due to the disposit establish by a prior infect with a pathogen organ of a differ kind (e.g. cryptosporidiosi in a patient suffer from AIDS). infecti diseas infectious disease scheuermann 2009 infectious disorder: a disorder whose etiology includes the presence of a pathogenic organism within a host organism or an abnormal imbalance in the normal resident organismal flora. infectious disease: a disease whose physical basis is an infectious disorder. examples: transient: seasonal flu; chronic: genital herpes; progressive: ebola hemorrhagic fever. secondary infection =def. – a disorder consisting in the presence of a pathogenic organism within a host organism that occurs due to the disposition established by a prior infection with a pathogenic organism of a different kind (e.g. cryptosporidiosis in a patient suffering from aids). Infectious_Disease ESSO:Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus Tancr 2005 The triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus of the domin hemispher form Broca motor speech area, which control the product of the correct sound in speech. Structures: Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Gyrus Rectus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Sulcus Later Fissur Limbic Area Middl Frontal Gyrus Motor Speech (Broca's) Area Olfactori Sulcus Olfactori Tract Orbital Gyri Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Orbitali (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G.) Precentr Gyrus Precentr Sulcus Prefront Area Premotor Area Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Frontal Sulcus Triangular Sulcus Information: The frontal lobe occupi the anterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the frontal pole posterior to the central sulcus and is bound inferior by the later fissure. On the medial surfac it extend posterior to an imaginari line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. Sulci and Gyri: The superolater surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direct and the precentr gyrus which extend vertic downwards. The superior and inferior frontal gyri are separ by the superior frontal sulcus and the middl and inferior gyri are separ by the inferior frontal sulcus. The precentr sulcus separ the precentr gyrus from the frontal gyri. The inferior frontal gyrus is divid from anterior to posterior into the par orbitalis, par triangulari and par operculari by the triangular sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus extend onto the medial surfac as far as the cingul gyrus, the anterior part of which is also includ in the frontal lobe. The inferior surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the orbit gyri, which overli the boni roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). The orbit gyri and gyrus rectus are separ by the olfactori sulcus, which contain the olfactori tract. Function Areas: The frontal lobe includ a number of import function areas: (1) Primari motor area - locat on the precentr gyrus. (2) Premotor area - locat on the anterior part of the precentr gyrus and the adjac part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. (3) Prefront area - which includ the remaind of the superior and middl frontal gyri, the orbit part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbit gyri. (4) Motor Speech (Broca's) Area - locat on the triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) Limbic Area - locat on the cingul gyrus. inferior frontal gyrus tancred 2005 the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere form broca's motor speech area, which controls the production of the correct sounds in speech. structures: central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum gyrus rectus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal sulcus lateral fissure limbic area middle frontal gyrus motor speech (broca's) area olfactory sulcus olfactory tract orbital gyri pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars orbitalis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g.) precentral gyrus precentral sulcus prefrontal area premotor area primary motor area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal sulcus triangular sulcus information: the frontal lobe occupies the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the frontal pole posteriorly to the central sulcus and is bounded inferiorly by the lateral fissure. on the medial surface it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. sulci and gyri: the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direction and the precentral gyrus which extends vertically downwards. the superior and inferior frontal gyri are separated by the superior frontal sulcus and the middle and inferior gyri are separated by the inferior frontal sulcus. the precentral sulcus separates the precentral gyrus from the frontal gyri. the inferior frontal gyrus is divided from anterior to posterior into the pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis by the triangular sulcus. the superior frontal gyrus extends onto the medial surface as far as the cingulate gyrus, the anterior part of which is also included in the frontal lobe. the inferior surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the orbital gyri, which overlie the bony roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). the orbital gyri and gyrus rectus are separated by the olfactory sulcus, which contains the olfactory tract. functional areas: the frontal lobe includes a number of important functional areas: (1) primary motor area - located on the precentral gyrus. (2) premotor area - located on the anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the adjacent parts of the superior and middle frontal gyri. (3) prefrontal area - which includes the remainder of the superior and middle frontal gyri, the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital gyri. (4) motor speech (broca's) area - located on the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) limbic area - located on the cingulate gyrus. Inferior_Frontal_Gyrus ESSO:Inferior_Parietal_Lobule Inferior_Parietal_Lobule Tancr 2005 The Inferior Pariet Lobul is import in the comprehens of verbal information. Structures: Collater Sulcus Corpus Callosum Hippocamp Gyrus Inferior Tempor Gyrus Inferior Tempor Sulcus Later Fissur Later Ventricl Middl Tempor Gyrus Occipitotempor Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Auditori Area Primari Olfactori Area Superior Tempor Gyrus Superior Tempor Sulcus Transvers Tempor Gyrus Uncus Information: The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. inferior pariet lobul inferior parietal lobule tancred 2005 the inferior parietal lobule is important in the comprehension of verbal information. structures: collateral sulcus corpus callosum hippocampal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus inferior temporal sulcus lateral fissure lateral ventricle middle temporal gyrus occipitotemporal gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary auditory area primary olfactory area superior temporal gyrus superior temporal sulcus transverse temporal gyrus uncus information: the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Inferior_Parietal_Lobule ESSO:Inferior_Temporal_Gyrus Inferior_Temporal_Gyrus Tancr 2005 The inferior tempor gyrus is part of the associ cortex of the tempor lobe. Structures: Collater Sulcus Corpus Callosum Hippocamp Gyrus Inferior Tempor Gyrus Inferior Tempor Sulcus Later Fissur Later Ventricl Middl Tempor Gyrus Occipitotempor Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Auditori Area Primari Olfactori Area Superior Tempor Gyrus Superior Tempor Sulcus Transvers Tempor Gyrus Uncus Information: Boundaries: On the later surfac the tempor lobe is bound posterior by the imaginari line extend downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. It is bound superior by the later fissur and a horizont line extend from the later fissur to meet the imaginari line just described. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior by a line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipit notch. Gyri and Sulci: The later surfac of the tempor lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior tempor gyri, which are separ from each other by the superior and inferior tempor sulci. The superior surfac of the superior tempor gyrus, which form the floor of the later fissure, is thrown into sever transvers orient folds, which are call the transvers tempor gyri (of Heschl). The inferomedi surfac of the tempor lobe is form by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocamp gyrus, the occipitotempor gyrus and the inferior tempor gyrus. The occipitotempor gyrus is separ from the parahippocamp gyrus by the collater sulcus and from the inferior tempor gyrus by the occipitotempor sulcus. The rostral part of the parahippocamp gyrus hook backward to form a bump on it medial surfac call the uncus. Above the parahippocamp gyrus (not visibl from the inferior surface) is the hippocamp gyrus, which actual form the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the later ventricle. Specif Function Areas: (1) Primari Auditori Area - locat on the transvers tempor gyri. (2) Primari Olfactori Area - locat on the uncus. inferior tempor gyrus inferior temporal gyrus tancred 2005 the inferior temporal gyrus is part of the association cortex of the temporal lobe. structures: collateral sulcus corpus callosum hippocampal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus inferior temporal sulcus lateral fissure lateral ventricle middle temporal gyrus occipitotemporal gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary auditory area primary olfactory area superior temporal gyrus superior temporal sulcus transverse temporal gyrus uncus information: boundaries: on the lateral surface the temporal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the imaginary line extending downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. it is bounded superiorly by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line extending from the lateral fissure to meet the imaginary line just described. on the medial surface it is bounded posteriorly by a line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipital notch. gyri and sulci: the lateral surface of the temporal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, which are separated from each other by the superior and inferior temporal sulci. the superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus, which forms the floor of the lateral fissure, is thrown into several transversely oriented folds, which are called the transverse temporal gyri (of heschl). the inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe is formed by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocampal gyrus, the occipitotemporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. the occipitotemporal gyrus is separated from the parahippocampal gyrus by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus by the occipitotemporal sulcus. the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus hooks backward to form a bump on its medial surface called the uncus. above the parahippocampal gyrus (not visible from the inferior surface) is the hippocampal gyrus, which actually forms the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle. specific functional areas: (1) primary auditory area - located on the transverse temporal gyri. (2) primary olfactory area - located on the uncus. Inferior_Temporal_Gyrus ESSO:Inheritance Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Hereditari predisposition, Inherit Luder 1998 Berg 2010 Hereditari predisposit bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 hereditary predisposition, inheritance luders 1998 berg 2010 hereditary predisposition inherit inheritance Inheritance ESSO:Inherited_Metabolic_Disorder Inherited_Metabolic_Disorder Engel 2001 Inherit metabol disord d0000604 engel 2001 inherited metabolic disorders inherit metabol disord inherited metabolic disorder Inherited_Metabolic_Disorder ESSO:Initiation_of_Motor_Activity Initiation_of_Motor_Activity Blume 2001 Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech initi of motor activ initiation of motor activity Initiation_of_Motor_Activity ESSO:Injection_of_Convulsant_Drug_Activation_Procedure Injection_of_Convulsant_Drug_Activation_Procedure inject of convuls drug activ procedur injection of convulsant drug activation procedure Injection_of_Convulsant_Drug_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Insensitive_to_Touch Insensitive_to_Touch Bancaud 1981 Conjunctiva is insensit bancaud 1981 conjunctiva is insensitive insensit to touch insensitive to touch Insensitive_to_Touch ESSO:Intellectual_Disability Intellectual_Disability intellectu disabl intellectual disability Intellectual_Disability ESSO:Interactive_Automotor_Seizure Interactive_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Interactive: Not stereotyped, involv more than self, environment influenced. blume 2001 interactive: not stereotyped, involve more than self, environmentally influenced. interact automotor seizur interactive automotor seizure Interactive_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Interactive_Automotor_Status Interactive_Automotor_Status interact automotor status interactive automotor status Interactive_Automotor_Status ESSO:Intermittent Intermittent intermitt intermittent Intermittent ESSO:Intermittent_Photic_Stimulation_Activation_Procedure Intermittent_Photic_Stimulation_Activation_Procedure intermitt photic stimul activ procedur intermittent photic stimulation activation procedure Intermittent_Photic_Stimulation_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Intermixed_Period Intermixed_Period intermix period intermixed period Intermixed_Period ESSO:Interruption Interruption Bancaud 1981 Interrupt of ongo activ Speaking-->speech is slow or interrupt walking-->stand transfix eating--> food stop bancaud 1981 interruption of ongoing activity speaking-->speech is slowed or interrupted walking-->stands transfixed eating--> food stops interrupt interruption Interruption ESSO:Interval Interval interv interval Interval ESSO:Intracranial_EEG Intracranial_EEG intracrani e e g intracranial e e g Intracranial_EEG ESSO:Intraparenchymal_Hemorrhage Intraparenchymal_Hemorrhage intraparenchym hemorrhag intraparenchymal hemorrhage Intraparenchymal_Hemorrhage ESSO:Intraparietal_Sulcus Intraparietal_Sulcus Tancr 2005 The intrapariet sulcus separ the superior and inferior pariet lobules. Structures: Angular Gyrus Calcarin Sulcus Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Frontal Lobe Inferior Pariet Lobul Intrapariet Sulcus Later Fissur Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Postcentr Gyrus Postcentr Sulcus Precuneus Primari Somatosensori Area Recept Speech Area Superior Pariet Lobul Superior Tempor Sulcus Supramargin Gyrus Information: The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. intrapariet sulcus intraparietal sulcus tancred 2005 the intraparietal sulcus separates the superior and inferior parietal lobules. structures: angular gyrus calcarine sulcus central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum frontal lobe inferior parietal lobule intraparietal sulcus lateral fissure occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus postcentral gyrus postcentral sulcus precuneus primary somatosensory area receptive speech area superior parietal lobule superior temporal sulcus supramarginal gyrus information: the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Intraparietal_Sulcus ESSO:Intraventricular_Foramen Intraventricular_Foramen intraventricular foramen Intraventricular_Foramen ESSO:Intraventricular_Hemorrhage Intraventricular_Hemorrhage intraventricular hemorrhag intraventricular hemorrhage Intraventricular_Hemorrhage ESSO:Invariant_Burst_Suppression Invariant_Burst_Suppression invari burst suppress invariant burst suppression Invariant_Burst_Suppression ESSO:Inversion_Duplication_15_Syndrome Inversion_Duplication_15_Syndrome Engel 2001 Inversion duplic 15 syndrom engel 2001 inversion duplication 15 syndrome invers duplic 15 syndrom inversion duplication 15 syndrome Inversion_Duplication_15_Syndrome ESSO:Ipsilateral Ipsilateral ipsilater ipsilateral Ipsilateral ESSO:Ipsilateral_Semiology Ipsilateral_Semiology ipsilater semiolog ipsilateral semiology Ipsilateral_Semiology ESSO:Irregular_Occurrence Irregular_Occurrence Blume 2001 Irregular: inconsist or unpredictable, chaotic interv between such events. blume 2001 irregular: inconsistent or unpredictable, chaotic intervals between such events. irregular occurr irregular occurrence Irregular_Occurrence ESSO:Irregular_Period Irregular_Period Bancaud 1981 Irregular Noachter 1999 Irregular: Appli to EEG wave and complex of inconst period and/or uneven contour. Blume 2001 Irregular: inconsist or unpredictable, chaotic interv between such events. bancaud 1981 irregular noachter 1999 irregular: applies to eeg waves and complexes of inconstant period and/or uneven contour. blume 2001 irregular: inconsistent or unpredictable, chaotic intervals between such events. irregular period Irregular_Period ESSO:Isolated Isolated Bancaud 1981 Noachter 1999 Isolated: Occur singly. bancaud 1981 noachter 1999 isolated: occurring singly. isol isolated Isolated ESSO:Isolated_Seizures Isolated_Seizures isol seizur isolated seizures Isolated_Seizures ESSO:Isolated_Status_Epilepticus Isolated_Status_Epilepticus isol status epilepticus isolated status epilepticus Isolated_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Jacksonian_Seizure Jacksonian_Seizure jacksonian seizur jacksonian seizure Jacksonian_Seizure ESSO:Jamais-Entendu Jamais-Entendu Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experience. If a previous experienc auditori sensat had not been experienced. bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience. if a previously experienced auditory sensation had not been experienced. jamais- entendu Jamais-Entendu ESSO:Janz_Syndrome Janz_Syndrome d0000611 janz syndrom janz syndrome Janz_Syndrome ESSO:Jaw Jaw bancaud 1981 jaw Jaw ESSO:Jerk Jerk jerk Jerk ESSO:Joy Joy Joy ESSO:Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy_JAE Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy_JAE ILAE 1989 Juvenil Absenc Epilepsi The absenc of juvenil absenc epilepsi are the same as in pyknolepsy, but absenc with retropuls movement are less common. Manifest occur around puberty. Seizur frequenc is lower than in pyknolepsy, with absenc occur less frequent than everi day, most sporadically. Associat with GTCS is frequent, and GTCS preced the absenc manifest more often than in childhood absenc epilepsy, often occur on awakening. Not infrequently, the patient also have myoclon seizures. Sex distribut is equal. The spike-wav are often >3 Hz. Respons to therapi is excellent. Engel 2001 Juvenil Absenc Epilepsi ILAE 2010 Juvenil Absenc Epilepsi ilae 1989 juvenile absence epilepsy the absences of juvenile absence epilepsy are the same as in pyknolepsy, but absences with retropulsive movements are less common. manifestation occurs around puberty. seizure frequency is lower than in pyknolepsy, with absences occurring less frequently than every day, mostly sporadically. association with gtcs is frequent, and gtcs precede the absence manifestations more often than in childhood absence epilepsy, often occurring on awakening. not infrequently, the patients also have myoclonic seizures. sex distribution is equal. the spike-waves are often >3 hz. response to therapy is excellent. engel 2001 juvenile absence epilepsy ilae 2010 juvenile absence epilepsy juvenil absenc epilepsi j a e juvenile absence epilepsy j a e Juvenile_Absence_Epilepsy_JAE ESSO:Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_JME Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_JME ILAE 1989 Impulsiv petit mal appear around puberti and is character by seizur with bilateral, singl or repetitive, arrhythmic, irregular myoclon jerks, predomin in the arms. Jerk may caus some patient to fall suddenly. No disturb of conscious is noticeable. The disord may be inherited, and sex distribut is equal. Often, there are GTCS and, less often, infrequ absences. The seizur usual occur short after awaken and are often precipit by sleep deprivation. Interict and ictal EEG have rapid, generalized, often irregular spike-wav and polyspike-waves; there is no close phase correl between EEG spike and jerks. Frequently, the patient are photosensitive. Respons to appropri drug is good. Juvenil myoclon epilepsi is known to be subject to an elev risk of seizur for sever decades, but remiss do still occur. Engel 2001 Juvenil Myoclon Epilepsi ilae 1989 impulsive petit mal appears around puberty and is characterized by seizures with bilateral, single or repetitive, arrhythmic, irregular myoclonic jerks, predominantly in the arms. jerks may cause some patients to fall suddenly. no disturbance of consciousness is noticeable. the disorder may be inherited, and sex distribution is equal. often, there are gtcs and, less often, infrequent absences. the seizures usually occur shortly after awakening and are often precipitated by sleep deprivation. interictal and ictal eeg have rapid, generalized, often irregular spike-waves and polyspike-waves; there is no close phase correlation between eeg spikes and jerks. frequently, the patients are photosensitive. response to appropriate drugs is good. juvenile myoclonic epilepsy is known to be subject to an elevated risk of seizures for several decades, but remissions do still occur. engel 2001 juvenile myoclonic epilepsy juvenil myoclon epilepsi j m e juvenile myoclonic epilepsy j m e Juvenile_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_JME ESSO:KCNA2_Gene KCNA2_Gene k c n a2 gene KCNA2_Gene ESSO:KCNB1_Gene KCNB1_Gene k c n b1 gene KCNB1_Gene ESSO:KCNQ2_Gene KCNQ2_Gene k c n q2 gene KCNQ2_Gene ESSO:KCNT1_Gene KCNT1_Gene k c n t1 gene KCNT1_Gene ESSO:K_Complex K_Complex Noachter 1999 K Complex: A burst of somewhat variabl appearance, consist most common of a high voltag negat slow wave follow by a smaller posit slow wave frequent associ with a sleep spindle. Amplitud is general maxim in the frontal vertex. K complex occur dure non- REM sleep, appar spontaneously, or in respons to sudden sensori stimuli, and are not specif for ani individu sensori modal (see vertex sharp transient). k complex noachter 1999 k complex: a burst of somewhat variable appearance, consisting most commonly of a high voltage negative slow wave followed by a smaller positive slow wave frequently associated with a sleep spindle. amplitude is generally maximal in the frontal vertex. k complexes occur during non- rem sleep, apparently spontaneously, or in response to sudden sensory stimuli, and are not specific for any individual sensory modality (see vertex sharp transient). K_Complex ESSO:Kinsbourne_Syndrome Kinsbourne_Syndrome kinsbourn syndrom kinsbourne syndrome Kinsbourne_Syndrome ESSO:Kojewnikows_Syndrome Kojewnikows_Syndrome ILAE 1989 Kojewnikow’ syndrome. Two type of Kojewnikow’ syndrom are recognized, one of which is also known as Rasmussen’ syndrom and is includ among the epilept syndrom of childhood note under symptomat seizures. The other type repres a particular form of roland partial epilepsi in both adult and children and is relat to a variabl lesion of the motor cortex. Its princip featur are (a) motor partial seizures, alway well localized; (b) often late appear of myoclonus in the same site where somatomotor seizur occur; (c) an EEG with normal background activ and a focal paroxysm abnorm (spike and slow waves); (d) occurr at ani age in childhood and adulthood; (e) frequent demonstr etiolog (tumor, vascular); and (f) no progress evolut of the syndrom (clinical, electroencephalograph or psychological, except in relat to the evolut of the causal lesion). This condit may result from mitochondrialencephalopathi (MELAS). NOTE: Anatom origin of some epilepsi are difficult to assign to specif lobes. Such epilepsi includ those with pre- and postcentr symptomatolog (periroland seizures). Such overlap to adjac anatom region also occur in opercular epilepsy. In frontal lobe epilepsies, the interict scalp record may show (a) no abnormality; (b) sometim background asymmetry, frontal spike or sharp waves; or (c) sharp wave or slow wave (either unilater or frequent bilater or unilater multilobar). Intracrani record can sometim distinguish unilater from bilater involvement. In frontal lobe seizures, various EEG pattern can accompani the initi clinic symptomatology. Uncommonly, the EEG abnorm preced the seizur onset and then provid import local information, such as: (a) frontal or multilobar, often bilateral, low-amplitud fast activity, mix spikes, rhythmic spikes, rhythmic spike waves, or rhythmic slow waves; or (b) bilater high amplitud singl sharp wave follow by diffus flattening. Depend on the methodology, intracrani record may provid addit inform regard the chronolog and spatial evolut of the discharges; local may be difficult. ilae 1989 kojewnikow’s syndrome. two types of kojewnikow’s syndrome are recognized, one of which is also known as rasmussen’s syndrome and is included among the epileptic syndromes of childhood noted under symptomatic seizures. the other type represents a particular form of rolandic partial epilepsy in both adults and children and is related to a variable lesion of the motor cortex. its principal features are (a) motor partial seizures, always well localized; (b) often late appearance of myoclonus in the same site where somatomotor seizures occur; (c) an eeg with normal background activity and a focal paroxysmal abnormality (spikes and slow waves); (d) occurrence at any age in childhood and adulthood; (e) frequently demonstrable etiology (tumor, vascular); and (f) no progressive evolution of the syndrome (clinical, electroencephalographic or psychological, except in relation to the evolution of the causal lesion). this condition may result from mitochondrialencephalopathy (melas). note: anatomical origins of some epilepsies are difficult to assign to specific lobes. such epilepsies include those with pre- and postcentral symptomatology (perirolandic seizures). such overlap to adjacent anatomic regions also occurs in opercular epilepsy. in frontal lobe epilepsies, the interictal scalp recordings may show (a) no abnormality; (b) sometimes background asymmetry, frontal spikes or sharp waves; or (c) sharp waves or slow waves (either unilateral or frequently bilateral or unilateral multilobar). intracranial recordings can sometimes distinguish unilateral from bilateral involvement. in frontal lobe seizures, various eeg patterns can accompany the initial clinical symptomatology. uncommonly, the eeg abnormality precedes the seizure onset and then provides important localizing information, such as: (a) frontal or multilobar, often bilateral, low-amplitude fast activity, mixed spikes, rhythmic spikes, rhythmic spike waves, or rhythmic slow waves; or (b) bilateral high amplitude single sharp waves followed by diffuse flattening. depending on the methodology, intracranial recordings may provide additional information regarding the chronologic and spatial evolution of the discharges; localization may be difficult. kojewnikow syndrom kojewnikows syndrome Kojewnikows_Syndrome ESSO:Kufs_Disease Kufs_Disease ILAE 1989 Kuf’ diseas (adult ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a relat slow, progress storag diseas with frequent general seizur that may be veri intractable. Unlike juvenil storag disease, the optic fundi may be normal. The main characterist is an extrem photic sensit on slow photic stimulation. ilae 1989 kuf’s disease (adult ceroid lipofuscinosis) is a relatively slow, progressive storage disease with frequent generalized seizures that may be very intractable. unlike juvenile storage disease, the optic fundi may be normal. the main characteristic is an extreme photic sensitivity on slow photic stimulation. kuf diseas kufs disease Kufs_Disease ESSO:Laboratory_Test Laboratory_Test Scheuermann 2009 Laboratori Test: A measur assay that has as input a patient-deriv specimen, and as output a result repres a qualiti of the specimen. laboratori test laboratory test scheuermann 2009 laboratory test: a measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen, and as output a result representing a quality of the specimen. Laboratory_Test ESSO:Lactate_Metabolism_Abnormality Lactate_Metabolism_Abnormality d0000620 lactat metabol abnorm lactate metabolism abnormality Lactate_Metabolism_Abnormality ESSO:Landau-Kleffner_Syndrome_LKS Landau-Kleffner_Syndrome_LKS Engel 2001 Landau-Kleffn Syndrom ILAE 2010 Landau-Kleffn Syndrom (LKS) Fischer 2014 continu spike and wave dure sleep and the Landau-Kleffn Syndrom engel 2001 landau-kleffner syndrome ilae 2010 landau-kleffner syndrome (lks) fischer 2014 continuous spike and waves during sleep and the landau-kleffner syndrome landau- kleffner syndrom l k s landau- kleffner syndrome l k s Landau-Kleffner_Syndrome_LKS ESSO:Language_Receptive Language_Receptive languag recept language receptive Language_Receptive ESSO:Language_Related Language_Related languag relat language related Language_Related ESSO:Large_Amplitude Large_Amplitude larg amplitud large amplitude Large_Amplitude ESSO:Late_Onset_Occipital_Epilepsy Late_Onset_Occipital_Epilepsy d0000625 late onset occipit epilepsi late onset occipital epilepsy Late_Onset_Occipital_Epilepsy ESSO:Lateral_Fissure Lateral_Fissure Tancr 2005 Function: The later (Sylvian) fissure, which result from the meassiv growth of the cerebr hemispher in primates, separ the tempor lobe from the frontal and pariet lobes. Structures: Cerebr Hemispher Frontal Lobe Insula Pariet Lobe Superior Tempor Gyrus Tempor Lobe Transvers Tempor Gyrus Information: The Later Fissur (or Fissur of Sylvius) is a deep furrow on the inferior and later surfac of the cerebr hemisphere. On the inferior surfac it extend between the frontal and tempor lobe and on the later surfac it separ the tempor lobe from the frontal and pariet lobes. The portion of the temporal, pariet and frontal lobe which surround the later fissur are refer to as the temporal, pariet and frontal opercula respectively. The tempor operculum is form by the superior tempor gyrus and extend inward from this, the transvers tempor gyri. Gentl separ of the lip of the later fissur expos an area of cortex, call the insula. It is buri within the depth of the fissur and hidden from surfac view by the frontal, pariet and tempor opercula which effectivley form a lid over the it ('operculum is latin for lid). later fissur lateral fissure tancred 2005 function: the lateral (sylvian) fissure, which results from the meassive growth of the cerebral hemispheres in primates, separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. structures: cerebral hemisphere frontal lobe insula parietal lobe superior temporal gyrus temporal lobe transverse temporal gyrus information: the lateral fissure (or fissure of sylvius) is a deep furrow on the inferior and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere. on the inferior surface it extends between the frontal and temporal lobes and on the lateral surface it separates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes. the portions of the temporal, parietal and frontal lobes which surround the lateral fissure are referred to as the temporal, parietal and frontal opercula respectively. the temporal operculum is formed by the superior temporal gyrus and extending inwards from this, the transverse temporal gyri. gentle separation of the lips of the lateral fissure exposes an area of cortex, called the insula. it is buried within the depths of the fissure and hidden from surface view by the frontal, parietal and temporal opercula which effectivley form a lid over the it ('operculum' is latin for lid). Lateral_Fissure ESSO:Lateral_Parietal_Lobe Lateral_Parietal_Lobe later pariet lobe lateral parietal lobe Lateral_Parietal_Lobe ESSO:Lateral_Temporal_Seizures Lateral_Temporal_Seizures ILAE 1989 Later tempor seizures. Simpl seizur character by auditori hallucin or illus or dreami states, visual misperceptions, or languag disord in case of languag domin hemispher focus. These may progress to complex partial seizur if propag to mesial tempor or extratempor structur occur. The scalp EEG show unilater or bilater midtempor or posterior tempor spike which are most promin in the later derivations. ilae 1989 lateral temporal seizures. simple seizures characterized by auditory hallucinations or illusions or dreamy states, visual misperceptions, or language disorders in case of language dominant hemisphere focus. these may progress to complex partial seizures if propagation to mesial temporal or extratemporal structures occur. the scalp eeg shows unilateral or bilateral midtemporal or posterior temporal spikes which are most prominent in the lateral derivations. later tempor seizur lateral temporal seizures Lateral_Temporal_Seizures ESSO:Laterality Laterality Noachter 1999 Lateralized: Involv main the right or left side of the head (see unilateral; regional). later laterality noachter 1999 lateralized: involving mainly the right or left side of the head (see unilateral; regional). Laterality ESSO:Laterality_of_Semiology Laterality_of_Semiology later of semiolog laterality of semiology Laterality_of_Semiology ESSO:Lateralizing_Phenomenon Lateralizing_Phenomenon Blume 2001 Lateralizing: Ani unilater postict dysfunct relat to motor, language, sensory, and/or integr function includ visual, auditory, or somatosensori neglect phenomena. blume 2001 lateralizing: any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory, and/or integrative functions including visual, auditory, or somatosensory neglect phenomena. later phenomenon lateralizing phenomenon Lateralizing_Phenomenon ESSO:Laughing Laughing bancaud 1981 laughter laugh laughing Laughing ESSO:Leaning Leaning Bancaud 1981 head tonic drawn to one or anoth side bancaud 1981 head tonically drawn to one or another side lean leaning Leaning ESSO:Left Left Luder 1998 Left The term left and right refer strict to the somatotop local of the symptoms, not the brain region. left luders 1998 left the terms left and right refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the symptoms, not the brain region. Left ESSO:Left_Anterior_Quadrant Left_Anterior_Quadrant left anterior quadrant Left_Anterior_Quadrant ESSO:Left_Hemisphere Left_Hemisphere Luder 1998 Left hemispheric. Certain sign may identifi the hemispher of origin of a seizure. These sign includ dyston postur dure a complex motor seizure, preserv of conscious dure an automotor seizure, ictal speech dure an automotor seizure, postict aphasia, and so on. The presenc of ani of these sign strong suggest the hemispher of origin of a seizure. This local inform is includ in the classif by use the modifi “left or right hemispheric.” These modifi can be use to describ the seizur mark by superscript b in Tabl 1. Example: A dialept seizur preced by an abdomin aura and follow by post ictal aphasia should be classifi (if the patient is left-hemispher domin for language) as abdomin aura → left hemispher dialept seizure. An automotor seizur in which there is no loss of conscious and which is associ with dyston postur of the left hand and arm should be classifi as a right hemispher automotor seizure. left hemispher left hemisphere luders 1998 left hemispheric. certain signs may identify the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. these signs include dystonic posturing during a complex motor seizure, preservation of consciousness during an automotor seizure, ictal speech during an automotor seizure, postictal aphasia, and so on. the presence of any of these signs strongly suggests the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. this localizing information is included in the classification by using the modifiers “left or right hemispheric.” these modifiers can be used to describe the seizures marked by superscript b in table 1. example: a dialeptic seizure preceded by an abdominal aura and followed by post ictal aphasia should be classified (if the patient is left-hemisphere dominant for language) as abdominal aura → left hemispheric dialeptic seizure. an automotor seizure in which there is no loss of consciousness and which is associated with dystonic posturing of the left hand and arm should be classified as a right hemispheric automotor seizure. Left_Hemisphere ESSO:Left_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Left_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy d0000631 left mesial tempor lobe epilepsi left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy Left_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Left_Posterior_Quadrant Left_Posterior_Quadrant left posterior quadrant Left_Posterior_Quadrant ESSO:Leg Leg Leg ESSO:Lennox-Gastaut_Syndrome_LGS Lennox-Gastaut_Syndrome_LGS ILAE 1989 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrom (LGS) Lennox-Gastaut syndrom manifest itself in children age 1-8 years, but appear main in pre-school-ag children. The most common seizur type are tonic-axial, atonic, and absenc seizures, but other type such as myoclonic, GTCS, or partial are frequent associ with this syndrome. Seizur frequenc is high, and status epilepticus is frequent (stupor state with myoclonias, tonic, and aton seizures). The EEG usual has abnorm background activity, slow spike-wav <3Hz and, often, multifoc abnormalities. Dure sleep, burst of fast rhythm (~10 Hz) appear. In general, there is mental retardation. Seizur are difficult to control, and the develop is most unfavorable. In 60% of cases, the syndrom occur in children suffer from a previous encephalopathy, but is primari in other cases. Engel 2001 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrom ILAE 2010 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrom (LGS) ilae 1989 lennox-gastaut syndrome (lgs) lennox-gastaut syndrome manifests itself in children aged 1-8 years, but appears mainly in pre-school-age children. the most common seizure types are tonic-axial, atonic, and absence seizures, but other types such as myoclonic, gtcs, or partial are frequently associated with this syndrome. seizure frequency is high, and status epilepticus is frequent (stuporous states with myoclonias, tonic, and atonic seizures). the eeg usually has abnormal background activity, slow spike-waves <3hz and, often, multifocal abnormalities. during sleep, bursts of fast rhythms (~10 hz) appear. in general, there is mental retardation. seizures are difficult to control, and the development is mostly unfavorable. in 60% of cases, the syndrome occurs in children suffering from a previous encephalopathy, but is primary in other cases. engel 2001 lennox-gastaut syndrome ilae 2010 lennox-gastaut syndrome (lgs) lennox- gastaut syndrom l g s lennox- gastaut syndrome l g s Lennox-Gastaut_Syndrome_LGS ESSO:Lesion_Due_To_CVI Lesion_Due_To_CVI Engel 2001 Lesion due to cerebrovascular incid (CVI) engel 2001 lesion due to cerebrovascular incident (cvi) lesion due to c v i Lesion_Due_To_CVI ESSO:Lesion_Due_To_HIV Lesion_Due_To_HIV engel 2001 lesion due to hiv lesion due to h i v Lesion_Due_To_HIV ESSO:Lesion_Due_To_Toxoplasmosis Lesion_Due_To_Toxoplasmosis Engel 2001 Lesion due to toxoplasmosi engel 2001 lesion due to toxoplasmosis lesion due to toxoplasmosi lesion due to toxoplasmosis Lesion_Due_To_Toxoplasmosis ESSO:Lethargic Lethargic letharg lethargic Lethargic ESSO:Licking Licking Bancaud 1981 Lip lick bancaud 1981 lip licking lick licking Licking ESSO:Light-Headedness Light-Headedness Blume 2001 Cephalic: Sensat in the head such as light-headedness, tingl or headache. blume 2001 cephalic: sensation in the head such as light-headedness, tingling or headache. light- headed light- headedness Light-Headedness ESSO:Light_Sleep Light_Sleep Noachter 1999 Light Sleep: Non-REM sleep stage 1 and 2 (Rechtschaffen and Kale 1968). light sleep noachter 1999 light sleep: non-rem sleep stages 1 and 2 (rechtschaffen and kales 1968). Light_Sleep ESSO:Lightning Lightning lightn lightning Lightning ESSO:Limb Limb Bancaud 1981 Limb bancaud 1981 limbs limb Limb ESSO:Lingual_Epilepsy Lingual_Epilepsy d0000636 lingual epilepsi lingual epilepsy Lingual_Epilepsy ESSO:Lingual_Gyrus Lingual_Gyrus Trancr 2005 The Lingual Gyrus form the lower bank of the calcarin sulcus, which is the part of the primari visual area which process inform concern the superior part of the visual field. Structures: Calcarin Sulcus Cuneus Lingual Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Visual Area Information: The occipit lobe occupi the posterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it is locat posterior to an imaginari line extend from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the pre-occipit notch. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior to the parieto-occipit fissur and by an imaginari line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the pre-occipit notch. Sulci and Gyri: The medial surfac of the occipit lobe is divid into two part by the calcarin sulcus, a deep groov which extend posterior from the parieto-occipit fissur to the posterior pole. The cuneus is the wedge-shap area which lie between the parieto-occipit fissur and the calcarin sulcus. The inferior bank of the calcarin sulcus is form by the lingual gyrus, a posterior extens of the parahippocamp gyrus of the tempor lobe. The later surfac of the occipit lobe is form by some inconstantly-shap gyri, which are collect refer to as the later occipit gyri. Function Areas: The occipit lobe contain the primari visual area of the cortex, which is locat around the calcarin sulcus. Onli a thin strip of the primari visual cortex is visibl on the medial surfac of the brain (on either side of the calacarin sulcus) becaus most of it is buri within the depth of the sulcus. lingual gyrus trancred 2005 the lingual gyrus forms the lower bank of the calcarine sulcus, which is the part of the primary visual area which processes information concerning the superior part of the visual field. structures: calcarine sulcus cuneus lingual gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary visual area information: the occipital lobe occupies the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it is located posterior to an imaginary line extending from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch. on the medial surface it is bounded posterior to the parieto-occipital fissure and by an imaginary line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the pre-occipital notch. sulci and gyri: the medial surface of the occipital lobe is divided into two parts by the calcarine sulcus, a deep groove which extends posteriorly from the parieto-occipital fissure to the posterior pole. the cuneus is the wedge-shaped area which lies between the parieto-occipital fissure and the calcarine sulcus. the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus is formed by the lingual gyrus, a posterior extension of the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe. the lateral surface of the occipital lobe is formed by some inconstantly-shaped gyri, which are collectively referred to as the lateral occipital gyri. functional areas: the occipital lobe contains the primary visual area of the cortex, which is located around the calcarine sulcus. only a thin strip of the primary visual cortex is visible on the medial surface of the brain (on either side of the calacarine sulcus) because most of it is buried within the depths of the sulcus. Lingual_Gyrus ESSO:Lip_Smacking Lip_Smacking lip smack lip smacking Lip_Smacking ESSO:Lips Lips lips Lips ESSO:Lissencephaly_Pachygyria Lissencephaly_Pachygyria ILAE 1989 Lissencephaly-pachygyriai character by facial abnorm and specif comput tomographi (CT) scan features, axial hypotonia, and infantil spasms. The EEG show fast activ of high voltag “alpha-like” pattern without chang dure wake and sleep. ilae 1989 lissencephaly-pachygyriais characterized by facial abnormalities and specific computed tomography (ct) scan features, axial hypotonia, and infantile spasms. the eeg shows fast activity of high voltage “alpha-like” patterns without change during wakefulness and sleep. lissencephali pachygyria lissencephaly pachygyria Lissencephaly_Pachygyria ESSO:Localization-Related_Seizures_with_Specific_Modes_of_Precipitation Localization-Related_Seizures_with_Specific_Modes_of_Precipitation ILAE 1989 Precipit seizur are those in which environment or intern factor consist preced the attack and are differenti from spontan epilept attack in which precipit factor cannot be identified. Certain nonspecif factor (e.g., sleeplessness, alcohol or drug withdrawal, or hyperventilation) are common precipit and are not specif mode of seizur precipitation. In certain epilept syndromes, the seizur clear may be somewhat more suscept to nonspecif factors, but this is onli occasion use in classifi epilept syndromes. An epilepsi character by specif mode of seizur precipitation, however, is one in which a consist relationship can be recogn between the occurr of one or more defin nonict event and subsequ occurr of a specif stereotyp seizure. Some epilepsi have seizur precipit by specif sensat or percept (the reflex epilepsies) in which seizur occur in respons to discret or specif stimuli. These stimuli are usual limit in individu patient to a singl specif stimulus or a limit number of close relat stimuli. Although the epilepsi which result are usual general and of idiopath nature, certain partial seizur may also occur follow acquir lesions, usual involv tactil or propriocept stimuli. Epilept seizur may also be precipit by sudden arous (startl epilepsy); the stimulus is unexpect in nature. The seizur are usual general tonic but may be partial and are usual symptomatic. Seizur precipit by integr of higher cerebr function such as memori or pattern recognit are most often associ with complex partial epilepsies, but are occasion observ in general epilepsi (such as read epilepsy). Seizur also occur spontan in most such patients. ilae 1989 precipitated seizures are those in which environmental or internal factors consistently precede the attacks and are differentiated from spontaneous epileptic attacks in which precipitating factors cannot be identified. certain nonspecific factors (e.g., sleeplessness, alcohol or drug withdrawal, or hyperventilation) are common precipitators and are not specific modes of seizure precipitation. in certain epileptic syndromes, the seizures clearly may be somewhat more susceptible to nonspecific factors, but this is only occasionally useful in classifying epileptic syndromes. an epilepsy characterized by specific modes of seizure precipitation, however, is one in which a consistent relationship can be recognized between the occurrence of one or more definable nonictal events and subsequent occurrence of a specific stereotyped seizure. some epilepsies have seizures precipitated by specific sensation or perception (the reflex epilepsies) in which seizures occur in response to discrete or specific stimuli. these stimuli are usually limited in individual patients to a single specific stimulus or a limited number of closely related stimuli. although the epilepsies which result are usually generalized and of idiopathic nature, certain partial seizures may also occur following acquired lesions, usually involving tactile or proprioceptive stimuli. epileptic seizures may also be precipitated by sudden arousal (startle epilepsy); the stimulus is unexpected in nature. the seizures are usually generalized tonic but may be partial and are usually symptomatic. seizures precipitated by integration of higher cerebral function such as memory or pattern recognition are most often associated with complex partial epilepsies, but are occasionally observed in generalized epilepsies (such as reading epilepsy). seizures also occur spontaneously in most such patients. localization- relat seizur with specif mode of precipit localization- related seizures with specific modes of precipitation Localization-Related_Seizures_with_Specific_Modes_of_Precipitation ESSO:Localization_Related Localization_Related local relat localization related Localization_Related ESSO:Localized Localized bancaud 1981 local local localized Localized ESSO:Localized_Semiology Localized_Semiology local semiolog localized semiology Localized_Semiology ESSO:Location Location Blume 2001 Bodi Part: Refer to area involv (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). blume 2001 body part: refers to area involved (i.e., arm, leg, face, trunk, and other). locat location Location ESSO:Location_Of_Semiologic_Seizure Location_Of_Semiologic_Seizure locat of semiolog seizur location of semiologic seizure Location_Of_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Location_of_Onset Location_of_Onset locat of onset location of onset Location_of_Onset ESSO:Long_Seizure Long_Seizure long seizur long seizure Long_Seizure ESSO:Long_Wave Long_Wave long wave Long_Wave ESSO:Longitudinal_Fissure Longitudinal_Fissure Tancr 2005 The Longitudin Fissur separ the two cerebr hemispheres. In situ, it is occupi by a sheet of dura mater known as the falx cerebri. Structures: Cerebr Hemispher Information: The longitudin fissur is the deep midlin groov which separ the two cerebr hemispheres. longitudin fissur longitudinal fissure tancred 2005 the longitudinal fissure separates the two cerebral hemispheres. in situ, it is occupied by a sheet of dura mater known as the falx cerebri. structures: cerebral hemisphere information: the longitudinal fissure is the deep midline groove which separates the two cerebral hemispheres. Longitudinal_Fissure ESSO:Loosening Loosening loosen loosening Loosening ESSO:Loss_of_Awareness Loss_of_Awareness Space out Feel like they miss someth loss of awar loss of awareness spacing out feels like they missed something Loss_of_Awareness ESSO:Loss_of_Balance Loss_of_Balance loss of balanc loss of balance Loss_of_Balance ESSO:Loss_of_Consciousness Loss_of_Consciousness Bancaud 1981 Loss of Conscious Languag disord that affect a person abil to communic bancaud 1981 loss of consciousness language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate loss of conscious loss of consciousness Loss_of_Consciousness ESSO:Loss_of_Tone Loss_of_Tone loss of tone Loss_of_Tone ESSO:Low_Voltage Low_Voltage low voltag low voltage Low_Voltage ESSO:Low_Voltage_Fast_Activity Low_Voltage_Fast_Activity Noachter 1999 Low Voltag Fast Activity: Refer to the fast, and often recruiting, activ which can be record at the onset of an ictal discharge, particular in invas EEG record of a seizure. low voltag fast activ low voltage fast activity noachter 1999 low voltage fast activity: refers to the fast, and often recruiting, activity which can be recorded at the onset of an ictal discharge, particularly in invasive eeg recording of a seizure. Low_Voltage_Fast_Activity ESSO:Lower_Prerolandic_Area Lower_Prerolandic_Area lower preroland area lower prerolandic area Lower_Prerolandic_Area ESSO:Luders_1998_1.0_Overview Luders_1998_1.0_Overview Luder 1998 Our seizur classif is base exclus on ictal seizur semiology, either as report by the patient or observ or as analyz direct dure video monitor (Tabl 1). No EEG find or other test result influenc the classification. Ictal symptom can be produc by epilept interfer of one of the follow four “spheres”: a. Sensori sphere.
 b. Conscious sphere. c. Autonom sphere. d. Motor sphere. SUMMARi OF THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEMIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES The semiolog seizur classif outlin abov integr the follow features, which make it particular use for everyday application: 1. The terminolog appli is as succinct as possibl to facilit everyday use. 2. Whenev available, “classical” terminology, well known to general neurologist and epileptologists, has been used. 3. The classif includ a few new terms, such as automotor, hypomotor, hypermotor, and dialept seizures. These new term have been introduc to avoid confus with other term that identifi similar seizur but that are defin not by pure semiolog criteria but by electroclin characterist (see section Dialept seizures). 4. The semiolog seizur classif includ ‘‘somatotop modifiers’’ that permit definit of the somatotop distribut of the ictal symptoms. 5. Each seizur type is consid a component. Differ seizur evolut are express by link the differ seizur type (“components”) by an arrow. Type of seizur evolut are not limit arbitrarily. This classif system should permit scientif studi of the most frequent type of seizur evolutions. 6. Ictal symptom frequent cannot be defin with precis becaus of inadequ inform (for example, a patient may be amnest of the seizur and there may be no wit to the seizur or a wit may provid an incomplet and inaccur history). The semiolog differ classif permit classif of seizur with differ degre of precision. For example, if we believ that the patient had an epilept seizure, we classifi it as “epilept seizure.” If the main manifest was motor, we classifi the seizur as a “motor seizure.” If the main manifest was motor, we classifi the seizur as a “motor seizure.” If the motor seizur affect the right arm but we do not know if it was a simpl or complex motor seizure, we can classifi it as “right arm motor seizure.” If we know that the movement dure the seizur were “simple” (see definit above), but we have difficulti in defin the subtype, we can classifi the seizur as “right arm simpl motor seizure.” And finally, if by histori or direct observ we can establish that the movement of the right arm was of clonic type, we can classifi the seizur in it maximum degre of precision, name as “right arm clonic seizure.” In other words, from left to right in Tabl 1, progress more precis inform is provid about the ictal semiology. ADVANTAGES OF SEMIOLOGICAL SEIZURE CLASSIFICATION Semiolog classif of epilept seizur has the follow advantages: 1. It provid a terminolog that permit clear identif of ictal semiolog featur independ of ani other rest results. 2. It clarifi the differ between seizur classif and epilept syndrom classification. Mani epilept syndrom may be associ with the same type of seizur (when classifi semiologically); therefore, appropri manag of the patient will requir that the physician defin the epilept syndrome. For example, establish that a patient has dialept seizur doe not tell us whether the patient has general epilept syndrom such as absenc epilepsy, which can be treat with ethosuximide, or a focal epilept syndrome, in which ethosuximid is ineffective. 3. A semiolog seizur classif focus the attent of the observ on clinic semiology.
 4. A semiolog seizur classif in which we do not assum a one-to-on relationship between clinic semiolog and other test result promot scientif correl studi between the differ type of seizur (classifi exclus on the basi of ictal semiology) and other test results. Such studi should eventu provid better understand of the signific of differ semiolog features. 5. A semiolog seizur classification, particular if it is comprehensive, can be appli to ani age group. However, certain type of seizur will not occur or will seldom occur in newborn and infant becaus of their incomplet develop nervous system. CONCLUSION In this short outline, we introduc a semiolog seizur classification. The present version—or variant of it-ha been use in daili clinic practic for >10 year in select epilepsi centers. The advantag of a semiolog seizur classif are stressed. luder 1998 1.0 overview luders 1998 1.0 overview luders 1998 our seizure classification is based exclusively on ictal seizure semiology, either as reported by the patient or observers or as analyzed directly during video monitoring (table 1). no eeg findings or other test results influence the classification. ictal symptoms can be produced by epileptic interference of one of the following four “spheres”: a. sensorial sphere.
 b. consciousness sphere. c. autonomic sphere. d. motor sphere. summary of the essential characteristics of the semiological classification of epileptic seizures the semiological seizure classification outlined above integrates the following features, which make it particularly useful for everyday application: 1. the terminology applied is as succinct as possible to facilitate everyday use. 2. whenever available, “classical” terminology, well known to general neurologists and epileptologists, has been used. 3. the classification includes a few new terms, such as automotor, hypomotor, hypermotor, and dialeptic seizures. these new terms have been introduced to avoid confusion with other terms that identify similar seizures but that are defined not by pure semiological criteria but by electroclinical characteristics (see section dialeptic seizures). 4. the semiological seizure classification includes ‘‘somatotopic modifiers’’ that permit definition of the somatotopic distribution of the ictal symptoms. 5. each seizure type is considered a component. different seizure evolutions are expressed by linking the different seizure types (“components”) by an arrow. types of seizure evolution are not limited arbitrarily. this classification system should permit scientific studies of the most frequent type of seizure evolutions. 6. ictal symptoms frequently cannot be defined with precision because of inadequate information (for example, a patient may be amnestic of the seizure and there may be no witness to the seizure or a witness may provide an incomplete and inaccurate history). the semiological difference classification permits classification of seizures with different degrees of precision. for example, if we believe that the patient had an epileptic seizure, we classify it as “epileptic seizure.” if the main manifestation was motor, we classify the seizure as a “motor seizure.” if the main manifestation was motor, we classify the seizure as a “motor seizure.” if the motor seizure affected the right arm but we do not know if it was a simple or complex motor seizure, we can classify it as “right arm motor seizure.” if we know that the movements during the seizure were “simple” (see definition above), but we have difficulty in defining the subtype, we can classify the seizure as “right arm simple motor seizure.” and finally, if by history or direct observation we can establish that the movement of the right arm was of clonic type, we can classify the seizure in its maximum degree of precision, namely as “right arm clonic seizure.” in other words, from left to right in table 1, progressively more precise information is provided about the ictal semiology. advantages of semiological seizure classification semiological classification of epileptic seizures has the following advantages: 1. it provides a terminology that permits clear identification of ictal semiological features independent of any other rest results. 2. it clarifies the difference between seizure classification and epileptic syndrome classification. many epileptic syndromes may be associated with the same types of seizures (when classified semiologically); therefore, appropriate management of the patient will require that the physician define the epileptic syndrome. for example, establishing that a patient has dialeptic seizures does not tell us whether the patient has generalized epileptic syndrome such as absence epilepsy, which can be treated with ethosuximide, or a focal epileptic syndrome, in which ethosuximide is ineffective. 3. a semiological seizure classification focuses the attention of the observer on clinical semiology.
 4. a semiological seizure classification in which we do not assume a one-to-one relationship between clinical semiology and other test results promotes scientific correlation studies between the different types of seizures (classified exclusively on the basis of ictal semiology) and other test results. such studies should eventually provide better understanding of the significance of different semiological features. 5. a semiological seizure classification, particularly if it is comprehensive, can be applied to any age group. however, certain types of seizures will not occur or will seldom occur in newborn and infants because of their incompletely developed nervous system. conclusion in this short outline, we introduce a semiological seizure classification. the present version—or variants of it-has been used in daily clinical practice for >10 years in selected epilepsy centers. the advantages of a semiological seizure classification are stressed. Luders_1998_1.0_Overview ESSO:Luders_1998_1.1_Sensorial_Sphere Luders_1998_1.1_Sensorial_Sphere Luder 1998 Seizur affect the sensori sphere exclus produc no object sign other than an occasion alter behavior by the patient to an “unexpected” experience. We are awar of their occurr onli if the patient tell us of the sensori experience. We identifi these seizur as aura in good agreement with classic terminology. luder 1998 1.1 sensori sphere luders 1998 1.1 sensorial sphere luders 1998 seizures affecting the sensorial sphere exclusively produce no objective signs other than an occasional altered behavior by the patient to an “unexpected” experience. we are aware of their occurrence only if the patient tells us of the sensorial experience. we identify these seizures as auras in good agreement with classical terminology. Luders_1998_1.1_Sensorial_Sphere ESSO:Luders_1998_1.2_Consciousnes_Sphere Luders_1998_1.2_Consciousnes_Sphere Luder 1998 Seizur that interfer primarili with conscious have been identifi by differ terms, accord to the EEG correl or to the epilept syndrom that produc the alter of consciousness. For example, an episod of alter conscious associ with general 3- Hz, spike-and-wav EEG activ is identifi as an absenc seizure, wherea if it is associ with a focal epileptiform discharg or occur in a patient with a focal epilept syndrom (even in the absenc of a local epileptiform correlate), it is identifi as a complex partial seizure. To avoid confus between term that identifi electroclin complex (absenc seizur and complex partial seizure) and term that identifi pure ictal sign and symptoms, we coin the term dialept seizur for ictal episod in which the main manifest is an alter of consciousness. The term dialept deriv from the Greek word “dialeipein,” which mean “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” Other express such as ‘‘vacant seizures” or “psychoparet seizures” were also considered, but we believ that a complet new term has advantag when one is tri to defin a new concept, i.e., episod of alter of awar that are independ of the associ ictal or interict EEG changes. Although no consensus was reach between the authors, we tentat use the term dialept seizur herein. luder 1998 1.2 consciousn sphere luders 1998 1.2 consciousnes sphere luders 1998 seizures that interfere primarily with consciousness have been identified by different terms, according to the eeg correlate or to the epileptic syndrome that produces the alteration of consciousness. for example, an episode of altered consciousness associated with generalized 3- hz, spike-and-wave eeg activity is identified as an absence seizure, whereas if it is associated with a focal epileptiform discharge or occurs in a patient with a focal epileptic syndrome (even in the absence of a local epileptiform correlate), it is identified as a complex partial seizure. to avoid confusion between terms that identify electroclinical complexes (absence seizure and complex partial seizure) and terms that identify pure ictal signs and symptoms, we coined the term dialeptic seizures for ictal episodes in which the main manifestation is an alteration of consciousness. the term dialeptic derives from the greek word “dialeipein,” which means “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” other expressions such as ‘‘vacant seizures” or “psychoparetic seizures” were also considered, but we believe that a completely new term has advantages when one is trying to define a new concept, i.e., episodes of alteration of awareness that are independent of the associated ictal or interictal eeg changes. although no consensus was reached between the authors, we tentatively use the term dialeptic seizures herein. Luders_1998_1.2_Consciousnes_Sphere ESSO:Luders_1998_1.3_Autonomic_Sphere Luders_1998_1.3_Autonomic_Sphere Luder 1998 Seizur consist primarili of autonom symptom are rare. Usually, they are detect by the patient report symptom secondari to the autonom alteration, e.g., palpit or ‘‘hot flashes.” Occasionally, they can be document by appropri monitor (e.g., Holter monitor). We classifi these episod as “autonom auras” when the patient has symptom most probabl produc by an autonom alter but we do not have object proof of the autonom disturbance. In contrast, we classifi such episod as “autonom seizures” when we have object proof of the autonom alter whether the patient is awar of the autonom disturb or not. luder 1998 1.3 autonom sphere luders 1998 1.3 autonomic sphere luders 1998 seizures consisting primarily of autonomic symptoms are rare. usually, they are detected by the patient reporting symptoms secondary to the autonomic alteration, e.g., palpitations or ‘‘hot flashes.” occasionally, they can be documented by appropriate monitoring (e.g., holter monitor). we classify these episodes as “autonomic auras” when the patient has symptoms most probably produced by an autonomic alteration but we do not have objective proof of the autonomic disturbance. in contrast, we classify such episodes as “autonomic seizures” when we have objective proof of the autonomic alteration whether the patient is aware of the autonomic disturbance or not. Luders_1998_1.3_Autonomic_Sphere ESSO:Luders_1998_1.4_Motor_Sphere Luders_1998_1.4_Motor_Sphere Luder 1998 Seizur in which the main manifest are motor phenomena are classifi as motor seizures. luder 1998 1.4 motor sphere luders 1998 1.4 motor sphere luders 1998 seizures in which the main manifestations are motor phenomena are classified as motor seizures. Luders_1998_1.4_Motor_Sphere ESSO:Luders_1998_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure Luder 1998 Epilept Seizur Seizur frequent includ symptom from two or more spheres. In such case, the seizur is classifi accord to the predomin clinic manifestations. For example, a patient has loss of awar with slight eye blinking. Such a seizur would be classifi as a dialept seizur and not as a motor seizure. luder 1998 2.0 epilept seizur luders 1998 2.0 epileptic seizure luders 1998 epileptic seizure seizures frequently include symptoms from two or more spheres. in such case, the seizure is classified according to the predominant clinical manifestations. for example, a patient has loss of awareness with slight eye blinking. such a seizure would be classified as a dialeptic seizure and not as a motor seizure. Luders_1998_2.0_Epileptic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.1_Somatosensory_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.1_Somatosensory_Auras Luder 1998 Somatosensori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Somatosensori aura consist of abnorm somatosensori sensat (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limit to a clear defin somatosensori region of the body. Sensat that are poor local or consist of vagu sensat should be classifi as unclassifi aura (just ‘‘auras”). luder 1998 2.1.1 somatosensori aura luders 1998 2.1.1 somatosensory auras luders 1998 somatosensory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric somatosensory auras consist of abnormal somatosensory sensations (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limited to a clearly defined somatosensory region of the body. sensations that are poorly localized or consist of vague sensations should be classified as unclassifiable auras (just ‘‘auras”). Luders_1998_2.1.1_Somatosensory_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.2_Visual_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.2_Visual_Auras Luder 1998 Visual Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Visual hallucin or illusions, 
when occur in isolation, should be classifi as visual auras. More elabor visual hallucin or illus that are associ with other complex distort of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, complex visual or auditori illusions, or the hear of voices, and so on), should be classifi as visual aura onli if the visual hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom, at least for a signific part of the aura. Otherwise, they should be classifi as psychic aura (describ below). Poor defin alter of vision (such as “blurri vision”) should be design unclassifi auras. luder 1998 2.1.2 visual aura luders 1998 2.1.2 visual auras luders 1998 visual aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric visual hallucinations or illusions, 
when occurring in isolation, should be classified as visual auras. more elaborate visual hallucinations or illusions that are associated with other complex distortions of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, complex visual or auditory illusions, or the hearing of voices, and so on), should be classified as visual auras only if the visual hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom, at least for a significant part of the aura. otherwise, they should be classified as psychic auras (described below). poorly defined alterations of vision (such as “blurry vision”) should be designated unclassifiable auras. Luders_1998_2.1.2_Visual_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.3_Auditory_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.3_Auditory_Auras Luder 1998 Auditori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Isolat auditori hallucin or illus should be classifi as auditori auras. More elabor auditori hallucin or illus that occur togeth with complex alter of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, visual or auditori illusions, or the simultan occurr of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classifi as auditori aura onli if the auditori hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom. Otherwise, these complex aura should be classifi as psychic auras. luder 1998 2.1.3 auditori aura luders 1998 2.1.3 auditory auras luders 1998 auditory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric isolated auditory hallucinations or illusions should be classified as auditory auras. more elaborated auditory hallucinations or illusions that occur together with complex alterations of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, visual or auditory illusions, or the simultaneous occurrence of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classified as auditory auras only if the auditory hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom. otherwise, these complex auras should be classified as psychic auras. Luders_1998_2.1.3_Auditory_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.4_Olfactory_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.4_Olfactory_Auras Luder 1998 Olfactori Aura Percept of a smell as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as an olfactori aura. At times, like auditori and visual hallucin and illusions, they are associ with other complex alter of perception. These complex alter of percept should be classifi as psychic aura unless the olfactori aura is clear the predomin feature. luder 1998 2.1.4 olfactori aura luders 1998 2.1.4 olfactory auras luders 1998 olfactory aura perception of a smell as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as an olfactory aura. at times, like auditory and visual hallucinations and illusions, they are associated with other complex alterations of perception. these complex alterations of perception should be classified as psychic auras unless the olfactory aura is clearly the predominant feature. Luders_1998_2.1.4_Olfactory_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.5_Gustatory_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.5_Gustatory_Auras Luder 1998 Gustatori Aura Percept of a tast as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as a gustatori aura. These aura also tend to be associ with complex perceptu alterations. The term gustatori aura should be appli onli when the gustatori hallucin is the predomin symptom. luder 1998 2.1.5 gustatori aura luders 1998 2.1.5 gustatory auras luders 1998 gustatory aura perception of a taste as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as a gustatory aura. these auras also tend to be associated with complex perceptual alterations. the term gustatory aura should be applied only when the gustatory hallucination is the predominant symptom. Luders_1998_2.1.5_Gustatory_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.6_Autonomic_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.6_Autonomic_Auras Luder 1998 Autonom Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Seizur consist primarili of autonom symptom are rare. Usually, they are detect by the patient report symptom secondari to the autonom alteration, e.g., palpit or ‘‘hot flashes.” Occasionally, they can be document by appropri monitor (e.g., Holter monitor). We classifi these episod as “autonom auras” when the patient has symptom most probabl produc by an autonom alter but we do not have object proof of the autonom disturbance. Autonom alter elicit by epilept activ of autonom cortic center produc symptom that the patient can detect but that observ have difficulti identifying, particular from a videotap record (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). Sensat that most probabl are an express of an epilept autonom alter are classifi as autonom aura even when there is no object proof of their autonom pathogenesi (such as palpit or hot flashes). In contrast, autonom alter appropri document by polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or direct visual observ (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classifi as autonom seizur luder 1998 2.1.6 autonom aura luders 1998 2.1.6 autonomic auras luders 1998 autonomic aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric seizures consisting primarily of autonomic symptoms are rare. usually, they are detected by the patient reporting symptoms secondary to the autonomic alteration, e.g., palpitations or ‘‘hot flashes.” occasionally, they can be documented by appropriate monitoring (e.g., holter monitor). we classify these episodes as “autonomic auras” when the patient has symptoms most probably produced by an autonomic alteration but we do not have objective proof of the autonomic disturbance. autonomic alterations elicited by epileptic activation of autonomic cortical centers produce symptoms that the patient can detect but that observers have difficulty identifying, particularly from a videotape recording (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). sensations that most probably are an expression of an epileptic autonomic alteration are classified as autonomic auras even when there is no objective proof of their autonomic pathogenesis (such as palpitations or hot flashes). in contrast, autonomic alterations appropriately documented by polygraphic recordings (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or direct visual observation (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classified as autonomic seizures Luders_1998_2.1.6_Autonomic_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.7_Abdominal_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.7_Abdominal_Auras Luder 1998 Abdomin Aura Patient with tempor lobe epilepsi frequent have aura with abdomin sensations. Some of these abdomin aura are most probabl the express of increas abdomin peristalsi and therefor correspond to a subgroup of autonom aura (or autonom seizures, if the alter of peristalsi has been documented). In other cases, they may be an express of activ of sensori cortic area of the abdomin viscera. Independ of the pathogenesis, these abdomin aura are close relat to tempor lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appear use to classifi them independ as abdomin auras. luder 1998 2.1.7 abdomin aura luders 1998 2.1.7 abdominal auras luders 1998 abdominal aura patients with temporal lobe epilepsy frequently have auras with abdominal sensations. some of these abdominal auras are most probably the expression of increased abdominal peristalsis and therefore correspond to a subgroup of autonomic auras (or autonomic seizures, if the alteration of peristalsis has been documented). in other cases, they may be an expression of activation of sensory cortical areas of the abdominal viscera. independent of the pathogenesis, these abdominal auras are closely related to temporal lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appears useful to classify them independently as abdominal auras. Luders_1998_2.1.7_Abdominal_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1.8_Psychic_Auras Luders_1998_2.1.8_Psychic_Auras Luder 1998 Psychic Aura Psychic aura consist of complex hallucin and illus that usual affect differ senses. The most typic exampl are distort of familiarity, such as sensat of déjà vu or jamai vu. Frequent these sensat may be associ with emot alterations, such as fear. In addition, they may occur togeth with complex visual, auditori or other hallucin and illusions, includ visual hallucin such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. luder 1998 2.1.8 psychic aura luders 1998 2.1.8 psychic auras luders 1998 psychic aura psychic auras consist of complex hallucinations and illusions that usually affect different senses. the most typical examples are distortions of familiarity, such as sensations of déjà vu or jamais vu. frequently these sensations may be associated with emotional alterations, such as fear. in addition, they may occur together with complex visual, auditory or other hallucinations and illusions, including visual hallucinations such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. Luders_1998_2.1.8_Psychic_Auras ESSO:Luders_1998_2.1_Aura Luders_1998_2.1_Aura Luder 1998 Aura Aura are ictal manifest have sensory, psychosensory, and experienti symptoms. Aura consist exclus of subject symptom and usual occur at the begin of a seizur (“warn symptoms”). In general, they are brief (seconds) and onli rare may persist longer (minutes). They may occur in isol from ani other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slight longer. In general, the epilept natur of auralik symptomatolog can be document object onli if the aura consist evolv into a dialept or motor seizur or if EEG monitor demonstr an EEG seizur pattern dure the aura. luder 1998 2.1 aura luders 1998 2.1 aura luders 1998 aura auras are ictal manifestations having sensory, psychosensory, and experiential symptoms. auras consist exclusively of subjective symptoms and usually occur at the beginning of a seizure (“warning symptoms”). in general, they are brief (seconds) and only rarely may persist longer (minutes). they may occur in isolation from any other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slightly longer. in general, the epileptic nature of auralike symptomatology can be documented objectively only if the aura consistently evolves into a dialeptic or motor seizure or if eeg monitoring demonstrates an eeg seizure pattern during the aura. Luders_1998_2.1_Aura ESSO:Luders_1998_2.2_Autonomic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.2_Autonomic_Seizure Luder 1998 Autonom Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Autonom seizur are seizur in which the main ictal manifest are object document autonom alterations. “Autonom seizures” have object proof of the autonom alter whether the patient is awar of the autonom disturb or not. Autonom seizur consist of episod alter of autonom function that are elicit by activ of autonom cortic center activ by an epileptiform discharge. Case in which the patient report onli sensat that most probabl correspond to an autonom alter (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no object document should be classifi as autonom aura (describ above). To make the diagnosi of an autonom seizure, episod of autonom dysfunct must be document by appropri polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or by direct observation. Document episod of autonom dysfunct may be clinic silent (i.e., the episod may onli be detect by a monitor, without the patient experienc ani unusu symptoms). luder 1998 2.2 autonom seizur luders 1998 2.2 autonomic seizure luders 1998 autonomic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric autonomic seizures are seizures in which the main ictal manifestations are objectively documented autonomic alterations. “autonomic seizures” have objective proof of the autonomic alteration whether the patient is aware of the autonomic disturbance or not. autonomic seizures consist of episodic alterations of autonomic function that are elicited by activation of autonomic cortical centers activated by an epileptiform discharge. cases in which the patient reports only sensations that most probably correspond to an autonomic alteration (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no objective documentation should be classified as autonomic auras (described above). to make the diagnosis of an autonomic seizure, episodes of autonomic dysfunction must be documented by appropriate polygraphic recording (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or by direct observation. documented episodes of autonomic dysfunction may be clinically silent (i.e., the episodes may only be detected by a monitor, without the patient experiencing any unusual symptoms). Luders_1998_2.2_Autonomic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.3.1_Typical_Dialpetic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.3.1_Typical_Dialpetic_Seizure Luder 1998 Typic Dialept Seizur Location: Left hemisphere/right hemispher Dialept seizur for ictal episod in which the main manifest is an alter of consciousness. The term dialept deriv from the Greek word “dialeipein,” which mean “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” Typic dialept seizur consist of short episod of alter consciousness: <20 s. The alter of conscious begin and end abrupt and frequent is associ with rhythmic eye blink at a rate of ~3 Hz. Patient with general absenc epilepsi often have typic dialept seizures. All seizur that consist main of an alter of conscious but that are not “typic dialept seizures” should be classifi as just dialept seizures. luder 1998 2.3.1 typic dialpet seizur luders 1998 2.3.1 typical dialpetic seizure luders 1998 typical dialeptic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere dialeptic seizures for ictal episodes in which the main manifestation is an alteration of consciousness. the term dialeptic derives from the greek word “dialeipein,” which means “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” typical dialeptic seizures consist of short episodes of altered consciousness: <20 s. the alteration of consciousness begins and ends abruptly and frequently is associated with rhythmical eye blinking at a rate of ~3 hz. patients with generalized absence epilepsy often have typical dialeptic seizures. all seizures that consist mainly of an alteration of consciousness but that are not “typical dialeptic seizures” should be classified as just dialeptic seizures. Luders_1998_2.3.1_Typical_Dialpetic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.3_Dialeptic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.3_Dialeptic_Seizure Luder 1998 Dialept Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher “Dialeptic” seizur have as their main ictal manifest an alter of conscious that is independ of ictal EEG manifestations. The new term “dialeptic” seizur has been coin to differenti this concept from absenc seizur (dialept seizur with a general ictal EEG) and complex partial seizur (dialept seizur with a focal ictal EEG). Dialept seizur is a new term coin to identifi seizur in which the predomin symptomatolog consist of an alter of conscious (see discuss of terminolog above). Alterat of conscious is difficult to define. However, for the purpos of identifi dialept seizures, we classifi alter conscious as doe the ILAE classif of epilept electroclin complexes, e.g., as episod of unrespons or decreas respons that are not caus by motor alterations. Dialept seizur are associ with complet or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episod is necessari to establish the diagnosi of dialept seizure. luder 1998 2.3 dialept seizur luders 1998 2.3 dialeptic seizure luders 1998 dialeptic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere “dialeptic” seizures have as their main ictal manifestations an alteration of consciousness that is independent of ictal eeg manifestations. the new term “dialeptic” seizure has been coined to differentiate this concept from absence seizures (dialeptic seizures with a generalized ictal eeg) and complex partial seizures (dialeptic seizures with a focal ictal eeg). dialeptic seizures is a new term coined to identify seizures in which the predominant symptomatology consists of an alteration of consciousness (see discussion of terminology above). alteration of consciousness is difficult to define. however, for the purpose of identifying dialeptic seizures, we classify altered consciousness as does the ilae classification of epileptic electroclinical complexes, e.g., as episodes of unresponsiveness or decreased responsiveness that are not caused by motor alterations. dialeptic seizures are associated with complete or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episode is necessary to establish the diagnosis of dialeptic seizure. Luders_1998_2.3_Dialeptic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1.1_Myoclonic_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.1.1_Myoclonic_Seizures Luder 1998 Myoclon Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Myoclon seizur consist of short muscl contract last <400 ms. luder 1998 2.4.1.1 myoclon seizur luders 1998 2.4.1.1 myoclonic seizures luders 1998 myoclonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric myoclonic seizures consist of short muscle contractions lasting <400 ms. Luders_1998_2.4.1.1_Myoclonic_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1.2_Tonic_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.1.2_Tonic_Seizures Luder 1998 Tonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Tonic seizur consist of sustain muscl contractions, usual last >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” luder 1998 2.4.1.2 tonic seizur luders 1998 2.4.1.2 tonic seizures luders 1998 tonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures consist of sustained muscle contractions, usually lasting >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” Luders_1998_2.4.1.2_Tonic_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1.3_Epileptic_Spasms Luders_1998_2.4.1.3_Epileptic_Spasms Luder 1998 Epilept Spasm Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Tonic seizur consist of sustain muscl contractions, usual last >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” luder 1998 2.4.1.3 epilept spasm luders 1998 2.4.1.3 epileptic spasms luders 1998 epileptic spasm location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures consist of sustained muscle contractions, usually lasting >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” Luders_1998_2.4.1.3_Epileptic_Spasms ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1.4_Clonic_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.1.4_Clonic_Seizures Luder 1998 Clonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Clonic seizur are a seri of myoclon contract that regular recur at a rate of 0.2-5/s. luder 1998 2.4.1.4 clonic seizur luders 1998 2.4.1.4 clonic seizures luders 1998 clonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric clonic seizures are a series of myoclonic contractions that regularly recur at a rate of 0.2-5/s. Luders_1998_2.4.1.4_Clonic_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1.5_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.1.5_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures Luder 1998 Tonic-Clon Seizur Gener tonic-clon seizur are character by an initi tonic postur of all limbs. The sustain muscl contract that determin the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolv into a clonic phase with contract of progress decreas frequenc until the contract disappear completely. The muscl includ in the tonic and clonic phase should be essenti the same. Focal motor seizur show such a tonic-clon evolut are infrequent. luder 1998 2.4.1.5 tonic- clonic seizur luders 1998 2.4.1.5 tonic- clonic seizures luders 1998 tonic-clonic seizure generalized tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by an initial tonic posturing of all limbs. the sustained muscle contractions that determined the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolving into a clonic phase with contractions of progressively decreasing frequency until the contractions disappear completely. the muscles included in the tonic and clonic phase should be essentially the same. focal motor seizures showing such a tonic-clonic evolution are infrequent. Luders_1998_2.4.1.5_Tonic-Clonic_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1.6_Versive_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.1.6_Versive_Seizures Luder 1998 Versiv Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Versiv seizur are seizur dure which the patient either has a conjug eye movement to one side or move the head, and occasion the whole body, to one side. Onli conjug eye movement or later head and bodi movement that are sustain and extrem should be classifi as versiv seizure. The later movement of the eye frequent consist of a combin of a smooth tonic later movement on which are superimpos small saccad that progress move the eye out to an extrem position. On other occasions, a smooth later movement without ani saccad may be observed. The version of bodi part has a similar character, but the saccad are replac by small clonic later movement of the head or body. Dure these later movements, the chin frequent move not onli later but also upward, result in an unnatur posit of the eye and head. Occasionally, the patient’ bodi will also turn and may complet one or more 360” turns. luder 1998 2.4.1.6 versiv seizur luders 1998 2.4.1.6 versive seizures luders 1998 versive seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric versive seizures are seizures during which the patient either has a conjugate eye movement to one side or moves the head, and occasionally the whole body, to one side. only conjugate eye movements or lateral head and body movements that are sustained and extreme should be classified as versive seizure. the lateral movement of the eyes frequently consists of a combination of a smooth tonic lateral movement on which are superimposed small saccades that progressively move the eye out to an extreme position. on other occasions, a smooth lateral movement without any saccades may be observed. the version of body parts has a similar character, but the saccades are replaced by small clonic lateral movements of the head or body. during these lateral movements, the chin frequently moves not only laterally but also upward, resulting in an unnatural position of the eyes and head. occasionally, the patient’s body will also turn and may complete one or more 360” turns. Luders_1998_2.4.1.6_Versive_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.1_Simple_Motor_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.1_Simple_Motor_Seizures Luder 1998 Simpl Motor Seizur Location: Left/right/axial/generalized/bilater asymmetr Simpl motor seizur in which the motor movement are relat “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movement similar to movement elicit by electr stimul of the primari motor area (Brodmann area 4 and 6) luder 1998 2.4.1 simpl motor seizur luders 1998 2.4.1 simple motor seizures luders 1998 simple motor seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric simple motor seizures in which the motor movements are relatively “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movements similar to movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary motor areas (brodmann areas 4 and 6) Luders_1998_2.4.1_Simple_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.2.1_Hypermotor_Seizure Luders_1998_2.4.2.1_Hypermotor_Seizure Luder 1998 Hypermotor Seizur Hypermotor seizur are seizur in which the main manifest consist of complex movement involv the proxim segment of the limb and trunk. This result in larg movement that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. The “complex motor manifestations” imit normal movements, but the movement are inappropri for the situat and usual serv no purpose. Frequently, the movement are stereotyp repeat in more or less complex sequenc (e.g., pedaling). Conscious may be preserv dure these seizures. luder 1998 2.4.2.1 hypermotor seizur luders 1998 2.4.2.1 hypermotor seizure luders 1998 hypermotor seizures hypermotor seizures are seizures in which the main manifestations consist of complex movements involving the proximal segments of the limbs and trunk. this results in large movements that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. the “complex motor manifestations” imitate normal movements, but the movements are inappropriate for the situation and usually serve no purpose. frequently, the movements are stereotypically repeated in more or less complex sequences (e.g., pedaling). consciousness may be preserved during these seizures. Luders_1998_2.4.2.1_Hypermotor_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.2.2_Gelastic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.4.2.2_Gelastic_Seizure Luder 1998 Gelast seizures. Seizur in which the main motor manifest is “laughing’’ are term gelast seizures. They may be preced or follow by ani other type of seizure. Onli seizur in which the main ictal semiolog is laugh should be classifi as gelast seizures. These seizur are classifi separ becaus they are common in patient with hypothalam hamartoma. luder 1998 2.4.2.2 gelast seizur luders 1998 2.4.2.2 gelastic seizure luders 1998 gelastic seizures. seizures in which the main motor manifestation is “laughing’’ are termed gelastic seizures. they may be preceded or followed by any other type of seizure. only seizures in which the main ictal semiology is laughing should be classified as gelastic seizures. these seizures are classified separately because they are common in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. Luders_1998_2.4.2.2_Gelastic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.2.3_Automotor_Seizure Luders_1998_2.4.2.3_Automotor_Seizure Luder 1998 Automotor seizur Automotor seizur are complex motor seizur in which the main manifest consist of automat involv the distal segment of the hand and feet or the mouth and tongue. Conscious is usual affect but may be preserved, particular when the seizur origin from the nondomin hemisphere. luder 1998 2.4.2.3 automotor seizur luders 1998 2.4.2.3 automotor seizure luders 1998 automotor seizures automotor seizures are complex motor seizures in which the main manifestations consist of automatisms involving the distal segments of the hands and feet or the mouth and tongue. consciousness is usually affected but may be preserved, particularly when the seizure originates from the nondominant hemisphere. Luders_1998_2.4.2.3_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4.2_Complex_Motor_Seizures Luders_1998_2.4.2_Complex_Motor_Seizures Luder 1998 Complex Motor Seizur Complex motor seizures, in which the movement are relat complex and simul natur movements, except that they are inappropri for the situation. “Complex” herein refer to the complex characterist of the movement and doe not mean that the patient lose awar dure the seizure. luder 1998 2.4.2 complex motor seizur luders 1998 2.4.2 complex motor seizures luders 1998 complex motor seizures complex motor seizures, in which the movements are relatively complex and simulate natural movements, except that they are inappropriate for the situation. “complex” herein refers to the complex characteristics of the movement and does not mean that the patient loses awareness during the seizure. Luders_1998_2.4.2_Complex_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.4_Motor_Seizure Luders_1998_2.4_Motor_Seizure Luder 1998 Motor Seizur Seizur in which the main manifest are motor phenomena are classifi as motor seizures. Seizur in which the main symptomatolog are motor sign are identifi as motor seizures. luder 1998 2.4 motor seizur luders 1998 2.4 motor seizure luders 1998 motor seizures seizures in which the main manifestations are motor phenomena are classified as motor seizures. seizures in which the main symptomatology are motor signs are identified as motor seizures. Luders_1998_2.4_Motor_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5.1_Atonic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.5.1_Atonic_Seizure Luder 1998 Atonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Atonic seizur caus a loss of postur tone. The result is loss of postur (head drops, falls, and so on). Often these seizur are preced by a short myoclon seizure. luder 1998 2.5.1 aton seizur luders 1998 2.5.1 atonic seizure luders 1998 atonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric atonic seizures cause a loss of postural tone. the result is loss of posture (head drops, falls, and so on). often these seizures are preceded by a short myoclonic seizure. Luders_1998_2.5.1_Atonic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5.2_Astatic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.5.2_Astatic_Seizure Luder 1998 Astatic seizur Astatic seizur consist of epilept falls. Polygraph studi show that onli in a few patient are the fall the result of aton seizures. In most patients, a myoclon jerk caus the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produc by an atonia that occur immedi after the initi myoclon jerk. Pure general tonic seizur may also lead to an epilept fall. In most patients, however, no video-polygraph studi are perform and the pathogenesi of the fall is uncertain. It seem use to classifi astat seizur separ becaus of the variabl pathogenesi of the falls, which usual remain undefined. luder 1998 2.5.2 astat seizur luders 1998 2.5.2 astatic seizure luders 1998 astatic seizure astatic seizures consist of epileptic falls. polygraphic studies show that only in a few patients are the falls the result of atonic seizures. in most patients, a myoclonic jerk causes the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produced by an atonia that occurs immediately after the initial myoclonic jerk. pure generalized tonic seizures may also lead to an epileptic fall. in most patients, however, no video-polygraphic studies are performed and the pathogenesis of the fall is uncertain. it seems useful to classify astatic seizures separately because of the variable pathogenesis of the falls, which usually remains undefined. Luders_1998_2.5.2_Astatic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5.3_Hypomotor_Seizure Luders_1998_2.5.3_Hypomotor_Seizure Luder 1998 Hypomotor Seizur Location: Left hemisphere/right hemispher Hypomotor seizur have as their main manifest a decreas or total absenc of motor activ without the emerg of new motor manifestations. This classif is use exclus in patient in whom it is not possibl to test conscious dure or after the seizur (such as newborns, infants, and sever mental retard patients). In mani patients, conscious is probabl alter dure the seizur even if by definit conscious cannot be test directly. In a few patient with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesi of the seizur may be different; conscious may be preserved, and the absenc of movement may be an express of an akinet seizur or may be a reaction to an aura. luder 1998 2.5.3 hypomotor seizur luders 1998 2.5.3 hypomotor seizure luders 1998 hypomotor seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere hypomotor seizures have as their main manifestation a decrease or total absence of motor activity without the emergence of new motor manifestations. this classification is used exclusively in patients in whom it is not possible to test consciousness during or after the seizure (such as newborns, infants, and severely mentally retarded patients). in many patients, consciousness is probably altered during the seizures even if by definition consciousness cannot be tested directly. in a few patients with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesis of the seizures may be different; consciousness may be preserved, and the absence of movement may be an expression of an akinetic seizure or may be a reaction to an aura. Luders_1998_2.5.3_Hypomotor_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5.4_Akinetic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.5.4_Akinetic_Seizure Luder 1998 Akinet Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Akinet seizur are character by the inabl to perform voluntari movements. Therefore, they can actual be consid negat complex motor seizures. Muscl tone is also frequent lost, but the akinesia is the most promin manifest of the seizure. These seizur are most probabl an express of the activ of the negat motor area in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. Onli patient in whom conscious is preserv dure the seizur can have akinet seizur becaus they .can be test or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. luder 1998 2.5.4 akinet seizur luders 1998 2.5.4 akinetic seizure luders 1998 akinetic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric akinetic seizures are characterized by the inability to perform voluntary movements. therefore, they can actually be considered negative complex motor seizures. muscle tone is also frequently lost, but the akinesia is the most prominent manifestation of the seizure. these seizures are most probably an expression of the activation of the negative motor areas in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. only patients in whom consciousness is preserved during the seizures can have akinetic seizures because they .can be tested or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. Luders_1998_2.5.4_Akinetic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5.5_Negative_Myoclonic_Seizures Luders_1998_2.5.5_Negative_Myoclonic_Seizures Luder 1998 Negat Myoclon Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Negat myoclon seizur are seizur that consist of a brief interrupt of tonic muscl activ due to an epileptiform discharge. The brief interrupt of muscl activ may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclon jerk. However, the pathogenesi of the movement is a brief loss of muscl tone and not a burst of muscl potenti characterist of myoclon seizures. Evidenc suggest that these seizur are generat by epileptiform discharg in the primari sensorimotor cortex. luder 1998 2.5.5 negat myoclon seizur luders 1998 2.5.5 negative myoclonic seizures luders 1998 negative myoclonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric negative myoclonic seizures are seizures that consist of a brief interruption of tonic muscle activity due to an epileptiform discharge. the brief interruption of muscle activity may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclonic jerk. however, the pathogenesis of the movement is a brief loss of muscle tone and not a burst of muscle potentials characteristic of myoclonic seizures. evidence suggests that these seizures are generated by epileptiform discharges in the primary sensorimotor cortex. Luders_1998_2.5.5_Negative_Myoclonic_Seizures ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5.6_Aphasic_Seizure Luders_1998_2.5.6_Aphasic_Seizure Luder 1998 Aphasic Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Dure aphas seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. The seizur are probabl a negat phenomenon produc by epilept activ of a cortic languag center, a phenomenon similar to that produc by cortic stimul of languag areas. luder 1998 2.5.6 aphas seizur luders 1998 2.5.6 aphasic seizure luders 1998 aphasic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere during aphasic seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. the seizures are probably a negative phenomenon produced by epileptic activation of a cortical language center, a phenomenon similar to that produced by cortical stimulation of language areas. Luders_1998_2.5.6_Aphasic_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_2.5_Special_Seizure Luders_1998_2.5_Special_Seizure Luder 1998 Seizur that cannot be classifi in ani of the four group outlin abov are categor as special seizures. This categori includ primarili seizur character by “negative” motor sign (aton seizure, akinet seizures, “hypomotor” seizures, and so on). Seizur that cannot be classifi in one of the four type describ abov are classifi as special seizures. All these seizur are “negative” or “inhibitory” motor seizur except the aphas seizur that most probabl repres ‘‘negat cognitive” seizures. luder 1998 2.5 special seizur luders 1998 2.5 special seizure luders 1998 seizures that cannot be classified in any of the four groups outlined above are categorized as special seizures. this category includes primarily seizures characterized by “negative” motor signs (atonic seizure, akinetic seizures, “hypomotor” seizures, and so on). seizures that cannot be classified in one of the four types described above are classified as special seizures. all these seizures are “negative” or “inhibitory” motor seizures except the aphasic seizures that most probably represent ‘‘negative cognitive” seizures. Luders_1998_2.5_Special_Seizure ESSO:Luders_1998_3.0_Paroxysmal_Event Luders_1998_3.0_Paroxysmal_Event Luder 1998 Paroxysm Event The EEG, find (ictal or interictal) are not use to classifi epilept seizur in our propos system. The EEG may be use to differenti between epilept seizur and nonepilept paroxysm events, howev (see section Paroxysm events). Paroxysm event are episod in which the observ believ that there is not suffici evid to assum that a “seizurelike” event was of epilept nature. If an “ictal” EEG is available, it should not show an ictal EEG pattern. This classif of epilept seizur is base exclus on semiology. However, the EEG can be use to determin whether an episod is epilept or not. Episod for which there is not suffici proof of epilept natur are classifi mere as paroxysm events. Otherwise, this semiolog classif would have to be expand to includ the semiolog of non-epilept events, which may be extrem varied. Address nonepilept event would requir a differ approach to classification. luder 1998 3.0 paroxysm event luders 1998 3.0 paroxysmal event luders 1998 paroxysmal event the eeg, findings (ictal or interictal) are not used to classify epileptic seizures in our proposed system. the eeg may be used to differentiate between epileptic seizures and nonepileptic paroxysmal events, however (see section paroxysmal events). paroxysmal events are episodes in which the observer believes that there is not sufficient evidence to assume that a “seizurelike” event was of epileptic nature. if an “ictal” eeg is available, it should not show an ictal eeg pattern. this classification of epileptic seizures is based exclusively on semiology. however, the eeg can be used to determine whether an episode is epileptic or not. episodes for which there is not sufficient proof of epileptic nature are classified merely as paroxysmal events. otherwise, this semiological classification would have to be expanded to include the semiology of non-epileptic events, which may be extremely varied. addressing nonepileptic events would require a different approach to classification. Luders_1998_3.0_Paroxysmal_Event ESSO:Luders_1998_4.0_Somatotropic_Distribution_of_Seizure_Semiology Luders_1998_4.0_Somatotropic_Distribution_of_Seizure_Semiology Luder 1998 Axial The clinic semiolog of mani seizures, particular those in patient with focal epilept syndromes, tend to have a somatotop distribution. luder 1998 4.0 somatotrop distribut of seizur semiolog luders 1998 4.0 somatotropic distribution of seizure semiology luders 1998 axial the clinical semiology of many seizures, particularly those in patients with focal epileptic syndromes, tends to have a somatotopic distribution. Luders_1998_4.0_Somatotropic_Distribution_of_Seizure_Semiology ESSO:Luders_1998_4.1_Left Luders_1998_4.1_Left Luder 1998 Left The term left and right refer strict to the somatotop local of the symptoms, not the brain region. luder 1998 4.1 left luders 1998 4.1 left luders 1998 left the terms left and right refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the symptoms, not the brain region. Luders_1998_4.1_Left ESSO:Luders_1998_4.2_Right Luders_1998_4.2_Right Luder 1998 Right The term left and right refer strict to the somatotop local of the symptoms, not the brain region. luder 1998 4.2 right luders 1998 4.2 right luders 1998 right the terms left and right refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the symptoms, not the brain region. Luders_1998_4.2_Right ESSO:Luders_1998_4.3_Somatotropic_Area Luders_1998_4.3_Somatotropic_Area Luder 1998 Somatotop area involved. For seizur involv a distinct somatotop region, the somatotop area is specifi by simpli name the region itself. These term can be appli to all seizur mark with superscript a in Tabl 1. Examples: Left hand clonic seizur Throat somatosensori aura Left foot tonic seizur luder 1998 4.3 somatotrop area luders 1998 4.3 somatotropic area luders 1998 somatotopic area involved. for seizures involving a distinct somatotopic region, the somatotopic area is specified by simply naming the region itself. these terms can be applied to all seizures marked with superscript a in table 1. examples: left hand clonic seizure throat somatosensory aura left foot tonic seizure Luders_1998_4.3_Somatotropic_Area ESSO:Luders_1998_4.4_Axial Luders_1998_4.4_Axial Luder 1998 Axial Bilater asymmetric, axial, and generalized. The term bilater asymmetric, axial, and general also refer strict to the somatotop local of the clinic semiology. Bilater asymmetr mean that the symptom occur in a bilater distribut but had a signific degre of asymmetry. The term suggest that the patient has a focal epilepsy. The modifi general is use when the manifest occur in a relat widespread distribut and there is approxim equal involv of both side and of the distal and proxim segments. The modifi “axial” is use when the manifest involv predomin the muscl of the trunk and the proxim muscl of the extremities. Usualli patient who have axial or general seizur have general epilepsy. However, some patient with focal epilepsi may have axial or general seizur and, vice versa, patient with general epilepsi may have seizur that includ signific focal elements. In other words, the relationship between clinic semiolog and epilept syndrom is not one to one. luder 1998 4.4 axial luders 1998 4.4 axial luders 1998 axial bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized. the terms bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized also refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the clinical semiology. bilateral asymmetric means that the symptoms occurred in a bilateral distribution but had a significant degree of asymmetry. the term suggests that the patient has a focal epilepsy. the modifier generalized is used when the manifestations occur in a relatively widespread distribution and there is approximately equal involvement of both sides and of the distal and proximal segments. the modifier “axial” is used when the manifestations involve predominantly the muscles of the trunk and the proximal muscles of the extremities. usually patients who have axial or generalized seizures have generalized epilepsy. however, some patients with focal epilepsy may have axial or generalized seizures and, vice versa, patients with generalized epilepsies may have seizures that include significant focal elements. in other words, the relationship between clinical semiology and epileptic syndromes is not one to one. Luders_1998_4.4_Axial ESSO:Luders_1998_4.5_Bilateral_Asymmetric Luders_1998_4.5_Bilateral_Asymmetric Luder 1998 Bilater Asymmetr Bilater asymmetric, axial, and generalized. The term bilater asymmetric, axial, and general also refer strict to the somatotop local of the clinic semiology. Bilater asymmetr mean that the symptom occur in a bilater distribut but had a signific degre of asymmetry. The term suggest that the patient has a focal epilepsy. The modifi general is use when the manifest occur in a relat widespread distribut and there is approxim equal involv of both side and of the distal and proxim segments. The modifi “axial” is use when the manifest involv predomin the muscl of the trunk and the proxim muscl of the extremities. Usualli patient who have axial or general seizur have general epilepsy. However, some patient with focal epilepsi may have axial or general seizur and, vice versa, patient with general epilepsi may have seizur that includ signific focal elements. In other words, the relationship between clinic semiolog and epilept syndrom is not one to one. luder 1998 4.5 bilater asymmetr luders 1998 4.5 bilateral asymmetric luders 1998 bilateral asymmetric bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized. the terms bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized also refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the clinical semiology. bilateral asymmetric means that the symptoms occurred in a bilateral distribution but had a significant degree of asymmetry. the term suggests that the patient has a focal epilepsy. the modifier generalized is used when the manifestations occur in a relatively widespread distribution and there is approximately equal involvement of both sides and of the distal and proximal segments. the modifier “axial” is used when the manifestations involve predominantly the muscles of the trunk and the proximal muscles of the extremities. usually patients who have axial or generalized seizures have generalized epilepsy. however, some patients with focal epilepsy may have axial or generalized seizures and, vice versa, patients with generalized epilepsies may have seizures that include significant focal elements. in other words, the relationship between clinical semiology and epileptic syndromes is not one to one. Luders_1998_4.5_Bilateral_Asymmetric ESSO:Luders_1998_4.6_Generalized Luders_1998_4.6_Generalized Luder 1998 Gener Bilater asymmetric, axial, and generalized. The term bilater asymmetric, axial, and general also refer strict to the somatotop local of the clinic semiology. Bilater asymmetr mean that the symptom occur in a bilater distribut but had a signific degre of asymmetry. The term suggest that the patient has a focal epilepsy. The modifi general is use when the manifest occur in a relat widespread distribut and there is approxim equal involv of both side and of the distal and proxim segments. The modifi “axial” is use when the manifest involv predomin the muscl of the trunk and the proxim muscl of the extremities. Usualli patient who have axial or general seizur have general epilepsy. However, some patient with focal epilepsi may have axial or general seizur and, vice versa, patient with general epilepsi may have seizur that includ signific focal elements. In other words, the relationship between clinic semiolog and epilept syndrom is not one to one. luder 1998 4.6 general luders 1998 4.6 generalized luders 1998 generalized bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized. the terms bilateral asymmetric, axial, and generalized also refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the clinical semiology. bilateral asymmetric means that the symptoms occurred in a bilateral distribution but had a significant degree of asymmetry. the term suggests that the patient has a focal epilepsy. the modifier generalized is used when the manifestations occur in a relatively widespread distribution and there is approximately equal involvement of both sides and of the distal and proximal segments. the modifier “axial” is used when the manifestations involve predominantly the muscles of the trunk and the proximal muscles of the extremities. usually patients who have axial or generalized seizures have generalized epilepsy. however, some patients with focal epilepsy may have axial or generalized seizures and, vice versa, patients with generalized epilepsies may have seizures that include significant focal elements. in other words, the relationship between clinical semiology and epileptic syndromes is not one to one. Luders_1998_4.6_Generalized ESSO:Luders_1998_4.7_Left_Hemispheric Luders_1998_4.7_Left_Hemispheric Luder 1998 Left hemispheric. Certain sign may identifi the hemispher of origin of a seizure. These sign includ dyston postur dure a complex motor seizure, preserv of conscious dure an automotor seizure, ictal speech dure an automotor seizure, postict aphasia, and so on. The presenc of ani of these sign strong suggest the hemispher of origin of a seizure. This local inform is includ in the classif by use the modifi “left or right hemispheric.” These modifi can be use to describ the seizur mark by superscript b in Tabl 1. Example: A dialept seizur preced by an abdomin aura and follow by post ictal aphasia should be classifi (if the patient is left-hemispher domin for language) as abdomin aura → left hemispher dialept seizure. An automotor seizur in which there is no loss of conscious and which is associ with dyston postur of the left hand and arm should be classifi as a right hemispher automotor seizure. luder 1998 4.7 left hemispher luders 1998 4.7 left hemispheric luders 1998 left hemispheric. certain signs may identify the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. these signs include dystonic posturing during a complex motor seizure, preservation of consciousness during an automotor seizure, ictal speech during an automotor seizure, postictal aphasia, and so on. the presence of any of these signs strongly suggests the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. this localizing information is included in the classification by using the modifiers “left or right hemispheric.” these modifiers can be used to describe the seizures marked by superscript b in table 1. example: a dialeptic seizure preceded by an abdominal aura and followed by post ictal aphasia should be classified (if the patient is left-hemisphere dominant for language) as abdominal aura → left hemispheric dialeptic seizure. an automotor seizure in which there is no loss of consciousness and which is associated with dystonic posturing of the left hand and arm should be classified as a right hemispheric automotor seizure. Luders_1998_4.7_Left_Hemispheric ESSO:Luders_1998_4.8_Right_Hemispheric Luders_1998_4.8_Right_Hemispheric Luder 1998 Right hemispheric. Certain sign may identifi the hemispher of origin of a seizure. These sign includ dyston postur dure a complex motor seizure, preserv of conscious dure an automotor seizure, ictal speech dure an automotor seizure, postict aphasia, and so on. The presenc of ani of these sign strong suggest the hemispher of origin of a seizure. This local inform is includ in the classif by use the modifi “left or right hemispheric.” These modifi can be use to describ the seizur mark by superscript b in Tabl 1. Example: A dialept seizur preced by an abdomin aura and follow by post ictal aphasia should be classifi (if the patient is left-hemispher domin for language) as abdomin aura → left hemispher dialept seizure. An automotor seizur in which there is no loss of conscious and which is associ with dyston postur of the left hand and arm should be classifi as a right hemispher automotor seizure. luder 1998 4.8 right hemispher luders 1998 4.8 right hemispheric luders 1998 right hemispheric. certain signs may identify the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. these signs include dystonic posturing during a complex motor seizure, preservation of consciousness during an automotor seizure, ictal speech during an automotor seizure, postictal aphasia, and so on. the presence of any of these signs strongly suggests the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. this localizing information is included in the classification by using the modifiers “left or right hemispheric.” these modifiers can be used to describe the seizures marked by superscript b in table 1. example: a dialeptic seizure preceded by an abdominal aura and followed by post ictal aphasia should be classified (if the patient is left-hemisphere dominant for language) as abdominal aura → left hemispheric dialeptic seizure. an automotor seizure in which there is no loss of consciousness and which is associated with dystonic posturing of the left hand and arm should be classified as a right hemispheric automotor seizure. Luders_1998_4.8_Right_Hemispheric ESSO:Luders_1998_5.0_Status_Epilepticus Luders_1998_5.0_Status_Epilepticus Luder 1998 Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.0 status epilepticus luders 1998 5.0 status epilepticus luders 1998 status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.0_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.1_Somatosensory_Status Luders_1998_5.1.1_Somatosensory_Status Luder 1998 Somatosensori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Somatosensori aura consist of abnorm somatosensori sensat (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limit to a clear defin somatosensori region of the body. Sensat that are poor local or consist of vagu sensat should be classifi as unclassifi aura (just ‘‘auras”). Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.1 somatosensori status luders 1998 5.1.1 somatosensory status luders 1998 somatosensory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric somatosensory auras consist of abnormal somatosensory sensations (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limited to a clearly defined somatosensory region of the body. sensations that are poorly localized or consist of vague sensations should be classified as unclassifiable auras (just ‘‘auras”). status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.1_Somatosensory_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.2_Visual_Status Luders_1998_5.1.2_Visual_Status Luder 1998 Visual Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Visual hallucin or illusions, 
when occur in isolation, should be classifi as visual auras. More elabor visual hallucin or illus that are associ with other complex distort of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, complex visual or auditori illusions, or the hear of voices, and so on), should be classifi as visual aura onli if the visual hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom, at least for a signific part of the aura. Otherwise, they should be classifi as psychic aura (describ below). Poor defin alter of vision (such as “blurri vision”) should be design unclassifi auras. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.2 visual status luders 1998 5.1.2 visual status luders 1998 visual aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric visual hallucinations or illusions, 
when occurring in isolation, should be classified as visual auras. more elaborate visual hallucinations or illusions that are associated with other complex distortions of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, complex visual or auditory illusions, or the hearing of voices, and so on), should be classified as visual auras only if the visual hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom, at least for a significant part of the aura. otherwise, they should be classified as psychic auras (described below). poorly defined alterations of vision (such as “blurry vision”) should be designated unclassifiable auras. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.2_Visual_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.3_Auditory_Status Luders_1998_5.1.3_Auditory_Status Luder 1998 Auditori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Isolat auditori hallucin or illus should be classifi as auditori auras. More elabor auditori hallucin or illus that occur togeth with complex alter of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, visual or auditori illusions, or the simultan occurr of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classifi as auditori aura onli if the auditori hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom. Otherwise, these complex aura should be classifi as psychic auras. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.3 auditori status luders 1998 5.1.3 auditory status luders 1998 auditory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric isolated auditory hallucinations or illusions should be classified as auditory auras. more elaborated auditory hallucinations or illusions that occur together with complex alterations of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, visual or auditory illusions, or the simultaneous occurrence of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classified as auditory auras only if the auditory hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom. otherwise, these complex auras should be classified as psychic auras. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.3_Auditory_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.4_Olfactory_Status Luders_1998_5.1.4_Olfactory_Status Luder 1998 Olfactori Aura Percept of a smell as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as an olfactori aura. At times, like auditori and visual hallucin and illusions, they are associ with other complex alter of perception. These complex alter of percept should be classifi as psychic aura unless the olfactori aura is clear the predomin feature. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.4 olfactori status luders 1998 5.1.4 olfactory status luders 1998 olfactory aura perception of a smell as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as an olfactory aura. at times, like auditory and visual hallucinations and illusions, they are associated with other complex alterations of perception. these complex alterations of perception should be classified as psychic auras unless the olfactory aura is clearly the predominant feature. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.4_Olfactory_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.5_Gustatory_Status Luders_1998_5.1.5_Gustatory_Status Luder 1998 Gustatori Aura Percept of a tast as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as a gustatori aura. These aura also tend to be associ with complex perceptu alterations. The term gustatori aura should be appli onli when the gustatori hallucin is the predomin symptom. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.5 gustatori status luders 1998 5.1.5 gustatory status luders 1998 gustatory aura perception of a taste as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as a gustatory aura. these auras also tend to be associated with complex perceptual alterations. the term gustatory aura should be applied only when the gustatory hallucination is the predominant symptom. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.5_Gustatory_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.6_Autonomic_Status Luders_1998_5.1.6_Autonomic_Status Luder 1998 Autonom Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Seizur consist primarili of autonom symptom are rare. Usually, they are detect by the patient report symptom secondari to the autonom alteration, e.g., palpit or ‘‘hot flashes.” Occasionally, they can be document by appropri monitor (e.g., Holter monitor). We classifi these episod as “autonom auras” when the patient has symptom most probabl produc by an autonom alter but we do not have object proof of the autonom disturbance. Autonom alter elicit by epilept activ of autonom cortic center produc symptom that the patient can detect but that observ have difficulti identifying, particular from a videotap record (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). Sensat that most probabl are an express of an epilept autonom alter are classifi as autonom aura even when there is no object proof of their autonom pathogenesi (such as palpit or hot flashes). In contrast, autonom alter appropri document by polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or direct visual observ (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classifi as autonom seizur Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.6 autonom status luders 1998 5.1.6 autonomic status luders 1998 autonomic aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric seizures consisting primarily of autonomic symptoms are rare. usually, they are detected by the patient reporting symptoms secondary to the autonomic alteration, e.g., palpitations or ‘‘hot flashes.” occasionally, they can be documented by appropriate monitoring (e.g., holter monitor). we classify these episodes as “autonomic auras” when the patient has symptoms most probably produced by an autonomic alteration but we do not have objective proof of the autonomic disturbance. autonomic alterations elicited by epileptic activation of autonomic cortical centers produce symptoms that the patient can detect but that observers have difficulty identifying, particularly from a videotape recording (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). sensations that most probably are an expression of an epileptic autonomic alteration are classified as autonomic auras even when there is no objective proof of their autonomic pathogenesis (such as palpitations or hot flashes). in contrast, autonomic alterations appropriately documented by polygraphic recordings (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or direct visual observation (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classified as autonomic seizures status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.6_Autonomic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.7_Abdominal_Status Luders_1998_5.1.7_Abdominal_Status Luder 1998 Abdomin Aura Patient with tempor lobe epilepsi frequent have aura with abdomin sensations. Some of these abdomin aura are most probabl the express of increas abdomin peristalsi and therefor correspond to a subgroup of autonom aura (or autonom seizures, if the alter of peristalsi has been documented). In other cases, they may be an express of activ of sensori cortic area of the abdomin viscera. Independ of the pathogenesis, these abdomin aura are close relat to tempor lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appear use to classifi them independ as abdomin auras. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.7 abdomin status luders 1998 5.1.7 abdominal status luders 1998 abdominal aura patients with temporal lobe epilepsy frequently have auras with abdominal sensations. some of these abdominal auras are most probably the expression of increased abdominal peristalsis and therefore correspond to a subgroup of autonomic auras (or autonomic seizures, if the alteration of peristalsis has been documented). in other cases, they may be an expression of activation of sensory cortical areas of the abdominal viscera. independent of the pathogenesis, these abdominal auras are closely related to temporal lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appears useful to classify them independently as abdominal auras. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.7_Abdominal_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1.8_Psychic_Status Luders_1998_5.1.8_Psychic_Status Luder 1998 Psychic Aura Psychic aura consist of complex hallucin and illus that usual affect differ senses. The most typic exampl are distort of familiarity, such as sensat of déjà vu or jamai vu. Frequent these sensat may be associ with emot alterations, such as fear. In addition, they may occur togeth with complex visual, auditori or other hallucin and illusions, includ visual hallucin such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1.8 psychic status luders 1998 5.1.8 psychic status luders 1998 psychic aura psychic auras consist of complex hallucinations and illusions that usually affect different senses. the most typical examples are distortions of familiarity, such as sensations of déjà vu or jamais vu. frequently these sensations may be associated with emotional alterations, such as fear. in addition, they may occur together with complex visual, auditory or other hallucinations and illusions, including visual hallucinations such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1.8_Psychic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.1_Aura_Status Luders_1998_5.1_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Aura Aura are ictal manifest have sensory, psychosensory, and experienti symptoms. Sensori Sphere Warn symptom at begin of seizur Aura Aura consist exclus of subject symptom and usual occur at the begin of a seizur (“warn symptoms”). In general, they are brief (seconds) and onli rare may persist longer (minutes). They may occur in isol from ani other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slight longer. In general, the epilept natur of auralik symptomatolog can be document object onli if the aura consist evolv into a dialept or motor seizur or if EEG monitor demonstr an EEG seizur pattern dure the aura. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.1 aura status luders 1998 5.1 aura status luders 1998 aura auras are ictal manifestations having sensory, psychosensory, and experiential symptoms. sensorial sphere warning symptoms at beginning of seizure aura auras consist exclusively of subjective symptoms and usually occur at the beginning of a seizure (“warning symptoms”). in general, they are brief (seconds) and only rarely may persist longer (minutes). they may occur in isolation from any other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slightly longer. in general, the epileptic nature of auralike symptomatology can be documented objectively only if the aura consistently evolves into a dialeptic or motor seizure or if eeg monitoring demonstrates an eeg seizure pattern during the aura. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.1_Aura_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.2_Autonomic_Status Luders_1998_5.2_Autonomic_Status Luder 1998 Autonom Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Autonom seizur are seizur in which the main ictal manifest are object document autonom alterations. “Autonom seizures” have object proof of the autonom alter whether the patient is awar of the autonom disturb or not. Autonom seizur consist of episod alter of autonom function that are elicit by activ of autonom cortic center activ by an epileptiform discharge. Case in which the patient report onli sensat that most probabl correspond to an autonom alter (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no object document should be classifi as autonom aura (describ above). To make the diagnosi of an autonom seizure, episod of autonom dysfunct must be document by appropri polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or by direct observation. Document episod of autonom dysfunct may be clinic silent (i.e., the episod may onli be detect by a monitor, without the patient experienc ani unusu symptoms). Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.2 autonom status luders 1998 5.2 autonomic status luders 1998 autonomic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric autonomic seizures are seizures in which the main ictal manifestations are objectively documented autonomic alterations. “autonomic seizures” have objective proof of the autonomic alteration whether the patient is aware of the autonomic disturbance or not. autonomic seizures consist of episodic alterations of autonomic function that are elicited by activation of autonomic cortical centers activated by an epileptiform discharge. cases in which the patient reports only sensations that most probably correspond to an autonomic alteration (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no objective documentation should be classified as autonomic auras (described above). to make the diagnosis of an autonomic seizure, episodes of autonomic dysfunction must be documented by appropriate polygraphic recording (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or by direct observation. documented episodes of autonomic dysfunction may be clinically silent (i.e., the episodes may only be detected by a monitor, without the patient experiencing any unusual symptoms). status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.2_Autonomic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.3_Dialeptic_Status Luders_1998_5.3_Dialeptic_Status Luder 1998 Dialept Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher “Dialeptic” seizur have as their main ictal manifest an alter of conscious that is independ of ictal EEG manifestations. The new term “dialeptic” seizur has been coin to differenti this concept from absenc seizur (dialept seizur with a general ictal EEG) and complex partial seizur (dialept seizur with a focal ictal EEG). Dialept seizur is a new term coin to identifi seizur in which the predomin symptomatolog consist of an alter of conscious (see discuss of terminolog above). Alterat of conscious is difficult to define. However, for the purpos of identifi dialept seizures, we classifi alter conscious as doe the ILAE classif of epilept electroclin complexes, e.g., as episod of unrespons or decreas respons that are not caus by motor alterations. Dialept seizur are associ with complet or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episod is necessari to establish the diagnosi of dialept seizure. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.3 dialept status luders 1998 5.3 dialeptic status luders 1998 dialeptic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere “dialeptic” seizures have as their main ictal manifestations an alteration of consciousness that is independent of ictal eeg manifestations. the new term “dialeptic” seizure has been coined to differentiate this concept from absence seizures (dialeptic seizures with a generalized ictal eeg) and complex partial seizures (dialeptic seizures with a focal ictal eeg). dialeptic seizures is a new term coined to identify seizures in which the predominant symptomatology consists of an alteration of consciousness (see discussion of terminology above). alteration of consciousness is difficult to define. however, for the purpose of identifying dialeptic seizures, we classify altered consciousness as does the ilae classification of epileptic electroclinical complexes, e.g., as episodes of unresponsiveness or decreased responsiveness that are not caused by motor alterations. dialeptic seizures are associated with complete or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episode is necessary to establish the diagnosis of dialeptic seizure. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.3_Dialeptic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1.1_Myoclonic_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1.1_Myoclonic_Status Luder 1998 Myoclon Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Myoclon seizur consist of short muscl contract last <400 ms. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1.1 myoclon status luders 1998 5.4.1.1 myoclonic status luders 1998 myoclonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric myoclonic seizures consist of short muscle contractions lasting <400 ms. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1.1_Myoclonic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1.2_Tonic_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1.2_Tonic_Status Luder 1998 Tonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Tonic seizur consist of sustain muscl contractions, usual last >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1.2 tonic status luders 1998 5.4.1.2 tonic status luders 1998 tonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures consist of sustained muscle contractions, usually lasting >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1.2_Tonic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1.3_Epileptic_Spasms_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1.3_Epileptic_Spasms_Status Luder 1998 Epilept Spasm Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Tonic seizur consist of sustain muscl contractions, usual last >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1.3 epilept spasm status luders 1998 5.4.1.3 epileptic spasms status luders 1998 epileptic spasm location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures consist of sustained muscle contractions, usually lasting >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1.3_Epileptic_Spasms_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1.4_Clonic_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1.4_Clonic_Status Luder 1998 Clonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Clonic seizur are a seri of myoclon contract that regular recur at a rate of 0.2-5/s. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1.4 clonic status luders 1998 5.4.1.4 clonic status luders 1998 clonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric clonic seizures are a series of myoclonic contractions that regularly recur at a rate of 0.2-5/s. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1.4_Clonic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1.5_Tonic-Clonic_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1.5_Tonic-Clonic_Status Luder 1998 Tonic-Clon Seizur Gener tonic-clon seizur are character by an initi tonic postur of all limbs. The sustain muscl contract that determin the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolv into a clonic phase with contract of progress decreas frequenc until the contract disappear completely. The muscl includ in the tonic and clonic phase should be essenti the same. Focal motor seizur show such a tonic-clon evolut are infrequent. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1.5 tonic- clonic status luders 1998 5.4.1.5 tonic- clonic status luders 1998 tonic-clonic seizure generalized tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by an initial tonic posturing of all limbs. the sustained muscle contractions that determined the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolving into a clonic phase with contractions of progressively decreasing frequency until the contractions disappear completely. the muscles included in the tonic and clonic phase should be essentially the same. focal motor seizures showing such a tonic-clonic evolution are infrequent. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1.5_Tonic-Clonic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1.6_Versive_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1.6_Versive_Status Luder 1998 Versiv Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Versiv seizur are seizur dure which the patient either has a conjug eye movement to one side or move the head, and occasion the whole body, to one side. Onli conjug eye movement or later head and bodi movement that are sustain and extrem should be classifi as versiv seizure. The later movement of the eye frequent consist of a combin of a smooth tonic later movement on which are superimpos small saccad that progress move the eye out to an extrem position. On other occasions, a smooth later movement without ani saccad may be observed. The version of bodi part has a similar character, but the saccad are replac by small clonic later movement of the head or body. Dure these later movements, the chin frequent move not onli later but also upward, result in an unnatur posit of the eye and head. Occasionally, the patient’ bodi will also turn and may complet one or more 360” turns. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1.6 versiv status luders 1998 5.4.1.6 versive status luders 1998 versive seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric versive seizures are seizures during which the patient either has a conjugate eye movement to one side or moves the head, and occasionally the whole body, to one side. only conjugate eye movements or lateral head and body movements that are sustained and extreme should be classified as versive seizure. the lateral movement of the eyes frequently consists of a combination of a smooth tonic lateral movement on which are superimposed small saccades that progressively move the eye out to an extreme position. on other occasions, a smooth lateral movement without any saccades may be observed. the version of body parts has a similar character, but the saccades are replaced by small clonic lateral movements of the head or body. during these lateral movements, the chin frequently moves not only laterally but also upward, resulting in an unnatural position of the eyes and head. occasionally, the patient’s body will also turn and may complete one or more 360” turns. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1.6_Versive_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.1_Simple_Motor_Status Luders_1998_5.4.1_Simple_Motor_Status Luder 1998 Simpl Motor Seizur Location: Left/right/axial/generalized/bilater asymmetr Simpl motor seizur in which the motor movement are relat “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movement similar to movement elicit by electr stimul of the primari motor area (Brodmann area 4 and 6) Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.1 simpl motor status luders 1998 5.4.1 simple motor status luders 1998 simple motor seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric simple motor seizures in which the motor movements are relatively “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movements similar to movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary motor areas (brodmann areas 4 and 6) status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.1_Simple_Motor_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.2.1_Hypermotor_Status Luders_1998_5.4.2.1_Hypermotor_Status Luder 1998 Hypermotor Seizur Hypermotor seizur are seizur in which the main manifest consist of complex movement involv the proxim segment of the limb and trunk. This result in larg movement that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. The “complex motor manifestations” imit normal movements, but the movement are inappropri for the situat and usual serv no purpose. Frequently, the movement are stereotyp repeat in more or less complex sequenc (e.g., pedaling). Conscious may be preserv dure these seizures. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.2.1 hypermotor status luders 1998 5.4.2.1 hypermotor status luders 1998 hypermotor seizures hypermotor seizures are seizures in which the main manifestations consist of complex movements involving the proximal segments of the limbs and trunk. this results in large movements that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. the “complex motor manifestations” imitate normal movements, but the movements are inappropriate for the situation and usually serve no purpose. frequently, the movements are stereotypically repeated in more or less complex sequences (e.g., pedaling). consciousness may be preserved during these seizures. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.2.1_Hypermotor_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.2.2_Gelastic_Status Luders_1998_5.4.2.2_Gelastic_Status Luder 1998 Gelast seizures. Seizur in which the main motor manifest is “laughing’’ are term gelast seizures. They may be preced or follow by ani other type of seizure. Onli seizur in which the main ictal semiolog is laugh should be classifi as gelast seizures. These seizur are classifi separ becaus they are common in patient with hypothalam hamartoma. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.2.2 gelast status luders 1998 5.4.2.2 gelastic status luders 1998 gelastic seizures. seizures in which the main motor manifestation is “laughing’’ are termed gelastic seizures. they may be preceded or followed by any other type of seizure. only seizures in which the main ictal semiology is laughing should be classified as gelastic seizures. these seizures are classified separately because they are common in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.2.2_Gelastic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.2.3_Automotor_Status Luders_1998_5.4.2.3_Automotor_Status Luder 1998 Automotor seizur Automotor seizur are complex motor seizur in which the main manifest consist of automat involv the distal segment of the hand and feet or the mouth and tongue. Conscious is usual affect but may be preserved, particular when the seizur origin from the nondomin hemisphere. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.2.3 automotor status luders 1998 5.4.2.3 automotor status luders 1998 automotor seizures automotor seizures are complex motor seizures in which the main manifestations consist of automatisms involving the distal segments of the hands and feet or the mouth and tongue. consciousness is usually affected but may be preserved, particularly when the seizure originates from the nondominant hemisphere. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.2.3_Automotor_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4.2_Complex_Motor_Status Luders_1998_5.4.2_Complex_Motor_Status Luder 1998 Complex Motor Seizur Complex motor seizures, in which the movement are relat complex and simul natur movements, except that they are inappropri for the situation. “Complex” herein refer to the complex characterist of the movement and doe not mean that the patient lose awar dure the seizure. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4.2 complex motor status luders 1998 5.4.2 complex motor status luders 1998 complex motor seizures complex motor seizures, in which the movements are relatively complex and simulate natural movements, except that they are inappropriate for the situation. “complex” herein refers to the complex characteristics of the movement and does not mean that the patient loses awareness during the seizure. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4.2_Complex_Motor_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.4_Motor_Status Luders_1998_5.4_Motor_Status Luder 1998 Motor Seizur Seizur in which the main manifest are motor phenomena are classifi as motor seizures. Seizur in which the main symptomatolog are motor sign are identifi as motor seizures. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.4 motor status luders 1998 5.4 motor status luders 1998 motor seizures seizures in which the main manifestations are motor phenomena are classified as motor seizures. seizures in which the main symptomatology are motor signs are identified as motor seizures. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.4_Motor_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5.1_Atonic_Status Luders_1998_5.5.1_Atonic_Status Luder 1998 Atonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Atonic seizur caus a loss of postur tone. The result is loss of postur (head drops, falls, and so on). Often these seizur are preced by a short myoclon seizure. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5.1 aton status luders 1998 5.5.1 atonic status luders 1998 atonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric atonic seizures cause a loss of postural tone. the result is loss of posture (head drops, falls, and so on). often these seizures are preceded by a short myoclonic seizure. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5.1_Atonic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5.2_Astatic_Status Luders_1998_5.5.2_Astatic_Status Luder 1998 Astatic seizur Astatic seizur consist of epilept falls. Polygraph studi show that onli in a few patient are the fall the result of aton seizures. In most patients, a myoclon jerk caus the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produc by an atonia that occur immedi after the initi myoclon jerk. Pure general tonic seizur may also lead to an epilept fall. In most patients, however, no video-polygraph studi are perform and the pathogenesi of the fall is uncertain. It seem use to classifi astat seizur separ becaus of the variabl pathogenesi of the falls, which usual remain undefined. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5.2 astat status luders 1998 5.5.2 astatic status luders 1998 astatic seizure astatic seizures consist of epileptic falls. polygraphic studies show that only in a few patients are the falls the result of atonic seizures. in most patients, a myoclonic jerk causes the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produced by an atonia that occurs immediately after the initial myoclonic jerk. pure generalized tonic seizures may also lead to an epileptic fall. in most patients, however, no video-polygraphic studies are performed and the pathogenesis of the fall is uncertain. it seems useful to classify astatic seizures separately because of the variable pathogenesis of the falls, which usually remains undefined. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5.2_Astatic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5.3_Hypomotor_Status Luders_1998_5.5.3_Hypomotor_Status Luder 1998 Hypomotor Seizur Location: Left hemisphere/right hemispher Hypomotor seizur have as their main manifest a decreas or total absenc of motor activ without the emerg of new motor manifestations. This classif is use exclus in patient in whom it is not possibl to test conscious dure or after the seizur (such as newborns, infants, and sever mental retard patients). In mani patients, conscious is probabl alter dure the seizur even if by definit conscious cannot be test directly. In a few patient with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesi of the seizur may be different; conscious may be preserved, and the absenc of movement may be an express of an akinet seizur or may be a reaction to an aura. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5.3 hypomotor status luders 1998 5.5.3 hypomotor status luders 1998 hypomotor seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere hypomotor seizures have as their main manifestation a decrease or total absence of motor activity without the emergence of new motor manifestations. this classification is used exclusively in patients in whom it is not possible to test consciousness during or after the seizure (such as newborns, infants, and severely mentally retarded patients). in many patients, consciousness is probably altered during the seizures even if by definition consciousness cannot be tested directly. in a few patients with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesis of the seizures may be different; consciousness may be preserved, and the absence of movement may be an expression of an akinetic seizure or may be a reaction to an aura. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5.3_Hypomotor_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5.4_Akinetic_Status Luders_1998_5.5.4_Akinetic_Status Luder 1998 Akinet Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Akinet seizur are character by the inabl to perform voluntari movements. Therefore, they can actual be consid negat complex motor seizures. Muscl tone is also frequent lost, but the akinesia is the most promin manifest of the seizure. These seizur are most probabl an express of the activ of the negat motor area in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. Onli patient in whom conscious is preserv dure the seizur can have akinet seizur becaus they .can be test or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5.4 akinet status luders 1998 5.5.4 akinetic status luders 1998 akinetic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric akinetic seizures are characterized by the inability to perform voluntary movements. therefore, they can actually be considered negative complex motor seizures. muscle tone is also frequently lost, but the akinesia is the most prominent manifestation of the seizure. these seizures are most probably an expression of the activation of the negative motor areas in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. only patients in whom consciousness is preserved during the seizures can have akinetic seizures because they .can be tested or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5.4_Akinetic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5.5_Negative_Myoclonic_Status Luders_1998_5.5.5_Negative_Myoclonic_Status Luder 1998 Negat Myoclon Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Negat myoclon seizur are seizur that consist of a brief interrupt of tonic muscl activ due to an epileptiform discharge. The brief interrupt of muscl activ may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclon jerk. However, the pathogenesi of the movement is a brief loss of muscl tone and not a burst of muscl potenti characterist of myoclon seizures. Evidenc suggest that these seizur are generat by epileptiform discharg in the primari sensorimotor cortex. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5.5 negat myoclon status luders 1998 5.5.5 negative myoclonic status luders 1998 negative myoclonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric negative myoclonic seizures are seizures that consist of a brief interruption of tonic muscle activity due to an epileptiform discharge. the brief interruption of muscle activity may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclonic jerk. however, the pathogenesis of the movement is a brief loss of muscle tone and not a burst of muscle potentials characteristic of myoclonic seizures. evidence suggests that these seizures are generated by epileptiform discharges in the primary sensorimotor cortex. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5.5_Negative_Myoclonic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5.6_Aphasic_Status Luders_1998_5.5.6_Aphasic_Status Luder 1998 Aphasic Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Dure aphas seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. The seizur are probabl a negat phenomenon produc by epilept activ of a cortic languag center, a phenomenon similar to that produc by cortic stimul of languag areas. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5.6 aphas status luders 1998 5.5.6 aphasic status luders 1998 aphasic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere during aphasic seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. the seizures are probably a negative phenomenon produced by epileptic activation of a cortical language center, a phenomenon similar to that produced by cortical stimulation of language areas. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5.6_Aphasic_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_5.5_Special_Status Luders_1998_5.5_Special_Status Luder 1998 Seizur that cannot be classifi in ani of the four group outlin abov are categor as special seizures. This categori includ primarili seizur character by “negative” motor sign (aton seizure, akinet seizures, “hypomotor” seizures, and so on). Seizur that cannot be classifi in one of the four type describ abov are classifi as special seizures. All these seizur are “negative” or “inhibitory” motor seizur except the aphas seizur that most probabl repres ‘‘negat cognitive” seizures. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luder 1998 5.5 special status luders 1998 5.5 special status luders 1998 seizures that cannot be classified in any of the four groups outlined above are categorized as special seizures. this category includes primarily seizures characterized by “negative” motor signs (atonic seizure, akinetic seizures, “hypomotor” seizures, and so on). seizures that cannot be classified in one of the four types described above are classified as special seizures. all these seizures are “negative” or “inhibitory” motor seizures except the aphasic seizures that most probably represent ‘‘negative cognitive” seizures. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Luders_1998_5.5_Special_Status ESSO:Luders_1998_6.0_Seizure_Sequence Luders_1998_6.0_Seizure_Sequence Luder 1998 Most seizur consist of symptom that evolv as the seizur discharg spread to involv new cortic areas. In the semiolog classif of seizures, this evolut is indic by consid each one of the seizur describ abov as one compon of a seizure. Ani given seizur consist of one or more of these components, which are list in order of appear and are link by arrows. Example: Left visual aura --> left hand clonic seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Left visual aura --> bilater asymmetr tonic seizur --> left arm clonic seizur Abdomin aura --> left hemispher automotor seizur Olfactori aura --> automotor seizur --> left versiv seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Gener myoclon seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Typic dialept seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Typically, we limit the number of seizur compon to four for practic purposes. luder 1998 6.0 seizur sequenc luders 1998 6.0 seizure sequence luders 1998 most seizures consist of symptoms that evolve as the seizure discharge spreads to involve new cortical areas. in the semiological classification of seizures, this evolution is indicated by considering each one of the seizures described above as one component of a seizure. any given seizure consists of one or more of these components, which are listed in order of appearance and are linked by arrows. example: left visual aura --> left hand clonic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure left visual aura --> bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure --> left arm clonic seizure abdominal aura --> left hemispheric automotor seizure olfactory aura --> automotor seizure --> left versive seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure generalized myoclonic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure typical dialeptic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure typically, we limit the number of seizure components to four for practical purposes. Luders_1998_6.0_Seizure_Sequence ESSO:Luders_1998_7.0_Epilepsy_Classification Luders_1998_7.0_Epilepsy_Classification Luder 1998 Epilepsi classif The semiolog seizur classif is a classif of the semiolog of the seizur only. The epilept syndrome, however, is defin by consid all clinic inform (semiolog seizur type, interict EEG, ictal EEG, function and anatom neuroimaging, seizur evolut over time, neurolog examination, and so on). In our institutions, we first defin the epitept syndrome, then list the semiolog characterist of the patient’ seizures, state the presum caus of the epilept syndrome, and record import addit medic condit which the patient has. This approach summar the essenti featur of the epilepsi and has been describ in detail elsewher (6). Some illustr exampl follow. 1. Left Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi Seizures: Abdomin aura --> automotor seizur Cause: Left mesial tempor sclerosi Relat medic conditions: Febril convulsions, Memori deficit, Cerebellar atrophi 2. Absenc Epilepsi Seizures: Typic dialept seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Cause: Genet Relat medic conditions:Non 3. Lennox-Gastaut syndrom Seizures: Gener tonic seizure, Dialept seizure, Astatic seizur Cause: Tuber sclerosi Relat medic conditions: Mental retardation, Depress 4. Right Frontal Epilepsi Seizures: Asymmetr bilater tonic seizur --> Left arm clonic seizur --> Gener tonic clonic seizur Cause: Right mesial frontal cortic dysplasia Relat medic conditions: Schizophrenia, Mild mental retard luder 1998 7.0 epilepsi classif luders 1998 7.0 epilepsy classification luders 1998 epilepsy classification the semiological seizure classification is a classification of the semiology of the seizures only. the epileptic syndrome, however, is defined by considering all clinical information (semiological seizure type, interictal eeg, ictal eeg, functional and anatomic neuroimaging, seizure evolution over time, neurological examination, and so on). in our institutions, we first define the epiteptic syndrome, then list the semiological characteristics of the patient’s seizures, state the presumed cause of the epileptic syndrome, and record important additional medical conditions which the patient has. this approach summarizes the essential features of the epilepsy and has been described in detail elsewhere (6). some illustrative examples follow. 1. left mesial temporal lobe epilepsy seizures: abdominal aura --> automotor seizure cause: left mesial temporal sclerosis related medical conditions: febrile convulsions, memory deficit, cerebellar atrophy 2. absence epilepsy seizures: typical dialeptic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure cause: genetic related medical conditions:none 3. lennox-gastaut syndrome seizures: generalized tonic seizure, dialeptic seizure, astatic seizure cause: tuberous sclerosis related medical conditions: mental retardation, depression 4. right frontal epilepsy seizures: asymmetric bilateral tonic seizure --> left arm clonic seizure --> generalized tonic clonic seizure cause: right mesial frontal cortical dysplasia related medical conditions: schizophrenia, mild mental retardation Luders_1998_7.0_Epilepsy_Classification ESSO:Luders_1998_Classification Luders_1998_Classification Luder 1998: Classif Seizur sequenc Most seizur consist of symptom that evolv as the seizur discharg spread to involv new cortic areas. In the semiolog classif of seizures, this evolut is indic by consid each one of the seizur describ abov as one compon of a seizure. Ani given seizur consist of one or more of these components, which are list in order of appear and are link by arrows. Example: Left visual aura → left hand clonic seizur → general tonic-clon seizur Left visual aura → bilater asymmetr tonic seizur → left arm clonic seizur Abdomin aura → left hemispher automotor seizur Olfactori aura → automotor seizur → left versiv seizur → general tonic-clon seizur Gener myoclon seizur → general tonic-clon seizure
 Typic dialept seizur → general tonic-clon seizur Typically, we limit the number of seizur compon to four for practic purposes. Epilepsi classif The semiolog seizur classif is a classif of the semiolog of the seizur only. The epilept syndrome, however, is defin by consid all clinic inform (semiolog seizur type, interict EEG, ictal EEG, function and anatom neuroimaging, seizur evolut over time, neurolog examination, and so on). In our institutions, we first defin the epilept syndrome, then list the semiolog characterist of the patient’ seizures, state the presum caus of the epilept syndrome, and record import addit medic condit which the patient has. This approach summar the essenti featur of the epilepsi and has been describ in detail elsewher (6). Some illustr exampl follow. SUMMARi OF THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SEMIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF EPILEPTIC SEIZURES The semiolog seizur classif outlin abov integr the follow features, which make it particular use for everyday application: 1. The terminolog appli is as succinct as possibl to facilit everyday use. 2. Whenev available, “classical” terminology, well known to general neurologist and epileptologists, has been used. 3. The classif includ a few new terms, such as automotor, hypomotor, hypermotor, and dialept seizures. These new term have been introduc to avoid confus with other term that identifi similar seizur but that are defin not by pure semiolog criteria but by electroclin characterist (see section Dialept seizures). 4. The semiolog seizur classif includ ‘ ‘somatotop modifiers’ ’ that permit definit of the somatotop distribut of the ictal symptoms. 5. Each seizur type is consid a component. Differ seizur evolut are express by link the differ seizur type (“components”) by an arrow. Type of seizur evolut are not limit arbitrarily. This classif system should permit scientif studi of the most frequent type of seizur evolutions. 6. Ictal symptom frequent cannot be defin with precis becaus of inadequ inform (for example, a patient may be amnest of the seizur and there may be no wit to the seizur or a wit may provid an incomplet and inaccur history). The semiolog differ classif permit classif of seizur with differ degre of precision. For example, if we believ that the patient had an epilept seizure, we classifi it as “epilept seizure.” If the main manifest was motor, we classifi the seizur as a “motor seizure.” If the main manifest was motor, we classifi the seizur as a “motor seizure.” If the motor seizur affect the right arm but we do not know if it was a simpl or complex motor seizure, we can classifi it as “right arm motor seizure.” If we know that the movement dure the seizur were “simple” (see definit above), but we have difficulti in defin the subtype, we can classifi the seizur as “right arm simpl motor seizure.” And finally, if by histori or direct observ we can establish that the movement of the right arm was of clonic type, we can classifi the seizur in it maximum degre of precision, name as “right arm clonic seizure.” In other words, from left to right in Tabl 1, progress more precis inform is provid about the ictal semiology. ADVANTAGES OF SEMIOLOGICAL SEIZURE CLASSIFICATION Semiolog classif of epilept seizur has the follow advantages: 1. It provid a terminolog that permit clear identif of ictal semiolog featur independ of ani other rest results. 2. It clarifi the differ between seizur classif and epilept syndrom classification. Mani epilept syndrom may be associ with the same type of seizur (when classifi semiologically); therefore, appropri manag of the patient will requir that the physician defin the epilept syndrome. For example, establish that a patient has dialept seizur doe not tell us whether the patient has a general epilpet syndrom such as absenc epilepsy, which can be treat with ethosuximide, or a focal epilept syndrome, in which ethosuximid is ineffective. 3. A semiolog seizur classif focus the attent of the observ on clinic semiology. 4. A semiolog seizur classif in which we do not assum a one-to-on relationship between clinic semiolog and other test result promot scientif correl studi between the differ type of seizur (classifi exclus on the basi of ictal semiology) and other test results. Such studi should eventu provid better understand of the signific of differ semiolog features. 5. A semiolog seizur classification, particular if it is comprehensive, can be appli to ani age group. However, certain type of seizur will not occur or will seldom occur in newborn and infant becaus of their incomplet develop nervous system. CONCLUSION In this short outline, we introduc a semiolog seizur classification. The present version-or variant of it-ha been use in daili clinic practic for > 10 year in select epilepsi centers. The advantag of a semiolog seizur classif are stressed. luder 1998 classif luders 1998 classification luders 1998: classification seizure sequence most seizures consist of symptoms that evolve as the seizure discharge spreads to involve new cortical areas. in the semiological classification of seizures, this evolution is indicated by considering each one of the seizures described above as one component of a seizure. any given seizure consists of one or more of these components, which are listed in order of appearance and are linked by arrows. example: left visual aura → left hand clonic seizure → generalized tonic-clonic seizure left visual aura → bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure → left arm clonic seizure abdominal aura → left hemispheric automotor seizure olfactory aura → automotor seizure → left versive seizure → generalized tonic-clonic seizure generalized myoclonic seizure → generalized tonic-clonic seizure
 typical dialeptic seizure → generalized tonic-clonic seizure typically, we limit the number of seizure components to four for practical purposes. epilepsy classification the semiological seizure classification is a classification of the semiology of the seizures only. the epileptic syndrome, however, is defined by considering all clinical information (semiological seizure type, interictal eeg, ictal eeg, functional and anatomic neuroimaging, seizure evolution over time, neurological examination, and so on). in our institutions, we first define the epileptic syndrome, then list the semiological characteristics of the patient’s seizures, state the presumed cause of the epileptic syndrome, and record important additional medical conditions which the patient has. this approach summarizes the essential features of the epilepsy and has been described in detail elsewhere (6). some illustrative examples follow. summary of the essential characteristics of the semiological classification of epileptic seizures the semiological seizure classification outlined above integrates the following features, which make it particularly useful for everyday application: 1. the terminology applied is as succinct as possible to facilitate everyday use. 2. whenever available, “classical” terminology, well known to general neurologists and epileptologists, has been used. 3. the classification includes a few new terms, such as automotor, hypomotor, hypermotor, and dialeptic seizures. these new terms have been introduced to avoid confusion with other terms that identify similar seizures but that are defined not by pure semiological criteria but by electroclinical characteristics (see section dialeptic seizures). 4. the semiological seizure classification includes ‘ ‘somatotopic modifiers’ ’ that permit definition of the somatotopic distribution of the ictal symptoms. 5. each seizure type is considered a component. different seizure evolutions are expressed by linking the different seizure types (“components”) by an arrow. types of seizure evolution are not limited arbitrarily. this classification system should permit scientific studies of the most frequent type of seizure evolutions. 6. ictal symptoms frequently cannot be defined with precision because of inadequate information (for example, a patient may be amnestic of the seizure and there may be no witness to the seizure or a witness may provide an incomplete and inaccurate history). the semiological difference classification permits classification of seizures with different degrees of precision. for example, if we believe that the patient had an epileptic seizure, we classify it as “epileptic seizure.” if the main manifestation was motor, we classify the seizure as a “motor seizure.” if the main manifestation was motor, we classify the seizure as a “motor seizure.” if the motor seizure affected the right arm but we do not know if it was a simple or complex motor seizure, we can classify it as “right arm motor seizure.” if we know that the movements during the seizure were “simple” (see definition above), but we have difficulty in defining the subtype, we can classify the seizure as “right arm simple motor seizure.” and finally, if by history or direct observation we can establish that the movement of the right arm was of clonic type, we can classify the seizure in its maximum degree of precision, namely as “right arm clonic seizure.” in other words, from left to right in table 1, progressively more precise information is provided about the ictal semiology. advantages of semiological seizure classification semiological classification of epileptic seizures has the following advantages: 1. it provides a terminology that permits clear identification of ictal semiological features independent of any other rest results. 2. it clarifies the difference between seizure classification and epileptic syndrome classification. many epileptic syndromes may be associated with the same types of seizures (when classified semiologically); therefore, appropriate management of the patient will require that the physician define the epileptic syndrome. for example, establishing that a patient has dialeptic seizures does not tell us whether the patient has a generalized epilpetic syndrome such as absence epilepsy, which can be treated with ethosuximide, or a focal epileptic syndrome, in which ethosuximide is ineffective. 3. a semiological seizure classification focuses the attention of the observer on clinical semiology. 4. a semiological seizure classification in which we do not assume a one-to-one relationship between clinical semiology and other test results promotes scientific correlation studies between the different types of seizures (classified exclusively on the basis of ictal semiology) and other test results. such studies should eventually provide better understanding of the significance of different semiological features. 5. a semiological seizure classification, particularly if it is comprehensive, can be applied to any age group. however, certain types of seizures will not occur or will seldome occur in newborn and infants because of their incompletely developed nervous system. conclusion in this short outline, we introduce a semiological seizure classification. the present version-or variants of it-has been used in daily clinical practice for > 10 years in selected epilepsy centers. the advantages of a semiological seizure classification are stressed. Luders_1998_Classification ESSO:Macroaccusia Macroaccusia Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. macroaccusia Macroaccusia ESSO:Macrocephalic Macrocephalic macrocephal macrocephalic Macrocephalic ESSO:Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_MRI Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_MRI Blume 2003 SIGN 2005 Magnet reson imagin (MRI) scan is superior to CT scan in eleect imag to ID abn under epilepsi and avoid radiat Most children with epilepsi should have an elect MRI brain scan. (Don't need scan: idiopath primari general epilepsi e.g. childhood absenc epilepsy, juvenil myoclon epilepsy, juvenil absenc epilepsy, benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spikes: benign roland epilepsy) Wolf 2006 blume 2003 sign 2005 magnetic resonance imagine (mri) scanning is superior to ct scanning in eleective imaging to id abn underlying epilepsy and avoids radiation most children with epilepsy should have an elective mri brain scan. (don't need scan: idiopathic primary generalized epilepsies e.g. childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: benign rolandic epilepsy) wolf 2006 magnet reson imag m r i magnetic resonance imaging m r i Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging_MRI ESSO:Magnetoencephalography_MEG_Scan Magnetoencephalography_MEG_Scan magnetoencephalographi m e g scan magnetoencephalography m e g scan Magnetoencephalography_MEG_Scan ESSO:Male Male d0000643 male Male ESSO:Manual_or_Pedal_Automotor_Seizure Manual_or_Pedal_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Manual or Pedal: 1. Indicat princip distal components, bilater or unilateral. 2. Fumbling, tapping, manipul movements. blume 2001 manual or pedal: 1. indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral. 2. fumbling, tapping, manipulating movements. manual or pedal automotor seizur manual or pedal automotor seizure Manual_or_Pedal_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Manual_or_Pedal_Automotor_Status Manual_or_Pedal_Automotor_Status manual or pedal automotor status Manual_or_Pedal_Automotor_Status ESSO:Marginal_Sulcus Marginal_Sulcus Trancr 2005 The Margin Sulcus is of signific becaus it form the posterior boundari of the paracentr lobule. margin sulcus marginal sulcus trancred 2005 the marginal sulcus is of significance because it forms the posterior boundary of the paracentral lobule. Marginal_Sulcus ESSO:Massive Massive massiv massive Massive ESSO:Mastication Mastication mastic mastication Mastication ESSO:Maximum_Amplitude Maximum_Amplitude maximum amplitud maximum amplitude Maximum_Amplitude ESSO:Mechanism_of_Action Mechanism_of_Action mechan of action mechanism of action Mechanism_of_Action ESSO:Medical_History Medical_History Bancaud 1981 spinal cord diseas dyssynergia cerebella myoclonia subcort segment myoclonus paramyoclonus multiplex opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrom brain stem ischemia (drop attack) nacrolepsi cataplexi syndrom (drop attack) ILAE 1989 Febril Seizures/Convuls Tumor, Vascular MELAS Alcohol, drugs, eclampsia, nonketot hyperglycemia Minor person disord Malform Phacomatos Hypothalam hamartoma Tuber sclerosi Neonat Nonketot hyperglicinemia D-glyceriacdemia Infant Phenylketonuria Tay-Sach diseas Sandhoff diseas Ceroid-lipofuscinosi Santuavori Haltia Hagberg diseas Pyridoxin depend Child Late infantil ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Janski Bielschowski disease) Huntington Diseas Child and Adolesc Gaucher diseas Ceroid Lipofuscinosis/Spiel-Meyer-Vogt-Sjogern diseas Laflora diseas Degen progress myoclon epilepsy/Ludnborg Type Dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonia with epilpesy/Ramsay-Hunt syndrom Cherri red spot myoclonus syndrome/Sialidosi with Isolat Deficit in Neuraminidas Mitochondri Myopathi Lactate/pyruv metabol abnorm Adult Kuf disease/adult caroid lipofuscinosi Luder 1998 Schizophrenia Noachter 1999 Neurolog condit Engel 2001: Axis 5: Impairment deriv from impair classif adapt from WHO ICIDH2 Tabl 6 2003 Blume Prolong febril seizur Pregnanc Hemorrhagic/ischem stroke 1/2 tumors, Trauma, dementia, metabol disord SIGN 2006 Learn difficulti (mild to severe) cerebr palsi quadriplegia hemiplegia Autism, Down syndrome, Angelman Syndrome, Rett Syndrome, Fragil X Syndrome, tuber sclerosi ADHD bancaud 1981 spinal cord disease dyssynergia cerebella's myoclonia subcortical segmental myoclonus paramyoclonus multiplex opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome brain stem ischemia (drop attack) nacrolepsy cataplexy syndrome (drop attack) ilae 1989 febrile seizures/convulsions tumor, vascular melas alcohol, drugs, eclampsia, nonketotic hyperglycemia minor personality disorder malformations phacomatoses hypothalamic hamartoma tuberous sclerosis neonate nonketotic hyperglicinemia d-glyceriacdemia infant phenylketonuria tay-sach disease sandhoff disease ceroid-lipofuscinosis santuavori haltia hagberg disease pyridoxine dependency child late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (jansky bielschowski disease) huntington's disease child and adolescent gaucher disease ceroid lipofuscinosis/spiel-meyer-vogt-sjogern disease laflora disease degenerative progressive myoclonic epilepsy/ludnborg type dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia with epilpesy/ramsay-hunt syndrome cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome/sialidosis with isolated deficit in neuraminidase mitochondrial myopathy lactate/pyruvate metabolism abnormality adult kuf's disease/adult caroid lipofuscinosis luders 1998 schizophrenia noachter 1999 neurologic condition engel 2001: axis 5: impairment derived from impairment classification adapted from who icidh2 table 6 2003 blume prolonged febrile seizures pregnancy hemorrhagic/ischemic stroke 1/2 tumors, trauma, dementia, metabolic disorders sign 2006 learning difficulties (mild to severe) cerebral palsy quadriplegia hemiplegia autism, down's syndrome, angelman syndrome, rett syndrome, fragile x syndrome, tuberous sclerosis adhd medic histori medical history Medical_History ESSO:Medication Medication medic medication Medication ESSO:Medication_Class Medication_Class medic class medication class Medication_Class ESSO:Medication_Name Medication_Name medic name medication name Medication_Name ESSO:Medication_Name_Generic Medication_Name_Generic medic name generic medication name generic Medication_Name_Generic ESSO:Medium_Voltage Medium_Voltage medium voltag medium voltage Medium_Voltage ESSO:Medulla_Oblangata Medulla_Oblangata Trancr 2005 The Medulla Oblongata is import in regul mani autonom function (includ blood pressure, heart rate, respiratori rate, cough and vomit reflexes). It also contain nuclei of cranial nerv VII to XI and continu of the long tract of the spinal cord. Structures: Abducen n. (CN VI) Accessori n. (CN XI) Brainstem Central Canal CN Nuclei of Medulla Cuneat Nucleus Cuneat Nucleus Cuneat Nucleus Glossopharyng n. (CN IX) Gracil Nucleus Hypogloss n. (CN XII) Inferior Olivari Nucleus Pon Pyramid Decuss Reticular Format Reticular Format Spinal Cord Tract of Medulla Vagus n. (CN X) Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII) Information: The medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) is the most caudal part of the brainstem, lie between the spinal cord and the pons. The transit from spinal cord to medulla is characteris by the gradual appear of the pyramid decussation, cuneat and gracil nuclei (the dorsal column nuclei) and the cranial nerv (which suppli structur in the head and neck). The central canal of the spinal cord continu into the caudal part of the medulla, but with gradual disappear of the dorsal column nuclei, it eventu open out to form the fourth ventricle, which is present in the rostral half of the medulla. Sever cranial nerv aris from the ventral surfac of the medulla includ the hypogloss n. (CN XII), accessori n. (CN XI), vagus n. (CN X) and glossopharyng n. (CN IX). The vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII), facial n. (CN VII) and abducen n. (CN VI) aris from the junction between the medulla and the pons. The medulla contain continu of most of the long tract of the cervic spinal cord and sever other (see tract of medulla), nuclei associ with cranial nerv (see CN nuclei of medulla) as well as sever other import nuclei includ those of the medullari reticular format and the inferior olivari nuclei. medulla oblangata trancred 2005 the medulla oblongata is important in regulating many autonomic functions (including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, coughing and vomiting reflexes). it also contains nuclei of cranial nerves vii to xi and continuations of the long tracts of the spinal cord. structures: abducens n. (cn vi) accessory n. (cn xi) brainstem central canal cn nuclei of medulla cuneate nucleus cuneate nucleus cuneate nucleus glossopharyngeal n. (cn ix) gracile nucleus hypoglossal n. (cn xii) inferior olivary nucleus pons pyramidal decussation reticular formation reticular formation spinal cord tracts of medulla vagus n. (cn x) vestibulocochlear n. (cn viii) information: the medulla oblongata (myelencephalon) is the most caudal part of the brainstem, lying between the spinal cord and the pons. the transition from spinal cord to medulla is characterised by the gradual appearance of the pyramidal decussation, cuneate and gracile nuclei (the dorsal column nuclei) and the cranial nerves (which supply structures in the head and neck). the central canal of the spinal cord continues into the caudal part of the medulla, but with gradual disappearance of the dorsal column nuclei, it eventually opens out to form the fourth ventricle, which is present in the rostral half of the medulla. several cranial nerves arise from the ventral surface of the medulla including the hypoglossal n. (cn xii), accessory n. (cn xi), vagus n. (cn x) and glossopharyngeal n. (cn ix). the vestibulocochlear n. (cn viii), facial n. (cn vii) and abducens n. (cn vi) arise from the junction between the medulla and the pons. the medulla contains continuations of most of the long tracts of the cervical spinal cord and several others (see tracts of medulla), nuclei associated with cranial nerves (see cn nuclei of medulla) as well as several other important nuclei including those of the medullary reticular formation and the inferior olivary nuclei. Medulla_Oblangata ESSO:Memory Memory Blume 2001 Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech memori memory Memory ESSO:Menstrual_Cycle Menstrual_Cycle Bancaud 1981 Menstrual Cycl bancaud 1981 menstrual cycle menstrual cycl menstrual cycle Menstrual_Cycle ESSO:Mental_Deterioration Mental_Deterioration mental deterior mental deterioration Mental_Deterioration ESSO:Mesial_Frontal_Lobe Mesial_Frontal_Lobe mesial frontal lobe Mesial_Frontal_Lobe ESSO:Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Review the name. It similar to the one alreadi in. Likewise, are patient with mesial tempor lobe epilepsi who have been seizure-fre off medic for 10 year after resect of their hippocamp sclerosi consid to still have epilepsy? d0000649 mesial tempor lobe epilepsi mesial temporal lobe epilepsy review the name. it's similar to the one already in. likewise, are patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy who have been seizure-free off medications for 10 years after resection of their hippocampal sclerosis considered to still have epilepsy? Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_with_Hippocampal_Sclerosis_MTLE_with_HS Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_with_Hippocampal_Sclerosis_MTLE_with_HS ILAE 2010 Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi with Hippocamp Sclerosi ilae 2010 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis mesial tempor lobe epilepsi with hippocamp sclerosi m t l e with h s mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis m t l e with h s Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_with_Hippocampal_Sclerosis_MTLE_with_HS ESSO:Mesiobasal_Limbic_Seizures Mesiobasal_Limbic_Seizures d0000653 mesiobas limbic seizur mesiobasal limbic seizures Mesiobasal_Limbic_Seizures ESSO:Metabolic Metabolic Luder 1998 Berg 2010 comput neuroscience, neurochemistri luders 1998 berg 2010 computational neuroscience, neurochemistry metabol metabolic Metabolic ESSO:Metabolic_Imaging Metabolic_Imaging metabol imag metabolic imaging Metabolic_Imaging ESSO:Metabolic_Proven_or_Suspected_Inborn_Errors_of Metabolic_Proven_or_Suspected_Inborn_Errors_of d0000655 metabol proven or suspect inborn error of metabolic proven or suspected inborn errors of Metabolic_Proven_or_Suspected_Inborn_Errors_of ESSO:Metabolic_Test Metabolic_Test Blume 2003 SIGN 2006 Metabolic, cytogen test Pyridoxin withdraw test in children with intract epilepsi with onset under age 3 year blume 2003 sign 2006 metabolic, cytogenic tests pyridoxine withdrawal test in children with intractable epilepsy with onset under age 3 years metabol test metabolic test Metabolic_Test ESSO:Metabolism Metabolism metabol metabolism Metabolism ESSO:Metallic_Taste_Hallucination Metallic_Taste_Hallucination metal tast hallucin metallic taste hallucination Metallic_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Metallic_Taste_Illusion Metallic_Taste_Illusion Bancaud 1981 Metal Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 metallic blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. metal tast illus metallic taste illusion Metallic_Taste_Illusion ESSO:Metamorphosia Metamorphosia metamorphosia Metamorphosia ESSO:Microaccusia Microaccusia Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. microaccusia Microaccusia ESSO:Microcephalic Microcephalic microcephal microcephalic Microcephalic ESSO:Midbrain Midbrain Trancr 2005 The Midbrain (Mesencephalon) contain the nuclei of cranial nerv III and IV, as well as nuclei associ with motor and autonom control, and visual and auditori reflexes. Structures: Cerebr Aqueduct Corticobulbar Tract Corticopontin Tract Corticospin Tract Crus Cerebri Diencephalon Edinger-Westph Nucleus Inferior Colliculus Later Lemniscus Medial Lemniscus Medial Longitudin Fasciculus Mesencephal Nucleus of CN V Mesencephalon Oculomotor Nucleus Periaqueduct Gray Pon Red Nucleus Spinothalam Tract Substantia Nigra Superior Cerebellar Peduncl Superior Colliculus Tract of the Midbrain Trigeminothalam Tract Information: The midbrain (mesencephalon) is the most rostral part of the brainstem and lie between the pon and the diencephalon. It consist of a tectum, which is locat dorsal to the cerebr aqueduct, and pair cerebr peduncles, each of which is demarc into a tegmentum and a crus cerebri by a pigment region known as the substantia nigra. The tegmentum is locat between the cerebr aqueduct and the substantia nigra. The crus cerebri, which is also known as the basi pedunculi, is form by 2 larg mass of white matter on the ventral surfac of the midbrain. The tectum is form rostral by the pair superior colliculi and caudal by the pair inferior colliculi. The midbrain tegmentum contain sever larg gray mass includ the periaqueduct gray, red nuclei, substantia nigra and sever cranial nerv nuclei (oculomotor, Edinger-Westphal, and mesencephal nucleus of CN V). The tegmentum also contain sever tract includ the medial lemniscus, spinothalam and trigeminothalam tracts, later lemniscus and medial longitudin fasciculus as well as the decuss of the superior cerebellar peduncl The crus cerebri contain corticobulbar, corticospin and corticopontin tracts. Major tract present in the midbrain are list on a separ card (tract of the midbrain) midbrain trancred 2005 the midbrain (mesencephalon) contains the nuclei of cranial nerves iii and iv, as well as nuclei associated with motor and autonomic control, and visual and auditory reflexes. structures: cerebral aqueduct corticobulbar tract corticopontine tract corticospinal tract crus cerebri diencephalon edinger-westphal nucleus inferior colliculus lateral lemniscus medial lemniscus medial longitudinal fasciculus mesencephalic nucleus of cn v mesencephalon oculomotor nucleus periaqueductal gray pons red nucleus spinothalamic tract substantia nigra superior cerebellar peduncle superior colliculus tracts of the midbrain trigeminothalamic tract information: the midbrain (mesencephalon) is the most rostral part of the brainstem and lies between the pons and the diencephalon. it consists of a tectum, which is located dorsal to the cerebral aqueduct, and paired cerebral peduncles, each of which is demarcated into a tegmentum and a crus cerebri by a pigmented region known as the substantia nigra. the tegmentum is located between the cerebral aqueduct and the substantia nigra. the crus cerebri, which is also known as the basis pedunculi, is formed by 2 large masses of white matter on the ventral surface of the midbrain. the tectum is formed rostrally by the paired superior colliculi and caudally by the paired inferior colliculi. the midbrain tegmentum contains several large gray masses including the periaqueductal gray, red nuclei, substantia nigra and several cranial nerve nuclei (oculomotor, edinger-westphal, and mesencephalic nucleus of cn v). the tegmentum also contains several tracts including the medial lemniscus, spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tracts, lateral lemniscus and medial longitudinal fasciculus as well as the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle the crus cerebri contain corticobulbar, corticospinal and corticopontine tracts. major tracts present in the midbrain are listed on a separate card (tracts of the midbrain) Midbrain ESSO:Middle_Frontal_Gyrus Middle_Frontal_Gyrus Tancr 2005 Most of the middl frontal gyrus is includ in the prefront area which is involv with certain aspect of behaviour, includ motivation, mood, judgement and foresight. Structures: Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Gyrus Rectus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Sulcus Later Fissur Limbic Area Middl Frontal Gyrus Motor Speech (Broca's) Area Olfactori Sulcus Olfactori Tract Orbital Gyri Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Orbitali (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G.) Precentr Gyrus Precentr Sulcus Prefront Area Premotor Area Premotor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Frontal Sulcus Triangular Sulcus Information: The frontal lobe occupi the anterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the frontal pole posterior to the central sulcus and is bound inferior by the later fissure. On the medial surfac it extend posterior to an imaginari line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. Sulci and Gyri: The superolater surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direct and the precentr gyrus which extend vertic downwards. The superior and inferior frontal gyri are separ by the superior frontal sulcus and the middl and inferior gyri are separ by the inferior frontal sulcus. The precentr sulcus separ the precentr gyrus from the frontal gyri. The inferior frontal gyrus is divid from anterior to posterior into the par orbitalis, par triangulari and par operculari by the triangular sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus extend onto the medial surfac as far as the cingul gyrus, the anterior part of which is also includ in the frontal lobe. The inferior surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the orbit gyri, which overli the boni roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). The orbit gyri and gyrus rectus are separ by the olfactori sulcus, which contain the olfactori tract. Function Areas: The frontal lobe includ a number of import function areas: (1) Primari motor area - locat on the precentr gyrus. (2) Premotor area - locat on the anterior part of the precentr gyrus and the adjac part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. (3) Prefront area - which includ the remaind of the superior and middl frontal gyri, the orbit part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbit gyri. (4) Motor Speech (Broca's) Area - locat on the triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) Limbic Area - locat on the cingul gyrus. middl frontal gyrus middle frontal gyrus tancred 2005 most of the middle frontal gyrus is included in the prefrontal area which is involved with certain aspects of behaviour, including motivation, mood, judgement and foresight. structures: central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum gyrus rectus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal sulcus lateral fissure limbic area middle frontal gyrus motor speech (broca's) area olfactory sulcus olfactory tract orbital gyri pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars orbitalis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g.) precentral gyrus precentral sulcus prefrontal area premotor area premotor area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal sulcus triangular sulcus information: the frontal lobe occupies the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the frontal pole posteriorly to the central sulcus and is bounded inferiorly by the lateral fissure. on the medial surface it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. sulci and gyri: the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direction and the precentral gyrus which extends vertically downwards. the superior and inferior frontal gyri are separated by the superior frontal sulcus and the middle and inferior gyri are separated by the inferior frontal sulcus. the precentral sulcus separates the precentral gyrus from the frontal gyri. the inferior frontal gyrus is divided from anterior to posterior into the pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis by the triangular sulcus. the superior frontal gyrus extends onto the medial surface as far as the cingulate gyrus, the anterior part of which is also included in the frontal lobe. the inferior surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the orbital gyri, which overlie the bony roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). the orbital gyri and gyrus rectus are separated by the olfactory sulcus, which contains the olfactory tract. functional areas: the frontal lobe includes a number of important functional areas: (1) primary motor area - located on the precentral gyrus. (2) premotor area - located on the anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the adjacent parts of the superior and middle frontal gyri. (3) prefrontal area - which includes the remainder of the superior and middle frontal gyri, the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital gyri. (4) motor speech (broca's) area - located on the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) limbic area - located on the cingulate gyrus. Middle_Frontal_Gyrus ESSO:Middle_Temporal_Gyrus Middle_Temporal_Gyrus Tancr 2005 The middl tempor gyrus is part of the associ cortex of the tempor lobe. Structures: Collater Sulcus Corpus Callosum Hippocamp Gyrus Inferior Tempor Gyrus Inferior Tempor Sulcus Later Fissur Later Ventricl Middl Tempor Gyrus Occipitotempor Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Auditori Area Primari Olfactori Area Superior Tempor Gyrus Superior Tempor Sulcus Transvers Tempor Gyrus Uncus Information: Boundaries: On the later surfac the tempor lobe is bound posterior by the imaginari line extend downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. It is bound superior by the later fissur and a horizont line extend from the later fissur to meet the imaginari line just described. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior by a line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipit notch. Gyri and Sulci: The later surfac of the tempor lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior tempor gyri, which are separ from each other by the superior and inferior tempor sulci. The superior surfac of the superior tempor gyrus, which form the floor of the later fissure, is thrown into sever transvers orient folds, which are call the transvers tempor gyri (of Heschl). The inferomedi surfac of the tempor lobe is form by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocamp gyrus, the occipitotempor gyrus and the inferior tempor gyrus. The occipitotempor gyrus is separ from the parahippocamp gyrus by the collater sulcus and from the inferior tempor gyrus by the occipitotempor sulcus. The rostral part of the parahippocamp gyrus hook backward to form a bump on it medial surfac call the uncus. Above the parahippocamp gyrus (not visibl from the inferior surface) is the hippocamp gyrus, which actual form the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the later ventricle. Specif Function Areas: (1) Primari Auditori Area - locat on the transvers tempor gyri. (2) Primari Olfactori Area - locat on the uncus. middl tempor gyrus middle temporal gyrus tancred 2005 the middle temporal gyrus is part of the association cortex of the temporal lobe. structures: collateral sulcus corpus callosum hippocampal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus inferior temporal sulcus lateral fissure lateral ventricle middle temporal gyrus occipitotemporal gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary auditory area primary olfactory area superior temporal gyrus superior temporal sulcus transverse temporal gyrus uncus information: boundaries: on the lateral surface the temporal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the imaginary line extending downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. it is bounded superiorly by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line extending from the lateral fissure to meet the imaginary line just described. on the medial surface it is bounded posteriorly by a line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipital notch. gyri and sulci: the lateral surface of the temporal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, which are separated from each other by the superior and inferior temporal sulci. the superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus, which forms the floor of the lateral fissure, is thrown into several transversely oriented folds, which are called the transverse temporal gyri (of heschl). the inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe is formed by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocampal gyrus, the occipitotemporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. the occipitotemporal gyrus is separated from the parahippocampal gyrus by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus by the occipitotemporal sulcus. the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus hooks backward to form a bump on its medial surface called the uncus. above the parahippocampal gyrus (not visible from the inferior surface) is the hippocampal gyrus, which actually forms the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle. specific functional areas: (1) primary auditory area - located on the transverse temporal gyri. (2) primary olfactory area - located on the uncus. Middle_Temporal_Gyrus ESSO:Migraine_Headache Migraine_Headache migrain headach migraine headache Migraine_Headache ESSO:Migrating_Focal_Seizures_of_Infancy Migrating_Focal_Seizures_of_Infancy d0000660 migrat focal seizur of infanc migrating focal seizures of infancy Migrating_Focal_Seizures_of_Infancy ESSO:Mimetic_Automotor_Seizure Mimetic_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Mimetic: Facial express suggest an emot state, often fear. blume 2001 mimetic: facial expression suggesting an emotional state, often fear. mimet automotor seizur mimetic automotor seizure Mimetic_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Mimetic_Automotor_Status Mimetic_Automotor_Status mimet automotor status mimetic automotor status Mimetic_Automotor_Status ESSO:Mimicry Mimicry mimicri mimicry Mimicry ESSO:Miscellaneous_Disease_Engel Miscellaneous_Disease_Engel Engel 2001 Miscellan engel 2001 miscellaneous miscellan diseas engel miscellaneous disease engel Miscellaneous_Disease_Engel ESSO:Mitochondrial_Encephalopathy_MELAS Mitochondrial_Encephalopathy_MELAS d0000666 mitochondri encephalopathi m e l a s mitochondrial encephalopathy m e l a s Mitochondrial_Encephalopathy_MELAS ESSO:Mitochondrial_Inheritance Mitochondrial_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition mitochondri inherit mitochondrial inheritance Mitochondrial_Inheritance ESSO:Mixed_Spasm Mixed_Spasm mix spasm mixed spasm Mixed_Spasm ESSO:Mixture_of_Frequencies Mixture_of_Frequencies mixtur of frequenc mixture of frequencies Mixture_of_Frequencies ESSO:Mnemonic Mnemonic Blume 2001 Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech mnemon mnemonic Mnemonic ESSO:Moan Moan bancaud 1981 moan moan Moan ESSO:Monitoring_of_Consequences Monitoring_of_Consequences Blume 2001 Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech monitor of consequ monitoring of consequences Monitoring_of_Consequences ESSO:Monocular_Diplopia Monocular_Diplopia Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. monocular diplopia Monocular_Diplopia ESSO:Monogenic_Mendelian_Disease_with_Complex_Pathogenic_Mechanism Monogenic_Mendelian_Disease_with_Complex_Pathogenic_Mechanism d0000669 monogen mendelian diseas with complex pathogen mechan monogenic mendelian disease with complex pathogenic mechanism Monogenic_Mendelian_Disease_with_Complex_Pathogenic_Mechanism ESSO:Monophasic Monophasic Noachter 1999 Monophas Wave: Wave develop on one side of the baseline. monophas monophasic noachter 1999 monophasic wave: wave developed on one side of the baseline. Monophasic ESSO:Monophasic_Wave Monophasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Monophas Wave: Wave develop on one side of the baseline. monophas wave monophasic wave noachter 1999 monophasic wave: wave developed on one side of the baseline. Monophasic_Wave ESSO:Months_Duration_Of_Condition Months_Duration_Of_Condition month durat of condit months duration of condition Months_Duration_Of_Condition ESSO:Mood Mood mood synonym with emot and affect Remov this synonymous with emotion and affect remove this Mood ESSO:Mood_Change Mood_Change mood chang mood change synonym with emot and affect Remov this synonymous with emotion and affect remove this Mood_Change ESSO:Morphology Morphology morpholog morphology Morphology ESSO:Motor_Aphasia Motor_Aphasia Affect a person abil to express and understand written and spoken language. JB: Can have motor or sensori aphasia affects a person's ability to express and understand written and spoken language. jb: can have motor or sensory aphasia motor aphasia Motor_Aphasia ESSO:Motor_Cortex_Seizure Motor_Cortex_Seizure ILAE 1989 Motor cortex. Motor cortex epilepsi are main character by simpl partial seizures, and their local depend on the side and topographi of the area involved. In case of the lower preroland area there may be speech arrest, vocal or dysphasia, tonic-clon movement of the face on the contralater side, or swallowing. Gener of the seizur frequent occurs. In the roland area, partial motor seizur without march or jacksonian seizur occur, particular begin in the contralater upper extremities. In the case of seizur involv the paracentr lobule, tonic movement of the ipsilater foot may occur as well as the expect contralater leg movements. Postict or Todd’ paralysi is frequent. ilae 1989 motor cortex. motor cortex epilepsies are mainly characterized by simple partial seizures, and their localization depends on the side and topography of the area involved. in cases of the lower prerolandic area there may be speech arrest, vocalization or dysphasia, tonic-clonic movements of the face on the contralateral side, or swallowing. generalization of the seizure frequently occurs. in the rolandic area, partial motor seizures without march or jacksonian seizures occur, particularly beginning in the contralateral upper extremities. in the case of seizures involving the paracentral lobule, tonic movements of the ipsilateral foot may occur as well as the expected contralateral leg movements. postictal or todd’s paralysis is frequent. motor cortex seizur motor cortex seizure Motor_Cortex_Seizure ESSO:Motor_Disability Motor_Disability motor disability motor disabl Motor_Disability ESSO:Motor_Dysphasia Motor_Dysphasia Languag disord that affect a person abil to communic language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate motor dysphasia Motor_Dysphasia ESSO:Motor_Region Motor_Region motor region Motor_Region ESSO:Motor_Signs Motor_Signs Relat to movement motor sign motor signs relates to movement Motor_Signs ESSO:Motor_Speech_Area Motor_Speech_Area Tancr 2005 Broca motor speech area is essenti for normal speech in that it coordin the activ of muscl associ with the product of speech. Structures: Aphasia - Expressiv Brodmann’ Area Cortic Area Inferior Frontal Gyrus Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G) Recept Speech Area Information: The Motor Speech (Broca's) Area is locat on the par triangulari and par operculari of the inferior frontal gyrus of the domin (usual the left) hemisphere. It correspond to Brodmann area 44 and 45. The motor speech area was identifi on the basi of clinic observ first report by Broca in the late nineteenth century. He observ that damag to this area result in produc the sound associ with speech, a condit known as motor or express aphasia. Patient with this condit speak slowly, with poor produc sound and as few word as possibl (they tend to leav out preposit and conjunct - telegraph speech). Their languag comprehens is normal. This area thus contain the code essenti for the product of speech. motor speech area tancred 2005 broca's motor speech area is essential for normal speech in that it coordinates the activity of muscles associated with the production of speech. structures: aphasia - expressive brodmann’s areas cortical areas inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g) receptive speech area information: the motor speech (broca's) area is located on the pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus of the dominant (usually the left) hemisphere. it corresponds to brodmann's areas 44 and 45. the motor speech area was identified on the basis of clinical observations first reported by broca in the late nineteenth century. he observed that damage to this area results in producing the sounds associated with speech, a condition known as motor or expressive aphasia. patients with this condition speak slowly, with poorly produced sounds and as few words as possible (they tend to leave out prepositions and conjunctions - telegraphic speech). their language comprehension is normal. this area thus contains the coding essential for the production of speech. Motor_Speech_Area ESSO:Motor_Strip Motor_Strip motor strip Motor_Strip ESSO:Mouth_Movements Mouth_Movements mouth movement mouth movements Mouth_Movements ESSO:Multifocal Multifocal Noachter 1999 Multifocal: More than two or more spatial separ foci (see focal, regional, multiregional). multifoc multifocal noachter 1999 multifocal: more than two or more spatially separated foci (see focal, regional, multiregional). Multifocal ESSO:Multifocal_Semiology Multifocal_Semiology multifoc semiolog multifocal semiology Multifocal_Semiology ESSO:Multiphasic Multiphasic multiphas multiphasic Multiphasic ESSO:Multiple Multiple Bancaud 1981 Multipl bancaud 1981 multiple multipl multiple Multiple ESSO:Multiple_Sclerosis Multiple_Sclerosis d0000675 multipl sclerosi multiple sclerosis Multiple_Sclerosis ESSO:Multiregional_Semiology Multiregional_Semiology multiregion semiolog multiregional semiology Multiregional_Semiology ESSO:Muscle_Contraction Muscle_Contraction Bancaud 1981 Contract bancaud 1981 contractions muscl contract muscle contraction Muscle_Contraction ESSO:Muscle_Group Muscle_Group Bancaud 1981 Group of Muscl bancaud 1981 groups of muscles muscl group muscle group Muscle_Group ESSO:Music Music engel 2001 music music Music ESSO:Music_Hallucination Music_Hallucination bancaud 1981 music music hallucin music hallucination Music_Hallucination ESSO:Music_Tone Music_Tone Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. music tone Music_Tone ESSO:Myoclonic_Astatic_Petit_Mal Myoclonic_Astatic_Petit_Mal d0000679 myoclon astat petit mal myoclonic astatic petit mal Myoclonic_Astatic_Petit_Mal ESSO:Myoclonic_Atonic_Epilepsy Myoclonic_Atonic_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Myoclon Atonic Seizur ILAE 2010 Myoclon Atonic Epilepsi engel 2001 myoclonic atonic seizures ilae 2010 myoclonic atonic epilepsy myoclon aton epilepsi myoclonic atonic epilepsy Myoclonic_Atonic_Epilepsy ESSO:Myoclonic_Contraction Myoclonic_Contraction Bancaud 1981 Clonic Convuls Movement bancaud 1981 clonic convulsive movements myoclon contract myoclonic contraction Myoclonic_Contraction ESSO:Myoclonic_Encephalopathy Myoclonic_Encephalopathy d0000681 myoclon encephalopathi myoclonic encephalopathy Myoclonic_Encephalopathy ESSO:Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_in_Nonprogressive_Disorders Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_in_Nonprogressive_Disorders ILAE 2010 Myoclon Encephalopathi in Nonprogress Disord ilae 2010 myoclonic encephalopathy in nonprogressive disorders myoclon encephalopathi in nonprogress disord myoclonic encephalopathy in nonprogressive disorders Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_in_Nonprogressive_Disorders ESSO:Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_of_Infants Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_of_Infants myoclon encephalopathi of infant myoclonic encephalopathy of infants Myoclonic_Encephalopathy_of_Infants ESSO:Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy_MEI Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy_MEI ILAE 2010 Myoclon Epilepsi in Infanci (MEI) ilae 2010 myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (mei) myoclon epilepsi in infanc m e i myoclonic epilepsy in infancy m e i Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy_MEI ESSO:Myotonic_Contraction Myotonic_Contraction Bancaud 1981 Tonic muscular contract bancaud 1981 tonic muscular contraction myoton contract myotonic contraction Myotonic_Contraction ESSO:N-Methyl-D-Aspartate_Receptor_NMDAR_Encephalitis N-Methyl-D-Aspartate_Receptor_NMDAR_Encephalitis Suleiman 2013 N-methyl-D-aspart receptor (NMDAR) enceph in which 76–83% of patient will have focal, focal dyscognitive, or general seizur (Dalmau et al., 2007, 2008, 2011; Irani & Vincent, 2011) NMDAR enceph is well describ (Floranc et al., 2009) n- methyl- d- aspart receptor n m d a r enceph n- methyl- d- aspartate receptor n m d a r encephalitis suleiman 2013 n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdar) encephalitis in which 76–83% of patients will have focal, focal dyscognitive, or generalized seizures (dalmau et al., 2007, 2008, 2011; irani & vincent, 2011) nmdar encephalitis is well described (florance et al., 2009) N-Methyl-D-Aspartate_Receptor_NMDAR_Encephalitis ESSO:NECAP1_Gene NECAP1_Gene n e c a p1 gene NECAP1_Gene ESSO:Narcolepsy_Cataplexy_Syndrome Narcolepsy_Cataplexy_Syndrome narcolepsi cataplexi syndrom narcolepsy cataplexy syndrome Narcolepsy_Cataplexy_Syndrome ESSO:Negative_Amplitude Negative_Amplitude negat amplitud negative amplitude Negative_Amplitude ESSO:Negative_Motor_Seizure Negative_Motor_Seizure ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Special Seizur Special seizur includ seizur character by “negative” featur (atonic, astatic, hypomotor, akinetic, and aphas seizures). ilae 1989 luders 1998 special seizure special seizures include seizures characterized by “negative” features (atonic, astatic, hypomotor, akinetic, and aphasic seizures). negat motor seizur negative motor seizure Negative_Motor_Seizure ESSO:Negative_Motor_Status Negative_Motor_Status Luder 1998 Seizur that cannot be classifi in ani of the four group outlin abov are categor as special seizures. This categori includ primarili seizur character by “negative” motor sign (aton seizure, akinet seizures, “hypomotor” seizures, and so on). Seizur that cannot be classifi in one of the four type describ abov are classifi as special seizures. All these seizur are “negative” or “inhibitory” motor seizur except the aphas seizur that most probabl repres ‘‘negat cognitive” seizures. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 seizures that cannot be classified in any of the four groups outlined above are categorized as special seizures. this category includes primarily seizures characterized by “negative” motor signs (atonic seizure, akinetic seizures, “hypomotor” seizures, and so on). seizures that cannot be classified in one of the four types described above are classified as special seizures. all these seizures are “negative” or “inhibitory” motor seizures except the aphasic seizures that most probably represent ‘‘negative cognitive” seizures. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. negat motor status negative motor status Negative_Motor_Status ESSO:Negative_Myoclonic_Status Negative_Myoclonic_Status Luder 1998 Negat Myoclon Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Negat myoclon seizur are seizur that consist of a brief interrupt of tonic muscl activ due to an epileptiform discharge. The brief interrupt of muscl activ may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclon jerk. However, the pathogenesi of the movement is a brief loss of muscl tone and not a burst of muscl potenti characterist of myoclon seizures. Evidenc suggest that these seizur are generat by epileptiform discharg in the primari sensorimotor cortex. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 negative myoclonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric negative myoclonic seizures are seizures that consist of a brief interruption of tonic muscle activity due to an epileptiform discharge. the brief interruption of muscle activity may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclonic jerk. however, the pathogenesis of the movement is a brief loss of muscle tone and not a burst of muscle potentials characteristic of myoclonic seizures. evidence suggests that these seizures are generated by epileptiform discharges in the primary sensorimotor cortex. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. negat myoclon status negative myoclonic status Negative_Myoclonic_Status ESSO:Negative_Polarity Negative_Polarity negat polar negative polarity Negative_Polarity ESSO:Negative_Visual_Illusion Negative_Visual_Illusion negat visual illus negative visual illusion Negative_Visual_Illusion ESSO:Neonatal_Seizures Neonatal_Seizures ILAE 1989 Neonat seizur Neonat seizur differ from those of older children and adults. The most frequent neonat seizur are describ as subtl becaus the clinic manifest are frequent overlooked. These includ tonic, horizont deviat of the eye with or without jerking, eyelid blink or fluttering, sucking, smacking, or other buccal-lingu oral movements, swim or pedal movement and, occasionally, apneic spells. Other neonat seizur occur as tonic extens of the limbs, mimick decerebr or decort posturing. These occur particular in prematur infants. Multifoc clonic seizur character by clonic movement of a limb, which may migrat to other bodi part or other limbs, or focal clonic seizures, which are much more localized, may occur. In the latter, the infant is usual not unconscious. Rarely, myoclon seizur may occur, and the EEG pattern is frequent that of suppression-burst activity. The tonic seizur have a poor prognosi becaus they frequent accompani intraventricular hemorrhage. The myoclon seizur also have a poor prognosi becaus they are frequent a part of the earli myoclon encephalopathi syndrome. ilae 1989 neonatal seizures neonatal seizures differ from those of older children and adults. the most frequent neonatal seizures are described as subtle because the clinical manifestations are frequently overlooked. these include tonic, horizontal deviation of the eyes with or without jerking, eyelid blinking or fluttering, sucking, smacking, or other buccal-lingual oral movements, swimming or pedaling movements and, occasionally, apneic spells. other neonatal seizures occur as tonic extension of the limbs, mimicking decerebrate or decorticate posturing. these occur particularly in premature infants. multifocal clonic seizures characterized by clonic movements of a limb, which may migrate to other body parts or other limbs, or focal clonic seizures, which are much more localized, may occur. in the latter, the infant is usually not unconscious. rarely, myoclonic seizures may occur, and the eeg pattern is frequently that of suppression-burst activity. the tonic seizures have a poor prognosis because they frequently accompany intraventricular hemorrhage. the myoclonic seizures also have a poor prognosis because they are frequently a part of the early myoclonic encephalopathy syndrome. neonat seizur neonatal seizures Neonatal_Seizures ESSO:Neurocutaneous_Disorder Neurocutaneous_Disorder Engel 2001 Neurocutan disord d0000691 engel 2001 neurocutaneous disorders neurocutan disord neurocutaneous disorder Neurocutaneous_Disorder ESSO:Neurocystercosis Neurocystercosis Fischer 2014 Neurocystercosi One or more brain cyst in an individu with neurocysticercosi may be incident find with no epileptogen activ in a particular individual. Risk doe not equat with causation. When in doubt, practition should consid refer a patient to a special epilepsi center with experi in diagnosi fischer 2014 neurocystercosis one or more brain cysts in an individual with neurocysticercosis may be incidental findings with no epileptogenic activity in a particular individual. risk does not equate with causation. when in doubt, practitioners should consider referring a patient to a specialized epilepsy center with experience in diagnosis neurocystercosi neurocystercosis Neurocystercosis ESSO:Neuroimaging_Test Neuroimaging_Test Blume 2001 Neuroimag may aid diagnosi Berg 2010 imag blume 2001 neuroimaging may aid diagnosis berg 2010 imaging neuroimag test neuroimaging test Neuroimaging_Test ESSO:Neuroimaging_Test_Anatomic Neuroimaging_Test_Anatomic neuroimag test anatom neuroimaging test anatomic Neuroimaging_Test_Anatomic ESSO:Neuroimaging_Test_Functional Neuroimaging_Test_Functional neuroimag test function neuroimaging test functional Neuroimaging_Test_Functional ESSO:Neurologic_Disease Neurologic_Disease Too vagu neurolog diseas neurologic disease too vague Neurologic_Disease ESSO:Neurologic_Exam Neurologic_Exam ILAE 1989 Memori Deficits/Amnesia Postict confus Ataxia (Cerebellar) Pyramid sign Cerebellar sign Interict myoclonus Luder 1998 Noachter 1999 Neurolog condit Blume 2003 Babinski sign 2003 Blume Determin hing on seizur description, frequency, age at onset, neurolog history, function enquiry, neurolog examin and one or more EEGs 2010 Berg Motor and sensori examin ilae 1989 memory deficits/amnesia postictal confusion ataxia (cerebellar) pyramidal signs cerebellar signs interictal myoclonus luders 1998 noachter 1999 neurologic condition blume 2003 babinski's sign 2003 blume determination hinges on seizure description, frequency, age at onset, neurological history, functional enquiry, neurological examination and one or more eegs 2010 berg motor and sensory examinations neurolog exam neurologic exam Neurologic_Exam ESSO:Neurologic_Pathology Neurologic_Pathology These are the structur patholog of larger condit neurolog patholog neurologic pathology these are the structural pathologies of larger conditions Neurologic_Pathology ESSO:Neuronal_Surface_Antibody_Syndromes Neuronal_Surface_Antibody_Syndromes d0000695 neuron surfac antibodi syndrom neuronal surface antibody syndromes Neuronal_Surface_Antibody_Syndromes ESSO:Neuropsychologic_Sign Neuropsychologic_Sign neuropsycholog sign neuropsychologic sign Neuropsychologic_Sign ESSO:No_Clinical_Significance No_Clinical_Significance Known normal pattern that have no clinic relev toward diagnosi of someth abnormal. known normal patterns that have no clinical relevance towards diagnosis of something abnormal. no clinic signific no clinical significance No_Clinical_Significance ESSO:Noachter_1999_Absence Noachter_1999_Absence Noachter 1999 Absence: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. Term suggested, whenev appropriate: spike-and-slow-wav complex; 3/s spike-and-slow-wav complex; sharp-and-slow- wave complex. noachter 1999 absenc noachter 1999 absence noachter 1999 absence: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. terms suggested, whenever appropriate: spike-and-slow-wave complex; 3/s spike-and-slow-wave complex; sharp-and-slow- wave complex. Noachter_1999_Absence ESSO:Noachter_1999_Activation_Procedure Noachter_1999_Activation_Procedure Noachter 1999 Activat procedure: (1) Ani procedur design to enhanc or elicit normal or abnorm EEG activity, especi paroxysm activity. Examples: hyperventilation, photic stimulation, sleep, inject of convuls drugs. (2) Induction of an EEG pattern consist of a low voltag record which becom appar upon block of EEG rhythm by physiolog or other stimuli such as electr stimul of the brain (use in this mean discouraged). noachter 1999 activ procedur noachter 1999 activation procedure noachter 1999 activation procedure: (1) any procedure designed to enhance or elicit normal or abnormal eeg activity, especially paroxysmal activity. examples: hyperventilation, photic stimulation, sleep, injection of convulsant drugs. (2) induction of an eeg pattern consisting of a low voltage record which becomes apparent upon blocking of eeg rhythms by physiological or other stimuli such as electrical stimulation of the brain (use in this meaning discouraged). Noachter_1999_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Noachter_1999_Active_Electrode Noachter_1999_Active_Electrode Noachter 1999 Active electrode: Use of term discouraged. Comment: all electrod may be activ includ all cephal references. The use of this term may be accept when record brain signal with a noncephal refer electrode. noachter 1999 activ electrod noachter 1999 active electrode noachter 1999 active electrode: use of term discouraged. comment: all electrodes may be active including all cephalic references. the use of this term may be acceptable when recording brain signals with a noncephalic reference electrode. Noachter_1999_Active_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_After-Discharge Noachter_1999_After-Discharge Noachter 1999 After-discharge: (1) EEG seizur pattern follow singl or repetit electr stimul of a discret area of the brain via cortic or intracerebr electrodes. (2) Burst of rhythmic activ follow a transient such as an evok potenti or a spike. noachter 1999 after- discharg noachter 1999 after- discharge noachter 1999 after-discharge: (1) eeg seizure pattern following single or repetitive electrical stimulations of a discrete area of the brain via cortical or intracerebral electrodes. (2) burst of rhythmic activity following a transient such as an evoked potential or a spike. Noachter_1999_After-Discharge ESSO:Noachter_1999_Aliasing Noachter_1999_Aliasing Noachter 1999 Aliasing: Distort of the EEG signal, which occur when the signal is digit at less than half the highest frequenc present (see Nyquist theorem). noachter 1999 alias noachter 1999 aliasing noachter 1999 aliasing: distortion of the eeg signal, which occurs when the signal is digitized at less than half the highest frequency present (see nyquist theorem). Noachter_1999_Aliasing ESSO:Noachter_1999_Alpha_Band Noachter_1999_Alpha_Band Noachter 1999 Alpha band: Frequenc band of 8-13 Hz. Greek letter: 0'.. noachter 1999 alpha band noachter 1999 alpha band: frequency band of 8-13 hz. greek letter: 0'.. Noachter_1999_Alpha_Band ESSO:Noachter_1999_Alpha_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Alpha_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Alpha rhythm: Rhythm at 8-13 Hz occur dure wake over the posterior region of the head, general with maximum amplitud over the occipit areas. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 uV in the adult. Best seen with the eye close and dure physic relax and relat mental inactivity. Block or attenu by attention, especi visual, and mental effort. Comment: use of term alpha rhythm must be restrict to those rhythm that fulfil these criteria. Activiti in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regard their topographi and/or reactivity, should either have specif appel (for instance: the mu [u] rhythm) or should be refer to as rhythm of alpha frequency, or alpha activity. noachter 1999 alpha rhythm noachter 1999 alpha rhythm: rhythm at 8-13 hz occurring during wakefulness over the posterior regions of the head, generally with maximum amplitudes over the occipital areas. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 uv in the adult. best seen with the eyes closed and during physical relaxation and relative mental inactivity. blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. comment: use of term alpha rhythm must be restricted to those rhythms that fulfill these criteria. activities in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regards their topography and/or reactivity, should either have specific appellations (for instance: the mu [u] rhythm) or should be referred to as rhythms of alpha frequency, or alpha activity. Noachter_1999_Alpha_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Alpha variant rhythms: Certain characterist EEG rhythm that are record most promin over the posterior region of the head and differ in frequenc but resembl in reactiv the alpha rhythm. Comment: often at a supra or sub-harmon of alpha frequenc may occur when no alpha rhythm is visibl (see: fast alpha valiant rhythm; slow alpha variant rhythm. noachter 1999 alpha variant rhythm noachter 1999 alpha variant rhythms: certain characteristic eeg rhythms that are recorded most prominently over the posterior regions of the head and differ in frequency but resemble in reactivity the alpha rhythm. comment: often at a supra or sub-harmonic of alpha frequency may occur when no alpha rhythm is visible (see: fast alpha valiant rhythm; slow alpha variant rhythm. Noachter_1999_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Alpha_Wave Noachter_1999_Alpha_Wave Noachter 1999 Alpha wave: Wave with durat of 1/8-1/13 s. noachter 1999 alpha wave noachter 1999 alpha wave: wave with duration of 1/8-1/13 s. Noachter_1999_Alpha_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Alphoid_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Alphoid_Rhythm noachter 1999 alphoid rhythm noachter 1999 alphoid rhythm: use of term discouraged. term suggested: alpha rhythm. Noachter_1999_Alphoid_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Amplitude Noachter_1999_Amplitude Noachter 1999 Amplitude: Voltag of EEG wave express in microvolt (uV). Measur peak-to-peak. Comment: size of an EEG wave is dependent?upon signal voltag divid by the pen writer or of display sensitivity. EEG depict the differ in potenti between electrod pairs. It is therefor depend on the method of deriv and has no simpl relationship to actual amount of cerebr activity. EEG wave record from the surfac of the head are attenu and distort by interven structures, particular the skull. noachter 1999 amplitud noachter 1999 amplitude noachter 1999 amplitude: voltage of eeg waves expressed in microvolts (uv). measured peak-to-peak. comment: size of an eeg wave is dependent?upon signal voltage divided by the pen writer or of display sensitivity. eeg depicts the difference in potential between electrode pairs. it is therefore dependent on the method of derivation and has no simple relationship to actual amount of cerebral activity. eeg waves recorded from the surface of the head are attenuated and distorted by intervening structures, particularly the skull. Noachter_1999_Amplitude ESSO:Noachter_1999_Analog-to-Digital_Conversion_AD_Conversion Noachter_1999_Analog-to-Digital_Conversion_AD_Conversion Noachter 1999 Analog-to-digit convers (AD conversion): Transform of a continuous, analog EEG into it digit represent (a discontinu seri of discret amplitud measurements). AD convers is character by the sampl rate, which is the number of time per second at which the signal is transform into numbers, and the amplitud resolution, the number of numer valu which can be distinguish within the dynam rang of the system (usual express as the number of binari digits). noachter 1999 analog-to- digit convers a d convers noachter 1999 analog-to- digital conversion a d conversion noachter 1999 analog-to-digital conversion (ad conversion): transformation of a continuous, analog eeg into its digital representation (a discontinuous series of discrete amplitude measurements). ad conversion is characterized by the sampling rate, which is the number of times per second at which the signal is transformed into numbers, and the amplitude resolution, the number of numerical values which can be distinguished within the dynamic range of the system (usually expressed as the number of binary digits). Noachter_1999_Analog-to-Digital_Conversion_AD_Conversion ESSO:Noachter_1999_Aperiodic Noachter_1999_Aperiodic Noachter 1999 Aperiodic: Appli to: (1) EEG wave or complex occur in a sequenc at an irregular rate, (2) EEG wave or complex occur intermitt at irregular intervals. noachter 1999 aperiod noachter 1999 aperiodic noachter 1999 aperiodic: applies to: (1) eeg waves or complexes occurring in a sequence at an irregular rate, (2) eeg waves or complexes occurring intermittently at irregular intervals. Noachter_1999_Aperiodic ESSO:Noachter_1999_Apotentiality Noachter_1999_Apotentiality Noachter 1999 Apotentiality: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: record of electrocerebr inactivity. noachter 1999 apotenti noachter 1999 apotentiality noachter 1999 apotentiality: use of term discouraged. term suggested: record of electrocerebral inactivity. Noachter_1999_Apotentiality ESSO:Noachter_1999_Arceau Noachter_1999_Arceau Noachter 1999 Mu Rhythm: Rhythm at 7-11 Hz, compos of arch-shap wave occur over the central or centropariet region of the scalp dure wakefulness. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 uV. Block or attenu most clear by contralater movement, thought of movement, readi to move or tactil stimulation. Greek letter: u. Synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythm (use discouraged). noachter 1999 arceau noachter 1999 mu rhythm: rhythm at 7-11 hz, composed of arch-shaped waves occurring over the central or centroparietal regions of the scalp during wakefulness. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 uv. blocked or attenuated most clearly by contralateral movement, thought of movement, readiness to move or tactile stimulation. greek letter: u. synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythms (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Arceau ESSO:Noachter_1999_Arousal Noachter_1999_Arousal Noachter 1999 Chang from a lower to a higher level of arous as manifest in EEG. noachter 1999 arous noachter 1999 arousal noachter 1999 change from a lower to a higher level of arousal as manifest in eeg. Noachter_1999_Arousal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Arrhythmic_Activity Noachter_1999_Arrhythmic_Activity Noachter 1999 Arrhythmic activity: A sequenc of wave of inconst period (see rhythm). noachter 1999 arrhythm activ noachter 1999 arrhythmic activity noachter 1999 arrhythmic activity: a sequence of waves of inconstant period (see rhythm). Noachter_1999_Arrhythmic_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Artifact Noachter_1999_Artifact Noachter 1999 Artifact: (1) A potenti differ due to an extracerebr source, record in EEG tracings. (2) A modif of the EEG caus by extracerebr factor such as alter of the media surround the brain, instrument distort or malfunction, and oper errors. noachter 1999 artifact noachter 1999 artifact: (1) a potential difference due to an extracerebral source, recorded in eeg tracings. (2) a modification of the eeg caused by extracerebral factors such as alterations of the media surrounding the brain, instrumental distortion or malfunction, and operational errors. Noachter_1999_Artifact ESSO:Noachter_1999_Asymmetry Noachter_1999_Asymmetry Noachter 1999 Asymmetry: Unequal amplitud of EEG activ over homolog area on opposit side of the head. noachter 1999 asymmetri noachter 1999 asymmetry noachter 1999 asymmetry: unequal amplitude of eeg activities over homologous areas on opposite sides of the head. Noachter_1999_Asymmetry ESSO:Noachter_1999_Asynchronous Noachter_1999_Asynchronous Independ (temporally): Synonym: asynchronous. independent (temporally): synonym: asynchronous. noachter 1999 asynchron noachter 1999 asynchronous Noachter_1999_Asynchronous ESSO:Noachter_1999_Asynchrony Noachter_1999_Asynchrony Noachter 1999 Asynchrony: The non-simultan occurr of EEG activ over region on the same or opposit side of the head. noachter 1999 asynchroni noachter 1999 asynchrony noachter 1999 asynchrony: the non-simultaneous occurrence of eeg activities over regions on the same or opposite sides of the head. Noachter_1999_Asynchrony ESSO:Noachter_1999_Attenuation Noachter_1999_Attenuation Noachter 1999 Attenuation: (1) Reduct in amplitud of EEG activity. May occur transient in respons to physiolog or other stimuli, such as electr stimul of the brain, or result from patholog condit (see blocking). (2) Reduct of sensit of an EEG channel, i.e. decreas of output deflect dure oper of sensit or filter controls. Customarili express as relat reduct of sensit at certain state frequenc (see sensitivity; high frequenc filter; low frequenc filter). noachter 1999 attenu noachter 1999 attenuation noachter 1999 attenuation: (1) reduction in amplitude of eeg activity. may occur transiently in response to physiological or other stimuli, such as electrical stimulation of the brain, or result from pathological conditions (see blocking). (2) reduction of sensitivity of an eeg channel, i.e. decrease of output deflection during operation of sensitivity or filter controls. customarily expressed as relative reduction of sensitivity at certain stated frequencies (see sensitivity; high frequency filter; low frequency filter). Noachter_1999_Attenuation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Atypical_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter_1999_Atypical_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Atypic spike-and-slow-wav complex: Paroxysm consist of a sequenc of spike-and-slow-wav complex that occur bilater but do not meet the criteria of 3 per second spike-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 atyp spike-and- slow- wave complex noachter 1999 atypical spike-and- slow- wave complex noachter 1999 atypical spike-and-slow-wave complex: paroxysms consisting of a sequence of spike-and-slow-wave complexes that occur bilaterally but do not meet the criteria of 3 per second spike-and-slow-wave complex. Noachter_1999_Atypical_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Augmentation Noachter_1999_Augmentation Noachter 1999 Augmentation: Increas in amplitud of electr activity. noachter 1999 augment noachter 1999 augmentation noachter 1999 augmentation: increase in amplitude of electrical activity. Noachter_1999_Augmentation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Average_Potential_Reference Noachter_1999_Average_Potential_Reference Noachter 1999 Averag potenti reference: Averag of the potenti of all or mani EEG electrodes, use as a reference. Synonym: Goldman-Offn refer (use discouraged). Term suggested: common averag reference. noachter 1999 averag potenti refer noachter 1999 average potential reference noachter 1999 average potential reference: average of the potentials of all or many eeg electrodes, used as a reference. synonym: goldman-offner reference (use discouraged). term suggested: common average reference. Noachter_1999_Average_Potential_Reference ESSO:Noachter_1999_Background_Activity Noachter_1999_Background_Activity Noachter 1999 Background activity: Ani EEG activ repres the set in which a given normal or abnorm pattern appear and from which such pattern is distinguished. Comment: not a synonym of ani individu rhythm such as the alpha rhythm. noachter 1999 background activ noachter 1999 background activity noachter 1999 background activity: any eeg activity representing the setting in which a given normal or abnormal pattern appears and from which such pattern is distinguished. comment: not a synonym of any individual rhythm such as the alpha rhythm. Noachter_1999_Background_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Background_Slow_Activity Noachter_1999_Background_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Background slow activity: The frequenc of the background rhythm is below the normal value. noachter 1999 background slow activ noachter 1999 background slow activity noachter 1999 background slow activity: the frequency of the background rhythm is below the normal value. Noachter_1999_Background_Slow_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Band Noachter_1999_Band Noachter 1999 Band: Portion of EEG frequenc spectrum, i.e. delta, theta, alpha, beta bands. noachter 1999 band noachter 1999 band: portion of eeg frequency spectrum, i.e. delta, theta, alpha, beta bands. Noachter_1999_Band ESSO:Noachter_1999_Basal_Electrode Noachter_1999_Basal_Electrode Noachter 1999 Basal Electrode: Ani electrod locat in proxim to the base of the skull (see foramen oval electrode, nasopharyng electrode; sphenoid electrode). noachter 1999 basal electrod noachter 1999 basal electrode noachter 1999 basal electrode: any electrode located in proximity to the base of the skull (see foramen ovale electrode, nasopharyngeal electrode; sphenoidal electrode). Noachter_1999_Basal_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Baseline Noachter_1999_Baseline Noachter 1999 Baseline: (1) Strictly: line obtain when an ident voltag is appli to the two input termin of an EEG amplifi or when the instrument is in the calibr posit but no calibr signal is applied. (2) Loosely: imaginari line correspond to the approxim mean valu of the EEG activ assess visual in an EEG deriv over a period of time. noachter 1999 baselin noachter 1999 baseline noachter 1999 baseline: (1) strictly: line obtained when an identical voltage is applied to the two input terminals of an eeg amplifier or when the instrument is in the calibrate position but no calibration signal is applied. (2) loosely: imaginary line corresponding to the approximate mean values of the eeg activity assessed visually in an eeg derivation over a period of time. Noachter_1999_Baseline ESSO:Noachter_1999_Benign_Epileptiform_Discharges_of_Childhood Noachter_1999_Benign_Epileptiform_Discharges_of_Childhood Noachter 1999 Benign epileptiform discharg of childhood: Region or multiregion sharp waves, which are normal follow by a negat slow wave with lower amplitud than the negat peak of the sharp wave and which typic show a bipolar distribut with a posit sink in the mid frontal region. These sharp wave often have a multiregion distribut and are easi to recogn by their typic morphology. If they occur in the centrotempor region, they are also call \"Roland spikes\". They typic increas dure sleep and tend to appear in series. noachter 1999 benign epileptiform discharg of childhood noachter 1999 benign epileptiform discharges of childhood noachter 1999 benign epileptiform discharges of childhood: regional or multiregional sharp waves, which are normally followed by a negative slow wave with lower amplitude than the negative peak of the sharp wave and which typically show a bipolar distribution with a positive sink in the mid frontal region. these sharp waves often have a multiregional distribution and are easy to recognize by their typical morphology. if they occur in the centrotemporal region, they are also called \"rolandic spikes\". they typically increase during sleep and tend to appear in series. Noachter_1999_Benign_Epileptiform_Discharges_of_Childhood ESSO:Noachter_1999_Benign_Epileptiform_Transient_of_Sleep_BETS Noachter_1999_Benign_Epileptiform_Transient_of_Sleep_BETS Noachter 1999 Benign epileptiform transient of sleep (BETS): Small sharp spike (SSS) of veri short durat and low amplitude, often follow by a small theta wave, occur in the tempor region dure drowsi and light sleep. This pattern is of littl clinic signific (see small sharp spikes). noachter 1999 benign epileptiform transient of sleep (bets): small sharp spikes (sss) of very short duration and low amplitude, often followed by a small theta wave, occurring in the temporal regions during drowsiness and light sleep. this pattern is of little clinical significance (see small sharp spikes). noachter 1999 benign epileptiform transient of sleep b e t s Noachter_1999_Benign_Epileptiform_Transient_of_Sleep_BETS ESSO:Noachter_1999_Beta_Band Noachter_1999_Beta_Band Noachter 1999 Beta band: Frequenc band from 14 to 40 Hz. Greek letter: Beta (see gamma band). noachter 1999 beta band noachter 1999 beta band: frequency band from 14 to 40 hz. greek letter: beta (see gamma band). Noachter_1999_Beta_Band ESSO:Noachter_1999_Beta_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Beta_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Beta rhythm: In general: ani EEG rhythm between 14 and 40 Hz. Most characteristically: a rhythm from 14 to 40 Hz record over the frontocentr region of the head dure wakefulness. Amplitud of frontocentr beta rhythm vari but is most below 30uV Block or attenu by contralater movement or tactil stimul is especi obvious in electrocorticograms. Other beta rhythm are most promin in other locat or are diffuse. noachter 1999 beta rhythm noachter 1999 beta rhythm: in general: any eeg rhythm between 14 and 40 hz. most characteristically: a rhythm from 14 to 40 hz recorded over the frontocentral regions of the head during wakefulness. amplitude of frontocentral beta rhythm varies but is mostly below 30uv blocking or attenuation by contralateral movement or tactile stimulation is especially obvious in electrocorticograms. other beta rhythms are most prominent in other locations or are diffuse. Noachter_1999_Beta_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bilateral Noachter_1999_Bilateral Noachter 1999 Bilateral: Involv both side of the head. noachter 1999 bilater noachter 1999 bilateral noachter 1999 bilateral: involving both sides of the head. Noachter_1999_Bilateral ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bilaterally_Synchronous Noachter_1999_Bilaterally_Synchronous Noachter 1999 Bisynchronous: Abbreviat for bilater synchron (use discouraged). noachter 1999 bilater synchron noachter 1999 bilaterally synchronous noachter 1999 bisynchronous: abbreviation for bilaterally synchronous (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Bilaterally_Synchronous ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bin_Width Noachter_1999_Bin_Width Noachter 1999 Bin width: Time, usual express in microseconds, elaps between two success sampl point in digit EEG (see digit EEG). noachter 1999 bin width noachter 1999 bin width: time, usually expressed in microseconds, elapsing between two successive sampling points in digital eeg (see digital eeg). Noachter_1999_Bin_Width ESSO:Noachter_1999_Biological_Calibration Noachter_1999_Biological_Calibration Noachter 1999 Biolog calibration: See common EEG input test. noachter 1999 biolog calibr noachter 1999 biological calibration noachter 1999 biological calibration: see common eeg input test. Noachter_1999_Biological_Calibration ESSO:Noachter_1999_Biparital_Hump Noachter_1999_Biparital_Hump Noachter 1999 Bipariet hump: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: vertex sharp transient. noachter 1999 biparietal hump: use of term discouraged. term suggested: vertex sharp transient. noachter 1999 biparit hump noachter 1999 biparital hump Noachter_1999_Biparital_Hump ESSO:Noachter_1999_Biphasic_Wave Noachter_1999_Biphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Biphas wave: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: diphas wave. noachter 1999 biphas wave noachter 1999 biphasic wave noachter 1999 biphasic wave: use of term discouraged. term suggested: diphasic wave. Noachter_1999_Biphasic_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bipolar_Derivation Noachter_1999_Bipolar_Derivation Noachter 1999 Bipolar derivation: (1) Record from a pair of electrodes. (2) Method of organ the linkag of electrod to record channel (see bipolar montage). noachter 1999 bipolar deriv noachter 1999 bipolar derivation noachter 1999 bipolar derivation: (1) recording from a pair of electrodes. (2) method of organizing the linkages of electrodes to recording channels (see bipolar montage). Noachter_1999_Bipolar_Derivation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Bipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Bipolar montage: Multipl bipolar derivations, with no electrod be common to all derivations. In most instances, bipolar deriv are linked, i.e. adjac deriv from electrod along the same line of electrod have one electrod in common, connect to the input termin 2 of one amplifi and to the input termin 1 of the follow amplifi (see refer montage). noachter 1999 bipolar montag noachter 1999 bipolar montage noachter 1999 bipolar montage: multiple bipolar derivations, with no electrode being common to all derivations. in most instances, bipolar derivations are linked, i.e. adjacent derivations from electrodes along the same line of electrodes have one electrode in common, connected to the input terminal 2 of one amplifier and to the input terminal 1 of the following amplifier (see reference montage). Noachter_1999_Bipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bisynchronous Noachter_1999_Bisynchronous Noachter 1999 Bisynchronous: Abbreviat for bilater synchron (use discouraged). noachter 1999 bisynchron noachter 1999 bisynchronous noachter 1999 bisynchronous: abbreviation for bilaterally synchronous (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Bisynchronous ESSO:Noachter_1999_Blacklead Noachter_1999_Blacklead Noachter 1999 Blacklead: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: input termin 1. noachter 1999 blacklead noachter 1999 blacklead: use of term discouraged. term suggested: input terminal 1. Noachter_1999_Blacklead ESSO:Noachter_1999_Blocking Noachter_1999_Blocking Noachter 1999 Blocking: (1) Apparent, temporari obliter of EEG rhythm in respons to physiolog or other stimuli such as electr stimul of the brain (see attenuation). (2) A condit of temporari unrespons of the EEG amplifier, caus by major overload. Manifest initi by extreme, flat-top trace excursion(s) last up to a few second (see overload, clipping). noachter 1999 block noachter 1999 blocking noachter 1999 blocking: (1) apparent, temporary obliteration of eeg rhythms in response to physiological or other stimuli such as electrical stimulation of the brain (see attenuation). (2) a condition of temporary unresponsiveness of the eeg amplifier, caused by major overload. manifested initially by extreme, flat-topped trace excursion(s) lasting up to a few seconds (see overload, clipping). Noachter_1999_Blocking ESSO:Noachter_1999_Brain_Wave Noachter_1999_Brain_Wave noachter 1999 brain wave noachter 1999 brain wave: use of term discouraged. term suggested: eeg wave. Noachter_1999_Brain_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Bugger_Amplifier Noachter_1999_Bugger_Amplifier Noachter 1999 Buffer amplifier: An amplifier, general with a voltag gain of 1, a high input impedance, and a low output impedance, use to isol the input signal from the load effect of an immedi follow circuit. In some electroencephalographs, each input is connect to a buffer amplifi locat in the jack box to reduc cabl artifact and interference. noachter 1999 buffer amplifier: an amplifier, generally with a voltage gain of 1, a high input impedance, and a low output impedance, used to isolate the input signal from the loading effects of an immediately following circuit. in some electroencephalographs, each input is connected to a buffer amplifier located in the jack box to reduce cable artifact and interference. noachter 1999 bugger amplifi noachter 1999 bugger amplifier Noachter_1999_Bugger_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_Build-up Noachter_1999_Build-up Noachter 1999 Build-up: Colloquialism. Frequent employ to describ progress increas in voltag of the EEG or appear of wave of increas amplitude, frequent associ with decreas in frequenc dure hyperventilation. Sometim appli to hyperventil or seizur discharg (use discouraged). noachter 1999 build-up noachter 1999 build-up: colloquialism. frequently employed to describe progressive increase in voltage of the eeg or appearance of waves of increasing amplitude, frequently associated with decrease in frequency during hyperventilation. sometimes applied to hyperventilation or seizure discharges (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Build-up ESSO:Noachter_1999_Burst Noachter_1999_Burst Noachter 1999 Burst: A group of wave which appear and disappear abrupt and are distinguish from background activ by differ in frequency, form and/or amplitude. Comments: (1) term doe not impli abnormality. (2) Not a synonym of paroxysm (see paroxysm). noachter 1999 burst noachter 1999 burst: a group of waves which appear and disappear abruptly and are distinguished from background activity by differences in frequency, form and/or amplitude. comments: (1) term does not imply abnormality. (2) not a synonym of paroxysm (see paroxysm). Noachter_1999_Burst ESSO:Noachter_1999_Burst_Suppression Noachter_1999_Burst_Suppression Noachter 1999 Burst suppression: Pattern character by burst of theta and/or delta waves, at time intermix with faster waves, and interven period of low amplitud (below 20 uV). Comment: EEG pattern that indic either sever brain dysfunct or is typic for some anesthet drug at certain level of anesthesia. noachter 1999 burst suppress noachter 1999 burst suppression noachter 1999 burst suppression: pattern characterized by bursts of theta and/or delta waves, at times intermixed with faster waves, and intervening periods of low amplitude (below 20 uv). comment: eeg pattern that indicates either severe brain dysfunction or is typical for some anesthetic drugs at certain levels of anesthesia. Noachter_1999_Burst_Suppression ESSO:Noachter_1999_Calibration Noachter_1999_Calibration Noachter 1999 Calibration: (1) Procedur of test and record the respons of EEG channel to voltag differ appli to the input termin of their respect amplifiers. Comment: DC (usually) or AC voltag of magnitud compar to the amplitud of EEG wave are use in this procedure. (2) The procedur of test the accuraci of paper speed by mean of a time marker (see common EEG input test). noachter 1999 calibr noachter 1999 calibration noachter 1999 calibration: (1) procedure of testing and recording the responses of eeg channels to voltage differences applied to the input terminals of their respective amplifiers. comment: dc (usually) or ac voltages of magnitude comparable to the amplitudes of eeg waves are used in this procedure. (2) the procedure of testing the accuracy of paper speed by means of a time marker (see common eeg input test). Noachter_1999_Calibration ESSO:Noachter_1999_Channel Noachter_1999_Channel Noachter 1999 Channel: Complet system for the detection, amplif and display of potenti differ between a pair of electrodes. Comment: analog electroencephalograph general have sever EEG channels. Digit EEG machin simul a multichannel display by trace sever voltag time plot on a visual display. noachter 1999 channel noachter 1999 channel: complete system for the detection, amplification and display of potential differences between a pair of electrodes. comment: analog electroencephalographs generally have several eeg channels. digital eeg machines simulate a multichannel display by tracing several voltage time plots on a visual display. Noachter_1999_Channel ESSO:Noachter_1999_Circumferential_Bipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Circumferential_Bipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Circumferenti bipolar montage: A montag consist of link bipolar deriv in a circular shape around the head. Common bilater longitudin tempor electrod chain are link together. noachter 1999 circumferenti bipolar montag noachter 1999 circumferential bipolar montage noachter 1999 circumferential bipolar montage: a montage consisting of linked bipolar derivations in a circular shape around the head. commonly bilateral longitudinal temporal electrode chains are linked together. Noachter_1999_Circumferential_Bipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Clipping Noachter_1999_Clipping Noachter 1999 Clipping: Distort of EEG wave which make them appear flat-top in the write-out or display. Caus by overload. noachter 1999 clip noachter 1999 clipping noachter 1999 clipping: distortion of eeg waves which makes them appear flat-topped in the write-out or display. caused by overload. Noachter_1999_Clipping ESSO:Noachter_1999_Closely_Spaced_Electrodes Noachter_1999_Closely_Spaced_Electrodes Noachter 1999 Close space electrodes: Addition scalp electrod place at half distanc between the standard electrod of the ten-twenti system (see ten-ten system, standard electrode, special electrode). noachter 1999 close space electrod noachter 1999 closely spaced electrodes noachter 1999 closely spaced electrodes: additional scalp electrode placed at half distance between the standard electrodes of the ten-twenty system (see ten-ten system, standard electrode, special electrode). Noachter_1999_Closely_Spaced_Electrodes ESSO:Noachter_1999_Comb_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Comb_Rhythm noachter 1999 comb rhythm noachter 1999 comb rhythm: use of term discouraged. term suggested: mu (u) rhythm. Noachter_1999_Comb_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Common_Average_Reference Noachter_1999_Common_Average_Reference Noachter 1999 Common averag reference: See averag potenti reference. noachter 1999 common averag refer noachter 1999 common average reference noachter 1999 common average reference: see average potential reference. Noachter_1999_Common_Average_Reference ESSO:Noachter_1999_Common_EEG_Input_Test Noachter_1999_Common_EEG_Input_Test Noachter 1999 Common EEG input test: Procedur in which the same pair of EEG electrod is connect to the two input termin of all channel of the electroencephalograph. Synonym: biolog calibration. Comment: use as adjunct to calibr procedur (see calibration). noachter 1999 common e e g input test noachter 1999 common eeg input test: procedure in which the same pair of eeg electrodes is connected to the two input terminals of all channels of the electroencephalograph. synonym: biological calibration. comment: used as adjunct to calibration procedure (see calibration). Noachter_1999_Common_EEG_Input_Test ESSO:Noachter_1999_Common_Mode_Rejection Noachter_1999_Common_Mode_Rejection Noachter 1999 Common mode rejection: A characterist of differenti amplifi wherebi they provid mark reduc amplif of common mode signals, compar to differenti signals. Express as common mode reject ratio, i.e. ratio of amplif of differenti and common mode signals. Example: (amplification, differential) / (amplification, common mode) =100,000/1 = 100,000 : 1 noachter 1999 common mode reject noachter 1999 common mode rejection noachter 1999 common mode rejection: a characteristic of differential amplifiers whereby they provide markedly reduced amplification of common mode signals, compared to differential signals. expressed as common mode rejection ratio, i.e. ratio of amplifications of differential and common mode signals. example: (amplification, differential) / (amplification, common mode) =100,000/1 = 100,000 : 1 Noachter_1999_Common_Mode_Rejection ESSO:Noachter_1999_Common_Mode_Signal Noachter_1999_Common_Mode_Signal Noachter 1999 Common Mode Signal: Common compon of the two signal appli to the two input termin of a differenti EEG amplifier. Comment: in EEG recording, extern capacit interfer frequent occur as a common mode signal. noachter 1999 common mode signal noachter 1999 common mode signal: common component of the two signals applied to the two input terminals of a differential eeg amplifier. comment: in eeg recording, external capacitative interference frequently occurs as a common mode signal. Noachter_1999_Common_Mode_Signal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Common_Reference_Electrode Noachter_1999_Common_Reference_Electrode Noachter 1999 Common Refer Electrode: A refer electrod connect to the input termin 2 of sever or all EEG amplifiers. noachter 1999 common refer electrod noachter 1999 common reference electrode noachter 1999 common reference electrode: a reference electrode connected to the input terminal 2 of several or all eeg amplifiers. Noachter_1999_Common_Reference_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Common_Reference_Montage Noachter_1999_Common_Reference_Montage Noachter 1999 Common Refer Montage: Sever referenti deriv share a singl refer electrod (see referenti derivation, refer electrode). noachter 1999 common reference montage: several referential derivations sharing a single reference electrode (see referential derivation, reference electrode). noachter 1999 common refer montag noachter 1999 common reference montage Noachter_1999_Common_Reference_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Complex Noachter_1999_Complex Noachter 1999 Complex: A sequenc of two or more wave have a characterist form or recur with a fair consist form, distinguish from background activity. noachter 1999 complex noachter 1999 complex: a sequence of two or more waves having a characteristic form or recurring with a fairly consistent form, distinguished from background activity. Noachter_1999_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Contingent_Negative_Variation_CNV Noachter_1999_Contingent_Negative_Variation_CNV Noachter 1999 Conting Negat Variation: An event relat slow potenti elicit in the interv follow a premonitori stimulus and a second stimulus to which the subject is requir to make a voluntari response. It compris a progress negative-go chang maxim at the vertex. Abbreviation: CNV. noachter 1999 conting negat variat c n v noachter 1999 contingent negative variation c n v noachter 1999 contingent negative variation: an event related slow potential elicited in the interval following a premonitory stimulus and a second stimulus to which the subject is required to make a voluntary response. it comprises a progressive negative-going change maximal at the vertex. abbreviation: cnv. Noachter_1999_Contingent_Negative_Variation_CNV ESSO:Noachter_1999_Continuous_Slow_Activity Noachter_1999_Continuous_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Continu Slow Activity: Slow activ that occur continu is non-respons to extern stimuli and clear exceed the amount consid physiolog normal for the patient age. As a rule, it is irregular (polymorphic) and lie within the frequenc rang of delta/theta wave (see intermitt slow activity). noachter 1999 continu slow activ noachter 1999 continuous slow activity noachter 1999 continuous slow activity: slow activity that occurs continuously is non-responsive to external stimuli and clearly exceeds the amount considered physiologically normal for the patient's age. as a rule, it is irregular (polymorphic) and lies within the frequency range of delta/theta waves (see intermittent slow activity). Noachter_1999_Continuous_Slow_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Coronal_Bipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Coronal_Bipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Coron Bipolar Montage: A montag consist of deriv from pair of electrod along coron (transverse) linear arrays. Synonym: transvers bipolar montage. noachter 1999 coron bipolar montag noachter 1999 coronal bipolar montage noachter 1999 coronal bipolar montage: a montage consisting of derivations from pairs of electrodes along coronal (transverse) linear arrays. synonym: transverse bipolar montage. Noachter_1999_Coronal_Bipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electrode Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electrode Noachter 1999 Cortic Electrode: Electrod appli direct upon or insert in the cerebr cortex. noachter 1999 cortic electrod noachter 1999 cortical electrode noachter 1999 cortical electrode: electrode applied directly upon or inserted in the cerebral cortex. Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electroencephalogram Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electroencephalogram Noachter 1999 Cortic Electroencephalogram: See electrocorticogram. noachter 1999 cortic electroencephalogram noachter 1999 cortical electroencephalogram noachter 1999 cortical electroencephalogram: see electrocorticogram. Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electroencephalogram ESSO:Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electroencephalography Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electroencephalography Noachter 1999 Cortic Electroencephalography: See electrocorticography. noachter 1999 cortic electroencephalographi noachter 1999 cortical electroencephalography noachter 1999 cortical electroencephalography: see electrocorticography. Noachter_1999_Cortical_Electroencephalography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Corticogram Noachter_1999_Corticogram noachter 1999 corticogram noachter 1999 corticogram: use discouraged. term suggested: electrocorticogram. Noachter_1999_Corticogram ESSO:Noachter_1999_Corticography Noachter_1999_Corticography Noachter 1999 Corticography: Term preferred: electrocorticography. noachter 1999 corticographi noachter 1999 corticography noachter 1999 corticography: term preferred: electrocorticography. Noachter_1999_Corticography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Cycle Noachter_1999_Cycle Noachter 1999 Cycle: The complet sequenc of potenti chang undergon by individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat EEG wave or complexes. noachter 1999 cycl noachter 1999 cycle noachter 1999 cycle: the complete sequence of potential changes undergone by individual components of a sequence of regularly repeated eeg waves or complexes. Noachter_1999_Cycle ESSO:Noachter_1999_Cycles_Per_Second Noachter_1999_Cycles_Per_Second Noachter 1999 Cycl Per Second: Unit of frequency. Abbreviation: cis. Equivalent: Hertz (Hz). noachter 1999 cycl per second noachter 1999 cycles per second noachter 1999 cycles per second: unit of frequency. abbreviation: cis. equivalent: hertz (hz). Noachter_1999_Cycles_Per_Second ESSO:Noachter_1999_Deep_Sleep Noachter_1999_Deep_Sleep Noachter 1999 Deep Sleep: Non-REM sleep stage 3 and 4 (Rechtschaffen and Kale 1968). noachter 1999 deep sleep noachter 1999 deep sleep: non-rem sleep stages 3 and 4 (rechtschaffen and kales 1968). Noachter_1999_Deep_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Delta_Band Noachter_1999_Delta_Band Noachter 1999 Delta Band: Frequenc band under 4 Hz. Greek letter: delta. Comment: for practic purpos lower frequenc limit is 0.5 Hz, as DC potenti differ are not monitor in convent EEGs. noachter 1999 delta band noachter 1999 delta band: frequency band under 4 hz. greek letter: delta. comment: for practical purposes lower frequency limit is 0.5 hz, as dc potential differences are not monitored in conventional eegs. Noachter_1999_Delta_Band ESSO:Noachter_1999_Delta_Brush Noachter_1999_Delta_Brush Noachter 1999 Delta Brush: Delta wave with superimpos fast activity. Comment: normal find in neonat EEG. noachter 1999 delta brush noachter 1999 delta brush: delta wave with superimposed fast activity. comment: normal finding in neonatal eeg. Noachter_1999_Delta_Brush ESSO:Noachter_1999_Delta_Brushes Noachter_1999_Delta_Brushes Noachter 1999 Delta Brushes: Rhythmic spindle-lik activ (10-25 uV) superimpos on 0.3-1.5 Hz slow wave (25-250 uV) in preterm infants. noachter 1999 delta brush noachter 1999 delta brushes noachter 1999 delta brushes: rhythmic spindle-like activity (10-25 uv) superimposed on 0.3-1.5 hz slow waves (25-250 uv) in preterm infants. Noachter_1999_Delta_Brushes ESSO:Noachter_1999_Delta_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Delta_Rhythm noachter 1999 delta rhythm noachter 1999 rhythm under 4 hz Noachter_1999_Delta_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Delta_Wave Noachter_1999_Delta_Wave Noachter 1999 Delta Wave: Wave with durat over 1/4 s. noachter 1999 delta wave noachter 1999 delta wave: wave with duration over 1/4 s. Noachter_1999_Delta_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Depression Noachter_1999_Depression Noachter 1999 Depression: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. noachter 1999 depress noachter 1999 depression noachter 1999 depression: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. Noachter_1999_Depression ESSO:Noachter_1999_Depth_Electrode Noachter_1999_Depth_Electrode Noachter 1999 Depth Electrode: Electrod (usual multicontact electrode) implant within the brain substance. noachter 1999 depth electrod noachter 1999 depth electrode noachter 1999 depth electrode: electrode (usually multicontact electrode) implanted within the brain substance. Noachter_1999_Depth_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Depth_Electroencephalogram Noachter_1999_Depth_Electroencephalogram Noachter 1999 Depth Electroencephalogram: Record of electr activ of the brain by mean of electrod implant within the brain substanc itself (see stereotact [stereotaxic] depth electroencephalogram). noachter 1999 depth electroencephalogram: record of electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes implanted within the brain substance itself (see stereotactic [stereotaxic] depth electroencephalogram). noachter 1999 depth electroencephalogram Noachter_1999_Depth_Electroencephalogram ESSO:Noachter_1999_Depth_Electroencephalography Noachter_1999_Depth_Electroencephalography Noachter 1999 Depth Electroencephalography: Techniqu of record depth electroencephalogram (see stereotact [stereotaxic] depth electroencephalography). noachter 1999 depth electroencephalographi noachter 1999 depth electroencephalography noachter 1999 depth electroencephalography: technique of recording depth electroencephalograms (see stereotactic [stereotaxic] depth electroencephalography). Noachter_1999_Depth_Electroencephalography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Derivation Noachter_1999_Derivation Noachter 1999 Derivation: (1) The process of record from a pair of electrod in an EEG channel. (2) The EEG record obtain by this process. noachter 1999 deriv noachter 1999 derivation noachter 1999 derivation: (1) the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an eeg channel. (2) the eeg record obtained by this process. Noachter_1999_Derivation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Desynchronization Noachter_1999_Desynchronization Noachter 1999 Desynchronization: Use of term discourag when visual describ EEG change. Term suggested: blocking, attenuation. Exception: the term desynchron is accept when describ attenu of a frequenc band base on power spectra analysi of the EEG signal (for instanc “event-rel desynchronization”). noachter 1999 desynchron noachter 1999 desynchronization noachter 1999 desynchronization: use of term discouraged when visually describing eeg change. terms suggested: blocking, attenuation. exception: the term desynchronization is acceptable when describing attenuation of a frequency band based on power spectra analysis of the eeg signal (for instance “event-related desynchronization”). Noachter_1999_Desynchronization ESSO:Noachter_1999_Desynchronized Noachter_1999_Desynchronized Noachter 1999 Desynchronized: Use of term discourag when describ EEG pattern (see low voltag EEG). noachter 1999 desynchron noachter 1999 desynchronized noachter 1999 desynchronized: use of term discouraged when describing eeg pattern (see low voltage eeg). Noachter_1999_Desynchronized ESSO:Noachter_1999_Desynchronized_Sleep Noachter_1999_Desynchronized_Sleep Noachter 1999 REM Sleep: Sleep stage character by low amplitud mix frequenc EEG activity, episod burst of predomin horizont rapid eye movement (REM) and reduct of axial tonic muscl activity; frequent associ with dreams; phasic muscl activity, saw-tooth wave and chang in respir may occur. Synonym: paradox sleep, desynchron sleep, dream sleep (use of term discouraged) (see activ sleep, non-REM sleep). noachter 1999 desynchron sleep noachter 1999 desynchronized sleep noachter 1999 rem sleep: sleep stage characterized by low amplitude mixed frequency eeg activity, episodic bursts of predominantly horizontal rapid eye movements (rem) and reduction of axial tonic muscle activity; frequently associated with dreams; phasic muscle activity, saw-tooth waves and changes in respiration may occur. synonym: paradoxical sleep, desynchronized sleep, dream sleep (use of terms discouraged) (see active sleep, non-rem sleep). Noachter_1999_Desynchronized_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Differential_Amplifier Noachter_1999_Differential_Amplifier Noachter 1999 Differenti Amplifier: An amplifi whose output is proport to the voltag differ between it two input terminals. Comment: electroencephalograph make use of differenti amplifi in their input stages. noachter 1999 differenti amplifi noachter 1999 differential amplifier noachter 1999 differential amplifier: an amplifier whose output is proportional to the voltage difference between its two input terminals. comment: electroencephalographs make use of differential amplifiers in their input stages. Noachter_1999_Differential_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_Differential_Signal Noachter_1999_Differential_Signal Noachter 1999 Differenti Signal: Differ between two unlik signal appli to the respect two input termin of a differenti EEG amplifier. noachter 1999 differenti signal noachter 1999 differential signal noachter 1999 differential signal: difference between two unlike signals applied to the respective two input terminals of a differential eeg amplifier. Noachter_1999_Differential_Signal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Diffuse Noachter_1999_Diffuse Noachter 1999 Diffuse: Occur over larg area of one or both side of the head (see generalized). noachter 1999 diffus noachter 1999 diffuse noachter 1999 diffuse: occurring over large areas of one or both sides of the head (see generalized). Noachter_1999_Diffuse ESSO:Noachter_1999_Digital_EEG Noachter_1999_Digital_EEG Noachter 1999 Digit EEG: (1) The represent of an analog EEG signal by a seri of number relat to success measur of the magnitud of the signal at equal time intervals. (2) The practic of electroencephalographi use digit represent of EEGs. noachter 1999 digit e e g noachter 1999 digital e e g noachter 1999 digital eeg: (1) the representation of an analog eeg signal by a series of numbers related to successive measurements of the magnitude of the signal at equal time intervals. (2) the practice of electroencephalography using digital representation of eegs. Noachter_1999_Digital_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Diphasic_Wave Noachter_1999_Diphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Diphas Wave: Complex consist of two wave compon develop on altern side of the baseline. noachter 1999 diphas wave noachter 1999 diphasic wave noachter 1999 diphasic wave: complex consisting of two wave components developed on alternate sides of the baseline. Noachter_1999_Diphasic_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Dipolar Noachter_1999_Dipolar Noachter 1999 Dipolar: An EEG voltag field that display both negat and posit maxima. noachter 1999 dipolar noachter 1999 dipolar: an eeg voltage field that displays both negative and positive maxima. Noachter_1999_Dipolar ESSO:Noachter_1999_Dipole Noachter_1999_Dipole Noachter 1999 Dipole: A theoret point-lik EEG sourc produc by a separ of negat and posit charge. Comment: common use to describ a cortic sourc that generat an EEG field in which both negat and posit maxima can be recorded, e.g. the \"horizont dipole\" of so call Roland spikes. noachter 1999 dipol noachter 1999 dipole noachter 1999 dipole: a theoretical point-like eeg source produced by a separation of negative and positive charge. comment: commonly used to describe a cortical source that generates an eeg field in which both negative and positive maxima can be recorded, e.g. the \"horizontal dipole\" of so called rolandic spikes. Noachter_1999_Dipole ESSO:Noachter_1999_Direct_Coupled_Amplifier Noachter_1999_Direct_Coupled_Amplifier Noachter 1999 Direct Coupl Amplifier: An amplifi in which success stage are connect (coupled) by devices. The perform of which is not frequenc dependent. noachter 1999 direct coupl amplifi noachter 1999 direct coupled amplifier noachter 1999 direct coupled amplifier: an amplifier in which successive stages are connected (coupled) by devices. the performance of which is not frequency dependent. Noachter_1999_Direct_Coupled_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_Direct_Current_Amplifier Noachter_1999_Direct_Current_Amplifier Noachter 1999 Direct Current Amplifier: An amplifi that is capabl of magnifi DC (zero frequency) voltag and slowli vari voltages. noachter 1999 direct current amplifi noachter 1999 direct current amplifier noachter 1999 direct current amplifier: an amplifier that is capable of magnifying dc (zero frequency) voltages and slowly varying voltages. Noachter_1999_Direct_Current_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_Discharge Noachter_1999_Discharge Noachter 1999 Discharge: Interpret term common use to design epileptiform and seizur pattern (see epileptiform pattern, seizur pattern). noachter 1999 discharg noachter 1999 discharge noachter 1999 discharge: interpretive term commonly used to designate epileptiform and seizure patterns (see epileptiform pattern, seizure pattern). Noachter_1999_Discharge ESSO:Noachter_1999_Disk_Electrode Noachter_1999_Disk_Electrode Noachter 1999 Disk Electrode: Metal disk attach to the scalp with an adhes such as collodion or paste. noachter 1999 disk electrod noachter 1999 disk electrode noachter 1999 disk electrode: metal disk attached to the scalp with an adhesive such as collodion or paste. Noachter_1999_Disk_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Disorganization Noachter_1999_Disorganization Noachter 1999 Disorganization: Gross alter in frequency, form, topographi and/or quantiti of physiolog EEG rhythm in (1) an individu record, relat to previous record in the same subject or the rhythm of homolog region on the opposit side of the head or (2) relat to find in normal subject of similar age and similar state of vigilance. noachter 1999 disorgan noachter 1999 disorganization noachter 1999 disorganization: gross alteration in frequency, form, topography and/or quantity of physiologic eeg rhythms in (1) an individual record, relative to previous records in the same subject or the rhythms of homologous regions on the opposite side of the head or (2) relative to findings in normal subjects of similar age and similar state of vigilance. Noachter_1999_Disorganization ESSO:Noachter_1999_Distortion Noachter_1999_Distortion Noachter 1999 Distortion: An instrument-induc alter of wave form (see artifact). noachter 1999 distort noachter 1999 distortion noachter 1999 distortion: an instrument-induced alteration of wave form (see artifact). Noachter_1999_Distortion ESSO:Noachter_1999_Dream_Sleep Noachter_1999_Dream_Sleep Noachter 1999 REM Sleep: Sleep stage character by low amplitud mix frequenc EEG activity, episod burst of predomin horizont rapid eye movement (REM) and reduct of axial tonic muscl activity; frequent associ with dreams; phasic muscl activity, saw-tooth wave and chang in respir may occur. Synonym: paradox sleep, desynchron sleep, dream sleep (use of term discouraged) (see activ sleep, non-REM sleep). noachter 1999 dream sleep noachter 1999 rem sleep: sleep stage characterized by low amplitude mixed frequency eeg activity, episodic bursts of predominantly horizontal rapid eye movements (rem) and reduction of axial tonic muscle activity; frequently associated with dreams; phasic muscle activity, saw-tooth waves and changes in respiration may occur. synonym: paradoxical sleep, desynchronized sleep, dream sleep (use of terms discouraged) (see active sleep, non-rem sleep). Noachter_1999_Dream_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Duration Noachter_1999_Duration Noachter 1999 Duration: (1) The interv from begin to end of an individu wave or complex. Comment: the durat of the cycl of individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat wave or complex is refer to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) The time that a sequenc of wave or complex or ani other distinguish featur last in an EEG record. noachter 1999 durat noachter 1999 duration noachter 1999 duration: (1) the interval from beginning to end of an individual wave or complex. comment: the duration of the cycle of individual components of a sequence of regularly repeating waves or complexes is referred to as the period of the wave or complex. (2) the time that a sequence of waves or complexes or any other distinguishable feature lasts in an eeg record. Noachter_1999_Duration ESSO:Noachter_1999_Dysrhythmia Noachter_1999_Dysrhythmia noachter 1999 dysrhythmia noachter 1999 dysrhythmia: use of term discouraged. Noachter_1999_Dysrhythmia ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Activity Noachter_1999_EEG_Activity Noachter 1999 Activity, EEG An EEG wave or sequenc of waves. noachter 1999 activity, eeg an eeg wave or sequence of waves. noachter 1999 e e g activ noachter 1999 e e g activity Noachter_1999_EEG_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Bandwidth Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Bandwidth Noachter 1999 Bandwidth, EEG Channel Rang of frequenc between which the respons of an EEG channel is within state limits. Determin by the frequenc respons of the amplifier, pen writer, if any, and the frequenc filter used. Comment: the manner in which the EEG channel bandwidth is specifi by differ manufactur is not yet standardized. For instance, a bandwidth of 1-70 Hz in a given instrument may indic that frequenc of 1 and 70 Hz are attenu by 30% (3 dB) or anoth state percent, with intermedi frequenc be less attenuated. noachter 1999 bandwidth, eeg channel range of frequencies between which the response of an eeg channel is within stated limits. determined by the frequency response of the amplifier, pen writer, if any, and the frequency filters used. comment: the manner in which the eeg channel bandwidth is specified by different manufacturers is not yet standardized. for instance, a bandwidth of 1-70 hz in a given instrument may indicate that frequencies of 1 and 70 hz are attenuated by 30% (3 db) or another stated percent, with intermediate frequencies being less attenuated. noachter 1999 e e g channel bandwidth Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Bandwidth ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Noise Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Noise Noachter 1999 Noise, EEG Channel Small fluctuat output of an EEG channel record when high sensit are used, even if there is no input signal. Measur in microvolt (uV), referenc to the input. noachter 1999 e e g channel nois noachter 1999 e e g channel noise noachter 1999 noise, eeg channel small fluctuating output of an eeg channel recorded when high sensitivities are used, even if there is no input signal. measured in microvolts (uv), referenced to the input. Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Noise ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Time_Constant_TC Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Time_Constant_TC Noachter 1999 Time constant, EEG channel The product of the valu of the resist (in mega-ohms, M<Ohms>) and the capacit (in microfarads, uF) which make up the time constant control of an EEG channel. This product repres the time requir for the trace to fall to 37% of the deflect initi produc when a DC voltag differ is appli to the input termin of the amplifier. Express in second (s). Abbreviation: TC. Comment: for a simpl RC coupl network, the TC is relat to the percent reduct in sensit of the channel at a given state low frequenc by the equat TC = ?<pi>f, where f is the frequenc at which a 30% (3 dB) attenu occurs. For instance, for a TC of 0.3 s, an attenu of 30% (3 dB) occur at 0.5 Hz. Thus, either the time constant or the percent attenu at a given state low frequenc can be use to design the same posit of the low frequenc filter of the EEG channel (see low frequenc filter). noachter 1999 e e g channel time constant t c noachter 1999 time constant, eeg channel the product of the values of the resistance (in mega-ohms, m<ohms>) and the capacitance (in microfarads, uf) which make up the time constant control of an eeg channel. this product represents the time required for the trace to fall to 37% of the deflection initially produced when a dc voltage difference is applied to the input terminals of the amplifier. expressed in seconds (s). abbreviation: tc. comment: for a simple rc coupling network, the tc is related to the percent reduction in sensitivity of the channel at a given stated low frequency by the equation tc = ?<pi>f, where f is the frequency at which a 30% (3 db) attenuation occurs. for instance, for a tc of 0.3 s, an attenuation of 30% (3 db) occurs at 0.5 hz. thus, either the time constant or the percent attenuation at a given stated low frequency can be used to designate the same position of the low frequency filter of the eeg channel (see low frequency filter). Noachter_1999_EEG_Channel_Time_Constant_TC ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Electrode Noachter_1999_EEG_Electrode Noachter 1999 Electrode, EEG A conduct devic appli over or insert in a region of the scalp or brain. noachter 1999 e e g electrod noachter 1999 e e g electrode noachter 1999 electrode, eeg a conducting device applied over or inserted in a region of the scalp or brain. Noachter_1999_EEG_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Glossary Noachter_1999_EEG_Glossary noachter 1999 e e g glossari noachter 1999 e e g glossary Noachter_1999_EEG_Glossary ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Machine Noachter_1999_EEG_Machine noachter 1999 e e g machin noachter 1999 e e g machine noachter 1999 machine, eeg use of term discouraged. term suggested: electroencephalograph. Noachter_1999_EEG_Machine ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Seizure_Pattern Noachter_1999_EEG_Seizure_Pattern Noachter 1999 Seizur Pattern, EEG Phenomenon consist of repetit EEG discharg with relat abrupt onset and termin and characterist pattern of evolut last at least sever seconds. These EEG pattern are seen dure epilept seizures. Frequent interict epileptiform discharg are a usual not associ with clinic seizur and thus should be differenti from electroencephalograph seizur patterns. The compon wave or complex vari in form, frequency, and topography. They are general rhythmic and frequent display increas amplitud and decreas frequenc dure the same episode. When focal in onset, they tend to spread subsequ to other areas. Comment: EEG seizur pattern unaccompani by clinic epilept manifest detect by the EEG technician should be refer to as \"subclinical\" . noachter 1999 e e g seizur pattern noachter 1999 e e g seizure pattern noachter 1999 seizure pattern, eeg phenomenon consisting of repetitive eeg discharges with relatively abrupt onset and termination and characteristic pattern of evolution lasting at least several seconds. these eeg patterns are seen during epileptic seizures. frequent interictal epileptiform discharges are a usually not associated with clinical seizures and thus should be differentiated from electroencephalographic seizure patterns. the component waves or complexes vary in form, frequency, and topography. they are generally rhythmic and frequently display increasing amplitude and decreasing frequency during the same episode. when focal in onset, they tend to spread subsequently to other areas. comment: eeg seizure patterns unaccompanied by clinical epileptic manifestations detected by the eeg technician should be referred to as \"subclinical\" . Noachter_1999_EEG_Seizure_Pattern ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Status_Epilepticus Noachter_1999_EEG_Status_Epilepticus Noachter 1999 Status epilepticus, EEG: The occurr of virtual continu or repetit seizur activ in an EEG. Term should be distinguish from clinic status epilepticus. noachter 1999 e e g status epilepticus noachter 1999 status epilepticus, eeg: the occurrence of virtually continuous or repetitive seizure activity in an eeg. term should be distinguished from clinical status epilepticus. Noachter_1999_EEG_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Transient Noachter_1999_EEG_Transient Noachter 1999 Transient, EEG: Ani isol wave or complex, distinguish from background activity. noachter 1999 e e g transient noachter 1999 transient, eeg: any isolated wave or complex, distinguished from background activity. Noachter_1999_EEG_Transient ESSO:Noachter_1999_EEG_Wave_Polarity Noachter_1999_EEG_Wave_Polarity Noachter 1999 Polarity, EEG wave: Sign of potenti differ exist at a given time between an electrod affect by a given potenti chang and anoth electrod not appreciably, or less, affect by the same chang (see polar convention). Comment: the appar \"polarity\" of an EEG wave is depend upon the potenti differ between two electrodes. noachter 1999 e e g wave polar noachter 1999 e e g wave polarity noachter 1999 polarity, eeg wave: sign of potential difference existing at a given time between an electrode affected by a given potential change and another electrode not appreciably, or less, affected by the same change (see polarity convention). comment: the apparent \"polarity\" of an eeg wave is dependent upon the potential difference between two electrodes. Noachter_1999_EEG_Wave_Polarity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Earth_Connection Noachter_1999_Earth_Connection Noachter 1999 Earth Connection: Term discouraged. Synonym: ground connect (prefer term). noachter 1999 earth connect noachter 1999 earth connection noachter 1999 earth connection: term discouraged. synonym: ground connection (preferred term). Noachter_1999_Earth_Connection ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrocorticogram_ECoG Noachter_1999_Electrocorticogram_ECoG Noachter 1999 Electrocorticogram: Record of EEG activ obtain by mean of electrod appli direct over or insert in the cerebr cortex. Abbreviation: ECoG. noachter 1999 electrocorticogram e co g noachter 1999 electrocorticogram: record of eeg activity obtained by means of electrodes applied directly over or inserted in the cerebral cortex. abbreviation: ecog. Noachter_1999_Electrocorticogram_ECoG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrocorticography_ECoG Noachter_1999_Electrocorticography_ECoG Noachter 1999 Electrocorticography: Techniqu of record electr activ of the brain by mean of electrod appli over or implant in the cerebr cortex. Abbreviation: ECoG. Comment: electrocorticographi can be perform intraop and extraoperatively. noachter 1999 electrocorticographi e co g noachter 1999 electrocorticography e co g noachter 1999 electrocorticography: technique of recording electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes applied over or implanted in the cerebral cortex. abbreviation: ecog. comment: electrocorticography can be performed intraoperatively and extraoperatively. Noachter_1999_Electrocorticography_ECoG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrode Noachter_1999_Electrode noachter 1999 electrod noachter 1999 electrode Noachter_1999_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrode_Application Noachter_1999_Electrode_Application Noachter 1999 Application, electrode: The process of establish mechan fixat and electr connect between an electrod and the subject scalp or brain. noachter 1999 application, electrode: the process of establishing mechanical fixation and electrical connection between an electrode and the subject's scalp or brain. noachter 1999 electrod applic noachter 1999 electrode application Noachter_1999_Electrode_Application ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrode_Array Noachter_1999_Electrode_Array Noachter 1999 Array, electrode: A regular arrang of electrod over the scalp or brain or within the brain substance. noachter 1999 array, electrode: a regular arrangement of electrodes over the scalp or brain or within the brain substance. noachter 1999 electrod array noachter 1999 electrode array Noachter_1999_Electrode_Array ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrode_Impedance Noachter_1999_Electrode_Impedance Noachter 1999 Electrod Impedance: Total effect resist to altern current (AC), aris from ohmic resist and reactance. Measur between pair of electrod or, in some electroencephalographs, between each individu electrod and all the other electrod connect in parallel. Express in ohm (gener kilo-ohms, kG). Comments: (1) over the EEG frequenc range, becaus the capacit factor is small, electrod imped is usual equal to electrod resistance. (2) Not a synonym of input imped of EEG amplifi (see electrod resistance; input impedance). noachter 1999 electrod imped noachter 1999 electrode impedance noachter 1999 electrode impedance: total effective resistance to alternating current (ac), arising from ohmic resistance and reactance. measured between pairs of electrodes or, in some electroencephalographs, between each individual electrode and all the other electrodes connected in parallel. expressed in ohms (generally kilo-ohms, kg). comments: (1) over the eeg frequency range, because the capacitance factor is small, electrode impedance is usually equal to electrode resistance. (2) not a synonym of input impedance of eeg amplifier (see electrode resistance; input impedance). Noachter_1999_Electrode_Impedance ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrode_Resistance Noachter_1999_Electrode_Resistance Noachter 1999 Electrod Resistance: Total effect resist to direct current (DC), through the interfac between an EEG electrod and the scalp or brain. Measur between pair of electrod or, in some electroencephalographs, between each individu electrod and all the other electrod connect in parallel. Express in ohm (gener kilo-ohms, k<ohm>). Comment: measur of electrod resist with DC current result in vari degre of electrod polar (see electrod impedance). noachter 1999 electrod resist noachter 1999 electrode resistance noachter 1999 electrode resistance: total effective resistance to direct current (dc), through the interface between an eeg electrode and the scalp or brain. measured between pairs of electrodes or, in some electroencephalographs, between each individual electrode and all the other electrodes connected in parallel. expressed in ohms (generally kilo-ohms, k<ohm>). comment: measurement of electrode resistance with dc currents results in varying degrees of electrode polarization (see electrode impedance). Noachter_1999_Electrode_Resistance ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electroencephalogram_EEG Noachter_1999_Electroencephalogram_EEG Noachter 1999 Electroencephalogram: Record of electr activ of the brain taken by mean of electrod place on the surfac of the head, unless otherwis specified. Abbreviation: EEG. noachter 1999 electroencephalogram e e g noachter 1999 electroencephalogram: record of electrical activity of the brain taken by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head, unless otherwise specified. abbreviation: eeg. Noachter_1999_Electroencephalogram_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electroencephalograph Noachter_1999_Electroencephalograph Noachter 1999 Electroencephalograph: Instrument employ to record electroencephalograms. noachter 1999 electroencephalograph noachter 1999 electroencephalograph: instrument employed to record electroencephalograms. Noachter_1999_Electroencephalograph ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electroencephalographic_EEG Noachter_1999_Electroencephalographic_EEG Noachter 1999 Electroencephalographic: Appertain to bioelectr recording, irrespect of the method employ (in the present context, EEG, ECoG, SEEG, etc.) noachter 1999 electroencephalograph e e g noachter 1999 electroencephalographic e e g noachter 1999 electroencephalographic: appertaining to bioelectrical recording, irrespective of the method employed (in the present context, eeg, ecog, seeg, etc.) Noachter_1999_Electroencephalographic_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electroencephalography_EEG Noachter_1999_Electroencephalography_EEG Noachter 1999 Electroencephalography: (1) The scienc relat to the electr activ of the brain. (2) The practic of record and interpret electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: EEG. noachter 1999 electroencephalographi e e g noachter 1999 electroencephalography e e g noachter 1999 electroencephalography: (1) the science relating to the electrical activity of the brain. (2) the practice of recording and interpreting electroencephalograms. abbreviation: eeg. Noachter_1999_Electroencephalography_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrogram Noachter_1999_Electrogram Noachter 1999 Electrogram: Use of term discourag noachter 1999 electrogram noachter 1999 electrogram: use of term discouraged Noachter_1999_Electrogram ESSO:Noachter_1999_Electrography Noachter_1999_Electrography noachter 1999 electrographi noachter 1999 electrography noachter 1999 electrography: use of term discouraged. Noachter_1999_Electrography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Encoches_Frontal Noachter_1999_Encoches_Frontal Noachter 1999 Encoch Frontal: Frontal sharp wave in newborns. noachter 1999 encoch frontal noachter 1999 encoches frontal noachter 1999 encoches frontal: frontal sharp waves in newborns. Noachter_1999_Encoches_Frontal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Epidural_Electrode Noachter_1999_Epidural_Electrode Noachter 1999 Epidur Electrode: Electrod locat over the dural cover of the cerebrum. noachter 1999 epidur electrod noachter 1999 epidural electrode noachter 1999 epidural electrode: electrode located over the dural covering of the cerebrum. Noachter_1999_Epidural_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Epileptic_Pattern Noachter_1999_Epileptic_Pattern Noachter 1999 Epilept Pattern: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: epileptiform pattern. noachter 1999 epilept pattern noachter 1999 epileptic pattern noachter 1999 epileptic pattern: use of term discouraged. term suggested: epileptiform pattern. Noachter_1999_Epileptic_Pattern ESSO:Noachter_1999_Epileptiform_Pattern Noachter_1999_Epileptiform_Pattern Noachter 1999 Epileptiform Pattern Synonym: epileptiform discharge, epileptiform activity. Describ transient distinguish from background activity, with a characterist spiki morphology, typically, but neither exclus nor invariably, found in interict EEGs of peopl with epilepsy. noachter 1999 epileptiform pattern noachter 1999 epileptiform pattern synonym: epileptiform discharge, epileptiform activity. describes transients distinguishable from background activity, with a characteristic spiky morphology, typically, but neither exclusively nor invariably, found in interictal eegs of people with epilepsy. Noachter_1999_Epileptiform_Pattern ESSO:Noachter_1999_Epoch Noachter_1999_Epoch Noachter 1999 Epoch: A period of time in an EEG record. Durat of epoch is determin arbitrarily. Example: power spectra were calcul from 10-s epochs. noachter 1999 epoch noachter 1999 epoch: a period of time in an eeg record. duration of epochs is determined arbitrarily. example: power spectra were calculated from 10-s epochs. Noachter_1999_Epoch ESSO:Noachter_1999_Equipotential Noachter_1999_Equipotential Noachter 1999 Equipotential: Appli to region of the head or electrod that are at the same potenti at a given instant in time. Synonym: isopotenti line. noachter 1999 equipotenti noachter 1999 equipotential noachter 1999 equipotential: applies to regions of the head or electrodes that are at the same potential at a given instant in time. synonym: isopotential line. Noachter_1999_Equipotential ESSO:Noachter_1999_Event-Related_Slow_Potential Noachter_1999_Event-Related_Slow_Potential Noachter 1999 Event-rel (slow) potential: Appli main to those evok potenti elicit by cognit activities. Abbreviation: ERP (see evok potential). noachter 1999 event- relat slow potenti noachter 1999 event- related slow potential noachter 1999 event-related (slow) potential: applied mainly to those evoked potentials elicited by cognitive activities. abbreviation: erp (see evoked potential). Noachter_1999_Event-Related_Slow_Potential ESSO:Noachter_1999_Evoked_Potential Noachter_1999_Evoked_Potential Noachter 1999 Evoke Potential: Wave or complex elicit by and time-lock to a physiolog or non-physiolog stimulus or event, the time of which can be reliabl assessed, for instance, an electr stimulus, deliv to a sensori receptor or nerv or appli direct to a discret area of the brain or a movement (myoclonus). Comment: comput summat techniqu are especi suitabl for detect these and other event-rel potenti from the surfac of the head. noachter 1999 evok potenti noachter 1999 evoked potential noachter 1999 evoked potential: wave or complex elicited by and time-locked to a physiological or non-physiological stimulus or event, the timing of which can be reliably assessed, for instance, an electrical stimulus, delivered to a sensory receptor or nerve or applied directly to a discrete area of the brain or a movement (myoclonus). comment: computer summation techniques are especially suitable for detecting these and other event-related potentials from the surface of the head. Noachter_1999_Evoked_Potential ESSO:Noachter_1999_Evoked_Response Noachter_1999_Evoked_Response Noachter 1999 Evoke Response: Tautology. Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: evok potential. noachter 1999 evok respons noachter 1999 evoked response noachter 1999 evoked response: tautology. use of term discouraged. term suggested: evoked potential. Noachter_1999_Evoked_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Extracerebral_Potential Noachter_1999_Extracerebral_Potential Noachter 1999 Extracerebr Potential: Ani potenti that doe not origin in the brain, refer to as an artifact in EEG. May aris from electr interfer extern to the subject and record system, the subject, the electrod and their connect to the subject and the electroencephalograph, and the electroencephalograph itself (see artifact). noachter 1999 extracerebr potenti noachter 1999 extracerebral potential noachter 1999 extracerebral potential: any potential that does not originate in the brain, referred to as an artifact in eeg. may arise from electrical interference external to the subject and recording system, the subject, the electrodes and their connections to the subject and the electroencephalograph, and the electroencephalograph itself (see artifact). Noachter_1999_Extracerebral_Potential ESSO:Noachter_1999_Fast_Activity Noachter_1999_Fast_Activity Noachter 1999 Fast Activity: Activiti of frequenc higher than alpha, i.e. beta and gamma activity. noachter 1999 fast activ noachter 1999 fast activity noachter 1999 fast activity: activity of frequency higher than alpha, i.e. beta and gamma activity. Noachter_1999_Fast_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Fast_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Fast_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Fast Alpha Variant Rhythm: Characterist rhythm at 14-20 Hz, detect most promin over the posterior region of the head. May altern or be intermix with alpha rhythm. Block or attenu by attention, especi visual, and mental effort. noachter 1999 fast alpha variant rhythm noachter 1999 fast alpha variant rhythm: characteristic rhythm at 14-20 hz, detected most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. may alternate or be intermixed with alpha rhythm. blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. Noachter_1999_Fast_Alpha_Variant_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Fast_Wave Noachter_1999_Fast_Wave Noachter 1999 Fast Wave: Wave with durat shorter than alpha waves, i.e. under 1/13 s. noachter 1999 fast wave noachter 1999 fast wave: wave with duration shorter than alpha waves, i.e. under 1/13 s. Noachter_1999_Fast_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Flat_EEG Noachter_1999_Flat_EEG Noachter 1999 Flat EEG: Use of term discourag (see low voltag EEG; record of electrocerebr inactivity). noachter 1999 flat e e g noachter 1999 flat eeg: use of term discouraged (see low voltage eeg; record of electrocerebral inactivity). Noachter_1999_Flat_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Focal Noachter_1999_Focal Noachter 1999 Focal: Limit to a small area of the brain, i.e. record in one or two intracrani electrod (see regional, multifocal). noachter 1999 focal noachter 1999 focal: limited to a small area of the brain, i.e. recorded in one or two intracranial electrodes (see regional, multifocal). Noachter_1999_Focal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Focus Noachter_1999_Focus Noachter 1999 Focus: A limit region of the scalp, cerebr cortex, or depth of the brain display a given EEG activity, either normal or abnormal. noachter 1999 focus noachter 1999 focus: a limited region of the scalp, cerebral cortex, or depth of the brain displaying a given eeg activity, either normal or abnormal. Noachter_1999_Focus ESSO:Noachter_1999_Foramen_Ovale_Electrode Noachter_1999_Foramen_Ovale_Electrode Noachter 1999 Foramen Ovale Electrode: A multicontact electrod bundl insert through the foramen oval to lie in proxim to the parahippocamp gyrus. Comment: use for presurg assess of epilepsi of suspect mesial tempor origin. noachter 1999 foramen oval electrod noachter 1999 foramen ovale electrode noachter 1999 foramen ovale electrode: a multicontact electrode bundle inserted through the foramen ovale to lie in proximity to the parahippocampal gyrus. comment: used for presurgical assessment of epilepsy of suspected mesial temporal origin. Noachter_1999_Foramen_Ovale_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Form Noachter_1999_Form Noachter 1999 Form: Shape of a wave. Synonym: wave form, morphology. noachter 1999 form noachter 1999 form: shape of a wave. synonym: wave form, morphology. Noachter_1999_Form ESSO:Noachter_1999_Fourteen-and-6-Hz_Positive_Burst Noachter_1999_Fourteen-and-6-Hz_Positive_Burst Noachter 1999 Fourteen and 6-Hz Posit Bust: Burst of arch-shap wave at 13-17 Hz and/or 5-7 Hz but most common at 14 and or 6 Hz seen general over the posterior tempor and adjac area of one or both side of the head dure sleep. The sharp peak of it compon wave are posit with respect to other regions. Amplitud vari but is general below 75 uV. Comments: (1) best demonstr by referenti record use contralater earlob or other remote, refer electrodes. 2) This pattern is of no establish clinic significance. noachter 1999 fourteen and 6-hz positive bust: burst of arch-shaped waves at 13-17 hz and/or 5-7 hz but most commonly at 14 and or 6 hz seen generally over the posterior temporal and adjacent areas of one or both sides of the head during sleep. the sharp peaks of its component waves are positive with respect to other regions. amplitude varies but is generally below 75 uv. comments: (1) best demonstrated by referential recording using contralateral earlobe or other remote, reference electrodes. 2) this pattern is of no established clinical significance. noachter 1999 fourteen-and-6- hz posit burst noachter 1999 fourteen-and-6- hz positive burst Noachter_1999_Fourteen-and-6-Hz_Positive_Burst ESSO:Noachter_1999_Fourteen-and-6-Hz_Positive_Spikes Noachter_1999_Fourteen-and-6-Hz_Positive_Spikes Noachter 1999 Fourteen and 6 Hz Posit Spikes: Synonym: 14- and 6-Hz posit burst. noachter 1999 fourteen and 6 hz positive spikes: synonym: 14- and 6-hz positive burst. noachter 1999 fourteen-and-6- hz posit spike noachter 1999 fourteen-and-6- hz positive spikes Noachter_1999_Fourteen-and-6-Hz_Positive_Spikes ESSO:Noachter_1999_Frequency Noachter_1999_Frequency Noachter 1999 Frequency: Number of complet cycl of repetit wave or complex in 1 s. Measur in cycl per second (c/s) or Hertz (Hz). Comment: the term Hz seem appropri when appli to sinusoid wave such as alpha activity, but seem inappropri when appli to complex wave form such as spike-and-slow-wave. noachter 1999 frequenc noachter 1999 frequency noachter 1999 frequency: number of complete cycles of repetitive waves or complexes in 1 s. measured in cycles per second (c/s) or hertz (hz). comment: the term hz seems appropriate when applied to sinusoidal waves such as alpha activity, but seems inappropriate when applied to complex wave forms such as spike-and-slow-wave. Noachter_1999_Frequency ESSO:Noachter_1999_Frequency_Response Noachter_1999_Frequency_Response Noachter 1999 Frequenc Response: see bandwidth, low frequenc response, high frequenc response. noachter 1999 frequenc respons noachter 1999 frequency response noachter 1999 frequency response: see bandwidth, low frequency response, high frequency response. Noachter_1999_Frequency_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Frequency_Response_Curve Noachter_1999_Frequency_Response_Curve Noachter 1999 Frequenc Respons Curve: A graph depict the relationship between output trace deflect or amplifi output and input frequency, for a particular set of low and high frequenc filters. noachter 1999 frequenc respons curv noachter 1999 frequency response curve noachter 1999 frequency response curve: a graph depicting the relationships between output trace deflection or amplifier output and input frequency, for a particular setting of low and high frequency filters. Noachter_1999_Frequency_Response_Curve ESSO:Noachter_1999_Frequency_Spectrum Noachter_1999_Frequency_Spectrum Noachter 1999 Frequenc Spectrum: Rang of frequenc compos the EEG. Divid into 5 band term delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma (see delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands). noachter 1999 frequenc spectrum noachter 1999 frequency spectrum noachter 1999 frequency spectrum: range of frequencies composing the eeg. divided into 5 bands termed delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma (see delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma bands). Noachter_1999_Frequency_Spectrum ESSO:Noachter_1999_Frontal_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity Noachter_1999_Frontal_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity Noachter 1999 Frontal Intermitt Rhythmic Delta Activity: Fair regular, approxim sinusoid or saw-tooth waves, most occur in burst at 1.5-2.5 Hz over the frontal area of one or both side of the head. Abbreviation: FIRDA. Comment: most common associ with unspecifi encephalopathy. noachter 1999 frontal intermitt rhythmic delta activ noachter 1999 frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity noachter 1999 frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity: fairly regular, approximately sinusoidal or saw-tooth waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 1.5-2.5 hz over the frontal areas of one or both sides of the head. abbreviation: firda. comment: most commonly associated with unspecified encephalopathy. Noachter_1999_Frontal_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_G1 Noachter_1999_G1 Noachter 1999 G1: Abbreviat for grid 1 (use of term discouraged) noachter 1999 g1 noachter 1999 g1: abbreviation for grid 1 (use of term discouraged) Noachter_1999_G1 ESSO:Noachter_1999_G2 Noachter_1999_G2 Noachter 1999 G2: Abbreviat for grid 2 (use of term discouraged). noachter 1999 g2 noachter 1999 g2: abbreviation for grid 2 (use of term discouraged). Noachter_1999_G2 ESSO:Noachter_1999_Gain Noachter_1999_Gain Noachter 1999 Gain: Ratio of output signal voltag to input signal voltag of an EEG channel. Example: Gain = (output voltage)/(input voltage) = 10V/10uV = 1,000,000 Often express in decibel (dB), a logarithm unit. Example: a voltag gain of 10 = 20 dB, of 1000 = 60 dB, of 1,000,000 = 120 dB (see sensitivity). noachter 1999 gain noachter 1999 gain: ratio of output signal voltage to input signal voltage of an eeg channel. example: gain = (output voltage)/(input voltage) = 10v/10uv = 1,000,000 often expressed in decibels (db), a logarithmic unit. example: a voltage gain of 10 = 20 db, of 1000 = 60 db, of 1,000,000 = 120 db (see sensitivity). Noachter_1999_Gain ESSO:Noachter_1999_Gamma_Band Noachter_1999_Gamma_Band Noachter 1999 Gamma Band: Frequenc band abov 40 Hz. Greek letter: <Beta> (see beta band). Comment: practically, most electroencephalograph use trace writer that appreci attenu frequenc higher than 70 Hz. The customari use of relat slow paper speed or time scale further limit the electroencephalograph abil to resolv visual wave of frequenc higher than 40 Hz. The graphic resolut of comput display may also limit the visual appreci of higher frequencies. However, this doe not justifi limit unduli the high frequenc respons of the EEG channels, for EEG wave includ transient such as spike and sharp wave with compon at frequenc abov 50 Hz (see beta rhythm) (not a synonym). noachter 1999 gamma band noachter 1999 gamma band: frequency band above 40 hz. greek letter: <beta> (see beta band). comment: practically, most electroencephalographs use trace writers that appreciably attenuate frequencies higher than 70 hz. the customary use of relatively slow paper speeds or time scales further limits the electroencephalographer's ability to resolve visually waves of frequencies higher than 40 hz. the graphic resolution of computer displays may also limit the visual appreciation of higher frequencies. however, this does not justify limiting unduly the high frequency response of the eeg channels, for eeg waves include transients such as spikes and sharp waves with components at frequencies above 50 hz (see beta rhythm) (not a synonym). Noachter_1999_Gamma_Band ESSO:Noachter_1999_Gamma_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Gamma_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Gamma Rhythm: An EEG rhythm abov 40 Hz. Comment: most common record with intracrani electrodes. noachter 1999 gamma rhythm noachter 1999 gamma rhythm: an eeg rhythm above 40 hz. comment: most commonly recorded with intracranial electrodes. Noachter_1999_Gamma_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Generalization Noachter_1999_Generalization Noachter 1999 Generalization: Propag of EEG activ from limit area to all region of the head. noachter 1999 general noachter 1999 generalization noachter 1999 generalization: propagation of eeg activity from limited areas to all regions of the head. Noachter_1999_Generalization ESSO:Noachter_1999_Generalized Noachter_1999_Generalized Noachter 1999 Generalized: Occur over all region of the head, usual with a frontal maximum, rare with an occipit maximum. noachter 1999 general noachter 1999 generalized noachter 1999 generalized: occurring over all regions of the head, usually with a frontal maximum, rarely with an occipital maximum. Noachter_1999_Generalized ESSO:Noachter_1999_Goldman-Offner_Reference Noachter_1999_Goldman-Offner_Reference Noachter 1999 Goldman Offner Reference: Occur over all region of the head, usual with a frontal maximum, rare with an occipit maximum. noachter 1999 goldman offner reference: occurring over all regions of the head, usually with a frontal maximum, rarely with an occipital maximum. noachter 1999 goldman- offner refer noachter 1999 goldman- offner reference Noachter_1999_Goldman-Offner_Reference ESSO:Noachter_1999_Grand_Mal Noachter_1999_Grand_Mal Noachter 1999 Grand Mal: Use of term discouraged. noachter 1999 grand mal noachter 1999 grand mal: use of term discouraged. Noachter_1999_Grand_Mal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Grid_1 Noachter_1999_Grid_1 Noachter 1999 Grid 1: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: input termin 1. noachter 1999 grid 1 noachter 1999 grid 1: use of term discouraged. term suggested: input terminal 1. Noachter_1999_Grid_1 ESSO:Noachter_1999_Grid_2 Noachter_1999_Grid_2 Noachter 1999 Grid 2: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: input termin 2. noachter 1999 grid 2 noachter 1999 grid 2: use of term discouraged. term suggested: input terminal 2. Noachter_1999_Grid_2 ESSO:Noachter_1999_Ground_Connection Noachter_1999_Ground_Connection Noachter 1999 Ground Connection: Conduct path between the subject and the electroencephalograph, and the electroencephalograph and earth. Synonym: earth connection. noachter 1999 ground connect noachter 1999 ground connection noachter 1999 ground connection: conducting path between the subject and the electroencephalograph, and the electroencephalograph and earth. synonym: earth connection. Noachter_1999_Ground_Connection ESSO:Noachter_1999_Head_Cap Noachter_1999_Head_Cap Noachter 1999 Head Cap: A cap that is fit over the head to hold pad electrod in position. noachter 1999 head cap noachter 1999 head cap: a cap that is fitted over the head to hold pad electrodes in position. Noachter_1999_Head_Cap ESSO:Noachter_1999_Head_Harness Noachter_1999_Head_Harness Noachter 1999 Head Harness: A combin of strap fit over the head to hold pad electrod in position. noachter 1999 head har noachter 1999 head harness noachter 1999 head harness: a combination of straps fitted over the head to hold pad electrodes in position. Noachter_1999_Head_Harness ESSO:Noachter_1999_Hertz Noachter_1999_Hertz Noachter 1999 Hertz: Unit of frequency. Abbreviation: Hz. Synonym: cycl per second (c/s). noachter 1999 hertz noachter 1999 hertz: unit of frequency. abbreviation: hz. synonym: cycles per second (c/s). Noachter_1999_Hertz ESSO:Noachter_1999_High_Frequency_Filter Noachter_1999_High_Frequency_Filter Noachter 1999 High Frequenc Filter: A circuit that reduc the sensit of the EEG channel to relat high frequencies. For each set of the high frequency, filter, this attenu is express as percent reduct in output trace deflect at a given frequency, relat to frequenc unaffect by the filter, i.e. in the mid-frequ band of the channel. Synonym: low pass filter. Comment: at present high frequenc filter design and their signific are not yet standard for instrument of differ manufactures. For instance, for a given instrument, a posit of the high frequenc filter control design as 70 Hz may indic a 30% (3 dB), or other state percent, reduct in sensit at 70 Hz, compar to the sensitivity, for example, at 10 Hz. noachter 1999 high frequenc filter noachter 1999 high frequency filter noachter 1999 high frequency filter: a circuit that reduces the sensitivity of the eeg channel to relatively high frequencies. for each setting of the high frequency, filter, this attenuation is expressed as percent reduction in output trace deflection at a given frequency, relative to frequencies unaffected by the filter, i.e. in the mid-frequency band of the channel. synonym: low pass filter. comment: at present high frequency filter designations and their significance are not yet standardized for instruments of different manufactures. for instance, for a given instrument, a position of the high frequency filter control designated as 70 hz may indicate a 30% (3 db), or other stated percent, reduction in sensitivity at 70 hz, compared to the sensitivity, for example, at 10 hz. Noachter_1999_High_Frequency_Filter ESSO:Noachter_1999_High_Frequency_Response Noachter_1999_High_Frequency_Response Noachter 1999 High Frequenc Response: Sensit of an EEG channel to relat high frequencies. Determin by the high frequenc respons of the amplifier, pen writer, if any, and the high frequenc filter used. Express as percent reduct in output trace deflect at certain specif high frequencies, relat to other frequenc in the mid-frequ band of the channel. noachter 1999 high frequenc respons noachter 1999 high frequency response noachter 1999 high frequency response: sensitivity of an eeg channel to relatively high frequencies. determined by the high frequency response of the amplifier, pen writer, if any, and the high frequency filter used. expressed as percent reduction in output trace deflection at certain specific high frequencies, relative to other frequencies in the mid-frequency band of the channel. Noachter_1999_High_Frequency_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_High_Pass_Filter Noachter_1999_High_Pass_Filter Noachter 1999 High Pass FIlter: Synonym: low frequenc filter. noachter 1999 high pass filter noachter 1999 high pass filter: synonym: low frequency filter. Noachter_1999_High_Pass_Filter ESSO:Noachter_1999_Hypersynchrony Noachter_1999_Hypersynchrony Noachter 1999 Hypersynchrony: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. noachter 1999 hypersynchroni noachter 1999 hypersynchrony noachter 1999 hypersynchrony: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. Noachter_1999_Hypersynchrony ESSO:Noachter_1999_Hyperventilation Noachter_1999_Hyperventilation Noachter 1999 Hyperventilation: Deep and regular respir perform for a period of sever minutes. Used as activ procedure. Synonym: overbreath (see activation). noachter 1999 hyperventil noachter 1999 hyperventilation noachter 1999 hyperventilation: deep and regular respiration performed for a period of several minutes. used as activation procedure. synonym: overbreathing (see activation). Noachter_1999_Hyperventilation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Hypsarrhythmia Noachter_1999_Hypsarrhythmia Noachter 1999 Hypsarrhythmia: Pattern consist of diffus high voltag (>300 uV) irregular slow wave interspers with multi region spike and sharp wave over both hemispheres. noachter 1999 hypsarrhythmia noachter 1999 hypsarrhythmia: pattern consisting of diffuse high voltage (>300 uv) irregular slow waves interspersed with multi regional spikes and sharp waves over both hemispheres. Noachter_1999_Hypsarrhythmia ESSO:Noachter_1999_Hz Noachter_1999_Hz Noachter 1999 Hz: Abbreviat for Hertz. Equivalent: cycl per second (c/s). noachter 1999 hz noachter 1999 hz: abbreviation for hertz. equivalent: cycles per second (c/s). Noachter_1999_Hz ESSO:Noachter_1999_Impedance_Meter Noachter_1999_Impedance_Meter Noachter 1999 Impedanc Meter: An instrument use to measur imped (see electrod impedance). noachter 1999 imped meter noachter 1999 impedance meter noachter 1999 impedance meter: an instrument used to measure impedance (see electrode impedance). Noachter_1999_Impedance_Meter ESSO:Noachter_1999_In-Phase_Discrimination Noachter_1999_In-Phase_Discrimination Noachter 1999 In-phase discrimination: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: common mode reject (not a synonym). noachter 1999 in- phase discrimin noachter 1999 in- phase discrimination noachter 1999 in-phase discrimination: use of term discouraged. term suggested: common mode rejection (not a synonym). Noachter_1999_In-Phase_Discrimination ESSO:Noachter_1999_In-Phase_Signals Noachter_1999_In-Phase_Signals Noachter 1999 In-phase signals: Wave with no phase differ between them (see common mode signal) (not a synonym). noachter 1999 in- phase signal noachter 1999 in- phase signals noachter 1999 in-phase signals: waves with no phase difference between them (see common mode signal) (not a synonym). Noachter_1999_In-Phase_Signals ESSO:Noachter_1999_Inactive_Electrode Noachter_1999_Inactive_Electrode Noachter 1999 Inactiv Electrode: Use of term discourag (see refer electrode) (not a synonym). noachter 1999 inact electrod noachter 1999 inactive electrode noachter 1999 inactive electrode: use of term discouraged (see reference electrode) (not a synonym). Noachter_1999_Inactive_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Index Noachter_1999_Index Noachter 1999 Index: Percent of time an EEG activ is present in an EEG sample. Example: alpha index. noachter 1999 index noachter 1999 index: percent of time an eeg activity is present in an eeg sample. example: alpha index. Noachter_1999_Index ESSO:Noachter_1999_Indifferent_Electrode Noachter_1999_Indifferent_Electrode Noachter 1999 Indiffer electrode: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: refer electrod (not a synonym). noachter 1999 indiffer electrod noachter 1999 indifferent electrode noachter 1999 indifferent electrode: use of term discouraged. term suggested: reference electrode (not a synonym). Noachter_1999_Indifferent_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Input Noachter_1999_Input Noachter 1999 Input: The signal fed into an EEG amplifi (see input termin 1; input termin 2). noachter 1999 input noachter 1999 input: the signal fed into an eeg amplifier (see input terminal 1; input terminal 2). Noachter_1999_Input ESSO:Noachter_1999_Input_Circuit Noachter_1999_Input_Circuit Noachter 1999 Input Circuit: System consist of the EEG electrod and interven tissues, the electrod leads, jack box, input cable, and electrod selectors. noachter 1999 input circuit noachter 1999 input circuit: system consisting of the eeg electrodes and intervening tissues, the electrode leads, jack box, input cable, and electrode selectors. Noachter_1999_Input_Circuit ESSO:Noachter_1999_Input_Impedance Noachter_1999_Input_Impedance Noachter 1999 Input Impedance: Impedanc that exist between the two input of an EEG amplifier. Measur in ohm (gener mega-ohms, M<Ohms>) with or without the addit specif of input shunt capacit (measur in picofarads, pF). Comment: not a synonym of electrod impedance. noachter 1999 input imped noachter 1999 input impedance noachter 1999 input impedance: impedance that exists between the two inputs of an eeg amplifier. measured in ohms (generally mega-ohms, m<ohms>) with or without the additional specification of input shunt capacitance (measured in picofarads, pf). comment: not a synonym of electrode impedance. Noachter_1999_Input_Impedance ESSO:Noachter_1999_Input_Terminal_1 Noachter_1999_Input_Terminal_1 Noachter 1999 Input Termin 1: The input termin of the differenti EEG amplifi at which negativity, relat to the other input terminal, produc an upward trace deflection. Synonyms: \"grid 1\" (G1), black lead (use discouraged) (see polar convention). noachter 1999 input termin 1 noachter 1999 input terminal 1 noachter 1999 input terminal 1: the input terminal of the differential eeg amplifier at which negativity, relative to the other input terminal, produces an upward trace deflection. synonyms: \"grid 1\" (g1), black lead (use discouraged) (see polarity convention). Noachter_1999_Input_Terminal_1 ESSO:Noachter_1999_Input_Terminal_2 Noachter_1999_Input_Terminal_2 Noachter 1999 Input Termin 2: The input termin of the differenti EEG amplifi at which negativity, relat to the other input terminal, produc a downward trace deflection. Synonyms: \"grid 2\" (G2), white lead (use discouraged) (see polar convention). Comment: the connect of an electrod to the input termin 2 of the EEG amplifi is repres in diagram as a dot or dash line. noachter 1999 input termin 2 noachter 1999 input terminal 2 noachter 1999 input terminal 2: the input terminal of the differential eeg amplifier at which negativity, relative to the other input terminal, produces a downward trace deflection. synonyms: \"grid 2\" (g2), white lead (use discouraged) (see polarity convention). comment: the connection of an electrode to the input terminal 2 of the eeg amplifier is represented in diagrams as a dotted or dashed line. Noachter_1999_Input_Terminal_2 ESSO:Noachter_1999_Input_Voltage Noachter_1999_Input_Voltage Noachter 1999 Input Voltage: Potenti differ between the two input termin of a differenti EEG amplifier. noachter 1999 input voltag noachter 1999 input voltage noachter 1999 input voltage: potential difference between the two input terminals of a differential eeg amplifier. Noachter_1999_Input_Voltage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Inter-Electrode_Distance Noachter_1999_Inter-Electrode_Distance Noachter 1999 Inter-Electrod Distance: Space between pair of electrodes. Comment: distanc between adjac electrod place accord to the standard 10-20 system or more close space electrod are frequent refer to as short or small inter-electrod distanc (10-10 system). Larger distanc such as the doubl or tripl distanc between standard electrod placement are often term long or larg interelectrod distances. noachter 1999 inter- electrod distanc noachter 1999 inter- electrode distance noachter 1999 inter-electrode distance: spacing between pairs of electrodes. comment: distances between adjacent electrodes placed according to the standard 10-20 system or more closely spaced electrodes are frequently referred to as short or small inter-electrode distances (10-10 system). larger distances such as the double or triple distance between standard electrode placements are often termed long or large interelectrode distances. Noachter_1999_Inter-Electrode_Distance ESSO:Noachter_1999_Intercerebral_Electrode Noachter_1999_Intercerebral_Electrode Noachter 1999 Intercerebr Electrode: Synonym: depth electrod noachter 1999 intercerebr electrod noachter 1999 intercerebral electrode noachter 1999 intercerebral electrode: synonym: depth electrode Noachter_1999_Intercerebral_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Interhemispheric_Derivation Noachter_1999_Interhemispheric_Derivation Noachter 1999 Interhemispher Derivation: Record between a pair of electrod locat on opposit side of the head. noachter 1999 interhemispher deriv noachter 1999 interhemispheric derivation noachter 1999 interhemispheric derivation: recording between a pair of electrodes located on opposite sides of the head. Noachter_1999_Interhemispheric_Derivation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Intermittent_Slow_Activity Noachter_1999_Intermittent_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Intermitt slow activity: A slow activ that occur intermitt and is not caus by drowsiness. Intermitt slow can be irregular or rhythmic (see continu slow activity). noachter 1999 intermitt slow activ noachter 1999 intermittent slow activity noachter 1999 intermittent slow activity: a slow activity that occurs intermittently and is not caused by drowsiness. intermittent slow can be irregular or rhythmical (see continuous slow activity). Noachter_1999_Intermittent_Slow_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Intracerebral_Electroencephalogram Noachter_1999_Intracerebral_Electroencephalogram Noachter 1999 Intracerebr Electroencephalogram: Synonym: depth electroencephalogram. noachter 1999 intracerebr electroencephalogram noachter 1999 intracerebral electroencephalogram noachter 1999 intracerebral electroencephalogram: synonym: depth electroencephalogram. Noachter_1999_Intracerebral_Electroencephalogram ESSO:Noachter_1999_Irregular Noachter_1999_Irregular Noachter 1999 Irregular: Appli to EEG wave and complex of inconst period and/or uneven contour. noachter 1999 irregular noachter 1999 irregular: applies to eeg waves and complexes of inconstant period and/or uneven contour. Noachter_1999_Irregular ESSO:Noachter_1999_Isoelectric Noachter_1999_Isoelectric Noachter 1999 Isoelectric: (1) The record obtain from a pair of equipotenti electrod (see equipotential). (2) Use of term discourag when describ record of electrocerebr inact (see inactivity, record of electrocerebral). noachter 1999 isoelectr noachter 1999 isoelectric noachter 1999 isoelectric: (1) the record obtained from a pair of equipotential electrodes (see equipotential). (2) use of term discouraged when describing record of electrocerebral inactivity (see inactivity, record of electrocerebral). Noachter_1999_Isoelectric ESSO:Noachter_1999_Isolated Noachter_1999_Isolated Noachter 1999 Isolated: Occur singly. noachter 1999 isol noachter 1999 isolated noachter 1999 isolated: occurring singly. Noachter_1999_Isolated ESSO:Noachter_1999_Isopotential_Line Noachter_1999_Isopotential_Line Noachter 1999 Equipotential: Appli to region of the head or electrod that are at the same potenti at a given instant in time. Synonym: isopotenti line. noachter 1999 equipotential: applies to regions of the head or electrodes that are at the same potential at a given instant in time. synonym: isopotential line. noachter 1999 isopotenti line noachter 1999 isopotential line Noachter_1999_Isopotential_Line ESSO:Noachter_1999_Isopotential_Map Noachter_1999_Isopotential_Map Noachter 1999 Map, isopotential: Synonym: diagram of equipotenti lines. Graphic display of equipotenti line of a potential. The maximum amplitud of the potenti is 100% and the fall-off of the potenti is shown in arbitrari step of, for example, 10% of the maximum amplitude. noachter 1999 isopotenti map noachter 1999 isopotential map noachter 1999 map, isopotential: synonym: diagram of equipotential lines. graphic display of equipotential lines of a potential. the maximum amplitude of the potential is 100% and the fall-off of the potential is shown in arbitrary steps of, for example, 10% of the maximum amplitude. Noachter_1999_Isopotential_Map ESSO:Noachter_1999_K_Complex Noachter_1999_K_Complex Noachter 1999 K Complex: A burst of somewhat variabl appearance, consist most common of a high voltag negat slow wave follow by a smaller posit slow wave frequent associ with a sleep spindle. Amplitud is general maxim in the frontal vertex. K complex occur dure non- REM sleep, appar spontaneously, or in respons to sudden sensori stimuli, and are not specif for ani individu sensori modal (see vertex sharp transient). noachter 1999 k complex noachter 1999 k complex: a burst of somewhat variable appearance, consisting most commonly of a high voltage negative slow wave followed by a smaller positive slow wave frequently associated with a sleep spindle. amplitude is generally maximal in the frontal vertex. k complexes occur during non- rem sleep, apparently spontaneously, or in response to sudden sensory stimuli, and are not specific for any individual sensory modality (see vertex sharp transient). Noachter_1999_K_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Kappa_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Kappa_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Kappa Rhythm: (Use of term discouraged). Rhythm consist of burst of alpha or theta frequenc occur over the tempor area of the scalp of subject engag in mental activity. Comments: (1) best record between electrod locat later to the outer canthus of each eye. (2) The cerebr origin of this rhythm is consid unproven. It is most probabl an ocular artifact caus by discret later oscil of the eyes. noachter 1999 kappa rhythm noachter 1999 kappa rhythm: (use of term discouraged). rhythm consisting of bursts of alpha or theta frequency occurring over the temporal areas of the scalp of subjects engaged in mental activity. comments: (1) best recorded between electrodes located lateral to the outer canthus of each eye. (2) the cerebral origin of this rhythm is considered unproven. it is most probably an ocular artifact caused by discrete lateral oscillations of the eyes. Noachter_1999_Kappa_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Lambda_Wave Noachter_1999_Lambda_Wave Noachter 1999 Lambda Wave: Diphas sharp transient occur over the occipit region of the head of wake subject dure visual exploration. The main compon is posit relat to other areas. Time-lock to saccad eye movement. Amplitud vari but is general below 50 uV. Greek letter: <lambda> noachter 1999 lambda wave noachter 1999 lambda wave: diphasic sharp transient occurring over the occipital regions of the head of waking subjects during visual exploration. the main component is positive relative to other areas. time-locked to saccadic eye movement. amplitude varies but is generally below 50 uv. greek letter: <lambda> Noachter_1999_Lambda_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Lambdoid_Wave Noachter_1999_Lambdoid_Wave Noachter 1999 Lambdoid Wave: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: posit occipit sharp transient of sleep (POSTS). noachter 1999 lambdoid wave noachter 1999 lambdoid wave: use of term discouraged. term suggested: positive occipital sharp transient of sleep (posts). Noachter_1999_Lambdoid_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Laplacian_Montage Noachter_1999_Laplacian_Montage Noachter 1999 Laplacian Montage: Montag that can be use in digit EEG record and consist of a mathemat transform involv the second spatial derivative; the Laplacian of the potenti may be approxim by use the averag of all neighbor electrod as a refer for each site or electrode. Montag use for local of focal abnorm on digit EEG (see averag potenti reference). noachter 1999 laplacian montag noachter 1999 laplacian montage noachter 1999 laplacian montage: montage that can be used in digital eeg recordings and consists of a mathematical transformation involving the second spatial derivative; the laplacian of the potential may be approximated by using the average of all neighboring electrodes as a reference for each site or electrode. montage used for localization of focal abnormalities on digital eeg (see average potential reference). Noachter_1999_Laplacian_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Larval_Spike-and-Slow-Wave Noachter_1999_Larval_Spike-and-Slow-Wave noachter 1999 larval spike and slow wave: use of term discouraged. term suggested: 6-hz spike-and-slow-wave. noachter 1999 larval spike-and- slow- wave Noachter_1999_Larval_Spike-and-Slow-Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Lateralized Noachter_1999_Lateralized Noachter 1999 Lateralized: Involv main the right or left side of the head (see unilateral; regional). noachter 1999 later noachter 1999 lateralized noachter 1999 lateralized: involving mainly the right or left side of the head (see unilateral; regional). Noachter_1999_Lateralized ESSO:Noachter_1999_Lead Noachter_1999_Lead Noachter 1999 Lead: Strictly: wire connect an electrod to the electroencephalograph. Loosely: synonym of electrode. noachter 1999 lead noachter 1999 lead: strictly: wire connecting an electrode to the electroencephalograph. loosely: synonym of electrode. Noachter_1999_Lead ESSO:Noachter_1999_Light_Sleep Noachter_1999_Light_Sleep Noachter 1999 Light Sleep: Non-REM sleep stage 1 and 2 (Rechtschaffen and Kale 1968). noachter 1999 light sleep noachter 1999 light sleep: non-rem sleep stages 1 and 2 (rechtschaffen and kales 1968). Noachter_1999_Light_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Linkage Noachter_1999_Linkage Noachter 1999 Linkage: The connect of a pair of electrod to the two respect input termin of a differenti EEG amplifi (see derivation). noachter 1999 linkag noachter 1999 linkage noachter 1999 linkage: the connection of a pair of electrodes to the two respective input terminals of a differential eeg amplifier (see derivation). Noachter_1999_Linkage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Longitudinal_Bipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Longitudinal_Bipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Longitudin Bipolar Montage: A montag consist of deriv from pair of electrod along longitudinal, usual antero-posterior, arrays. noachter 1999 longitudin bipolar montag noachter 1999 longitudinal bipolar montage noachter 1999 longitudinal bipolar montage: a montage consisting of derivations from pairs of electrodes along longitudinal, usually antero-posterior, arrays. Noachter_1999_Longitudinal_Bipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Low_Frequency_Filter Noachter_1999_Low_Frequency_Filter Noachter 1999 Low Frequenc Filter: A circuit that reduc the sensit of the EEG channel to relat low frequencies. Synonym: high pass filter. For each posit of the low frequenc filter control, this attenu is express as percent reduct of output trace deflect at a given state frequency, relat to frequenc unaffect by the filter, i.e. in the mid-frequ band of the channel. Comment: at present low frequenc filter design and their signific are not yet standard for instrument of differ manufacturers. For instance, in a given instrument, a low frequenc filter set design I Hz may indic a 30% (3 dB), or other state percent, reduct in sensit at 1 Hz, compar to the sensitivity, for example, at 10 Hz. The same posit of the low frequenc filter set may also be design by the time constant. noachter 1999 low frequenc filter noachter 1999 low frequency filter noachter 1999 low frequency filter: a circuit that reduces the sensitivity of the eeg channel to relatively low frequencies. synonym: high pass filter. for each position of the low frequency filter control, this attenuation is expressed as percent reduction of output trace deflection at a given stated frequency, relative to frequencies unaffected by the filter, i.e. in the mid-frequency band of the channel. comment: at present low frequency filter designations and their significance are not yet standardized for instruments of different manufacturers. for instance, in a given instrument, a low frequency filter setting designated i hz may indicate a 30% (3 db), or other stated percent, reduction in sensitivity at 1 hz, compared to the sensitivity, for example, at 10 hz. the same position of the low frequency filter setting may also be designated by the time constant. Noachter_1999_Low_Frequency_Filter ESSO:Noachter_1999_Low_Frequency_Response Noachter_1999_Low_Frequency_Response Noachter 1999 Low Frequenc Response: Sensit of an EEG channel to relat low frequencies. Determin by the low frequenc respons of the amplifi and by the low frequenc filter (time constant) used. Express as percent reduct in output trace deflect at certain state low frequencies, relat to other frequenc in the mid-frequ band of the channel (see low frequenc filter, time constant). noachter 1999 low frequenc respons noachter 1999 low frequency response noachter 1999 low frequency response: sensitivity of an eeg channel to relatively low frequencies. determined by the low frequency response of the amplifier and by the low frequency filter (time constant) used. expressed as percent reduction in output trace deflection at certain stated low frequencies, relative to other frequencies in the mid-frequency band of the channel (see low frequency filter, time constant). Noachter_1999_Low_Frequency_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Low_Pass_Filter Noachter_1999_Low_Pass_Filter Noachter 1999 Low pass filter: Synonym: high frequenc filter. noachter 1999 low pass filter noachter 1999 low pass filter: synonym: high frequency filter. Noachter_1999_Low_Pass_Filter ESSO:Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_EEG Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_EEG Noachter 1999 Low Voltag EEG: A wake record character by activ of amplitud not greater than 20 uV over all head regions. With appropri instrument sensit this activ can be shown to be compos primarili of beta, theta and, to a lesser degree, delta waves, with or without alpha activ over the posterior areas. Comments: (1) Low voltag EEGs are suscept to chang under the influenc of certain physiolog stimuli, sleep, pharmacolog agent and patholog processes. (2) They should be clear distinguish from trace of electrocerebr inact and low voltag fast activity. noachter 1999 low voltag e e g noachter 1999 low voltage e e g noachter 1999 low voltage eeg: a waking record characterized by activity of amplitude not greater than 20 uv over all head regions. with appropriate instrumental sensitivities this activity can be shown to be composed primarily of beta, theta and, to a lesser degree, delta waves, with or without alpha activity over the posterior areas. comments: (1) low voltage eegs are susceptible to change under the influence of certain physiological stimuli, sleep, pharmacological agents and pathological processes. (2) they should be clearly distinguished from tracings of electrocerebral inactivity and low voltage fast activity. Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_Fast_Activity Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_Fast_Activity Noachter 1999 Low Voltag Fast Activity: Refer to the fast, and often recruiting, activ which can be record at the onset of an ictal discharge, particular in invas EEG record of a seizure. noachter 1999 low voltag fast activ noachter 1999 low voltage fast activity noachter 1999 low voltage fast activity: refers to the fast, and often recruiting, activity which can be recorded at the onset of an ictal discharge, particularly in invasive eeg recording of a seizure. Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_Fast_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_Fast_EEG Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_Fast_EEG Noachter 1999 Low Voltag Fast EEG: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: low voltag EEG. noachter 1999 low voltag fast e e g noachter 1999 low voltage fast e e g noachter 1999 low voltage fast eeg: use of term discouraged. term suggested: low voltage eeg. Noachter_1999_Low_Voltage_Fast_EEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Monomorphic Noachter_1999_Monomorphic Noachter 1999 Monomorphic: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. noachter 1999 monomorph noachter 1999 monomorphic noachter 1999 monomorphic: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. Noachter_1999_Monomorphic ESSO:Noachter_1999_Monophasic_Wave Noachter_1999_Monophasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Monophas Wave: Wave develop on one side of the baseline. noachter 1999 monophas wave noachter 1999 monophasic wave noachter 1999 monophasic wave: wave developed on one side of the baseline. Noachter_1999_Monophasic_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Monopolar Noachter_1999_Monopolar noachter 1999 monopolar noachter 1999 monopolar: use of term discouraged. term suggested: referential. Noachter_1999_Monopolar ESSO:Noachter_1999_Monorhythmic Noachter_1999_Monorhythmic Noachter 1999 Monorhythmic: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. noachter 1999 monorhythm noachter 1999 monorhythmic noachter 1999 monorhythmic: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. Noachter_1999_Monorhythmic ESSO:Noachter_1999_Monorhythmic_Sinusoidal_Delta_Activity Noachter_1999_Monorhythmic_Sinusoidal_Delta_Activity Noachter 1999 Monorhythm Sinusoid Delta Activity: Use of term discourag (see delta rhythm; frontal (occipital) intermitt rhythmic delta activity). noachter 1999 monorhythm sinusoid delta activ noachter 1999 monorhythmic sinusoidal delta activity noachter 1999 monorhythmic sinusoidal delta activity: use of term discouraged (see delta rhythm; frontal (occipital) intermittent rhythmic delta activity). Noachter_1999_Monorhythmic_Sinusoidal_Delta_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Montage Noachter_1999_Montage Noachter 1999 Montage: The particular arrang by which a number of deriv are display simultan in an EEG record. noachter 1999 montag noachter 1999 montage noachter 1999 montage: the particular arrangement by which a number of derivations are displayed simultaneously in an eeg record. Noachter_1999_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Morphology Noachter_1999_Morphology Noachter 1999 Morphology: (1) the studi of the form of EEG waves. (2) The form of EEG waves. noachter 1999 morpholog noachter 1999 morphology noachter 1999 morphology: (1) the study of the form of eeg waves. (2) the form of eeg waves. Noachter_1999_Morphology ESSO:Noachter_1999_Mu_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Mu_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Mu Rhythm: Rhythm at 7-11 Hz, compos of arch-shap wave occur over the central or centropariet region of the scalp dure wakefulness. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 uV. Block or attenu most clear by contralater movement, thought of movement, readi to move or tactil stimulation. Greek letter: u. Synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythm (use discouraged). noachter 1999 mu rhythm noachter 1999 mu rhythm: rhythm at 7-11 hz, composed of arch-shaped waves occurring over the central or centroparietal regions of the scalp during wakefulness. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 uv. blocked or attenuated most clearly by contralateral movement, thought of movement, readiness to move or tactile stimulation. greek letter: u. synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythms (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Mu_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Multifocal Noachter_1999_Multifocal Noachter 1999 Multifocal: More than two or more spatial separ foci (see focal, regional, multiregional). noachter 1999 multifoc noachter 1999 multifocal noachter 1999 multifocal: more than two or more spatially separated foci (see focal, regional, multiregional). Noachter_1999_Multifocal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Multiple_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter_1999_Multiple_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Multipl Spike and Slow Wave Complex: A sequenc of two or more spike associ with one or more slow waves. Synonym: polyspike-and-slow-wav complex (prefer term). noachter 1999 multipl spike-and- slow- wave complex noachter 1999 multiple spike and slow wave complex: a sequence of two or more spikes associated with one or more slow waves. synonym: polyspike-and-slow-wave complex (preferred term). noachter 1999 multiple spike-and- slow- wave complex Noachter_1999_Multiple_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Multiple_Spike_Complex Noachter_1999_Multiple_Spike_Complex Noachter 1999 Multipl Spike Complex: A sequenc of two or more spikes. Synonym: polyspik complex (prefer term). noachter 1999 multipl spike complex noachter 1999 multiple spike complex noachter 1999 multiple spike complex: a sequence of two or more spikes. synonym: polyspike complex (preferred term). Noachter_1999_Multiple_Spike_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Multiregional Noachter_1999_Multiregional Noachter 1999 Multiregional: Three and more region foci (see regional). noachter 1999 multiregion noachter 1999 multiregional noachter 1999 multiregional: three and more regional foci (see regional). Noachter_1999_Multiregional ESSO:Noachter_1999_Nasopharyngeal_Electrode Noachter_1999_Nasopharyngeal_Electrode Noachter 1999 Nasopharyng Electrode: Rod electrod introduc through the nose and place against the nasopharyng wall with it tip lie near the bodi of the sphenoid bone. noachter 1999 nasopharyng electrod noachter 1999 nasopharyngeal electrode noachter 1999 nasopharyngeal electrode: rod electrode introduced through the nose and placed against the nasopharyngeal wall with its tip lying near the body of the sphenoid bone. Noachter_1999_Nasopharyngeal_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Needle_Electrode Noachter_1999_Needle_Electrode Noachter 1999 Needl Electrode: Small needl insert into the subderm layer of the scalp. noachter 1999 needl electrod noachter 1999 needle electrode noachter 1999 needle electrode: small needle inserted into the subdermal layer of the scalp. Noachter_1999_Needle_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Neuronal_Hyperexcitability Noachter_1999_Neuronal_Hyperexcitability Noachter 1999 Neuron Hyperexcitability: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. noachter 1999 neuron hyperexcit noachter 1999 neuronal hyperexcitability noachter 1999 neuronal hyperexcitability: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. Noachter_1999_Neuronal_Hyperexcitability ESSO:Noachter_1999_Neutral_Electrode Noachter_1999_Neutral_Electrode noachter 1999 neutral electrod noachter 1999 neutral electrode noachter 1999 neutral electrode: use of term discouraged. Noachter_1999_Neutral_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Non-REM_Sleep Noachter_1999_Non-REM_Sleep Noachter 1999 Non-REM Sleep: Term summar all sleep stage except REM-sleep (see quiet sleep). noachter 1999 non- r e m sleep noachter 1999 non-rem sleep: term summarizing all sleep stages except rem-sleep (see quiet sleep). Noachter_1999_Non-REM_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Non-cephalic_Reference Noachter_1999_Non-cephalic_Reference Noachter 1999 Non-cephal Reference: Refer electrod that is not on the head. noachter 1999 non-cephal refer noachter 1999 non-cephalic reference noachter 1999 non-cephalic reference: reference electrode that is not on the head. Noachter_1999_Non-cephalic_Reference ESSO:Noachter_1999_Notch_Filter Noachter_1999_Notch_Filter Noachter 1999 Notch Filter: A filter that select attenu a veri narrow frequenc band, thus produc a sharp notch in the frequenc respons curv of an EEG channel. A 60- (50) Hz notch filter is use to provid attenu of 60 (50) Hz interfer under extrem unfavor technic conditions, such as, for instance, record in intens care units. noachter 1999 notch filter noachter 1999 notch filter: a filter that selectively attenuates a very narrow frequency band, thus producing a sharp notch in the frequency response curve of an eeg channel. a 60- (50) hz notch filter is used to provide attenuation of 60 (50) hz interference under extremely unfavorable technical conditions, such as, for instance, recordings in intensive care units. Noachter_1999_Notch_Filter ESSO:Noachter_1999_Nyquist_Theorem Noachter_1999_Nyquist_Theorem Noachter 1999 Nyquist Theorem: Accurat digit represent of an EEG signal requir that the sampl rate is at least twice the highest frequenc of the signal, i.e. a frequenc of 50 Hz requir at least a sampl rate of 100 Hz. Comment: sampl at twice Nyquvist frequenc ensur onli accur represent of frequenc content. Toler reproduct of waveform requir 5 sampl per wave for the fastest compon present. noachter 1999 nyquist theorem noachter 1999 nyquist theorem: accurate digital representation of an eeg signal requires that the sampling rate is at least twice the highest frequency of the signal, i.e. a frequency of 50 hz requires at least a sampling rate of 100 hz. comment: sampling at twice nyquvist frequency ensures only accurate representation of frequency content. tolerable reproduction of waveforms requires 5 samples per wave for the fastest components present. Noachter_1999_Nyquist_Theorem ESSO:Noachter_1999_Occipital_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_OIRDA Noachter_1999_Occipital_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_OIRDA Noachter 1999 Occipit Intermitt Delta Activiti OIRDA: Fair regular or approxim sinusoid waves, most occur in burst at 2-3 Hz over the occipit area of one or both side of the head. noachter 1999 occipit intermitt rhythmic delta activ o i r d a noachter 1999 occipital intermittent delta activity oirda: fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 2-3 hz over the occipital areas of one or both sides of the head. noachter 1999 occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity o i r d a Noachter_1999_Occipital_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_OIRDA ESSO:Noachter_1999_Ohmmeter Noachter_1999_Ohmmeter Noachter 1999 Ohmmeter: An instrument use to measur resist (see electrod resistance). noachter 1999 ohmmet noachter 1999 ohmmeter noachter 1999 ohmmeter: an instrument used to measure resistance (see electrode resistance). Noachter_1999_Ohmmeter ESSO:Noachter_1999_Organization Noachter_1999_Organization Noachter 1999 Organization: The degre to which physiolog EEG rhythm conform to certain ideal characterist display by a major of subject in the same age group, without person or famili histori of neurolog and psychiatr diseases, or other ill that might be associ with dysfunct of the brain. Comments: (1) The organ of physiolog EEG rhythm progress from birth to adulthood. (2) Poor organ of EEG rhythm such as the alpha rhythm doe not necessarili impli abnormality. noachter 1999 organ noachter 1999 organization noachter 1999 organization: the degree to which physiologic eeg rhythms conform to certain ideal characteristics displayed by a majority of subjects in the same age group, without personal or family history of neurologic and psychiatric diseases, or other illnesses that might be associated with dysfunction of the brain. comments: (1) the organization of physiologic eeg rhythms progresses from birth to adulthood. (2) poor organization of eeg rhythms such as the alpha rhythm does not necessarily imply abnormality. Noachter_1999_Organization ESSO:Noachter_1999_Out-of-phase_Signals Noachter_1999_Out-of-phase_Signals Noachter 1999 Out-Of-Phas Signals: Two wave of opposit phase (see differenti signal; phase reversal) (not a synonym). noachter 1999 out-of-phas signal noachter 1999 out-of-phase signals noachter 1999 out-of-phase signals: two waves of opposite phases (see differential signal; phase reversal) (not a synonym). Noachter_1999_Out-of-phase_Signals ESSO:Noachter_1999_Output_Voltage Noachter_1999_Output_Voltage Noachter 1999 Output Voltage: The voltag across the writer/trac of an EEG channel. noachter 1999 output voltag noachter 1999 output voltage noachter 1999 output voltage: the voltage across the writer/trace of an eeg channel. Noachter_1999_Output_Voltage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Overbreathing Noachter_1999_Overbreathing noachter 1999 overbreath noachter 1999 overbreathing noachter 1999 overbreathing: synonym: hyperventilation. Noachter_1999_Overbreathing ESSO:Noachter_1999_Overload Noachter_1999_Overload Noachter 1999 Overload: Condit caus by appli voltag differ which are larger than the channel is design for or set to handl to the input termin of an EEG amplifier. Caus clip of EEG wave and/or block of the amplifier, depend on it magnitud (see clipping, blocking). noachter 1999 overload noachter 1999 overload: condition caused by applying voltage differences which are larger than the channel is designed for or set to handle to the input terminals of an eeg amplifier. causes clipping of eeg waves and/or blocking of the amplifier, depending on its magnitude (see clipping, blocking). Noachter_1999_Overload ESSO:Noachter_1999_Pad_Electrode Noachter_1999_Pad_Electrode Noachter 1999 Pad Electrode: Metal electrod cover with a cotton or felt and gauz pad, held in posit by a head cap or harness. noachter 1999 pad electrod noachter 1999 pad electrode noachter 1999 pad electrode: metal electrode covered with a cotton or felt and gauze pad, held in position by a head cap or harness. Noachter_1999_Pad_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Paper_Speed Noachter_1999_Paper_Speed Noachter 1999 Paper Speed: Veloc of movement of EEG paper. Express in centimet per second (cm/s) or millimet per second (m/s). noachter 1999 paper speed noachter 1999 paper speed: velocity of movement of eeg paper. expressed in centimeters per second (cm/s) or millimeters per second (m/s). Noachter_1999_Paper_Speed ESSO:Noachter_1999_Paradoxical_Sleep Noachter_1999_Paradoxical_Sleep Noachter 1999 REM Sleep: Sleep stage character by low amplitud mix frequenc EEG activity, episod burst of predomin horizont rapid eye movement (REM) and reduct of axial tonic muscl activity; frequent associ with dreams; phasic muscl activity, saw-tooth wave and chang in respir may occur. Synonym: paradox sleep, desynchron sleep, dream sleep (use of term discouraged) (see activ sleep, non-REM sleep). noachter 1999 paradox sleep noachter 1999 paradoxical sleep noachter 1999 rem sleep: sleep stage characterized by low amplitude mixed frequency eeg activity, episodic bursts of predominantly horizontal rapid eye movements (rem) and reduction of axial tonic muscle activity; frequently associated with dreams; phasic muscle activity, saw-tooth waves and changes in respiration may occur. synonym: paradoxical sleep, desynchronized sleep, dream sleep (use of terms discouraged) (see active sleep, non-rem sleep). Noachter_1999_Paradoxical_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Paroxysm Noachter_1999_Paroxysm Noachter 1999 Paroxysm: Phenomenon with abrupt onset, rapid attain of a maximum, and sudden termination; distinguish from background activity. Comment: common use to refer to epileptiform pattern and seizur pattern (see epileptiform pattern, seizur pattern). noachter 1999 paroxysm noachter 1999 paroxysm: phenomenon with abrupt onset, rapid attainment of a maximum, and sudden termination; distinguished from background activity. comment: commonly used to refer to epileptiform patterns and seizure patterns (see epileptiform pattern, seizure pattern). Noachter_1999_Paroxysm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Paroxysmal_Fast Noachter_1999_Paroxysmal_Fast Noachter 1999 Paroxysm Fast: Fast frequenc in the beta rang occur in train (see paroxysm, low voltag fast activity). noachter 1999 paroxysm fast noachter 1999 paroxysmal fast noachter 1999 paroxysmal fast: fast frequencies in the beta range occurring in trains (see paroxysm, low voltage fast activity). Noachter_1999_Paroxysmal_Fast ESSO:Noachter_1999_Pattern Noachter_1999_Pattern Noachter 1999 Pattern: Ani characterist EEG activity. noachter 1999 pattern noachter 1999 pattern: any characteristic eeg activity. Noachter_1999_Pattern ESSO:Noachter_1999_Peak Noachter_1999_Peak Noachter 1999 Peak: Point of maximum amplitud of a wave. noachter 1999 peak noachter 1999 peak: point of maximum amplitude of a wave. Noachter_1999_Peak ESSO:Noachter_1999_Pen_Galvanometer Noachter_1999_Pen_Galvanometer noachter 1999 pen galvanomet noachter 1999 pen galvanometer noachter 1999 pen galvanometer: synonym: pen writer. Noachter_1999_Pen_Galvanometer ESSO:Noachter_1999_Pen_Motor Noachter_1999_Pen_Motor noachter 1999 pen motor noachter 1999 pen motor: synonym: pen writer. Noachter_1999_Pen_Motor ESSO:Noachter_1999_Pen_Writer Noachter_1999_Pen_Writer Noachter 1999 Pen Writer: A writer use ink deliv by a pen. Synonym: pen galvanometer, pen motor. noachter 1999 pen writer noachter 1999 pen writer: a writer using ink delivered by a pen. synonym: pen galvanometer, pen motor. Noachter_1999_Pen_Writer ESSO:Noachter_1999_Period Noachter_1999_Period Noachter 1999 Period: Durat of complet cycl of individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat EEG wave or complexes. Comment: the period of the individu compon of an EEG rhythm is the reciproc of the frequenc of the rhythm. noachter 1999 period noachter 1999 period: duration of complete cycle of individual component of a sequence of regularly repeated eeg waves or complexes. comment: the period of the individual components of an eeg rhythm is the reciprocal of the frequency of the rhythm. Noachter_1999_Period ESSO:Noachter_1999_Periodic Noachter_1999_Periodic Noachter 1999 Periodic: Appli to: (1) EEG wave or complex Occur in a sequenc at an approxim regular rate. (2) EEG wave or complex occur intermitt at approxim regular intervals, general of one to sever seconds. noachter 1999 period noachter 1999 periodic noachter 1999 periodic: applies to: (1) eeg waves or complexes occurring in a sequence at an approximately regular rate. (2) eeg waves or complexes occurring intermittently at approximately regular intervals, generally of one to several seconds. Noachter_1999_Periodic ESSO:Noachter_1999_Periodic_Lateralized_Epileptiform_Discharges_PLEDs Noachter_1999_Periodic_Lateralized_Epileptiform_Discharges_PLEDs Noachter 1999 Period Later Epileptiform Discharg (PLEDs): PLEDs are sharp transient such as sharp wave or spikes, which repeat in a period or semiperiod fashion. They have either a region or a later distribution. They may also occur independ over both hemispheres. The epileptiform discharg often have multipl phase and a complex morphology. The main compon is negative. noachter 1999 period later epileptiform discharg p l e ds noachter 1999 periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (pleds): pleds are sharp transients such as sharp waves or spikes, which repeat in a periodical or semiperiodical fashion. they have either a regional or a lateralized distribution. they may also occur independently over both hemispheres. the epileptiform discharges often have multiple phases and a complex morphology. the main component is negative. noachter 1999 periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges p l e ds Noachter_1999_Periodic_Lateralized_Epileptiform_Discharges_PLEDs ESSO:Noachter_1999_Petit_Mal Noachter_1999_Petit_Mal Noachter 1999 Petit Mal: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. Term suggested, whenev appropriate: 3 per second spike-and-slow-wav complex, atyp spike-and-slow-wav complex, sharp-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 petit mal noachter 1999 petit mal: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. terms suggested, whenever appropriate: 3 per second spike-and-slow-wave complex, atypical spike-and-slow-wave complex, sharp-and-slow-wave complex. Noachter_1999_Petit_Mal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Petit_Mal_Variant Noachter_1999_Petit_Mal_Variant Noachter 1999 Petit Mal Variant: Use of term discourag when describ EEG patterns. Term suggest whenev appropriate: atyp spike-and-slow-wav complex, sharp-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 petit mal variant noachter 1999 petit mal variant: use of term discouraged when describing eeg patterns. terms suggested whenever appropriate: atypical spike-and-slow-wave complex, sharp-and-slow-wave complex. Noachter_1999_Petit_Mal_Variant ESSO:Noachter_1999_Phantom_Spike-and-Slow-Wave Noachter_1999_Phantom_Spike-and-Slow-Wave noachter 1999 phantom spike and slow wave: use of term discouraged. term suggested: 6/s spike-and-slow-wave. noachter 1999 phantom spike-and- slow- wave Noachter_1999_Phantom_Spike-and-Slow-Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Phantom_Spike-and-Wave Noachter_1999_Phantom_Spike-and-Wave noachter 1999 phantom spike and wave: use of term discouraged. term suggested: 6/s spike-and-slow-wave. noachter 1999 phantom spike-and- wave Noachter_1999_Phantom_Spike-and-Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Phase Noachter_1999_Phase Noachter 1999 Phase: (1) Time or polar relationship between a point on a wave display in a deriv and the ident point on the same wave record simultan in anoth derivation. (2) Time or angular relationship between a point on a wave and the onset of the cycl of the same wave. Usualli express in degre or radians. noachter 1999 phase noachter 1999 phase: (1) time or polarity relationships between a point on a wave displayed in a derivation and the identical point on the same wave recorded simultaneously in another derivation. (2) time or angular relationships between a point on a wave and the onset of the cycle of the same wave. usually expressed in degrees or radians. Noachter_1999_Phase ESSO:Noachter_1999_Phase_Reversal Noachter_1999_Phase_Reversal Noachter 1999 Phase Reversal: Simultan trace deflect in opposit direct from two or more channels. Assume a singl generator, a phase revers is due to the same (or at least similar) signal be simultan appli to the input termin 2 of one differenti amplifi and to the input termin 1 of the other amplifier. Comment: (1) this phenomenon is rare observ in scalp EEGs, but is common in intracrani recordings. (2) When observ in two link bipolar derivations, phase revers indic that the potenti field is maxim or minim at or near the electrod common to such derivations. In a referenti deriv a phase revers indic that the refer electrod is neither maximum nor minimum for the signal. (3) A phase revers in a referenti recording, when assess use map of the potenti fields, indic that the sourc is locat beneath the zero potenti line at a depth that can be calcul by model (see phase reversal, bipolar montage, referenti montage, differenti amplifier, dipole). noachter 1999 phase revers noachter 1999 phase reversal noachter 1999 phase reversal: simultaneous trace deflections in opposite directions from two or more channels. assuming a single generator, a phase reversal is due to the same (or at least similar) signal being simultaneously applied to the input terminal 2 of one differential amplifier and to the input terminal 1 of the other amplifier. comment: (1) this phenomenon is rarely observed in scalp eegs, but is common in intracranial recordings. (2) when observed in two linked bipolar derivations, phase reversal indicates that the potential field is maximal or minimal at or near the electrode common to such derivations. in a referential derivation a phase reversal indicates that the reference electrode is neither maximum nor minimum for the signal. (3) a phase reversal in a referential recording, when assessed using mapping of the potential fields, indicates that the source is located beneath the zero potential line at a depth that can be calculated by modeling (see phase reversal, bipolar montage, referential montage, differential amplifier, dipole). Noachter_1999_Phase_Reversal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photic_Driving Noachter_1999_Photic_Driving Noachter 1999 Photic Driving: Physiolog respons consist of rhythmic activ elicit over the posterior region of the head by repetit photic stimul at frequenc of about 5-30 Hz. Comments: (1) term should be limit to activ time-lock to the stimulus and of frequenc ident or harmon relat to the stimulus frequency. (2) Photic drive should be distinguish from the visual evok potenti elicit by isol flash of light or flash repeat at veri low frequencies. noachter 1999 photic drive noachter 1999 photic driving noachter 1999 photic driving: physiologic response consisting of rhythmic activity elicited over the posterior regions of the head by repetitive photic stimulation at frequencies of about 5-30 hz. comments: (1) term should be limited to activity time-locked to the stimulus and of frequency identical or harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. (2) photic driving should be distinguished from the visual evoked potentials elicited by isolated flashes of light or flashes repeated at very low frequencies. Noachter_1999_Photic_Driving ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photic_Stimulation Noachter_1999_Photic_Stimulation Noachter 1999 Photic Stimulation: Deliveri of intermitt flash of light to the eye of a subject. Used as EEG activ procedure. Synonym: intermitt photic stimul (IPS). noachter 1999 photic stimul noachter 1999 photic stimulation noachter 1999 photic stimulation: delivery of intermittent flashes of light to the eyes of a subject. used as eeg activation procedure. synonym: intermittent photic stimulation (ips). Noachter_1999_Photic_Stimulation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photic_Stimulator Noachter_1999_Photic_Stimulator Noachter 1999 Photic Stimulator: Devic for deliv intermitt flash of light. Synonym: stroboscop (use discouraged). noachter 1999 photic stimul noachter 1999 photic stimulator noachter 1999 photic stimulator: device for delivering intermittent flashes of light. synonym: stroboscope (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Photic_Stimulator ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photoconvulsive_Response Noachter_1999_Photoconvulsive_Response Noachter 1999 Photoconvuls Responses: Synonym: photoparoxysm respons (prefer term). noachter 1999 photoconvuls respons noachter 1999 photoconvulsive response noachter 1999 photoconvulsive responses: synonym: photoparoxysmal response (preferred term). Noachter_1999_Photoconvulsive_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photomyoclonic_Response Noachter_1999_Photomyoclonic_Response Noachter 1999 Photomyoclon Response: Synonym: myogen respons (prefer term). noachter 1999 photomyoclon respons noachter 1999 photomyoclonic response noachter 1999 photomyoclonic response: synonym: myogenic response (preferred term). Noachter_1999_Photomyoclonic_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photomyogenic_Response Noachter_1999_Photomyogenic_Response Noachter 1999 Photomyogen Response: A respons to intermitt photic stimul character by the appear in the record of brief, repetit muscular artifact (spikes) over the anterior region of the head. These often increas gradual in amplitud as stimuli are continu and ceas prompt when the stimulus is withdrawn. Comment: this respons is frequent associ with flutter of the eyelid and vertic oscil of the eyebal and sometim with discret jerk most involv the musculatur of the face and head. Prefer to synonym: photomyoclon response. noachter 1999 photomyogen respons noachter 1999 photomyogenic response noachter 1999 photomyogenic response: a response to intermittent photic stimulation characterized by the appearance in the record of brief, repetitive muscular artifacts (spikes) over the anterior regions of the head. these often increase gradually in amplitude as stimuli are continued and cease promptly when the stimulus is withdrawn. comment: this response is frequently associated with flutter of the eyelids and vertical oscillations of the eyeballs and sometimes with discrete jerking mostly involving the musculature of the face and head. preferred to synonym: photomyoclonic response. Noachter_1999_Photomyogenic_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Photoparoxysmal_Response Noachter_1999_Photoparoxysmal_Response Noachter 1999 Photoparoxysm Response: Abnormal respons to intermitt photic stimul character by spike-and-slow-wav and polyspike-and-slow-wav complexes. Respons are grade from occipit spike time-lock to the flash to general epileptiform discharg which may outlast the stimulus by a few seconds. Comment: onli the general spike-and-wav respons show a strong associ with epilepsy, particular if it is self-sustain and continu after the stimulus. Prefer to synonym: photoconvuls response. noachter 1999 photoparoxysm respons noachter 1999 photoparoxysmal response noachter 1999 photoparoxysmal response: abnormal response to intermittent photic stimulation characterized by spike-and-slow-wave and polyspike-and-slow-wave complexes. responses are graded from occipital spikes time-locked to the flashes to generalized epileptiform discharges which may outlast the stimulus by a few seconds. comment: only the generalized spike-and-wave response shows a strong association with epilepsy, particularly if it is self-sustaining and continues after the stimulus. preferred to synonym: photoconvulsive response. Noachter_1999_Photoparoxysmal_Response ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polarity_Convention Noachter_1999_Polarity_Convention Noachter 1999 Polar Convention: Internat agreement wherebi differenti EEG amplifi are construct so that negat at the input termina1 1 relat to the input termin 2 of the same amplifi produc an upward trace deflection. Comment: this convent is contrari to that prevail in some other biolog and non-biolog fields. noachter 1999 polar convent noachter 1999 polarity convention noachter 1999 polarity convention: international agreement whereby differential eeg amplifiers are constructed so that negativity at the input termina1 1 relative to the input terminal 2 of the same amplifier produces an upward trace deflection. comment: this convention is contrary to that prevailing in some other biological and non-biological fields. Noachter_1999_Polarity_Convention ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polygraphic_Recording Noachter_1999_Polygraphic_Recording Noachter 1999 Polygraph Recording: Simultan monitor of multipl physiolog measur such as the EEG, respiration, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, eye movement, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and leg movements, etc. noachter 1999 polygraph record noachter 1999 polygraphic recording noachter 1999 polygraphic recording: simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological measures such as the eeg, respiration, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, eye movement, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and leg movements, etc. Noachter_1999_Polygraphic_Recording ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polymorphic_Activity Noachter_1999_Polymorphic_Activity Noachter 1999 Polymorph Activity: Use of term discourag when describ EEG pattern. noachter 1999 polymorph activ noachter 1999 polymorphic activity noachter 1999 polymorphic activity: use of term discouraged when describing eeg pattern. Noachter_1999_Polymorphic_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polyphasic_Wave Noachter_1999_Polyphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Polyphas Wave: Wave consist of two or more compon develop on altern side of the baselin (see diphas wave, triphas wave). noachter 1999 polyphas wave noachter 1999 polyphasic wave noachter 1999 polyphasic wave: wave consisting of two or more components developed on alternating sides of the baseline (see diphasic wave, triphasic wave). Noachter_1999_Polyphasic_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polyrhythmic_Activity Noachter_1999_Polyrhythmic_Activity Noachter 1999 Polyrhythm Activity: Use of term discourag when describ EEG pattern. noachter 1999 polyrhythm activ noachter 1999 polyrhythmic activity noachter 1999 polyrhythmic activity: use of term discouraged when describing eeg pattern. Noachter_1999_Polyrhythmic_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polysomnography Noachter_1999_Polysomnography Noachter 1999 Polysomnography: Polygraph record of sleep (see polygraph recording). noachter 1999 polysomnographi noachter 1999 polysomnography noachter 1999 polysomnography: polygraphic recording of sleep (see polygraphic recording). Noachter_1999_Polysomnography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polyspike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter_1999_Polyspike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Polyspik and Slow Wave Complex: Synonym: multipl spike-and-slow-wav complex (term discouraged) . noachter 1999 polyspike and slow wave complex: synonym: multiple spike-and-slow-wave complex (term discouraged) . noachter 1999 polyspike-and- slow- wave complex Noachter_1999_Polyspike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Polyspike_Complex Noachter_1999_Polyspike_Complex Noachter 1999 Polyspik Complex: A sequenc of two or more spikes. Synonym: multipl spike complex (term discouraged). noachter 1999 polyspik complex noachter 1999 polyspike complex noachter 1999 polyspike complex: a sequence of two or more spikes. synonym: multiple spike complex (term discouraged). Noachter_1999_Polyspike_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Positive_Occipital_Sharp_Transient_of_Sleep_POSTS Noachter_1999_Positive_Occipital_Sharp_Transient_of_Sleep_POSTS Noachter 1999 Posit occipit sharp transient of sleep (POSTS): Sharp transient maxim over the occipit regions, posit relat to other areas, appar occur spontan dure sleep. May be singl or repetitive. Amplitud vari but is general below 50 uV. noachter 1999 posit occipit sharp transient of sleep p o s t s noachter 1999 positive occipital sharp transient of sleep (posts): sharp transient maximal over the occipital regions, positive relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep. may be single or repetitive. amplitude varies but is generally below 50 uv. noachter 1999 positive occipital sharp transient of sleep p o s t s Noachter_1999_Positive_Occipital_Sharp_Transient_of_Sleep_POSTS ESSO:Noachter_1999_Positive_Occipital_Spike-Like_Wave_of_Sleep Noachter_1999_Positive_Occipital_Spike-Like_Wave_of_Sleep Noachter 1999 Posit Occipit Spike Like Wave of Sleep: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: posit occipit sharp transient of sleep (POSTS). noachter 1999 posit occipit spike- like wave of sleep noachter 1999 positive occipital spike like wave of sleep: use of term discouraged. term suggested: positive occipital sharp transient of sleep (posts). noachter 1999 positive occipital spike- like wave of sleep Noachter_1999_Positive_Occipital_Spike-Like_Wave_of_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Potential Noachter_1999_Potential noachter 1999 potenti noachter 1999 potential noachter 1999 potential: (1) strictly: voltage. (2) loosely: synonym of wave. Noachter_1999_Potential ESSO:Noachter_1999_Potential_Field Noachter_1999_Potential_Field Noachter 1999 Potenti Field: Amplitud distribut of an EEG wave at the surfac of the head or cerebr cortex or in the depth of the brain, measur at a given instant in time. Repres in diagram by equipotenti line (see isopotenti map). noachter 1999 potenti field noachter 1999 potential field noachter 1999 potential field: amplitude distribution of an eeg wave at the surface of the head or cerebral cortex or in the depth of the brain, measured at a given instant in time. represented in diagrams by equipotential lines (see isopotential map). Noachter_1999_Potential_Field ESSO:Noachter_1999_Premature_Temporal_Theta Noachter_1999_Premature_Temporal_Theta Noachter 1999 Saw Tooth Bursts: Tempor sharp transient in preterm infant occur in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic wave at 4-8 Hz, often with high voltag (100-200 uV). Synonym: prematur tempor theta. noachter 1999 prematur tempor theta noachter 1999 premature temporal theta noachter 1999 saw toothed bursts: temporal sharp transients in preterm infants occurring in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic waves at 4-8 hz, often with high voltage (100-200 uv). synonym: premature temporal theta. Noachter_1999_Premature_Temporal_Theta ESSO:Noachter_1999_Projected_Patterns Noachter_1999_Projected_Patterns Noachter 1999 Project Patterns: Abnormal EEG activ believ to result from a disturb at a site remot from the record electrodes. Descript of specif EEG pattern preferred. noachter 1999 project pattern noachter 1999 projected patterns noachter 1999 projected patterns: abnormal eeg activities believed to result from a disturbance at a site remote from the recording electrodes. description of specific eeg patterns preferred. Noachter_1999_Projected_Patterns ESSO:Noachter_1999_Provocation_Procedure Noachter_1999_Provocation_Procedure Noachter 1999 Provoc Procedure: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: activ noachter 1999 provoc procedur noachter 1999 provocation procedure noachter 1999 provocation procedure: use of term discouraged. term suggested: activation Noachter_1999_Provocation_Procedure ESSO:Noachter_1999_Pseudoperiodic Noachter_1999_Pseudoperiodic noachter 1999 pseudoperiod noachter 1999 pseudoperiodic noachter 1999 pseudoperiodic: use of term discouraged. term suggested: quasiperiodic. Noachter_1999_Pseudoperiodic ESSO:Noachter_1999_Psychomotor_Variant Noachter_1999_Psychomotor_Variant Noachter 1999 Psychomotor Variant: Use of term discourag when describ EEG pattern. Term suggested: rhythmic tempor theta burst of drowsiness, noachter 1999 psychomotor variant noachter 1999 psychomotor variant: use of term discouraged when describing eeg pattern. term suggested: rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness, Noachter_1999_Psychomotor_Variant ESSO:Noachter_1999_Quantity Noachter_1999_Quantity Noachter 1999 Quantity: Amount of EEG activ with respect to both number and amplitud of waves. noachter 1999 quantiti noachter 1999 quantity noachter 1999 quantity: amount of eeg activity with respect to both number and amplitude of waves. Noachter_1999_Quantity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Quasiperiodic Noachter_1999_Quasiperiodic Noachter 1999 Quasiperiodic: Appli to EEG wave or complex that occur at interv and onli approach regularity. noachter 1999 quasiperiod noachter 1999 quasiperiodic noachter 1999 quasiperiodic: applies to eeg waves or complexes that occur at intervals and only approach regularity. Noachter_1999_Quasiperiodic ESSO:Noachter_1999_RC_Coupled_Amplifier Noachter_1999_RC_Coupled_Amplifier Noachter 1999 RC Coupl Amplifier: Abbreviat for resistance-capacit coupl amplifi noachter 1999 r c coupl amplifi noachter 1999 r c coupled amplifier noachter 1999 rc coupled amplifier: abbreviation for resistance-capacitance coupled amplifier Noachter_1999_RC_Coupled_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_REM Noachter_1999_REM noachter 1999 r e m noachter 1999 rem: rapid eye movements. Noachter_1999_REM ESSO:Noachter_1999_REM_Atonia Noachter_1999_REM_Atonia Noachter 1999 REM Atonia: Reduct of tonic muscl activ dure REM sleep. noachter 1999 r e m atonia noachter 1999 rem atonia: reduction of tonic muscle activity during rem sleep. Noachter_1999_REM_Atonia ESSO:Noachter_1999_REM_Sleep Noachter_1999_REM_Sleep Noachter 1999 REM Sleep: Sleep stage character by low amplitud mix frequenc EEG activity, episod burst of predomin horizont rapid eye movement (REM) and reduct of axial tonic muscl activity; frequent associ with dreams; phasic muscl activity, saw-tooth wave and chang in respir may occur. Synonym: paradox sleep, desynchron sleep, dream sleep (use of term discouraged) (see activ sleep, non-REM sleep). noachter 1999 r e m sleep noachter 1999 rem sleep: sleep stage characterized by low amplitude mixed frequency eeg activity, episodic bursts of predominantly horizontal rapid eye movements (rem) and reduction of axial tonic muscle activity; frequently associated with dreams; phasic muscle activity, saw-tooth waves and changes in respiration may occur. synonym: paradoxical sleep, desynchronized sleep, dream sleep (use of terms discouraged) (see active sleep, non-rem sleep). Noachter_1999_REM_Sleep ESSO:Noachter_1999_Reactivity Noachter_1999_Reactivity Noachter 1999 Reactivity: Suscept of individu rhythm or the EEG as a whole to chang follow sensori stimul or other physiolog actions. noachter 1999 reactiv noachter 1999 reactivity noachter 1999 reactivity: susceptibility of individual rhythms or the eeg as a whole to change following sensory stimulation or other physiologic actions. Noachter_1999_Reactivity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Record Noachter_1999_Record Noachter 1999 Record: The end product of the EEG record process. noachter 1999 record noachter 1999 record: the end product of the eeg recording process. Noachter_1999_Record ESSO:Noachter_1999_Record_of_Electrocerebral_Inactivity Noachter_1999_Record_of_Electrocerebral_Inactivity Noachter 1999 Record of Electrocerebr Inactivity: Absenc over all region of the head of identifi electr activ of cerebr origin, whether spontan or induc by physiolog stimuli or pharmacolog agents. Comment: determin of electrocerebr inact requir stringent technic precautions. Trace of electrocerebr inact should be clear distinguish from low voltag EEGs and record display delta activ of low amplitud (see low voltag EEG). Synonym: electrocerebr silenc (use of term discouraged). noachter 1999 record of electrocerebr inact noachter 1999 record of electrocerebral inactivity noachter 1999 record of electrocerebral inactivity: absence over all regions of the head of identifiable electrical activity of cerebral origin, whether spontaneous or induced by physiological stimuli or pharmacological agents. comment: determination of electrocerebral inactivity requires stringent technical precautions. tracings of electrocerebral inactivity should be clearly distinguished from low voltage eegs and records displaying delta activity of low amplitude (see low voltage eeg). synonym: electrocerebral silence (use of term discouraged). Noachter_1999_Record_of_Electrocerebral_Inactivity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Record_of_Electrocerebral_Silence Noachter_1999_Record_of_Electrocerebral_Silence Noachter 1999 Record of Electrocerebr Silence: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: record of electrocerebr inactivity. noachter 1999 record of electrocerebr silenc noachter 1999 record of electrocerebral silence noachter 1999 record of electrocerebral silence: use of term discouraged. term suggested: record of electrocerebral inactivity. Noachter_1999_Record_of_Electrocerebral_Silence ESSO:Noachter_1999_Recording Noachter_1999_Recording Noachter 1999 Recording: (1) The process of obtain an EEG record. Synonym: tracing. (2) The end product of the EEG record process, most common trace on paper or digit storage. Synonyms: record, tracing. noachter 1999 record noachter 1999 recording noachter 1999 recording: (1) the process of obtaining an eeg record. synonym: tracing. (2) the end product of the eeg recording process, most commonly traced on paper or digital storage. synonyms: record, tracing. Noachter_1999_Recording ESSO:Noachter_1999_Reference_Electrode Noachter_1999_Reference_Electrode Noachter 1999 Refer Electrode: (1) In general: ani electrod against which the potenti variat of anoth electrod are measured. (2) Specifically: a suitabl refer electrod is ani electrod customarili connect to the input termin 2 of an EEG amplifi and place so as to minim the likelihood of pick-up of the same EEG activ record by an explor electrode, usual connect to the input termin 1 of the same amplifier, or of other activities. Comments: (1) Whatev the locat of the refer electrode, the possibl that it might be affect by appreci EEG potenti should alway be considered. (2) A refer electrod connect to the input termin 2 of all or sever EEG amplifi is refer to as a common refer electrode. noachter 1999 refer electrod noachter 1999 reference electrode noachter 1999 reference electrode: (1) in general: any electrode against which the potential variations of another electrode are measured. (2) specifically: a suitable reference electrode is any electrode customarily connected to the input terminal 2 of an eeg amplifier and placed so as to minimize the likelihood of pick-up of the same eeg activity recorded by an exploring electrode, usually connected to the input terminal 1 of the same amplifier, or of other activities. comments: (1) whatever the location of the reference electrode, the possibility that it might be affected by appreciable eeg potentials should always be considered. (2) a reference electrode connected to the input terminal 2 of all or several eeg amplifiers is referred to as a common reference electrode. Noachter_1999_Reference_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Referential Noachter_1999_Referential Noachter 1999 Referenti Derivation: Record from a pair of electrod consist of an explor electrod general connect to the input termin 1 and a refer electrod usual connect to the input termin 2 of an EEG amplifi (see refer electrode, referenti montage, common refer montage) Noachter 1999 Referenti Montage: A montag consist of referenti derivations. Comment: a referenti montag in which the refer electrod is common to multipl deriv is refer to as a common refer montag (see referenti derivation). Noachter 1999 Unipolar: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: referential. noachter 1999 referenti noachter 1999 referential noachter 1999 referential derivation: recording from a pair of electrodes consisting of an exploring electrode generally connected to the input terminal 1 and a reference electrode usually connected to the input terminal 2 of an eeg amplifier (see reference electrode, referential montage, common reference montage) noachter 1999 referential montage: a montage consisting of referential derivations. comment: a referential montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations is referred to as a common reference montage (see referential derivation). noachter 1999 unipolar: use of term discouraged. term suggested: referential. Noachter_1999_Referential ESSO:Noachter_1999_Referential_Derivation Noachter_1999_Referential_Derivation Noachter 1999 Referenti Derivation: Record from a pair of electrod consist of an explor electrod general connect to the input termin 1 and a refer electrod usual connect to the input termin 2 of an EEG amplifi (see refer electrode, referenti montage, common refer montage) noachter 1999 referenti deriv noachter 1999 referential derivation noachter 1999 referential derivation: recording from a pair of electrodes consisting of an exploring electrode generally connected to the input terminal 1 and a reference electrode usually connected to the input terminal 2 of an eeg amplifier (see reference electrode, referential montage, common reference montage) Noachter_1999_Referential_Derivation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Referential_Montage Noachter_1999_Referential_Montage Noachter 1999 Referenti Montage: A montag consist of referenti derivations. Comment: a referenti montag in which the refer electrod is common to multipl deriv is refer to as a common refer montag (see referenti derivation). noachter 1999 referenti montag noachter 1999 referential montage noachter 1999 referential montage: a montage consisting of referential derivations. comment: a referential montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations is referred to as a common reference montage (see referential derivation). Noachter_1999_Referential_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Reformatting Noachter_1999_Reformatting Noachter 1999 Reformatting: Transform of digit EEG into differ montages. Reformat requir that the raw EEG signal is record to a common refer electrode. Onli those electrod can be includ in the reformat montag which are connect to amplifi input 1. noachter 1999 reformat noachter 1999 reformatting noachter 1999 reformatting: transformation of digitized eeg into different montages. reformatting requires that the raw eeg signal is recorded to a common reference electrode. only those electrodes can be included in the reformatting montages which are connected to amplifier input 1. Noachter_1999_Reformatting ESSO:Noachter_1999_Regional Noachter_1999_Regional Noachter 1999 Regional: EEG activ that is limit to a region of the scalp or record in 3 or more electrod in intracrani record (see focal, multiregional). noachter 1999 region noachter 1999 regional noachter 1999 regional: eeg activity that is limited to a region of the scalp or recorded in 3 or more electrodes in intracranial recordings (see focal, multiregional). Noachter_1999_Regional ESSO:Noachter_1999_Regular Noachter_1999_Regular Noachter 1999 Regular: Appli to wave or complex of approxim constant period and relat uniform appearance. noachter 1999 regular noachter 1999 regular: applies to waves or complexes of approximately constant period and relatively uniform appearance. Noachter_1999_Regular ESSO:Noachter_1999_Resistance_Capacitance_Coupled_Amplifier Noachter_1999_Resistance_Capacitance_Coupled_Amplifier Noachter 1999 Resist Capacit Coupl Amplifier: An amplifi in which success stage are connect (coupled) by network consist of capacitor and resistors. Abbreviation: RC coupl amplifier. noachter 1999 resist capacit coupl amplifi noachter 1999 resistance capacitance coupled amplifier noachter 1999 resistance capacitance coupled amplifier: an amplifier in which successive stages are connected (coupled) by networks consisting of capacitors and resistors. abbreviation: rc coupled amplifier. Noachter_1999_Resistance_Capacitance_Coupled_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_Resolution Noachter_1999_Resolution Noachter 1999 Resolution: The resolut of an AD convert (see digit EEG) is specifi in binari digit or \"bits\". For example, a dynam rang of ± 1023 uV (a total span of 2046 uV), convert at 12-bit resolution, will allow the digit signal to take on valu everi 0.5 uV. noachter 1999 resolut noachter 1999 resolution noachter 1999 resolution: the resolution of an ad converter (see digital eeg) is specified in binary digits or \"bits\". for example, a dynamic range of ± 1023 uv (a total span of 2046 uv), converted at 12-bit resolution, will allow the digitized signal to take on values every 0.5 uv. Noachter_1999_Resolution ESSO:Noachter_1999_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Rhythm: EEG activ consist of wave of approxim constant period. noachter 1999 rhythm noachter 1999 rhythm: eeg activity consisting of waves of approximately constant period. Noachter_1999_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Rhythm_En_Arceau Noachter_1999_Rhythm_En_Arceau noachter 1999 phythm en arceau: use of term discouraged. term suggested: mu (u) rhythm. noachter 1999 rhythm en arceau Noachter_1999_Rhythm_En_Arceau ESSO:Noachter_1999_Rhythm_of_Alpha_Frequency Noachter_1999_Rhythm_of_Alpha_Frequency Noachter 1999 Rhythm of Alpha Frequency: (1) In general: ani rhythm in the alpha band. (2) Specifically: term should be use to design those activ in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regard their topographi and/or reactiv and do not have specif appel (such as mu rhythm) (see alpha rhythm). noachter 1999 rhythm of alpha frequenc noachter 1999 rhythm of alpha frequency noachter 1999 rhythm of alpha frequency: (1) in general: any rhythm in the alpha band. (2) specifically: term should be used to designate those activities in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regards their topography and/or reactivity and do not have specific appellations (such as mu rhythm) (see alpha rhythm). Noachter_1999_Rhythm_of_Alpha_Frequency ESSO:Noachter_1999_Rhythmic_Temporal_Theta_Burst_of_Drowsiness Noachter_1999_Rhythmic_Temporal_Theta_Burst_of_Drowsiness Noachter 1999 Rhythmic Tempor Theta Burst of Drowsiness: Characterist burst of 4-7 Hz wave frequent notch by faster waves, occur over the tempor region of the head dure drowsiness. Synonym: psychomotor variant pattern (use discouraged). Comment: this is a pattern of drowsi that is of no clinic significance. noachter 1999 rhythmic tempor theta burst of drowsi noachter 1999 rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness noachter 1999 rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness: characteristic burst of 4-7 hz waves frequently notched by faster waves, occurring over the temporal regions of the head during drowsiness. synonym: psychomotor variant pattern (use discouraged). comment: this is a pattern of drowsiness that is of no clinical significance. Noachter_1999_Rhythmic_Temporal_Theta_Burst_of_Drowsiness ESSO:Noachter_1999_Run Noachter_1999_Run noachter 1999 run run: colloquialism. use of term discouraged. term suggested: montage. Noachter_1999_Run ESSO:Noachter_1999_Saw-Tooth_Waves Noachter_1999_Saw-Tooth_Waves Noachter 1999 Saw Tooth Waves: Vertex negat 2-5 Hz wave occur in seri dure REM sleep. noachter 1999 saw tooth waves: vertex negative 2-5 hz waves occurring in series during rem sleep. noachter 1999 saw- tooth wave noachter 1999 saw- tooth waves Noachter_1999_Saw-Tooth_Waves ESSO:Noachter_1999_Saw-Toothed_Bursts Noachter_1999_Saw-Toothed_Bursts Noachter 1999 Saw Tooth Bursts: Tempor sharp transient in preterm infant occur in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic wave at 4-8 Hz, often with high voltag (100-200 uV). Synonym: prematur tempor theta. noachter 1999 saw toothed bursts: temporal sharp transients in preterm infants occurring in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic waves at 4-8 hz, often with high voltage (100-200 uv). synonym: premature temporal theta. noachter 1999 saw- tooth burst noachter 1999 saw- toothed bursts Noachter_1999_Saw-Toothed_Bursts ESSO:Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electrode Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electrode Noachter 1999 Scalp Electrode: Electrod held against, attach to, or insert in the scalp. noachter 1999 scalp electrod noachter 1999 scalp electrode noachter 1999 scalp electrode: electrode held against, attached to, or inserted in the scalp. Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electroencephalogram Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electroencephalogram Noachter 1999 Scalp Electroencephalogram: Record of electr activ of the brain by mean of electrod place on the surfac of the head. The term should be use onli to distinguish between scalp and other electroencephalogram such as depth electroencephalograms. In all other instances, a scalp electroencephalogram should be refer to simpli as an electroencephalogram (EEG). noachter 1999 scalp electroencephalogram noachter 1999 scalp electroencephalogram: record of electrical activity of the brain by means of electrodes placed on the surface of the head. the term should be used only to distinguish between scalp and other electroencephalograms such as depth electroencephalograms. in all other instances, a scalp electroencephalogram should be referred to simply as an electroencephalogram (eeg). Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electroencephalogram ESSO:Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electroencephalography Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electroencephalography Noachter 1999 Scalp Electroencephalography: Techniqu of record scalp electroencephalograms. Term should be use onli to distinguish between this and other record techniqu such as depth electroencephalography. In all other instanc scalp electroencephalographi should be refer to simpli as electroencephalographi (EEG). noachter 1999 scalp electroencephalography: technique of recording scalp electroencephalograms. term should be used only to distinguish between this and other recording techniques such as depth electroencephalography. in all other instances scalp electroencephalography should be referred to simply as electroencephalography (eeg). noachter 1999 scalp electroencephalographi noachter 1999 scalp electroencephalography Noachter_1999_Scalp_Electroencephalography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Secondary_Bilateral_Synchrony Noachter_1999_Secondary_Bilateral_Synchrony Noachter 1999 Secondari Bilater Synchrony: Spread of an initially/foc (regional) epileptiform discharg to becom generalized. Comment: secondari bilater synchroni frequent occur from midlin frontal generators. noachter 1999 secondari bilater synchroni noachter 1999 secondary bilateral synchrony noachter 1999 secondary bilateral synchrony: spreading of an initially/focal (regional) epileptiform discharge to become generalized. comment: secondary bilateral synchrony frequently occurs from midline frontal generators. Noachter_1999_Secondary_Bilateral_Synchrony ESSO:Noachter_1999_Seizure_Pattern Noachter_1999_Seizure_Pattern noachter 1999 seizur pattern noachter 1999 seizure pattern Noachter_1999_Seizure_Pattern ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sensitivity Noachter_1999_Sensitivity Sensitivity: Ratio of input voltag to output trace deflect in an EEG channel. Sensit is measur in microvolt per millimet (uV/mm). Example: Sensit = (input voltage)/(output trace deflection) = 50uV/10mm =5 uV/mm noachter 1999 sensit noachter 1999 sensitivity sensitivity: ratio of input voltage to output trace deflection in an eeg channel. sensitivity is measured in microvolts per millimeter (uv/mm). example: sensitivity = (input voltage)/(output trace deflection) = 50uv/10mm =5 uv/mm Noachter_1999_Sensitivity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sharp-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter_1999_Sharp-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Sharp and Slow Wave Complex: A sequenc of a sharp wave and a slow wave. Comment: hyphen facilit use of term in plural form: sharp-and-slow-wav complex or sharp-and-slow-waves. noachter 1999 sharp and slow wave complex: a sequence of a sharp wave and a slow wave. comment: hyphenation facilitates use of term in plural form: sharp-and-slow-wave complexes or sharp-and-slow-waves. noachter 1999 sharp-and- slow- wave complex Noachter_1999_Sharp-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sharp_Wave Noachter_1999_Sharp_Wave Noachter 1999 Sharp Wave: A transient, clear distinguish from background activity, with point peak at a convent paper speed or time scale and durat of 70-200 ms, i.e. over 1/4-1/5 s approximately. Main compon is general negat relat to other areas. Amplitud varies. Comments: (1) term should be restrict to epileptiform discharg and doe not appli to (a) distinct physiolog event such as vertex sharp transients, lambda wave and posit occipit sharp transient of sleep, (b) sharp transient poor distinguish from background activ and sharp-appear individu wave of EEG rhythms. (2) Sharp wave should be differenti from spikes, i.e. transient have similar characterist but shorter duration. However, it should be kept in mind that this distinct is larg arbitrari and primarili serv descript purposes. As a rule, in ink-written EEG record taken at 3 cm/s, sharp wave occupi more than 2 mm of paper width and spike 2 mm or less (see spike). noachter 1999 sharp wave noachter 1999 sharp wave: a transient, clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale and duration of 70-200 ms, i.e. over 1/4-1/5 s approximately. main component is generally negative relative to other areas. amplitude varies. comments: (1) term should be restricted to epileptiform discharges and does not apply to (a) distinctive physiologic events such as vertex sharp transients, lambda waves and positive occipital sharp transients of sleep, (b) sharp transients poorly distinguished from background activity and sharp-appearing individual waves of eeg rhythms. (2) sharp waves should be differentiated from spikes, i.e. transients having similar characteristics but shorter duration. however, it should be kept in mind that this distinction is largely arbitrary and primarily serves descriptive purposes. as a rule, in ink-written eeg records taken at 3 cm/s, sharp waves occupy more than 2 mm of paper width and spikes 2 mm or less (see spike). Noachter_1999_Sharp_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sigma_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Sigma_Rhythm noachter 1999 sigma rhythm noachter 1999 sigma rhythm: use of term discouraged. term suggested: sleep spindles. Noachter_1999_Sigma_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Simultaneous Noachter_1999_Simultaneous Noachter 1999 Simultaneous: Occur at the same time. Synonym: synchronous. noachter 1999 simultan noachter 1999 simultaneous noachter 1999 simultaneous: occurring at the same time. synonym: synchronous. Noachter_1999_Simultaneous ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sine_Wave Noachter_1999_Sine_Wave Noachter 1999 Sine Wave: Wave have the form of a sine curve. noachter 1999 sine wave noachter 1999 sine wave: wave having the form of a sine curve. Noachter_1999_Sine_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Single-Electrode_Lead Noachter_1999_Single-Electrode_Lead Noachter 1999 Unipolar Depth Electrode: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: single-electrod lead. noachter 1999 single- electrod lead noachter 1999 single- electrode lead noachter 1999 unipolar depth electrode: use of term discouraged. term suggested: single-electrode lead. Noachter_1999_Single-Electrode_Lead ESSO:Noachter_1999_Single-Ended_Amplifier Noachter_1999_Single-Ended_Amplifier Noachter 1999 Singl Ended Amplifier: An amplifi that oper on signal that are asymmetr with respect to ground. noachter 1999 single ended amplifier: an amplifier that operates on signals that are asymmetric with respect to ground. noachter 1999 single- end amplifi noachter 1999 single- ended amplifier Noachter_1999_Single-Ended_Amplifier ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sinusoidal Noachter_1999_Sinusoidal Noachter 1999 Sinusoidal: Term appli to EEG wave resembl sine wave noachter 1999 sinusoid noachter 1999 sinusoidal noachter 1999 sinusoidal: term applies to eeg waves resembling sine waves Noachter_1999_Sinusoidal ESSO:Noachter_1999_Six_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave Noachter_1999_Six_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave Noachter 1999 Six Hz Spike and Slow Wave: Spike-and-slow-wav complex at 4-7 Hz, but most at 6 Hz occur general in brief burst bilater and synchronously, symmetr or asymmetrically, and either confin to or of larger amplitud over the posterior or anterior region of the head. Amplitud vari but is general smaller than that of spike-and-slow-wav complex repeat at slower rates. Comment: this pattern is of littl clinic signific and should be distinguish from epileptiform discharges. noachter 1999 six hz spike and slow wave: spike-and-slow-wave complexes at 4-7 hz, but mostly at 6 hz occurring generally in brief bursts bilaterally and synchronously, symmetrically or asymmetrically, and either confined to or of larger amplitude over the posterior or anterior regions of the head. amplitude varies but is generally smaller than that of spike-and-slow-wave complexes repeating at slower rates. comment: this pattern is of little clinical significance and should be distinguished from epileptiform discharges. noachter 1999 six hz spike-and- slow- wave Noachter_1999_Six_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sleep_Onset_REM_SOREM Noachter_1999_Sleep_Onset_REM_SOREM Noachter 1999 Sleep Onset REM: the occurr of REM less than 15 min after fall asleep. noachter 1999 sleep onset r e m s o r e m noachter 1999 sleep onset rem: the occurrence of rem less than 15 min after falling asleep. Noachter_1999_Sleep_Onset_REM_SOREM ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sleep_Spindle Noachter_1999_Sleep_Spindle Noachter 1999 Sleep Spindle: Burst at 11-15 Hz but most at 12-14 Hz general diffus but of higher voltag over the central region of the head, occur dure sleep. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 pV in the adult. Synonym: sigma rhythm (use discouraged). noachter 1999 sleep spindl noachter 1999 sleep spindle noachter 1999 sleep spindle: burst at 11-15 hz but mostly at 12-14 hz generally diffuse but of higher voltage over the central regions of the head, occurring during sleep. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 pv in the adult. synonym: sigma rhythm (use discouraged). Noachter_1999_Sleep_Spindle ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sleep_Stages Noachter_1999_Sleep_Stages Noachter 1999 Sleep Stages: Distinct phase of sleep best demonstr by polygraph record of the EEG and other variables, includ at least eye movement and activ of certain voluntari muscles. Comment: classifi by various system (Dement and Kleitman 1957; Rechtschaffen and Kale 1968). noachter 1999 sleep stage noachter 1999 sleep stages noachter 1999 sleep stages: distinctive phases of sleep best demonstrated by polygraphic recordings of the eeg and other variables, including at least eye movements and activity of certain voluntary muscles. comment: classified by various systems (dement and kleitman 1957; rechtschaffen and kales 1968). Noachter_1999_Sleep_Stages ESSO:Noachter_1999_Slow_Activity Noachter_1999_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Slow Activity: Activiti of frequenc lower than alpha, i.e. theta and delta activities. noachter 1999 slow activ noachter 1999 slow activity noachter 1999 slow activity: activity of frequency lower than alpha, i.e. theta and delta activities. Noachter_1999_Slow_Activity ESSO:Noachter_1999_Slow_Alpha_Variant_Rhythms Noachter_1999_Slow_Alpha_Variant_Rhythms Noachter 1999 Slow Alpha Variant Rhythms: Characterist rhythm most at 4-5 Hz, record most promin over the posterior region of the head. Gener alternate, or are intermixed, with alpha rhythm to which they often are harmon related. Amplitud vari but is frequent close to 50 uV. Block or attenu by attention, especi visual, and mental effort. Comment: slow alpha variant rhythm should be distinguish from posterior slow wave characterist of children and adolesc and occasion seen in young adults. noachter 1999 slow alpha variant rhythm noachter 1999 slow alpha variant rhythms noachter 1999 slow alpha variant rhythms: characteristic rhythms mostly at 4-5 hz, recorded most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. generally alternate, or are intermixed, with alpha rhythm to which they often are harmonically related. amplitude varies but is frequently close to 50 uv. blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. comment: slow alpha variant rhythms should be distinguished from posterior slow waves characteristic of children and adolescents and occasionally seen in young adults. Noachter_1999_Slow_Alpha_Variant_Rhythms ESSO:Noachter_1999_Slow_Spike Noachter_1999_Slow_Spike noachter 1999 slow spike noachter 1999 slow spike: use of term discouraged. term suggested: sharp wave. Noachter_1999_Slow_Spike ESSO:Noachter_1999_Slow_Spike-and-Wave_Complex Noachter_1999_Slow_Spike-and-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Slow Spike and Wave Complex: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: sharp-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 slow spike and wave complex: use of term discouraged. term suggested: sharp-and-slow-wave complex. noachter 1999 slow spike-and- wave complex Noachter_1999_Slow_Spike-and-Wave_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Slow_Wave Noachter_1999_Slow_Wave Noachter 1999 Slow Wave: Wave with durat longer than alpha waves, i.e. over 1/8 s. noachter 1999 slow wave noachter 1999 slow wave: wave with duration longer than alpha waves, i.e. over 1/8 s. Noachter_1999_Slow_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Small_Sharp_Spikes Noachter_1999_Small_Sharp_Spikes Noachter 1999 Small Sharp Spikes: Abbreviation: SSS. Synonym for benign epileptiform transient of sleep (BETS) (prefer term). Noachter 1999 Benign epileptiform transient of sleep (BETS): Small sharp spike (SSS) of veri short durat and low amplitude, often follow by a small theta wave, occur in the tempor region dure drowsi and light sleep. This pattern is of littl clinic signific (see small sharp spikes). noachter 1999 small sharp spike noachter 1999 small sharp spikes noachter 1999 small sharp spikes: abbreviation: sss. synonym for benign epileptiform transients of sleep (bets) (preferred term). noachter 1999 benign epileptiform transient of sleep (bets): small sharp spikes (sss) of very short duration and low amplitude, often followed by a small theta wave, occurring in the temporal regions during drowsiness and light sleep. this pattern is of little clinical significance (see small sharp spikes). Noachter_1999_Small_Sharp_Spikes ESSO:Noachter_1999_Special_Electrode Noachter_1999_Special_Electrode Noachter 1999 Special Electrode: Ani electrod other than standard scalp electrod (see close space electrodes; ten-ten system). noachter 1999 special electrod noachter 1999 special electrode noachter 1999 special electrode: any electrode other than standard scalp electrode (see closely spaced electrodes; ten-ten system). Noachter_1999_Special_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sphenoidal_Electrode Noachter_1999_Sphenoidal_Electrode Noachter 1999 Sphenoid Electrode: Needl or wire electrod insert through the soft tissu of the face below the zygomat arch so that it tip lie near the base of the skull in the region of the foramen ovale. noachter 1999 sphenoid electrod noachter 1999 sphenoidal electrode noachter 1999 sphenoidal electrode: needle or wire electrode inserted through the soft tissues of the face below the zygomatic arch so that its tip lies near the base of the skull in the region of the foramen ovale. Noachter_1999_Sphenoidal_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Spike Noachter_1999_Spike Noachter 1999 Spike: A transient, clear distinguish from background activity, with point peak at a convent paper speed or time scale and a durat from 20 to under 70 ms, i.e. 1/50-1/15s, approximately. Main compon is general negat relat to other areas. Amplitud varies. Comments: (1) term should be restrict to epileptiform discharges. EEG spike should be differenti from sharp waves, i.e. transient have similar characterist but longer durations. However, it should be kept in mind that this distinct is larg arbitrari and primarili serv descript purposes. Generally, in ink-written EEG record taken at 3 cm/s, spike occupi 2 mm or less of paper width and sharp wave more than 2 mm. (2) EEG spike should be clear distinguish from the brief unit spike record from singl cell with microelectrod techniqu (see sharp wave). noachter 1999 spike noachter 1999 spike: a transient, clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale and a duration from 20 to under 70 ms, i.e. 1/50-1/15s, approximately. main component is generally negative relative to other areas. amplitude varies. comments: (1) term should be restricted to epileptiform discharges. eeg spikes should be differentiated from sharp waves, i.e. transients having similar characteristics but longer durations. however, it should be kept in mind that this distinction is largely arbitrary and primarily serves descriptive purposes. generally, in ink-written eeg records taken at 3 cm/s, spikes occupy 2 mm or less of paper width and sharp waves more than 2 mm. (2) eeg spikes should be clearly distinguished from the brief unit spikes recorded from single cells with microelectrode techniques (see sharp wave). Noachter_1999_Spike ESSO:Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Dome_Complex Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Dome_Complex Noachter 1999 Spike and Dome Complex: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: spike-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 spike and dome complex: use of term discouraged. term suggested: spike-and-slow-wave complex. noachter 1999 spike-and- dome complex Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Dome_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Spike and Slow Wave Complex: A pattern consist of a spike follow by a slow wave. Comment: hyphen facilit use of term in plural form: spike-and-slow-wav complexes. noachter 1999 spike and slow wave complex: a pattern consisting of a spike followed by a slow wave. comment: hyphenation facilitates use of term in plural form: spike-and-slow-wave complexes. noachter 1999 spike-and- slow- wave complex Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Spike and Slow Wave Rhythm: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested, whenev appropriate: 3 per second spike-and-slow-wav complex, atyp spike-and-slow wave complex, sharp-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 spike and slow wave rhythm: use of term discouraged. terms suggested, whenever appropriate: 3 per second spike-and-slow-wave complex, atypical spike-and-slow wave complex, sharp-and-slow-wave complex. noachter 1999 spike-and- slow- wave rhythm Noachter_1999_Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Spindle Noachter_1999_Spindle Noachter 1999 Spindle: Group of rhythmic wave character by a progress increasing, then gradual decreasing, amplitud (see sleep spindle). noachter 1999 spindl noachter 1999 spindle noachter 1999 spindle: group of rhythmic waves characterized by a progressively increasing, then gradually decreasing, amplitude (see sleep spindle). Noachter_1999_Spindle ESSO:Noachter_1999_Spread Noachter_1999_Spread Noachter 1999 Spread: Propag of EEG wave from one region of the scalp and/or brain to anoth (see generalization). noachter 1999 spread noachter 1999 spread: propagation of eeg waves from one region of the scalp and/or brain to another (see generalization). Noachter_1999_Spread ESSO:Noachter_1999_Standard_Electrode Noachter_1999_Standard_Electrode Noachter 1999 Standard Electrode: Convent scalp electrod (see disk electrode, needl electrode, pad electrode, special electrode). noachter 1999 standard electrod noachter 1999 standard electrode noachter 1999 standard electrode: conventional scalp electrode (see disk electrode, needle electrode, pad electrode, special electrode). Noachter_1999_Standard_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Standard_Electrode_Placement Noachter_1999_Standard_Electrode_Placement Noachter 1999 Standard Electrod Placement: Scalp electrod location(s) determin by the ten-twenti system (see ten-twenti system). noachter 1999 standard electrod placement noachter 1999 standard electrode placement noachter 1999 standard electrode placement: scalp electrode location(s) determined by the ten-twenty system (see ten-twenty system). Noachter_1999_Standard_Electrode_Placement ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stephenson-Gibbs_Reference Noachter_1999_Stephenson-Gibbs_Reference Noachter 1999 Stephenson-Gibb Reference: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: sterno-spin refer electrode. noachter 1999 stephenson- gibb refer noachter 1999 stephenson- gibbs reference noachter 1999 stephenson-gibbs reference: use of term discouraged. term suggested: sterno-spinal reference electrode. Noachter_1999_Stephenson-Gibbs_Reference ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stereotactic_Depth_Electroencephalogram_SEEG Noachter_1999_Stereotactic_Depth_Electroencephalogram_SEEG Noachter 1999 Stereotact Depth Electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrode?coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. tereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG. noachter 1999 stereotact depth electroencephalogram s e e g noachter 1999 stereotactic depth electroencephalogram s e e g noachter 1999 stereotactic depth electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode?coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. tereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg. Noachter_1999_Stereotactic_Depth_Electroencephalogram_SEEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stereotactic_Depth_Electroencephalography_SEEG Noachter_1999_Stereotactic_Depth_Electroencephalography_SEEG Noachter 1999 Depth electroencephalography: Techniqu of record depth electroencephalogram (see stereotact [stereotaxic] depth electroencephalography). Derivation: (1) The process of record from a pair of electrod in an EEG channel. (2) The EEG record obtain by this process. Stereotact Depth Electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrode?coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. tereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG. Stereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrod coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. Stereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG noachter 1999 depth electroencephalography: technique of recording depth electroencephalograms (see stereotactic [stereotaxic] depth electroencephalography). derivation: (1) the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an eeg channel. (2) the eeg record obtained by this process. stereotactic depth electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode?coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. tereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg. stereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. stereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg noachter 1999 stereotact depth electroencephalographi s e e g noachter 1999 stereotactic depth electroencephalography s e e g Noachter_1999_Stereotactic_Depth_Electroencephalography_SEEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stereotaxic_Depth_Electroencephalogram_SEEG Noachter_1999_Stereotaxic_Depth_Electroencephalogram_SEEG Noachter 1999 Stereotact Depth Electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrode?coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. tereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG. Stereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrod coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. Stereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG noachter 1999 stereotactic depth electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode?coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. tereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg. stereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. stereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg noachter 1999 stereotax depth electroencephalogram s e e g noachter 1999 stereotaxic depth electroencephalogram s e e g Noachter_1999_Stereotaxic_Depth_Electroencephalogram_SEEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stereotaxic_Depth_Electroencephalography_SEEG Noachter_1999_Stereotaxic_Depth_Electroencephalography_SEEG Noachter 1999 Stereotact Depth Electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrode?coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. tereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG. Stereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalogram: Abbreviation: SEEG. Intracerebr EEG record use electrod implant stereotactically, thus permit the calcul of electrod coordin that can be project on a stereotact brain atlas. The abbrevi SDEEG is also accept for stereotact depth electroencephalogram. Stereotact (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: Techniqu of record stereotact in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. Abbreviation: SEEG noachter 1999 stereotactic depth electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode?coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. tereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg. stereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalogram: abbreviation: seeg. intracerebral eeg recordings using electrodes implanted stereotactically, thus permitting the calculation of electrode coordinates that can be projected on a stereotactic brain atlas. the abbreviation sdeeg is also acceptable for stereotactic depth electroencephalogram. stereotactic (stereotaxic) electroencephalography: technique of recording stereotactic in (stereotaxic) electroencephalograms. abbreviation: seeg noachter 1999 stereotax depth electroencephalographi s e e g noachter 1999 stereotaxic depth electroencephalography s e e g Noachter_1999_Stereotaxic_Depth_Electroencephalography_SEEG ESSO:Noachter_1999_Sternospinal_Reference Noachter_1999_Sternospinal_Reference Noachter 1999 Sternospin Reference: A non-cephal refer achiev by interconnect two electrod place over the right sterno-clavicular junction and the spine of the seventh cervic vertebra, respectively, and balanc the voltag between them by mean of a potentiomet to reduc ECG artifact. noachter 1999 sternospin refer noachter 1999 sternospinal reference noachter 1999 sternospinal reference: a non-cephalic reference achieved by interconnecting two electrodes placed over the right sterno-clavicular junction and the spine of the seventh cervical vertebra, respectively, and balancing the voltage between them by means of a potentiometer to reduce ecg artifact. Noachter_1999_Sternospinal_Reference ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stickon_Electrode Noachter_1999_Stickon_Electrode noachter 1999 stickon electrod noachter 1999 stickon electrode noachter 1999 stickon electrode: colloquialism. use of term discouraged. term suggested: disk electrode. Noachter_1999_Stickon_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Stroboscope Noachter_1999_Stroboscope Noachter 1999 Stroboscop (use discouraged). Synonym: Photic Stimulator: Devic for deliv intermitt flash of light. noachter 1999 stroboscop noachter 1999 stroboscope noachter 1999 stroboscope (use discouraged). synonym: photic stimulator: device for delivering intermittent flashes of light. Noachter_1999_Stroboscope ESSO:Noachter_1999_Subclinical_Rhythmic_Discharges_of_Adults_SREDA Noachter_1999_Subclinical_Rhythmic_Discharges_of_Adults_SREDA Noachter 1999 Subclin Rhythmic Discharg of Adult SREDA: This is a rhythmic pattern seen in the adult age group which consist of a mixtur of frequencies, often predomin in the theta range. It may resembl a seizur discharg but is not accompani by ani clinic sign or symptoms. The signific of this pattern is uncertain, but it should be distinguish from an epilept seizur pattern. noachter 1999 subclin rhythmic discharg of adult s r e d a noachter 1999 subclinical rhythmic discharges of adults s r e d a noachter 1999 subclinical rhythmic discharges of adults sreda: this is a rhythmic pattern seen in the adult age group which consists of a mixture of frequencies, often predominant in the theta range. it may resemble a seizure discharge but is not accompanied by any clinical signs or symptoms. the significance of this pattern is uncertain, but it should be distinguished from an epileptic seizure pattern. Noachter_1999_Subclinical_Rhythmic_Discharges_of_Adults_SREDA ESSO:Noachter_1999_Subdural_Electrode Noachter_1999_Subdural_Electrode Noachter 1999 Subdur Electrode: Electrod insert under the dural cover of the cerebrum. noachter 1999 subdur electrod noachter 1999 subdural electrode noachter 1999 subdural electrode: electrode inserted under the dural covering of the cerebrum. Noachter_1999_Subdural_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Suppression Noachter_1999_Suppression Noachter 1999 Suppression: EEG record show activ below 10 /uV (refer derivation) are term background suppress (see burst suppress pattern). noachter 1999 suppress noachter 1999 suppression noachter 1999 suppression: eeg records showing activity below 10 /uv (reference derivation) are termed background suppression (see burst suppression pattern). Noachter_1999_Suppression ESSO:Noachter_1999_Symmetry Noachter_1999_Symmetry Noachter 1999 Symmetry: (1) Approxim equal amplitude, frequenc and form of EEG activ over homolog area on opposit side of the head. (2) Approxim equal distribut of potenti of unlik polar on either side of a zero isopotenti axi (see phase reversal). (3) Approxim equal distribut of EEG wave about the baseline. noachter 1999 symmetri noachter 1999 symmetry noachter 1999 symmetry: (1) approximately equal amplitude, frequency and form of eeg activities over homologous areas on opposite sides of the head. (2) approximately equal distribution of potentials of unlike polarity on either side of a zero isopotential axis (see phase reversal). (3) approximately equal distribution of eeg waves about the baseline. Noachter_1999_Symmetry ESSO:Noachter_1999_Synchronous Noachter_1999_Synchronous Noachter 1999 Synchronous: Occur at the same time. Synonym: simultaneous. noachter 1999 synchron noachter 1999 synchronous noachter 1999 synchronous: occurring at the same time. synonym: simultaneous. Noachter_1999_Synchronous ESSO:Noachter_1999_Synchrony Noachter_1999_Synchrony Noachter 1999 Synchrony: The simultan occurr of EEG wave over region on the same or opposit side of the head. Comment: term simultan onli impli a lack of delay that is measur with ink writer at customari paper speed or with standard comput display. noachter 1999 synchroni noachter 1999 synchrony noachter 1999 synchrony: the simultaneous occurrence of eeg waves over regions on the same or opposite sides of the head. comment: term simultaneous only implies a lack of delay that is measurable with ink writers at customary paper speeds or with standard computer display. Noachter_1999_Synchrony ESSO:Noachter_1999_Temporally_Independent Noachter_1999_Temporally_Independent Independ (temporally): Synonym: asynchronous. independent (temporally): synonym: asynchronous. noachter 1999 tempor independ noachter 1999 temporally independent Noachter_1999_Temporally_Independent ESSO:Noachter_1999_Ten-Ten_System Noachter_1999_Ten-Ten_System Noachter 1999 Ten-Ten System: System of standard scalp electrod placement. Accord to this system, addit scalp electrod are place at half distanc between the standard electrod of the ten-twenti system (see ten-twenti system, close space electrodes). Comment: use of additional, supplementari scalp electrod is indic for instanc dure epilepsi monitor to better local epileptiform discharges. noachter 1999 ten- ten system noachter 1999 ten-ten system: system of standardized scalp electrode placement. according to this system, additional scalp electrodes are placed at half distance between the standard electrodes of the ten-twenty system (see ten-twenty system, closely spaced electrodes). comment: use of additional, supplementary scalp electrodes is indicated for instance during epilepsy monitoring to better localize epileptiform discharges. Noachter_1999_Ten-Ten_System ESSO:Noachter_1999_Ten-Twenty_System Noachter_1999_Ten-Twenty_System Noachter 1999 Ten-Twenti System: System of standard scalp electrod placement recommend by the Internat Feder of Societi for Electroencephalographi and Clinic Neurophysiology. Accord to this system, the placement of electrod is determin by measur the head from extern landmark and take 10 or 20% of these measurements. Comment: the use of addit scalp electrodes, such as anterior tempor electrodes, is indic in various circumst (epilepsi monitoring). noachter 1999 ten- twenti system noachter 1999 ten- twenty system noachter 1999 ten-twenty system: system of standardized scalp electrode placement recommended by the international federation of societies for electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology. according to this system, the placements of electrodes is determined by measuring the head from external landmarks and taking 10 or 20% of these measurements. comment: the use of additional scalp electrodes, such as anterior temporal electrodes, is indicated in various circumstances (epilepsy monitoring). Noachter_1999_Ten-Twenty_System ESSO:Noachter_1999_Theta_Band Noachter_1999_Theta_Band Noachter 1999 Theta Band: Frequenc band from 4 to under 8 Hz. Greek letter: <theta>. noachter 1999 theta band noachter 1999 theta band: frequency band from 4 to under 8 hz. greek letter: <theta>. Noachter_1999_Theta_Band ESSO:Noachter_1999_Theta_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Theta_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Theta Rhythm: Rhythm with a frequenc of 4 to under 8 Hz. noachter 1999 theta rhythm noachter 1999 theta rhythm: rhythm with a frequency of 4 to under 8 hz. Noachter_1999_Theta_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Theta_Wave Noachter_1999_Theta_Wave Noachter 1999 Theta Wave: Wave with durat of 1/4 to over 1/8 s. noachter 1999 theta wave noachter 1999 theta wave: wave with duration of 1/4 to over 1/8 s. Noachter_1999_Theta_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Three_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex Noachter_1999_Three_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex Noachter 1999 Three Hz Spike-Slow-Wave-Complex: See 3 per second spike-and-slow-wav complex. noachter 1999 three hz spike-and- slow- wave- complex noachter 1999 three hz spike-slow-wave-complex: see 3 per second spike-and-slow-wave complex. Noachter_1999_Three_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Three_per_Second_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex Noachter_1999_Three_per_Second_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex Noachter 1999 Three per Second-Spik and Slow Wave Complex: Characterist paroxysm consist of a regular sequenc of spike-and-slow-wav complex which: (1) repeat at 33.5 c/s (measur dure the first few second of the paroxysm), (2) are bilater in their onset and termination, generalized, and usual of maxim amplitud over the frontal areas, (3) are approxim synchron and symmetr on the two side of the head throughout the paroxysm. Amplitud vari but can reach valu of 1000 uV (1 mV) (see atyp spike-and-slow-wav complex). noachter 1999 three per second spike-and- slow- wave- complex noachter 1999 three per second-spike and slow wave complex: characteristic paroxysm consisting of a regular sequence of spike-and-slow-wave complexes which: (1) repeat at 33.5 c/s (measured during the first few seconds of the paroxysm), (2) are bilateral in their onset and termination, generalized, and usually of maximal amplitude over the frontal areas, (3) are approximately synchronous and symmetrical on the two sides of the head throughout the paroxysm. amplitude varies but can reach values of 1000 uv (1 mv) (see atypical spike-and-slow-wave complex). Noachter_1999_Three_per_Second_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex ESSO:Noachter_1999_Topography Noachter_1999_Topography Noachter 1999 Topography: Spatial distribut of EEG featur (voltag fields, spectra, etc.) over the scalp or cerebr cortex. noachter 1999 topographi noachter 1999 topography noachter 1999 topography: spatial distribution of eeg features (voltage fields, spectra, etc.) over the scalp or cerebral cortex. Noachter_1999_Topography ESSO:Noachter_1999_Trace_Alternant Noachter_1999_Trace_Alternant Noachter 1999 Trace Alternant: A discontinu pattern of non-REM (quiet) sleep seen in preterm infant of 34 week concept age or older which can persist up to 3-4 week after birth in full term infants. The pattern is character by burst of predomin slow wave (1-3 Hz, 50-100 uV) appear approxim everi 4-5 s, and interven period of low voltag activ of (<50 uV) 4-7 Hz. noachter 1999 trace altern noachter 1999 trace alternant noachter 1999 trace alternant: a discontinuous pattern of non-rem (quiet) sleep seen in preterm infants of 34 weeks conceptional age or older which can persist up to 3-4 weeks after birth in full term infants. the pattern is characterized by bursts of predominantly slow waves (1-3 hz, 50-100 uv) appearing approximately every 4-5 s, and intervening periods of low voltage activity of (<50 uv) 4-7 hz. Noachter_1999_Trace_Alternant ESSO:Noachter_1999_Trace_Continu Noachter_1999_Trace_Continu Noachter 1999 Trace Continue: Continu activity, replac a previous mark intermitt record dure evolut of EEG in preterm infants. noachter 1999 trace continu noachter 1999 trace continue: continuous activity, replacing a previously markedly intermittent record during evolution of eeg in preterm infants. Noachter_1999_Trace_Continu ESSO:Noachter_1999_Trace_Discontinue Noachter_1999_Trace_Discontinue Noachter 1999 Trace Discontinue: Pattern of preterm infant below 34 week of concept age (CA) character by mix frequenc high voltag burst separ by period of a veri low voltag background. noachter 1999 trace discontinu noachter 1999 trace discontinue noachter 1999 trace discontinue: pattern of preterm infants below 34 weeks of conceptional age (ca) characterized by mixed frequency high voltage bursts separated by periods of a very low voltage background. Noachter_1999_Trace_Discontinue ESSO:Noachter_1999_Tracing Noachter_1999_Tracing noachter 1999 trace noachter 1999 tracing noachter 1999 tracing: synonyms: record, recording. Noachter_1999_Tracing ESSO:Noachter_1999_Transverse_Bipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Transverse_Bipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Transvers Bipolar Montage: Synonym: coron bipolar montage. noachter 1999 transvers bipolar montag noachter 1999 transverse bipolar montage noachter 1999 transverse bipolar montage: synonym: coronal bipolar montage. Noachter_1999_Transverse_Bipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Triangular_Bipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Triangular_Bipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Triangular Bipolar Montage: A montag consist of deriv from pair of electrod in a group of 3 electrod arrang in a triangular pattern. Use of this montag is discouraged, becaus fals later may occur. noachter 1999 triangular bipolar montag noachter 1999 triangular bipolar montage noachter 1999 triangular bipolar montage: a montage consisting of derivations from pairs of electrodes in a group of 3 electrodes arranged in a triangular pattern. use of this montage is discouraged, because false lateralization may occur. Noachter_1999_Triangular_Bipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Triphasic_Wave Noachter_1999_Triphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Triphas Wave: High-amplitud (over 70 uV) posit sharp transients, which are preced and follow by relat low-amplitud negat waves. The first negat wave general has a lower amplitud than the negat afterwave. The distribut is generalized, and frequent the largest deflect in a bipolar fronto-occipit deriv occur at the frontal electrodes. Triphas wave tend to have a repetit rate of ca. 1-2 Hz. noachter 1999 triphas wave noachter 1999 triphasic wave noachter 1999 triphasic wave: high-amplitude (over 70 uv) positive sharp transients, which are preceded and followed by relatively low-amplitude negative waves. the first negative wave generally has a lower amplitude than the negative afterwave. the distribution is generalized, and frequently the largest deflections in a bipolar fronto-occipital derivation occur at the frontal electrodes. triphasic waves tend to have a repetition rate of ca. 1-2 hz. Noachter_1999_Triphasic_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Unilateral Noachter_1999_Unilateral Noachter 1999 Unilateral: Confin to one side of the head. Comments: (1) unilater EEG activ may be region or later to one hemisphere. (2) They are said to be later to the right or left side of the head. noachter 1999 unilater noachter 1999 unilateral noachter 1999 unilateral: confined to one side of the head. comments: (1) unilateral eeg activities may be regional or lateralized to one hemisphere. (2) they are said to be lateralized to the right or left side of the head. Noachter_1999_Unilateral ESSO:Noachter_1999_Unipolar Noachter_1999_Unipolar Noachter 1999 Unipolar: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: referential. Noachter 1999 Referenti Derivation: Record from a pair of electrod consist of an explor electrod general connect to the input termin 1 and a refer electrod usual connect to the input termin 2 of an EEG amplifi (see refer electrode, referenti montage, common refer montage) Noachter 1999 Referenti Montage: A montag consist of referenti derivations. Comment: a referenti montag in which the refer electrod is common to multipl deriv is refer to as a common refer montag (see referenti derivation). noachter 1999 unipolar noachter 1999 unipolar: use of term discouraged. term suggested: referential. noachter 1999 referential derivation: recording from a pair of electrodes consisting of an exploring electrode generally connected to the input terminal 1 and a reference electrode usually connected to the input terminal 2 of an eeg amplifier (see reference electrode, referential montage, common reference montage) noachter 1999 referential montage: a montage consisting of referential derivations. comment: a referential montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations is referred to as a common reference montage (see referential derivation). Noachter_1999_Unipolar ESSO:Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Depth_Electrode Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Depth_Electrode Noachter 1999 Unipolar Depth Electrode: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: single-electrod lead. noachter 1999 unipolar depth electrod noachter 1999 unipolar depth electrode noachter 1999 unipolar depth electrode: use of term discouraged. term suggested: single-electrode lead. Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Depth_Electrode ESSO:Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Derivation Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Derivation Noachter 1999 Unipolar Derivation: Use of term discourag (see referenti derivation). noachter 1999 unipolar deriv noachter 1999 unipolar derivation noachter 1999 unipolar derivation: use of term discouraged (see referential derivation). Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Derivation ESSO:Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Montage Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Montage Noachter 1999 Unipolar Montage: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: referenti montage. noachter 1999 unipolar montag noachter 1999 unipolar montage noachter 1999 unipolar montage: use of term discouraged. term suggested: referential montage. Noachter_1999_Unipolar_Montage ESSO:Noachter_1999_V_Wave Noachter_1999_V_Wave Noachter 1999 V Wave: Abbreviat for vertex sharp transient. noachter 1999 v wave noachter 1999 v wave: abbreviation for vertex sharp transient. Noachter_1999_V_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Vertex_Sharp_Transient Noachter_1999_Vertex_Sharp_Transient Noachter 1999 Vertex Sharp Transient: Sharp potential, maxim at the vertex, negat relat to other areas, appar occur spontan dure sleep or in respons to a sensori stimulus dure sleep or wakefulness. May be singl or repetitive. Amplitud vari but rare exceed 250 uV . Abbreviation: V wave (see K complex). noachter 1999 vertex sharp transient noachter 1999 vertex sharp transient: sharp potential, maximal at the vertex, negative relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep or in response to a sensory stimulus during sleep or wakefulness. may be single or repetitive. amplitude varies but rarely exceeds 250 uv . abbreviation: v wave (see k complex). Noachter_1999_Vertex_Sharp_Transient ESSO:Noachter_1999_Vertex_Sharp_Wave Noachter_1999_Vertex_Sharp_Wave Noachter 1999 Vertex Sharp Wave: Use of term discourag when describ physiolog vertex sharp transient. noachter 1999 vertex sharp wave noachter 1999 vertex sharp wave: use of term discouraged when describing physiologic vertex sharp transient. Noachter_1999_Vertex_Sharp_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Voltage Noachter_1999_Voltage Noachter 1999 Voltage: Deriv by multipli trace amplitud time display or pen output sensit (see amplitude). noachter 1999 voltag noachter 1999 voltage noachter 1999 voltage: derived by multiplying trace amplitude times display or pen output sensitivity (see amplitude). Noachter_1999_Voltage ESSO:Noachter_1999_Volume_Conduction Noachter_1999_Volume_Conduction Noachter 1999 Volum Conduction: Through the process of volum conduction, electr activ origin from a generat and spread through a conduct medium to be pick up by a distant record electrode. Volum conduct is passiv and is pick up synchron at all record electrod at the speed of light. noachter 1999 volum conduct noachter 1999 volume conduction noachter 1999 volume conduction: through the process of volume conduction, electrical activity originates from a generator and spreads through a conductive medium to be picked up by a distant recording electrode. volume conduction is passive and is picked up synchronously at all recording electrodes at the speed of light. Noachter_1999_Volume_Conduction ESSO:Noachter_1999_Wave Noachter_1999_Wave Noachter 1999 Wave: Ani chang of the potenti differ between pair of electrod in EEG recording. May aris in the brain (EEG wave) or outsid it (extracerebr potential). noachter 1999 wave noachter 1999 wave: any change of the potential difference between pairs of electrodes in eeg recording. may arise in the brain (eeg wave) or outside it (extracerebral potential). Noachter_1999_Wave ESSO:Noachter_1999_Wave_Form Noachter_1999_Wave_Form Noachter 1999 Wave Form: The shape of an EEG wave. noachter 1999 wave form noachter 1999 wave form: the shape of an eeg wave. Noachter_1999_Wave_Form ESSO:Noachter_1999_Waveform Noachter_1999_Waveform Noachter 1999 Waveform: The shape of an EEG wave. noachter 1999 waveform noachter 1999 waveform: the shape of an eeg wave. Noachter_1999_Waveform ESSO:Noachter_1999_White_Lead Noachter_1999_White_Lead Noachter 1999 White Lead: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: input termin 2. noachter 1999 white lead noachter 1999 white lead: use of term discouraged. term suggested: input terminal 2. Noachter_1999_White_Lead ESSO:Noachter_1999_Wicket_Rhythm Noachter_1999_Wicket_Rhythm noachter 1999 wicket rhythm noachter 1999 wicket rhythm: use of term discouraged. term suggested: mu rhythm. Noachter_1999_Wicket_Rhythm ESSO:Noachter_1999_Wicket_Spikes Noachter_1999_Wicket_Spikes Noachter 1999 Wicket Spikes: Spike-lik monophas negat singl wave or train of wave occur over the tempor region dure drowsi that have an arcuat or mu-lik appearance. These are main seen in older individu and repres a benign variant that is of littl clinic significance. noachter 1999 wicket spike noachter 1999 wicket spikes noachter 1999 wicket spikes: spike-like monophasic negative single waves or trains of waves occurring over the temporal regions during drowsiness that have an arcuate or mu-like appearance. these are mainly seen in older individuals and represent a benign variant that is of little clinical significance. Noachter_1999_Wicket_Spikes ESSO:Noachter_1999_Writer Noachter_1999_Writer Noachter 1999 Writer: System for direct write-out of the output of an EEG channel. Most writer use ink deliv by a pen. In certain instruments, the ink is spray as in a jet stream. In other record the pen writer use carbon paper instead of ink. Laser printer are also use in digit EEG. noachter 1999 writer noachter 1999 writer: system for direct write-out of the output of an eeg channel. most writers use ink delivered by a pen. in certain instruments, the ink is sprayed as in a jet stream. in other recorders the pen writer uses carbon paper instead of ink. laser printers are also used in digital eeg. Noachter_1999_Writer ESSO:Noachter_1999_Zero_Potential_Reference_Electrode Noachter_1999_Zero_Potential_Reference_Electrode Noachter 1999 Zero Potenti Refer Electrode: Use of term discouraged. Term suggested: refer electrod (not a synonym.) noachter 1999 zero potenti refer electrod noachter 1999 zero potential reference electrode noachter 1999 zero potential reference electrode: use of term discouraged. term suggested: reference electrode (not a synonym.) Noachter_1999_Zero_Potential_Reference_Electrode ESSO:Nods Nods nods Nods ESSO:Noise Noise nois noise Noise ESSO:Non-Dominant_Hemisphere Non-Dominant_Hemisphere non- domin hemispher non- dominant hemisphere Non-Dominant_Hemisphere ESSO:Non-Epileptic_Event Non-Epileptic_Event non- epilept event non- epileptic event Non-Epileptic_Event ESSO:Non-Lateralizing_Phenomenon Non-Lateralizing_Phenomenon Blume 2001 Non-Later Phenomenon: Impair cognition, amnesia, psychosis. blume 2001 non-lateralizing phenomenon: impaired cognition, amnesia, psychosis. non- later phenomenon non- lateralizing phenomenon Non-Lateralizing_Phenomenon ESSO:Non-REM_Sleep Non-REM_Sleep Noachter 1999 Non-REM Sleep: Term summar all sleep stage except REM-sleep (see quiet sleep). noachter 1999 non-rem sleep: term summarizing all sleep stages except rem-sleep (see quiet sleep). non- r e m sleep Non-REM_Sleep ESSO:Non-Responsive_to_External_Stimuli Non-Responsive_to_External_Stimuli non- respons to extern stimuli non- responsive to external stimuli Non-Responsive_to_External_Stimuli ESSO:Nonketotic_Hyperglycemia Nonketotic_Hyperglycemia ILAE 1989 Metabol error in the neonat includ nonketot hyperglycinemia and D-glycericacidemia, show earli myoclon encephalopathi with errat myoclonus, partial seizures, and suppression-burst EEG patterns. ilae 1989 metabolism errors in the neonate include nonketotic hyperglycinemia and d-glycericacidemia, showing early myoclonic encephalopathy with erratic myoclonus, partial seizures, and suppression-burst eeg patterns. nonketot hyperglycemia nonketotic hyperglycemia Nonketotic_Hyperglycemia ESSO:Nonsensory_Factor Nonsensory_Factor Bancaud 1981 Attack provok by nonsensori factor (fatigue, alcohol, emotion, etc.) Blume 2001 Reactive: Occur in associ with transient system perturb such as intercurr illness, sleep loss, or emot stress. bancaud 1981 attacks provoked by nonsensory factors (fatigue, alcohol, emotion, etc.) blume 2001 reactive: occurring in association with transient systemic perturbation such as intercurrent illness, sleep loss, or emotional stress. nonsensori factor nonsensory factor Nonsensory_Factor ESSO:Normal_Burst_Type Normal_Burst_Type normal burst type Normal_Burst_Type ESSO:Normal_Development Normal_Development normal develop normal development not declin in (academ performance, etc) not declined in (academic performance, etc) Normal_Development ESSO:Normal_Pattern Normal_Pattern normal pattern Normal_Pattern ESSO:Normal_Wave_Forms Normal_Wave_Forms normal wave form normal wave forms Normal_Wave_Forms ESSO:Northern_Epilepsy_Syndrome Northern_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2001 Northern epilepsi syndrom d0000698 engel 2001 northern epilepsy syndrome northern epilepsi syndrom northern epilepsy syndrome Northern_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Not Not This is a place holder that negat all inform that is relat to epilpsi and seizur topics. E.g. this is a place holder that negates all information that is related to epilpsy and seizure topics. e.g. Not ESSO:Object_Distortion Object_Distortion object distort object distortion Object_Distortion ESSO:Object_Spatial_Inclinatoin Object_Spatial_Inclinatoin object spatial inclinatoin Object_Spatial_Inclinatoin ESSO:Observation Observation observ observation Observation ESSO:Occipital_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_OIRDA Occipital_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_OIRDA Noachter 1999 Occipit Intermitt Delta Activiti OIRDA: Fair regular or approxim sinusoid waves, most occur in burst at 2-3 Hz over the occipit area of one or both side of the head. noachter 1999 occipital intermittent delta activity oirda: fairly regular or approximately sinusoidal waves, mostly occurring in bursts at 2-3 hz over the occipital areas of one or both sides of the head. occipit intermitt rhythmic delta activ o i r d a occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity o i r d a Occipital_Intermittent_Rhythmic_Delta_Activity_OIRDA ESSO:Occular_Movement Occular_Movement occular movement Occular_Movement ESSO:Occular_Oscillation Occular_Oscillation occular oscil occular oscillation Occular_Oscillation ESSO:Occurrence_EEG_Complex Occurrence_EEG_Complex ILAE 1989 Chronic Blume 2001 Incidence: Noun: Refer to the number of epilept seizur within a time period or the number of seizur day per unit of time. ilae 1989 chronicity blume 2001 incidence: noun: refers to the number of epileptic seizures within a time period or the number of seizure days per unit of time. occurr e e g complex occurrence e e g complex Occurrence_EEG_Complex ESSO:Occurrence_Or_Seizure_Incident Occurrence_Or_Seizure_Incident Blume 2001 Incidence: Noun: Refer to the number of epilept seizur within a time period or the number of seizur day per unit of time. blume 2001 incidence: noun: refers to the number of epileptic seizures within a time period or the number of seizure days per unit of time. occurr or seizur incid occurrence or seizure incident Occurrence_Or_Seizure_Incident ESSO:Occurrence_or_Frequency_of_Seizure Occurrence_or_Frequency_of_Seizure occurr or frequenc of seizur occurrence or frequency of seizure Occurrence_or_Frequency_of_Seizure ESSO:Oculoclonic_Deviation Oculoclonic_Deviation oculoclon deviat oculoclonic deviation Oculoclonic_Deviation ESSO:Oculogyric_Deviation Oculogyric_Deviation oculogyr deviat oculogyric deviation Oculogyric_Deviation ESSO:Odor Odor Blume 2001 Olfactory: Odor, usual disagreeable. blume 2001 olfactory: odor, usually disagreeable. odor Odor ESSO:Olfactory_Illusion Olfactory_Illusion olfactori illus olfactory illusion Olfactory_Illusion ESSO:Olfactory_Sensation Olfactory_Sensation Bancaud 1981 Olfactori Symptom Blume 2001 Olfactory: Odor, usual disagreeable. bancaud 1981 olfactory symptom blume 2001 olfactory: odor, usually disagreeable. olfactori sensat olfactory sensation Olfactory_Sensation ESSO:Olfactory_Sensation_Abnormal Olfactory_Sensation_Abnormal olfactori sensat abnorm olfactory sensation abnormal Olfactory_Sensation_Abnormal ESSO:Olfactory_Sensation_Normal Olfactory_Sensation_Normal Not a semiolog not a semiology olfactori sensat normal olfactory sensation normal Olfactory_Sensation_Normal ESSO:Oligoepilepsy Oligoepilepsy Engel 2001 Oligoepilepsi Fischer 2014 Therefore, epilepsi could be consid present if an unprovok seizur occur at age 1 and at age 80, a condit sometim refer to as oligoepilepsy. engel 2001 oligoepilepsy fischer 2014 therefore, epilepsy could be considered present if an unprovoked seizure occurred at age 1 and at age 80, a condition sometimes referred to as oligoepilepsy. oligoepilepsi oligoepilepsy Oligoepilepsy ESSO:Once_A_Day Once_A_Day onc a day once a day Once_A_Day ESSO:Once_A_Month Once_A_Month onc a month once a month Once_A_Month ESSO:Once_a_Week Once_a_Week onc a week once a week Once_a_Week ESSO:Once_a_Year Once_a_Year onc a year once a year Once_a_Year ESSO:Onset Onset onset Onset ESSO:Open_Eyes Open_Eyes Bancaud 1981 Eye are open bancaud 1981 eyes are open open eye open eyes Open_Eyes ESSO:Opercular_Region Opercular_Region opercular region Opercular_Region ESSO:Opercular_Seizure Opercular_Seizure ILAE 1989 Opercular. Opercular seizur characterist includ mastication, salivation, swallowing, laryng symptoms, speech arrest, epigastr aura, fear, and autonom phenomena. Simpl partial seizures, particular partial clonic facial seizures, are common and may be ipsilateral. If secondari sensori chang occur, numb may be a symptom, particular in the hands. Gustatori hallucin are particular common in this area. ilae 1989 opercular. opercular seizure characteristics include mastication, salivation, swallowing, laryngeal symptoms, speech arrest, epigastric aura, fear, and autonomic phenomena. simple partial seizures, particularly partial clonic facial seizures, are common and may be ipsilateral. if secondary sensory changes occur, numbness may be a symptom, particularly in the hands. gustatory hallucinations are particularly common in this area. opercular seizur opercular seizure Opercular_Seizure ESSO:Opsoclonus-Myoclonus_Syndrome Opsoclonus-Myoclonus_Syndrome opsoclonus- myoclonus syndrom opsoclonus- myoclonus syndrome Opsoclonus-Myoclonus_Syndrome ESSO:Opsoclonus-Myooclonus-Ataxia_OMA Opsoclonus-Myooclonus-Ataxia_OMA opsoclonus- myooclonus- ataxia o m a Opsoclonus-Myooclonus-Ataxia_OMA ESSO:Oral_Corticosteroid Oral_Corticosteroid oral corticosteroid Oral_Corticosteroid ESSO:Orbital_Gyrus Orbital_Gyrus The specif function of the orbit gyri is not well-understood. Structures: Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Gyrus Rectus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Sulcus Later Fissur Limbic Area Middl Frontal Gyrus Motor Speech (Broca’s) Area Olfactori Sulcus Olfactori Tract Orbital Gyri Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Orbitali (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G) Precentr Gyrus Precentr Sulcus Prefront Area Premotor Area Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Frontal Sulcus Triangular Sulcus Information: The frontal lobe occupi the anterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the frontal pole posterior to the central sulcus and is bound inferior by the later fissure. On the medial surfac it extend posterior to an imaginari line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. Sulci and Gyri: The superolater surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direct and the precentr gyrus which extend vertic downwards. The superior and inferior frontal gyri are separ by the superior frontal sulcus and the middl and inferior gyri are separ by the inferior frontal sulcus. The precentr sulcus separ the precentr gyrus from the frontal gyri. The inferior frontal gyrus is divid from anterior to posterior into the par orbitalis, par triangulari and par operculari by the triangular sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus extend onto the medial surfac as far as the cingul gyrus, the anterior part of which is also includ in the frontal lobe. The inferior surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the orbit gyri, which overli the boni roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). The orbit gyri and gyrus rectus are separ by the olfactori sulcus, which contain the olfactori tract. Function Areas: The frontal lobe includ a number of import function areas: (1) Primari motor area - locat on the precentr gyrus. (2) Premotor area - locat on the anterior part of the precentr gyrus and the adjac part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. (3) Prefront area - which includ the remaind of the superior and middl frontal gyri, the orbit part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbit gyri. (4) Motor Speech (Broca's) Area - locat on the triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) Limbic Area - locat on the cingul gyrus. orbit gyrus orbital gyrus the specific function of the orbital gyri is not well-understood. structures: central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum gyrus rectus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal sulcus lateral fissure limbic area middle frontal gyrus motor speech (broca’s) area olfactory sulcus olfactory tract orbital gyri pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars orbitalis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g) precentral gyrus precentral sulcus prefrontal area premotor area primary motor area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal sulcus triangular sulcus information: the frontal lobe occupies the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the frontal pole posteriorly to the central sulcus and is bounded inferiorly by the lateral fissure. on the medial surface it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. sulci and gyri: the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direction and the precentral gyrus which extends vertically downwards. the superior and inferior frontal gyri are separated by the superior frontal sulcus and the middle and inferior gyri are separated by the inferior frontal sulcus. the precentral sulcus separates the precentral gyrus from the frontal gyri. the inferior frontal gyrus is divided from anterior to posterior into the pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis by the triangular sulcus. the superior frontal gyrus extends onto the medial surface as far as the cingulate gyrus, the anterior part of which is also included in the frontal lobe. the inferior surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the orbital gyri, which overlie the bony roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). the orbital gyri and gyrus rectus are separated by the olfactory sulcus, which contains the olfactory tract. functional areas: the frontal lobe includes a number of important functional areas: (1) primary motor area - located on the precentral gyrus. (2) premotor area - located on the anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the adjacent parts of the superior and middle frontal gyri. (3) prefrontal area - which includes the remainder of the superior and middle frontal gyri, the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital gyri. (4) motor speech (broca's) area - located on the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) limbic area - located on the cingulate gyrus. Orbital_Gyrus ESSO:Orbitofrontal_Region Orbitofrontal_Region orbitofront region orbitofrontal region Orbitofrontal_Region ESSO:Orbitofrontal_Seizure Orbitofrontal_Seizure ILAE 1989 Orbitofrontal. The orbitofront seizur pattern is one of complex partial seizur with initi motor and gestur automatisms, olfactori hallucin and illusions, and autonom signs. ilae 1989 orbitofrontal. the orbitofrontal seizure pattern is one of complex partial seizures with initial motor and gestural automatisms, olfactory hallucinations and illusions, and autonomic signs. orbitofront seizur orbitofrontal seizure Orbitofrontal_Seizure ESSO:Order_of_Seizure_Sequence Order_of_Seizure_Sequence Luder 1998 Most seizur consist of symptom that evolv as the seizur discharg spread to involv new cortic areas. In the semiolog classif of seizures, this evolut is indic by consid each one of the seizur describ abov as one compon of a seizure. Ani given seizur consist of one or more of these components, which are list in order of appear and are link by arrows. Example: Left visual aura --> left hand clonic seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Left visual aura --> bilater asymmetr tonic seizur --> left arm clonic seizur Abdomin aura --> left hemispher automotor seizur Olfactori aura --> automotor seizur --> left versiv seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Gener myoclon seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Typic dialept seizur --> general tonic-clon seizur Typically, we limit the number of seizur compon to four for practic purposes. luders 1998 most seizures consist of symptoms that evolve as the seizure discharge spreads to involve new cortical areas. in the semiological classification of seizures, this evolution is indicated by considering each one of the seizures described above as one component of a seizure. any given seizure consists of one or more of these components, which are listed in order of appearance and are linked by arrows. example: left visual aura --> left hand clonic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure left visual aura --> bilateral asymmetric tonic seizure --> left arm clonic seizure abdominal aura --> left hemispheric automotor seizure olfactory aura --> automotor seizure --> left versive seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure generalized myoclonic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure typical dialeptic seizure --> generalized tonic-clonic seizure typically, we limit the number of seizure components to four for practical purposes. order of seizur sequenc order of seizure sequence Order_of_Seizure_Sequence ESSO:Order_of_Semiology Order_of_Semiology order of semiolog order of semiology Order_of_Semiology ESSO:Orientation Orientation orient orientation Orientation ESSO:Oroalimentary_Automotor_Seizure Oroalimentary_Automotor_Seizure blume 2001 oroalimentary: lip smacking, lip pursing, chewing, licking, tooth grinding, or swallowing. oroalimentari automotor seizur oroalimentary automotor seizure Oroalimentary_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Oroalimentary_Automotor_Status Oroalimentary_Automotor_Status oroalimentari automotor status oroalimentary automotor status Oroalimentary_Automotor_Status ESSO:Other_Activation_Procedure Other_Activation_Procedure other activ procedur other activation procedure Other_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Other_Cerebral_Malformations Other_Cerebral_Malformations Engel 2001 Other cerebr malform engel 2001 other cerebral malformations other cerebr malform other cerebral malformations Other_Cerebral_Malformations ESSO:Other_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies Other_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies d0000709 other famili tempor lobe epilepsi other familial temporal lobe epilepsies Other_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsies ESSO:Other_Generalized_Idiopathic_Epilepsies_Not_Defined Other_Generalized_Idiopathic_Epilepsies_Not_Defined other general idiopath epilepsi not defin other generalized idiopathic epilepsies not defined Other_Generalized_Idiopathic_Epilepsies_Not_Defined ESSO:PCDH19_Gene PCDH19_Gene p c d h19 gene PCDH19_Gene ESSO:PIGA_Gene PIGA_Gene p i g a gene PIGA_Gene ESSO:PLCB1_Gene PLCB1_Gene p l c b1 gene PLCB1_Gene ESSO:PNKP_Gene PNKP_Gene p n k p gene PNKP_Gene ESSO:Pale Pale bancaud 1981 pale pale Pale ESSO:Pallilalia Pallilalia Bancaud 1981 Pallilalia: involuntari repeit of a syllabl or phrase bancaud 1981 pallilalia: involuntary repeition of a syllable or phrase pallilalia Pallilalia ESSO:Pallor Pallor bancaud 1981 pallor pallor Pallor ESSO:Palpebral_Jerks Palpebral_Jerks palpebr jerk palpebral jerks Palpebral_Jerks ESSO:Palpitations Palpitations Bancaud 1981 Palpit bancaud 1981 palpitation palpit palpitations Palpitations ESSO:Panic Panic panic Panic ESSO:Panormic_Vision Panormic_Vision Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi (panoram vision) bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience (panoramic vision) panorm vision panormic vision Panormic_Vision ESSO:Panyiotopolous_Syndrome Panyiotopolous_Syndrome d0000711 panyiotopol syndrom panyiotopolous syndrome Panyiotopolous_Syndrome ESSO:Paramyoclonus_Multiplex Paramyoclonus_Multiplex paramyoclonus multiplex Paramyoclonus_Multiplex ESSO:Paraneoplastic_Opsoclonus-Myoclonus_Ataxia_POMA Paraneoplastic_Opsoclonus-Myoclonus_Ataxia_POMA paraneoplast opsoclonus- myoclonus ataxia p o m a paraneoplastic opsoclonus- myoclonus ataxia p o m a Paraneoplastic_Opsoclonus-Myoclonus_Ataxia_POMA ESSO:Parietal_Lobe_Hamartoma Parietal_Lobe_Hamartoma This is an instanc of a Hamartoma pariet lobe hamartoma parietal lobe hamartoma this is an instance of a hamartoma Parietal_Lobe_Hamartoma ESSO:Parieto-Occipital_Sulcus Parieto-Occipital_Sulcus Trancr 2005 The Parieto-occipit sulcus is a deep fissur which separ the pariet from the occipit lobe of the cerebr cortex. Structures: Corpus Callosum Occipit Lobe Pariet Lobe Precuneus Information: The Parieto-occipit Sulcus is a veri deep groov which extend obliqu across the medial surfac of the brain, posterior to the corpus callosum. It is form part of the boundari between the occipit and pariet lobes. Specifically, it is locat between the cuneus of the occipit lobe and the precuneus of the pariet lobe. parieto- occipit sulcus parieto- occipital sulcus trancred 2005 the parieto-occipital sulcus is a deep fissure which separates the parietal from the occipital lobes of the cerebral cortex. structures: corpus callosum occipital lobe parietal lobe precuneus information: the parieto-occipital sulcus is a very deep groove which extends obliquely across the medial surface of the brain, posterior to the corpus callosum. it is forms part of the boundary between the occipital and parietal lobes. specifically, it is located between the cuneus of the occipital lobe and the precuneus of the parietal lobe. Parieto-Occipital_Sulcus ESSO:Paroxysmal_Fast Paroxysmal_Fast Noachter 1999 Paroxysm Fast: Fast frequenc in the beta rang occur in train (see paroxysm, low voltag fast activity). noachter 1999 paroxysmal fast: fast frequencies in the beta range occurring in trains (see paroxysm, low voltage fast activity). paroxysm fast paroxysmal fast Paroxysmal_Fast ESSO:Partial Partial Gastaut 1970 Partial Onset Bancaud 1981 The first clinic and electroencephalograph chang indic nitial activ of a system of neuron limit to part of one cerebr hemispher Engel 2001 The term partial itself has come under critic becaus it impli part of a seizure, or part of a syndrome, rather than a seizur or syndrom that begin in part of one hemisphere. For this reason, the 1989 Classif of Epilepsi and Epilept Syndrom replac the term partial with “localization-related.” This latter terminolog has been cumbersom and is not consist used. The Task Forc is now propos that the term partial and localization-rel be replac with the older term “focal,” which remain in common use. It must be strong emphasized, however, that the term focal doe not mean that the epileptogen region is a small, welldelin focus of neuron pathology; focal seizures, as well as focal syndromes, are almost alway due to diffuse, and at time widespread, area of cerebr dysfunction. gastaut 1970 partial onset bancaud 1981 the first clinical and electroencephalographic changes indicate nitial activation of a system of neurons limited to part of one cerebral hemisphere engel 2001 the term partial itself has come under criticism because it implies part of a seizure, or part of a syndrome, rather than a seizure or syndrome that begins in part of one hemisphere. for this reason, the 1989 classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes replaced the term partial with “localization-related.” this latter terminology has been cumbersome and is not consistently used. the task force is now proposing that the terms partial and localization-related be replaced with the older term “focal,” which remains in common use. it must be strongly emphasized, however, that the term focal does not mean that the epileptogenic region is a small, welldelineated focus of neuronal pathology; focal seizures, as well as focal syndromes, are almost always due to diffuse, and at times widespread, areas of cerebral dysfunction. partial Partial ESSO:Partial_Amnesia Partial_Amnesia partial amnesia Partial_Amnesia ESSO:Partial_Monosomy_4p Partial_Monosomy_4p Engel 2001 Partial monosomi 4p engel 2001 partial monosomy 4p partial monosomi 4p partial monosomy 4p Partial_Monosomy_4p ESSO:Partial_Seizure Partial_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Classifi primarili whether or not conscious is impair dure the attack. bancaud 1981 classified primarily whether or not consciousness is impaired during the attack. partial seizur partial seizure Partial_Seizure ESSO:Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures Bancaud 1981 A) Simpl partial seizur evolv to generliz seizur B) Complex partial seizur evolv to general seizur C) Simpl partial seizur evolv to complex partial seizur evolv to general seizur EEG Seizur Type Discharg becom secondarili and rapid general bancaud 1981 a) simple partial seizures evolving to generlized seizures b) complex partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures c) simple partial seizures evolving to complex partial seizures evolving to generalized seizures eeg seizure type discharges become secondarily and rapidly generalized partial seizur evolv to secondarili general seizur partial seizures evolving to secondarily generalized seizures Partial_Seizures_Evolving_to_Secondarily_Generalized_Seizures ESSO:Partial_Semiology Partial_Semiology partial semiolog partial semiology Partial_Semiology ESSO:Partial_Status_Epilepticus Partial_Status_Epilepticus bancaud 1981 e.g. jacksonian partial status epilepticus Partial_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Pathology Pathology patholog pathology Pathology ESSO:Pathophysiologic Pathophysiologic pathophysiolog pathophysiologic Pathophysiologic ESSO:Patterns Patterns Engel 2001 Pattern engel 2001 patterns pattern patterns Patterns ESSO:Peak_Amplitude Peak_Amplitude Noachter 1999 Peak: Point of maximum amplitud of a wave. noachter 1999 peak: point of maximum amplitude of a wave. peak amplitud peak amplitude Peak_Amplitude ESSO:Pedaling Pedaling pedal pedaling Pedaling ESSO:Perception Perception Blume 2001 Compon of cognition: Perception: symbol concept of sensori inform Attention: appropri select of a princip percept or task Emotion: appropri affect signific of a percept Memory: abil to store and retriev percept or concept Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 components of cognition: perception: symbolic conception of sensory information attention: appropriate selection of a principal perception or task emotion: appropriate affective significance of a perception memory: ability to store and retrieve percepts or concepts executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech percept perception Perception ESSO:Perictal Perictal perict perictal Perictal ESSO:Perinatal_Insults Perinatal_Insults perinat insult perinatal insults Perinatal_Insults ESSO:Period Period Noachter 1999 Period: Durat of complet cycl of individu compon of a sequenc of regular repeat EEG wave or complexes. Comment: the period of the individu compon of an EEG rhythm is the reciproc of the frequenc of the rhythm. noachter 1999 period: duration of complete cycle of individual component of a sequence of regularly repeated eeg waves or complexes. comment: the period of the individual components of an eeg rhythm is the reciprocal of the frequency of the rhythm. period Period ESSO:Periodic_Lateralized_Epileptiform_Discharges_PLEDs Periodic_Lateralized_Epileptiform_Discharges_PLEDs Noachter 1999 Period Later Epileptiform Discharg (PLEDs): PLEDs are sharp transient such as sharp wave or spikes, which repeat in a period or semiperiod fashion. They have either a region or a later distribution. They may also occur independ over both hemispheres. The epileptiform discharg often have multipl phase and a complex morphology. The main compon is negative. noachter 1999 periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (pleds): pleds are sharp transients such as sharp waves or spikes, which repeat in a periodical or semiperiodical fashion. they have either a regional or a lateralized distribution. they may also occur independently over both hemispheres. the epileptiform discharges often have multiple phases and a complex morphology. the main component is negative. period later epileptiform discharg p l e ds periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges p l e ds Periodic_Lateralized_Epileptiform_Discharges_PLEDs ESSO:Periodic_Period Periodic_Period Noachter 1999 Periodic: Appli to: (1) EEG wave or complex Occur in a sequenc at an approxim regular rate. (2) EEG wave or complex occur intermitt at approxim regular intervals, general of one to sever seconds. noachter 1999 periodic: applies to: (1) eeg waves or complexes occurring in a sequence at an approximately regular rate. (2) eeg waves or complexes occurring intermittently at approximately regular intervals, generally of one to several seconds. period period periodic period Periodic_Period ESSO:Periventricular_Leukomalacia Periventricular_Leukomalacia engel 2001 periventricular leukomalacia periventricular leukomalacia Periventricular_Leukomalacia ESSO:Permeation Permeation permeat permeation Permeation ESSO:Persistence_of_Condition Persistence_of_Condition persist of condit persistence of condition Persistence_of_Condition ESSO:Person_Hallucination Person_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Person bancaud 1981 persons person hallucin person hallucination Person_Hallucination ESSO:Personality_Disorder Personality_Disorder person disord personality disorder Personality_Disorder ESSO:Petit_Mal Petit_Mal petit mal Petit_Mal ESSO:Phacomatoses Phacomatoses The individu phacomatos have no typic electroclin pattern. We emphas that West syndrom is frequent in tuber sclerosis, and that general and partial seizur may follow the otherwis typic cours of infantil spasms. Sturge-Web syndrom is a frequent caus of simpl partial seizur follow by hemiparesis. phacomatos phacomatoses the individual phacomatoses have no typical electroclinical pattern. we emphasize that west syndrome is frequent in tuberous sclerosis, and that generalized and partial seizures may follow the otherwise typical course of infantile spasms. sturge-weber syndrome is a frequent cause of simple partial seizures followed by hemiparesis. Phacomatoses ESSO:Phakomatoses Phakomatoses d0000721 phakomatos phakomatoses Phakomatoses ESSO:Pharmacodynamic_Property Pharmacodynamic_Property pharmacodynam properti pharmacodynamic property Pharmacodynamic_Property ESSO:Pharmacokinetic_Property Pharmacokinetic_Property pharmacokinet properti pharmacokinetic property Pharmacokinetic_Property ESSO:Phase Phase Noachter 1999 Phase: (1) Time or polar relationship between a point on a wave display in a deriv and the ident point on the same wave record simultan in anoth derivation. (2) Time or angular relationship between a point on a wave and the onset of the cycl of the same wave. Usualli express in degre or radians. noachter 1999 phase: (1) time or polarity relationships between a point on a wave displayed in a derivation and the identical point on the same wave recorded simultaneously in another derivation. (2) time or angular relationships between a point on a wave and the onset of the cycle of the same wave. usually expressed in degrees or radians. phase Phase ESSO:Phosphenes Phosphenes phosphen phosphenes Phosphenes ESSO:Photic_Driving Photic_Driving Noachter 1999 Photic Driving: Physiolog respons consist of rhythmic activ elicit over the posterior region of the head by repetit photic stimul at frequenc of about 5-30 Hz. Comments: (1) term should be limit to activ time-lock to the stimulus and of frequenc ident or harmon relat to the stimulus frequency. (2) Photic drive should be distinguish from the visual evok potenti elicit by isol flash of light or flash repeat at veri low frequencies. noachter 1999 photic driving: physiologic response consisting of rhythmic activity elicited over the posterior regions of the head by repetitive photic stimulation at frequencies of about 5-30 hz. comments: (1) term should be limited to activity time-locked to the stimulus and of frequency identical or harmonically related to the stimulus frequency. (2) photic driving should be distinguished from the visual evoked potentials elicited by isolated flashes of light or flashes repeated at very low frequencies. photic drive photic driving Photic_Driving ESSO:Photic_Stimulation_Activation_Procedure Photic_Stimulation_Activation_Procedure Noachter 1999 Photic Stimulation: Deliveri of intermitt flash of light to the eye of a subject. Used as EEG activ procedure. Synonym: intermitt photic stimul (IPS). noachter 1999 photic stimulation: delivery of intermittent flashes of light to the eyes of a subject. used as eeg activation procedure. synonym: intermittent photic stimulation (ips). photic stimul activ procedur photic stimulation activation procedure Photic_Stimulation_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Photomyogenic_Response Photomyogenic_Response Noachter 1999 Photomyogen Response: A respons to intermitt photic stimul character by the appear in the record of brief, repetit muscular artifact (spikes) over the anterior region of the head. These often increas gradual in amplitud as stimuli are continu and ceas prompt when the stimulus is withdrawn. Comment: this respons is frequent associ with flutter of the eyelid and vertic oscil of the eyebal and sometim with discret jerk most involv the musculatur of the face and head. Prefer to synonym: photomyoclon response. noachter 1999 photomyogenic response: a response to intermittent photic stimulation characterized by the appearance in the record of brief, repetitive muscular artifacts (spikes) over the anterior regions of the head. these often increase gradually in amplitude as stimuli are continued and cease promptly when the stimulus is withdrawn. comment: this response is frequently associated with flutter of the eyelids and vertical oscillations of the eyeballs and sometimes with discrete jerking mostly involving the musculature of the face and head. preferred to synonym: photomyoclonic response. photomyogen respons photomyogenic response Photomyogenic_Response ESSO:Photosensitive Photosensitive JB: Histori and EEG Sign jb: history and eeg sign photosensit photosensitive Photosensitive ESSO:Photosensitive_Seizure Photosensitive_Seizure 2014 Fischer anoth patient might have photosensit epilepsy, yet not be consid to have epilepsi becaus the seizur are provok by light 2014 fischer another patient might have photosensitive epilepsy, yet not be considered to have epilepsy because the seizures are provoked by lights photosensit seizur photosensitive seizure Photosensitive_Seizure ESSO:Photosensitive_Status Photosensitive_Status photosensit status photosensitive status Photosensitive_Status ESSO:Physical_Examination Physical_Examination 2005 SIGN Fever Scheuerman 2009 Physic Examination: A sequenc of act of observ and measur bodili featur of a patient perform by a clinician; measur may occur with and without elicitation. 2010 Berg 2005 sign fever scheuerman 2009 physical examination: a sequence of acts of observing and measuring bodily features of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation. 2010 berg physic examin physical examination Physical_Examination ESSO:Physiologic Physiologic physiolog physiologic Physiologic ESSO:Piloerection Piloerection Bancaud 1981 Piloerect bancaud 1981 piloerection piloerect piloerection Piloerection ESSO:Pins_and_Needles_Sensation Pins_and_Needles_Sensation Bancaud 1981 Pins-and-needl sensat bancaud 1981 pins-and-needles sensation pin and needl sensat pins and needles sensation Pins_and_Needles_Sensation ESSO:Pleasure Pleasure Bancaud 1981 Extreme pleasur bancaud 1981 extreme pleasure pleasur pleasure Pleasure ESSO:Polarity Polarity Noachter 1999 Polarity, EEG wave: Sign of potenti differ exist at a given time between an electrod affect by a given potenti chang and anoth electrod not appreciably, or less, affect by the same chang (see polar convention). Comment: the appar \"polarity\" of an EEG wave is depend upon the potenti differ between two electrodes. noachter 1999 polarity, eeg wave: sign of potential difference existing at a given time between an electrode affected by a given potential change and another electrode not appreciably, or less, affected by the same change (see polarity convention). comment: the apparent \"polarity\" of an eeg wave is dependent upon the potential difference between two electrodes. polar polarity Polarity ESSO:Poly Poly Bancaud 1981 Polyspik and Wave Polyspik and Slow Wave bancaud 1981 polyspike and wave polyspike and slow wave poli poly Poly ESSO:Polygraphic_Recording Polygraphic_Recording Noachter 1999 Polygraph Recording: Simultan monitor of multipl physiolog measur such as the EEG, respiration, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, eye movement, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and leg movements, etc. noachter 1999 polygraphic recording: simultaneous monitoring of multiple physiological measures such as the eeg, respiration, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, eye movement, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and leg movements, etc. polygraph record polygraphic recording Polygraphic_Recording ESSO:Polymorphic Polymorphic polymorph polymorphic Polymorphic ESSO:Polyphasic_Wave Polyphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Polyphas Wave: Wave consist of two or more compon develop on altern side of the baselin (see diphas wave, triphas wave). noachter 1999 polyphasic wave: wave consisting of two or more components developed on alternating sides of the baseline (see diphasic wave, triphasic wave). polyphas wave polyphasic wave Polyphasic_Wave ESSO:Polysomnogram Polysomnogram Noachter 1999 Polysomnography: Polygraph record of sleep (see polygraph recording). noachter 1999 polysomnography: polygraphic recording of sleep (see polygraphic recording). polysomnogram Polysomnogram ESSO:Polyspike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Polyspike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Noachter 1999 Polyspik and Slow Wave Complex: Synonym: multipl spike-and-slow-wav complex (term discouraged) . noachter 1999 polyspike and slow wave complex: synonym: multiple spike-and-slow-wave complex (term discouraged) . polyspike-and- slow- wave complex Polyspike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Polyspike_Complex Polyspike_Complex Noachter 1999 Polyspik Complex: A sequenc of two or more spikes. Synonym: multipl spike complex (term discouraged). noachter 1999 polyspike complex: a sequence of two or more spikes. synonym: multiple spike complex (term discouraged). polyspik complex polyspike complex Polyspike_Complex ESSO:Pons Pons Trancr 2005 The Pon is an import relay center for inform pass from the cerebr cortex to the cerebellum. It also contain nuclei cranial nerv V, VI, and VII, respiratori control center and long motor and sensori tracts. Structures: Basi Ponti CN Nuclei of Pon Corticobulbar Tract Corticopontin Tract Corticospin Tract Fourth Ventricl Hindbrain Medial Lemniscus Medulla Midbrain Middl Cerebellar Peduncl Pontin Nuclei Pontocerebellar Tract Reticular Format Spinothalam Tract Tract of Pon Information: The pon is the rostral part of the hindbrain and lie between the medulla and the midbrain. It develop from the metencephalon of the embryon brain and consist of a tegmentum and a base (the basi pontis). The pontin tegmentum is locat dorsal and form the rostral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. It is compos primarili of gray matter and contain the pontin reticular format (which is contin with the reticular format of the medulla and midbrain) as well as sever cranial nerv nuclei (see CN nuclei of pons) and their associ tracts. In the basi pontis, island of gray matter, the pontin nuclei, are interspers amongst massiv number of horizont orient pontocerebellar fibr and vertic orient corticopontine, corticospin and corticobulbar fibres. The pontocerebellar fibr continu later as the middl cerebellar peduncle, visibl on the ventral surfac of the pons. The ascend somatosensori pathways, the medial lemniscus and the spinothalam tract (refer to collect at this level as the spinal lemniscus) lie in the dorsal part of the basi pontis, adjac to the tegmentum. A list of the major tract present in cross section of the pon are list on anoth card (tract of pons). pons trancred 2005 the pons is an important relay center for information passing from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum. it also contains nuclei cranial nerves v, vi, and vii, respiratory control centers and long motor and sensory tracts. structures: basis pontis cn nuclei of pons corticobulbar tract corticopontine tract corticospinal tract fourth ventricle hindbrain medial lemniscus medulla midbrain middle cerebellar peduncle pontine nuclei pontocerebellar tract reticular formation spinothalamic tract tracts of pons information: the pons is the rostral part of the hindbrain and lies between the medulla and the midbrain. it develops from the metencephalon of the embryonic brain and consists of a tegmentum and a base (the basis pontis). the pontine tegmentum is located dorsally and forms the rostral part of the floor of the fourth ventricle. it is composed primarily of gray matter and contains the pontine reticular formation (which is continous with the reticular formation of the medulla and midbrain) as well as several cranial nerve nuclei (see cn nuclei of pons) and their associated tracts. in the basis pontis, islands of gray matter, the pontine nuclei, are interspersed amongst massive numbers of horizontally oriented pontocerebellar fibres and vertically oriented corticopontine, corticospinal and corticobulbar fibres. the pontocerebellar fibres continue laterally as the middle cerebellar peduncle, visible on the ventral surface of the pons. the ascending somatosensory pathways, the medial lemniscus and the spinothalamic tract (referred to collectively at this level as the spinal lemniscus) lie in the dorsal part of the basis pontis, adjacent to the tegmentum. a list of the major tracts present in cross sections of the pons are listed on another card (tracts of pons). Pons ESSO:Poor_Prognosis Poor_Prognosis poor prognosi poor prognosis Poor_Prognosis ESSO:Porencephaly Porencephaly Engel 2001 Porencephali engel 2001 porencephaly porencephali porencephaly Porencephaly ESSO:Positioning Positioning posit positioning Positioning ESSO:Positive_Amplitude Positive_Amplitude posit amplitud positive amplitude Positive_Amplitude ESSO:Positive_Bursts_14-6Hz Positive_Bursts_14-6Hz Noachter 1999 Fourteen and 6-Hz Posit Bust: Burst of arch-shap wave at 13-17 Hz and/or 5-7 Hz but most common at 14 and or 6 Hz seen general over the posterior tempor and adjac area of one or both side of the head dure sleep. The sharp peak of it compon wave are posit with respect to other regions. Amplitud vari but is general below 75 uV. Comments: (1) best demonstr by referenti record use contralater earlob or other remote, refer electrodes. 2) This pattern is of no establish clinic significance. noachter 1999 fourteen and 6-hz positive bust: burst of arch-shaped waves at 13-17 hz and/or 5-7 hz but most commonly at 14 and or 6 hz seen generally over the posterior temporal and adjacent areas of one or both sides of the head during sleep. the sharp peaks of its component waves are positive with respect to other regions. amplitude varies but is generally below 75 uv. comments: (1) best demonstrated by referential recording using contralateral earlobe or other remote, reference electrodes. 2) this pattern is of no established clinical significance. posit burst 14-6 hz positive bursts 14-6 hz Positive_Bursts_14-6Hz ESSO:Positive_Occipital_Sharp_Transient_of_Sleep_POST Positive_Occipital_Sharp_Transient_of_Sleep_POST Noachter 1999 Posit occipit sharp transient of sleep (POSTS): Sharp transient maxim over the occipit regions, posit relat to other areas, appar occur spontan dure sleep. May be singl or repetitive. Amplitud vari but is general below 50 uV. noachter 1999 positive occipital sharp transient of sleep (posts): sharp transient maximal over the occipital regions, positive relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep. may be single or repetitive. amplitude varies but is generally below 50 uv. posit occipit sharp transient of sleep p o s t positive occipital sharp transient of sleep p o s t Positive_Occipital_Sharp_Transient_of_Sleep_POST ESSO:Positive_Polarity Positive_Polarity posit polar positive polarity Positive_Polarity ESSO:Positive_Spikes_14-6Hz Positive_Spikes_14-6Hz Noachter 1999 Fourteen and 6 Hz Posit Spikes: Synonym: 14- and 6-Hz posit burst. noachter 1999 fourteen and 6 hz positive spikes: synonym: 14- and 6-hz positive burst. posit spike 14-6 hz positive spikes 14-6 hz Positive_Spikes_14-6Hz ESSO:Positive_Visual_Hallucination Positive_Visual_Hallucination posit visual hallucin positive visual hallucination Positive_Visual_Hallucination ESSO:Positron_Emission_Tomography_PET_Scan Positron_Emission_Tomography_PET_Scan ILAE 1989 Hypometabol Wolf 2006 ilae 1989 hypometabolism wolf 2006 positron emiss tomographi p e t scan positron emission tomography p e t scan Positron_Emission_Tomography_PET_Scan ESSO:Post-Ictal_Phenomena Post-Ictal_Phenomena Blume 2001 Postict Phenomenon: A transient clinic abnorm of central nervous system function that appear or becom accentu when clinic sign of the ictus have ended. blume 2001 postictal phenomenon: a transient clinical abnormality of central nervous system function that appears or becomes accentuated when clinical signs of the ictus have ended. post- ictal phenomena Post-Ictal_Phenomena ESSO:Postcentral_Gyrus Postcentral_Gyrus Tancr 2005 The postcentr gyrus correspond to the primari somatosensori area, which is essenti for the precis local of somatosensori stimuli. Structure: Brodmann’ Area Central Sulcus Cerebrum Paracentr Lobul Pariet Lobe Postcentr Sulcus Primari Somatosensori Area Information: The postcentr gyrus is locat in the later surfac of the cerebrum in the anterior part of the pariet lobe. It is bound anterior by the central sulcus and posterior by the postcentr sulcus. Its extend onto the medial surfac of the cerebrum, where it form the anterior part of the paracentr lobule. The postcentr gyrus correspond to primari somatosensori area and includ Brodmann area 1, 2 and 3. postcentr gyrus postcentral gyrus tancred 2005 the postcentral gyrus corresponds to the primary somatosensory area, which is essential for the precise localization of somatosensory stimuli. structure: brodmann’s areas central sulcus cerebrum paracentral lobule parietal lobe postcentral sulcus primary somatosensory area information: the postcentral gyrus is located in the lateral surface of the cerebrum in the anterior part of the parietal lobe. it is bounded anteriorly by the central sulcus and posteriorly by the postcentral sulcus. its extends onto the medial surface of the cerebrum, where it forms the anterior part of the paracentral lobule. the postcentral gyrus corresponds to primary somatosensory area and includes brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3. Postcentral_Gyrus ESSO:Postcentral_Sulcus Postcentral_Sulcus Tancr 2005 The postcentr sulcus form the posterior boundari of the postcentr gyrus and separ it fromt he superior and inferior pariet lobules. Structures: Pariet Lobe Postcentr Gyrus Information: The postcentr sulcus is locat on the pariet lobe, posterior to the postcentr gyrus. It separ the postcentr gyrus from the superior and inferior pariet lobules. postcentr sulcus postcentral sulcus tancred 2005 the postcentral sulcus forms the posterior boundary of the postcentral gyrus and separates it fromt he superior and inferior parietal lobules. structures: parietal lobe postcentral gyrus information: the postcentral sulcus is located on the parietal lobe, posterior to the postcentral gyrus. it separates the postcentral gyrus from the superior and inferior parietal lobules. Postcentral_Sulcus ESSO:Posterior Posterior posterior Posterior ESSO:Posterior_Region Posterior_Region posterior region Posterior_Region ESSO:Posterior_Slow_Wave_of_Youth Posterior_Slow_Wave_of_Youth The occurr of virtual continu or repetit seizur activ in an EEG. Term should be distinguish from clinic status epilepticus. posterior slow wave of youth the occurrence of virtually continuous or repetitive seizure activity in an eeg. term should be distinguished from clinical status epilepticus. Posterior_Slow_Wave_of_Youth ESSO:Postnatal_Infection Postnatal_Infection Engel 2001 Postnat infect engel 2001 postnatal infections postnat infect postnatal infection Postnatal_Infection ESSO:Postural_Seizure Postural_Seizure Blume 2001 Postural: Adoption of a postur that may be bilater symmetr or asymmetr (as in a “fenc posture”).
 blume 2001 postural: adoption of a posture that may be bilaterally symmetric or asymmetric (as in a “fencing posture”).
 postur seizur postural seizure Postural_Seizure ESSO:Postural_Status Postural_Status postur status postural status Postural_Status ESSO:Posture Posture JB: Observat of someon in front of you jb: observation of someone in front of you postur posture Posture ESSO:Potential Potential potenti potential Potential ESSO:Praxis Praxis Praxi (process), the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, practiced, embodied, or realis praxi praxis praxis (process), the process by which a theory, lesson, or skill is enacted, practiced, embodied, or realised Praxis ESSO:Pre-Ictal_Phenomena Pre-Ictal_Phenomena Blume 2001 Prodrome: A preictal phenomenon. A subject or object clinic alter (e.g., ill-loc sensat or agitation) that herald the onset of an epilept seizur but doe not form part of it. blume 2001 prodrome: a preictal phenomenon. a subjective or objective clinical alteration (e.g., ill-localized sensation or agitation) that heralds the onset of an epileptic seizure but does not form part of it. pre- ictal phenomena Pre-Ictal_Phenomena ESSO:Precentral_Gyrus Precentral_Gyrus The Precentr Gyrus correspond to the primari motor area of the cortex which control voluntari movement of the contralater half of the body, particular the distal part of the limbs. Structures: Brodmann’ Area Central Sulcus Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Paracentr Lobul Precentr Sulcus Primari Motor Area Information: The precentr gyrus is locat on the later surfac of the frontal lobe. It contain the primari motor area and correspond to Brodmann area 4. It is bound anterior by the precentr sulcus and posterior by the central sulcus. It extend onto the medial surfac of the cerebrum where it form the posterior part of the paracentr lobule. precentr gyrus precentral gyrus the precentral gyrus corresponds to the primary motor area of the cortex which controls voluntary movements of the contralateral half of the body, particularly the distal parts of the limbs. structures: brodmann’s areas central sulcus cerebrum frontal lobe paracentral lobule precentral sulcus primary motor area information: the precentral gyrus is located on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe. it contains the primary motor area and corresponds to brodmann's area 4. it is bounded anteriorly by the precentral sulcus and posteriorly by the central sulcus. it extends onto the medial surface of the cerebrum where it forms the posterior part of the paracentral lobule. Precentral_Gyrus ESSO:Precentral_Sulcus Precentral_Sulcus The Precentr Sulcus form the anterior boundari of the precentr gyrus and separ it from the anterior, middl and inferior frontal gyri. Structures: Frontal Lobe Inferior Frontal Gyrus Middl Frontal Gyrus Precentr Gyrus Superior Frontal Gyrus Information: The precentr sulcus is locat on the frontal lobe, anterior to the precentr gyrus. It separ the precentr gyrus from the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri. precentr sulcus precentral sulcus the precentral sulcus forms the anterior boundary of the precentral gyrus and separates it from the anterior, middle and inferior frontal gyri. structures: frontal lobe inferior frontal gyrus middle frontal gyrus precentral gyrus superior frontal gyrus information: the precentral sulcus is located on the frontal lobe, anterior to the precentral gyrus. it separates the precentral gyrus from the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri. Precentral_Sulcus ESSO:Precuneus Precuneus Trancr 2005 The function of the Precuneus is not clear defined. Structures: Angular Gyrus Calcarin Sulcus Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Frontal Lobe Inferior Pariet Lobul Intrapariet Sulcus Later Fissur Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Postcentr Gyrus Postcentr Sulcus Precuneus Primari Somatosensori Area Recept Speech Area Superior Pariet Lobul Superior Tempor Sulcus Supramargin Gyrus Information: The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. precuneus trancred 2005 the function of the precuneus is not clearly defined. structures: angular gyrus calcarine sulcus central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum frontal lobe inferior parietal lobule intraparietal sulcus lateral fissure occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus postcentral gyrus postcentral sulcus precuneus primary somatosensory area receptive speech area superior parietal lobule superior temporal sulcus supramarginal gyrus information: the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Precuneus ESSO:Prefrontal_Area Prefrontal_Area The Prefront Area is import in the control of certain aspect of behaviour such as judgement and foresight, and the determin of mood and level of motivation. Structures: Amygdala Dorsomedi Nucleus Frontal Lobe Hypothalamus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Middl Frontal Gyrus Orbital Gyri Premotor Area Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Information: The prefront area occupi the frontal lobe, anterior to the primari motor and premotor areas. It includ the orbit gyri and the anterior part of the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri. It is realli a region of associ cortex, which is strong connect to all other area of cortex as well as the dorsomedi nucleus of the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the amygdala. In human it is particular well-develop and play an import role in certain aspect of behaviour such as judgement and foresight, the determin of mood and level of motivation. Damag to the prefront cortex produc profound chang in personality. In the 1940 and 50 the a psychosurg procedur known as frontal leucotomy, which involv sever the subcort connect of the prefront area, was common perform to treat psychiatr disord characteris by anxiety, obsess and delusions. These patient general becom docil and were unconcern about previous anxieties, but they show a loss of drive and motiv and lack the abil to pursu long and complic thoughts. The deficit result from such surgeri were summaris by Tow (1955) as follows: (i) mark decreas in abil to solv problem and think in abstract term (ii) reduc abil to look ahead and plan for the futur (iii) reduc imagin and creativ (iv) modest reduct in intellig and vocabulary. Ref: Tow, P.M. (1955) \"Person Chang Follow Frontal Leucotomy.\" Oxford Univ. Press. prefront area prefrontal area the prefrontal area is important in the control of certain aspects of behaviour such as judgement and foresight, and the determination of mood and levels of motivation. structures: amygdala dorsomedial nucleus frontal lobe hypothalamus inferior frontal gyrus middle frontal gyrus orbital gyri premotor area primary motor area superior frontal gyrus information: the prefrontal area occupies the frontal lobe, anterior to the primary motor and premotor areas. it includes the orbital gyri and the anterior parts of the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri. it is really a region of association cortex, which is strongly connected to all other areas of cortex as well as the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus, the hypothalamus and the amygdala. in humans it is particularly well-developed and plays an important role in certain aspects of behaviour such as judgement and foresight, the determination of mood and levels of motivation. damage to the prefrontal cortex produces profound changes in personality. in the 1940's and 50's the a psychosurgical procedure known as frontal leucotomy, which involved severing the subcortical connections of the prefrontal area, was commonly performed to treat psychiatric disorders characterised by anxiety, obsessions and delusions. these patients generally become docile and were unconcerned about previous anxieties, but they showed a loss of drive and motivation and lacked the ability to pursue long and complicated thoughts. the deficits resulting from such surgery were summarised by tow (1955) as follows: (i) marked decrease in ability to solve problems and think in abstract terms (ii) reduced ability to look ahead and plan for the future (iii) reduced imagination and creativity (iv) modest reductions in intelligence and vocabulary. ref: tow, p.m. (1955) \"personality changes following frontal leucotomy.\" oxford univ. press. Prefrontal_Area ESSO:Preictal Preictal Blume 2001 Prodrome: A preictal phenomenon. A subject or object clinic alter (e.g., ill-loc sensat or agitation) that herald the onset of an epilept seizur but doe not form part of it. blume 2001 prodrome: a preictal phenomenon. a subjective or objective clinical alteration (e.g., ill-localized sensation or agitation) that heralds the onset of an epileptic seizure but does not form part of it. preictal Preictal ESSO:Premature_Temporal_Theta Premature_Temporal_Theta Noachter 1999 Prematur Tempor Theta: Tempor sharp transient in preterm infant occur in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic wave at 4-8 Hz, often with high voltag (100-200 uV). Synonym: Saw Tooth Bursts. noachter 1999 premature temporal theta: temporal sharp transients in preterm infants occurring in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic waves at 4-8 hz, often with high voltage (100-200 uv). synonym: saw toothed bursts. prematur tempor theta premature temporal theta Premature_Temporal_Theta ESSO:Premotor_Area Premotor_Area The Premotor Area is involv in the control of complex voluntari movement of the contralater half of the bodi particular those of the axial muscles. Structures: Brodmann’ Area Cortic Area Corticospin Tract Frontal Lobe Middl Frontal Gyrus Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Ventral Anterior Nucleus Ventral Posterior Nucleus Information: The premotor area is locat in the frontal lobe on the posterior part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. It is adjac to the primari motor area and correspond to Brodmann area 6. Its major input come from the primari motor area and the motor (ventral anterior and ventral lateral) nuclei of the thalamus. Major output go to the primari motor area and the corticospin tract. Like the primari motor area, the premotor area is also topograph organis but it has a higher threshold (is less sensitive) to stimul which result in contract of muscl groups, rather than individu muscles. The premotor area is known to be activ just prior to and dure a movement and is thought to be involv in some way in program the activ of neuron in the primari motor area. Damag to the premotor area result in apraxia, an inabl to carri out complex voluntari movement eg. the patient can't dress themselves. The patient can't point to his/her nose voluntarili (if ask to do so) but can do so subconsciously, if, for example, the nose itches. premotor area the premotor area is involved in the control of complex voluntary movements of the contralateral half of the body particularly those of the axial muscles. structures: brodmann’s areas cortical areas corticospinal tract frontal lobe middle frontal gyrus primary motor area superior frontal gyrus ventral anterior nucleus ventral posterior nucleus information: the premotor area is located in the frontal lobe on the posterior part of the superior and middle frontal gyri. it is adjacent to the primary motor area and corresponds to brodmann's area 6. its major inputs come from the primary motor area and the motor (ventral anterior and ventral lateral) nuclei of the thalamus. major outputs go to the primary motor area and the corticospinal tract. like the primary motor area, the premotor area is also topographically organised but it has a higher threshold (is less sensitive) to stimulation which results in contractions of muscle groups, rather than individual muscles. the premotor area is known to be active just prior to and during a movement and is thought to be involved in some way in programming the activity of neurons in the primary motor area. damage to the premotor area results in apraxia, an inability to carry out complex voluntary movements eg. the patients can't dress themselves. the patient can't point to his/her nose voluntarily (if asked to do so) but can do so subconsciously, if, for example, the nose itches. Premotor_Area ESSO:Prenatal_Or_Perinatal_Ischemic_Or_Anoxic_Lesions_Or_Cerebral_Infections_Causing_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Prenatal_Or_Perinatal_Ischemic_Or_Anoxic_Lesions_Or_Cerebral_Infections_Causing_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Engel 2001 Prenat or perinat ischem or anox lesion or cerebr infect caus nonprogress encephalopathi engel 2001 prenatal or perinatal ischemic or anoxic lesions or cerebral infections causing nonprogressive encephalopathies prenat or perinat ischem or anox lesion or cerebr infect caus nonprogress encephalopathi prenatal or perinatal ischemic or anoxic lesions or cerebral infections causing nonprogressive encephalopathies Prenatal_Or_Perinatal_Ischemic_Or_Anoxic_Lesions_Or_Cerebral_Infections_Causing_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies ESSO:Prerolandic_Area Prerolandic_Area preroland area prerolandic area Prerolandic_Area ESSO:Presence_of_other_Risk_Factors Presence_of_other_Risk_Factors presenc of other risk factor presence of other risk factors Presence_of_other_Risk_Factors ESSO:Prevalence Prevalence preval prevalence Prevalence ESSO:Primary_Auditory_Area Primary_Auditory_Area The Primari Auditori Area of the cortex is involv in the discrimin of differ pitch and pattern of sound. Structures: Auditori Radiat Brodmann’ Area Cortic Area Later Fissur Medial Genicul Nucleus Superior Tempor Gyrus Transvers Tempor Gyrus Information: The Primari Auditori Area, which correspond to Brodmann area 41, is locat on the transvers tempor gyri (of Heschl). These gyri are transvers orient folds, locat in the floor of the later fissure, extend inward from the superior tempor gyrus. The Primari Auditori Area receiv it major input from the medial genicul nucleus of the thalamus via the auditori radiation. These fibr termin in layer 4 in a precis tonotop manner such that sound of specif frequenc are repres in specif part of the auditori area, ie. it contain a map of all audibl frequencies. Damag to the primari auditori area of one hemispher doe not result in ani signific hear loss becaus sound from each ear are repres bilater in the cortex. Bilater damag doe not caus an inabl ot detect sound but it doe caus in an inabl to discrimin differ pitch and pattern of sound. primari auditori area primary auditory area the primary auditory area of the cortex is involved in the discrimination of different pitches and patterns of sound. structures: auditory radiation brodmann’s areas cortical areas lateral fissure medial geniculate nucleus superior temporal gyrus transverse temporal gyrus information: the primary auditory area, which corresponds to brodmann's area 41, is located on the transverse temporal gyri (of heschl). these gyri are transversely oriented folds, located in the floor of the lateral fissure, extending inwards from the superior temporal gyrus. the primary auditory area receives its major input from the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus via the auditory radiation. these fibres terminate in layer 4 in a precise tonotopic manner such that sounds of specific frequencies are represented in specific parts of the auditory area, ie. it contains a map of all audible frequencies. damage to the primary auditory area of one hemisphere does not result in any significant hearing loss because sounds from each ear are represented bilaterally in the cortex. bilateral damage does not cause an inability ot detect sound but it does cause in an inability to discriminate different pitches and patterns of sound. Primary_Auditory_Area ESSO:Primary_Dentatum_Atrophy Primary_Dentatum_Atrophy primari dentatum atrophi primary dentatum atrophy Primary_Dentatum_Atrophy ESSO:Primary_Motor_Area Primary_Motor_Area The Primari Motor Area of the cortex, which occupi the Precentr Gyrus control voluntari movement of the contralater half of the body, particular the distal part of the limbs. Structures: Brodmann’ Area Cerebr Cortex Cerebr Cortex - histolog Cortic Area Corticospin Tract Premotor Area Primari Somatosensori Area Ventral Anterior Nucleus Ventral Horn Ventral Later Nucleus Information: The Primari Motor Area of the cerebr cortex is locat on the precentr gyrus and correspond to Brodmann area 4. The cortex of both primari and premotor area is of the agranular type, be domin by pyramid cell (see Cerebr Cortex - Histology). The primari motor area is characteris by the presenc of extrem larg pyramid cell in layer 5. Some of these cell reach100�m in diamet and are known as the giant cell of Betz. The primari motor area receiv input from the premotor and primari somatosensori area of cortex as well as from the motor (ventral later and ventral anterior) nuclei of the thalamus. The major output of the primari motor area is to the corticospin tract which termin in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and is particular import in the control of non-stereotyp movement of the limbs, in particular movement of the hand and fingers. The primari motor area is somatotop organis with stimul result in movement of discret muscl group in the contralater half of the body, the muscl group be depend on the specif locat of the stimulus. The somatotop map of the primari motor area is known as the motor homunculus. Like the sensori homunculus, the head is repres most later and the feet most medially. There is a disproportion larg represent of the muscl of the face and hands. Movement can also be elicit by stimul of the premotor area but the primari motor area has a lower threshold (ie. is more sensitive) to stimulation. Damag to the primari motor area result initi in loss of voluntari movement of muscl in the contralater half of the bodi (contralater hemiplegia) but there is a partial recoveri with time, so that there is onli a weak of movement (hemiparesis) in the distal muscl of the limb (particular those of the hands). primari motor area primary motor area the primary motor area of the cortex, which occupies the precentral gyrus controls voluntary movements of the contralateral half of the body, particularly the distal parts of the limbs. structures: brodmann’s areas cerebral cortex cerebral cortex - histology cortical areas corticospinal tract premotor area primary somatosensory area ventral anterior nucleus ventral horn ventral lateral nucleus information: the primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is located on the precentral gyrus and corresponds to brodmann's area 4. the cortex of both primary and premotor areas is of the agranular type, being dominated by pyramidal cells (see cerebral cortex - histology). the primary motor area is characterised by the presence of extremely large pyramidal cells in layer 5. some of these cells reach100�m in diameter and are known as the giant cells of betz. the primary motor area receives inputs from the premotor and primary somatosensory areas of cortex as well as from the motor (ventral lateral and ventral anterior) nuclei of the thalamus. the major output of the primary motor area is to the corticospinal tract which terminates in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and is particularly important in the control of non-stereotyped movements of the limbs, in particular movements of the hands and fingers. the primary motor area is somatotopically organised with stimulation resulting in movements of discrete muscle groups in the contralateral half of the body, the muscle group being dependent on the specific location of the stimulus. the somatotopic map of the primary motor area is known as the motor homunculus. like the sensory homunculus, the head is represented most laterally and the feet most medially. there is a disproportionately large representation of the muscles of the face and hands. movements can also be elicited by stimulation of the premotor area but the primary motor area has a lower threshold (ie. is more sensitive) to stimulation. damage to the primary motor area results initially in loss of voluntary movement of muscles in the contralateral half of the body (contralateral hemiplegia) but there is a partial recovery with time, so that there is only a weakness of movement (hemiparesis) in the distal muscles of the limbs (particularly those of the hands). Primary_Motor_Area ESSO:Primary_Sensorimotor_Cortex Primary_Sensorimotor_Cortex primari sensorimotor cortex primary sensorimotor cortex Primary_Sensorimotor_Cortex ESSO:Primary_Somatosensory_Area Primary_Somatosensory_Area The Primari Somatosensori Area, which occupi the Postcentr Gyrus, is essenti for the precis localis of somatosensori stimuli. Structures: Brodmann’ Area Cerebr Cortex - Gener Cerebr Cortex - Histolog Cortic Area Corticospin Tract Later Fissur Postcentr Gyrus Primari Motor Area Ventral Posterior Nucleus Information: The primari somatosensori area of the cerebr cortex occupi the postcentr gyrus and correspond to Brodmann area 1, 2 and 3. Its receiv input (concern tactil and propriocept sensat in the contralater half of the body) from the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. These thalamocort input termin in layer 4 in a precis topograph manner. Those repres sensat from the face termin most later (near the later fissure), and those repres the foot termin most medially. Area of the bodi in which tactil sensat is of particular import have a disproportion larg represent in the somatosensori cortex, eg. the lips, tongu and hand. The result somewhat distort topograph map is known as the sensori homunculus. The somatosensori cortex also has strong interconnect with the primari motor area (area 4). It also give rise to a signific number of the fibr in the corticospin tract (up to 40%). The primari somatosensori area is essenti for the precis localis of somatosensori stimuli in the contralater half of the body. If it is damag their may be some awar of the stimulus (particular pain and temperature) but the patient is unabl to localis it, and sensat such as discrimin touch and conscious propriocept are complet lost (on the contralater side). primari somatosensori area primary somatosensory area the primary somatosensory area, which occupies the postcentral gyrus, is essential for the precise localisation of somatosensory stimuli. structures: brodmann’s areas cerebral cortex - general cerebral cortex - histology cortical areas corticospinal tract lateral fissure postcentral gyrus primary motor area ventral posterior nucleus information: the primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex occupies the postcentral gyrus and corresponds to brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3. its receives inputs (concerning tactile and proprioceptive sensations in the contralateral half of the body) from the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. these thalamocortical inputs terminate in layer 4 in a precise topographic manner. those representing sensations from the face terminate most laterally (near the lateral fissure), and those representing the foot terminate most medially. areas of the body in which tactile sensation is of particular importance have a disproportionately large representation in the somatosensory cortex, eg. the lips, tongue and hand. the resulting somewhat distorted topographic map is known as the sensory homunculus. the somatosensory cortex also has strong interconnections with the primary motor area (area 4). it also gives rise to a significant number of the fibres in the corticospinal tract (up to 40%). the primary somatosensory area is essential for the precise localisation of somatosensory stimuli in the contralateral half of the body. if it is damaged their may be some awareness of the stimulus (particularly pain and temperature) but the patient is unable to localise it, and sensations such as discriminative touch and conscious proprioception are completely lost (on the contralateral side). Primary_Somatosensory_Area ESSO:Primary_Visual_Area Primary_Visual_Area Trancr 2005 The Primari Visual Area preprocess from the visual field of both eye and is essenti for the conscious percept of vision. Structures: Brodmann’ Area Calcarin Sulcus Cortic Area Cranial Nerv Exam Fovea Later Genicul Nucleus Neocortex - Layer 4 Occipit Lobe Optic n. (CN II) Optic Radiat Optic Tract Posterior Cerebr a. Retina Sagitt - Thal./Midbrain Visual Field Visual System Information: The Primari Visual Cortex surround the calcarin sulcus on the medial surfac of the occipit lobe, most of it be buri within the sulcus. It correspond to Brodmann area 17 and is often refer to as the striat cortex becaus it contain a thin horizont stripe of white matter (the stria of Gennari) which is visibl with the nake eye. This line is visibl in the primari visual area in the cross-sect Sagitt - Thal./Midbrain. The primari visual cortex receiv it major input from the later genicul nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus via the optic radiat (geniculocalcarin tract). These fiber termin in a topograph manner in layer 4. (The stria of Gennari is actual form by the geniculocalcarin fibr pass through layer 4 en rout to their site of termination). The primari visual cortex of one hemispher receiv data (via the LGN) from the contralater half of the visual field of both eyes. The fovea, the central region of the retina, has a disproportion larg represent in the posterior part of area 17, near the occipit pole. The upper half of the visual field is repres in the lower bank of the calcarin sulcus and the lower half of the visual field is repres in the upper bank. Damag to the visual cortex (which is suppli by the posterior cerebr artery) result in loss of conscious awar of vision in the contralater half of the visual field, a condit describ clinic as contralater homonym hemianopsia. Occasion in lesion of the primari visual cortex the foveal region may be unaffected, a condit known as macular sparing. primari visual area primary visual area trancred 2005 the primary visual area preprocesses from the visual fields of both eyes and is essential for the conscious perception of vision. structures: brodmann’s areas calcarine sulcus cortical areas cranial nerve exam fovea lateral geniculate nucleus neocortex - layer 4 occipital lobe optic n. (cn ii) optic radiation optic tract posterior cerebral a. retina sagittal - thal./midbrain visual fields visual system information: the primary visual cortex surrounds the calcarine sulcus on the medial surface of the occipital lobe, most of it being buried within the sulcus. it corresponds to brodmann's area 17 and is often referred to as the striate cortex because it contains a thin horizontal stripe of white matter (the stria of gennari) which is visible with the naked eye. this line is visible in the primary visual area in the cross-section sagittal - thal./midbrain. the primary visual cortex receives its major inputs from the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of the thalamus via the optic radiation (geniculocalcarine tract). these fibers terminate in a topographic manner in layer 4. (the stria of gennari is actually formed by the geniculocalcarine fibres passing through layer 4 en route to their sites of termination). the primary visual cortex of one hemisphere receives data (via the lgn) from the contralateral half of the visual field of both eyes. the fovea, the central region of the retina, has a disproportionately large representation in the posterior part of area 17, near the occipital pole. the upper half of the visual field is represented in the lower bank of the calcarine sulcus and the lower half of the visual field is represented in the upper bank. damage to the visual cortex (which is supplied by the posterior cerebral artery) results in loss of conscious awareness of vision in the contralateral half of the visual field, a condition described clinically as contralateral homonymous hemianopsia. occasionally in lesions of the primary visual cortex the foveal region may be unaffected, a condition known as macular sparing. Primary_Visual_Area ESSO:Primay_Motor_Area Primay_Motor_Area primay motor area Primay_Motor_Area ESSO:Primitive_Behavior Primitive_Behavior Bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior bancaud 1981 exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior primit behavior primitive behavior Primitive_Behavior ESSO:Prioceptive_Hallucination Prioceptive_Hallucination priocept hallucin prioceptive hallucination Prioceptive_Hallucination ESSO:Prioceptive_Illusion Prioceptive_Illusion priocept illus prioceptive illusion Prioceptive_Illusion ESSO:Probable_or_Possible_Epilepsy Probable_or_Possible_Epilepsy Fischer 2014 In the absenc of a seizur document by video-EEG record and typic for a person’ recurr unprovok seizures, there will be situat where a diagnosi of epilepsi remain uncertain. One approach to these ambigu would be to defin a condit call “probabl (or possible) epilepsy.”VI Such an approach has been adopt with other diseases, such as multipl sclerosi with the McDonald criteria, amyotroph later sclerosi with the El Escorial criteria, migraine, and vascular dementia. The ILAE Task Forc recogn the subtle, but important, differ between tell a patient that “you have probabl epilepsy” versus “you probabl have epilepsy.” In the absenc of secur information, the latter statement, or anoth statement simpli express uncertainty, seem a more straightforward assertion. Therefore, the Task Forc has not defin probabl epilepsi as a specif entity, but has left that possibl open for the future. fischer 2014 in the absence of a seizure documented by video-eeg recording and typical for a person’s recurrent unprovoked seizures, there will be situations where a diagnosis of epilepsy remains uncertain. one approach to these ambiguities would be to define a condition called “probable (or possible) epilepsy.”vi such an approach has been adopted with other diseases, such as multiple sclerosis with the mcdonald criteria, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with the el escorial criteria, migraine, and vascular dementia. the ilae task force recognized the subtle, but important, difference between telling a patient that “you have probable epilepsy” versus “you probably have epilepsy.” in the absence of secure information, the latter statement, or another statement simply expressing uncertainty, seemed a more straightforward assertion. therefore, the task force has not defined probable epilepsy as a specific entity, but has left that possibility open for the future. probabl or possibl epilepsi probable or possible epilepsy Probable_or_Possible_Epilepsy ESSO:Prodrome Prodrome Blume 2001 Prodrome: A preictal phenomenon. A subject or object clinic alter (e.g., ill-loc sensat or agitation) that herald the onset of an epilept seizur but doe not form part of it. blume 2001 prodrome: a preictal phenomenon. a subjective or objective clinical alteration (e.g., ill-localized sensation or agitation) that heralds the onset of an epileptic seizure but does not form part of it. prodrom prodrome Prodrome ESSO:Progressive_Disease_Course Progressive_Disease_Course Scheuermann 2009 Progress Diseas Course: A diseas cours that (a) doe not termin in a return to homeostasi and (b) would, absent intervention, involv an increas deviat from homeostasi Example: malign cancer progress diseas cours progressive disease course scheuermann 2009 progressive disease course: a disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, involve an increasing deviation from homeostasis example: malignant cancer Progressive_Disease_Course ESSO:Progressive_Encephalopathy_With_Edema_Hypsarrhythmia_And_Optic_Atrophy_PEHO_Syndrome Progressive_Encephalopathy_With_Edema_Hypsarrhythmia_And_Optic_Atrophy_PEHO_Syndrome Engel 2001 PEHO syndrom engel 2001 peho syndrome progress encephalopathi with edema hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophi p e h o syndrom progressive encephalopathy with edema hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy p e h o syndrome Progressive_Encephalopathy_With_Edema_Hypsarrhythmia_And_Optic_Atrophy_PEHO_Syndrome ESSO:Progressive_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_PME Progressive_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_PME Engel 2001 Progress Myoclonus Epilepsi ILAE 2010 Progress Myoclonus Epilepsi (PME) engel 2001 progressive myoclonus epilepsies ilae 2010 progressive myoclonus epilepsies (pme) progress myoclon epilepsi p m e progressive myoclonic epilepsy p m e Progressive_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_PME ESSO:Projected_Pattern Projected_Pattern project pattern projected pattern Projected_Pattern ESSO:Prophylactic_Factor Prophylactic_Factor ILAE 1989 Prevention/prophylaxi 2003 Blume Adequat nutrit folic acid supplement (4-5mg/d) in ani sexual activ woman of childbear age Quit smoke alpha-fetoprotein screening, ultrasonographi 16-18 week gestat 10-20 mg fit K PO in last month of pregnanc 2011 provid inform need for prevent 2014 Fischer A practic definit allow earlier diagnosi will be especi use for prevent of unnecessari risk of physic injuri or social consequ result from recurr seizur in patient deem to be suscept to a high risk for recurrence. The revis definit also provid an expand opportun for disease-modifi intervent that prevent the progress of epilepsi and onset of comorbidities. ilae 1989 prevention/prophylaxis 2003 blume adequate nutrition folic acid supplementation (4-5mg/d) in any sexually active woman of childbearing age quit smoking alpha-fetoprotein screening, ultrasonography 16-18 weeks gestation 10-20 mg fit k po in last month of pregnancy 2011 provide information needed for prevention 2014 fischer a practical definition allowing earlier diagnosis will be especially useful for prevention of unnecessary risks of physical injuries or social consequences resulting from recurrent seizures in patients deemed to be susceptible to a high risk for recurrence. the revised definition also provides an expanded opportunity for disease-modifying interventions that prevent the progression of epilepsy and onset of comorbidities. prophylact factor prophylactic factor Prophylactic_Factor ESSO:Propioception_Abnormal Propioception_Abnormal Bancaud 1981 Disord of priopriocept or spatial perception. bancaud 1981 disorder of prioprioception or spatial perception. propiocept abnorm propioception abnormal Propioception_Abnormal ESSO:Propioception_Normal Propioception_Normal propiocept normal propioception normal Propioception_Normal ESSO:Proprioceptive Proprioceptive Engel 2001 Propiocept engel 2001 propioceptive propriocept proprioceptive Proprioceptive ESSO:Provocative_Factor Provocative_Factor Bancaud 1981 Blume 2001 Provoc Factor Noun: Transient and sporad endogen or exogen element capabl of augment seizur incid in person with chronic epilepsi and evok seizur in suscept individu without epilepsy. bancaud 1981 blume 2001 provocative factor noun: transient and sporadic endogenous or exogenous element capable of augmenting seizure incidence in persons with chronic epilepsy and evoking seizures in susceptible individuals without epilepsy. provoc factor provocative factor Provocative_Factor ESSO:Proximal Proximal proxim proximal Proximal ESSO:Proximal_Limb Proximal_Limb Blume 2001 Proxim Limb: Signifi involv from shoulder to wrist, hip to ankle. blume 2001 proximal limb: signifies involvement from shoulders to wrist, hip to ankle. proxim limb proximal limb Proximal_Limb ESSO:Psychiatric_Co-Morbidty Psychiatric_Co-Morbidty psychiatr co- morbidti psychiatric co- morbidty Psychiatric_Co-Morbidty ESSO:Psychiatric_Disease Psychiatric_Disease psychiatr diseas psychiatric disease Psychiatric_Disease ESSO:Psychic_Aura_Status Psychic_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Psychic Aura Psychic aura consist of complex hallucin and illus that usual affect differ senses. The most typic exampl are distort of familiarity, such as sensat of déjà vu or jamai vu. Frequent these sensat may be associ with emot alterations, such as fear. In addition, they may occur togeth with complex visual, auditori or other hallucin and illusions, includ visual hallucin such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 psychic aura psychic auras consist of complex hallucinations and illusions that usually affect different senses. the most typical examples are distortions of familiarity, such as sensations of déjà vu or jamais vu. frequently these sensations may be associated with emotional alterations, such as fear. in addition, they may occur together with complex visual, auditory or other hallucinations and illusions, including visual hallucinations such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. psychic aura status Psychic_Aura_Status ESSO:Psychic_Symptom Psychic_Symptom Bancaud 1981 With Psychic Symptom that usual occur with impair of consciousness. bancaud 1981 with psychic symptoms that usually occur with impairment of consciousness. psychic symptom Psychic_Symptom ESSO:Psychosis Psychosis Blume 2001 Psychosis: Misinterpret of extern world in an awake, alert person; involv thought disord of emot and socialization. blume 2001 psychosis: misinterpretation of external world in an awake, alert person; involves thought disorder of emotion and socialization. psychosi psychosis Psychosis ESSO:Pulse Pulse puls pulse Pulse ESSO:Pupillary_Dilation Pupillary_Dilation Bancaud 1981 Pupil dilat bancaud 1981 pupil dilation pupillari dilat pupillary dilation Pupillary_Dilation ESSO:Pupils Pupils pupil pupils Pupils ESSO:Pursing Pursing purs pursing Pursing ESSO:Pyknolepsy Pyknolepsy d0000749 pyknolepsi pyknolepsy Pyknolepsy ESSO:Pyramidal_Signs Pyramidal_Signs pyramid sign pyramidal signs Pyramidal_Signs ESSO:Pyridoxine_Dependency Pyridoxine_Dependency ILAE 1989 Pyridoxin depend is manifest by seizur that have no suggest characteristics, but this condit must alway be suspect sinc therapeut intervent is possible. Engel 2001 Pyridoxin depend ilae 1989 pyridoxine dependency is manifested by seizures that have no suggestive characteristics, but this condition must always be suspected since therapeutic intervention is possible. engel 2001 pyridoxine dependency pyridoxin depend pyridoxine dependency Pyridoxine_Dependency ESSO:Pyruvate_Metabolism_Abnormality Pyruvate_Metabolism_Abnormality d0000752 pyruv metabol abnorm pyruvate metabolism abnormality Pyruvate_Metabolism_Abnormality ESSO:Quantity Quantity Noachter 1999 Quantity: Amount of EEG activ with respect to both number and amplitud of waves. noachter 1999 quantity: amount of eeg activity with respect to both number and amplitude of waves. quantiti quantity Quantity ESSO:Quasiperiodic Quasiperiodic Noachter 1999 Quasiperiodic: Appli to EEG wave or complex that occur at interv and onli approach regularity. noachter 1999 quasiperiodic: applies to eeg waves or complexes that occur at intervals and only approach regularity. quasiperiod quasiperiodic Quasiperiodic ESSO:REM_Atonia REM_Atonia Noachter 1999 REM Atonia: Reduct of tonic muscl activ dure REM sleep. noachter 1999 rem atonia: reduction of tonic muscle activity during rem sleep. r e m atonia REM_Atonia ESSO:REM_Sleep REM_Sleep Noachter 1999 REM: Rapid eye movements. Noachter 1999 REM Sleep: Sleep stage character by low amplitud mix frequenc EEG activity, episod burst of predomin horizont rapid eye movement (REM) and reduct of axial tonic muscl activity; frequent associ with dreams; phasic muscl activity, saw-tooth wave and chang in respir may occur. Synonym: paradox sleep, desynchron sleep, dream sleep (use of term discouraged) (see activ sleep, non-REM sleep). noachter 1999 rem: rapid eye movements. noachter 1999 rem sleep: sleep stage characterized by low amplitude mixed frequency eeg activity, episodic bursts of predominantly horizontal rapid eye movements (rem) and reduction of axial tonic muscle activity; frequently associated with dreams; phasic muscle activity, saw-tooth waves and changes in respiration may occur. synonym: paradoxical sleep, desynchronized sleep, dream sleep (use of terms discouraged) (see active sleep, non-rem sleep). r e m sleep REM_Sleep ESSO:Rage Rage Bancaud 1981 Anger or rage is occassion experienced, but unlik temper tantrums, epilept anger is appar unprovoked, and abat rapidly. bancaud 1981 anger or rage is occassionally experienced, but unlike temper tantrums, epileptic anger is apparently unprovoked, and abates rapidly. rage Rage ESSO:Ramsay-Hunt_Syndrome Ramsay-Hunt_Syndrome d0000755 ramsay- hunt syndrom ramsay- hunt syndrome Ramsay-Hunt_Syndrome ESSO:Ramsay_Hunt_Syndrome_I Ramsay_Hunt_Syndrome_I ILAE 1989 Dyssynergia cerebellari myoclonia (DCM) with epilepsi (Ramsay-Hunt syndrome) appear between the age of 6 and 20 year (mean 11 years) with myoclonia or GTCS. Above all, the myoclon syndrom is character by action and intent myoclonus. The GTCS are rare and sensit to therapy. Mental deterioration, when present, is slow. Most of the neurolog manifest are limit to cerebellar signs. In the EEG, the background activ remain normal, with general paroxysm abnorm (spikes, spike-waves, and polyspike-waves), and photosensitivity. Dure REM sleep, rapid polyspik appear, local in the central and vertex regions. ilae 1989 dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonia (dcm) with epilepsy (ramsay-hunt syndrome) appears between the ages of 6 and 20 years (mean 11 years) with myoclonias or gtcs. above all, the myoclonic syndrome is characterized by action and intention myoclonus. the gtcs are rare and sensitive to therapy. mental deterioration, when present, is slow. most of the neurologic manifestations are limited to cerebellar signs. in the eeg, the background activity remains normal, with generalized paroxysmal abnormalities (spikes, spike-waves, and polyspike-waves), and photosensitivity. during rem sleep, rapid polyspikes appear, localized in the central and vertex regions. ramsay hunt syndrom i ramsay hunt syndrome i Ramsay_Hunt_Syndrome_I ESSO:Random Random random Random ESSO:Rapid_Eye_Movement Rapid_Eye_Movement rapid eye movement Rapid_Eye_Movement ESSO:Rapid_Eye_Movement_Horizontal Rapid_Eye_Movement_Horizontal rapid eye movement horizont rapid eye movement horizontal Rapid_Eye_Movement_Horizontal ESSO:Rapid_Eye_Movement_Vertical Rapid_Eye_Movement_Vertical rapid eye movement vertic rapid eye movement vertical Rapid_Eye_Movement_Vertical ESSO:Reactive_Factor Reactive_Factor Blume 2001 Reactive: Occur in associ with transient system perturb such as intercurr illness, sleep loss, or emot stress. blume 2001 reactive: occurring in association with transient systemic perturbation such as intercurrent illness, sleep loss, or emotional stress. reactiv factor reactive factor Reactive_Factor ESSO:Reading Reading Engel 2001 Read engel 2001 reading read reading Reading ESSO:Reality_Sensation Reality_Sensation realiti sensat reality sensation Reality_Sensation ESSO:Receptive_Speech_Area Receptive_Speech_Area Trancr 2005 The Recept Speech (Wernicke’s) Area is involv in the comprehens of spoken and written language. Structures: Brodmann’ Area Middl Cerebr a. Motor Speech (Broca's) Area Planum Temporal Superior Tempor Gyrus Tempor Lobe Information: The recept speech area (also known as Wernick area) is locat in the tempor lobe of the domin hemisphere, main on the planum temporal and superior tempor gyrus in Brodmann area 21 and 22. Clinic evid indic that it is involv in the comprehens of both spoken and written language. In patient with lesion in this area, spontan speech sound fluent with good articul but the patient use inappropri word in the wrong sequence. They are usual not awar of this disabl becaus their abil to comprehend their own language, as well as that produc by others, is impaired. This condition, known common as Wernick aphasia, usual occur as a result of occlus or ruptur of the middl cerebr arteri or it branches. Damag to both the recept and motor speech area result in a condit known as global aphasia in which both the product and comprehens of languag is impaired. recept speech area receptive speech area trancred 2005 the receptive speech (wernicke’s) area is involved in the comprehension of spoken and written language. structures: brodmann’s areas middle cerebral a. motor speech (broca's) area planum temporale superior temporal gyrus temporal lobe information: the receptive speech area (also known as wernicke's area) is located in the temporal lobe of the dominant hemisphere, mainly on the planum temporale and superior temporal gyrus in brodmann's areas 21 and 22. clinical evidence indicates that it is involved in the comprehension of both spoken and written language. in patients with lesions in this area, spontaneous speech sounds fluent with good articulation but the patient uses inappropriate words in the wrong sequence. they are usually not aware of this disability because their ability to comprehend their own language, as well as that produced by others, is impaired. this condition, known commonly as wernicke's aphasia, usually occurs as a result of occlusion or rupture of the middle cerebral artery or its branches. damage to both the receptive and motor speech areas results in a condition known as global aphasia in which both the production and comprehension of language is impaired. Receptive_Speech_Area ESSO:Recurrence Recurrence Fischer 2014 Recurr risk is a function of time, such that the longer the time sinc the last seizure, the lower the risk. Otherwise, the Task Forc did not agre on a specif interv of time between seizur that would “reset the clock” for count an event as a second seizure. A rational for set such an interv might emerg from futur research. Recurr risk depend on the type of epilepsy, age, syndrome, etiology, treatment, and mani other factors. The risk of seizur recurr after unprovok seizur diminish with time, although the risk may never reach level for normal individu who have not had a prior seizure.Most relaps are early. After a singl unprovok seizure, 80%14,17 to 90%25 of those who had a second did so within 2 years. In one study,5 after a second unprovok seizure, subsequ seizur occur within 4 years, but none in the ensu 3 years, suggest that the risk may not be zero but is low. The Nation Gener Practic Studi of Epilepsi in the Unite Kingdom14 identifi a 3-year recurr risk of 44% after a seizure-fre period of 6 months, 32% after 12 months,and 17% after 18 months. No adequ data are avail on seizur recurr risk after be seizure-fre and off medic for extend period of time. Delay relaps are rare after 5 years. By 10 year off antiseizur medicines, the annual risk for seizur probabl is veri low. fischer 2014 recurrence risk is a function of time, such that the longer the time since the last seizure, the lower the risk. otherwise, the task force did not agree on a specific interval of time between seizures that would “reset the clock” for counting an event as a second seizure. a rationale for setting such an interval might emerge from future research. recurrence risk depends on the type of epilepsy, age, syndrome, etiology, treatment, and many other factors. the risk of seizure recurrence after unprovoked seizures diminishes with time, although the risk may never reach levels for normal individuals who have not had a prior seizure.most relapses are early. after a single unprovoked seizure, 80%14,17 to 90%25 of those who had a second did so within 2 years. in one study,5 after a second unprovoked seizure, subsequent seizures occurred within 4 years, but none in the ensuing 3 years, suggesting that the risk may not be zero but is low. the national general practice study of epilepsy in the united kingdom14 identified a 3-year recurrence risk of 44% after a seizure-free period of 6 months, 32% after 12 months,and 17% after 18 months. no adequate data are available on seizure recurrence risk after being seizure-free and off medication for extended periods of time. delayed relapses are rare after 5 years. by 10 years off antiseizure medicines, the annual risk for seizures probably is very low. recurr recurrence Recurrence ESSO:Recurrence_Risk Recurrence_Risk recurr risk recurrence risk Recurrence_Risk ESSO:Reflex_Factor Reflex_Factor Bancaud 1981 Sensori factor also known as Reflex Seizur Blume 2001 Reflex: Objectiv and consist demonstr to be evok by a specif affer stimulus or by activ of the patient. Afferent stimuli can be elementari [i.e., unstructur (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elabor [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. Activiti may be elementari [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elabor [e.g., cognit function (reading, chess playing)], or both (read aloud). Engel 2001 Precipit stimuli for reflex seizures. bancaud 1981 sensory factors also known as reflex seizures blume 2001 reflex: objectively and consistently demonstrated to be evoked by a specific afferent stimulus or by activity of the patient. afferent stimuli can be elementary [i.e., unstructured (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elaborate [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. activity may be elementary [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elaborate [e.g., cognitive function (reading, chess playing)], or both (reading aloud). engel 2001 precipitating stimuli for reflex seizures. reflex factor Reflex_Factor ESSO:Reflex_Status Reflex_Status reflex status Reflex_Status ESSO:Regional Regional Noachter 1999 Regional: EEG activ that is limit to a region of the scalp or record in 3 or more electrod in intracrani record (see focal, multiregional). noachter 1999 regional: eeg activity that is limited to a region of the scalp or recorded in 3 or more electrodes in intracranial recordings (see focal, multiregional). region regional Regional ESSO:Regional_Semiology Regional_Semiology region semiolog regional semiology Regional_Semiology ESSO:Regular_Occurrence Regular_Occurrence Blume 2001 Regular: Consistentor predict interv between such events. blume 2001 regular: consistentor predictable intervals between such events. regular occurr regular occurrence Regular_Occurrence ESSO:Regular_Period Regular_Period Bancaud 1981 Regular Blume 2001 Regular: Consistentor predict interv between such events. Noachter 1999 Regular: Appli to wave or complex of approxim constant period and relat uniform appearance. bancaud 1981 regular blume 2001 regular: consistentor predictable intervals between such events. noachter 1999 regular: applies to waves or complexes of approximately constant period and relatively uniform appearance. regular period Regular_Period ESSO:Rejection Rejection Bancaud 1981 Feel of reject bancaud 1981 feelings of rejection reject rejection Rejection ESSO:Relapse Relapse Better and now sick again Poor prognosi and slow progress better and now sick again poor prognosis and slow progression relaps relapse Relapse ESSO:Relapsing_Remitting Relapsing_Remitting Remit: someon get better Relapse: Get wors Repeat relaps remit relapsing remitting remit: someone gets better relapse: get worse repeats Relapsing_Remitting ESSO:Relaxation Relaxation Bancaud 1981 Relax of the grip Muscl relax bancaud 1981 relaxation of the grip muscles relax relax relaxation Relaxation ESSO:Relaxed Relaxed relax relaxed Relaxed ESSO:Remission Remission Fischer 2014 Some author consid epilepsi to be present, but in remission, after 5 year of seizur freedom Medic literatur use the term “remission” to impli an abey of a disease, but this term is not well-understood by the public, and remiss doe not convey absenc of the disease. fischer 2014 some authorities consider epilepsy to be present, but in remission, after 5 years of seizure freedom medical literature uses the term “remission” to imply an abeyance of a disease, but this term is not well-understood by the public, and remission does not convey absence of the disease. remiss remission Remission ESSO:Repetitive Repetitive Bancaud 1981 Repetit bancaud 1981 repetitive repetit repetitive Repetitive ESSO:Resistant_to_Therapy Resistant_to_Therapy resist to therapi resistant to therapy Resistant_to_Therapy ESSO:Resolved Resolved Fischer 2014 Epilepsi is consid to be resolv for individu who either had an agedepend epilepsi syndrom but are now past the applic age or who have remain seizure-fre for the last 10 year and off antiseizur medicin for at least the last 5 years. “Resolved” is not necessarili ident to the convent view of “remiss or “cure.” Differ practic definit may be form and use for various specif purposes. This revis definit of epilepsi bring the term in concord with common use. The Task Forc therefor adopt the phrase “resolved.”III When epilepsi is resolved, it impli that the person no longer has epilepsy, although it doe not guarante that it will not return. The Task Forc chose to defin epilepsi as be resolv for individu who had an age-depend epilepsi syndrom but are now past the applic age or those who have remain seizure-fre for the last 10 years, with no seizur medicin for the last 5 years. fischer 2014 epilepsy is considered to be resolved for individuals who either had an agedependent epilepsy syndrome but are now past the applicable age or who have remained seizure-free for the last 10 years and off antiseizure medicines for at least the last 5 years. “resolved” is not necessarily identical to the conventional view of “remission or “cure.” different practical definitions may be formed and used for various specific purposes. this revised definition of epilepsy brings the term in concordance with common use. the task force therefore adopted the phrase “resolved.”iii when epilepsy is resolved, it implies that the person no longer has epilepsy, although it does not guarantee that it will not return. the task force chose to define epilepsy as being resolved for individuals who had an age-dependent epilepsy syndrome but are now past the applicable age or those who have remained seizure-free for the last 10 years, with no seizure medicines for the last 5 years. resolv resolved Resolved ESSO:Respiration_Arrest Respiration_Arrest Bancaud 1981 Stop the movement of respir bancaud 1981 stops the movements of respiration respir arrest respiration arrest Respiration_Arrest ESSO:Respiration_Changes Respiration_Changes respir chang respiration changes Respiration_Changes ESSO:Respiratory_Rate Respiratory_Rate respiratori rate respiratory rate Respiratory_Rate ESSO:Respiratory_Sign Respiratory_Sign respiratori sign respiratory sign Respiratory_Sign ESSO:Responsive_to_External_Stimuli Responsive_to_External_Stimuli respons to extern stimuli responsive to external stimuli Responsive_to_External_Stimuli ESSO:Responsiveness Responsiveness Bancaud 1981 Abiliti of the patient to carri out simpl command or will movement bancaud 1981 ability of the patient to carry out simple commands or willed movement respons responsiveness Responsiveness ESSO:Retardation_in_Psychomotor_Development Retardation_in_Psychomotor_Development Retard in Psychomotor Develop = Intellectu disabl + Motor Disabl retard in psychomotor develop retardation in psychomotor development retardation in psychomotor development = intellectual disability + motor disability Retardation_in_Psychomotor_Development ESSO:Retinal_Lacunae Retinal_Lacunae retin lacuna retinal lacunae Retinal_Lacunae ESSO:Retrograde_Amnesia Retrograde_Amnesia Blume 2001 Retrograd Amnesia: Impair abil to recal previous rememb material. blume 2001 retrograde amnesia: impaired ability to recall previously remembered material. retrograd amnesia retrograde amnesia Retrograde_Amnesia ESSO:Review_of_Systems Review_of_Systems ILAE 1989 Psychologic: behavioral, cognit disturb Psychomotor disturb ilae 1989 psychologic: behavioral, cognitive disturbance psychomotor disturbance review of system review of systems Review_of_Systems ESSO:Rhinoencephalic_Seizures Rhinoencephalic_Seizures d0000762 rhinoencephal seizur rhinoencephalic seizures Rhinoencephalic_Seizures ESSO:Rhythm Rhythm Noachter 1999 Rhythm: EEG activ consist of wave of approxim constant period. noachter 1999 rhythm: eeg activity consisting of waves of approximately constant period. rhythm Rhythm ESSO:Rhythm_Of_A_Semiologic_Seizure Rhythm_Of_A_Semiologic_Seizure rhythm of a semiolog seizur rhythm of a semiologic seizure Rhythm_Of_A_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Rhythm_of_Alpha_Frequency Rhythm_of_Alpha_Frequency Noachter 1999 Rhythm of Alpha Frequency: (1) In general: ani rhythm in the alpha band. (2) Specifically: term should be use to design those activ in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regard their topographi and/or reactiv and do not have specif appel (such as mu rhythm) (see alpha rhythm). noachter 1999 rhythm of alpha frequency: (1) in general: any rhythm in the alpha band. (2) specifically: term should be used to designate those activities in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regards their topography and/or reactivity and do not have specific appellations (such as mu rhythm) (see alpha rhythm). rhythm of alpha frequenc rhythm of alpha frequency Rhythm_of_Alpha_Frequency ESSO:Rhythmic_Period Rhythmic_Period bancaud 1981 rhythmic rhythmic period Rhythmic_Period ESSO:Rhythmic_Temporal_Theta_Burst_of_Drowsiness Rhythmic_Temporal_Theta_Burst_of_Drowsiness Noachter 1999 Rhythmic Tempor Theta Burst of Drowsiness: Characterist burst of 4-7 Hz wave frequent notch by faster waves, occur over the tempor region of the head dure drowsiness. Synonym: psychomotor variant pattern (use discouraged). Comment: this is a pattern of drowsi that is of no clinic significance. noachter 1999 rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness: characteristic burst of 4-7 hz waves frequently notched by faster waves, occurring over the temporal regions of the head during drowsiness. synonym: psychomotor variant pattern (use discouraged). comment: this is a pattern of drowsiness that is of no clinical significance. rhythmic tempor theta burst of drowsi rhythmic temporal theta burst of drowsiness Rhythmic_Temporal_Theta_Burst_of_Drowsiness ESSO:Right Right Luder 1998 Right The term left and right refer strict to the somatotop local of the symptoms, not the brain region. luders 1998 right the terms left and right refer strictly to the somatotopic localization of the symptoms, not the brain region. right Right ESSO:Right_Anterior_Quadrant Right_Anterior_Quadrant right anterior quadrant Right_Anterior_Quadrant ESSO:Right_Frontal_Epilepsy Right_Frontal_Epilepsy d0000764 right frontal epilepsi right frontal epilepsy Right_Frontal_Epilepsy ESSO:Right_Hemisphere Right_Hemisphere Luder 1998 Right hemispheric. Certain sign may identifi the hemispher of origin of a seizure. These sign includ dyston postur dure a complex motor seizure, preserv of conscious dure an automotor seizure, ictal speech dure an automotor seizure, postict aphasia, and so on. The presenc of ani of these sign strong suggest the hemispher of origin of a seizure. This local inform is includ in the classif by use the modifi “left or right hemispheric.” These modifi can be use to describ the seizur mark by superscript b in Tabl 1. Example: A dialept seizur preced by an abdomin aura and follow by post ictal aphasia should be classifi (if the patient is left-hemispher domin for language) as abdomin aura → left hemispher dialept seizure. An automotor seizur in which there is no loss of conscious and which is associ with dyston postur of the left hand and arm should be classifi as a right hemispher automotor seizure. luders 1998 right hemispheric. certain signs may identify the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. these signs include dystonic posturing during a complex motor seizure, preservation of consciousness during an automotor seizure, ictal speech during an automotor seizure, postictal aphasia, and so on. the presence of any of these signs strongly suggests the hemisphere of origin of a seizure. this localizing information is included in the classification by using the modifiers “left or right hemispheric.” these modifiers can be used to describe the seizures marked by superscript b in table 1. example: a dialeptic seizure preceded by an abdominal aura and followed by post ictal aphasia should be classified (if the patient is left-hemisphere dominant for language) as abdominal aura → left hemispheric dialeptic seizure. an automotor seizure in which there is no loss of consciousness and which is associated with dystonic posturing of the left hand and arm should be classified as a right hemispheric automotor seizure. right hemispher right hemisphere Right_Hemisphere ESSO:Right_Posterior_Quadrant Right_Posterior_Quadrant right posterior quadrant Right_Posterior_Quadrant ESSO:Rigid Rigid Bancaud 1981 Rigid, violent muscular contract bancaud 1981 rigid, violent muscular contraction rigid Rigid ESSO:Ring_20_Chromosome Ring_20_Chromosome Engel 2001 Ring 20 chromosom engel 2001 ring 20 chromosome ring 20 chromosom ring 20 chromosome Ring_20_Chromosome ESSO:Rising_Feeling Rising_Feeling Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 rise feel rising feeling Rising_Feeling ESSO:Rolandic_Area Rolandic_Area roland area rolandic area Rolandic_Area ESSO:Rolandic_Epilepsy Rolandic_Epilepsy d0000767 roland epilepsi rolandic epilepsy Rolandic_Epilepsy ESSO:Rolandic_Partial_Epilepsy Rolandic_Partial_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Roland Partial Epilepsi ilae 1989 rolandic partial epilepsy roland partial epilepsi rolandic partial epilepsy Rolandic_Partial_Epilepsy ESSO:Rotational_Horizontal Rotational_Horizontal Bancaud 1981 Rotat Horizont bancaud 1981 rotational horizontal rotat horizont rotational horizontal Rotational_Horizontal ESSO:Rotational_Vertical Rotational_Vertical Bancaud 1981 Rotat Vertic bancaud 1981 rotational vertical rotat vertic rotational vertical Rotational_Vertical ESSO:Rotatory Rotatory rotatori rotatory Rotatory ESSO:Rubbing Rubbing Bancaud 1981 If spoken to, the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voic and then touch or tickl may rub the site. bancaud 1981 if spoken to, the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voice and then touched or tickled may rub the site. rubbing Rubbing ESSO:Rushing_Noise Rushing_Noise Bancaud 1981 Rush Nois bancaud 1981 rushing noises rush nois rushing noise Rushing_Noise ESSO:SCN1A_Gene SCN1A_Gene s c n1 a gene SCN1A_Gene ESSO:SCN2A_Gene SCN2A_Gene s c n2 a gene SCN2A_Gene ESSO:SCN8A_Gene SCN8A_Gene s c n8 a gene SCN8A_Gene ESSO:SCN9A_Gene SCN9A_Gene s c n9 a gene SCN9A_Gene ESSO:SIK1_Gene SIK1_Gene s i k1 gene SIK1_Gene ESSO:SLC13A5_Gene SLC13A5_Gene s l c13 a5 gene SLC13A5_Gene ESSO:SLC25A22_Gene SLC25A22_Gene s l c25 a22 gene SLC25A22_Gene ESSO:SLC35A2_Gene SLC35A2_Gene s l c35 a2 gene SLC35A2_Gene ESSO:SLCA1_Gene SLCA1_Gene s l c a1 gene SLCA1_Gene ESSO:SPTAN1_Gene SPTAN1_Gene s p t a n1 gene SPTAN1_Gene ESSO:ST3GAL3_Gene ST3GAL3_Gene s t3 g a l3 gene ST3GAL3_Gene ESSO:STXBP1_Gene STXBP1_Gene s t x b p1 gene STXBP1_Gene ESSO:SUDEP_Sudden_Unexpected_Death_in_Epilepsy SUDEP_Sudden_Unexpected_Death_in_Epilepsy s u d e p sudden unexpect death in epilepsi s u d e p sudden unexpected death in epilepsy SUDEP_Sudden_Unexpected_Death_in_Epilepsy ESSO:SZT2_Gene SZT2_Gene s z t2 gene SZT2_Gene ESSO:Saccadic_Eye_Movement Saccadic_Eye_Movement saccad eye movement saccadic eye movement Saccadic_Eye_Movement ESSO:Sadness Sadness sadness Sadness ESSO:Salaam_Posturing Salaam_Posturing salaam postur salaam posturing Salaam_Posturing ESSO:Salivation Salivation bancaud 1981 saliva may froth from the mouth saliv salivation Salivation ESSO:Salty_Taste Salty_Taste Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. salti tast salty taste Salty_Taste ESSO:Salty_Taste_Hallucination Salty_Taste_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Salti Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 salty blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. salti tast hallucin salty taste hallucination Salty_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Santuavori_Hatia_Hagberg_Disease Santuavori_Hatia_Hagberg_Disease ILAE 1989 Another type of metabol error is earli infantil type of ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Santuavori Haltia Hagberg disease). Massiv myoclonus begin between the age of 5 and 18 months, with a high suggest EEG pattern of vanish EEG. ilae 1989 another type of metabolic error is early infantile type of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (santuavori haltia hagberg disease). massive myoclonus begins between the ages of 5 and 18 months, with a highly suggestive eeg pattern of vanishing eeg. santuavori hatia hagberg diseas santuavori hatia hagberg disease Santuavori_Hatia_Hagberg_Disease ESSO:Saw-Tooth_Wave Saw-Tooth_Wave Noachter 1999 Saw Tooth Waves: Vertex negat 2-5 Hz wave occur in seri dure REM sleep. noachter 1999 saw tooth waves: vertex negative 2-5 hz waves occurring in series during rem sleep. saw- tooth wave Saw-Tooth_Wave ESSO:Saw-Toothed_Bursts Saw-Toothed_Bursts Noachter 1999 Saw Tooth Bursts: Tempor sharp transient in preterm infant occur in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic wave at 4-8 Hz, often with high voltag (100-200 uV). Synonym: prematur tempor theta. noachter 1999 saw toothed bursts: temporal sharp transients in preterm infants occurring in burst of 3-8 sharp, rhythmic waves at 4-8 hz, often with high voltage (100-200 uv). synonym: premature temporal theta. saw- tooth burst saw- toothed bursts Saw-Toothed_Bursts ESSO:Scalp_EEG Scalp_EEG scalp e e g Scalp_EEG ESSO:Scenery_Hallucination Scenery_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Scene bancaud 1981 scenes sceneri hallucin scenery hallucination Scenery_Hallucination ESSO:Scratching Scratching Bancaud 1981 Scratch bancaud 1981 scratching scratch scratching Scratching ESSO:Secondary_Bilateral_Synchrony Secondary_Bilateral_Synchrony Noachter 1999 Secondari Bilater Synchrony: Spread of an initially/foc (regional) epileptiform discharg to becom generalized. Comment: secondari bilater synchroni frequent occur from midlin frontal generators. noachter 1999 secondary bilateral synchrony: spreading of an initially/focal (regional) epileptiform discharge to become generalized. comment: secondary bilateral synchrony frequently occurs from midline frontal generators. secondari bilater synchroni secondary bilateral synchrony Secondary_Bilateral_Synchrony ESSO:Secondary_Generalization Secondary_Generalization Gastaut 1970 Gener secondarili Noachter 1999 Generalization: Propag of EEG activ from limit area to all region of the head. Engel 2001 Secondarili Gener Seizur gastaut 1970 generalized secondarily noachter 1999 generalization: propagation of eeg activity from limited areas to all regions of the head. engel 2001 secondarily generalized seizures secondari general secondary generalization Secondary_Generalization ESSO:Segmental Segmental segment segmental Segmental ESSO:Seizure_Descriptors Seizure_Descriptors Blume 2001 The follow term are list in the form (adjective, noun, verb) accord to princip usage; as adject unless specified. blume 2001 the following terms are listed in the form (adjective, noun, verb) according to principal usage; as adjective unless specified. seizur descriptor seizure descriptors Seizure_Descriptors ESSO:Seizure_Factor Seizure_Factor 1970 Gastaut Clinic seizur type 1970 gastaut clinical seizure type seizur factor seizure factor Seizure_Factor ESSO:Seizure_Frequency Seizure_Frequency How often a seizur occur in a month or year how often a seizure occurs in a month or year seizur frequenc seizure frequency Seizure_Frequency ESSO:Seizure_Wave_Property Seizure_Wave_Property seizur wave properti seizure wave property Seizure_Wave_Property ESSO:Selection Selection Blume 2001 Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech select selection Selection ESSO:Semiologic_plus_Testing Semiologic_plus_Testing bancaud 1981 semiolog plus test semiologic plus testing Semiologic_plus_Testing ESSO:Semiology Semiology Engel 2001 The 1981 Classif of Epilept Seizur also has been critic becaus it is not pure semiologic; post hoc etiolog inform and EEG data are often requir to use it properly, and the dichotomi of “partial” versus “generalized” beli a need to avoid anatom implications. The Task Forc believ that a pure descript phenomenolog approach to defin ictal semiolog has definit clinic value, and the new diagnost scheme propos here includ a modif of a previous propos classif of ictal phenomenology, as an option that can be use in detail where appropriate. engel 2001 the 1981 classification of epileptic seizures also has been criticized because it is not purely semiologic; post hoc etiologic information and eeg data are often required to use it properly, and the dichotomy of “partial” versus “generalized” belies a need to avoid anatomic implications. the task force believes that a purely descriptive phenomenologic approach to defining ictal semiology has definite clinical value, and the new diagnostic scheme proposed here includes a modification of a previously proposed classification of ictal phenomenology, as an option that can be used in detail where appropriate. semiolog semiology Semiology ESSO:Semiology_2 Semiology_2 semiolog 2 semiology 2 Semiology_2 ESSO:Semiology_Modifier Semiology_Modifier semiolog modifi semiology modifier Semiology_Modifier ESSO:Semiperiodical Semiperiodical semiperiod semiperiodical Semiperiodical ESSO:Sensation_of_Unreality Sensation_of_Unreality Bancaud 1981 Distort of the time sens bancaud 1981 distortions of the time sense sensat of unreal sensation of unreality Sensation_of_Unreality ESSO:Sense_of_Movement Sense_of_Movement Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. sens of movement sense of movement Sense_of_Movement ESSO:Sensitive_to_Touch Sensitive_to_Touch sensit to touch sensitive to touch Sensitive_to_Touch ESSO:Sensory_Factor Sensory_Factor Bancaud 1981 Sensori factor also known as Reflex Seizur Blume 2001 Reflex: Objectiv and consist demonstr to be evok by a specif affer stimulus or by activ of the patient. Afferent stimuli can be elementari [i.e., unstructur (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elabor [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. Activiti may be elementari [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elabor [e.g., cognit function (reading, chess playing)], or both (read aloud). bancaud 1981 sensory factors also known as reflex seizures blume 2001 reflex: objectively and consistently demonstrated to be evoked by a specific afferent stimulus or by activity of the patient. afferent stimuli can be elementary [i.e., unstructured (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elaborate [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. activity may be elementary [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elaborate [e.g., cognitive function (reading, chess playing)], or both (reading aloud). sensori factor sensory factor Sensory_Factor ESSO:Septal_Area Septal_Area Trancr 2005 The Septal Area is associ with both the olfactori and limbic systems. When stimul it result in intens feel of pleasure. Structures: Amygdala Cerebrum Corpus Callosum Fornix Hippocampus Hypothalamus Interpeduncular Nucleus Lamina Terminali Limbic System Medial Forebrain Bundl Reticular Format Septum Pellucidum Stria Medullari Thalami Stria Terminali Information: The Septal Area is locat on the medial surfac of the cerebrum, ventral to the rostrum of the corpus callosum and anterior to lamina terminalis. It is form primarili by the subcallos gyrus togeth with a few cell which extend onto the septum pellucidum. The septal area is primarili associ with the limbic system, not the olfactori system as was previous thought. Afferent Connections: It receiv affer from the amygdala (via stria terminalis), hippocampus (via the fornix) and the reticular format of the brainstem (via the medial forebrain bundle). Efferent Connections: The largest effer project from the septal area is the stria medullari thalami which termin in the habenula. The habenula project to the interpeduncluar nucleus which in turn project to the autonom nuclei of the brainstem. The septal area also send a cholinerg project to the hippocampus via the fornix. Other effer from the septal area form the medial forebrain bundl which project to the hypothalamus and reticular format of the brainstem. Function: The septal area is the main pleasur and reward centr of the brain. Stimul of the septal area in human lead to intens feel of pleasure. Experiment in rat have demonstr it import as a reward centr - they will self stimul the septal area to the exclus of all other activities, even eat (they will even starv themselv to death). Abalat of the septal area has the opposit effect, extrem dispeasure, sometim call \"septal rage\". septal area trancred 2005 the septal area is associated with both the olfactory and limbic systems. when stimulated it results in intense feelings of pleasure. structures: amygdala cerebrum corpus callosum fornix hippocampus hypothalamus interpeduncular nucleus lamina terminalis limbic system medial forebrain bundle reticular formation septum pellucidum stria medullaris thalami stria terminalis information: the septal area is located on the medial surface of the cerebrum, ventral to the rostrum of the corpus callosum and anterior to lamina terminalis. it is formed primarily by the subcallosal gyrus together with a few cells which extend onto the septum pellucidum. the septal area is primarily associated with the limbic system, not the olfactory system as was previously thought. afferent connections: it receives afferents from the amygdala (via stria terminalis), hippocampus (via the fornix) and the reticular formation of the brainstem (via the medial forebrain bundle). efferent connections: the largest efferent projection from the septal area is the stria medullaris thalami which terminates in the habenula. the habenula projects to the interpeduncluar nucleus which in turn projects to the autonomic nuclei of the brainstem. the septal area also sends a cholinergic projection to the hippocampus via the fornix. other efferents from the septal area form the medial forebrain bundle which projects to the hypothalamus and reticular formation of the brainstem. function: the septal area is the main pleasure and reward centre of the brain. stimulation of the septal area in humans leads to intense feelings of pleasure. experiments in rats have demonstrated its importance as a reward centre - they will self stimulate the septal area to the exclusion of all other activities, even eating (they will even starve themselves to death). abalation of the septal area has the opposite effect, extreme dispeasure, sometimes called \"septal rage\". Septal_Area ESSO:Septum_Pellucidum Septum_Pellucidum Tancr 2005 The Septum Pellucidum is thin sheet of tissu which extend between the corpus callosum and the fornix, form a partit between the two later ventricles. It is compos of two layer of ependym tissu between which there are scatter group of neurons. The Septum Pellucidum form a partit between the two later ventricles. it is made up of ependyma and a few scatter group of neurons, which are associ with the limbic system. septum pellucidum tancred 2005 the septum pellucidum is thin sheet of tissue which extends between the corpus callosum and the fornix, forming a partition between the two lateral ventricles. it is composed of two layers of ependymal tissue between which there are scattered groups of neurons. the septum pellucidum forms a partition between the two lateral ventricles. it is made up of ependyma and a few scattered groups of neurons, which are associated with the limbic system. Septum_Pellucidum ESSO:Sequential Sequential sequenti sequential Sequential ESSO:Several_Times_A_Day Several_Times_A_Day sever time a day several times a day Several_Times_A_Day ESSO:Severe Severe sever severe Severe ESSO:Severe_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy Severe_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy ILAE 1989 Sever myoclon epilepsi in infanc Sever myoclon epilepsi in infanc is a recent defin syndrome. The characterist includ a famili histori of epilepsi or febril convulsions, normal develop befor onset, seizur begin dure the first year of life in the form of general or unilater febril clonic seizures, secondari appear of myoclon jerks, and often partial seizures. EEGs show general spike-wav and polyspike-waves, earli photosensitivity, and focal abnormalities. Psychomotor develop is retard from the second year of life on, and ataxia, pyramid signs, and interict myoclonus appear. This type of epilepsi is veri resist to all form of treatment. ilae 1989 severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy is a recently defined syndrome. the characteristics include a family history of epilepsy or febrile convulsions, normal development before onset, seizures beginning during the first year of life in the form of generalized or unilateral febrile clonic seizures, secondary appearance of myoclonic jerks, and often partial seizures. eegs show generalized spike-waves and polyspike-waves, early photosensitivity, and focal abnormalities. psychomotor development is retarded from the second year of life on, and ataxia, pyramidal signs, and interictal myoclonus appear. this type of epilepsy is very resistant to all forms of treatment. sever myoclon epilepsi in infanc severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy Severe_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy ESSO:Severe_Pain Severe_Pain sever pain severe pain Severe_Pain ESSO:Severity_Of_Semiologic_Seizure Severity_Of_Semiologic_Seizure Blume 2001 Severity: A multicompon assess of a seizur by observ and the patient. Compon primarili of observ assess includ duration, extent of motor involvement, impair of cognit interact with environ intra-ictally, maxim number of seizur per unit of time. Compon primarili of patient assessment: extent of injury; emotional, social, and vocat consequ of the attack. blume 2001 severity: a multicomponent assessment of a seizure by observers and the patient. components primarily of observer assessment include duration, extent of motor involvement, impairment of cognitive interaction with environment intra-ictally, maximal number of seizures per unit of time. components primarily of patient assessment: extent of injury; emotional, social, and vocational consequences of the attack. sever of semiolog seizur severity of semiologic seizure Severity_Of_Semiologic_Seizure ESSO:Sex Sex By most appropri genet design (e.g. XX, XY, etc). by most appropriate genetic designation (e.g. xx, xy, etc). Sex ESSO:Sharp_Pain Sharp_Pain sharp pain Sharp_Pain ESSO:Sharp_and_Slow_Wave_Complex Sharp_and_Slow_Wave_Complex sharp and slow wave complex Sharp_and_Slow_Wave_Complex ESSO:Shooting_Pain Shooting_Pain shoot pain shooting pain Shooting_Pain ESSO:Short_Seizure Short_Seizure bancaud 1981 short short seizur short seizure Short_Seizure ESSO:Sialidosis_with_Isolated_Deficit_in_Neuroamidinase Sialidosis_with_Isolated_Deficit_in_Neuroamidinase The clinic pictur for the cherri red spot myoclonus syndrom (sialidosi with isol deficit in neuraminidase) is veri similar to that of the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome, with myoclonus, photosensitivity, and cerebellar syndrome. Other characterist includ the near constant exist of amblyopia and presenc of a cherri red spot on fundoscop examination. The EEG is similar to that of DCM with the follow specif features: The polyspike-wav discharg alway correspond to a massiv myoclonus and there is no photosensit sialidosi with isol deficit in neuroamidinas sialidosis with isolated deficit in neuroamidinase the clinical picture for the cherry red spot myoclonus syndrome (sialidosis with isolated deficit in neuraminidase) is very similar to that of the ramsay-hunt syndrome, with myoclonus, photosensitivity, and cerebellar syndrome. other characteristics include the nearly constant existence of amblyopia and presence of a cherry red spot on fundoscopic examination. the eeg is similar to that of dcm with the following specific features: the polyspike-wave discharges always correspond to a massive myoclonus and there is no photosensitivity Sialidosis_with_Isolated_Deficit_in_Neuroamidinase ESSO:Side_Effect Side_Effect Bancaud 1981 side effect of medic bancaud 1981 side effects of medications side effect Side_Effect ESSO:Sight Sight sight Sight ESSO:Sign Sign Buchhalter: what is observ (individu or observer) in physic exam and play a role in the history. buchhalter: what is observed (individual or observer) in physical exam and plays a role in the history. sign Sign ESSO:Sign_Physical_Exam_Finding Sign_Physical_Exam_Finding sign physic exam find sign physical exam finding Sign_Physical_Exam_Finding ESSO:Simple_Partial_Seizure_with_Motor_Signs Simple_Partial_Seizure_with_Motor_Signs simpl partial seizur with motor sign simple partial seizure with motor signs Simple_Partial_Seizure_with_Motor_Signs ESSO:Simple_Visual_Patterns Simple_Visual_Patterns Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. simpl visual pattern simple visual patterns Simple_Visual_Patterns ESSO:Simultaneous Simultaneous Noachter 1999 Simultaneous: Occur at the same time. Synonym: synchronous. noachter 1999 simultaneous: occurring at the same time. synonym: synchronous. simultan simultaneous Simultaneous ESSO:Sine_Wave Sine_Wave Noachter 1999 Sine Wave: Wave have the form of a sine curve. noachter 1999 sine wave: wave having the form of a sine curve. sine wave Sine_Wave ESSO:Single Single Bancaud 1981 Singl bancaud 1981 single singl single Single ESSO:Single-Photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography_SPECT Single-Photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography_SPECT single- photon emiss comput tomographi s p e c t single- photon emission computed tomography s p e c t wolf 2006 Single-Photon_Emission_Computed_Tomography_SPECT ESSO:Single_Tone Single_Tone Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. singl tone single tone Single_Tone ESSO:Sinking_Feeling Sinking_Feeling sink feel sinking feeling Sinking_Feeling ESSO:Sinusoidal_Wave Sinusoidal_Wave Noachter 1999 Sinusoidal: Term appli to EEG wave resembl sine wave noachter 1999 sinusoidal: term applies to eeg waves resembling sine waves sinusoid wave sinusoidal wave Sinusoidal_Wave ESSO:Six_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave Six_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave Noachter 1999 Six Hz Spike and Slow Wave: Spike-and-slow-wav complex at 4-7 Hz, but most at 6 Hz occur general in brief burst bilater and synchronously, symmetr or asymmetrically, and either confin to or of larger amplitud over the posterior or anterior region of the head. Amplitud vari but is general smaller than that of spike-and-slow-wav complex repeat at slower rates. Comment: this pattern is of littl clinic signific and should be distinguish from epileptiform discharges. noachter 1999 six hz spike and slow wave: spike-and-slow-wave complexes at 4-7 hz, but mostly at 6 hz occurring generally in brief bursts bilaterally and synchronously, symmetrically or asymmetrically, and either confined to or of larger amplitude over the posterior or anterior regions of the head. amplitude varies but is generally smaller than that of spike-and-slow-wave complexes repeating at slower rates. comment: this pattern is of little clinical significance and should be distinguished from epileptiform discharges. six hz spike-and- slow- wave Six_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave ESSO:Size_Distortion Size_Distortion Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. size distort size distortion Size_Distortion ESSO:Slackening Slackening slacken slackening Slackening ESSO:Sleep_Deprivation_Activation_Procedure Sleep_Deprivation_Activation_Procedure sleep depriv activ procedur sleep deprivation activation procedure Sleep_Deprivation_Activation_Procedure ESSO:Sleep_Onset_REM Sleep_Onset_REM Noachter 1999 Sleep Onset REM: the occurr of REM less than 15 min after fall asleep. noachter 1999 sleep onset rem: the occurrence of rem less than 15 min after falling asleep. sleep onset r e m Sleep_Onset_REM ESSO:Sleep_Spindle Sleep_Spindle Noachter 1999 Sleep Spindle: Burst at 11-15 Hz but most at 12-14 Hz general diffus but of higher voltag over the central region of the head, occur dure sleep. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 pV in the adult. Synonym: sigma rhythm (use discouraged). noachter 1999 sleep spindle: burst at 11-15 hz but mostly at 12-14 hz generally diffuse but of higher voltage over the central regions of the head, occurring during sleep. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 pv in the adult. synonym: sigma rhythm (use discouraged). sleep spindl sleep spindle Sleep_Spindle ESSO:Sleep_Stages Sleep_Stages Noachter 1999 Sleep Stages: Distinct phase of sleep best demonstr by polygraph record of the EEG and other variables, includ at least eye movement and activ of certain voluntari muscles. Comment: classifi by various system (Dement and Kleitman 1957; Rechtschaffen and Kale 1968). noachter 1999 sleep stages: distinctive phases of sleep best demonstrated by polygraphic recordings of the eeg and other variables, including at least eye movements and activity of certain voluntary muscles. comment: classified by various systems (dement and kleitman 1957; rechtschaffen and kales 1968). sleep stage sleep stages Sleep_Stages ESSO:Sleep_Wake_Cycle Sleep_Wake_Cycle Bancaud 1981 Sleep Wake Cycl bancaud 1981 sleep wake cycle sleep wake cycl sleep wake cycle Sleep_Wake_Cycle ESSO:Slow_Alpha_Variant_Rhythms Slow_Alpha_Variant_Rhythms Noachter 1999 Slow Alpha Variant Rhythms: Characterist rhythm most at 4-5 Hz, record most promin over the posterior region of the head. Gener alternate, or are intermixed, with alpha rhythm to which they often are harmon related. Amplitud vari but is frequent close to 50 uV. Block or attenu by attention, especi visual, and mental effort. Comment: slow alpha variant rhythm should be distinguish from posterior slow wave characterist of children and adolesc and occasion seen in young adults. noachter 1999 slow alpha variant rhythms: characteristic rhythms mostly at 4-5 hz, recorded most prominently over the posterior regions of the head. generally alternate, or are intermixed, with alpha rhythm to which they often are harmonically related. amplitude varies but is frequently close to 50 uv. blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. comment: slow alpha variant rhythms should be distinguished from posterior slow waves characteristic of children and adolescents and occasionally seen in young adults. slow alpha variant rhythm slow alpha variant rhythms Slow_Alpha_Variant_Rhythms ESSO:Slow_Progression Slow_Progression slow progress slow progression Slow_Progression ESSO:Slow_Wave Slow_Wave Bancaud 1981 Slow Wave Spike and Slow Wave Complex Noachter 1999 Slow Wave: Wave with durat longer than alpha waves, i.e. over 1/8 s. bancaud 1981 slow wave spike and slow wave complex noachter 1999 slow wave: wave with duration longer than alpha waves, i.e. over 1/8 s. slow wave Slow_Wave ESSO:Slump Slump Bancaud 1981 Slump of the trunk bancaud 1981 slumping of the trunk slump Slump ESSO:Small_Amplitude Small_Amplitude small amplitud small amplitude Small_Amplitude ESSO:Small_Sharp_Spikes Small_Sharp_Spikes Noachter 1999 Small Sharp Spikes: Abbreviation: SSS. Synonym for benign epileptiform transient of sleep (BETS) (prefer term). Noachter 1999 Benign epileptiform transient of sleep (BETS): Small sharp spike (SSS) of veri short durat and low amplitude, often follow by a small theta wave, occur in the tempor region dure drowsi and light sleep. This pattern is of littl clinic signific (see small sharp spikes). noachter 1999 small sharp spikes: abbreviation: sss. synonym for benign epileptiform transients of sleep (bets) (preferred term). noachter 1999 benign epileptiform transient of sleep (bets): small sharp spikes (sss) of very short duration and low amplitude, often followed by a small theta wave, occurring in the temporal regions during drowsiness and light sleep. this pattern is of little clinical significance (see small sharp spikes). small sharp spike small sharp spikes Small_Sharp_Spikes ESSO:Smell Smell smell Smell ESSO:Smooth Smooth smooth Smooth ESSO:Social_History Social_History social histori social history Social_History ESSO:Sociodemographic Sociodemographic sociodemograph sociodemographic Sociodemographic ESSO:Somatosensory Somatosensory Engel 2001 Somatosensori engel 2001 somatosensory somatosensori somatosensory Somatosensory ESSO:Somatosensory_Sensation Somatosensory_Sensation Bancaud 1981 Somatosensori Symptom bancaud 1981 somatosensory symptom somatosensori sensat somatosensory sensation Somatosensory_Sensation ESSO:Somatosensory_Sensation_Abnormal Somatosensory_Sensation_Abnormal Bancaud 1981 Somatosensori hallucin bancaud 1981 somatosensory hallucination somatosensori sensat abnorm somatosensory sensation abnormal Somatosensory_Sensation_Abnormal ESSO:Somatosensory_Sensation_Normal Somatosensory_Sensation_Normal somatosensori sensat normal somatosensory sensation normal Somatosensory_Sensation_Normal ESSO:Somnolence Somnolence Bancaud 1981 Drowsi or somnol impli a sleep state from which the patient can be arous to make appropri motor and verbal responses. bancaud 1981 drowsiness or somnolence implies a sleep state from which the patient can be aroused to make appropriate motor and verbal responses. somnol somnolence Somnolence ESSO:Sore Sore bancaud 1981 sore all over sore Sore ESSO:Sound_Distortion Sound_Distortion Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. sound distort sound distortion Sound_Distortion ESSO:Sour_Taste Sour_Taste Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. sour tast sour taste Sour_Taste ESSO:Sour_Taste_Hallucination Sour_Taste_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Sour Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 sour blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. sour tast hallucin sour taste hallucination Sour_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Sparks Sparks spark sparks Sparks ESSO:Speech Speech Blume 2001 Execut function: anticipation, selection, monitor of consequences, and initi of motor activ includ praxis, speech blume 2001 executive function: anticipation, selection, monitoring of consequences, and initiation of motor activity including praxis, speech speech Speech ESSO:Speech_Arrest Speech_Arrest bancaud 1981 speech arrest speech arrest Speech_Arrest ESSO:Speech_Interrupted Speech_Interrupted speech interrupt speech interrupted Speech_Interrupted ESSO:Speech_Slowed Speech_Slowed speech slow speech slowed Speech_Slowed ESSO:Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren_Disease Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren_Disease ILAE 1989 The juvenil form of ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Spiel-meyer-Vogt-Sjogren disease) is character by onset between the age of 6 and 8 years, a decreas in visual acuity, slow of psychomotor development, and appear of cerebellar and extrapyramid signs. After 1 4 years, GTCS and fragmentary, segmental, and massiv myoclonus occur. The EEG show burst of slow wave and slow spike and waves. ilae 1989 the juvenile form of ceroid-lipofuscinosis (spiel-meyer-vogt-sjogren disease) is characterized by onset between the ages of 6 and 8 years, a decrease in visual acuity, slowing of psychomotor development, and appearance of cerebellar and extrapyramidal signs. after 1 4 years, gtcs and fragmentary, segmental, and massive myoclonus occur. the eeg shows bursts of slow waves and slow spikes and waves. spielmeyer- vogt- sjogren diseas spielmeyer- vogt- sjogren disease Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren_Disease ESSO:Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex spike-and- slow- wave complex Spike-and-Slow-Wave_Complex ESSO:Spike_Wave Spike_Wave 1981 Bancaud Spike Wave Spike-and-Slow-Wav Complex Spike and Wave Noachter 1999 Spike: A transient, clear distinguish from background activity, with point peak at a convent paper speed or time scale and a durat from 20 to under 70 ms, i.e. 1/50-1/15s, approximately. Main compon is general negat relat to other areas. Amplitud varies. Comments: (1) term should be restrict to epileptiform discharges. EEG spike should be differenti from sharp waves, i.e. transient have similar characterist but longer durations. However, it should be kept in mind that this distinct is larg arbitrari and primarili serv descript purposes. Generally, in ink-written EEG record taken at 3 cm/s, spike occupi 2 mm or less of paper width and sharp wave more than 2 mm. (2) EEG spike should be clear distinguish from the brief unit spike record from singl cell with microelectrod techniqu (see sharp wave). 1981 bancaud spike wave spike-and-slow-wave complex spike and wave noachter 1999 spike: a transient, clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale and a duration from 20 to under 70 ms, i.e. 1/50-1/15s, approximately. main component is generally negative relative to other areas. amplitude varies. comments: (1) term should be restricted to epileptiform discharges. eeg spikes should be differentiated from sharp waves, i.e. transients having similar characteristics but longer durations. however, it should be kept in mind that this distinction is largely arbitrary and primarily serves descriptive purposes. generally, in ink-written eeg records taken at 3 cm/s, spikes occupy 2 mm or less of paper width and sharp waves more than 2 mm. (2) eeg spikes should be clearly distinguished from the brief unit spikes recorded from single cells with microelectrode techniques (see sharp wave). spike wave Spike_Wave ESSO:Spinal_Cord_Disease Spinal_Cord_Disease spinal cord diseas spinal cord disease Spinal_Cord_Disease ESSO:Spindle Spindle spindl spindle Spindle ESSO:Spoken_Sentence_Hallucination Spoken_Sentence_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 With more elebor seizur involv visual or auditori associ area with particip of mobil memori traces, form hallucin occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. The charact of these percpet may be normal or distorted. bancaud 1981 with more eleborate seizures involving visual or auditory association areas with participation of mobilized memory traces, formed hallucinations occur and these may take the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music. the character of these percpetions may be normal or distorted. spoken sentenc hallucin spoken sentence hallucination Spoken_Sentence_Hallucination ESSO:Spontaneous_Automotor_Seizure Spontaneous_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Spontaneous: Stereotyped, involv onli self, virtual independ of environment influences. blume 2001 spontaneous: stereotyped, involve only self, virtually independent of environmental influences. spontan automotor seizur spontaneous automotor seizure Spontaneous_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Spontaneous_Automotor_Status Spontaneous_Automotor_Status spontan automotor status spontaneous automotor status Spontaneous_Automotor_Status ESSO:Spontaneous_Remission Spontaneous_Remission spontan remiss spontaneous remission Spontaneous_Remission ESSO:Spots Spots Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. spot spots Spots ESSO:Spread Spread Noachter 1999 Spread: Propag of EEG wave from one region of the scalp and/or brain to anoth (see generalization). noachter 1999 spread: propagation of eeg waves from one region of the scalp and/or brain to another (see generalization). spread Spread ESSO:Spread_Destination Spread_Destination spread destin spread destination Spread_Destination ESSO:Spread_Pattern Spread_Pattern spread pattern Spread_Pattern ESSO:Spread_Termination Spread_Termination spread termin spread termination Spread_Termination ESSO:Stage_1_Sleep Stage_1_Sleep stage 1 sleep Stage_1_Sleep ESSO:Stage_2_Sleep Stage_2_Sleep stage 2 sleep Stage_2_Sleep ESSO:Stage_3_Sleep Stage_3_Sleep stage 3 sleep Stage_3_Sleep ESSO:Stage_4_Sleep Stage_4_Sleep stage 4 sleep Stage_4_Sleep ESSO:Staring Staring stare staring Staring ESSO:Startle Startle Engel 2001 Startl engel 2001 startle startl startle Startle ESSO:State_Dependent_Phenomena State_Dependent_Phenomena Blume 2001 State Dependent: Occur exclus or primarili in the various stage of drowsiness, sleep, or arousal. blume 2001 state dependent: occurring exclusively or primarily in the various stages of drowsiness, sleep, or arousal. state depend phenomena state dependent phenomena State_Dependent_Phenomena ESSO:State_of_Consciousness_or_Functional_Status State_of_Consciousness_or_Functional_Status Bancaud 1981 The patient in confus make inappropri respons to his environ and is disori as regard place or time or person. Luder 1998 Seizur that interfer primarili with conscious have been identifi by differ terms, accord to the EEG correl or to the epilept syndrom that produc the alter of consciousness. For example, an episod of alter conscious associ with general 3- Hz, spike-and-wav EEG activ is identifi as an absenc seizure, wherea if it is associ with a focal epileptiform discharg or occur in a patient with a focal epilept syndrom (even in the absenc of a local epileptiform correlate), it is identifi as a complex partial seizure. To avoid confus between term that identifi electroclin complex (absenc seizur and complex partial seizure) and term that identifi pure ictal sign and symptoms, we coin the term dialept seizur for ictal episod in which the main manifest is an alter of consciousness. The term dialept deriv from the Greek word “dialeipein,” which mean “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” Other express such as ‘‘vacant seizures” or “psychoparet seizures” were also considered, but we believ that a complet new term has advantag when one is tri to defin a new concept, i.e., episod of alter of awar that are independ of the associ ictal or interict EEG changes. Although no consensus was reach between the authors, we tentat use the term dialept seizur herein. bancaud 1981 the patient in confusion makes inappropriate responses to his environment and is disoriented as regards place or time or person.' luders 1998 seizures that interfere primarily with consciousness have been identified by different terms, according to the eeg correlate or to the epileptic syndrome that produces the alteration of consciousness. for example, an episode of altered consciousness associated with generalized 3- hz, spike-and-wave eeg activity is identified as an absence seizure, whereas if it is associated with a focal epileptiform discharge or occurs in a patient with a focal epileptic syndrome (even in the absence of a local epileptiform correlate), it is identified as a complex partial seizure. to avoid confusion between terms that identify electroclinical complexes (absence seizure and complex partial seizure) and terms that identify pure ictal signs and symptoms, we coined the term dialeptic seizures for ictal episodes in which the main manifestation is an alteration of consciousness. the term dialeptic derives from the greek word “dialeipein,” which means “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” other expressions such as ‘‘vacant seizures” or “psychoparetic seizures” were also considered, but we believe that a completely new term has advantages when one is trying to define a new concept, i.e., episodes of alteration of awareness that are independent of the associated ictal or interictal eeg changes. although no consensus was reached between the authors, we tentatively use the term dialeptic seizures herein. state of conscious or function status state of consciousness or functional status State_of_Consciousness_or_Functional_Status ESSO:Status_Epilepticus_EEG Status_Epilepticus_EEG Bancaud 1981 A prolong or repetit seizur Noachter 1999 Status epilepticus, EEG: The occurr of virtual continu or repetit seizur activ in an EEG. Term should be distinguish from clinic status epilepticus. bancaud 1981 a prolonged or repetitive seizure noachter 1999 status epilepticus, eeg: the occurrence of virtually continuous or repetitive seizure activity in an eeg. term should be distinguished from clinical status epilepticus. status epilepticus e e g Status_Epilepticus_EEG ESSO:Status_Epilepticus_Event Status_Epilepticus_Event Bancaud 1981 Status epilepticus: prolong or repetit seizur Used whenev a seizur persist for a suffici length of time or is repeat frequent enough that recoveri between attack doe not occur Luder 1998 Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Continu Seizur Type bancaud 1981 status epilepticus: prolonged or repetitive seizures used whenever a seizure persists for a sufficient length of time or is repeated frequently enough that recovery between attacks does not occur luders 1998 status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 continuous seizure types status epilepticus event Status_Epilepticus_Event ESSO:Stiff_Feeling Stiff_Feeling Bancaud 1981 Feel Stiff bancaud 1981 feeling stiff stiff feel stiff feeling Stiff_Feeling ESSO:Stiffening Stiffening stiffen stiffening Stiffening ESSO:Stressed Stressed stress stressed Stressed ESSO:Stridor Stridor bancaud 1981 stridor stridor Stridor ESSO:Stroke Stroke Fischer 2014 patient with a singl seizur occur at least a month after a stroke fischer 2014 patients with a single seizure occurring at least a month after a stroke stroke Stroke ESSO:Structural Structural Bancaud 1981 ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Engel 2001 & 2006 Berg 2010 bancaud 1981 ilae 1989 luders 1998 engel 2001 & 2006 berg 2010 structur structural Structural ESSO:Stupor Stupor Bancaud 1981 In stupor, the patient may make some spontan movement and can be arous by pain or other vigor appli stimuli to make avoid movements. bancaud 1981 in stupor, the patient may make some spontaneous movement and can be aroused by painful or other vigorously applied stimuli to make avoidance movements. stupor Stupor ESSO:Sturge-Weber_Syndrome Sturge-Weber_Syndrome ILAE 1989 The individu phacomatos have no typic electroclin pattern. We emphas that West syndrom is frequent in tuber sclerosis, and that general and partial seizur may follow the otherwis typic cours of infantil spasms. Sturge-Web syndrom is a frequent caus of simpl partial seizur follow by hemiparesis. Engel 2001 Sturge-Web syndrom ilae 1989 the individual phacomatoses have no typical electroclinical pattern. we emphasize that west syndrome is frequent in tuberous sclerosis, and that generalized and partial seizures may follow the otherwise typical course of infantile spasms. sturge-weber syndrome is a frequent cause of simple partial seizures followed by hemiparesis. engel 2001 sturge-weber syndrome sturge- weber syndrom sturge- weber syndrome Sturge-Weber_Syndrome ESSO:Subclinical_Rhythmical_Discharges_of_Adults_SREDA Subclinical_Rhythmical_Discharges_of_Adults_SREDA Noachter 1999 Subclin Rhythmic Discharg of Adult SREDA: This is a rhythmic pattern seen in the adult age group which consist of a mixtur of frequencies, often predomin in the theta range. It may resembl a seizur discharg but is not accompani by ani clinic sign or symptoms. The signific of this pattern is uncertain, but it should be distinguish from an epilept seizur pattern. noachter 1999 subclinical rhythmic discharges of adults sreda: this is a rhythmic pattern seen in the adult age group which consists of a mixture of frequencies, often predominant in the theta range. it may resemble a seizure discharge but is not accompanied by any clinical signs or symptoms. the significance of this pattern is uncertain, but it should be distinguished from an epileptic seizure pattern. subclin rhythmic discharg of adult s r e d a subclinical rhythmical discharges of adults s r e d a Subclinical_Rhythmical_Discharges_of_Adults_SREDA ESSO:Subcortical_Segmental_Myoclonus Subcortical_Segmental_Myoclonus subcort segment myoclonus subcortical segmental myoclonus Subcortical_Segmental_Myoclonus ESSO:Sucking Sucking suck sucking Sucking ESSO:Sudden_Onset Sudden_Onset bancaud 1981 sudden sudden onset Sudden_Onset ESSO:Superior_Frontal_Gyrus Superior_Frontal_Gyrus Trancr 2005 The Superior Frontal Gyrus includ part of the premotor area (control of complex voluntari movements) and prefront area (judgement, foresight, mood and level of motivation). Structures: Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Gyrus Rectus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Sulcus Later Fissur Limbic Area Middl Frontal Gyrus Motor Speech (Broca's) Area Olfactori Sulcus Olfactori Tract Orbital Gyri Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Orbitali (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G.) Precentr Gyrus Precentr Sulcus Prefront Area Premotor Area Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Frontal Sulcus Triangular Sulcus Information: The frontal lobe occupi the anterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the frontal pole posterior to the central sulcus and is bound inferior by the later fissure. On the medial surfac it extend posterior to an imaginari line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. Sulci and Gyri: The superolater surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direct and the precentr gyrus which extend vertic downwards. The superior and inferior frontal gyri are separ by the superior frontal sulcus and the middl and inferior gyri are separ by the inferior frontal sulcus. The precentr sulcus separ the precentr gyrus from the frontal gyri. The inferior frontal gyrus is divid from anterior to posterior into the par orbitalis, par triangulari and par operculari by the triangular sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus extend onto the medial surfac as far as the cingul gyrus, the anterior part of which is also includ in the frontal lobe. The inferior surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the orbit gyri, which overli the boni roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). The orbit gyri and gyrus rectus are separ by the olfactori sulcus, which contain the olfactori tract. Function Areas: The frontal lobe includ a number of import function areas: (1) Primari motor area - locat on the precentr gyrus. (2) Premotor area - locat on the anterior part of the precentr gyrus and the adjac part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. (3) Prefront area - which includ the remaind of the superior and middl frontal gyri, the orbit part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbit gyri. (4) Motor Speech (Broca's) Area - locat on the triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) Limbic Area - locat on the cingul gyrus. superior frontal gyrus trancred 2005 the superior frontal gyrus includes parts of the premotor area (control of complex voluntary movements) and prefrontal area (judgement, foresight, mood and levels of motivation). structures: central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum gyrus rectus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal sulcus lateral fissure limbic area middle frontal gyrus motor speech (broca's) area olfactory sulcus olfactory tract orbital gyri pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars orbitalis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g.) precentral gyrus precentral sulcus prefrontal area premotor area primary motor area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal sulcus triangular sulcus information: the frontal lobe occupies the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the frontal pole posteriorly to the central sulcus and is bounded inferiorly by the lateral fissure. on the medial surface it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. sulci and gyri: the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direction and the precentral gyrus which extends vertically downwards. the superior and inferior frontal gyri are separated by the superior frontal sulcus and the middle and inferior gyri are separated by the inferior frontal sulcus. the precentral sulcus separates the precentral gyrus from the frontal gyri. the inferior frontal gyrus is divided from anterior to posterior into the pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis by the triangular sulcus. the superior frontal gyrus extends onto the medial surface as far as the cingulate gyrus, the anterior part of which is also included in the frontal lobe. the inferior surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the orbital gyri, which overlie the bony roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). the orbital gyri and gyrus rectus are separated by the olfactory sulcus, which contains the olfactory tract. functional areas: the frontal lobe includes a number of important functional areas: (1) primary motor area - located on the precentral gyrus. (2) premotor area - located on the anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the adjacent parts of the superior and middle frontal gyri. (3) prefrontal area - which includes the remainder of the superior and middle frontal gyri, the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital gyri. (4) motor speech (broca's) area - located on the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) limbic area - located on the cingulate gyrus. Superior_Frontal_Gyrus ESSO:Superior_Frontal_Sulcus Superior_Frontal_Sulcus Trancr 2005 The Superior Frontal Sulcus separ the superior and the middl frontal gyri. Structures: Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Gyrus Rectus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Sulcus Later Fissur Limbic Area Middl Frontal Gyrus Motor Speech (Broca's) Area Olfactori Sulcus Olfactori Tract Orbital Gyri Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Orbitali (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G.) Precentr Gyrus Precentr Sulcus Prefront Area Premotor Area Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Frontal Sulcus Triangular Sulcus Information: The frontal lobe occupi the anterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the frontal pole posterior to the central sulcus and is bound inferior by the later fissure. On the medial surfac it extend posterior to an imaginari line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. Sulci and Gyri: The superolater surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direct and the precentr gyrus which extend vertic downwards. The superior and inferior frontal gyri are separ by the superior frontal sulcus and the middl and inferior gyri are separ by the inferior frontal sulcus. The precentr sulcus separ the precentr gyrus from the frontal gyri. The inferior frontal gyrus is divid from anterior to posterior into the par orbitalis, par triangulari and par operculari by the triangular sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus extend onto the medial surfac as far as the cingul gyrus, the anterior part of which is also includ in the frontal lobe. The inferior surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the orbit gyri, which overli the boni roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). The orbit gyri and gyrus rectus are separ by the olfactori sulcus, which contain the olfactori tract. Function Areas: The frontal lobe includ a number of import function areas: (1) Primari motor area - locat on the precentr gyrus. (2) Premotor area - locat on the anterior part of the precentr gyrus and the adjac part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. (3) Prefront area - which includ the remaind of the superior and middl frontal gyri, the orbit part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbit gyri. (4) Motor Speech (Broca's) Area - locat on the triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) Limbic Area - locat on the cingul gyrus superior frontal sulcus trancred 2005 the superior frontal sulcus separates the superior and the middle frontal gyri. structures: central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum gyrus rectus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal sulcus lateral fissure limbic area middle frontal gyrus motor speech (broca's) area olfactory sulcus olfactory tract orbital gyri pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars orbitalis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g.) precentral gyrus precentral sulcus prefrontal area premotor area primary motor area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal sulcus triangular sulcus information: the frontal lobe occupies the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the frontal pole posteriorly to the central sulcus and is bounded inferiorly by the lateral fissure. on the medial surface it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. sulci and gyri: the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direction and the precentral gyrus which extends vertically downwards. the superior and inferior frontal gyri are separated by the superior frontal sulcus and the middle and inferior gyri are separated by the inferior frontal sulcus. the precentral sulcus separates the precentral gyrus from the frontal gyri. the inferior frontal gyrus is divided from anterior to posterior into the pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis by the triangular sulcus. the superior frontal gyrus extends onto the medial surface as far as the cingulate gyrus, the anterior part of which is also included in the frontal lobe. the inferior surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the orbital gyri, which overlie the bony roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). the orbital gyri and gyrus rectus are separated by the olfactory sulcus, which contains the olfactory tract. functional areas: the frontal lobe includes a number of important functional areas: (1) primary motor area - located on the precentral gyrus. (2) premotor area - located on the anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the adjacent parts of the superior and middle frontal gyri. (3) prefrontal area - which includes the remainder of the superior and middle frontal gyri, the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital gyri. (4) motor speech (broca's) area - located on the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) limbic area - located on the cingulate gyrus Superior_Frontal_Sulcus ESSO:Superior_Parietal_Lobule Superior_Parietal_Lobule Trancr 2005 The Superior Pariet Lobul play an import role in the interpret of somatosensori information, and in the integr of somatosensori and visual information. Structures: Angular Gyrus Calcarin Sulcus Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Frontal Lobe Inferior Pariet Lobul Intrapariet Sulcus Later Fissur Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Postcentr Gyrus Postcentr Sulcus Precuneus Primari Somatosensori Area Recept Speech Area Superior Pariet Lobul Superior Tempor Sulcus Supramargin Gyrus Information: The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. superior pariet lobul superior parietal lobule trancred 2005 the superior parietal lobule plays an important role in the interpretation of somatosensory information, and in the integration of somatosensory and visual information. structures: angular gyrus calcarine sulcus central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum frontal lobe inferior parietal lobule intraparietal sulcus lateral fissure occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus postcentral gyrus postcentral sulcus precuneus primary somatosensory area receptive speech area superior parietal lobule superior temporal sulcus supramarginal gyrus information: the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Superior_Parietal_Lobule ESSO:Superior_Temporal_Gyrus Superior_Temporal_Gyrus Trancr 2005 The Superior Tempor Gyrus contain the auditori (primari and association) area of the cortex, which are involv in the interpret of sounds. Structures: Collater Sulcus Corpus Callosum Hippocamp Gyrus Inferior Tempor Gyrus Inferior Tempor Sulcus Later Fissur Later Ventricl Middl Tempor Gyrus Occipitotempor Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Auditori Area Primari Olfactori Area Superior Tempor Gyrus Superior Tempor Sulcus Transvers Tempor Gyrus Uncus Information: Boundaries: On the later surfac the tempor lobe is bound posterior by the imaginari line extend downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. It is bound superior by the later fissur and a horizont line extend from the later fissur to meet the imaginari line just described. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior by a line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipit notch. Gyri and Sulci: The later surfac of the tempor lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior tempor gyri, which are separ from each other by the superior and inferior tempor sulci. The superior surfac of the superior tempor gyrus, which form the floor of the later fissure, is thrown into sever transvers orient folds, which are call the transvers tempor gyri (of Heschl). The inferomedi surfac of the tempor lobe is form by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocamp gyrus, the occipitotempor gyrus and the inferior tempor gyrus. The occipitotempor gyrus is separ from the parahippocamp gyrus by the collater sulcus and from the inferior tempor gyrus by the occipitotempor sulcus. The rostral part of the parahippocamp gyrus hook backward to form a bump on it medial surfac call the uncus. Above the parahippocamp gyrus (not visibl from the inferior surface) is the hippocamp gyrus, which actual form the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the later ventricle. Specif Function Areas: (1) Primari Auditori Area - locat on the transvers tempor gyri. (2) Primari Olfactori Area - locat on the uncus. superior tempor gyrus superior temporal gyrus trancred 2005 the superior temporal gyrus contains the auditory (primary and association) areas of the cortex, which are involved in the interpretation of sounds. structures: collateral sulcus corpus callosum hippocampal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus inferior temporal sulcus lateral fissure lateral ventricle middle temporal gyrus occipitotemporal gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary auditory area primary olfactory area superior temporal gyrus superior temporal sulcus transverse temporal gyrus uncus information: boundaries: on the lateral surface the temporal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the imaginary line extending downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. it is bounded superiorly by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line extending from the lateral fissure to meet the imaginary line just described. on the medial surface it is bounded posteriorly by a line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipital notch. gyri and sulci: the lateral surface of the temporal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, which are separated from each other by the superior and inferior temporal sulci. the superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus, which forms the floor of the lateral fissure, is thrown into several transversely oriented folds, which are called the transverse temporal gyri (of heschl). the inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe is formed by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocampal gyrus, the occipitotemporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. the occipitotemporal gyrus is separated from the parahippocampal gyrus by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus by the occipitotemporal sulcus. the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus hooks backward to form a bump on its medial surface called the uncus. above the parahippocampal gyrus (not visible from the inferior surface) is the hippocampal gyrus, which actually forms the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle. specific functional areas: (1) primary auditory area - located on the transverse temporal gyri. (2) primary olfactory area - located on the uncus. Superior_Temporal_Gyrus ESSO:Supplemental_Motor_Area Supplemental_Motor_Area Trancr 2005 The Supplementari Motor Area is involv in the control of movement and is particular import in the initi of movement. Structures: Basal Ganglia Brainstem Cerebellum Corticobulbar Tract Corticospin Tract Paracentr Lobul Prefront Area Premotor Area Premotor Area Reticulospin Tract Rubrospin Tract Spinal Cord Supplementari Motor Area Ventral Anterior Nucleus Ventral Posterior Nucleus Vestibulospin Tract Information: The motor system allow us to move the bodi and limb and to maintain our postur and posit in space. The control of movement involv continu sensori input from proprioceptor and extern stimuli. The activ of motor neuron is control at sever level in the CNS and is therefor said to be organis hierarchically. Automat respons are organis at the level of the spinal cord wherea more complex respons are organis by success higher centres. There are four level of control in the motor system: (i) Spinal Cord - connect in the spinal cord control automat and stereotyp respons to stimuli, both simpl (eg. stretch reflex) and more complex (altern flexor/extensor activ dure locomotion). (ii) Brainstem - tract origin in the brainstem (such as the reticulospinal, vestibulospin , rubrospin tracts) are involv primarili in the stabilis of postur and the mainten of balanc and correct muscl tone. (iii) Primari Motor Area of cortex - issu command for voluntari movement via the corticospin and corticobulbar tracts. (iv) Higher motor (premotor and supplementari motor) areas: Premotor Area of cortex - involv in more complex aspect of movement. Through extens connect with prefront and posterior pariet area of the cortex, the premotor area is involv in identifi a target in space, choos the right cours of action and program the movement. It influenc the activ of the primari motor area of the cortex as well as provid direct input to the corticospin and corticobulbar tracts. Supplementari Motor Area - an extens of the premotor area onto the medial surfac of the hemisphere, anterior to the paracentr lobule. It receiv strong input from the basal ganglia and is known to play a role in the initi of movement and is alway activ dure speech. The activ of both the primari and premotor area is modul by input from the cerebellum and basal ganglia via the motor nuclei of the thalamus (ventral anterior and ventral later nuclei). supplement motor area supplemental motor area trancred 2005 the supplementary motor area is involved in the control of movement and is particularly important in the initiation of movement. structures: basal ganglia brainstem cerebellum corticobulbar tract corticospinal tract paracentral lobule prefrontal area premotor area premotor area reticulospinal tracts rubrospinal tract spinal cord supplementary motor area ventral anterior nucleus ventral posterior nucleus vestibulospinal tract information: the motor system allows us to move the body and limbs and to maintain our posture and position in space. the control of movement involves continuous sensory input from proprioceptors and external stimuli. the activity of motor neurons is controlled at several levels in the cns and is therefore said to be organised hierarchically. automatic responses are organised at the level of the spinal cord whereas more complex responses are organised by successively higher centres. there are four levels of control in the motor system: (i) spinal cord - connections in the spinal cord control automatic and stereotyped responses to stimuli, both simple (eg. stretch reflex) and more complex (alternate flexor/extensor activity during locomotion). (ii) brainstem - tracts originating in the brainstem (such as the reticulospinal, vestibulospinal , rubrospinal tracts) are involved primarily in the stabilisation of posture and the maintenance of balance and correct muscle tone. (iii) primary motor area of cortex - issues commands for voluntary movements via the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts. (iv) higher motor (premotor and supplementary motor) areas: premotor area of cortex - involved in more complex aspects of movement. through extensive connections with prefrontal and posterior parietal areas of the cortex, the premotor area is involved in identifying a target in space, choosing the right course of action and programming the movement. it influences the activity of the primary motor area of the cortex as well as providing direct input to the corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts. supplementary motor area - an extension of the premotor area onto the medial surface of the hemisphere, anterior to the paracentral lobule. it receives strong inputs from the basal ganglia and is known to play a role in the initiation of movements and is always active during speech. the activity of both the primary and premotor areas is modulated by inputs from the cerebellum and basal ganglia via the motor nuclei of the thalamus (ventral anterior and ventral lateral nuclei). Supplemental_Motor_Area ESSO:Supplementary_Motor_Region Supplementary_Motor_Region supplementari motor region supplementary motor region Supplementary_Motor_Region ESSO:Supplementary_Motor_Seizures Supplementary_Motor_Seizures ILAE 1989 Supplementari motor seizures. In supplementari motor seizures, the seizur pattern are postural, focal tonic, with vocalization, speech arrest, and fenc postures. ilae 1989 supplementary motor seizures. in supplementary motor seizures, the seizure patterns are postural, focal tonic, with vocalization, speech arrest, and fencing postures. supplementari motor seizur supplementary motor seizures Supplementary_Motor_Seizures ESSO:Suppression Suppression Noachter 1999 Suppression: EEG record show activ below 10 /uV (refer derivation) are term background suppress (see burst suppress pattern). noachter 1999 suppression: eeg records showing activity below 10 /uv (reference derivation) are termed background suppression (see burst suppression pattern). suppress suppression Suppression ESSO:Supracalacrine Supracalacrine supracalacrin supracalacrine Supracalacrine ESSO:Supramarginal_Gyrus Supramarginal_Gyrus Trancr 2005 The Supramargin Gyrus, part of the recept speech area which is involv in the percept and interpret of language. Structures: Angular Gyrus Calcarin Sulcus Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Frontal Lobe Inferior Pariet Lobul Intrapariet Sulcus Later Fissur Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Postcentr Gyrus Postcentr Sulcus Precuneus Primari Somatosensori Area Recept Speech Area Superior Pariet Lobul Superior Tempor Sulcus Supramargin Gyrus Information: The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. supramargin gyrus supramarginal gyrus trancred 2005 the supramarginal gyrus, part of the receptive speech area which is involved in the perception and interpretation of language. structures: angular gyrus calcarine sulcus central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum frontal lobe inferior parietal lobule intraparietal sulcus lateral fissure occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus postcentral gyrus postcentral sulcus precuneus primary somatosensory area receptive speech area superior parietal lobule superior temporal sulcus supramarginal gyrus information: the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Supramarginal_Gyrus ESSO:Surgery Surgery surgeri surgery Surgery ESSO:Surgical_History Surgical_History surgic histori surgical history Surgical_History ESSO:Survival Survival surviv survival Survival ESSO:Survival_15_Years Survival_15_Years surviv 15 year survival 15 years Survival_15_Years ESSO:Sustained Sustained sustain sustained Sustained ESSO:Swallowing Swallowing Bancaud 1981 Swallow bancaud 1981 swallowing swallow swallowing Swallowing ESSO:Sweating Sweating Bancaud 1981 Sweat bancaud 1981 sweating sweat sweating Sweating ESSO:Sweet_Taste Sweet_Taste Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. sweet tast sweet taste Sweet_Taste ESSO:Sweet_Taste_Hallucination Sweet_Taste_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Sweet Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 sweet blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. sweet tast hallucin sweet taste hallucination Sweet_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Swimming Swimming bancaud 1981 swim swimming Swimming ESSO:Swimming_Eyes Swimming_Eyes swim eye swimming eyes Swimming_Eyes ESSO:Sylvian_Seizures Sylvian_Seizures d0000803 sylvian seizur sylvian seizures Sylvian_Seizures ESSO:Symmetrical Symmetrical Bancaud 1981 Symmetr Blume 2001 Symmetrical: Virtual bilater equal in these respects. bancaud 1981 symmetrical blume 2001 symmetrical: virtual bilateral equality in these respects. symmetr symmetrical Symmetrical ESSO:Symmetrical_Semiology Symmetrical_Semiology symmetr semiolog symmetrical semiology Symmetrical_Semiology ESSO:Symmetry_EEG Symmetry_EEG Noachter 1999 Symmetry: (1) Approxim equal amplitude, frequenc and form of EEG activ over homolog area on opposit side of the head. (2) Approxim equal distribut of potenti of unlik polar on either side of a zero isopotenti axi (see phase reversal). (3) Approxim equal distribut of EEG wave about the baseline. noachter 1999 symmetry: (1) approximately equal amplitude, frequency and form of eeg activities over homologous areas on opposite sides of the head. (2) approximately equal distribution of potentials of unlike polarity on either side of a zero isopotential axis (see phase reversal). (3) approximately equal distribution of eeg waves about the baseline. symmetri e e g symmetry e e g Symmetry_EEG ESSO:Synchronous Synchronous Blume 2001 Synchronous: Motor event occur at the same time or at the same rate in set of bodi parts. Noachter 1999 Synchronous: Occur at the same time. Synonym: simultaneous. blume 2001 synchronous: motor events occurring at the same time or at the same rate in sets of body parts. noachter 1999 synchronous: occurring at the same time. synonym: simultaneous. synchron synchronous Synchronous ESSO:Synchrony_EEG Synchrony_EEG Noachter 1999 Synchrony: The simultan occurr of EEG wave over region on the same or opposit side of the head. Comment: term simultan onli impli a lack of delay that is measur with ink writer at customari paper speed or with standard comput display. noachter 1999 synchrony: the simultaneous occurrence of eeg waves over regions on the same or opposite sides of the head. comment: term simultaneous only implies a lack of delay that is measurable with ink writers at customary paper speeds or with standard computer display. synchroni e e g synchrony e e g Synchrony_EEG ESSO:Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus d0000804 system lupus erythematosus systemic lupus erythematosus Systemic_Lupus_Erythematosus ESSO:Systolic_Blood_Pressure Systolic_Blood_Pressure systol blood pressur systolic blood pressure Systolic_Blood_Pressure ESSO:TBC1D24_Gene TBC1D24_Gene t b c1 d24 gene TBC1D24_Gene ESSO:TSC1_Gene TSC1_Gene t s c1 gene TSC1_Gene ESSO:TSC2_Gene TSC2_Gene t s c2 gene TSC2_Gene ESSO:Tachycardia Tachycardia tachycardia Tachycardia ESSO:Tapping Tapping tapping Tapping ESSO:Taste Taste Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. tast taste Taste ESSO:Tay_Sach Tay_Sach tay sach Tay_Sach ESSO:Temperature Temperature temperatur temperature Temperature ESSO:Temporal_Lobe_Hamartoma Temporal_Lobe_Hamartoma This is an instanc of a Hamartoma tempor lobe hamartoma temporal lobe hamartoma this is an instance of a hamartoma Temporal_Lobe_Hamartoma ESSO:Temporo-parieto-occipital_Junction Temporo-parieto-occipital_Junction temporo-parieto-occipit junction temporo-parieto-occipital junction Temporo-parieto-occipital_Junction ESSO:Terror Terror Bancaud 1981 Fear or terror is the most frequent sympto; is is sudden in onset, usual unprovok and may lead to run away. Associat with the terror, there are frequent object sign of autonom activity, includ pupil dilation, pallor, flushing, piloerection, palpitation, and hypertension. bancaud 1981 fear or terror is the most frequent sympto; is is sudden in onset, usually unprovoked and may lead to running away. associated with the terror, there are frequently objective signs of autonomic activity, including pupil dilation, pallor, flushing, piloerection, palpitation, and hypertension. terror Terror ESSO:Testing_New_Concepts Testing_New_Concepts test new concept testing new concepts Testing_New_Concepts ESSO:Theta_Band_Frequency Theta_Band_Frequency Noachter 1999 Theta Band: Frequenc band from 4 to under 8 Hz. Greek letter: <theta>. noachter 1999 theta band: frequency band from 4 to under 8 hz. greek letter: <theta>. theta band frequenc theta band frequency Theta_Band_Frequency ESSO:Theta_Rhythm Theta_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Theta Rhythm: Rhythm with a frequenc of 4 to under 8 Hz. noachter 1999 theta rhythm: rhythm with a frequency of 4 to under 8 hz. theta rhythm Theta_Rhythm ESSO:Theta_Wave Theta_Wave Noachter 1999 Theta Wave: Wave with durat of 1/4 to over 1/8 s. noachter 1999 theta wave: wave with duration of 1/4 to over 1/8 s. theta wave Theta_Wave ESSO:Thinking Thinking Engel 2001 Think engel 2001 thinking think thinking Thinking ESSO:Three_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex Three_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex three hz spike-and- slow- wave- complex Three_Hz_Spike-and-Slow-Wave-Complex ESSO:Throat Throat throat Throat ESSO:Thurman_2011 Thurman_2011 Thurman 2011 The purpos of this document is to promot consist in definit and method in an effort to enhanc futur population-bas epidemiolog studies, facilit comparison between populations, and encourag the collect of data use for the promot of public health. thurman 2011 thurman 2011 the purpose of this document is to promote consistency in definitions and methods in an effort to enhance future population-based epidemiologic studies, facilitate comparison between populations, and encourage the collection of data useful for the promotion of public health. Thurman_2011 ESSO:Thurman_2011_Acceptability Thurman_2011_Acceptability Thurman 2011 Acceptability. Data collect may requir the accept and cooper of mani person and organ involv in report cases. Subject may be ask to provid substanti time take survey and particip in other assessments. Success studi and system do not place costly, difficult, or unaccept burden on those who provid data. thurman 2011 accept thurman 2011 acceptability thurman 2011 acceptability. data collection may require the acceptance and cooperation of many persons and organizations involved in reporting cases. subjects may be asked to provide substantial time taking surveys and participating in other assessments. successful studies and systems do not place costly, difficult, or unacceptable burdens on those who provide data. Thurman_2011_Acceptability ESSO:Thurman_2011_Accuracy Thurman_2011_Accuracy Thurman 2011 Accuracy. The close of the measur to the true valu is critical. Accuraci of measur of incid or preval can be character by the qualiti of sensitivity, specificity, and posit predict valu (PPV) of the tool to collect the data, which are describ later in this paper. thurman 2011 accuraci thurman 2011 accuracy thurman 2011 accuracy. the closeness of the measurement to the true value is critical. accuracy of measurements of incidence or prevalence can be characterized by the qualities of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (ppv) of the tools to collect the data, which are described later in this paper. Thurman_2011_Accuracy ESSO:Thurman_2011_Associations Thurman_2011_Associations Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • associations, risk factors, and caus thurman 2011 associ thurman 2011 associations thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • associations, risk factors, and causes Thurman_2011_Associations ESSO:Thurman_2011_Attributes_of_Epidemiologic_Studies_and_Surveillance Thurman_2011_Attributes_of_Epidemiologic_Studies_and_Surveillance Thurman 2011 Attribut of epidemiolog studi and surveil A number of attribut of epidemiolog studi and surveil determin their success. thurman 2011 attribut of epidemiolog studi and surveil thurman 2011 attributes of epidemiologic studies and surveillance thurman 2011 attributes of epidemiologic studies and surveillance a number of attributes of epidemiologic studies and surveillance determine their success. Thurman_2011_Attributes_of_Epidemiologic_Studies_and_Surveillance ESSO:Thurman_2011_Causes Thurman_2011_Causes Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • associations, risk factors, and caus thurman 2011 caus thurman 2011 causes thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • associations, risk factors, and causes Thurman_2011_Causes ESSO:Thurman_2011_Economy Thurman_2011_Economy Economy. Econom method reduc the cost and time requir to collect and analyz data. Success studi and system avoid collect unnecessari data and reli as much as possibl on data from exist data collect systems, when of high qualiti and appropriate. economy. economical methods reduce the costs and time required to collect and analyze data. successful studies and systems avoid collecting unnecessary data and rely as much as possible on data from existing data collection systems, when of high quality and appropriate. thurman 2011 economi thurman 2011 economy Thurman_2011_Economy ESSO:Thurman_2011_Epidemiolgoic_Surveillance_and_Study_Concepts Thurman_2011_Epidemiolgoic_Surveillance_and_Study_Concepts Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • the magnitud of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incid rate, i.e., the rate of new case occur in the population; mortal rate, i.e., the rate of death occur with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proport of the popul with the condition) • popul at highest risk of epilepsi (e.g., demograph characteristics) • associations, risk factors, and caus • sever and outcom (e.g., seizur frequenc and duration, symptoms, comorbidities, result disability, and cost of care) thurman 2011 epidemiolgo surveil and studi concept thurman 2011 epidemiolgoic surveillance and study concepts thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • the magnitude of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incidence rate, i.e., the rate of new cases occurring in the population; mortality rate, i.e., the rate of deaths occurring with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proportion of the population with the condition) • populations at highest risk of epilepsy (e.g., demographic characteristics) • associations, risk factors, and causes • severity and outcome (e.g., seizure frequency and duration, symptoms, comorbidities, resulting disability, and cost of care) Thurman_2011_Epidemiolgoic_Surveillance_and_Study_Concepts ESSO:Thurman_2011_Epidemiologic_Methods_for_the_Study_of_Epilepsy Thurman_2011_Epidemiologic_Methods_for_the_Study_of_Epilepsy thurman 2011 epidemiolog method for the studi of epilepsi thurman 2011 epidemiologic methods for the study of epilepsy Thurman_2011_Epidemiologic_Methods_for_the_Study_of_Epilepsy ESSO:Thurman_2011_Epidemiologic_Research Thurman_2011_Epidemiologic_Research Thurman 2011 Epidemiolog research, which typic involv collect more extens data over a limit period and often includ analys to test novel hypothes regard specif question of etiolog or association. thurman 2011 epidemiolog research thurman 2011 epidemiologic research thurman 2011 epidemiologic research, which typically involves collecting more extensive data over a limited period and often includes analyses to test novel hypotheses regarding specific questions of etiology or association. Thurman_2011_Epidemiologic_Research ESSO:Thurman_2011_Incidence_Rate Thurman_2011_Incidence_Rate Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • the magnitud of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incid rate, i.e., the rate of new case occur in the population; mortal rate, i.e., the rate of death occur with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proport of the popul with the condition) thurman 2011 incid rate thurman 2011 incidence rate thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • the magnitude of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incidence rate, i.e., the rate of new cases occurring in the population; mortality rate, i.e., the rate of deaths occurring with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proportion of the population with the condition) Thurman_2011_Incidence_Rate ESSO:Thurman_2011_Magnitude Thurman_2011_Magnitude Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • the magnitud of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incid rate, i.e., the rate of new case occur in the population; mortal rate, i.e., the rate of death occur with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proport of the popul with the condition) thurman 2011 magnitud thurman 2011 magnitude thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • the magnitude of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incidence rate, i.e., the rate of new cases occurring in the population; mortality rate, i.e., the rate of deaths occurring with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proportion of the population with the condition) Thurman_2011_Magnitude ESSO:Thurman_2011_Mortality_Rate Thurman_2011_Mortality_Rate Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • the magnitud of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incid rate, i.e., the rate of new case occur in the population; mortal rate, i.e., the rate of death occur with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proport of the popul with the condition) thurman 2011 mortal rate thurman 2011 mortality rate thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • the magnitude of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incidence rate, i.e., the rate of new cases occurring in the population; mortality rate, i.e., the rate of deaths occurring with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proportion of the population with the condition) Thurman_2011_Mortality_Rate ESSO:Thurman_2011_Outcome Thurman_2011_Outcome Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • sever and outcom (e.g., seizur frequenc and duration, symptoms, comorbidities, result disability, and cost of care) thurman 2011 outcom thurman 2011 outcome thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • severity and outcome (e.g., seizure frequency and duration, symptoms, comorbidities, resulting disability, and cost of care) Thurman_2011_Outcome ESSO:Thurman_2011_Populations_at_Highest_Risk Thurman_2011_Populations_at_Highest_Risk Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • popul at highest risk of epilepsi (e.g., demograph characteristics) thurman 2011 popul at highest risk thurman 2011 populations at highest risk thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • populations at highest risk of epilepsy (e.g., demographic characteristics) Thurman_2011_Populations_at_Highest_Risk ESSO:Thurman_2011_Prevalence Thurman_2011_Prevalence Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • the magnitud of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incid rate, i.e., the rate of new case occur in the population; mortal rate, i.e., the rate of death occur with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proport of the popul with the condition) thurman 2011 preval thurman 2011 prevalence thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • the magnitude of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incidence rate, i.e., the rate of new cases occurring in the population; mortality rate, i.e., the rate of deaths occurring with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proportion of the population with the condition) Thurman_2011_Prevalence ESSO:Thurman_2011_Public_Health_Surveillance Thurman_2011_Public_Health_Surveillance Thurman 2011 Public health surveil is defin as ‘‘the ongo systemat collection, analysis, and interpret of health data necessari for designing, implementing, and evalu public health prevent programs’’ (Guidelin Work Group, 2001). Exampl of public health surveil includ depart of health or ministri system that monitor the incid of diseases, includ communic diseases, as well as nation mortal registri and system reli on administr data such as hospit discharg (separation) data. thurman 2011 public health surveil thurman 2011 public health surveillance thurman 2011 public health surveillance is defined as ‘‘the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data necessary for designing, implementing, and evaluating public health prevention programs’’ (guidelines working group, 2001). examples of public health surveillance include department of health or ministry systems that monitor the incidence of diseases, including communicable diseases, as well as national mortality registries and systems relying on administrative data such as hospital discharge (separation) data. Thurman_2011_Public_Health_Surveillance ESSO:Thurman_2011_Representatives Thurman_2011_Representatives Thurman 2011 Representativeness. Repres epidemiolog studi and surveil system includ subject whose characterist and experi are similar to the popul of interest. They accur measur and describ the occurr of epilepsi over time. Repres is critic if data are gather in onli a sampl of epilepsi cases. thurman 2011 repres thurman 2011 representativeness. representative epidemiologic studies and surveillance systems include subjects whose characteristics and experience are similar to the population of interest. they accurately measure and describe the occurrence of epilepsy over time. representativeness is critical if data are gathered in only a sample of epilepsy cases. thurman 2011 representatives Thurman_2011_Representatives ESSO:Thurman_2011_Risk_Factors Thurman_2011_Risk_Factors Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • associations, risk factors, and caus thurman 2011 risk factor thurman 2011 risk factors thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • associations, risk factors, and causes Thurman_2011_Risk_Factors ESSO:Thurman_2011_Severity Thurman_2011_Severity Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • sever and outcom (e.g., seizur frequenc and duration, symptoms, comorbidities, result disability, and cost of care) thurman 2011 sever thurman 2011 severity thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • severity and outcome (e.g., seizure frequency and duration, symptoms, comorbidities, resulting disability, and cost of care) Thurman_2011_Severity ESSO:Thurman_2011_Surveillance_and_Epidemiologic_Studies Thurman_2011_Surveillance_and_Epidemiologic_Studies Thurman 2011 A major purpos of epidemiolog studi and surveil is to provid the inform necessari for primari prevention, for earli detect and treatment, for set public health and health care priorities, and for identifi other educ and servic need associ with health condit thurman 2011 a major purpose of epidemiologic studies and surveillance is to provide the information necessary for primary prevention, for early detection and treatment, for setting public health and health care priorities, and for identifying other education and service needs associated with health conditions thurman 2011 surveil and epidemiolog studi thurman 2011 surveillance and epidemiologic studies Thurman_2011_Surveillance_and_Epidemiologic_Studies ESSO:Thurman_2011_Total_Number_of_Cases Thurman_2011_Total_Number_of_Cases Thurman 2011 To assess the public health import of epilepsi and to design and promot effect health care and servic program it is necessari to describe: • the magnitud of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incid rate, i.e., the rate of new case occur in the population; mortal rate, i.e., the rate of death occur with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proport of the popul with the condition) thurman 2011 to assess the public health importance of epilepsy and to design and promote effective health care and service programs it is necessary to describe: • the magnitude of the problem (e.g., total number of cases; incidence rate, i.e., the rate of new cases occurring in the population; mortality rate, i.e., the rate of deaths occurring with the condition; and prevalence, i.e., the proportion of the population with the condition) thurman 2011 total number of case thurman 2011 total number of cases Thurman_2011_Total_Number_of_Cases ESSO:Tightness Tightness Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 tight tightness Tightness ESSO:Time_Locked Time_Locked the definit of a Risk factor: head trauma, stroke, infect is relat to when the seizur occur within 7 day of the initi precipitant, it is consid an acut sequela greater than 7 days: consid independ as a risk factorfor epidemiolog purpos the definition of a risk factor: head trauma, stroke, infection is related to when the seizure occurs within 7 days of the initial precipitant, it is considered an acute sequelae greater than 7 days: considered independently as a risk factorfor epidemiologic purposes time lock time locked Time_Locked ESSO:Time_Perception Time_Perception time percept time perception Time_Perception ESSO:Tingling Tingling Bancaud 1981 Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. Blume 2001 Cephalic: Sensat in the head such as light-headedness, tingl or headache. bancaud 1981 blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. blume 2001 cephalic: sensation in the head such as light-headedness, tingling or headache. tingl tingling Tingling ESSO:Toes Toes toes Toes ESSO:Tone_and_Movement_Signs Tone_and_Movement_Signs Luder 1998 Seizur in which the main manifest are motor phenomena are classifi as motor seizures. luders 1998 seizures in which the main manifestations are motor phenomena are classified as motor seizures. tone and movement sign tone and movement signs Tone_and_Movement_Signs ESSO:Tonic-Clonic_Seizure Tonic-Clonic_Seizure tonic- clonic seizur tonic- clonic seizure Tonic-Clonic_Seizure ESSO:Tonic-Clonic_Status Tonic-Clonic_Status Luder 1998 Tonic-Clon Seizur Gener tonic-clon seizur are character by an initi tonic postur of all limbs. The sustain muscl contract that determin the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolv into a clonic phase with contract of progress decreas frequenc until the contract disappear completely. The muscl includ in the tonic and clonic phase should be essenti the same. Focal motor seizur show such a tonic-clon evolut are infrequent. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 tonic-clonic seizure generalized tonic-clonic seizures are characterized by an initial tonic posturing of all limbs. the sustained muscle contractions that determined the tonic phase then tend to slow, evolving into a clonic phase with contractions of progressively decreasing frequency until the contractions disappear completely. the muscles included in the tonic and clonic phase should be essentially the same. focal motor seizures showing such a tonic-clonic evolution are infrequent. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. tonic- clonic status Tonic-Clonic_Status ESSO:Tonic_Posturing Tonic_Posturing tonic postur tonic posturing Tonic_Posturing ESSO:Tooth_Grinding Tooth_Grinding tooth grind tooth grinding Tooth_Grinding ESSO:Touch Touch touch Touch ESSO:Touch_Sensitivity Touch_Sensitivity touch sensit touch sensitivity Touch_Sensitivity ESSO:Toxicity Toxicity toxic toxicity Toxicity ESSO:Trace_Alternant Trace_Alternant Noachter 1999 Trace Alternant: A discontinu pattern of non-REM (quiet) sleep seen in preterm infant of 34 week concept age or older which can persist up to 3-4 week after birth in full term infants. The pattern is character by burst of predomin slow wave (1-3 Hz, 50-100 uV) appear approxim everi 4-5 s, and interven period of low voltag activ of (<50 uV) 4-7 Hz. noachter 1999 trace alternant: a discontinuous pattern of non-rem (quiet) sleep seen in preterm infants of 34 weeks conceptional age or older which can persist up to 3-4 weeks after birth in full term infants. the pattern is characterized by bursts of predominantly slow waves (1-3 hz, 50-100 uv) appearing approximately every 4-5 s, and intervening periods of low voltage activity of (<50 uv) 4-7 hz. trace altern trace alternant Trace_Alternant ESSO:Trace_Continu Trace_Continu Noachter 1999 Trace Continue: Continu activity, replac a previous mark intermitt record dure evolut of EEG in preterm infants. noachter 1999 trace continue: continuous activity, replacing a previously markedly intermittent record during evolution of eeg in preterm infants. trace continu Trace_Continu ESSO:Trace_Discontinue Trace_Discontinue Noachter 1999 Trace Discontinue: Pattern of preterm infant below 34 week of concept age (CA) character by mix frequenc high voltag burst separ by period of a veri low voltag background. noachter 1999 trace discontinue: pattern of preterm infants below 34 weeks of conceptional age (ca) characterized by mixed frequency high voltage bursts separated by periods of a very low voltage background. trace discontinu trace discontinue Trace_Discontinue ESSO:Transient Transient Noachter 1999 Transient, EEG: Ani isol wave or complex, distinguish from background activity. noachter 1999 transient, eeg: any isolated wave or complex, distinguished from background activity. transient Transient ESSO:Transient_Disease_Course Transient_Disease_Course Scheuermann 2009 Transient Diseas Course: A diseas cours that termin in a return to normal homeostasis. Example: a bout of flu. scheuermann 2009 transient disease course: a disease course that terminates in a return to normal homeostasis. example: a bout of flu. transient diseas cours transient disease course Transient_Disease_Course ESSO:Transmantle_dysplasia Transmantle_dysplasia Fischer 2014 Singl seizur and dysplasia. A 40-year-old man had a focal seizur character by left hand twitch that progress to a tonic–clon seizure. This was his onli seizure. Magnet reson imag (MRI) show a probabl transmantl dysplasia in the right frontal lobe and EEG show right frontotempor interict spikes. Comment: Although mani clinician would reason treat this man with antiseizur medications, the recurr risk for seizur is not precis known, and therefor epilepsi cannot yet be said to be present accord to either definition. Futur epidemiolog studi might clarifi this situation. fischer 2014 single seizure and dysplasia. a 40-year-old man had a focal seizure characterized by left hand twitching that progressed to a tonic–clonic seizure. this was his only seizure. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) shows a probable transmantle dysplasia in the right frontal lobe and eeg shows right frontotemporal interictal spikes. comment: although many clinicians would reasonably treat this man with antiseizure medications, the recurrence risk for seizures is not precisely known, and therefore epilepsy cannot yet be said to be present according to either definition. future epidemiologic studies might clarify this situation. transmantl dysplasia transmantle dysplasia Transmantle_dysplasia ESSO:Treatment Treatment Bancaud 1981 Therapi Engel 2001 Therapeut Engel 2006 Respons to drug Berg 2010 Diagnosi often has implic for treatment, management, prognosi Fischer 2014 A decis for treatment doe not necessarili equat to a diagnosi of epilepsy, but it can be taken as a marker for belief in a strong endur predisposit for further seizures. Conversely, a diagnosi of epilepsi doe not necessarili requir treatment. A treatment decis is distinct from a diagnosis, and should be individu depend upon the desir of the patient, the individu risk-benefit ratio and the avail options. The physician should weigh the possibl avoid of a second seizur with associ risk against the risk for drug-rel side effect and cost for the patients. To be clear, the diagnosi of epilepsi and a decis to treat are two relat but differ issues. Mani epileptologist treat for a time after an acut symptomat seizur (for example, with Herp encephalitis), with no implic of epilepsy. In contrast, patient with mild seizures, with seizur at veri long intervals, or those declin therapi might go untreat even when a diagnosi of epilepsi is beyond dispute. bancaud 1981 therapy engel 2001 therapeutic engel 2006 response to drugs berg 2010 diagnosis often has implications for treatment, management, prognosis fischer 2014 a decision for treatment does not necessarily equate to a diagnosis of epilepsy, but it can be taken as a marker for belief in a strong enduring predisposition for further seizures. conversely, a diagnosis of epilepsy does not necessarily require treatment. a treatment decision is distinct from a diagnosis, and should be individualized depending upon the desires of the patient, the individual risk-benefit ratio and the available options. the physician should weigh the possible avoidance of a second seizure with associated risks against the risk for drug-related side effects and costs for the patients. to be clear, the diagnosis of epilepsy and a decision to treat are two related but different issues. many epileptologists treat for a time after an acute symptomatic seizure (for example, with herpes encephalitis), with no implication of epilepsy. in contrast, patients with mild seizures, with seizures at very long intervals, or those declining therapy might go untreated even when a diagnosis of epilepsy is beyond dispute. treatment Treatment ESSO:Triphasic Triphasic triphas triphasic Triphasic ESSO:Trisomy_12p Trisomy_12p Engel 2001 Trisomi 12p engel 2001 trisomy 12p trisomi 12p trisomy 12p Trisomy_12p ESSO:Tumor Tumor Engel 2001 Tumor engel 2001 tumors tumor Tumor ESSO:Turning Turning turn turning Turning ESSO:Twisting Twisting twist twisting Twisting ESSO:Typical_Absence_Epilepsy Typical_Absence_Epilepsy d0000815 typic absenc epilepsi typical absence epilepsy Typical_Absence_Epilepsy ESSO:Umami_Taste Umami_Taste Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. umami tast umami taste Umami_Taste ESSO:Umami_Taste_Hallucination Umami_Taste_Hallucination Blume 2001 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. blume 2001 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty, sweet, or metallic. umami tast hallucin umami taste hallucination Umami_Taste_Hallucination ESSO:Unclassified_Epilepsy_Syndrome Unclassified_Epilepsy_Syndrome Bancaud 1981 This categori includ all seizur that cannot be classifi becaus of inadequ or incomplet data and includ some seizur that by their natur defi classif in the previous defin broad categories. Mani seizur occur in the infant (e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, swim movements, jittering, and apnea) will be classifi here until such time as further experi with video-tap confirm and electroencephalograph character entitl them to subtyp in the extant classification. bancaud 1981 this category includes all seizures that cannot be classified because of inadequate or incomplete data and includes some seizures that by their natures defy classification in the previously defined broad categories. many seizures occurring in the infant (e.g., rhythmic eye movements, chewing, swimming movements, jittering, and apnea) will be classified here until such time as further experience with video-tape confirmation and electroencephalographic characterization entitles them to subtyping in the extant classification. d0000816 unclassifi epilepsi syndrom unclassified epilepsy syndrome Unclassified_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Unilateral Unilateral Bancaud 1981 Unilater Noachter 1999 Unilateral: Confin to one side of the head. Comments: (1) unilater EEG activ may be region or later to one hemisphere. (2) They are said to be later to the right or left side of the head. Blume 2001 Unilateral: Exclusiv or virtual exclus involv of one side as a motor, sensory, or autonom phenomenon. bancaud 1981 unilateral noachter 1999 unilateral: confined to one side of the head. comments: (1) unilateral eeg activities may be regional or lateralized to one hemisphere. (2) they are said to be lateralized to the right or left side of the head. blume 2001 unilateral: exclusive or virtually exclusive involvement of one side as a motor, sensory, or autonomic phenomenon. unilater unilateral Unilateral ESSO:Unilateral_EEG Unilateral_EEG unilater e e g unilateral e e g Unilateral_EEG ESSO:Unilateral_Semiology Unilateral_Semiology unilater semiolog unilateral semiology Unilateral_Semiology ESSO:Unipolar Unipolar noachter 1999 unipolar: use of term discouraged. term suggested: referential. unipolar Unipolar ESSO:Unpleasant_Odor Unpleasant_Odor Bancaud 1981 Unpleasant odor. Blume 2001 Olfactory: Odor, usual disagreeable. bancaud 1981 unpleasant odor. blume 2001 olfactory: odor, usually disagreeable. unpleas odor unpleasant odor Unpleasant_Odor ESSO:Unworthiness Unworthiness Bancaud 1981 Feel of unworthi bancaud 1981 feelings of unworthiness unworthi unworthiness Unworthiness ESSO:Upper_Prerolandic_Area Upper_Prerolandic_Area upper preroland area upper prerolandic area Upper_Prerolandic_Area ESSO:Upward Upward upward Upward ESSO:Upward_Eye_Rotation Upward_Eye_Rotation Brief upward rotat of the eye brief upward rotation of the eyes upward eye rotat upward eye rotation Upward_Eye_Rotation ESSO:Urination_Involuntary Urination_Involuntary Bancaud 1981 Urine may be pass involuntari bancaud 1981 urine may be passed involuntary urin involuntari urination involuntary Urination_Involuntary ESSO:Use_of_Medication Use_of_Medication use of medic use of medication Use_of_Medication ESSO:V_Wave V_Wave Noachter 1999 V Wave: Abbreviat for vertex sharp transient. noachter 1999 v wave: abbreviation for vertex sharp transient. v wave V_Wave ESSO:Vague_Pain Vague_Pain vagu pain vague pain Vague_Pain ESSO:Variable_Amplitude Variable_Amplitude variabl amplitud variable amplitude Variable_Amplitude ESSO:Variable_Duration Variable_Duration variabl durat variable duration Variable_Duration ESSO:Variable_Frequency Variable_Frequency variabl frequenc variable frequency Variable_Frequency ESSO:Variable_Rhythm Variable_Rhythm variabl rhythm variable rhythm Variable_Rhythm ESSO:Verbal_Automotor_Seizure Verbal_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Verbal: Singl or repetit utter consist of words, phrases, or brief sentences. blume 2001 verbal: single or repetitive utterances consisting of words, phrases, or brief sentences. verbal automotor seizur verbal automotor seizure Verbal_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Verbal_Automotor_Status Verbal_Automotor_Status verbal automotor status Verbal_Automotor_Status ESSO:Versive_Movement Versive_Movement Bancaud 1981 Head turn to one side, usual contravers to the discharg bancaud 1981 head turning to one side, usually contraversive to the discharge versiv movement versive movement Versive_Movement ESSO:Vertex_Region Vertex_Region vertex region Vertex_Region ESSO:Vertex_Sharp_Transient Vertex_Sharp_Transient Noachter 1999 Vertex Sharp Transient: Sharp potential, maxim at the vertex, negat relat to other areas, appar occur spontan dure sleep or in respons to a sensori stimulus dure sleep or wakefulness. May be singl or repetitive. Amplitud vari but rare exceed 250 uV . Abbreviation: V wave (see K complex). noachter 1999 vertex sharp transient: sharp potential, maximal at the vertex, negative relative to other areas, apparently occurring spontaneously during sleep or in response to a sensory stimulus during sleep or wakefulness. may be single or repetitive. amplitude varies but rarely exceeds 250 uv . abbreviation: v wave (see k complex). vertex sharp transient Vertex_Sharp_Transient ESSO:Vertical_Occular_Oscillation Vertical_Occular_Oscillation vertic occular oscil vertical occular oscillation Vertical_Occular_Oscillation ESSO:Vision Vision vision Vision ESSO:Visual_Acuity_Decreased Visual_Acuity_Decreased visual acuiti decreas visual acuity decreased Visual_Acuity_Decreased ESSO:Visual_Cortex_Region Visual_Cortex_Region visual cortex region Visual_Cortex_Region ESSO:Visual_Field Visual_Field visual field Visual_Field ESSO:Visual_Sensation Visual_Sensation Bancaud 1981 Visual Symptom Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. bancaud 1981 visual symptom blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. visual sensat visual sensation Visual_Sensation ESSO:Visual_Sensation_Abnormal Visual_Sensation_Abnormal visual sensat abnorm visual sensation abnormal Visual_Sensation_Abnormal ESSO:Visual_Sensation_Normal Visual_Sensation_Normal visual sensat normal visual sensation normal Visual_Sensation_Normal ESSO:Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsy Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Other Visual Sensit Epilepsi engel 2001 other visual sensitive epilepsies visual sensit epilepsi visual sensitive epilepsy Visual_Sensitive_Epilepsy ESSO:Visual_Stimuli Visual_Stimuli engel 2001 visual stimuli visual stimuli Visual_Stimuli ESSO:Vital_Sign Vital_Sign Scheuermann 2009 Vital sign: A physic sign in which a nonzero valu is standard consid to be an indic that the organ is alive. The relat valu for vital sign are often use as measur that can indic the presenc of disease. scheuermann 2009 vital sign: a physical sign in which a nonzero value is standardly considered to be an indication that the organism is alive. the relative values for vital signs are often used as measures that can indicate the presence of disease. vital sign Vital_Sign ESSO:Vocal_Automotor_Seizure Vocal_Automotor_Seizure Blume 2001 Vocal: Singl or repetit utter consist of sound such as grunt or shrieks. blume 2001 vocal: single or repetitive utterances consisting of sounds such as grunts or shrieks. vocal automotor seizur vocal automotor seizure Vocal_Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Vocal_Automotor_Status Vocal_Automotor_Status vocal automotor status Vocal_Automotor_Status ESSO:Vocalization Vocalization Bancaud 1981 Vocal bancaud 1981 vocalization vocal vocalization Vocalization ESSO:Voltage Voltage voltag voltage Voltage ESSO:Voltage_Equals_50-100uV Voltage_Equals_50-100uV voltag equal 50-100u v voltage equals 50-100u v Voltage_Equals_50-100uV ESSO:Voltage_Gated_Potassium_Channel_VGKC_Encephalitis Voltage_Gated_Potassium_Channel_VGKC_Encephalitis Suleiman 2013 Voltage-g potassium channel (VGKC)-complex antibodi associ autoimmun limbic enceph (includ leucin rich glioma inactiv 1 [LGI1] and contactin-associ protein-lik 2 [CASPR2] antibodies) in which patient often have tempor lobe seizur (Irani et al., 2010; Lai et al., 2010) suleiman 2013 voltage-gated potassium channel (vgkc)-complex antibody associated autoimmune limbic encephalitis (including leucine rich glioma inactivated 1 [lgi1] and contactin-associated protein-like 2 [caspr2] antibodies) in which patients often have temporal lobe seizures (irani et al., 2010; lai et al., 2010) voltag gate potassium channel v g k c enceph voltage gated potassium channel v g k c encephalitis Voltage_Gated_Potassium_Channel_VGKC_Encephalitis ESSO:Voltage_equals_100-200uV Voltage_equals_100-200uV voltag equal 100-200u v voltage equals 100-200u v Voltage_equals_100-200uV ESSO:Voltage_equals_1000uV Voltage_equals_1000uV voltag equal 1000u v voltage equals 1000u v Voltage_equals_1000uV ESSO:Voltage_greater_than_300uV Voltage_greater_than_300uV voltag greater than 300u v voltage greater than 300u v Voltage_greater_than_300uV ESSO:Voltage_greater_than_70uV Voltage_greater_than_70uV voltag greater than 70u v voltage greater than 70u v Voltage_greater_than_70uV ESSO:Voltage_less_than_10uV Voltage_less_than_10uV Suppress Voltag suppression voltage voltag less than 10u v voltage less than 10u v Voltage_less_than_10uV ESSO:Voltage_less_than_20uV Voltage_less_than_20uV voltag less than 20u v voltage less than 20u v Voltage_less_than_20uV ESSO:Voltage_less_than_240uV Voltage_less_than_240uV voltag less than 240u v voltage less than 240u v Voltage_less_than_240uV ESSO:Voltage_less_than_50pV Voltage_less_than_50pV voltag less than 50p v voltage less than 50p v Voltage_less_than_50pV ESSO:Voltage_less_than_50uV Voltage_less_than_50uV voltag less than 50u v voltage less than 50u v Voltage_less_than_50uV ESSO:Voltage_less_than_75uV Voltage_less_than_75uV voltag less than 75u v voltage less than 75u v Voltage_less_than_75uV ESSO:WWOX_Gene WWOX_Gene w w o x gene WWOX_Gene ESSO:Waist_Circumference Waist_Circumference waist circumfer waist circumference Waist_Circumference ESSO:Walking Walking walk walking Walking ESSO:Walking_Backwards Walking_Backwards walk backward walking backwards Walking_Backwards ESSO:Wave Wave wave Wave ESSO:Wave_Form Wave_Form Noachter 1999 Wave Form: The shape of an EEG wave. noachter 1999 wave form: the shape of an eeg wave. wave form Wave_Form ESSO:Waveform Waveform noachter 1999 waveform: the shape of an eeg wave. waveform Waveform ESSO:Waveform_Test Waveform_Test waveform test Waveform_Test ESSO:Weight Weight weight Weight ESSO:Weight_Change_Sensation Weight_Change_Sensation Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. weight chang sensat weight change sensation Weight_Change_Sensation ESSO:Wolf-Hirschhorn_Syndrome Wolf-Hirschhorn_Syndrome Engel 2001 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrom engel 2001 wolf-hirschhorn syndrome wolf- hirschhorn syndrom wolf- hirschhorn syndrome Wolf-Hirschhorn_Syndrome ESSO:Worthiness Worthiness not semiolog not semiology worthi worthiness Worthiness ESSO:Wrist Wrist wrist Wrist ESSO:X-Linked_Dominant_Inheritance X-Linked_Dominant_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition x- link domin inherit x- linked dominant inheritance X-Linked_Dominant_Inheritance ESSO:X-Linked_Inheritance X-Linked_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition x- link inherit x- linked inheritance X-Linked_Inheritance ESSO:X-Linked_Recessive_Inheritance X-Linked_Recessive_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition x- link recess inherit x- linked recessive inheritance X-Linked_Recessive_Inheritance ESSO:Y-Linked_Inheritance Y-Linked_Inheritance Bancaud 1981 Inherit ILAE 1989 Inherit Luder 1998 2010 Berg Hereditari predisposit bancaud 1981 inheritance ilae 1989 inheritance luders 1998 2010 berg hereditary predisposition y- link inherit y- linked inheritance Y-Linked_Inheritance ESSO:Years_Duration_Of_Condition Years_Duration_Of_Condition year durat of condit years duration of condition Years_Duration_Of_Condition ESSO:_1-3Hz _1-3Hz 1-3 hz _1-3Hz ESSO:_3Hz _3Hz 3 hz _3Hz ESSO:_4-5Hz _4-5Hz 4-5 hz _4-5Hz ESSO:_4-7Hz _4-7Hz 4-7 hz _4-7Hz ESSO:_6Hz _6Hz 6 hz _6Hz ESSO:_7-11Hz _7-11Hz 7-11 hz _7-11Hz ESSO:less_than_100ms less_than_100ms less than 100ms less_than_100ms ESSO:less_than_20s less_than_20s less than 20s less_than_20s ESSO:less_than_400ms less_than_400ms less than 400ms less_than_400ms ESSO:less_than_500ms less_than_500ms less than 500ms less_than_500ms _Grand_Mal grand mal bancaud 1981 grand mal _Grand_Mal _Terms_to_use term to use terms to use _Terms_to_use s_Phenomenon Blume 2001 Lateralizing: Ani unilater postict dysfunct relat to motor, language, sensory, and/or integr function includ visual, auditory, or somatosensori neglect phenomena. blume 2001 lateralizing: any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory, and/or integrative functions including visual, auditory, or somatosensory neglect phenomena. s phenomenon s_Phenomenon _Phenomenon phenomenon Blume 2001 Lateralizing: Ani unilater postict dysfunct relat to motor, language, sensory, and/or integr function includ visual, auditory, or somatosensori neglect phenomena. blume 2001 lateralizing: any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory, and/or integrative functions including visual, auditory, or somatosensory neglect phenomena. _Phenomenon _Phenomenon phenomenon Blume 2001 Lateralizing: Ani unilater postict dysfunct relat to motor, language, sensory, and/or integr function includ visual, auditory, or somatosensori neglect phenomena. blume 2001 lateralizing: any unilateral postictal dysfunction relating to motor, language, sensory, and/or integrative functions including visual, auditory, or somatosensory neglect phenomena. _Phenomenon s_Area Tancr 2005 Brodmann area are cytocarchitectur distinct region of the cerebr cortex. Region variat in the number, thick and composit of the lamina of the cerebr cortex promt Brodmann in 1909 to devis a scheme which divid the cerebr cortex into 52 region on the basi of cytoarchitecture. This scheme is still in use, the individu region be refer to a Brodmann areas. While it is not necessari to rememb the locat of each of these 42 areas, some of them should be learned: The primari somatosensori area occupi Brodmann area 1, 2 and 3. The primari visual area occupi area 17 The primari auditori area occupi area 41 The primari motor area occupi area 4 The premotor area occupi area 6 The motor speech (Broca's) area occupi area 44 and 45 s area tancred 2005 brodmann's areas are cytocarchitecturally distinct regions of the cerebral cortex. regional variations in the number, thickness and composition of the laminae of the cerebral cortex promted brodmann in 1909 to devise a scheme which divides the cerebral cortex into 52 regions on the basis of cytoarchitecture. this scheme is still in use, the individual regions being referred to a brodmann's areas. while it is not necessary to remember the location of each of these 42 areas, some of them should be learned: the primary somatosensory area occupies brodmann's areas 1, 2 and 3. the primary visual area occupies area 17 the primary auditory area occupies area 41 the primary motor area occupies area 4 the premotor areas occupies area 6 the motor speech (broca's) area occupies areas 44 and 45 s_Area _Memory_Of memori of memory of Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi (a dreami state) bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience (a dreamy state) _Memory_Of Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep Engel 2001 Epilepsi with cotninu spike-wav dure slow-wav sleep engel 2001 epilepsy with cotninuous spike-waves during slow-wave sleep wave dure slow- wave sleep waves during slow- wave sleep Waves_During_Slow-Wave_Sleep Hemiplegia_Syndrome Engel 2001 Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Syndrom engel 2001 hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia syndrome hemiplegia syndrom hemiplegia syndrome Hemiplegia_Syndrome Kleffner_Syndrome Engel 2001 Landau-Kleffn Syndrom engel 2001 landau-kleffner syndrome kleffner syndrom kleffner syndrome Kleffner_Syndrome Weber_Syndrome Engel 2001 Sturge-Web syndrom engel 2001 sturge-weber syndrome weber syndrom weber syndrome Weber_Syndrome Hirschhorn_Syndrome Engel 2001 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrom engel 2001 wolf-hirschhorn syndrome hirschhorn syndrom hirschhorn syndrome Hirschhorn_Syndrome Kleffner_Syndrome kleffner syndrom kleffner syndrome Kleffner_Syndrome s_Encephalopathy Suleiman 2013 Seizur can occur in Hashimoto’ encephalopathy, which is a rare associ of autoimmun Hashimoto’ thyroid associ with Abs against thyroid peroxidas and thyroglobulin (Castillo et al., 2006). Patient describ with Hashimoto encephalopathi present with broad clinic manifest and are classic report to be steroid responsive. The role of thyroid antibodi in Hashimoto encephalopathi is uncertain, and the term “steroid respons encephalopathi associ with autoimmun thyroiditis” (SREAT) has been use to reflect the hypothesi that Hashimoto encephalopathi may be caus by unidentifi neuron autoantibodi (Castillo et al., 2002; Schaubl et al., 2003). s encephalopathi s encephalopathy suleiman 2013 seizures can occur in hashimoto’s encephalopathy, which is a rare association of autoimmune hashimoto’s thyroiditis associated with abs against thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin (castillo et al., 2006). patients described with hashimoto encephalopathy present with broad clinical manifestations and are classically reported to be steroid responsive. the role of thyroid antibodies in hashimoto encephalopathy is uncertain, and the term “steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis” (sreat) has been used to reflect the hypothesis that hashimoto encephalopathy may be caused by unidentified neuronal autoantibodies (castillo et al., 2002; schauble et al., 2003). s_Encephalopathy s_Disease_Infantile_Type ILAE 1989 An infantil type of Huntington’ diseas appear after age 3 years, with a slow of mental development, follow by dystonia, GTCS, atyp absenc seizures, and myoclon seizures. The EEG show discharg of general spike-wav and polyspike-waves, with the usual photic stimul rate. Engel 2001 Huntington diseas ilae 1989 an infantile type of huntington’s disease appears after age 3 years, with a slowing of mental development, followed by dystonia, gtcs, atypical absence seizures, and myoclonic seizures. the eeg shows discharges of generalized spike-waves and polyspike-waves, with the usual photic stimulation rate. engel 2001 huntington disease s diseas infantil type s disease infantile type s_Disease_Infantile_Type Not_Caused_By not caus by not caused by Not_Caused_By owl:Thing Thing thing Thing EpSO:AbdominalAura AbdominalAura abdomin aura abdominal aura AbdominalAura EpSO:AbdominalAuraStatus AbdominalAuraStatus abdomin aura status abdominal aura status AbdominalAuraStatus EpSO:AkineticSeizure AkineticSeizure akinet seizur akinetic seizure AkineticSeizure EpSO:AlcoholAbuse AlcoholAbuse alcohol abus alcohol abuse AlcoholAbuse EpSO:AlphaRhythm AlphaRhythm alpha rhythm AlphaRhythm EpSO:Amaurosis Amaurosis amaurosi amaurosis Amaurosis EpSO:AphasicSeizure AphasicSeizure aphas seizur aphasic seizure AphasicSeizure EpSO:AphasicStatus AphasicStatus aphas status aphasic status AphasicStatus EpSO:AstaticSeizure AstaticSeizure astat seizur astatic seizure AstaticSeizure EpSO:AstaticStatus AstaticStatus astat status astatic status AstaticStatus EpSO:AtonicSeizure AtonicSeizure aton seizur atonic seizure AtonicSeizure EpSO:AtonicStatus AtonicStatus aton status atonic status AtonicStatus EpSO:AtypicalDialepticSeizure AtypicalDialepticSeizure atyp dialept seizur atypical dialeptic seizure AtypicalDialepticSeizure EpSO:AtypicalDialepticStatus AtypicalDialepticStatus atyp dialept status atypical dialeptic status AtypicalDialepticStatus EpSO:AuditoryAura AuditoryAura auditori aura auditory aura AuditoryAura EpSO:AuditoryAuraStatus AuditoryAuraStatus auditori aura status auditory aura status AuditoryAuraStatus EpSO:Aura Aura aura non-specif aura non-specific aura Aura EpSO:AutismSpectrumDisorder AutismSpectrumDisorder autism spectrum disord autism spectrum disorder AutismSpectrumDisorder EpSO:AutomotorSeizure AutomotorSeizure automotor seizur automotor seizure AutomotorSeizure EpSO:AutomotorStatus AutomotorStatus automotor status AutomotorStatus EpSO:AutonomicAura AutonomicAura autonom aura autonomic aura AutonomicAura EpSO:AutonomicAuraStatus AutonomicAuraStatus autonom aura status autonomic aura status AutonomicAuraStatus EpSO:AutonomicSeizure AutonomicSeizure autonom seizur autonomic seizure AutonomicSeizure EpSO:AutonomicStatus AutonomicStatus autonom status autonomic status AutonomicStatus EpSO:AutosomalDominantNocturnalFrontalLobeEpilepsy AutosomalDominantNocturnalFrontalLobeEpilepsy adnfl adnfle autosom domin nocturn frontal lobe epilepsi autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy AutosomalDominantNocturnalFrontalLobeEpilepsy EpSO:BackgroundSlowActivity BackgroundSlowActivity background slow background slow activ background slow activity BackgroundSlowActivity EpSO:BenignChildhoodEpilepsyWithCentrotemporalSpikes BenignChildhoodEpilepsyWithCentrotemporalSpikes benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spike benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes BenignChildhoodEpilepsyWithCentrotemporalSpikes EpSO:Brain Brain brain Brain EpSO:Cataplexy Cataplexy cataplexi cataplexy Cataplexy EpSO:CavernousAngioma CavernousAngioma cavern angioma cavernous angioma CavernousAngioma EpSO:Cerebellum Cerebellum cerebellum epencephalon-1 Cerebellum EpSO:CerebralHemisphere CerebralHemisphere cerebr hemispher cerebral hemisphere CerebralHemisphere EpSO:CerebralHemorrhage CerebralHemorrhage cerebr hemorrhag cerebral hemorrhage CerebralHemorrhage EpSO:CerebralInfarction CerebralInfarction cerebr infarct cerebral infarction CerebralInfarction EpSO:CerebralPalsy CerebralPalsy cerebr palsi cerebral palsy CerebralPalsy EpSO:CerebrovascularDisease CerebrovascularDisease cerebrovascular diseas cerebrovascular disease CerebrovascularDisease EpSO:ChildhoodAbsenceEpilepsy ChildhoodAbsenceEpilepsy childhood absenc epilepsi childhood absence epilepsy ChildhoodAbsenceEpilepsy EpSO:ChildhoodEpilepsyWithOccipitalParoxysms ChildhoodEpilepsyWithOccipitalParoxysms childhood epilepsi with occipit paroxysm childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms ChildhoodEpilepsyWithOccipitalParoxysms EpSO:ChromosomalAbnormality ChromosomalAbnormality chromosom abnorm chromosomal abnormality ChromosomalAbnormality EpSO:CingulateGyrus CingulateGyrus cingul gyrus cingul region cingular cingulate gyrus cingulate region CingulateGyrus EpSO:ClonicSeizure ClonicSeizure clonic seizur clonic seizure ClonicSeizure EpSO:ClonicStatus ClonicStatus clonic status ClonicStatus EpSO:ComplexMotorSeizure ComplexMotorSeizure complex motor seizur complex motor seizure ComplexMotorSeizure EpSO:ComplexMotorStatus ComplexMotorStatus complex motor status ComplexMotorStatus EpSO:ContinuousSlowActivity ContinuousSlowActivity continu slow continu slow activ continuous slow continuous slow activity ContinuousSlowActivity EpSO:CorticalDevelopmentMalformation CorticalDevelopmentMalformation cortic develop malform cortical development malformation malform of cortic develop malformation of cortical development CorticalDevelopmentMalformation EpSO:DejaVu DejaVu deja vu DejaVu EpSO:DeltaRhythm DeltaRhythm delta rhythm DeltaRhythm EpSO:Depression Depression depress depression Depression EpSO:DialepticSeizure DialepticSeizure dialept seizur dialeptic seizure DialepticSeizure EpSO:DialepticStatus DialepticStatus dialept status dialeptic status DialepticStatus EpSO:Diencephalon Diencephalon between brain diencephalon Diencephalon EpSO:Diplopia Diplopia diplopia Diplopia EpSO:Disease Disease diseas disease Disease EpSO:Electrode Electrode electrod electrode Electrode EpSO:Electrodecrement Electrodecrement electrodecr electrodecrement Electrodecrement EpSO:Encephalitis Encephalitis enceph encephalitis Encephalitis EpSO:Epilepsy Epilepsy epilepsi epilepsy Epilepsy EpSO:EpilepsyWithGeneralTonicClonicSeizureOnAwakening EpilepsyWithGeneralTonicClonicSeizureOnAwakening epilepsi with general tonic clonic seizur on awaken epilepsy with general tonic clonic seizure on awakening EpilepsyWithGeneralTonicClonicSeizureOnAwakening EpSO:EpilepticSpasm EpilepticSpasm epilept spasm epileptic spasm EpilepticSpasm EpSO:EpilepticSpasmStatus EpilepticSpasmStatus epilept spasm status epileptic spasm status EpilepticSpasmStatus EpSO:Ethosuximide Ethosuximide ethosuximid ethosuximide Ethosuximide EpSO:Face Face face Face EpSO:Finger Finger digitus manus finger Finger EpSO:FocalCorticalDysplasia FocalCorticalDysplasia focal cortic dysplasia focal cortical dysplasia FocalCorticalDysplasia EpSO:Foot Foot foot termin segment of free lower limb terminal segment of free lower limb Foot EpSO:Forearm Forearm forearm intermedi segment of free upper limb intermediate segment of free upper limb Forearm EpSO:FrontalLobe FrontalLobe frontal cortex frontal lobe FrontalLobe EpSO:FrontalLobeEpilepsy FrontalLobeEpilepsy frontal lobe epilepsi frontal lobe epilepsy FrontalLobeEpilepsy EpSO:Gangliocytoma Gangliocytoma gangliocytoma Gangliocytoma EpSO:Ganglioglioma Ganglioglioma ganglioglioma Ganglioglioma EpSO:GelasticSeizure GelasticSeizure gelast seizur gelastic seizure GelasticSeizure EpSO:GelasticStatus GelasticStatus gelast status gelastic status GelasticStatus EpSO:Gene Gene gene Gene EpSO:GeneralLearningDisability GeneralLearningDisability general learn disabl general learning disability mental retard mental retardation GeneralLearningDisability EpSO:GustatoryAura GustatoryAura gustatori aura gustatory aura GustatoryAura EpSO:GustatoryAuraStatus GustatoryAuraStatus gustatori aura status gustatory aura status GustatoryAuraStatus EpSO:Hamartoma Hamartoma hamartoma Hamartoma EpSO:Hand Hand hand termin segment of free upper limb terminal segment of free upper limb Hand EpSO:Head Head head Head EpSO:HemiClonicSeizure HemiClonicSeizure hemi clonic seizur hemi clonic seizure hemiclon seizur hemiclonic seizure HemiClonicSeizure EpSO:Hemimegalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly hemimegalencephali hemimegalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly EpSO:HypermotorSeizure HypermotorSeizure hypermotor seizur hypermotor seizure HypermotorSeizure EpSO:HypermotorStatus HypermotorStatus hypermotor status HypermotorStatus EpSO:HypomotorSeizure HypomotorSeizure hypomotor seizur hypomotor seizure HypomotorSeizure EpSO:HypomotorStatus HypomotorStatus hypomotor status HypomotorStatus EpSO:HypothalamicHamartoma HypothalamicHamartoma hypothalam hamartoma hypothalamic hamartoma HypothalamicHamartoma EpSO:Hypsarrhythmia Hypsarrhythmia hypsarrhythmia Hypsarrhythmia EpSO:IctalDystonia IctalDystonia dyston postur dystonic posturing ictal dystonia IctalDystonia EpSO:IctalNystagmus IctalNystagmus ictal nystagmus IctalNystagmus EpSO:IctalSpeech IctalSpeech ictal speech IctalSpeech EpSO:Insomnia Insomnia insomnia Insomnia EpSO:IntermittentSlowActivity IntermittentSlowActivity intermitt slow intermitt slow activ intermittent slow intermittent slow activity IntermittentSlowActivity EpSO:JamaisVu JamaisVu jamai vu jamais vu JamaisVu EpSO:JuvenileAbsenceEpilepsy JuvenileAbsenceEpilepsy juvenil absenc epilepsi juvenile absence epilepsy JuvenileAbsenceEpilepsy EpSO:JuvenileMyoclonicEpilepsy JuvenileMyoclonicEpilepsy juvenil myoclon epilepsi juvenile myoclonic epilepsy JuvenileMyoclonicEpilepsy EpSO:LambdaWave LambdaWave lambda wave LambdaWave EpSO:Macropsia Macropsia macropsia Macropsia EpSO:Meningitis Meningitis mening meningitis Meningitis EpSO:MentalRetardation MentalRetardation mental retard mental retardation MentalRetardation EpSO:MesialTemporalSclerosis MesialTemporalSclerosis mesial tempor sclerosi mesial temporal sclerosis MesialTemporalSclerosis EpSO:Metamorphopsia Metamorphopsia metamorphopsia Metamorphopsia EpSO:Microcephaly Microcephaly microcephali microcephaly Microcephaly EpSO:Microdysgenesis Microdysgenesis microdysgenesi microdysgenesis Microdysgenesis EpSO:Micropsia Micropsia micropsia Micropsia EpSO:MotorSeizure MotorSeizure motor seizur motor seizure MotorSeizure EpSO:MotorStatus MotorStatus motor status MotorStatus EpSO:Mouth Mouth mouth oral region Mouth EpSO:MuRhythm MuRhythm mu rhythm MuRhythm EpSO:MultiFocalEpileptogenicZone MultiFocalEpileptogenicZone multi focal epileptogen zone multi focal epileptogenic zone multiregion multiregional MultiFocalEpileptogenicZone EpSO:MyoclonicSeizure MyoclonicSeizure myoclon seizur myoclonic seizure MyoclonicSeizure EpSO:MyoclonicStatus MyoclonicStatus myoclon status myoclonic status MyoclonicStatus EpSO:Narcolepsy Narcolepsy narcolepsi narcolepsy Narcolepsy EpSO:Neck Neck neck neck (volume) Neck EpSO:NegativeMyoclonicSeizure NegativeMyoclonicSeizure negat myoclon seizur negative myoclonic seizure NegativeMyoclonicSeizure EpSO:OccipitalLobe OccipitalLobe occipit occipit cortex occipit lobe occipital occipital cortex occipital lobe OccipitalLobe EpSO:OccipitalLobeEpilepsy OccipitalLobeEpilepsy occipit lobe epilepsi occipital lobe epilepsy OccipitalLobeEpilepsy EpSO:OlfactoryAura OlfactoryAura olfactori aura olfactory aura OlfactoryAura EpSO:OlfactoryAuraStatus OlfactoryAuraStatus olfactori aura status olfactory aura status OlfactoryAuraStatus EpSO:Palinopsia Palinopsia palinopsia Palinopsia EpSO:ParacentralLobule ParacentralLobule paracentr lobul paracentral lobule ParacentralLobule EpSO:Parasomnias Parasomnias parasomnia parasomnias Parasomnias EpSO:ParietalLobe ParietalLobe pariet pariet lobe pariet region parietal parietal lobe parietal region ParietalLobe EpSO:ParietalLobeEpilepsy ParietalLobeEpilepsy pariet lobe epilepsi parietal lobe epilepsy ParietalLobeEpilepsy EpSO:ParoxysmalEvent ParoxysmalEvent paroxysm event paroxysmal event seizur semiolog seizure semiology ParoxysmalEvent EpSO:Phenobarbital Phenobarbital phenobarbit phenobarbital Phenobarbital EpSO:PhotoparoxysmalResponse PhotoparoxysmalResponse photoparoxysm respons photoparoxysm respons (pr) photoparoxysmal response photoparoxysmal response (pr) PhotoparoxysmalResponse EpSO:PrecociousPuberty PrecociousPuberty precoci puberti precocious puberty PrecociousPuberty EpSO:PrimaryReadingEpilepsy PrimaryReadingEpilepsy primari read epilepsi primary reading epilepsy PrimaryReadingEpilepsy EpSO:PsychicAura PsychicAura psychic aura PsychicAura EpSO:Schizophrenia Schizophrenia schizophrenia Schizophrenia EpSO:SharpWave SharpWave sharp wave SharpWave EpSO:SimpleMotorSeizure SimpleMotorSeizure simpl motor seizur simple motor seizure SimpleMotorSeizure EpSO:SimpleMotorStatus SimpleMotorStatus simpl motor status simple motor status SimpleMotorStatus EpSO:SleepParalysis SleepParalysis sleep paralysi sleep paralysis SleepParalysis EpSO:SlowActivity SlowActivity slow activ slow activity SlowActivity EpSO:SomatosensoryAura SomatosensoryAura somatosensori aura somatosensory aura SomatosensoryAura EpSO:SomatosensoryAuraStatus SomatosensoryAuraStatus somatosensori aura status somatosensory aura status SomatosensoryAuraStatus EpSO:Spike Spike spike Spike EpSO:SubstanceAbuse SubstanceAbuse substanc abus substance abuse SubstanceAbuse EpSO:Telencephalon Telencephalon telencephalon Telencephalon EpSO:TemporalLobe TemporalLobe tempor tempor cortex tempor lobe temporal temporal cortex temporal lobe TemporalLobe EpSO:TemporalLobeEpilepsy TemporalLobeEpilepsy tempor lobe epilepsi temporal lobe epilepsy TemporalLobeEpilepsy EpSO:Thigh Thigh proxim segment of free lower limb proximal segment of free lower limb thigh Thigh EpSO:Tongue Tongue tongu tongue Tongue EpSO:TonicClonicSeizure TonicClonicSeizure tonic clonic seizur tonic clonic seizure tonic-clon seizur tonic-clonic seizure TonicClonicSeizure EpSO:TonicSeizure TonicSeizure tonic seizur tonic seizure TonicSeizure EpSO:TonicStatus TonicStatus tonic status TonicStatus EpSO:TraumaticBrainInjury TraumaticBrainInjury traumat brain injuri traumatic brain injury TraumaticBrainInjury EpSO:TriphasicWave TriphasicWave triphas wave triphasic wave TriphasicWave EpSO:Trunk Trunk torso trunk Trunk EpSO:TypicalDialepticSeizure TypicalDialepticSeizure typic dialept seizur typical dialeptic seizure TypicalDialepticSeizure EpSO:TypicalDialepticStatus TypicalDialepticStatus typic dialept status typical dialeptic status TypicalDialepticStatus EpSO:UnknownCause UnknownCause unknown caus unknown cause UnknownCause EpSO:VersiveSeizure VersiveSeizure versiv seizur versive seizure VersiveSeizure EpSO:VersiveStatus VersiveStatus versiv status versive status VersiveStatus EpSO:VisualAgnosia VisualAgnosia visual agnosia VisualAgnosia EpSO:VisualAura VisualAura visual aura VisualAura EpSO:VisualAuraStatus VisualAuraStatus visual aura status VisualAuraStatus EpSO:VisualHallucination VisualHallucination visual hallucin visual hallucination VisualHallucination EpSO:VisualIllusion VisualIllusion visual illus visual illusion VisualIllusion EpSO:WicketSpike WicketSpike wicket spike WicketSpike sParalysis s paralysi s paralysis sParalysis EPISEM:absence_seizure absence_seizure absenc seizur absence seizure absence_seizure EPISEM:amnesia amnesia amnesia memori loss memory loss amnesia EPISEM:aphasia aphasia aphasia dysphasia aphasia EPISEM:ataxia ataxia ataxia dyssynergia; dystaxia ataxia EPISEM:auditory_hallucinations auditory_hallucinations Percept of sound in the absenc of a correspond stimulus. auditori hallucin auditory hallucinations perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding stimulus. auditory_hallucinations EPISEM:aura aura aura d0000009 aura EPISEM:aura_smell_uncinate aura_smell_uncinate aura aura smell uncin aura smell uncinate aura_smell_uncinate EPISEM:aura_somatosensory aura_somatosensory aura aura somatosensori aura somatosensory aura_somatosensory EPISEM:automatisms automatisms Automatic, mechanical, and appar undirect behavior which is outsid of conscious control. automat automatic, mechanical, and apparently undirected behavior which is outside of conscious control. automatisms automatisms EPISEM:bilateral_carotid_bruit bilateral_carotid_bruit bilater carotid bruit bilateral carotid bruit neck bilateral_carotid_bruit EPISEM:bipolar bipolar bipolar bipolar EPISEM:burning_pain burning_pain A sensat of intensley hot or sear discomfort. a sensation of intensley hot or searing discomfort. burn pain burning pain burning_pain EPISEM:cataplexy cataplexy cataplexi cataplexy transient attack of weak precipit by emot excitement; patient fall as if struck down. transient attack of weakness precipitated by emotional excitement; patient falls as if struck down. cataplexy EPISEM:cerebral_hemorrhage cerebral_hemorrhage cerebr hemorrhag cerebral hemorrhage d0000847 cerebral_hemorrhage EPISEM:cerebral_infarction cerebral_infarction cerebr infarct cerebral infarction d0000835 cerebral_infarction EPISEM:cerebrovascular_disease cerebrovascular_disease cerebrovascular diseas cerebrovascular disease d0000842 cerebrovascular_disease EPISEM:choking choking choke choking choking EPISEM:coma coma coma comatos comatose coma EPISEM:complex_partial_seizure complex_partial_seizure A type of focal-onset saeizur character by impair awareness. Aware dure a seizur is defin as the patient be fulli awar of themself and their environ throughout the seizure, even if immobile. If awar is impair at ani point dure the seizure, the seizur is a focal impair awar seizure. The degre of loss of awar may vary. a type of focal-onset saeizure characterized by impaired awareness. awareness during a seizure is defined as the patient being fully aware of themself and their environment throughout the seizure, even if immobile. if awareness is impaired at any point during the seizure, the seizure is a focal impaired awareness seizure. the degree of loss of awareness may vary. complex partial seizur complex partial seizure complex_partial_seizure EPISEM:confusion confusion confus confusion confusion state; dazed; muddled; cloud conscious confusional state; dazed; muddled; clouded consciousness confusion EPISEM:decorticate_posture decorticate_posture decort decort postur decorticate posture decortication decorticate_posture EPISEM:deja_vu deja_vu deja vu deja_vu EPISEM:depressed depressed c0344315 depress depressed depressed EPISEM:diplopia diplopia diplopia seee double; doubl vision seeeing double; double vision diplopia EPISEM:distal_muscle_weakness_mild distal_muscle_weakness_mild distal muscl weak mild distal muscle weakness mild weak distal_muscle_weakness_mild EPISEM:drowsy drowsy The sensat of struggl to remain awake. drowsi drowsy the sensation of struggling to remain awake. drowsy EPISEM:dysmorphic_face dysmorphic_face dysmorph face dysmorphic face head dysmorphic_face EPISEM:dysphasia dysphasia 20301004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 20301004^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer dysphasia dysphasia EPISEM:dystonic_posture dystonic_posture 249847000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 249847000^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer dyston postur dystonic posture dystonic_posture EPISEM:electric_shock_sensations electric_shock_sensations electr shock sensat electric shock sensations electric_shock_sensations EPISEM:encephalopathy encephalopathy Encephalopathi is a term that mean brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathi is manifest by an alter mental state. encephalopathi encephalopathy encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. in general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state. encephalopathy EPISEM:fatigue fatigue fatigu fatigue state of weari follow a period of exertion, mental or physical, character by a decreas capac for work and reduc effici to respond to stimuli. state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli. fatigue EPISEM:fear fear Feel of dread or distress whose caus can be identifi fear feeling of dread or distress whose cause can be identified fear EPISEM:fever fever Abnormal high bodi temperatur abnormal high body temperature fever fever EPISEM:finger_and_wrist_extensor_weakness finger_and_wrist_extensor_weakness finger and wrist extensor weak finger and wrist extensor weakness weak finger_and_wrist_extensor_weakness EPISEM:foot_dorsiflexor_weakness foot_dorsiflexor_weakness foot dorsiflexor weak foot dorsiflexor weakness weak foot_dorsiflexor_weakness EPISEM:generalized_seizure generalized_seizure general seizur generalized seizure generalized_seizure EPISEM:headache headache headach headache pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isol and benign symptom or as a manifest of a wide varieti of conditions. pain in the cranial region that may occur as an isolated and benign symptom or as a manifestation of a wide variety of conditions. headache EPISEM:hemiparesis hemiparesis Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometim face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refer to a complet loss of strength, wherea hemiparesi refer to an incomplet loss of strength. hemiparesi hemiparesis loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength. hemiparesis EPISEM:hip_flexor_weakness hip_flexor_weakness hip flexor weak hip flexor weakness weak hip_flexor_weakness EPISEM:hypertelorism hypertelorism head hypertelor hypertelorism hypertelorism EPISEM:hypertonia hypertonia hypertonia muscl hypertonia muscle hypertonia hypertonia EPISEM:hypotonia hypotonia hypotonia muscl hypotonia muscle hypotonia hypotonia EPISEM:ictal_infantile_spasms ictal_infantile_spasms ictal ictal infantil spasm ictal infantile spasms ictal_infantile_spasms EPISEM:ictal_nystagmus ictal_nystagmus d0000109 ictal nystagmus ictal_nystagmus EPISEM:ictal_speech ictal_speech d0000121 ictal speech ictal_speech EPISEM:impaired_balance impaired_balance balance impair balanc impaired balance impaired_balance EPISEM:impaired_cognition impaired_cognition Diminish or impair mental and/or intellectu function. diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function. impair cognit impaired cognition impaired_cognition EPISEM:increased_head_circumference increased_head_circumference head increas head circumfer increased head circumference increased_head_circumference EPISEM:insomnia insomnia insomnia insomnia EPISEM:jamais_vu jamais_vu jamai vu jamais vu jamais_vu EPISEM:learning_disability learning_disability c0751265 learn disabl learning disability learning_disability EPISEM:left_carotid_bruit left_carotid_bruit left carotid bruit neck left_carotid_bruit EPISEM:left_foot_drop left_foot_drop left foot drop weak left_foot_drop EPISEM:meningism meningism Mening is a set of symptom similar to those of mening but not caus by meningitis. Wherea mening is inflamm of the mening (membran that cover the central nervous system), mening is caus by nonmeningit irrit of the meninges, usual associ with acut febril illness,especi in children and adolesc mening meningism meningism is a set of symptoms similar to those of meningitis but not caused by meningitis. whereas meningitis is inflammation of the meninges (membranes that cover the central nervous system), meningism is caused by nonmeningitic irritation of the meninges, usually associated with acute febrile illness,especially in children and adolescents meningism EPISEM:mental_retardation mental_retardation Subnorm intellectu function which origin dure the development period; multipl potenti etiologies, includ genet defect and perinat insults; intellig quotient (IQ) score are common use to determin whether an individu is mental retarded; IQ score between 70 and 79 are in the borderlin mental retard rang and score below 67 are in the retard range. mental retard mental retardation subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period; multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults; intelligence quotient (iq) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual is mentally retarded; iq scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline mentally retarded range and scores below 67 are in the retarded range. mental_retardation EPISEM:metamorphopsia metamorphopsia A visual anomali in which imag appear distorted. A grid of straight line appear wavi and part of the grid may appear blank. a visual anomaly in which images appear distorted. a grid of straight lines appears wavy and parts of the grid may appear blank. metamorphopsia metamorphopsia EPISEM:microcephaly microcephaly head microcephali microcephaly microcephaly EPISEM:muscle_weakness_proximal_limb_muscle_mild_to_moderate muscle_weakness_proximal_limb_muscle_mild_to_moderate muscl weak proxim limb muscl mild to moder muscle weakness proximal limb muscle mild to moderate weak muscle_weakness_proximal_limb_muscle_mild_to_moderate EPISEM:mydriasis mydriasis dilat pupil dilated pupil mydriasi mydriasis mydriasis EPISEM:narcolepsy narcolepsy narcolepsi narcolepsy recurrent, uncontrol brief episod of sleep and laps in consciousness, often associ with hypnagog hallucinations, cataplexy, automat behavior and sleep paralysi recurrent, uncontrollable brief episodes of sleep and lapses in consciousness, often associated with hypnagogic hallucinations, cataplexy, automatic behaviors and sleep paralysis narcolepsy EPISEM:nausea nausea c0027497 nausea nausea EPISEM:numbness numbness c0028643 numb numbness numbness EPISEM:olfactory_hallucination olfactory_hallucination Percept of a smell in the absenc of a correspond stimulus. olfactori hallucin olfactory hallucination perception of a smell in the absence of a corresponding stimulus. olfactory_hallucination EPISEM:pain pain pain pain EPISEM:palinopsia palinopsia palinopsia visual persever visual perseveration palinopsia EPISEM:paresthesia paresthesia Abnormal sensat such as tingling, pricking, or numb of the skin with no appar physic cause. abnormal sensations such as tingling, pricking, or numbness of the skin with no apparent physical cause. paresthesia paresthesia EPISEM:proximal_muscle_weakness_limb_girdle_distribution proximal_muscle_weakness_limb_girdle_distribution proxim muscl weak limb girdl distribut proximal muscle weakness limb girdle distribution weak proximal_muscle_weakness_limb_girdle_distribution EPISEM:proximal_weakness_of_the_lower_extremities proximal_weakness_of_the_lower_extremities proxim weak of the lower extrem proximal weakness of the lower extremities weak proximal_weakness_of_the_lower_extremities EPISEM:retropulsion retropulsion Retropuls is a form of balanc instabl in which patient fall backwards. It common observ in patient with balanc difficulti due to Parkinson disease. retropuls retropulsion retropulsion is a form of balance instability in which patients fall backwards. it commonly observed in patients with balance difficulties due to parkinson's disease. retropulsion EPISEM:right_carotid_bruit right_carotid_bruit neck right carotid bruit right_carotid_bruit EPISEM:right_foot_drop right_foot_drop right foot drop weak right_foot_drop EPISEM:right_hemiparesis right_hemiparesis right hemiparesi right hemiparesis weak right_hemiparesis EPISEM:scotoma scotoma Local defect in the visual field border by an area of normal vision. localized defect in the visual field bordered by an area of normal vision. scotoma scotoma EPISEM:seizures seizures seizur seizures seizures EPISEM:sensory_symptoms sensory_symptoms sensori symptom sensory symptoms sensory_symptoms EPISEM:simple_partial_seizure simple_partial_seizure simpl partial seizur simple partial seizure simple_partial_seizure EPISEM:skin_finding skin_finding c0455205 skin find skin finding skin_finding EPISEM:sleep_paralysis sleep_paralysis An inabl to move the bodi at sleep onset or upon awaken from sleep last second to a few minutes. an inability to move the body at sleep onset or upon awakening from sleep lasting seconds to a few minutes. sleep paralysi sleep paralysis sleep_paralysis EPISEM:small_head_circumference small_head_circumference head small head circumfer small head circumference small_head_circumference EPISEM:spatial_disorientation spatial_disorientation 112077003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integ 112077003^^http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema#integer spatial disorient spatial disorientation spatial_disorientation EPISEM:symptom symptom Usualli a complaint by the patient that is indic of a diseas process. symptom usually a complaint by the patient that is indicative of a disease process. symptom EPISEM:syncope syncope syncop syncope syncope EPISEM:tonic_clonic_seizure tonic_clonic_seizure tonic clonic seizur tonic clonic seizure tonic_clonic_seizure EPISEM:tremor tremor An unintentional, oscil to-and-fro muscl movement about a joint axis. Tremor are classifi by their etiolog (familial, parkinsonian, etc.), their locat (head, limb, etc.), frequenc (slow or fast), or elecit factor (rest, action, etc.), an unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis. tremors are classified by their etiology (familial, parkinsonian, etc.), their location (head, limb, etc.), frequency (slow or fast), or eleciting factor (rest, action, etc.), tremor tremor EPISEM:unable_to_stand unable_to_stand balance unabl to stand unable to stand unable_to_stand EPISEM:unconscious unconscious Loss of the abil to maintain awar of self and environ combin with mark reduc respons to environment stimuli. loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. unconsci unconscious unconscious EPISEM:unresponsive unresponsive non respons non responsive unrespons unresponsive unresponsive EPISEM:unresponsiveness unresponsiveness unrespons unresponsiveness unresponsiveness EPISEM:upper_and_lower_limb_weakness upper_and_lower_limb_weakness upper and lower limb weak upper and lower limb weakness weak upper_and_lower_limb_weakness EPISEM:vertigo vertigo Vertigo is a symptom, rather than a condit itself. It the sensat that you, or the environ around you, is move or spin vertigo vertigo is a symptom, rather than a condition itself. it's the sensation that you, or the environment around you, is moving or spinning vertigo EPISEM:visual_agnosia visual_agnosia Difficulti in recogn object by visual input in absenc of sensori visual impair difficulty in recognizing objects by visual input in absence of sensorial visual impairment visual agnosia visual_agnosia EPISEM:visual_hallucination visual_hallucination Optical percept of an object, person or event in the absenc of a correspond stimulus. optical perception of an object, person or event in the absence of a corresponding stimulus. visual hallucin visual hallucination visual_hallucination EPISEM:vomiting vomiting emesi emesis vomit vomiting vomiting EPISEM:weak_right_hand weak_right_hand weak weak right hand weak_right_hand EPISEM:weakness_in_both_legs weakness_in_both_legs weak weak in both leg weakness in both legs weakness_in_both_legs EPISEM:weakness_of_abdominals weakness_of_abdominals weak weak of abdomin weakness of abdominals weakness_of_abdominals EPISEM:weakness_of_ankle_dorsiflexion weakness_of_ankle_dorsiflexion weak weak of ankl dorsiflexion weakness of ankle dorsiflexion weakness_of_ankle_dorsiflexion EPISEM:weakness_of_ankle_eversion weakness_of_ankle_eversion weak weak of ankl evers weakness of ankle eversion weakness_of_ankle_eversion EPISEM:weakness_of_ankle_inversion weakness_of_ankle_inversion weak weak of ankl invers weakness of ankle inversion weakness_of_ankle_inversion EPISEM:weakness_of_ankle_plantar_flexion weakness_of_ankle_plantar_flexion weak weak of ankl plantar flexion weakness of ankle plantar flexion weakness_of_ankle_plantar_flexion EPISEM:weakness_of_finger_abduction_left_hand weakness_of_finger_abduction_left_hand weak weak of finger abduct left hand weakness of finger abduction left hand weakness_of_finger_abduction_left_hand EPISEM:weakness_of_finger_abduction_of_right_hand weakness_of_finger_abduction_of_right_hand weak weak of finger abduct of right hand weakness of finger abduction of right hand weakness_of_finger_abduction_of_right_hand EPISEM:weakness_of_finger_extensors weakness_of_finger_extensors weak weak of finger extensor weakness of finger extensors weakness_of_finger_extensors EPISEM:weakness_of_hand_grip weakness_of_hand_grip weak weak of hand grip weakness of hand grip weakness_of_hand_grip EPISEM:weakness_of_hip weakness_of_hip weak weak of hip weakness of hip weakness_of_hip EPISEM:weakness_of_hip_abductors weakness_of_hip_abductors weak weak of hip abductor weakness of hip abductors weakness_of_hip_abductors EPISEM:weakness_of_hip_adductors weakness_of_hip_adductors weak weak of hip adductor weakness of hip adductors weakness_of_hip_adductors EPISEM:weakness_of_hip_extensors weakness_of_hip_extensors weak weak of hip extensor weakness of hip extensors weakness_of_hip_extensors EPISEM:weakness_of_hip_flexors weakness_of_hip_flexors weak weak of hip flexor weakness of hip flexors weakness_of_hip_flexors EPISEM:weakness_of_intrinsic_hand_muscles weakness_of_intrinsic_hand_muscles weak weak of intrins hand muscl weakness of intrinsic hand muscles weakness_of_intrinsic_hand_muscles EPISEM:weakness_of_jaw_muscles weakness_of_jaw_muscles hemianopsia weak of jaw muscl weakness of jaw muscles weakness_of_jaw_muscles EPISEM:weakness_of_knee weakness_of_knee weak weak of knee weakness of knee weakness_of_knee EPISEM:weakness_of_knee_extension weakness_of_knee_extension weak weak of knee extens weakness of knee extension weakness_of_knee_extension EPISEM:weakness_of_knee_flexors weakness_of_knee_flexors weak weak of knee flexor weakness of knee flexors weakness_of_knee_flexors EPISEM:weakness_of_neck_extensors weakness_of_neck_extensors weak weak of neck extensor weakness of neck extensors weakness_of_neck_extensors EPISEM:weakness_of_right_leg weakness_of_right_leg weak weak of right leg weakness of right leg weakness_of_right_leg EPISEM:weakness_of_thumb_abduction weakness_of_thumb_abduction weak weak of thumb abduct weakness of thumb abduction weakness_of_thumb_abduction EPISEM:weakness_of_thumb_opposition weakness_of_thumb_opposition weak weak of thumb opposit weakness of thumb opposition weakness_of_thumb_opposition EPISEM:weakness_of_wrist weakness_of_wrist weak weak of wrist weakness of wrist weakness_of_wrist EPISEM:weakness_of_wrist_flexion weakness_of_wrist_flexion weak weak of wrist flexion weakness of wrist flexion weakness_of_wrist_flexion EPILONT:Atonic_Seizure Atonic_Seizure An epilept seizur character by sudden loss of muscl tone; may caus head drop, object to fall from the hands, or falling.@en an epileptic seizure characterized by sudden loss of muscle tone; may cause head drop, objects to fall from the hands, or falling.@en aton seizur atonic seizure crise atónica Atonic_Seizure EPILONT:Atypical_Absence_Seizure Atypical_Absence_Seizure A stare spell character by partial impair of consciousness; often occur in children with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.@en a staring spell characterized by partial impairment of consciousness; often occurs in children with the lennox-gastaut syndrome.@en atyp absenc seizur atypical absence seizure crise de ausência atípica Atypical_Absence_Seizure EPILONT:Aura Aura A warn befor a seizure; a simpl partial seizur occur within second or minut befor a complex partial or secondarili general tonic-clon seizure, or it may occur alone; also a warn- befor a migrain headach or a primari general seizure.@en a warning before a seizure; a simple partial seizure occurring within seconds or minutes before a complex partial or secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizure, or it may occur alone; also a warn-ing before a migraine headache or a primary generalized seizure.@en aura Aura EPILONT:Aura_Continua Aura_Continua aura continua aura contínua Aura_Continua EPILONT:Automatism Automatism Automatic, involuntari movement dure a seizure; may involv mouth, hand, leg, or bodi movements; conscious is usual impaired; occur dure complex partial and absenc seizur and after tonic-clon seizures.@en automat automatic, involuntary movement during a seizure; may involve mouth, hand, leg, or body movements; consciousness is usually impaired; occurs during complex partial and absence seizures and after tonic-clonic seizures.@en automatism automatismo Automatism EPILONT:Autosomal_dominant_nocturnal_frontal_lobe_epilepsy Autosomal_dominant_nocturnal_frontal_lobe_epilepsy autosom domin nocturn frontal lobe epilepsi autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy epilepsia nocturna do lobo frontal, autossómica dominant epilepsia nocturna do lobo frontal, autossómica dominante Autosomal_dominant_nocturnal_frontal_lobe_epilepsy EPILONT:Benign_childhood_epilepsy_with_centrotemporal_spikes Benign_childhood_epilepsy_with_centrotemporal_spikes benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spike benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes epilepsia benigna da criança com ponta centro-temporai epilepsia benigna da criança com pontas centro-temporais Benign_childhood_epilepsy_with_centrotemporal_spikes EPILONT:Benign_familial_infantile_seizures Benign_familial_infantile_seizures benign famili infantil seizur benign familial infantile seizures crise familiar benigna infanti crises familiares benignas infantis Benign_familial_infantile_seizures EPILONT:Benign_myoclonic_epilepsy_in_infancy Benign_myoclonic_epilepsy_in_infancy benign myoclon epilepsi in infanc benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy epilepsia mioclónica benigna na infância Benign_myoclonic_epilepsy_in_infancy EPILONT:Cerebral_Hemisphere Cerebral_Hemisphere One side of the cerebrum (upper brain). Each hemispher contain four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.@en cerebr hemispher cerebral hemisphere hemisfério cerebr hemisfério cerebral one side of the cerebrum (upper brain). each hemisphere contains four lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.@en Cerebral_Hemisphere EPILONT:Cerebral_Palsy Cerebral_Palsy A condit with combin of impair muscl tone and strength, coordination, and intelligence.@en a condition with combinations of impaired muscle tone and strength, coordination, and intelligence.@en cerebr palsi cerebral palsy paralisia cerebr paralisia cerebral Cerebral_Palsy EPILONT:Childhood_absence_epilepsy Childhood_absence_epilepsy childhood absenc epilepsi childhood absence epilepsy epilepsia de ausência na criança epilepsia de ausências na criança Childhood_absence_epilepsy EPILONT:Clonic_Seizure Clonic_Seizure An epilept seizur character by jerk movement and involv muscl on both sides.@en an epileptic seizure characterized by jerking movements and involving muscles on both sides.@en clonic seizur clonic seizure crise clónica Clonic_Seizure EPILONT:Cognitive Cognitive Pertain to the mental process of perceiving, thinking, and remembering; i.e., intellectu functions.@en cognit cognitive cognição pertaining to the mental processes of perceiving, thinking, and remembering; i.e., intellectual functions.@en Cognitive EPILONT:Consciousness Consciousness State of awareness; if conscious is preserv dure a seizure, the person can respond and recal what occur dure the spell.@en conscious consciousness consciência state of awareness; if consciousness is preserved during a seizure, the person can respond and recall what occurred during the spell.@en Consciousness EPILONT:Cortical_Dysplasia Cortical_Dysplasia An abnorm in the develop and organ of the cerebr córtex that can caus seizur and other neurolog disorders.@en an abnormality in the development and organization of the cerebral córtex that can cause seizures and other neurologic disorders.@en cortic dyplasia cortic dysplasia cortical dyplasia cortical dysplasia Cortical_Dysplasia EPILONT:Electrode Electrode A conductor through which electr current enter or leaves. When use to record the electroencephalogarm, a small metal disc attach to a wire is usual used.@en a conductor through which electrical current enters or leaves. when used to record the electroencephalogarm, a small metal disc attached to a wire is usually used.@en electrod electrode eléctrodo Electrode EPILONT:Epilepsy Epilepsy chronic neurolog disord character by recurr seizures@en chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures@en epilepsi epilepsia epilepsy Epilepsy EPILONT:Epilepsy_with_myoclonic_absences Epilepsy_with_myoclonic_absences epilepsi with myoclon absenc epilepsia com ausência mioclónica epilepsia com ausências mioclónicas epilepsy with myoclonic absences Epilepsy_with_myoclonic_absences EPILONT:Familial_temporal_lobe_epilepsies Familial_temporal_lobe_epilepsies epilepsia do lobo tempor familiar epilepsias do lobo temporal familiares famili tempor lobe epilepsi familial temporal lobe epilepsies Familial_temporal_lobe_epilepsies EPILONT:Febrile_seizures Febrile_seizures crise febri crises febris febril seizur febrile seizures Febrile_seizures EPILONT:Focus Focus The center or region of the brain from which seizur begin; use in refer to partial seizures.@en foco focus the center or region of the brain from which seizures begin; used in reference to partial seizures.@en Focus EPILONT:Gelastic_Seizure Gelastic_Seizure crise gelástica gelast seizur gelastic seizure Gelastic_Seizure EPILONT:Generalized_Seizure Generalized_Seizure crise generalizada general seizur generalized seizure Generalized_Seizure EPILONT:Generalized_Status_Epilepticus Generalized_Status_Epilepticus estado de mal generalizado general status epilepticus generalized status epilepticus Generalized_Status_Epilepticus EPILONT:Hemiclonic_Seizure Hemiclonic_Seizure crise hemiclónica crise hemiclónicas hemiclon seizur hemiclonic seizure Hemiclonic_Seizure EPILONT:Ictal Ictal Refer to the period dure a sudden attack, such as a seizur or stroke.@en ictal referring to the period during a sudden attack, such as a seizure or stroke.@en Ictal EPILONT:Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsies_of_Infancy_and_Childhood Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsies_of_Infancy_and_Childhood epilepsia focai idiopática da infância e da criança epilepsias focais idiopáticas da infância e da criança idiopath focal epilepsi of infanc and childhood idiopathic focal epilepsies of infancy and childhood Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsies_of_Infancy_and_Childhood EPILONT:Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies epilepsia generalizada idiopática epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas idiopath general epilepsi idiopathic generalized epilepsies Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsies EPILONT:Idiopathic_generalized_epilepsies_with_variable_phenotypes Idiopathic_generalized_epilepsies_with_variable_phenotypes epilepsia generalizada idiopática com fenótipo variávei epilepsias generalizadas idiopáticas com fenótipos variáveis idiopath general epilepsi with variabl phenotyp idiopathic generalized epilepsies with variable phenotypes Idiopathic_generalized_epilepsies_with_variable_phenotypes EPILONT:Idiopathic_photosensitive_occipital_lobe_epilepsy Idiopathic_photosensitive_occipital_lobe_epilepsy epilepsia do lobo occipit fotossensível idiopática epilepsia do lobo occipital fotossensível idiopática idiopath photosensit occipit lobe epilepsi idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy Idiopathic_photosensitive_occipital_lobe_epilepsy EPILONT:Interictal Interictal Refer to the period between seizures.@en interict interictal referring to the period between seizures.@en Interictal EPILONT:Juvenile_absence_epilepsy Juvenile_absence_epilepsy epilepsia de ausência juvenil epilepsia de ausências juvenil juvenil absenc epilepsi juvenile absence epilepsy Juvenile_absence_epilepsy EPILONT:Juvenile_myoclonic_epilepsy Juvenile_myoclonic_epilepsy epilepsia mioclónica juvenil juvenil myoclon epilepsi juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Juvenile_myoclonic_epilepsy EPILONT:Limbic_epilepsies Limbic_epilepsies epilepsia límbica epilepsias límbicas limbic epilepsi limbic epilepsies Limbic_epilepsies EPILONT:Mesial_temporal_lobe_epilepsy_defined_by_specific_etiologies Mesial_temporal_lobe_epilepsy_defined_by_specific_etiologies epilepsia do lobo tempor mesial definida por etiologia específica epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial definida por etiologias específicas mesial tempor lobe epilepsi defin by specif etiolog mesial temporal lobe epilepsy defined by specific etiologies Mesial_temporal_lobe_epilepsy_defined_by_specific_etiologies EPILONT:Mesial_temporal_lobe_epilepsy_with_hippocampal_sclerosis Mesial_temporal_lobe_epilepsy_with_hippocampal_sclerosis epilepsia do lobo tempor mesial com escleros do hipocampo epilepsia do lobo temporal mesial com esclerose do hipocampo mesial tempor lobe epilepsi with hippocamp sclerosi mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis Mesial_temporal_lobe_epilepsy_with_hippocampal_sclerosis EPILONT:Myoclonic_Absence_Seizure Myoclonic_Absence_Seizure Myoclon absenc is a rare seizur type with a male preponderance; The seizur are of sudden onset and offset, occur especi soon after awakening, and can be precipit by hyperventilation. The seizur durat rang from less than 10 second to more than 2 minutes, and the seizur frequenc is usual high.@en crise de ausência mioclónica myoclon absenc seizur myoclonic absence seizure myoclonic absences is a rare seizure type with a male preponderance; the seizures are of sudden onset and offset, occurring especially soon after awakening, and can be precipitated by hyperventilation. the seizure duration ranges from less than 10 seconds to more than 2 minutes, and the seizure frequency is usually high.@en Myoclonic_Absence_Seizure EPILONT:Myoclonic_Seizure Myoclonic_Seizure A rare group of epilepsies, often inherit character by myoclon and other seizur and progress neurolog impairment.@en a rare group of epilepsies, often inherited characterized by myoclonic and other seizures and progressive neurologic impairment.@en crise mioclónica myoclon seizur myoclonic seizure Myoclonic_Seizure EPILONT:Ohtahara_syndrome Ohtahara_syndrome ohtahara syndrom ohtahara syndrome síndrome de ohtahara Ohtahara_syndrome EPILONT:Paroxysmal Paroxysmal Pertain to a sudden outburst, such sudden symptom or epileptiform activ on the EEG.@en paroxysm paroxysmal pertaining to a sudden outburst, such sudden symptoms or epileptiform activity on the eeg.@en Paroxysmal EPILONT:Postictal Postictal Refer to the period immedi after a seizure.@en postict postictal referring to the period immediately after a seizure.@en Postictal EPILONT:Primary_reading_epilepsy Primary_reading_epilepsy epilepsia primária da leitura primari read epilepsi primary reading epilepsy Primary_reading_epilepsy EPILONT:Prognosis Prognosis The outlook for a medic condition; the chanc the condit will improve, remain unchanged, or worsen.@en prognosi prognosis prognóstico the outlook for a medical condition; the chances the condition will improve, remain unchanged, or worsen.@en Prognosis EPILONT:Rasmussen_syndrome Rasmussen_syndrome A disord with frequent or continu partial seizur and a progress abnorm in the brain, possibl the result of a virus or autoimmun process.@en a disorder with frequent or continuous partial seizures and a progressive abnormality in the brain, possibly the result of a virus or autoimmune process.@en rasmussen syndrom rasmussen syndrome síndrome de rasmussen Rasmussen_syndrome EPILONT:Reflex_Epilepsies Reflex_Epilepsies epilepsia reflexa epilepsias reflexas reflex epilepsi reflex epilepsies Reflex_Epilepsies EPILONT:Reflex_seizures Reflex_seizures crise reflexa crises reflexas reflex seizur reflex seizures Reflex_seizures EPILONT:Seizure Seizure A sudden, excess discharg of nervous-system electr activ that usual caus a chang in behavior@en a sudden, excessive discharge of nervous-system electrical activity that usually causes a change in behavior@en crise seizur seizure Seizure EPILONT:Sharp_Wave Sharp_Wave An EEG pattern indic the potenti for epilepsy; “benign” sharp wave are not associ with seizures.@en an eeg pattern indicating the potential for epilepsy; “benign” sharp waves are not associated with seizures.@en sharp wave Sharp_Wave EPILONT:Spasms Spasms Spasm consist of brief massiv contract of the axial musculature, that may be in flexion, extension, or mixed. They last a fraction of a second but recur in cluster of 5 to 50, sever cluster occur each day, often on awakening.@en espasmo espasmos spasm spasms spasms consist of brief massive contractions of the axial musculature, that may be in flexion, extension, or mixed. they last a fraction of a second but recur in clusters of 5 to 50, several clusters occurring each day, often on awakening.@en Spasms EPILONT:Spike Spike An EEG pattern strong correl with seizures;@en an eeg pattern strongly correlated with seizures;@en pico spike Spike EPILONT:Startle_epilepsy Startle_epilepsy epilepsia do susto (surpresa) startl epilepsi startle epilepsy Startle_epilepsy EPILONT:Syncope Syncope fainting@en syncop syncope Syncope EPILONT:Tonic-clonic_Seizure Tonic-clonic_Seizure A convulsion; newer term for grand mal or major motor seizure; character by loss of consciousness, falling, stiffening, and jerking.@en a convulsion; newer term for grand mal or major motor seizure; characterized by loss of consciousness, falling, stiffening, and jerking.@en crise tónico-clónica crise tónico-clónicas tonic-clon seizur tonic-clonic seizure Tonic-clonic_Seizure EPILONT:Tonic_Seizure Tonic_Seizure An epilept seizur that caus stiffen on both side of the body, and electr discharg involv all or most of the brain.@en an epileptic seizure that causes stiffening on both sides of the body, and electrical discharge involves all or most of the brain.@en crise tónica tonic seizur tonic seizure Tonic_Seizure EPILONT:Typical_Absence_Seizure Typical_Absence_Seizure Typic absenc are brief, general epilept seizur of sudden onset and termination. They have 2 essenti components: (1) clinic the impair of conscious (absence) and (2) EEG general 3 Hz to 4 Hz (less than 2.5 Hz) spike and slow wave discharges.@en crise de ausência típica typic absenc seizur typical absence seizure typical absences are brief, generalized epileptic seizures of sudden onset and termination. they have 2 essential components: (1) clinically the impairment of consciousness (absence) and (2) eeg generalized 3 hz to 4 hz (less than 2.5 hz) spike and slow wave discharges.@en Typical_Absence_Seizure EPILONT:West_syndrome West_syndrome An epilept syndrom character by infantil spasms, mental retardation, and an abnorm EEG pattern (hypsarrhythmia); begin befor 1 year of age.@en an epileptic syndrome characterized by infantile spasms, mental retardation, and an abnormal eeg pattern (hypsarrhythmia); begins before 1 year of age.@en síndrome de west west syndrom west syndrome West_syndrome s_syndrome s syndrom s syndrome síndrome de dravet s_syndrome ESSO:Abdominal_Aura Abdominal_Aura Bancaud 1981 Autonom symptoms: epigastr sensat ILAE 1989 Rise Epigastr Discomfort Nausea Sink Feel Luder 1998 Abdomin Aura Patient with tempor lobe epilepsi frequent have aura with abdomin sensations. Some of these abdomin aura are most probabl the express of increas abdomin peristalsi and therefor correspond to a subgroup of autonom aura (or autonom seizures, if the alter of peristalsi has been documented). In other cases, they may be an express of activ of sensori cortic area of the abdomin viscera. Independ of the pathogenesis, these abdomin aura are close relat to tempor lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appear use to classifi them independ as abdomin auras. Blume 2001 2.2.1.6 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger, sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect octal autonom dysfunction. Blume 2003 Aura includ epigastr sensation, fear and various type of visual, olfactory, or auditori experienti phenomena abdomin aura abdominal aura bancaud 1981 autonomic symptoms: epigastric sensation ilae 1989 rising epigastric discomfort nausea sinking feeling luders 1998 abdominal aura patients with temporal lobe epilepsy frequently have auras with abdominal sensations. some of these abdominal auras are most probably the expression of increased abdominal peristalsis and therefore correspond to a subgroup of autonomic auras (or autonomic seizures, if the alteration of peristalsis has been documented). in other cases, they may be an expression of activation of sensory cortical areas of the abdominal viscera. independent of the pathogenesis, these abdominal auras are closely related to temporal lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appears useful to classify them independently as abdominal auras. blume 2001 2.2.1.6 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger, sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect octal autonomic dysfunction. blume 2003 aurae include epigastric sensation, fear and various types of visual, olfactory, or auditory experiential phenomena Abdominal_Aura ESSO:Abdominal_Aura_Status Abdominal_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Abdomin Aura Patient with tempor lobe epilepsi frequent have aura with abdomin sensations. Some of these abdomin aura are most probabl the express of increas abdomin peristalsi and therefor correspond to a subgroup of autonom aura (or autonom seizures, if the alter of peristalsi has been documented). In other cases, they may be an express of activ of sensori cortic area of the abdomin viscera. Independ of the pathogenesis, these abdomin aura are close relat to tempor lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appear use to classifi them independ as abdomin auras. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. abdomin aura status abdominal aura status luders 1998 abdominal aura patients with temporal lobe epilepsy frequently have auras with abdominal sensations. some of these abdominal auras are most probably the expression of increased abdominal peristalsis and therefore correspond to a subgroup of autonomic auras (or autonomic seizures, if the alteration of peristalsis has been documented). in other cases, they may be an expression of activation of sensory cortical areas of the abdominal viscera. independent of the pathogenesis, these abdominal auras are closely related to temporal lobe epilepsy; therefore, it appears useful to classify them independently as abdominal auras. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Abdominal_Aura_Status ESSO:Absence_Seizure Absence_Seizure Bancaud 1981 A. Absenc Seizur The hallmark of the absenc attack is a sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, a blank stare, possibl a brief upward rotat of the eyes. If the patient is speaking, speech is slow or interrupted; if walking, he stand transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. Usualli the patient will be unrespons when spoken to. In some, attack are abort when the patient is spoken to. The attack last from a few second to half a minut and evapor as rapid as it commenced. 1. Absenc with impair of conscious only. The abov descript fit the descript of absenc simpl in which no other activ take place dure the attack. 2. Absenc with mild clonic components. Here the onset of the attack is indistinguish from the above, but clonic
mov may occur in the eyelids, at the
corn of the mouth, or in other muscle
group which may vari in sever from almost impercept movement to general myoclon jerks. Object held in the hand may be dropped. 3. Absenc with aton components. Here there may be a diminut in tone of muscl subserv postur as well as in the limb lead to droop of the head, occasion slump of the trunk, drop of the arms, and relax of the grip. Rarely, tone is suffici diminish to caus this person to fall. 4. Absenc with tonic components. Here dure the attack tonic muscular contract may occur, lead to increas in muscl tone which may affect the extensor muscl or the flexor muscl symmetr or asymmetrically. If the patient is stand the head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch. This may lead to retropulsion. The head may tonic draw to one or anoth side. 5. Absenc with automatisms. (See also prior discuss on automatisms.) Purpos or quasipurpos movement occur in the absenc of awar dure an absenc attack are frequent and may rang from lip lick and swallow to cloth fumbl or aimless walking. If spoken to the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voic and when touch or tickl may rub the site. Automat are quit elabor and may consist of combin of the above-describ movement or may be so simpl as to be miss by casual observation. Mix form of absenc frequent occur. Luder 1998 For example, an episod of alter conscious associ with general 3- Hz, spike-and-wav EEG activ is identifi as an absenc seizure. absenc seizur absence seizure bancaud 1981 a. absence seizures the hallmark of the absence attack is a sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, a blank stare, possibly a brief upward rotation of the eyes. if the patient is speaking, speech is slowed or interrupted; if walking, he stands transfixed; if eating, the food will stop on his way to the mouth. usually the patient will be unresponsive when spoken to. in some, attacks are aborted when the patient is spoken to. the attack lasts from a few seconds to half a minute and evaporates as rapidly as it commenced. 1. absence with impairment of consciousness only. the above description fits the description of absence simple in which no other activities take place during the attack. 2. absence with mild clonic components. here the onset of the attack is indistinguishable from the above, but clonic
movements may occur in the eyelids, at the
corner of the mouth, or in other muscle
groups which may vary in severity from almost imperceptible movements to generalized myoclonic jerks. objects held in the hand may be dropped. 3. absence with atonic components. here there may be a diminution in tone of muscles subserving posture as well as in the limbs leading to drooping of the head, occasionally slumping of the trunk, dropping of the arms, and relaxation of the grip. rarely, tone is sufficiently diminished to cause this person to fall. 4. absence with tonic components. here during the attack tonic muscular contraction may occur, leading to increase in muscle tone which may affect the extensor muscles or the flexor muscles symmetrically or asymmetrically. if the patient is standing the head may be drawn backward and the trunk may arch. this may lead to retropulsion. the head may tonically draw to one or another side. 5. absence with automatisms. (see also prior discussion on automatisms.) purposeful or quasipurposeful movements occurring in the absence of awareness during an absence attack are frequent and may range from lip licking and swallowing to clothes fumbling or aimless walking. if spoken to the patient may grunt or turn to the spoken voice and when touched or tickled may rub the site. automatisms are quite elaborate and may consist of combinations of the above-described movements or may be so simple as to be missed by casual observation. mixed forms of absence frequently occur. luders 1998 for example, an episode of altered consciousness associated with generalized 3- hz, spike-and-wave eeg activity is identified as an absence seizure. Absence_Seizure ESSO:Adolescent_Greater_Than_12-18_years Adolescent_Greater_Than_12-18_years adolesc greater than 12-18 year adolescent greater than 12-18 years blume 2001 berg 2010 Adolescent_Greater_Than_12-18_years ESSO:Adult_Greater_Than_18-60_years Adult_Greater_Than_18-60_years adult greater than 18-60 year adult greater than 18-60 years bancaud 1981 adult life Adult_Greater_Than_18-60_years ESSO:Akinetic_Seizure Akinetic_Seizure Akinet seizur are character by the inabl to perform voluntari movements. Therefore, they can actual be consid negat complex motor seizures. Muscl tone is also frequent lost, but the akinesia is the most promin manifest of the seizure. These seizur are most probabl an express of the activ of the negat motor area in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. Onli patient in whom conscious is preserv dure the seizur can have akinet seizur becaus they .can be test or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. akinet seizur akinetic seizure akinetic seizures are characterized by the inability to perform voluntary movements. therefore, they can actually be considered negative complex motor seizures. muscle tone is also frequently lost, but the akinesia is the most prominent manifestation of the seizure. these seizures are most probably an expression of the activation of the negative motor areas in the mesial frontal and inferior frontal gyri. only patients in whom consciousness is preserved during the seizures can have akinetic seizures because they .can be tested or tell about the “akinetic” symptoms. Akinetic_Seizure ESSO:Alcohol_Abuse Alcohol_Abuse Engel 2001 Alcohol and drug abus alcohol abus alcohol abuse engel 2001 alcohol and drug abuse Alcohol_Abuse ESSO:Alpha_Rhythm Alpha_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Alpha rhythm: Rhythm at 8-13 Hz occur dure wake over the posterior region of the head, general with maximum amplitud over the occipit areas. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 uV in the adult. Best seen with the eye close and dure physic relax and relat mental inactivity. Block or attenu by attention, especi visual, and mental effort. Comment: use of term alpha rhythm must be restrict to those rhythm that fulfil these criteria. Activiti in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regard their topographi and/or reactivity, should either have specif appel (for instance: the mu [u] rhythm) or should be refer to as rhythm of alpha frequency, or alpha activity. alpha rhythm noachter 1999 alpha rhythm: rhythm at 8-13 hz occurring during wakefulness over the posterior regions of the head, generally with maximum amplitudes over the occipital areas. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 uv in the adult. best seen with the eyes closed and during physical relaxation and relative mental inactivity. blocked or attenuated by attention, especially visual, and mental effort. comment: use of term alpha rhythm must be restricted to those rhythms that fulfill these criteria. activities in the alpha band which differ from the alpha rhythm as regards their topography and/or reactivity, should either have specific appellations (for instance: the mu [u] rhythm) or should be referred to as rhythms of alpha frequency, or alpha activity. Alpha_Rhythm ESSO:Amaurosis Amaurosis Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. amaurosi amaurosis blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. Amaurosis ESSO:Aminoacidopathy Aminoacidopathy Engel 2001 Aminoacidopathi aminoacidopathi aminoacidopathy engel 2001 aminoacidopathies Aminoacidopathy ESSO:Amnesia Amnesia Unabl to relat event in the morn amnesia unable to relate events in the morning Amnesia ESSO:Angelman_Syndrome Angelman_Syndrome Engel 2001 Angelman Syndrom angelman syndrom angelman syndrome engel 2001 angelman syndrome Angelman_Syndrome ESSO:Aphasic_Seizure Aphasic_Seizure Dure aphas seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. The seizur are probabl a negat phenomenon produc by epilept activ of a cortic languag center, a phenomenon similar to that produc by cortic stimul of languag areas. aphas seizur aphasic seizure during aphasic seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. the seizures are probably a negative phenomenon produced by epileptic activation of a cortical language center, a phenomenon similar to that produced by cortical stimulation of language areas. Aphasic_Seizure ESSO:Aphasic_Status Aphasic_Status Luder 1998 Aphasic Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Dure aphas seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. The seizur are probabl a negat phenomenon produc by epilept activ of a cortic languag center, a phenomenon similar to that produc by cortic stimul of languag areas. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. aphas status aphasic status luders 1998 aphasic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere during aphasic seizures, the patient cannot speak and often cannot understand spoken language. the seizures are probably a negative phenomenon produced by epileptic activation of a cortical language center, a phenomenon similar to that produced by cortical stimulation of language areas. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Aphasic_Status ESSO:Astatic_Seizure Astatic_Seizure Astatic seizur consist of epilept falls. Polygraph studi show that onli in a few patient are the fall the result of aton seizures. In most patients, a myoclon jerk caus the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produc by an atonia that occur immedi after the initi myoclon jerk. Pure general tonic seizur may also lead to an epilept fall. In most patients, however, no video-polygraph studi are perform and the pathogenesi of the fall is uncertain. It seem use to classifi astat seizur separ becaus of the variabl pathogenesi of the falls, which usual remain undefined. astat seizur astatic seizure astatic seizures consist of epileptic falls. polygraphic studies show that only in a few patients are the falls the result of atonic seizures. in most patients, a myoclonic jerk causes the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produced by an atonia that occurs immediately after the initial myoclonic jerk. pure generalized tonic seizures may also lead to an epileptic fall. in most patients, however, no video-polygraphic studies are performed and the pathogenesis of the fall is uncertain. it seems useful to classify astatic seizures separately because of the variable pathogenesis of the falls, which usually remains undefined. Astatic_Seizure ESSO:Astatic_Status Astatic_Status Luder 1998 Astatic seizur Astatic seizur consist of epilept falls. Polygraph studi show that onli in a few patient are the fall the result of aton seizures. In most patients, a myoclon jerk caus the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produc by an atonia that occur immedi after the initi myoclon jerk. Pure general tonic seizur may also lead to an epilept fall. In most patients, however, no video-polygraph studi are perform and the pathogenesi of the fall is uncertain. It seem use to classifi astat seizur separ becaus of the variabl pathogenesi of the falls, which usual remain undefined. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. astat status astatic status luders 1998 astatic seizure astatic seizures consist of epileptic falls. polygraphic studies show that only in a few patients are the falls the result of atonic seizures. in most patients, a myoclonic jerk causes the patient to lose balance, and the fall itself is produced by an atonia that occurs immediately after the initial myoclonic jerk. pure generalized tonic seizures may also lead to an epileptic fall. in most patients, however, no video-polygraphic studies are performed and the pathogenesis of the fall is uncertain. it seems useful to classify astatic seizures separately because of the variable pathogenesis of the falls, which usually remains undefined. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Astatic_Status ESSO:Ataxia Ataxia ataxia Ataxia ESSO:Atonic_Seizure Atonic_Seizure Bancaud 1981 A sudden diminut in muscl tone occur which may be fragmentary, lead to a head drop with slacken of the jaw, the drop of a limb or a loss of all muscl tone lead to a slump to the ground. When these attack are extrem brief they are known a s ‘‘drop attacks.” If conscious is lost, this loss is extrem brief. The sudden loss of postur tone in the head and trunk may lead to injuri by project objects. The face is particular subject to injury. In the case of more prolong aton attacks, the slump may be progress in a rhythmic, success relax manner. (So-cal drop attack may be seen in condit other than epilepsy, such as brainstem ischemia and narcolepsi cataplexi syndrome.) Absenc with aton compon Atonic seizur EEG Seizur Type Polyspik and wave or flatten or low-voltag fast activ EEG interict Expression Polyspik and slow wave ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Atonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Blume 2001 1.1.4 Atonic: Sudden loss of diminut of muscl tone without appar preced myoclon or tonic event last >1 to 2 s, involv head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature. Engel 2001 Myoclon aton seizur Atonic seizur Berg 2010 Atonic Location: Left/right/axial/generalized/bilater asymmetr aton seizur atonic seizure bancaud 1981 a sudden diminution in muscle tone occurs which may be fragmentary, leading to a head drop with slackening of the jaw, the dropping of a limb or a loss of all muscle tone leading to a slumping to the ground. when these attacks are extremely brief they are known a s ‘‘drop attacks.” if consciousness is lost, this loss is extremely brief. the sudden loss of postural tone in the head and trunk may lead to injury by projecting objects. the face is particularly subject to injury. in the case of more prolonged atonic attacks, the slumping may be progressive in a rhythmic, successive relaxation manner. (so-called drop attacks may be seen in conditions other than epilepsy, such as brainstem ischemia and narcolepsy cataplexy syndrome.) absence with atonic components atonic seizures eeg seizure type polyspikes and wave or flattening or low-voltage fast activity eeg interictal expression polyspike and slow wave ilae 1989 luders 1998 atonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric blume 2001 1.1.4 atonic: sudden loss of diminution of muscle tone without apparent preceding myoclonic or tonic event lasting >1 to 2 s, involving head, trunk, jaw, or limb musculature. engel 2001 myoclonic atonic seizures atonic seizures berg 2010 atonic location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric Atonic_Seizure ESSO:Atonic_Status Atonic_Status Luder 1998 Atonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Atonic seizur caus a loss of postur tone. The result is loss of postur (head drops, falls, and so on). Often these seizur are preced by a short myoclon seizure. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. aton status atonic status luders 1998 atonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric atonic seizures cause a loss of postural tone. the result is loss of posture (head drops, falls, and so on). often these seizures are preceded by a short myoclonic seizure. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Atonic_Status ESSO:Atypical_Absence_Seizure Atypical_Absence_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Atypic Absenc Seizur Clinic Seizur Type May have: (a) Chang in tone that are more pronounc than in Typic Absenc Seizur (b) Onset and/or cessat that is not abrupt EEG Seizur Type EEG more heterogeneous; may includ irregular spike-and-slow-wav complexes, fast activ or other paroxysm activity. Abnormal are bilater but often irregular and asymmetrical. EEG Interict Expression Background usual abnormal; paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) frequent irregular and asymmetr atyp absenc seizur atypical absence seizure bancaud 1981 atypical absence seizure clinical seizure type may have: (a) changes in tone that are more pronounced than in typical absence seizure (b) onset and/or cessation that is not abrupt eeg seizure type eeg more heterogeneous; may include irregular spike-and-slow-wave complexes, fast activity or other paroxysmal activity. abnormalities are bilateral but often irregular and asymmetrical. eeg interictal expression background usually abnormal; paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) frequently irregular and asymmetrical Atypical_Absence_Seizure ESSO:Atypical_Dialeptic_Seizure Atypical_Dialeptic_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Atypic Absenc Absence: sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, blank stare, brief upward rotat of eyes. If speaking, speech slow or interrupted; if walking, transfixed; if eating, food stops, patient usual unrespons when spoken to last few second to half a minut Begin and end rapid chang in tone more pronounc Onset and/or cessat that is not abrupt Luder 1998 Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Engel 2001 Atypic absenc seizur Eyelid myoclonia w/o absenc Berg 2010 Atypic Absenc Unknown Amnesia (complet or partial)? Wax and wain of consciousness? Begin and end abrupt >20 sec / episod atyp dialept seizur atypical dialeptic seizure bancaud 1981 atypical absence absence: sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, blank stare, brief upward rotation of eyes. if speaking, speech slowed or interrupted; if walking, transfixed; if eating, food stops, patient usually unresponsive when spoken to lasts few seconds to half a minute begins and ends rapidly changes in tone more pronounced onset and/or cessation that is not abrupt luders 1998 location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere engel 2001 atypical absence seizures eyelid myoclonia w/o absences berg 2010 atypical absence unknown amnesia (complete or partial)? waxing and waining of consciousness? begins and ends abruptly >20 sec / episode Atypical_Dialeptic_Seizure ESSO:Atypical_Dialeptic_Status Atypical_Dialeptic_Status atyp dialept status atypical dialeptic status Atypical_Dialeptic_Status ESSO:Auditory_Aura Auditory_Aura Bancaud 1981 Crude auditori sensat to music Rush nois Buzz ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Auditori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Isolat auditori hallucin or illus should be classifi as auditori auras. More elabor auditori hallucin or illus that occur togeth with complex alter of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, visual or auditori illusions, or the simultan occurr of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classifi as auditori aura onli if the auditori hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom. Otherwise, these complex aura should be classifi as psychic auras. Blume 2001 2.2.1.3 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. Blume 2003 Aura includ epigastr sensation, fear and various type of visual, olfactory, or auditori experienti phenomena auditori aura auditory aura bancaud 1981 crude auditory sensations to music rushing noises buzzing ilae 1989 luders 1998 auditory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric isolated auditory hallucinations or illusions should be classified as auditory auras. more elaborated auditory hallucinations or illusions that occur together with complex alterations of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, visual or auditory illusions, or the simultaneous occurrence of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classified as auditory auras only if the auditory hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom. otherwise, these complex auras should be classified as psychic auras. blume 2001 2.2.1.3 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. blume 2003 aurae include epigastric sensation, fear and various types of visual, olfactory, or auditory experiential phenomena Auditory_Aura ESSO:Auditory_Aura_Status Auditory_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Auditori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Isolat auditori hallucin or illus should be classifi as auditori auras. More elabor auditori hallucin or illus that occur togeth with complex alter of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, visual or auditori illusions, or the simultan occurr of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classifi as auditori aura onli if the auditori hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom. Otherwise, these complex aura should be classifi as psychic auras. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. auditori aura status auditory aura status luders 1998 auditory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric isolated auditory hallucinations or illusions should be classified as auditory auras. more elaborated auditory hallucinations or illusions that occur together with complex alterations of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, visual or auditory illusions, or the simultaneous occurrence of complex visual hallucinations, and so on) should be classified as auditory auras only if the auditory hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom. otherwise, these complex auras should be classified as psychic auras. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Auditory_Aura_Status ESSO:Auditory_Hallucination Auditory_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Simpl Hallucin Crude Auditori Sensat Blume 2001 Auditory: Buzzing, drum sound or singl tones. auditori hallucin auditory hallucination bancaud 1981 simple hallucination crude auditory sensations blume 2001 auditory: buzzing, drumming sounds or single tones. Auditory_Hallucination ESSO:Aura Aura Bancaud 1981 Aura. A frequent use term in the descript of epilept seizur is aura. Accord to the Dictionari of Epilepsy, this term was introduc by Galen to describ the sensat of a breath of air felt by some subject prior to the onset of a seizure. Other have refer to the aura as the portion of a seizur experienc befor loss of conscious occurs. This loss of conscious may be the result of secondari general of the seizur discharg or of alter of conscious impart by the develop of a complex partial seizure. The aura is that portion of the seizur which occur befor conscious is lost and for which memori is retain afterwards. It may be that, as in simpl partial seizures, the aura is the whole seizure. Where conscious is subsequ lost, the aura is, in fact, the signal symptom of a complex partial seizure. An aura is a retrospect term which is describ after the seizur is ended. Luder 1998 Sensori Sphere Warn symptom at begin of seizur Aura Aura are ictal manifest have sensory, psychosensory, and experienti symptoms. Aura consist exclus of subject symptom and usual occur at the begin of a seizur (“warn symptoms”). In general, they are brief (seconds) and onli rare may persist longer (minutes). They may occur in isol from ani other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slight longer. In general, the epilept natur of auralik symptomatolog can be document object onli if the aura consist evolv into a dialept or motor seizur or if EEG monitor demonstr an EEG seizur pattern dure the aura. 2001 Blume 2.1 Aura: Noun: A subject ictal phenomenon that, in a given patient, may preced an observ seizure; if alone, constitut a sensori seizure. 2.2 Sensory: A perceptu experi not caus by appropri stimuli in the extern world. Modifi \"seizure\" or \"aura.\" aura bancaud 1981 aura. a frequently used term in the description of epileptic seizures is aura. according to the dictionary of epilepsy, this term was introduced by galen to describe the sensation of a breath of air felt by some subjects prior to the onset of a seizure. others have referred to the aura as the portion of a seizure experienced before loss of consciousness occurs. this loss of consciousness may be the result of secondary generalization of the seizure discharge or of alteration of consciousness imparted by the development of a complex partial seizure. the aura is that portion of the seizure which occurs before consciousness is lost and for which memory is retained afterwards. it may be that, as in simple partial seizures, the aura is the whole seizure. where consciousness is subsequently lost, the aura is, in fact, the signal symptom of a complex partial seizure. an aura is a retrospective term which is described after the seizure is ended. luders 1998 sensorial sphere warning symptoms at beginning of seizure aura auras are ictal manifestations having sensory, psychosensory, and experiential symptoms. auras consist exclusively of subjective symptoms and usually occur at the beginning of a seizure (“warning symptoms”). in general, they are brief (seconds) and only rarely may persist longer (minutes). they may occur in isolation from any other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slightly longer. in general, the epileptic nature of auralike symptomatology can be documented objectively only if the aura consistently evolves into a dialeptic or motor seizure or if eeg monitoring demonstrates an eeg seizure pattern during the aura. 2001 blume 2.1 aura: noun: a subjective ictal phenomenon that, in a given patient, may precede an observable seizure; if alone, constitutes a sensory seizure. 2.2 sensory: a perceptual experience not caused by appropriate stimuli in the external world. modifies \"seizure\" or \"aura.\" Aura ESSO:Aura_Continua Aura_Continua Luder 1998 Aura Aura are ictal manifest have sensory, psychosensory, and experienti symptoms. Sensori Sphere Warn symptom at begin of seizur Aura Aura consist exclus of subject symptom and usual occur at the begin of a seizur (“warn symptoms”). In general, they are brief (seconds) and onli rare may persist longer (minutes). They may occur in isol from ani other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slight longer. In general, the epilept natur of auralik symptomatolog can be document object onli if the aura consist evolv into a dialept or motor seizur or if EEG monitor demonstr an EEG seizur pattern dure the aura. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Aura Continua aura continua luders 1998 aura auras are ictal manifestations having sensory, psychosensory, and experiential symptoms. sensorial sphere warning symptoms at beginning of seizure aura auras consist exclusively of subjective symptoms and usually occur at the beginning of a seizure (“warning symptoms”). in general, they are brief (seconds) and only rarely may persist longer (minutes). they may occur in isolation from any other ictal symptom and, if so, tend to last slightly longer. in general, the epileptic nature of auralike symptomatology can be documented objectively only if the aura consistently evolves into a dialeptic or motor seizure or if eeg monitoring demonstrates an eeg seizure pattern during the aura. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 aura continua Aura_Continua ESSO:Autism_Spectrum_Disorder Autism_Spectrum_Disorder autism spectrum disord autism spectrum disorder Autism_Spectrum_Disorder ESSO:Automatism Automatism JB: Ani repetit motion automat automatism jb: any repetitive motion Automatism ESSO:Automotor_Seizure Automotor_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Automatisms. (These may occur in both partial and general seizures. They are describ in detail here for convenience.) In the Dictionari of Epilepsi (Gastaut,1973), automat are describ as “more or less coordin adapt (eupract or dyspractic) involuntari motor activ occur dure the state of cloud of conscious either in the cours of, or after an epilept seizure, and usual follow by amnesia for the event. The automat may be simpli a continu of an activ that was go on when the seizur occurred, or, conversely, a new activ develop in associ with the ictal impair of consciousness. Usually, the activ is commonplac in nature, often provok by the subject’ environment, or by his sensat dure the seizure; exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisoci behavior is seen. From a symptomatolog point of view the follow are distinguished: a) eat automat (chewing, swallowing); b) automat of mimicry, express the subject’ emot state (usual of fear) dure the seizure; c) gestur automatisms, crude or elaborate; direct toward either the subject or his environment; d) ambulatori automatisms; e) verbal automatisms.” lctal epilept automat usual repres the releas of automat behavior under the influenc of cloud of conscious that accompani a general or partial epilept seizur (confusion automatisms). They may occur in complex partial seizur as well as in absenc seizures. Postict epilept automat may follow ani sever epilept seizure, especi a tonic-clon one, and are usual associ with confusion. While some regard masticatori or oropharyng automat as aris from the amygdala or insular and opercular regions, these movement are occasion seen in the general epilepsies, particular absenc seizures, and are not of local help. The same is true of mimicri and gestur automatisms. In the latter, fumbl of the clothes, scratching, and other complex motor activ may occur both in complex partial and absenc seizures. Ictal speech automat are occasion encountered. Ambulatori seizur again may occur either as prolong automat of absence, particular prolong absenc continuing, or of complex partial seizures. In the latter, a patient may occasion continu to drive a car, although may contraven traffic light regulations. There seem to be littl doubt that automat are a common featur of differ type of epilepsy. While they do not lend themselv to simpl anatom interpretation, they appear to have in common a discharg involv various area of the limbic system. Crude and elabor automat do occur in patient with absenc as well as complex partial seizures. Of greater signific is the precis descript histori of the seizures, the age of the patient, the presenc or absenc of an aura and of postict behavior includ the presenc or absenc of confusion. The EEG is of cardin localiz import here. Luder 1998 Automotor Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Automotor seizur are complex motor seizur in which the main manifest consist of automat involv the distal segment of the hand and feet or the mouth and tongue. Conscious is usual affect but may be preserved, particular when the seizur origin from the nondomin hemisphere. automotor seizur automotor seizure bancaud 1981 automatisms. (these may occur in both partial and generalized seizures. they are described in detail here for convenience.) in the dictionary of epilepsy (gastaut,1973), automatisms are described as “more or less coordinated adapted (eupractic or dyspractic) involuntary motor activity occurring during the state of clouding of consciousness either in the course of, or after an epileptic seizure, and usually followed by amnesia for the event. the automatism may be simply a continuation of an activity that was going on when the seizure occurred, or, conversely, a new activity developed in association with the ictal impairment of consciousness. usually, the activity is commonplace in nature, often provoked by the subject’s environment, or by his sensations during the seizure; exceptionally, fragmentary, primitive, infantile, or antisocial behavior is seen. from a symptomatological point of view the following are distinguished: a) eating automatisms (chewing, swallowing); b) automatism of mimicry, expressing the subject’s emotional state (usually of fear) during the seizure; c) gestural automatisms, crude or elaborate; directed toward either the subject or his environment; d) ambulatory automatisms; e) verbal automatisms.” lctal epileptic automatisms usually represent the release of automatic behavior under the influence of clouding of consciousness that accompanies a generalized or partial epileptic seizure (confusional automatisms). they may occur in complex partial seizures as well as in absence seizures. postictal epileptic automatisms may follow any severe epileptic seizure, especially a tonic-clonic one, and are usually associated with confusion. while some regard masticatory or oropharyngeal automatisms as arising from the amygdala or insular and opercular regions, these movements are occasionally seen in the generalized epilepsies, particularly absence seizures, and are not of localizing help. the same is true of mimicry and gestural automatisms. in the latter, fumbling of the clothes, scratching, and other complex motor activity may occur both in complex partial and absence seizures. ictal speech automatisms are occasionally encountered. ambulatory seizures again may occur either as prolonged automatisms of absence, particularly prolonged absence continuing, or of complex partial seizures. in the latter, a patient may occasionally continue to drive a car, although may contravene traffic light regulations. there seems to be little doubt that automatisms are a common feature of different types of epilepsy. while they do not lend themselves to simple anatomic interpretation, they appear to have in common a discharge involving various areas of the limbic system. crude and elaborate automatisms do occur in patients with absence as well as complex partial seizures. of greater significance is the precise descriptive history of the seizures, the age of the patient, the presence or absence of an aura and of postictal behavior including the presence or absence of confusion. the eeg is of cardinal localizational importance here. luders 1998 automotor seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere automotor seizures are complex motor seizures in which the main manifestations consist of automatisms involving the distal segments of the hands and feet or the mouth and tongue. consciousness is usually affected but may be preserved, particularly when the seizure originates from the nondominant hemisphere. Automotor_Seizure ESSO:Automotor_Status Automotor_Status Luder 1998 Automotor seizur Automotor seizur are complex motor seizur in which the main manifest consist of automat involv the distal segment of the hand and feet or the mouth and tongue. Conscious is usual affect but may be preserved, particular when the seizur origin from the nondomin hemisphere. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. automotor status luders 1998 automotor seizures automotor seizures are complex motor seizures in which the main manifestations consist of automatisms involving the distal segments of the hands and feet or the mouth and tongue. consciousness is usually affected but may be preserved, particularly when the seizure originates from the nondominant hemisphere. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Automotor_Status ESSO:Autonomic_Aura Autonomic_Aura Bancaud 1981 Autonom Symptom ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Autonom Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Seizur consist primarili of autonom symptom are rare. Usually, they are detect by the patient report symptom secondari to the autonom alteration, e.g., palpit or ‘‘hot flashes.” Occasionally, they can be document by appropri monitor (e.g., Holter monitor). We classifi these episod as “autonom auras” when the patient has symptom most probabl produc by an autonom alter but we do not have object proof of the autonom disturbance. Autonom alter elicit by epilept activ of autonom cortic center produc symptom that the patient can detect but that observ have difficulti identifying, particular from a videotap record (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). Sensat that most probabl are an express of an epilept autonom alter are classifi as autonom aura even when there is no object proof of their autonom pathogenesi (such as palpit or hot flashes). In contrast, autonom alter appropri document by polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or direct visual observ (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classifi as autonom seizur 2001 Blume 2.2.1.8 Autonomic: A sensat consist with involv of the autonom nervous system, includ cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatori functions. (Thus \"autonom aura\"; cf. \"autonom events\" 3.0). 3.0 Autonom Event 3.1 Autonom Aura: A sensat consist with involv of the autonom nervous system, includ cardiovascular gastrointestin sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatori function (see 2.2.1.8). autonom aura autonomic aura bancaud 1981 autonomic symptoms ilae 1989 luders 1998 autonomic aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric seizures consisting primarily of autonomic symptoms are rare. usually, they are detected by the patient reporting symptoms secondary to the autonomic alteration, e.g., palpitations or ‘‘hot flashes.” occasionally, they can be documented by appropriate monitoring (e.g., holter monitor). we classify these episodes as “autonomic auras” when the patient has symptoms most probably produced by an autonomic alteration but we do not have objective proof of the autonomic disturbance. autonomic alterations elicited by epileptic activation of autonomic cortical centers produce symptoms that the patient can detect but that observers have difficulty identifying, particularly from a videotape recording (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). sensations that most probably are an expression of an epileptic autonomic alteration are classified as autonomic auras even when there is no objective proof of their autonomic pathogenesis (such as palpitations or hot flashes). in contrast, autonomic alterations appropriately documented by polygraphic recordings (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or direct visual observation (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classified as autonomic seizures 2001 blume 2.2.1.8 autonomic: a sensation consistent with involvement of the autonomic nervous system, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions. (thus \"autonomic aura\"; cf. \"autonomic events\" 3.0). 3.0 autonomic events 3.1 autonomic aura: a sensation consistent with involvement of the autonomic nervous system, including cardiovascular gastrointestinal sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregulatory functions (see 2.2.1.8). Autonomic_Aura ESSO:Autonomic_Aura_Status Autonomic_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Autonom Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Seizur consist primarili of autonom symptom are rare. Usually, they are detect by the patient report symptom secondari to the autonom alteration, e.g., palpit or ‘‘hot flashes.” Occasionally, they can be document by appropri monitor (e.g., Holter monitor). We classifi these episod as “autonom auras” when the patient has symptom most probabl produc by an autonom alter but we do not have object proof of the autonom disturbance. Autonom alter elicit by epilept activ of autonom cortic center produc symptom that the patient can detect but that observ have difficulti identifying, particular from a videotap record (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). Sensat that most probabl are an express of an epilept autonom alter are classifi as autonom aura even when there is no object proof of their autonom pathogenesi (such as palpit or hot flashes). In contrast, autonom alter appropri document by polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or direct visual observ (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classifi as autonom seizur Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. autonom aura status autonomic aura status luders 1998 autonomic aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric seizures consisting primarily of autonomic symptoms are rare. usually, they are detected by the patient reporting symptoms secondary to the autonomic alteration, e.g., palpitations or ‘‘hot flashes.” occasionally, they can be documented by appropriate monitoring (e.g., holter monitor). we classify these episodes as “autonomic auras” when the patient has symptoms most probably produced by an autonomic alteration but we do not have objective proof of the autonomic disturbance. autonomic alterations elicited by epileptic activation of autonomic cortical centers produce symptoms that the patient can detect but that observers have difficulty identifying, particularly from a videotape recording (palpitations, hot flashes, and so on). sensations that most probably are an expression of an epileptic autonomic alteration are classified as autonomic auras even when there is no objective proof of their autonomic pathogenesis (such as palpitations or hot flashes). in contrast, autonomic alterations appropriately documented by polygraphic recordings (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or direct visual observation (mydriasis, sweating, flushing, piloerection, and so on) are classified as autonomic seizures status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Autonomic_Aura_Status ESSO:Autonomic_Seizure Autonomic_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Autonom symptom or sign Epigastr sensat Vomiting, pallor, flushing, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilatation, boborygmi, incontin ILAE 1989 Pallor Full of the face Flush of the face Arrest of respir Pupillari dilat Apnea Borborygmi Belch Choke Luder 1998 Luder 1998 Autonom Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Autonom seizur are seizur in which the main ictal manifest are object document autonom alterations. “Autonom seizures” have object proof of the autonom alter whether the patient is awar of the autonom disturb or not. Autonom seizur consist of episod alter of autonom function that are elicit by activ of autonom cortic center activ by an epileptiform discharge. Case in which the patient report onli sensat that most probabl correspond to an autonom alter (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no object document should be classifi as autonom aura (describ above). To make the diagnosi of an autonom seizure, episod of autonom dysfunct must be document by appropri polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or by direct observation. Document episod of autonom dysfunct may be clinic silent (i.e., the episod may onli be detect by a monitor, without the patient experienc ani unusu symptoms). Blume 2001 3.2. Autonom Seizure: An object document and distinct alter of autonom nervous system function involv cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregular functions. Blume 2003 Micturit (frequent) Eye Open Pupil (dilat or hippo dure attack Colour (cyanot or grey) Puls (rapid, strong) Hypersaliv SIGN 2006 Autonom featur autonom seizur autonomic seizure bancaud 1981 autonomic symptoms or signs epigastric sensation vomiting, pallor, flushing, sweating, piloerection, pupil dilatation, boborygmi, incontinence ilae 1989 pallor fullness of the face flushing of the face arrest of respiration pupillary dilatation apnea borborygmi belching choking luders 1998 luders 1998 autonomic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric autonomic seizures are seizures in which the main ictal manifestations are objectively documented autonomic alterations. “autonomic seizures” have objective proof of the autonomic alteration whether the patient is aware of the autonomic disturbance or not. autonomic seizures consist of episodic alterations of autonomic function that are elicited by activation of autonomic cortical centers activated by an epileptiform discharge. cases in which the patient reports only sensations that most probably correspond to an autonomic alteration (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no objective documentation should be classified as autonomic auras (described above). to make the diagnosis of an autonomic seizure, episodes of autonomic dysfunction must be documented by appropriate polygraphic recording (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or by direct observation. documented episodes of autonomic dysfunction may be clinically silent (i.e., the episodes may only be detected by a monitor, without the patient experiencing any unusual symptoms). blume 2001 3.2. autonomic seizure: an objectively documented and distinct alteration of autonomic nervous system function involving cardiovascular, pupillary, gastrointestinal, sudomotor, vasomotor, and thermoregularity functions. blume 2003 micturition (frequent) eyes open pupils (dilated or hippos during attacks colour (cyanotic or grey) pulse (rapid, strong) hypersalivation sign 2006 autonomic features Autonomic_Seizure ESSO:Autonomic_Status Autonomic_Status Luder 1998 Autonom Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Autonom seizur are seizur in which the main ictal manifest are object document autonom alterations. “Autonom seizures” have object proof of the autonom alter whether the patient is awar of the autonom disturb or not. Autonom seizur consist of episod alter of autonom function that are elicit by activ of autonom cortic center activ by an epileptiform discharge. Case in which the patient report onli sensat that most probabl correspond to an autonom alter (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no object document should be classifi as autonom aura (describ above). To make the diagnosi of an autonom seizure, episod of autonom dysfunct must be document by appropri polygraph record (tachycardia, blood pressur changes, and so on) or by direct observation. Document episod of autonom dysfunct may be clinic silent (i.e., the episod may onli be detect by a monitor, without the patient experienc ani unusu symptoms). Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. autonom status autonomic status luders 1998 autonomic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric autonomic seizures are seizures in which the main ictal manifestations are objectively documented autonomic alterations. “autonomic seizures” have objective proof of the autonomic alteration whether the patient is aware of the autonomic disturbance or not. autonomic seizures consist of episodic alterations of autonomic function that are elicited by activation of autonomic cortical centers activated by an epileptiform discharge. cases in which the patient reports only sensations that most probably correspond to an autonomic alteration (hot flashes, palpitations, and so on) and for which there is no objective documentation should be classified as autonomic auras (described above). to make the diagnosis of an autonomic seizure, episodes of autonomic dysfunction must be documented by appropriate polygraphic recording (tachycardia, blood pressure changes, and so on) or by direct observation. documented episodes of autonomic dysfunction may be clinically silent (i.e., the episodes may only be detected by a monitor, without the patient experiencing any unusual symptoms). status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Autonomic_Status ESSO:B12_Metabolism_Disorder B12_Metabolism_Disorder Engel 2001 DIsorder of folic acid and B12 metabol b12 metabol disord b12 metabolism disorder engel 2001 disorders of folic acid and b12 metabolism B12_Metabolism_Disorder ESSO:Background_Slow_Activity Background_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Background slow activity: The frequenc of the background rhythm is below the normal value. background slow activ background slow activity noachter 1999 background slow activity: the frequency of the background rhythm is below the normal value. Background_Slow_Activity ESSO:Balance Balance balanc balance Balance ESSO:Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizure Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizure benign famili infantil seizur benign familial infantile seizure d0000386 Benign_Familial_Infantile_Seizure ESSO:Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures_BFNS Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures_BFNS Engel 2001 Benign Famili Neonat Seizur benign famili neonat seizur b f n s benign familial neonatal seizures b f n s engel 2001 benign familial neonatal seizures Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures_BFNS ESSO:Benign_Infantile_Seizure Benign_Infantile_Seizure Engel 2001 Benign Infantil Seizur benign infantil seizur benign infantile seizure engel 2001 benign infantile seizures Benign_Infantile_Seizure ESSO:Benign_Infantile_Seizure_Nonfamilial Benign_Infantile_Seizure_Nonfamilial Engel 2001 Benign Infantil Seizur Nonfamili benign infantil seizur nonfamili benign infantile seizure nonfamilial engel 2001 benign infantile seizures nonfamilial Benign_Infantile_Seizure_Nonfamilial ESSO:Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy ILAE 1989 Benign myoclon epilepsi in infanc is character by brief burst of general myoclonus that occur dure the first or second year of life in otherwis normal children who often have a famili histori of convuls or epilepsy. EEG record show general spike-wav occur in brief burst dure the earli stage of sleep. These at- tack are easili control by appropri treatment. They are not accompani by ani other type of seizure, although GTCS may occur dure adolescence. The epilepsi may be accompani by a relat delay of intellectu develop and minor person disorders. Engel 2001 Benign Myoclon Epilepsi In Infanci benign myoclon epilepsi in infanc benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy ilae 1989 benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy is characterized by brief bursts of generalized myoclonus that occur during the first or second year of life in otherwise normal children who often have a family history of convulsions or epilepsy. eeg recording shows generalized spike-waves occurring in brief bursts during the early stages of sleep. these at- tacks are easily controlled by appropriate treatment. they are not accompanied by any other type of seizure, although gtcs may occur during adolescence. the epilepsy may be accompanied by a relative delay of intellectual development and minor personality disorders. engel 2001 benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy Benign_Myoclonic_Epilepsy_in_Infancy ESSO:Bilateral_Perisylvian_Syndrome Bilateral_Perisylvian_Syndrome Engel 2001 Bilater perisylvian syndrom bilater perisylvian syndrom bilateral perisylvian syndrome engel 2001 bilateral perisylvian syndrome Bilateral_Perisylvian_Syndrome ESSO:Biotin_Metabolism_Disorder Biotin_Metabolism_Disorder Engel 2001 Disord of biotin metabol biotin metabol disord biotin metabolism disorder engel 2001 disorders of biotin metabolism Biotin_Metabolism_Disorder ESSO:Bipolar Bipolar Noachter 1999 Bipolar derivation: (1) Record from a pair of electrodes. (2) Method of organ the linkag of electrod to record channel (see bipolar montage). Noachter 1999 Bipolar montage: Multipl bipolar derivations, with no electrod be common to all derivations. In most instances, bipolar deriv are linked, i.e. adjac deriv from electrod along the same line of electrod have one electrod in common, connect to the input termin 2 of one amplifi and to the input termin 1 of the follow amplifi (see refer montage). bipolar noachter 1999 bipolar derivation: (1) recording from a pair of electrodes. (2) method of organizing the linkages of electrodes to recording channels (see bipolar montage). noachter 1999 bipolar montage: multiple bipolar derivations, with no electrode being common to all derivations. in most instances, bipolar derivations are linked, i.e. adjacent derivations from electrodes along the same line of electrodes have one electrode in common, connected to the input terminal 2 of one amplifier and to the input terminal 1 of the following amplifier (see reference montage). Bipolar ESSO:Brain Brain brain Brain ESSO:Burning_Pain Burning_Pain burn pain burning pain Burning_Pain ESSO:Carbohydrate_Metabolism_DIsorder Carbohydrate_Metabolism_DIsorder Engel 2001 Disord of Carbohydr Metabol carbohydr metabol d isord carbohydrate metabolism d isorder engel 2001 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism Carbohydrate_Metabolism_DIsorder ESSO:Cavernous_Angiomas Cavernous_Angiomas Engel 2001 Cavern Angioma cavern angioma cavernous angiomas engel 2001 cavernous angiomas Cavernous_Angiomas ESSO:Celiac_Disease Celiac_Disease Engel 2001 Celiac diseas (Epilepsi With Occipit Calcif And Celiac Disease) celiac diseas celiac disease engel 2001 celiac disease (epilepsy with occipital calcifications and celiac disease) Celiac_Disease ESSO:Cerebellum Cerebellum Trancr 2005 The Cerebellum has sever function includ the mainten of balanc and posture, the mainten of correct muscl tone, and the plan and coordin of sequenti movements. Structures: Anterior Lobe Brainstem Cerebellar Cortex Cerebellar Hemispher Cerebellar White Centr Cerebellum - Connect Cerebellum - Gross Dentat Nucleus Fastigi Nucleus Flocculonodular Lobe Hindbrain Horizont Fissur Inferior Cerebellar Peduncl Interpos Nucleus Midbrain Middl Cerebellar Peduncl Paraverm Zone Pon Posterior Lobe Posterolater Fissur Primari Fissur Superior Cerebellar Peduncl Vermi Information: The cerebellum (mean small cerebrum in latin) is the largest compon of the hindbrain and occupi the posterior cranial fossa, dorsal to the brainstem. The superior, middl and inferior cerebellar peduncl attach the cerebellum to the midbrain, pon and medulla respectively. It is form by: (1) an outer cortex, which is veri extens and form deep transvers fold call folia (2) a medullari (cerebellar) white centr and (3) four pair of deep nuclei, which are embed in the medullari centre. The largest and most later is the dentat nucleus, the fastigi nucleus is most medial. Between these lie the globos and emboliform nuclei which are collect refer to as the interpos nucleus. The cerebellum consist of the anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobes. The anterior lobe is separ from the posterior lobe by the primari fissure. The posterior lobe is separ from the flocculonodular lobe by the posterolater fissure. The cerebellum can also be subdivid into 3 longitudin zone which cut across the lobe - 2 cerebellar hemispher separ from each other by a midlin region known as the vermis. Each hemispher can be further subdivid on the basi of connect into paraverm and later zones. The cerebellum is import in the mainten of equilibrium as well as have an import role in postur control and motor coordination. It receiv a varieti of input form the cerebr cortex, brainstem, vestibular part of the inner ear and spinal cord and, on the basi of this inform provid for synchronis of muscl activity, ensur that the proper muscl contract at the appropri time, in the correct sequenc and with the correct amount of force. Cerebellar damag thus manifest itself by disturb in balanc and equilibrium as well as lack of motor coordin (but without voluntari paresis). For further detail consult the follow cards: cerebellum - connect cerebellar cortex cerebellum trancred 2005 the cerebellum has several functions including the maintenance of balance and posture, the maintenance of correct muscle tone, and the planning and coordination of sequential movements. structures: anterior lobe brainstem cerebellar cortex cerebellar hemisphere cerebellar white centre cerebellum - connections cerebellum - gross dentate nucleus fastigial nucleus flocculonodular lobe hindbrain horizontal fissure inferior cerebellar peduncle interposed nucleus midbrain middle cerebellar peduncle paravermal zone pons posterior lobe posterolateral fissure primary fissure superior cerebellar peduncle vermis information: the cerebellum (meaning small cerebrum in latin) is the largest component of the hindbrain and occupies the posterior cranial fossa, dorsal to the brainstem. the superior, middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles attach the cerebellum to the midbrain, pons and medulla respectively. it is formed by: (1) an outer cortex, which is very extensive and forms deep transverse folds called folia (2) a medullary (cerebellar) white centre and (3) four pairs of deep nuclei, which are embedded in the medullary centre. the largest and most lateral is the dentate nucleus, the fastigial nucleus is most medial. between these lie the globose and emboliform nuclei which are collectively referred to as the interposed nucleus. the cerebellum consists of the anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobes. the anterior lobe is separated from the posterior lobe by the primary fissure. the posterior lobe is separated from the flocculonodular lobe by the posterolateral fissure. the cerebellum can also be subdivided into 3 longitudinal zones which cut across the lobes - 2 cerebellar hemispheres separated from each other by a midline region known as the vermis. each hemisphere can be further subdivided on the basis of connections into paravermal and lateral zones. the cerebellum is important in the maintenance of equilibrium as well as having an important role in postural control and motor coordination. it receives a variety of inputs form the cerebral cortex, brainstem, vestibular part of the inner ear and spinal cord and, on the basis of this information provides for synchronisation of muscle activity, ensuring that the proper muscles contract at the appropriate time, in the correct sequence and with the correct amount of force. cerebellar damage thus manifests itself by disturbances in balance and equilibrium as well as lack of motor coordination (but without voluntary paresis). for further details consult the following cards: cerebellum - connections cerebellar cortex Cerebellum ESSO:Ceroid_Lipofuscinosis Ceroid_Lipofuscinosis Engel 2001 Ceroid lipofuscinosi ceroid lipofuscinosi ceroid lipofuscinosis engel 2001 ceroid lipofuscinosis Ceroid_Lipofuscinosis ESSO:Chemically_Induced_Seizure Chemically_Induced_Seizure Engel 2001 Drug or other chemic induc seizur chemic induc seizur chemically induced seizure engel 2001 drug or other chemically induced seizures Chemically_Induced_Seizure ESSO:Child_Greater_Than_1-12_years Child_Greater_Than_1-12_years blume 2001 berg 2010 child greater than 1-12 year child greater than 1-12 years Child_Greater_Than_1-12_years ESSO:Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Childhood Absenc Epilepsi Pyknolepsi occur in children of school age (peak manifest age 6-7 years), with a strong genet predisposit in otherwis normal children. It appear more frequent in girl than in boys. It is character by veri frequent (sever to mani per day) absences. The EEG reveal bilateral, synchron symmetr spike-waves, usual 3 Hz, on a normal background activity. Dure adolescence, GTCS often develop. Otherwise, absenc may remit or, more rarely, persist as the onli seizur type. Engel 2001 Childhood Absenc Epilepsi ILAE 2010 Childhood Absenc Epilepsi childhood absenc epilepsi childhood absence epilepsy ilae 1989 childhood absence epilepsy pyknolepsy occurs in children of school age (peak manifestation age 6-7 years), with a strong genetic predisposition in otherwise normal children. it appears more frequently in girls than in boys. it is characterized by very frequent (several to many per day) absences. the eeg reveals bilateral, synchronous symmetrical spike-waves, usually 3 hz, on a normal background activity. during adolescence, gtcs often develop. otherwise, absences may remit or, more rarely, persist as the only seizure type. engel 2001 childhood absence epilepsy ilae 2010 childhood absence epilepsy Childhood_Absence_Epilepsy ESSO:Childhood_Epilepsy_with_Occipital_Paroxysms Childhood_Epilepsy_with_Occipital_Paroxysms ILAE 1989 Childhood Epilepsi with Occipit Paroxysm The syndrom of childhood epilepsi with occipit paroxysm is, in general respects, similar to that of benign childhood epilepsi with centrotempor spikes. The seizur start with visual symptom (amaurosis, phosphenes, illusions, or hallucinations) and are often follow by a hemiclon seizur or automatisms. In 25% of cases, the seizur are immedi follow by migrain headache. The EEG has paroxysm of high-amplitud spike-wav or sharp wave recur rhythmic on the occipit and posterior tempor area of one or both hemispheres, but onli when the eye are closed. Dure seizures, the occipit discharg may spread to the central or tempor region. At present, no definit statement on prognosi is possible. childhood epilepsi with occipit paroxysm childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms ilae 1989 childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms the syndrome of childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms is, in general respects, similar to that of benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes. the seizures start with visual symptoms (amaurosis, phosphenes, illusions, or hallucinations) and are often followed by a hemiclonic seizure or automatisms. in 25% of cases, the seizures are immediately followed by migrainous headache. the eeg has paroxysms of high-amplitude spike-waves or sharp waves recurring rhythmically on the occipital and posterior temporal areas of one or both hemispheres, but only when the eyes are closed. during seizures, the occipital discharge may spread to the central or temporal region. at present, no definite statement on prognosis is possible. Childhood_Epilepsy_with_Occipital_Paroxysms ESSO:Choking Choking choke choking Choking ESSO:Chromosomal_Abnormality Chromosomal_Abnormality Engel 2001 Chromosom Abnormal chromosom abnorm chromosomal abnormality engel 2001 chromosomal abnormalities Chromosomal_Abnormality ESSO:Cingulate_Gyrus Cingulate_Gyrus Trancr 2005 The Cingul Gyrus is part of the limbic area of the Cerebr Cortex, which function in the control of innat behaviour (ie. Those relat to the surviv of the species). Bilater ablat of the cingul gyri in anim caus them to becom more Structures: Anterior Nucleus Callos Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Sulcus Cingulum Circuit of Papez Corpus Callosum Entorhin Cortex Limbic System Parahippocamp Gyrus Information: The Cingul Gyrus is locat on the medial surfac of the cerebr hemisphere, adjac to the corpus callosum. It begin under the genu of the corpus callosum and then curv around it dorsal surfac and end just beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. It is separ from the corpus callosum by the callos sulcus and it dorsal surfac is bound by the cingul sulcus. As part of the Circuit of Papez, the cingul gyrus receiv a major input from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and from wide area of the neocortex and in turn project via the cingulum to the entorhin cortex of the parahippocamp gyrus. cingul gyrus cingulate gyrus trancred 2005 the cingulate gyrus is part of the limbic area of the cerebral cortex, which functions in the control of innate behaviours (ie. those related to the survival of the species). bilateral ablation of the cingulate gyri in animals causes them to become more structures: anterior nucleus callosal sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate sulcus cingulum circuit of papez corpus callosum entorhinal cortex limbic system parahippocampal gyrus information: the cingulate gyrus is located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere, adjacent to the corpus callosum. it begins under the genu of the corpus callosum and then curves around its dorsal surface and ends just beneath the splenium of the corpus callosum. it is separated from the corpus callosum by the callosal sulcus and its dorsal surface is bounded by the cingulate sulcus. as part of the circuit of papez, the cingulate gyrus receives a major input from the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and from wide areas of the neocortex and in turn projects via the cingulum to the entorhinal cortex of the parahippocampal gyrus. Cingulate_Gyrus ESSO:Cingulate_Region Cingulate_Region cingul region cingulate region Cingulate_Region ESSO:Clonic_Seizure Clonic_Seizure clonic seizur clonic seizure Clonic_Seizure ESSO:Clonic_Status Clonic_Status Luder 1998 Clonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Clonic seizur are a seri of myoclon contract that regular recur at a rate of 0.2-5/s. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Clonic Status Epilepticus clonic status luders 1998 clonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric clonic seizures are a series of myoclonic contractions that regularly recur at a rate of 0.2-5/s. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 clonic status epilepticus Clonic_Status ESSO:Coffin-Lowry_Syndrome Coffin-Lowry_Syndrome Engel 2001 Coffin-Lowri syndrom coffin- lowri syndrom coffin- lowry syndrome engel 2001 coffin-lowry syndrome Coffin-Lowry_Syndrome ESSO:Cognition Cognition cognit cognition Cognition ESSO:Coma Coma coma Coma ESSO:Complex_Motor_Seizure Complex_Motor_Seizure Luder 1998 Complex Motor Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Complex refer to complex characterist of the movement Complex, natur movement but inappropri for the situat Not loss of awar dure seizur Blume 2001 1.2 Automat Noun: A more or less coordinated, repetitive, motor activ usual occur when cognit is impair and for which the subject is usual amnest afterward. This often resembl a voluntari movement and may consist of an inappropri continu of ongo preictal motor activity. The follow adject are usual employ to modifi \"automatism.\" 1.2.1 Oroalimentary: Lip smacking, lip pursing, chewing, licking, tooth grinding, or swallowing. 1.2.2 Mimetic: Facial express suggest an emot state, often fear. 1.2.3 Manual or pedal: 1. Indicat princip distal components, bilater or unilater 2. Fumbl tapping, manipul movements. 1.2.4 Gestural: Often unilateral. 1. Fumbl or exploratori movement with the hand, direct toward self or environment. 2. Movement resembl those intend to lend further emot tone to speech. 1.2.5 Hyperkinetic: 1. Involv predomin proxim limb or axial muscl produc irregular sequenti ballist movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rock movements. 2. Increas in rate of ongo movement or inappropri rapid perform of a movement. 1.2.6 Hypokinetic: A decreas in amplitud and/or rate or arrest of ongo motor activity. 1.2.7 Dysphasic: Impair communic involv languag without dysfunct of relev primari motor or sensori pathways, manifest as impair comprehension, anomia, paraphas errors, or a combin of these. 1.2.8 Dyspraxic: Inabil to perform learn movement spontan or on command or imit despit intact relev motor and sensori system and adequ comprehens and cooperation. 1.2.9 Gelastic: Burst of laughter or giggling, usual without an appropri affect tone. 1.2.10 Dacrystic: Burst of crying. 1.2.11 Vocal: Singl or repetit utter consist of sound such as grunt or shriek 1.2.12 Verbal: Singl or repetit utter consist of words, phrases, or brief sentences. 1.2.13 Spontaneous: Stereotyped, involv onli self, virtual independ of environment influences. 1.2.14 Interactive: Not stereotyped, involv more than self, environment influenced. complex motor seizur complex motor seizure luders 1998 complex motor seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere complex refers to complex characteristics of the movement complex, natural movement but inappropriate for the situation not loss of awareness during seizure blume 2001 1.2 automatism noun: a more or less coordinated, repetitive, motor activity usually occurring when cognition is impaired and for which the subject is usually amnestic afterward. this often resembles a voluntary movement and may consist of an inappropriate continuation of ongoing preictal motor activity. the following adjectives are usually employed to modify \"automatism.\" 1.2.1 oroalimentary: lip smacking, lip pursing, chewing, licking, tooth grinding, or swallowing. 1.2.2 mimetic: facial expression suggesting an emotional state, often fear. 1.2.3 manual or pedal: 1. indicates principally distal components, bilateral or unilateral 2. fumbling tapping, manipulating movements. 1.2.4 gestural: often unilateral. 1. fumbling or exploratory movements with the hand, directed toward self or environment. 2. movements resembling those intending to lend further emotional tone to speech. 1.2.5 hyperkinetic: 1. involves predominantly proximal limb or axial muscles producing irregular sequential ballistic movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, thrashing, rocking movements. 2. increase in rate of ongoing movements or inappropriately rapid performance of a movement. 1.2.6 hypokinetic: a decrease in amplitude and/or rate or arrest of ongoing motor activity. 1.2.7 dysphasic: impaired communication involving language without dysfunction of relevant primary motor or sensory pathways, manifested as impaired comprehension, anomia, paraphasic errors, or a combination of these. 1.2.8 dyspraxic: inability to perform learned movements spontaneously or on command or imitation despite intact relevant motor and sensory systems and adequate comprehension and cooperation. 1.2.9 gelastic: bursts of laughter or giggling, usually without an appropriate affective tone. 1.2.10 dacrystic: bursts of crying. 1.2.11 vocal: single or repetitive utterances consisting of sounds such as grunts or shrieks 1.2.12 verbal: single or repetitive utterances consisting of words, phrases, or brief sentences. 1.2.13 spontaneous: stereotyped, involve only self, virtually independent of environmental influences. 1.2.14 interactive: not stereotyped, involve more than self, environmentally influenced. Complex_Motor_Seizure ESSO:Complex_Motor_Status Complex_Motor_Status Luder 1998 Complex Motor Seizur Complex motor seizures, in which the movement are relat complex and simul natur movements, except that they are inappropri for the situation. “Complex” herein refer to the complex characterist of the movement and doe not mean that the patient lose awar dure the seizure. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. complex motor status luders 1998 complex motor seizures complex motor seizures, in which the movements are relatively complex and simulate natural movements, except that they are inappropriate for the situation. “complex” herein refers to the complex characteristics of the movement and does not mean that the patient loses awareness during the seizure. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Complex_Motor_Status ESSO:Complex_Partial_Seizure Complex_Partial_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type Conscious is impair dure the attack. 1. Simpl partial onset follow by impari of conscious with or without automat 2. Impairment of sconscious at onset with impair of conscious onli or with or without automatisms. EEG Seizur Type Unilater or, frequent bilater discharge, diffus or focal in tempor or frontotempor regions. EEG Interict Expression Unilater or bilater general asynchron focus; usual in the tempor or frontal regions. Luder 1998 If it is associ with a focal epileptiform discharg or occur in a patient with a focal epilept syndrom (even in the absenc of a local epileptiform correlate), it is identifi as a complex partial seizure. bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type consciousness is impaired during the attack. 1. simple partial onset followed by impariment of consciousness with or without automatism 2. impairment of sconsciousness at onset with impairment of consciousness only or with or without automatisms. eeg seizure type unilateral or, frequently bilateral discharge, diffuse or focal in temporal or frontotemporal regions. eeg interictal expression unilateral or bilateral generally asynchronous focus; usually in the temporal or frontal regions. luders 1998 if it is associated with a focal epileptiform discharge or occurs in a patient with a focal epileptic syndrome (even in the absence of a local epileptiform correlate), it is identified as a complex partial seizure. complex partial seizur complex partial seizure Complex_Partial_Seizure ESSO:Confused Confused confus confused Confused ESSO:Confusion Confusion confus confusion Confusion ESSO:Consciousness Consciousness Bancaud 1981 Degre of awar and/or respons of the patient to extern appli stimuli. Inabil to respond normal to exogen stimuli by virtu of alter awar and/or respons Conscious preserved. bancaud 1981 degree of awareness and/or responsiveness of the patient to externally applied stimuli. inability to respond normally to exogeneous stimuli by virtue of altered awareness and/or responsiveness consciousness preserved. conscious consciousness Consciousness ESSO:Continuous_Slow_Activity Continuous_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Continu Slow Activity: Slow activ that occur continu is non-respons to extern stimuli and clear exceed the amount consid physiolog normal for the patient age. As a rule, it is irregular (polymorphic) and lie within the frequenc rang of delta/theta wave (see intermitt slow activity). continu slow activ continuous slow activity noachter 1999 continuous slow activity: slow activity that occurs continuously is non-responsive to external stimuli and clearly exceeds the amount considered physiologically normal for the patient's age. as a rule, it is irregular (polymorphic) and lies within the frequency range of delta/theta waves (see intermittent slow activity). Continuous_Slow_Activity ESSO:Cortical_Dysplasia Cortical_Dysplasia cortic dysplasia cortical dysplasia Cortical_Dysplasia ESSO:Cortical_Malformation_Abnormal_Development Cortical_Malformation_Abnormal_Development Engel 2001 Malform due to abnorm cortic develop cortic malform abnorm develop cortical malformation abnormal development engel 2001 malformations due to abnormal cortical developments Cortical_Malformation_Abnormal_Development ESSO:D-Glyceric_Acidemia D-Glyceric_Acidemia Engel 2001 D-Glycer Acidemia d- glycer acidemia d- glyceric acidemia engel 2001 d-glyceric acidemia D-Glyceric_Acidemia ESSO:Decorticate_Posturing Decorticate_Posturing decort postur decorticate posturing Decorticate_Posturing ESSO:Deja_Vu Deja_Vu Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi (deja vu). Deja Vu: Sensat as if a naiv experi had been experienc before. bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience (deja vu). deja vu: sensation as if a naive experience had been experienced before. deja vu Deja_Vu ESSO:Delta_Rhythm Delta_Rhythm delta rhythm noachter 1999 rhythm under 4 hz Delta_Rhythm ESSO:Denatorubropallidoluysian_Atrophy Denatorubropallidoluysian_Atrophy Engel 2001 Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophi denatorubropallidoluysian atrophi denatorubropallidoluysian atrophy engel 2001 dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy Denatorubropallidoluysian_Atrophy ESSO:Depression Depression Bancaud 1981 Intens Depress bancaud 1981 intense depression depress depression Depression ESSO:Dialeptic_Seizure Dialeptic_Seizure Luder 1998 Conscious Sphere Ictal episod in which the main manifest is an alter of conscious independ of EEG Definition: Episod of unrespons or decreas respons that are not caus by motor alter Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher “Dialeptic” seizur have as their main ictal manifest an alter of conscious that is independ of ictal EEG manifestations. The new term “dialeptic” seizur has been coin to differenti this concept from absenc seizur (dialept seizur with a general ictal EEG) and complex partial seizur (dialept seizur with a focal ictal EEG). Dialept seizur is a new term coin to identifi seizur in which the predomin symptomatolog consist of an alter of conscious (see discuss of terminolog above). Alterat of conscious is difficult to define. However, for the purpos of identifi dialept seizures, we classifi alter conscious as doe the ILAE classif of epilept electroclin complexes, e.g., as episod of unrespons or decreas respons that are not caus by motor alterations. Dialept seizur are associ with complet or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episod is necessari to establish the diagnosi of dialept seizure. dialept seizur dialeptic seizure luders 1998 consciousness sphere ictal episodes in which the main manifestation is an alteration of consciousness independent of eeg definition: episodes of unresponsiveness or decreased responsiveness that are not caused by motor alterations location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere “dialeptic” seizures have as their main ictal manifestations an alteration of consciousness that is independent of ictal eeg manifestations. the new term “dialeptic” seizure has been coined to differentiate this concept from absence seizures (dialeptic seizures with a generalized ictal eeg) and complex partial seizures (dialeptic seizures with a focal ictal eeg). dialeptic seizures is a new term coined to identify seizures in which the predominant symptomatology consists of an alteration of consciousness (see discussion of terminology above). alteration of consciousness is difficult to define. however, for the purpose of identifying dialeptic seizures, we classify altered consciousness as does the ilae classification of epileptic electroclinical complexes, e.g., as episodes of unresponsiveness or decreased responsiveness that are not caused by motor alterations. dialeptic seizures are associated with complete or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episode is necessary to establish the diagnosis of dialeptic seizure. Dialeptic_Seizure ESSO:Dialeptic_Status Dialeptic_Status Luder 1998 Dialept Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher “Dialeptic” seizur have as their main ictal manifest an alter of conscious that is independ of ictal EEG manifestations. The new term “dialeptic” seizur has been coin to differenti this concept from absenc seizur (dialept seizur with a general ictal EEG) and complex partial seizur (dialept seizur with a focal ictal EEG). Dialept seizur is a new term coin to identifi seizur in which the predomin symptomatolog consist of an alter of conscious (see discuss of terminolog above). Alterat of conscious is difficult to define. However, for the purpos of identifi dialept seizures, we classifi alter conscious as doe the ILAE classif of epilept electroclin complexes, e.g., as episod of unrespons or decreas respons that are not caus by motor alterations. Dialept seizur are associ with complet or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episod is necessari to establish the diagnosi of dialept seizure. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Absenc Status Epilepticus dialept status dialeptic status luders 1998 dialeptic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere “dialeptic” seizures have as their main ictal manifestations an alteration of consciousness that is independent of ictal eeg manifestations. the new term “dialeptic” seizure has been coined to differentiate this concept from absence seizures (dialeptic seizures with a generalized ictal eeg) and complex partial seizures (dialeptic seizures with a focal ictal eeg). dialeptic seizures is a new term coined to identify seizures in which the predominant symptomatology consists of an alteration of consciousness (see discussion of terminology above). alteration of consciousness is difficult to define. however, for the purpose of identifying dialeptic seizures, we classify altered consciousness as does the ilae classification of epileptic electroclinical complexes, e.g., as episodes of unresponsiveness or decreased responsiveness that are not caused by motor alterations. dialeptic seizures are associated with complete or at least partial amnesia for the episode; therefore, amnesia of the episode is necessary to establish the diagnosis of dialeptic seizure. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 absence status epilepticus Dialeptic_Status ESSO:Diencephalon Diencephalon Trancr 2005 The Diencephalon, which consist of the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus, is involv mani function includ sensori processing, motor control and mainten of homeostasis. Structures: Epithalamus Fornix Hypothalamus Internal Capsul Lamina Terminali Later Ventricl Mammillari Bodi Midbrain Optic Chiasm Optic Tract Posterior Commissur Subthalamus Telencephalon Thalamus Third Ventricl Information: Diencephalon Locat and Relations: The diencephalon lie intermedi between the midbrain (posteriorly) and the telencephalon (which cover it later and anteriorly). It extend from lamina terminali (anteriorly) to a line drawn between the posterior commissur and the posterior border of the mammillari bodi (posteriorly). On it dorsal surfac it is cover by the fornix medial and the later ventricl further laterally. Its later surfac is cover by a huge mass of white matter call the intern capsule. Its ventral surfac is cover anterior and later by the optic chiasm and tracts. Its medial surfac form the later wall and floor of the third ventricle. Components: (i) the (dorsal) thalamus - occupi 80% of the diencephalon. It is the main relay station en rout to the cortex for all sensori system except olfact (smell) and it play an import role in coordin and regul level of activ in the cerebr cortex, through it involv in the reticular activ system. (ii) The hypothalamus - separ from the thalamus by the hypothalam sulcus. It function to coordin viscer activ throughout the body. (iii) The epithalamus - which lie on the medial side of the thalamus, which play an import role in the regul of circadian rhythms. (iv) The subthalamus - which lie intermedi between the thalamus and midbrain and is not seen in sagitt section. It has an import motor function. diencephalon trancred 2005 the diencephalon, which consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus, is involved many functions including sensory processing, motor control and maintenance of homeostasis. structures: epithalamus fornix hypothalamus internal capsule lamina terminalis lateral ventricle mammillary body midbrain optic chiasm optic tract posterior commissure subthalamus telencephalon thalamus third ventricle information: diencephalon location and relations: the diencephalon lies intermediate between the midbrain (posteriorly) and the telencephalon (which covers it laterally and anteriorly). it extends from lamina terminalis (anteriorly) to a line drawn between the posterior commissure and the posterior border of the mammillary bodies (posteriorly). on its dorsal surface it is covered by the fornix medially and the lateral ventricles further laterally. its lateral surface is covered by a huge mass of white matter called the internal capsule. its ventral surface is covered anteriorly and laterally by the optic chiasm and tracts. its medial surface forms the lateral wall and floor of the third ventricle. components: (i) the (dorsal) thalamus - occupies 80% of the diencephalon. it is the main relay station en route to the cortex for all sensory systems except olfaction (smell) and it plays an important role in coordinating and regulating levels of activity in the cerebral cortex, through its involvement in the reticular activating system. (ii) the hypothalamus - separated from the thalamus by the hypothalamic sulcus. it functions to coordinate visceral activity throughout the body. (iii) the epithalamus - which lies on the medial side of the thalamus, which plays an important role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. (iv) the subthalamus - which lies intermediate between the thalamus and midbrain and is not seen in sagittal section. it has an important motor function. Diencephalon ESSO:Disease Disease Scheuermann 2009 Diseas A disposit (i) to undergo patholog process that (ii) exist in an organ becaus of one or more disord in that organism. Diseas as disposit root in physic disord in the organ and realiz in patholog processes. (1) to the exist of pre-clin manifest of diseas (disord can exist befor they are realiz in overt patholog processes); (2) to the combin of diseas and predisposit to diseas which can exist within a singl patient (as when an instanc of diseas of type A in a given patient is a risk factor for a second diseas of type B); and (3) to the fact that the diseas cours and the clinic pictur may vari wide between patient who have the same disease. Disord A causal relat isol combin of physic compon that is (a) clinic abnorm and (b) maximal, in the sens that it is not a part of some larger such combination. Such disord are the physic basi of disease. A diseas come into exist becaus some physic compon becom malformed. diseas disease scheuermann 2009 disease a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. diseases as dispositions rooted in physical disorders in the organism and realized in pathological processes. (1) to the existence of pre-clinical manifestations of disease (disorders can exist before they are realized in overt pathological processes); (2) to the combinations of disease and predispositions to disease which can exist within a single patient (as when an instance of disease of type a in a given patient is a risk factor for a second disease of type b); and (3) to the fact that the disease course and the clinical picture may vary widely between patients who have the same disease. disorder a causally relatively isolated combination of physical components that is (a) clinically abnormal and (b) maximal, in the sense that it is not a part of some larger such combination. such disorders are the physical basis of disease. a disease comes into existence because some physical component becomes malformed. Disease ESSO:Drowsiness Drowsiness Bancaud 1981 Drowsi or somnol impli a sleep state from which the patient can be arous to make appropri motor and verbal responses. bancaud 1981 drowsiness or somnolence implies a sleep state from which the patient can be aroused to make appropriate motor and verbal responses. drowsi drowsiness Drowsiness ESSO:Drug_Induced_Seizure Drug_Induced_Seizure Engel 2001 Drug or other chemic induc seizur drug induc seizur drug induced seizure engel 2001 drug or other chemically induced seizures Drug_Induced_Seizure ESSO:Dysphasia Dysphasia Mayo Clinic Websit Definition: A languag disord that affect a person abil to communicate. dysphasia mayo clinic website definition: a language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. Dysphasia ESSO:Early-Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Early-Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Engel 2001 Early-Onset Benign Childhood Occipit Epilepsi (Panayiotopoulo Type) early- onset benign childhood occipit epilepsy- panayiotopoulo type early- onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy- panayiotopoulos type engel 2001 early-onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy (panayiotopoulos type) Early-Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type ESSO:Early_Onset_Benign_Occipital_Epilepsy Early_Onset_Benign_Occipital_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Ear Onset Benign Childhood Occipit Epilepsi - Panayiotopoulo Type earli onset benign occipit epilepsi early onset benign occipital epilepsy engel 2001 early onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy - panayiotopoulos type Early_Onset_Benign_Occipital_Epilepsy ESSO:Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizure Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizure Engel 2001 Immediat and earli post cerebr insult seizur earli post cerebr insult seizur early post cerebral insult seizure engel 2001 immediate and early post cerebral insult seizures Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizure ESSO:Early_Posttraumatic_Seizure Early_Posttraumatic_Seizure Engel 2001 Immediat and earli posttraumat seizur earli posttraumat seizur early posttraumatic seizure engel 2001 immediate and early posttraumatic seizures Early_Posttraumatic_Seizure ESSO:Elderly_Greater_Than_60_Years Elderly_Greater_Than_60_Years blume 2003 berg 2010 elder greater than 60 year elderly greater than 60 years Elderly_Greater_Than_60_Years ESSO:Electric_Shock_Sensation Electric_Shock_Sensation Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. electr shock sensat electric shock sensation Electric_Shock_Sensation ESSO:Electrodecrement Electrodecrement electrodecr electrodecrement ictal Electrodecrement ESSO:Encephalitis Encephalitis d0000524 enceph encephalitis Encephalitis ESSO:Encephalopathy Encephalopathy Interview not semiolog encephalopathi encephalopathy interview not semiology Encephalopathy ESSO:Engel_2001_Aminoacidopathies Engel_2001_Aminoacidopathies Engel 2001 Aminoacidopathi engel 2001 aminoacidopathi engel 2001 aminoacidopathies Engel_2001_Aminoacidopathies ESSO:Engel_2001_Angelman_Syndrome Engel_2001_Angelman_Syndrome Engel 2001 Angelman Syndrom engel 2001 angelman syndrom engel 2001 angelman syndrome Engel_2001_Angelman_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures Engel_2001_Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures Engel 2001 Benign Famili Neonat Seizur engel 2001 benign famili neonat seizur engel 2001 benign familial neonatal seizures Engel_2001_Benign_Familial_Neonatal_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Non-Familial Engel_2001_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Non-Familial Engel 2001 Benign Infantil Seizur engel 2001 benign infantil seizur non- famili engel 2001 benign infantile seizures engel 2001 benign infantile seizures non- familial Engel_2001_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Non-Familial ESSO:Engel_2001_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Nonfamilial Engel_2001_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Nonfamilial Engel 2001 Benign Infantil Seizur Nonfamili engel 2001 benign infantil seizur nonfamili engel 2001 benign infantile seizures nonfamilial Engel_2001_Benign_Infantile_Seizures_Nonfamilial ESSO:Engel_2001_Bilateral_Perisylvian_Syndrome Engel_2001_Bilateral_Perisylvian_Syndrome Engel 2001 Bilater perisylvian syndrom engel 2001 bilater perisylvian syndrom engel 2001 bilateral perisylvian syndrome Engel_2001_Bilateral_Perisylvian_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Celiac_Disease Engel_2001_Celiac_Disease Engel 2001 Celiac diseas (Epilepsi With Occipit Calcif And Celiac Disease) engel 2001 celiac diseas engel 2001 celiac disease engel 2001 celiac disease (epilepsy with occipital calcifications and celiac disease) Engel_2001_Celiac_Disease ESSO:Engel_2001_Ceroid_Lipofuscinosis Engel_2001_Ceroid_Lipofuscinosis Engel 2001 Ceroid lipofuscinosi engel 2001 ceroid lipofuscinosi engel 2001 ceroid lipofuscinosis Engel_2001_Ceroid_Lipofuscinosis ESSO:Engel_2001_Chromosomal_Abnormalities Engel_2001_Chromosomal_Abnormalities Engel 2001 Chromosom Abnormal engel 2001 chromosom abnorm engel 2001 chromosomal abnormalities Engel_2001_Chromosomal_Abnormalities ESSO:Engel_2001_D-Glyceric_Acidemia Engel_2001_D-Glyceric_Acidemia Engel 2001 D-Glycer Acidemia engel 2001 d- glycer acidemia engel 2001 d- glyceric acidemia engel 2001 d-glyceric acidemia Engel_2001_D-Glyceric_Acidemia ESSO:Engel_2001_Dentatorubropallidoluysian_Atrophy Engel_2001_Dentatorubropallidoluysian_Atrophy Engel 2001 Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophi engel 2001 dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophi engel 2001 dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy Engel_2001_Dentatorubropallidoluysian_Atrophy ESSO:Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Biotin_Metabolism Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Biotin_Metabolism Engel 2001 Disord of biotin metabol engel 2001 disord of biotin metabol engel 2001 disorders of biotin metabolism Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Biotin_Metabolism ESSO:Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Carbohydrate_Metabolism Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Carbohydrate_Metabolism Engel 2001 Disord of Carbohydr Metabol engel 2001 disord of carbohydr metabol engel 2001 disorders of carbohydrate metabolism Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Carbohydrate_Metabolism ESSO:Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Folic_Acid_And_B12_Metabolism Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Folic_Acid_And_B12_Metabolism Engel 2001 DIsorder of folic acid and B12 metabol engel 2001 disord of folic acid and b12 metabol engel 2001 disorders of folic acid and b12 metabolism Engel_2001_Disorders_Of_Folic_Acid_And_B12_Metabolism ESSO:Engel_2001_Drug_Or_Other_Chemically_Induced_Seizures Engel_2001_Drug_Or_Other_Chemically_Induced_Seizures Engel 2001 Drug or other chemic induc seizur engel 2001 drug or other chemic induc seizur engel 2001 drug or other chemically induced seizures Engel_2001_Drug_Or_Other_Chemically_Induced_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Early-Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Engel_2001_Early-Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Engel 2001 Early-Onset Benign Childhood Occipit Epilepsi (Panayiotopoulo Type) engel 2001 early- onset benign childhood occipit epilepsy- panayiotopoulo type engel 2001 early- onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy- panayiotopoulos type engel 2001 early-onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy (panayiotopoulos type) Engel_2001_Early-Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type ESSO:Engel_2001_Early_Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Engel_2001_Early_Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type Engel 2001 Ear Onset Benign Childhood Occipit Epilepsi - Panayiotopoulo Type engel 2001 earli onset benign childhood occipit epilepsy- panayiotopoulo type engel 2001 early onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy - panayiotopoulos type engel 2001 early onset benign childhood occipital epilepsy- panayiotopoulos type Engel_2001_Early_Onset_Benign_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Panayiotopoulos_Type ESSO:Engel_2001_Epidermal_Nevus_Syndrome Engel_2001_Epidermal_Nevus_Syndrome Engel 2001 Epiderm nevus syndrom engel 2001 epiderm nevus syndrom engel 2001 epidermal nevus syndrome Engel_2001_Epidermal_Nevus_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Astatic_Seizures Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Astatic_Seizures Engel 2001 Epilepsi with myoclon astat seizur engel 2001 epilepsi with myoclon astat seizur engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic astatic seizures Engel_2001_Epilepsy_With_Myoclonic_Astatic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel_2001_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Famili tempor lobe epilepsi engel 2001 famili tempor lobe epilepsi engel 2001 familial temporal lobe epilepsy Engel_2001_Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Heterotopia Engel_2001_Focal_Heterotopia engel 2001 focal heterotopia Engel_2001_Focal_Heterotopia ESSO:Engel_2001_Focal_Or_Multifocal_Cortical_Dysplasia Engel_2001_Focal_Or_Multifocal_Cortical_Dysplasia Engel 2001 Focal or multifoc cortic dysplasia engel 2001 focal or multifoc cortic dysplasia engel 2001 focal or multifocal cortical dysplasia Engel_2001_Focal_Or_Multifocal_Cortical_Dysplasia ESSO:Engel_2001_Fragile_X_Syndrome Engel_2001_Fragile_X_Syndrome Engel 2001 Fragil X syndrom engel 2001 fragil x syndrom engel 2001 fragile x syndrome Engel_2001_Fragile_X_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Fructose_1-6_Diphosphatase_Deficiency Engel_2001_Fructose_1-6_Diphosphatase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Fructos 1-6 diphsphatas defici engel 2001 fructos 1-6 diphosphatas defici engel 2001 fructose 1-6 diphosphatase deficiency engel 2001 fructose 1-6 diphsphatase deficiency Engel_2001_Fructose_1-6_Diphosphatase_Deficiency ESSO:Engel_2001_Fumarase_Deficiency Engel_2001_Fumarase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Fumaras defici engel 2001 fumaras defici engel 2001 fumarase deficiency Engel_2001_Fumarase_Deficiency ESSO:Engel_2001_Glucose_Transport_Protein_Deficiency Engel_2001_Glucose_Transport_Protein_Deficiency Engel 2001 Glucos transport protein defici engel 2001 glucos transport protein defici engel 2001 glucose transport protein deficiency Engel_2001_Glucose_Transport_Protein_Deficiency ESSO:Engel_2001_Glycogen-Storage_Disorders Engel_2001_Glycogen-Storage_Disorders Engel 2001 Glycogen-storag disord engel 2001 glycogen- storag disord engel 2001 glycogen- storage disorders engel 2001 glycogen-storage disorders Engel_2001_Glycogen-Storage_Disorders ESSO:Engel_2001_Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia_Epilepsy_HHE_Syndrome Engel_2001_Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia_Epilepsy_HHE_Syndrome Engel 2001 Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Epilepsi (HHE) Syndrom engel 2001 hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia epilepsi h h e syndrom engel 2001 hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia epilepsy h h e syndrome engel 2001 hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia epilepsy (hhe) syndrome Engel_2001_Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia_Epilepsy_HHE_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Huntington_Disease Engel_2001_Huntington_Disease Engel 2001 Huntington diseas engel 2001 huntington diseas engel 2001 huntington disease Engel_2001_Huntington_Disease ESSO:Engel_2001_Immediate_And_Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizures Engel_2001_Immediate_And_Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizures Engel 2001 Immediat and earli post cerebr insult seizur engel 2001 immedi and earli post cerebr insult seizur engel 2001 immediate and early post cerebral insult seizures Engel_2001_Immediate_And_Early_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Immediate_And_Early_Posttraumatic_Seizures Engel_2001_Immediate_And_Early_Posttraumatic_Seizures Engel 2001 Immediat and earli posttraumat seizur engel 2001 immedi and earli posttraumat seizur engel 2001 immediate and early posttraumatic seizures Engel_2001_Immediate_And_Early_Posttraumatic_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Isolated_Lissencephaly_Sequence Engel_2001_Isolated_Lissencephaly_Sequence Engel 2001 Isolat lissencephali sequenc engel 2001 isol lissencephali sequenc engel 2001 isolated lissencephaly sequence Engel_2001_Isolated_Lissencephaly_Sequence ESSO:Engel_2001_Krabbe_Disease Engel_2001_Krabbe_Disease Engel 2001 Krabb Diseas engel 2001 krabb diseas engel 2001 krabbe disease Engel_2001_Krabbe_Disease ESSO:Engel_2001_Lafora_Disease Engel_2001_Lafora_Disease Engel 2001 Lafora Diseas engel 2001 lafora diseas engel 2001 lafora disease Engel_2001_Lafora_Disease ESSO:Engel_2001_Late-Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type Engel_2001_Late-Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type Engel 2001 Late-Onset Childhood Occipit Epilepsi (Gastaut Type) engel 2001 late- onset childhood occipit epilepsy- gastaut type engel 2001 late- onset childhood occipital epilepsy- gastaut type engel 2001 late-onset childhood occipital epilepsy (gastaut type) Engel_2001_Late-Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type ESSO:Engel_2001_Limbic_Epilepsies Engel_2001_Limbic_Epilepsies Engel 2001 Limbic epilepsi engel 2001 limbic epilepsi engel 2001 limbic epilepsies Engel_2001_Limbic_Epilepsies ESSO:Engel_2001_Malformations_Due_To_Abnormal_Cortical_Developments Engel_2001_Malformations_Due_To_Abnormal_Cortical_Developments Engel 2001 Malform due to abnorm cortic develop engel 2001 malform due to abnorm cortic develop engel 2001 malformations due to abnormal cortical developments Engel_2001_Malformations_Due_To_Abnormal_Cortical_Developments ESSO:Engel_2001_Maple_Syrup_Urine_Disease Engel_2001_Maple_Syrup_Urine_Disease 2001 Engel Mapl syrup urin diseas 2001 engel maple syrup urine disease engel 2001 mapl syrup urin diseas engel 2001 maple syrup urine disease Engel_2001_Maple_Syrup_Urine_Disease ESSO:Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis Engel 2001 Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi with Hippocamp Sclerosi engel 2001 mesial tempor lobe epilepsi with hippocamp sclerosi engel 2001 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis Engel_2001_Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis ESSO:Engel_2001_Microdysgenesis Engel_2001_Microdysgenesis Engel 2001 Microdysgenesi engel 2001 microdysgenesi engel 2001 microdysgenesis Engel_2001_Microdysgenesis ESSO:Engel_2001_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Early_Infancy Engel_2001_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Early_Infancy Engel 2001 Migrat Partial Seizur of Ear Infanci Syndrom in develop engel 2001 migrat partial seizur of earli infanc engel 2001 migrating partial seizures of early infancy engel 2001 migrating partial seizures of early infancy syndromes in development Engel_2001_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Early_Infancy ESSO:Engel_2001_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Infancy Engel_2001_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Infancy Engel 2001 Migrat Partial Seizur of Infanci Syndrom in develop engel 2001 migrat partial seizur of infanc engel 2001 migrating partial seizures of infancy engel 2001 migrating partial seizures of infancy syndromes in development Engel_2001_Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Infancy ESSO:Engel_2001_Mitochondrial_Diseases Engel_2001_Mitochondrial_Diseases Engel 2001 Mitochondri diseas engel 2001 mitochondri diseas engel 2001 mitochondrial diseases Engel_2001_Mitochondrial_Diseases ESSO:Engel_2001_Mitochondrial_Encephalomyopathy_Lactic_Acidosis_And_Stroke-Like_Symptoms_MELAS Engel_2001_Mitochondrial_Encephalomyopathy_Lactic_Acidosis_And_Stroke-Like_Symptoms_MELAS engel 2001 melas engel 2001 mitochondri encephalomyopathi lactic acidosi and stroke- like symptom m e l a s engel 2001 mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke- like symptoms m e l a s Engel_2001_Mitochondrial_Encephalomyopathy_Lactic_Acidosis_And_Stroke-Like_Symptoms_MELAS ESSO:Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Absence_Seizures Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Absence_Seizures Engel 2001 Myoclon Absenc Seizur engel 2001 myoclon absenc seizur engel 2001 myoclonic absence seizures Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Absence_Seizures ESSO:Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Status_In_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Status_In_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Engel 2001 Myoclon Status in Nonprogress Encephalopathi Syndrom in develop engel 2001 myoclon status in nonprogress encephalopathi engel 2001 myoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies engel 2001 myoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies syndromes in development Engel_2001_Myoclonic_Status_In_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies ESSO:Engel_2001_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_With_Ragged_Red_Fibers_MERRF Engel_2001_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_With_Ragged_Red_Fibers_MERRF engel 2001 merrf engel 2001 myoclonus epilepsi with rag red fiber m e r r f engel 2001 myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers m e r r f Engel_2001_Myoclonus_Epilepsy_With_Ragged_Red_Fibers_MERRF ESSO:Engel_2001_Neuroaxonal_Dystrophy Engel_2001_Neuroaxonal_Dystrophy Engel 2001 Neuroaxon Dystrophi engel 2001 neuroaxon dystrophi engel 2001 neuroaxonal dystrophy Engel_2001_Neuroaxonal_Dystrophy ESSO:Engel_2001_Neurofibromatosis Engel_2001_Neurofibromatosis Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosi engel 2001 neurofibromatosi engel 2001 neurofibromatosis Engel_2001_Neurofibromatosis ESSO:Engel_2001_Nonketotic_Hyperglycinemia Engel_2001_Nonketotic_Hyperglycinemia Engel 2001 Nonketot hyperglycinemia engel 2001 nonketot hyperglycinemia engel 2001 nonketotic hyperglycinemia Engel_2001_Nonketotic_Hyperglycinemia ESSO:Engel_2001_Other_Organic_Acidurias Engel_2001_Other_Organic_Acidurias Engel 2001 Other organ aciduria engel 2001 other organ aciduria engel 2001 other organic acidurias Engel_2001_Other_Organic_Acidurias ESSO:Engel_2001_Periventricular_Nodular_Heterotopia Engel_2001_Periventricular_Nodular_Heterotopia engel 2001 periventricular nodular heterotopia Engel_2001_Periventricular_Nodular_Heterotopia ESSO:Engel_2001_Peroxisomal_Disorders Engel_2001_Peroxisomal_Disorders Engel 2001 Peroxisom disord engel 2001 peroxisom disord engel 2001 peroxisomal disorders Engel_2001_Peroxisomal_Disorders ESSO:Engel_2001_Phenylketonuria Engel_2001_Phenylketonuria 2001 engel phenylketonuria engel 2001 phenylketonuria Engel_2001_Phenylketonuria ESSO:Engel_2001_Propionic_Acidemia Engel_2001_Propionic_Acidemia Engel 2001 Propion acidemia engel 2001 propion acidemia engel 2001 propionic acidemia Engel_2001_Propionic_Acidemia ESSO:Engel_2001_Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency Engel_2001_Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Pyruv dehydrogenas defici engel 2001 pyruv dehydrogenas defici engel 2001 pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency Engel_2001_Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency ESSO:Engel_2001_Rasmussen_Syndrome Engel_2001_Rasmussen_Syndrome Engel 2001 Rasmussen Syndrom engel 2001 rasmussen syndrom engel 2001 rasmussen syndrome Engel_2001_Rasmussen_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Respiratory_Chain_Defects Engel_2001_Respiratory_Chain_Defects Engel 2001 Respiratori chain defect engel 2001 respiratori chain defect engel 2001 respiratory chain defects Engel_2001_Respiratory_Chain_Defects ESSO:Engel_2001_Rett_Syndrome Engel_2001_Rett_Syndrome Engel 2001 Rett syndrom engel 2001 rett syndrom engel 2001 rett syndrome Engel_2001_Rett_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Sanfilippo_Syndrome Engel_2001_Sanfilippo_Syndrome Engel 2001 Sanfilippo syndrom engel 2001 sanfilippo syndrom engel 2001 sanfilippo syndrome Engel_2001_Sanfilippo_Syndrome ESSO:Engel_2001_Schizencephalies Engel_2001_Schizencephalies Engel 2001 Schizencephali engel 2001 schizencephali engel 2001 schizencephalies Engel_2001_Schizencephalies ESSO:Engel_2001_Sialidosis Engel_2001_Sialidosis Engel 2001 Sialidosi engel 2001 sialidosi engel 2001 sialidosis Engel_2001_Sialidosis ESSO:Engel_2001_Subcortical_Band_Heterotopia Engel_2001_Subcortical_Band_Heterotopia Engel 2001 Subcort band heterotopia engel 2001 subcort band heterotopia engel 2001 subcortical band heterotopia Engel_2001_Subcortical_Band_Heterotopia ESSO:Engel_2001_Sulphite-Oxidase_Deficiency Engel_2001_Sulphite-Oxidase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Sulphite-Oxidas Defici engel 2001 sulphite- oxidas defici engel 2001 sulphite- oxidase deficiency engel 2001 sulphite-oxidase deficiency Engel_2001_Sulphite-Oxidase_Deficiency ESSO:Engel_2001_Tuberous_Sclerosis_Complex Engel_2001_Tuberous_Sclerosis_Complex Engel 2001 Tuber sclerosi complex engel 2001 tuber sclerosi complex engel 2001 tuberous sclerosis complex Engel_2001_Tuberous_Sclerosis_Complex ESSO:Engel_2001_Unilateral_Polymicrogyria Engel_2001_Unilateral_Polymicrogyria Engel 2001 Unilater polymicrogyria engel 2001 unilater polymicrogyria engel 2001 unilateral polymicrogyria Engel_2001_Unilateral_Polymicrogyria ESSO:Engel_2001_Urea_Cycle_Disorders Engel_2001_Urea_Cycle_Disorders Engel 2001 Urea Cycl Disord engel 2001 urea cycl disord engel 2001 urea cycle disorders Engel_2001_Urea_Cycle_Disorders ESSO:Engel_2001_X-Linked_Lissencephaly Engel_2001_X-Linked_Lissencephaly Engel 2001 X-link lissencephali engel 2001 x- link lissencephali engel 2001 x- linked lissencephaly engel 2001 x-linked lissencephaly Engel_2001_X-Linked_Lissencephaly ESSO:Epidemiologic_Factor Epidemiologic_Factor ILAE 1989 Rare Sign 2006 epidemiolog Recurr risk Remiss rate Berg 2010 epideimiolog epidemiolog factor epidemiologic factor ilae 1989 rare sign 2006 epidemiology recurrence risk remission rate berg 2010 epideimiology Epidemiologic_Factor ESSO:Epidermal_Nevus_Syndrome Epidermal_Nevus_Syndrome Engel 2001 Epiderm nevus syndrom engel 2001 epidermal nevus syndrome epiderm nevus syndrom epidermal nevus syndrome Epidermal_Nevus_Syndrome ESSO:Epilepsy_Syndrome_List_Cited_from_1989_to_2014 Epilepsy_Syndrome_List_Cited_from_1989_to_2014 ILAE 1989 An epilept syndrom is an epilept disord character by a cluster of sign and symptom customarili occur together; these includ such item as type of seizure, etiology, anatomy, precipit factors, age of onset, severity, chronicity, diurnal and circadian cycling, and sometim prognosis. However, in contradistinct to a disease, a syndrom doe not necessarili have a common etiolog and prognosis. Engel 2006 Epilepsi syndrome: A complex of sign and symptom that defin a uniqu epilepsi condit with differ etiologies. This must involv more than just the seizur type; thus frontal lobe seizur per se, for instance, do not constitut a syndrom (chang concept). Fischer 2014 epilepsi syndrom epilepsi syndrom list cite from 1989 to 2014 epilepsy syndrome list cited from 1989 to 2014 ilae 1989 an epileptic syndrome is an epileptic disorder characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms customarily occurring together; these include such items as type of seizure, etiology, anatomy, precipitating factors, age of onset, severity, chronicity, diurnal and circadian cycling, and sometimes prognosis. however, in contradistinction to a disease, a syndrome does not necessarily have a common etiology and prognosis. engel 2006 epilepsy syndrome: a complex of signs and symptoms that define a unique epilepsy condition with different etiologies. this must involve more than just the seizure type; thus frontal lobe seizures per se, for instance, do not constitute a syndrome (changed concept). fischer 2014 epilepsy syndrome Epilepsy_Syndrome_List_Cited_from_1989_to_2014 ESSO:Epilepsy_with_General_Tonic_Clonic_Seizure_on_Awakening Epilepsy_with_General_Tonic_Clonic_Seizure_on_Awakening d0000533 epilepsi with general tonic clonic seizur on awaken epilepsy with general tonic clonic seizure on awakening Epilepsy_with_General_Tonic_Clonic_Seizure_on_Awakening ESSO:Epilepsy_with_Myoclonic_Absence Epilepsy_with_Myoclonic_Absence ILAE 1989 Epilepsi with myoclon absenc The syndrom of epilepsi with myoclon absenc is clinic character by absenc accompani by sever bilater rhythmic clonic jerks, often associ with a tonic contraction. On the EEG, these clinic featur are alway accompani by bilateral, synchronous, and symmetr discharg of rhythmic spike-wav at 3 Hz, similar to childhood absence. Seizur occur mani time a day. Aware of the jerk may be maintained. Associat seizur are rare. Age of onset is -7 years, and there is a male preponderance. Prognosi is less favor than in pyknolepsi owe to resist to therapi of the seizures, mental deterioration, and possibl evolut to other type of epilepsi such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Engel 2001 Epilepsi with myoclon absenc epilepsi with myoclon absenc epilepsy with myoclonic absence ilae 1989 epilepsy with myoclonic absences the syndrome of epilepsy with myoclonic absences is clinically characterized by absences accompanied by severe bilateral rhythmical clonic jerks, often associated with a tonic contraction. on the eeg, these clinical features are always accompanied by bilateral, synchronous, and symmetrical discharge of rhythmical spike-waves at 3 hz, similar to childhood absence. seizures occur many times a day. awareness of the jerks may be maintained. associated seizures are rare. age of onset is -7 years, and there is a male preponderance. prognosis is less favorable than in pyknolepsy owing to resistance to therapy of the seizures, mental deterioration, and possible evolution to other types of epilepsy such as lennox-gastaut syndrome. engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic absences Epilepsy_with_Myoclonic_Absence ESSO:Epileptic_Spasm Epileptic_Spasm Luder 1998 Epilept Spasm Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Simple, unnatur movement Like Broadman 4&6 stimul Blume 2001 1.1.1.1 Epilept spasm (former infantil spasm): Noun: A sudden flexion, extension, or mix extens flexion of predomin proxim and truncal muscl that is usual more sustain than a myoclon movement but not so sustain as a tonic seizur (i.e., ~1s). Limit form may occur: grimacing, head nodding,. Epilept spasm frequent occur in cluster Engel 2001 Spasm Berg 2010 Spasms: epilept spasms, infantil spasm epilept spasm epileptic spasm luders 1998 epileptic spasm location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric simple, unnatural movements like broadman 4&6 stimulation blume 2001 1.1.1.1 epileptic spasm (formerly infantile spasm): noun: a sudden flexion, extension, or mixed extension flexion of predominantly proximal and truncal muscles that is usually more sustained than a myoclonic movement but not so sustained as a tonic seizure (i.e., ~1s). limited forms may occur: grimacing, head nodding,. epileptic spasms frequently occur in clusters engel 2001 spasms berg 2010 spasms: epileptic spasms, infantile spasms Epileptic_Spasm ESSO:Epileptic_Spasm_Status Epileptic_Spasm_Status Luder 1998 Epilept Spasm Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Tonic seizur consist of sustain muscl contractions, usual last >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. epilept spasm status epileptic spasm status luders 1998 epileptic spasm location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures consist of sustained muscle contractions, usually lasting >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Epileptic_Spasm_Status ESSO:Ethosuximide Ethosuximide ethosuximid ethosuximide Ethosuximide ESSO:Face Face bancaud 1981 face face Face ESSO:Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Famili Tempor Lobe Epilepsi engel 2001 familial temporal lobe epilepsy famili tempor lobe epilepsi familial temporal lobe epilepsy Familial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Fatigue Fatigue bancaud 1981 fatigu fatigue Fatigue ESSO:Fear Fear Bancaud 1981 Fear or terror is the most frequent sympto; is is sudden in onset, usual unprovok and may lead to run away. bancaud 1981 fear or terror is the most frequent sympto; is is sudden in onset, usually unprovoked and may lead to running away. fear Fear ESSO:Febrile_Infection-Related_Epilepsy_Syndrome_FIRES Febrile_Infection-Related_Epilepsy_Syndrome_FIRES Suleiman 2013 Febril infection-rel epilepsi syndrom (van Baalen et al., 2010) or fer-induc refractori epilept encephalopathi in school-ag children (Nabbout et al., 2010, 2011), both call fever-induc refractori epilept encephalopathi in school-ag children (FIRES). febril infection- relat epilepsi syndrom f i r e s febrile infection- related epilepsy syndrome f i r e s suleiman 2013 febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (van baalen et al., 2010) or fer-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (nabbout et al., 2010, 2011), both called fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (fires). Febrile_Infection-Related_Epilepsy_Syndrome_FIRES ESSO:Febrile_Seizures Febrile_Seizures Engel 2001 Febril Seizur Another chang in terminolog evid in this document is the omiss of the word “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epilept seizur type and epilepsi syndromes. The Task Forc thought that these are nonspecif lay terms, and at time improp used. Consequ it was agre to be consistent, not onli in descript ictal terminology, but also in name epilept seizur type and syndromes, to avoid these terms. For instance, the Task Forc is propos that the term “febril convulsions” be replac by “febril seizures.” ILAE 2010 Febril Seizur engel 2001 febrile seizures another change in terminology evident in this document is the omission of the words “convulsion” and “convulsive” in the list of epileptic seizure types and epilepsy syndromes. the task force thought that these are nonspecific lay terms, and at times improperly used. consequently it was agreed to be consistent, not only in descriptive ictal terminology, but also in naming epileptic seizure types and syndromes, to avoid these terms. for instance, the task force is proposing that the term “febrile convulsions” be replaced by “febrile seizures.” ilae 2010 febrile seizures febril seizur febrile seizures Febrile_Seizures ESSO:Fever Fever fever Fever ESSO:Fever-Induced_Refractory_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_in_School-Aged_Children_FIRES Fever-Induced_Refractory_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_in_School-Aged_Children_FIRES Suleiman 2013 Febril infection-rel epilepsi syndrom (van Baalen et al., 2010) or fer-induc refractori epilept encephalopathi in school-ag children (Nabbout et al., 2010, 2011), both call fever-induc refractori epilept encephalopathi in school-ag children (FIRES). fever- induc refractori epilept encephalopathi in school- age children f i r e s fever- induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school- aged children f i r e s suleiman 2013 febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome (van baalen et al., 2010) or fer-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (nabbout et al., 2010, 2011), both called fever-induced refractory epileptic encephalopathy in school-aged children (fires). Fever-Induced_Refractory_Epileptic_Encephalopathy_in_School-Aged_Children_FIRES ESSO:Fingers Fingers finger fingers Fingers ESSO:Focal_Cortical_Dysplasia Focal_Cortical_Dysplasia Engel 2001 Focal or multifoc cortic dysplasia engel 2001 focal or multifocal cortical dysplasia focal cortic dysplasia focal cortical dysplasia Focal_Cortical_Dysplasia ESSO:Focal_Heterotopia Focal_Heterotopia engel 2001 focal heterotopia focal heterotopia Focal_Heterotopia ESSO:Focus Focus focus Focus ESSO:Folic_Acid_Disorder Folic_Acid_Disorder Engel 2001 DIsorder of folic acid and B12 metabol engel 2001 disorders of folic acid and b12 metabolism folic acid disord folic acid disorder Folic_Acid_Disorder ESSO:Foot Foot foot Foot ESSO:Forearm Forearm forearm Forearm ESSO:Fragile_X_Syndrome Fragile_X_Syndrome Engel 2001 Fragil X syndrom engel 2001 fragile x syndrome fragil x syndrom fragile x syndrome Fragile_X_Syndrome ESSO:Frontal_Lobe Frontal_Lobe Tancr 2005 The frontal lobe control voluntari movement of the opposit side of the bodi (primari and premotor areas) and is import in the dtermin of mood, emot responses, motiv and anxieti level (prefront area). Structures: Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Gyrus Rectus Inferior Frontal Gyrus Inferior Frontal Sulcus Later Fissur Limbic Area Middl Frontal Gyrus Motor Speech (Broca's) Area Olfactori Sulcus Olfactori Tract Orbital Gyri Par Operculari (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Orbitali (Inf. Fr. G.) Par Triangulari (Inf. Fr. G.) Precentr Gyrus Precentr Sulcus Prefront Area Premotor Area Primari Motor Area Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Frontal Sulcus Triangular Sulcus Information: The frontal lobe occupi the anterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the frontal pole posterior to the central sulcus and is bound inferior by the later fissure. On the medial surfac it extend posterior to an imaginari line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. Sulci and Gyri: The superolater surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direct and the precentr gyrus which extend vertic downwards. The superior and inferior frontal gyri are separ by the superior frontal sulcus and the middl and inferior gyri are separ by the inferior frontal sulcus. The precentr sulcus separ the precentr gyrus from the frontal gyri. The inferior frontal gyrus is divid from anterior to posterior into the par orbitalis, par triangulari and par operculari by the triangular sulcus. The superior frontal gyrus extend onto the medial surfac as far as the cingul gyrus, the anterior part of which is also includ in the frontal lobe. The inferior surfac of the frontal lobe is form by the orbit gyri, which overli the boni roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). The orbit gyri and gyrus rectus are separ by the olfactori sulcus, which contain the olfactori tract. Function Areas: The frontal lobe includ a number of import function areas: (1) Primari motor area - locat on the precentr gyrus. (2) Premotor area - locat on the anterior part of the precentr gyrus and the adjac part of the superior and middl frontal gyri. (3) Prefront area - which includ the remaind of the superior and middl frontal gyri, the orbit part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbit gyri. (4) Motor Speech (Broca's) Area - locat on the triangular and opercular part of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) Limbic Area - locat on the cingul gyrus. frontal lobe tancred 2005 the frontal lobe controls voluntary movements of the opposite side of the body (primary and premotor areas) and is important in the dtermination of mood, emotional responses, motivational and anxiety levels (prefrontal area). structures: central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum gyrus rectus inferior frontal gyrus inferior frontal sulcus lateral fissure limbic area middle frontal gyrus motor speech (broca's) area olfactory sulcus olfactory tract orbital gyri pars opercularis (inf. fr. g.) pars orbitalis (inf. fr. g.) pars triangularis (inf. fr. g.) precentral gyrus precentral sulcus prefrontal area premotor area primary motor area superior frontal gyrus superior frontal sulcus triangular sulcus information: the frontal lobe occupies the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the frontal pole posteriorly to the central sulcus and is bounded inferiorly by the lateral fissure. on the medial surface it extends posteriorly to an imaginary line from the central sulcus to the corpus callosum. sulci and gyri: the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri which extend in an anteroposterior direction and the precentral gyrus which extends vertically downwards. the superior and inferior frontal gyri are separated by the superior frontal sulcus and the middle and inferior gyri are separated by the inferior frontal sulcus. the precentral sulcus separates the precentral gyrus from the frontal gyri. the inferior frontal gyrus is divided from anterior to posterior into the pars orbitalis, pars triangularis and pars opercularis by the triangular sulcus. the superior frontal gyrus extends onto the medial surface as far as the cingulate gyrus, the anterior part of which is also included in the frontal lobe. the inferior surface of the frontal lobe is formed by the orbital gyri, which overlie the bony roof of the orbit and gyrus rectus (most medially). the orbital gyri and gyrus rectus are separated by the olfactory sulcus, which contains the olfactory tract. functional areas: the frontal lobe includes a number of important functional areas: (1) primary motor area - located on the precentral gyrus. (2) premotor area - located on the anterior part of the precentral gyrus and the adjacent parts of the superior and middle frontal gyri. (3) prefrontal area - which includes the remainder of the superior and middle frontal gyri, the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the orbital gyri. (4) motor speech (broca's) area - located on the triangular and opercular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus. (5) limbic area - located on the cingulate gyrus. Frontal_Lobe ESSO:Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Frontal lobe epilepsies
 Frontal lobe epilepsi are character by simpl partial, complex partial, secondarili general seizur or combin of these. Seizur often occur sever time a day and frequent occur dure sleep. Frontal lobe partial seizur are sometim mistaken for psychogen seizures. Status epilepticus is a frequent complication. Gener characterist Featur strong suggest of the diagnosi include: 1. Gener short seizures. 2. Complex partial seizur aris from the frontal lobe, often with minim or no postict 
confusion. 3. Rapid secondari general (more common in seizur of frontal than of tempor lobe epilepsy). 4. Promin motor manifest which are tonic or postural. 5. Complex gestur automat frequent at onset. 6. Frequent fall when the discharg is bilateral. A number of seizur type are describ below; however, multipl frontal area may be involv rapid and specif seizur type may not be discernible. frontal lobe epilepsi frontal lobe epilepsy ilae 1989 frontal lobe epilepsies
 frontal lobe epilepsies are characterized by simple partial, complex partial, secondarily generalized seizures or combinations of these. seizures often occur several times a day and frequently occur during sleep. frontal lobe partial seizures are sometimes mistaken for psychogenic seizures. status epilepticus is a frequent complication. general characteristics features strongly suggestive of the diagnosis include: 1. generally short seizures. 2. complex partial seizures arising from the frontal lobe, often with minimal or no postictal 
confusion. 3. rapid secondary generalization (more common in seizures of frontal than of temporal lobe epilepsy). 4. prominent motor manifestations which are tonic or postural. 5. complex gestural automatisms frequent at onset. 6. frequent falling when the discharge is bilateral. a number of seizure types are described below; however, multiple frontal areas may be involved rapidly and specific seizure types may not be discernible. Frontal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Fructose_1-6_Diphosphatase_Deficiency Fructose_1-6_Diphosphatase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Fructos 1-6 diphsphatas defici engel 2001 fructose 1-6 diphsphatase deficiency fructos 1-6 diphosphatas defici fructose 1-6 diphosphatase deficiency Fructose_1-6_Diphosphatase_Deficiency ESSO:Fumarase_Deficiency Fumarase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Fumaras defici engel 2001 fumarase deficiency fumaras defici fumarase deficiency Fumarase_Deficiency ESSO:Gangliocytoma Gangliocytoma engel 2001 gangliocytoma gangliocytoma Gangliocytoma ESSO:Ganglioglioma Ganglioglioma engel 2001 ganglioglioma ganglioglioma Ganglioglioma ESSO:Gastaut_Syndrome Gastaut_Syndrome d0000563 gastaut syndrom gastaut syndrome Gastaut_Syndrome ESSO:Gelastic_Seizure Gelastic_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Gelast seizur laughter Luder 1998 Gelast Seizur Location: Left/right hemispher Seizur in which the main motor manifest is “laughing’’ are term gelast seizures. They may be preced or follow by ani other type of seizure. Onli seizur in which the main ictal semiolog is laugh should be classifi as gelast seizures. These seizur are classifi separ becaus they are common in patient with hypothalam hamartoma. Laugh Preceded/follow by ani other seizur type Complex, natur movement inappropri for the situat Common in pts w/ hypothalam hamartoma Blume 2001 Gelastic: Burst of laughter or giggling, usual without an appropri affect tone. Engel 2001 Gelast seizur bancaud 1981 gelastic seizure laughter luders 1998 gelastic seizure location: left/right hemisphere seizures in which the main motor manifestation is “laughing’’ are termed gelastic seizures. they may be preceded or followed by any other type of seizure. only seizures in which the main ictal semiology is laughing should be classified as gelastic seizures. these seizures are classified separately because they are common in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. laughing preceded/followed by any other seizure type complex, natural movement inappropriate for the situation common in pts w/ hypothalamic hamartoma blume 2001 gelastic: bursts of laughter or giggling, usually without an appropriate affective tone. engel 2001 gelastic seizure gelast seizur gelastic seizure Gelastic_Seizure ESSO:Gelastic_Status Gelastic_Status Luder 1998 Gelast seizures. Seizur in which the main motor manifest is “laughing’’ are term gelast seizures. They may be preced or follow by ani other type of seizure. Onli seizur in which the main ictal semiolog is laugh should be classifi as gelast seizures. These seizur are classifi separ becaus they are common in patient with hypothalam hamartoma. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. gelast status gelastic status luders 1998 gelastic seizures. seizures in which the main motor manifestation is “laughing’’ are termed gelastic seizures. they may be preceded or followed by any other type of seizure. only seizures in which the main ictal semiology is laughing should be classified as gelastic seizures. these seizures are classified separately because they are common in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Gelastic_Status ESSO:Gene Gene Luder 1998 gene luders 1998 Gene ESSO:Generalized_Seizure Generalized_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Gener Seizur (Convuls or Nonconvulsive) Gener seizur are those in which the first clinic chang indic initi involv of both hemispheres. Conscious may be impiar and this impair may be the initi manifestation. motor manifest are bilateral. The ictal electroencephalograph pattern initi are bilateral, and presum refelct neuron discharg which is widespread in both hemispheres. Gener Seizur bancaud 1981 generalized seizures (convulsive or nonconvulsive) generalized seizures are those in which the first clinical changes indicate initial involvement of both hemispheres. consciousness may be impiared and this impairment may be the initial manifestation. motor manifestations are bilateral. the ictal electroencephalographic patterns initially are bilateral, and presumably refelct neuronal discharge which is widespread in both hemispheres. generalized seizures general seizur generalized seizure Generalized_Seizure ESSO:Generalized_Status_Epilepticus Generalized_Status_Epilepticus Bancaud 1981 e.g. absenc status or tonic clonic status bancaud 1981 e.g. absence status or tonic clonic status general status epilepticus generalized status epilepticus Generalized_Status_Epilepticus ESSO:Glucose_Transport_Protein_Deficiency Glucose_Transport_Protein_Deficiency Engel 2001 Glucos transport protein defici engel 2001 glucose transport protein deficiency glucos transport protein defici glucose transport protein deficiency Glucose_Transport_Protein_Deficiency ESSO:Glycogen-Storage_Disorder Glycogen-Storage_Disorder Engel 2001 Glycogen-storag disord engel 2001 glycogen-storage disorders glycogen- storag disord glycogen- storage disorder Glycogen-Storage_Disorder ESSO:Gustatory_Aura Gustatory_Aura Bancaud 1981 Gustatori Aura Gustatori Hallucin Pleasant or odious tast hallucin Crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophist Frequent describ as \"metallic\" ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Gustatori Aura Percept of a tast as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as a gustatori aura. These aura also tend to be associ with complex perceptu alterations. The term gustatori aura should be appli onli when the gustatori hallucin is the predomin symptom. Blume 2001 2.2.1.5 Gustatory: Tast sensat includ acidic, bitter, salti sweet, or metallic. bancaud 1981 gustatory aura gustatory hallucination pleasant or odious taste hallucinations crude (salty, sour, sweet, bitter) to sophisticated frequently described as \"metallic\" ilae 1989 luders 1998 gustatory aura perception of a taste as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as a gustatory aura. these auras also tend to be associated with complex perceptual alterations. the term gustatory aura should be applied only when the gustatory hallucination is the predominant symptom. blume 2001 2.2.1.5 gustatory: taste sensations including acidic, bitter, salty sweet, or metallic. gustatori aura gustatory aura Gustatory_Aura ESSO:Gustatory_Aura_Status Gustatory_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Gustatori Aura Percept of a tast as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as a gustatori aura. These aura also tend to be associ with complex perceptu alterations. The term gustatori aura should be appli onli when the gustatori hallucin is the predomin symptom. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. gustatori aura status gustatory aura status luders 1998 gustatory aura perception of a taste as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as a gustatory aura. these auras also tend to be associated with complex perceptual alterations. the term gustatory aura should be applied only when the gustatory hallucination is the predominant symptom. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Gustatory_Aura_Status ESSO:Hamartoma Hamartoma hamartoma Hamartoma ESSO:Hand Hand hand Hand ESSO:Head Head bancaud 1981 head head Head ESSO:Headache Headache Bancaud 1981 Headach Blume 2001 Cephalic: Sensat in the head such as light-headedness, tingl or headache. bancaud 1981 headache blume 2001 cephalic: sensation in the head such as light-headedness, tingling or headache. headach headache Headache ESSO:Hemianopsia Hemianopsia hemianopsia Hemianopsia ESSO:Hemiclonic_Seizure Hemiclonic_Seizure Engel 2001 Hemiclon Seizur engel 2001 hemiclonic seizures hemiclon seizur hemiclonic seizure Hemiclonic_Seizure ESSO:Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia_Epilepsy_Syndrome Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia_Epilepsy_Syndrome Engel 2001 Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia Epilepsi (HHE) Syndrom engel 2001 hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia epilepsy (hhe) syndrome hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia epilepsi syndrom hemiconvulsion- hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome Hemiconvulsion-Hemiplegia_Epilepsy_Syndrome ESSO:Hemimegalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly Engel 2001 Hemimegalencephali engel 2001 hemimegalencephaly hemimegalencephali hemimegalencephaly Hemimegalencephaly ESSO:Hemiparesis Hemiparesis hemiparesi hemiparesis Hemiparesis ESSO:Hypermotor_Seizure Hypermotor_Seizure Luder 1998 Hypermotor Seizur Location: Left Hemisphere/Right Hemispher Hypermotor seizur are seizur in which the main manifest consist of complex movement involv the proxim segment of the limb and trunk. This result in larg movement that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. The “complex motor manifestations” imit normal movements, but the movement are inappropri for the situat and usual serv no purpose. Frequently, the movement are stereotyp repeat in more or less complex sequenc (e.g., pedaling). Conscious may be preserv dure these seizures. hypermotor seizur hypermotor seizure luders 1998 hypermotor seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere hypermotor seizures are seizures in which the main manifestations consist of complex movements involving the proximal segments of the limbs and trunk. this results in large movements that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. the “complex motor manifestations” imitate normal movements, but the movements are inappropriate for the situation and usually serve no purpose. frequently, the movements are stereotypically repeated in more or less complex sequences (e.g., pedaling). consciousness may be preserved during these seizures. Hypermotor_Seizure ESSO:Hypermotor_Status Hypermotor_Status Luder 1998 Hypermotor Seizur Hypermotor seizur are seizur in which the main manifest consist of complex movement involv the proxim segment of the limb and trunk. This result in larg movement that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. The “complex motor manifestations” imit normal movements, but the movement are inappropri for the situat and usual serv no purpose. Frequently, the movement are stereotyp repeat in more or less complex sequenc (e.g., pedaling). Conscious may be preserv dure these seizures. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. hypermotor status luders 1998 hypermotor seizures hypermotor seizures are seizures in which the main manifestations consist of complex movements involving the proximal segments of the limbs and trunk. this results in large movements that appear “violent” when they occur at high speeds. the “complex motor manifestations” imitate normal movements, but the movements are inappropriate for the situation and usually serve no purpose. frequently, the movements are stereotypically repeated in more or less complex sequences (e.g., pedaling). consciousness may be preserved during these seizures. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Hypermotor_Status ESSO:Hypertonia Hypertonia hypertonia Hypertonia ESSO:Hypomotor_Seizure Hypomotor_Seizure Hypomotor seizur have as their main manifest a decreas or total absenc of motor activ without the emerg of new motor manifestations. This classif is use exclus in patient in whom it is not possibl to test conscious dure or after the seizur (such as newborns, infants, and sever mental retard patients). In mani patients, conscious is probabl alter dure the seizur even if by definit conscious cannot be test directly. In a few patient with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesi of the seizur may be different; conscious may be preserved, and the absenc of movement may be an express of an akinet seizur or may be a reaction to an aura. hypomotor seizur hypomotor seizure hypomotor seizures have as their main manifestation a decrease or total absence of motor activity without the emergence of new motor manifestations. this classification is used exclusively in patients in whom it is not possible to test consciousness during or after the seizure (such as newborns, infants, and severely mentally retarded patients). in many patients, consciousness is probably altered during the seizures even if by definition consciousness cannot be tested directly. in a few patients with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesis of the seizures may be different; consciousness may be preserved, and the absence of movement may be an expression of an akinetic seizure or may be a reaction to an aura. Hypomotor_Seizure ESSO:Hypomotor_Status Hypomotor_Status Luder 1998 Hypomotor Seizur Location: Left hemisphere/right hemispher Hypomotor seizur have as their main manifest a decreas or total absenc of motor activ without the emerg of new motor manifestations. This classif is use exclus in patient in whom it is not possibl to test conscious dure or after the seizur (such as newborns, infants, and sever mental retard patients). In mani patients, conscious is probabl alter dure the seizur even if by definit conscious cannot be test directly. In a few patient with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesi of the seizur may be different; conscious may be preserved, and the absenc of movement may be an express of an akinet seizur or may be a reaction to an aura. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. hypomotor status luders 1998 hypomotor seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere hypomotor seizures have as their main manifestation a decrease or total absence of motor activity without the emergence of new motor manifestations. this classification is used exclusively in patients in whom it is not possible to test consciousness during or after the seizure (such as newborns, infants, and severely mentally retarded patients). in many patients, consciousness is probably altered during the seizures even if by definition consciousness cannot be tested directly. in a few patients with hypomotor seizures, the pathogenesis of the seizures may be different; consciousness may be preserved, and the absence of movement may be an expression of an akinetic seizure or may be a reaction to an aura. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. Hypomotor_Status ESSO:Hypothalamic_Hamartomas Hypothalamic_Hamartomas ILAE 1989 Hypothalam hamartoma may present with gelast seizures, precoci puberty, and retardation. Engel 2001 Hypothalam Hamartoma (With Gelast Seizures) hypothalam hamartoma hypothalamic hamartomas ilae 1989 hypothalamic hamartomas may present with gelastic seizures, precocious puberty, and retardation. engel 2001 hypothalamic hamartoma (with gelastic seizures) Hypothalamic_Hamartomas ESSO:Hypotonia Hypotonia hypotonia Hypotonia ESSO:Hypsarrhythmia Hypsarrhythmia hypsarrhythmia Hypsarrhythmia ESSO:Ictal Ictal ictal Ictal ESSO:Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsy_of_Infancy_and_Childhood Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsy_of_Infancy_and_Childhood idiopath focal epilepsi of infanc and childhood idiopathic focal epilepsy of infancy and childhood Idiopathic_Focal_Epilepsy_of_Infancy_and_Childhood ESSO:Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy idiopath general epilepsi idiopathic generalized epilepsy Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy ESSO:Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Phenotype Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Phenotype Engel 2001 Idiopath Gener Epilepsi with Variabl Phenotyp engel 2001 idiopathic generalized epilepsies with variable phenotypes idiopath general epilepsi with variabl phenotyp idiopathic generalized epilepsy with variable phenotype Idiopathic_Generalized_Epilepsy_With_Variable_Phenotype ESSO:Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Idiopath Photosensit Occipit Lobe Epilepsi engel 2001 idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy idiopath photosensit occipit lobe epilepsi idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy Idiopathic_Photosensitive_Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Immediate_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizure Immediate_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizure Engel 2001 Immediat and earli post cerebr insult seizur engel 2001 immediate and early post cerebral insult seizures immedi post cerebr insult seizur immediate post cerebral insult seizure Immediate_Post_Cerebral_Insult_Seizure ESSO:Immediate_Posttraumatic_Seizure Immediate_Posttraumatic_Seizure Engel 2001 Immediat and earli posttraumat seizur engel 2001 immediate and early posttraumatic seizures immedi posttraumat seizur immediate posttraumatic seizure Immediate_Posttraumatic_Seizure ESSO:Impaired_Cognition Impaired_Cognition Blume 2001 Impair Cognition: Decreas cognit perform involv one or more of perception, attention, emotion, memory, execution, praxis, speech (cf., Dyscognitive, 2.3). blume 2001 impaired cognition: decreased cognitive performance involving one or more of perception, attention, emotion, memory, execution, praxis, speech (cf., dyscognitive, 2.3). impair cognit impaired cognition Impaired_Cognition ESSO:Infant_1_Month_to_1_Year Infant_1_Month_to_1_Year blume 2001 berg 2010 infant 1 month to 1 year Infant_1_Month_to_1_Year ESSO:Infantile_Spasms Infantile_Spasms ILAE 1989 West Syndrom Usually, West syndrom consist of a characterist triad: infantil spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia, although one element may be missing. Spasm may be flexor, extensor, lightning, or nods, but most common they are mixed. Onset peak between the age of 4 and 7 month and alway occur befor the age of 1 year. Boy are more common affected. The prognosi is general poor. West syndrom may be separ into two groups. The symptomat group is character by previous exist of brain damag sign (psychomotor retardation, neurolog signs, radiolog signs, or other type of seizures) or by a known etiology. The smaller, cryptogen group is character by a lack of previous sign of brain damag and of known etiology. The prognosi appear to be part base on earli therapi with adrenocorticotrop hormon (ACTH) or oral steroids. West syndrom ilae 1989 west syndrome usually, west syndrome consists of a characteristic triad: infantile spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia, although one element may be missing. spasms may be flexor, extensor, lightning, or nods, but most commonly they are mixed. onset peaks between the ages of 4 and 7 months and always occurs before the age of 1 year. boys are more commonly affected. the prognosis is generally poor. west syndrome may be separated into two groups. the symptomatic group is characterized by previous existence of brain damage signs (psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, radiologic signs, or other types of seizures) or by a known etiology. the smaller, cryptogenic group is characterized by a lack of previous signs of brain damage and of known etiology. the prognosis appears to be partly based on early therapy with adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) or oral steroids. infantil spasm infantile spasms west syndrome Infantile_Spasms ESSO:Interictal Interictal 1981 Bancaud Interict 1981 bancaud interictal interict interictal Interictal ESSO:Intermittent_Slow_Activity Intermittent_Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Intermitt slow activity: A slow activ that occur intermitt and is not caus by drowsiness. Intermitt slow can be irregular or rhythmic (see continu slow activity). intermitt slow activ intermittent slow activity noachter 1999 intermittent slow activity: a slow activity that occurs intermittently and is not caused by drowsiness. intermittent slow can be irregular or rhythmical (see continuous slow activity). Intermittent_Slow_Activity ESSO:Isolated_Lissencephaly_Sequence Isolated_Lissencephaly_Sequence Engel 2001 Isolat lissencephali sequenc engel 2001 isolated lissencephaly sequence isol lissencephali sequenc isolated lissencephaly sequence Isolated_Lissencephaly_Sequence ESSO:Jamais_Vu Jamais_Vu Bancaud 1981 A distort memori experi such as distort memori experi (jamais-vu) Jamai Vu: as if a previous experienc sensat had not been experienced. bancaud 1981 a distorted memory experience such as distorted memory experience (jamais-vu) jamais vu: as if a previously experienced sensation had not been experienced. jamai vu jamais vu Jamais_Vu ESSO:Jansky_Bielschoski_Disease Jansky_Bielschoski_Disease ILAE 1989 Late infantil ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Janski Bielschowski disease) is character by onset between the age of 2 and 4 year of massiv myoclon jerks, atonic, or astat seizures. The EEG show slow background rhythms, multifoc spikes, and a characterist respons to intermitt photic stimul at a slow rate ilae 1989 late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (jansky bielschowski disease) is characterized by onset between the ages of 2 and 4 years of massive myoclonic jerks, atonic, or astatic seizures. the eeg shows slow background rhythms, multifocal spikes, and a characteristic response to intermittent photic stimulation at a slow rate janski bielschoski diseas jansky bielschoski disease Jansky_Bielschoski_Disease ESSO:Krabbe_Disease Krabbe_Disease Engel 2001 Krabb Diseas engel 2001 krabbe disease krabb diseas krabbe disease Krabbe_Disease ESSO:Lafora_Disease Lafora_Disease Engel 2001 Lafora Diseas engel 2001 lafora disease lafora diseas lafora disease Lafora_Disease ESSO:Lafora_disease Lafora_disease Onset of Lafora diseas occur between the age of 6 and 19 year (mean 11.5 years) and is character by general clonic, GTCS, with a frequent associ of partial seizur with visual symptomatology, constant myoclon jerk (fragmentary, segmental, and massiv myoclonus), and rapid progress mental deterioration. The EEG show discharg of fast spike-wav and poly- spike-waves, photosensitivity, deterior of background activity, and the appear of multi-foc abnormalities, particular posteriorly. On the average, death occur 5.5 year after onset. lafora diseas lafora disease onset of lafora disease occurs between the ages of 6 and 19 years (mean 11.5 years) and is characterized by generalized clonic, gtcs, with a frequent association of partial seizures with visual symptomatology, constant myoclonic jerks (fragmentary, segmental, and massive myoclonus), and rapidly progressive mental deterioration. the eeg shows discharges of fast spike-waves and poly- spike-waves, photosensitivity, deterioration of background activity, and the appearance of multi-focal abnormalities, particularly posteriorly. on the average, death occurs 5.5 years after onset. Lafora_disease ESSO:Lambda_Wave Lambda_Wave Noachter 1999 Lambda Wave: Diphas sharp transient occur over the occipit region of the head of wake subject dure visual exploration. The main compon is posit relat to other areas. Time-lock to saccad eye movement. Amplitud vari but is general below 50 uV. Greek letter: <lambda> lambda wave noachter 1999 lambda wave: diphasic sharp transient occurring over the occipital regions of the head of waking subjects during visual exploration. the main component is positive relative to other areas. time-locked to saccadic eye movement. amplitude varies but is generally below 50 uv. greek letter: <lambda> Lambda_Wave ESSO:Late-Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type Late-Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type Engel 2001 Late-Onset Childhood Occipit Epilepsi (Gastaut Type) engel 2001 late-onset childhood occipital epilepsy (gastaut type) late- onset childhood occipit epilepsy- gastaut type late- onset childhood occipital epilepsy- gastaut type Late-Onset_Childhood_Occipital_Epilepsy-Gastaut_Type ESSO:Late_Infantile_Ceroid-Lipofuscinoisis Late_Infantile_Ceroid-Lipofuscinoisis ILAE 1989 Late infantil ceroid-lipofuscinosi (Janski Bielschowski disease) is character by onset between the age of 2 and 4 year of massiv myoclon jerks, atonic, or astat seizures. The EEG show slow background rhythms, multifoc spikes, and a characterist respons to intermitt photic stimul at a slow rate ilae 1989 late infantile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (jansky bielschowski disease) is characterized by onset between the ages of 2 and 4 years of massive myoclonic jerks, atonic, or astatic seizures. the eeg shows slow background rhythms, multifocal spikes, and a characteristic response to intermittent photic stimulation at a slow rate late infantil ceroid- lipofuscinoisi late infantile ceroid- lipofuscinoisis Late_Infantile_Ceroid-Lipofuscinoisis ESSO:Learning_Disability Learning_Disability learn disabl learning disability Learning_Disability ESSO:Limbic_Encephalitis_with_Negative_Antibodies Limbic_Encephalitis_with_Negative_Antibodies limbic enceph with negat antibodi limbic encephalitis with negative antibodies suleiman 2013 Limbic_Encephalitis_with_Negative_Antibodies ESSO:Limbic_Epilepsy Limbic_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Limbic epilepsi engel 2001 limbic epilepsies limbic epilepsi limbic epilepsy Limbic_Epilepsy ESSO:Macropsia Macropsia Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. macropsia Macropsia ESSO:Malformations_of_Cortical_Development Malformations_of_Cortical_Development Structur brain lesions, such as malform of cortic development, may elev risk of seizur long term. Seizur may recur at variabl interv after remiss due to remov of an epileptogen lesion, such as a cavern malformation. malform of cortic develop malformations of cortical development structural brain lesions, such as malformations of cortical development, may elevate risk of seizures long term. seizures may recur at variable intervals after remission due to removal of an epileptogenic lesion, such as a cavernous malformation. Malformations_of_Cortical_Development ESSO:Maple_Syrup_Urine_Disease Maple_Syrup_Urine_Disease 2001 Engel Mapl syrup urin diseas 2001 engel maple syrup urine disease mapl syrup urin diseas maple syrup urine disease Maple_Syrup_Urine_Disease ESSO:Mental_Retardation Mental_Retardation This was in the core literatur review becaus it was in the ILAE. mental retard mental retardation this was in the core literature review because it was in the ilae. Mental_Retardation ESSO:Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiology Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiology Engel 2001 Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi defin by sepcif etiolog engel 2001 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy defined by sepcific etiologies mesial tempor lobe epilepsi defin by specif etiolog mesial temporal lobe epilepsy defined by specific etiology Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_Defined_By_Specific_Etiology ESSO:Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis Engel 2001 Mesial Tempor Lobe Epilepsi with Hippocamp Sclerosi engel 2001 mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis mesial tempor lobe epilepsi with hippocamp sclerosi mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis Mesial_Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy_With_Hippocampal_Sclerosis ESSO:Mesial_Temporal_Sclerosis Mesial_Temporal_Sclerosis mesial tempor sclerosi mesial temporal sclerosis Mesial_Temporal_Sclerosis ESSO:Microcephaly Microcephaly Engel 2001 Microcephali engel 2001 microcephaly microcephali microcephaly Microcephaly ESSO:Microdysgenesis Microdysgenesis Engel 2001 Microdysgenesi engel 2001 microdysgenesis microdysgenesi microdysgenesis Microdysgenesis ESSO:Micropsia Micropsia Bancaud 1981 Illusion: These take the form of distort percept in which object may appear deformed. Polyopt illus such as monocular diplopia, distort of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distanc may occur. Similarly, distort of sound, includ microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. Depersonalization, as if the person were outsid his body, may occur. Altere percept of size or weight of a limb may be noted. bancaud 1981 illusion: these take the form of distorted perceptions in which objects may appear deformed. polyoptic illusions such as monocular diplopia, distortions of size (macropsia or micropsia) or of distance may occur. similarly, distortions of sound, including microacusia and macroacusia, may be experienced. depersonalization, as if the person were outside his body, may occur. altered perception of size or weight of a limb may be noted. micropsia Micropsia ESSO:Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Early_Infancy Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Early_Infancy Engel 2001 Migrat Partial Seizur of Ear Infanci Syndrom in develop engel 2001 migrating partial seizures of early infancy syndromes in development migrat partial seizur of earli infanc migrating partial seizures of early infancy Migrating_Partial_Seizures_Of_Early_Infancy ESSO:Migrating_Partial_Seizures_of_Epilepsy Migrating_Partial_Seizures_of_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Migrat Partial Seizur of Infanci Syndrom in develop engel 2001 migrating partial seizures of infancy syndromes in development migrat partial seizur of epilepsi migrating partial seizures of epilepsy Migrating_Partial_Seizures_of_Epilepsy ESSO:Miller-Dieker_Syndrome Miller-Dieker_Syndrome Engel 2001 Miller-Diek syndrom engel 2001 miller-dieker syndrome miller- dieker syndrom miller- dieker syndrome Miller-Dieker_Syndrome ESSO:Mitochondrial_Disease Mitochondrial_Disease Engel 2001 Mitochondri diseas engel 2001 mitochondrial diseases mitochondri diseas mitochondrial disease Mitochondrial_Disease ESSO:Mitochondrial_Encephalomyopathy_Lactic_Acidosis_and_Stroke-Like_Symptoms_MELAS Mitochondrial_Encephalomyopathy_Lactic_Acidosis_and_Stroke-Like_Symptoms_MELAS engel 2001 melas mitochondri encephalomyopathi lactic acidosi and stroke- like symptom m e l a s mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke- like symptoms m e l a s Mitochondrial_Encephalomyopathy_Lactic_Acidosis_and_Stroke-Like_Symptoms_MELAS ESSO:Mitochondrial_Myopathy Mitochondrial_Myopathy ILAE 1989 A Ramsay-Hunt-lik syndrom can also be associ with a mitochondri myopathy, with abnorm of lactat and pyruv metabol (Fukuhara et al., 1980). ilae 1989 a ramsay-hunt-like syndrome can also be associated with a mitochondrial myopathy, with abnormalities of lactate and pyruvate metabolism (fukuhara et al., 1980). mitochondri myopathi mitochondrial myopathy Mitochondrial_Myopathy ESSO:Motor_Seizure Motor_Seizure Bancaud 1981 With Motor Sign Motor Attack Luder 1998 Motor Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Seizur in which the main manifest are motor phenomena are classifi as motor seizures. Seizur in which the main symptomatolog are motor sign are identifi as motor seizures. Motor seizur are character main by motor symptom and are subclassifi as simpl or complex. Simpl motor seizur are character by simple, unnatur movement that can be elicit by electr stimul of the primari and supplementari motor area (myoclonic, tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic, versive). Complex motor seizur are character by complex motor movement that resembl natur movement but that occur in an inappropri set (‘‘automatisms’’). Motor Sphere Seizur where the main manifest are motor phenomena Blume 2001 7.0 Convulsion: Primarili a lay term. Episod of excessive, abnorm muscl contractions, usual bilateral, which may be sustain or interrupt 1.0 Motor: involv musculatur in ani form. The motor event could consist of an increas (+) or decreas (-) in muscl contract to produc a movement. Unless noted, the follow term are adject modifi \"motor seizure\" or \"seizure\" (e.g., \"tonic motor seizur or dystonci seizure\"), and whose definit can usual be understood as prefac by \"refer to…\" Blume 2003 Vocal Locat Gener Bite SIGN 2006 Convulsion: seizur character by a mark motor activ e.g. jerk and/or stiffness, may be epilept or non-epilept bancaud 1981 with motor signs motor attack luders 1998 motor seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric seizures in which the main manifestations are motor phenomena are classified as motor seizures. seizures in which the main symptomatology are motor signs are identified as motor seizures. motor seizures are characterized mainly by motor symptoms and are subclassified as simple or complex. simple motor seizures are characterized by simple, unnatural movements that can be elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary and supplementary motor area (myoclonic, tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic, versive). complex motor seizures are characterized by complex motor movements that resemble natural movements but that occur in an inappropriate setting (‘‘automatisms’’). motor sphere seizures where the main manifestations are motor phenomena blume 2001 7.0 convulsion: primarily a lay term. episodes of excessive, abnormal muscle contractions, usually bilateral, which may be sustained or interrupted 1.0 motor: involves musculature in any form. the motor event could consist of an increase (+) or decrease (-) in muscle contraction to produce a movement. unless noted, the following terms are adjectives modifying \"motor seizure\" or \"seizure\" (e.g., \"tonic motor seizure or dystonci seizure\"), and whose definitions can usually be understood as prefaced by \"refers to…\" blume 2003 vocalization location generalized biting sign 2006 convulsion: seizure characterized by a marked motor activity e.g. jerking and/or stiffness, may be epileptic or non-epileptic motor seizur motor seizure Motor_Seizure ESSO:Motor_Status Motor_Status Luder 1998 Motor Seizur Seizur in which the main manifest are motor phenomena are classifi as motor seizures. Seizur in which the main symptomatolog are motor sign are identifi as motor seizures. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 motor seizures seizures in which the main manifestations are motor phenomena are classified as motor seizures. seizures in which the main symptomatology are motor signs are identified as motor seizures. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. motor status Motor_Status ESSO:Mouth Mouth bancaud 1981 corner of mouth mouth Mouth ESSO:Mu_Rhythm Mu_Rhythm Noachter 1999 Mu Rhythm: Rhythm at 7-11 Hz, compos of arch-shap wave occur over the central or centropariet region of the scalp dure wakefulness. Amplitud vari but is most below 50 uV. Block or attenu most clear by contralater movement, thought of movement, readi to move or tactil stimulation. Greek letter: u. Synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythm (use discouraged). mu rhythm noachter 1999 mu rhythm: rhythm at 7-11 hz, composed of arch-shaped waves occurring over the central or centroparietal regions of the scalp during wakefulness. amplitude varies but is mostly below 50 uv. blocked or attenuated most clearly by contralateral movement, thought of movement, readiness to move or tactile stimulation. greek letter: u. synonyms: arceau, wicket, comb rhythms (use discouraged). Mu_Rhythm ESSO:Multifocal_Cortical_Dysplasia Multifocal_Cortical_Dysplasia Engel 2001 Focal or multifoc cortic dysplasia engel 2001 focal or multifocal cortical dysplasia multifoc cortic dysplasia multifocal cortical dysplasia Multifocal_Cortical_Dysplasia ESSO:Multiregional Multiregional Noachter 1999 Multiregional: Three and more region foci (see regional). multiregion multiregional noachter 1999 multiregional: three and more regional foci (see regional). Multiregional ESSO:Myasthenia_Gravis Myasthenia_Gravis myasthenia gravi myasthenia gravis suleiman 2013 Myasthenia_Gravis ESSO:Mydriasis Mydriasis mydriasi mydriasis Mydriasis ESSO:Myoclonic_Absence_Seizure Myoclonic_Absence_Seizure Engel 2001 Myoclon Absenc Seizur engel 2001 myoclonic absence seizures myoclon absenc seizur myoclonic absence seizure Myoclonic_Absence_Seizure ESSO:Myoclonic_Astatic_Epilepsy Myoclonic_Astatic_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Epilepsi with myoclon astat seizur engel 2001 epilepsy with myoclonic astatic seizures myoclon astat epilepsi myoclonic astatic epilepsy Myoclonic_Astatic_Epilepsy ESSO:Myoclonic_Seizure Myoclonic_Seizure myoclon seizur myoclonic seizure Myoclonic_Seizure ESSO:Myoclonic_Status Myoclonic_Status Luder 1998 Myoclon Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Myoclon seizur consist of short muscl contract last <400 ms. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Myoclon Status Epilepticus luders 1998 myoclonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric myoclonic seizures consist of short muscle contractions lasting <400 ms. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 myoclonic status epilepticus myoclon status myoclonic status Myoclonic_Status ESSO:Myoclonic_Status_In_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Myoclonic_Status_In_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies Engel 2001 Myoclon Status in Nonprogress Encephalopathi Syndrom in develop engel 2001 myoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies syndromes in development myoclon status in nonprogress encephalopathi myoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopathies Myoclonic_Status_In_Nonprogressive_Encephalopathies ESSO:Myoclonus_Epilepsy_With_Ragged_Red_Fibers_MERRF Myoclonus_Epilepsy_With_Ragged_Red_Fibers_MERRF engel 2001 merrf myoclonus epilepsi with rag red fiber m e r r f myoclonus epilepsy with ragged red fibers m e r r f Myoclonus_Epilepsy_With_Ragged_Red_Fibers_MERRF ESSO:Nausea Nausea Blume 2001 Epigastric: Abdomin discomfort includ nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensat may rise to chest or throat. Some phenomena may reflect ictal autonom dysfunction.
 blume 2001 epigastric: abdominal discomfort including nausea, emptiness, tightness, churning, butterflies, malaise, pain, and hunger; sensation may rise to chest or throat. some phenomena may reflect ictal autonomic dysfunction.
 nausea Nausea ESSO:Neck Neck bancaud 1981 neck neck Neck ESSO:Negative_Myoclonic_Seizure Negative_Myoclonic_Seizure Negat myoclon seizur are seizur that consist of a brief interrupt of tonic muscl activ due to an epileptiform discharge. The brief interrupt of muscl activ may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclon jerk. However, the pathogenesi of the movement is a brief loss of muscl tone and not a burst of muscl potenti characterist of myoclon seizures. Evidenc suggest that these seizur are generat by epileptiform discharg in the primari sensorimotor cortex. negat myoclon seizur negative myoclonic seizure negative myoclonic seizures are seizures that consist of a brief interruption of tonic muscle activity due to an epileptiform discharge. the brief interruption of muscle activity may result in a short, sudden movement similar to a myoclonic jerk. however, the pathogenesis of the movement is a brief loss of muscle tone and not a burst of muscle potentials characteristic of myoclonic seizures. evidence suggests that these seizures are generated by epileptiform discharges in the primary sensorimotor cortex. Negative_Myoclonic_Seizure ESSO:Neonate_Less_Than_or_Equal_to_1_Month_or_44_weeks_gestation Neonate_Less_Than_or_Equal_to_1_Month_or_44_weeks_gestation <= 1Month or 44 week gestat <= 1month or 44 weeks gestation neonat less than or equal to 1 month or 44 week gestat neonate less than or equal to 1 month or 44 weeks gestation Neonate_Less_Than_or_Equal_to_1_Month_or_44_weeks_gestation ESSO:Neuroaxonal_Dystrophy Neuroaxonal_Dystrophy Engel 2001 Neuroaxon Dystrophi engel 2001 neuroaxonal dystrophy neuroaxon dystrophi neuroaxonal dystrophy Neuroaxonal_Dystrophy ESSO:Neurofibromatosis Neurofibromatosis Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosi engel 2001 neurofibromatosis neurofibromatosi neurofibromatosis Neurofibromatosis ESSO:Neurofibromatosis_1 Neurofibromatosis_1 Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosi engel 2001 neurofibromatosis neurofibromatosi 1 neurofibromatosis 1 Neurofibromatosis_1 ESSO:Neurofibromatosis_2 Neurofibromatosis_2 Engel 2001 Neurofibromatosi engel 2001 neurofibromatosis neurofibromatosi 2 neurofibromatosis 2 Neurofibromatosis_2 ESSO:Nonketotic_Hyperglycinemia Nonketotic_Hyperglycinemia Engel 2001 Nonketot hyperglycinemia engel 2001 nonketotic hyperglycinemia nonketot hyperglycinemia nonketotic hyperglycinemia Nonketotic_Hyperglycinemia ESSO:Numbness Numbness Bancaud 1981 Feel of numb Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. bancaud 1981 feeling of numbness blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. numb numbness Numbness ESSO:Occipital_Lobe Occipital_Lobe Tancr 2005 The occipit lobe is involv primarili in the process and interpretaion of visual information. Structures: Calcarin Sulcus Cuneus Lingual Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Visual Area Information: The occipit lobe occupi the posterior part of the cerebr hemisphere. Boundaries: On the later surfac it is locat posterior to an imaginari line extend from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the pre-occipit notch. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior to the parieto-occipit fissur and by an imaginari line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the pre-occipit notch. Sulci and Gyri: The medial surfac of the occipit lobe is divid into two part by the calcarin sulcus, a deep groov which extend posterior from the parieto-occipit fissur to the posterior pole. The cuneus is the wedge-shap area which lie between the parieto-occipit fissur and the calcarin sulcus. The inferior bank of the calcarin sulcus is form by the lingual gyrus, a posterior extens of the parahippocamp gyrus of the tempor lobe. The later surfac of the occipit lobe is form by some inconstantly-shap gyri, which are collect refer to as the later occipit gyri. Function Areas: The occipit lobe contain the primari visual area of the cortex, which is locat around the calcarin sulcus. Onli a thin strip of the primari visual cortex is visibl on the medial surfac of the brain (on either side of the calacarin sulcus) becaus most of it is buri within the depth of the sulcus. occipit lobe occipital lobe tancred 2005 the occipital lobe is involved primarily in the processing and interpretaion of visual information. structures: calcarine sulcus cuneus lingual gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary visual area information: the occipital lobe occupies the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere. boundaries: on the lateral surface it is located posterior to an imaginary line extending from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the pre-occipital notch. on the medial surface it is bounded posterior to the parieto-occipital fissure and by an imaginary line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the pre-occipital notch. sulci and gyri: the medial surface of the occipital lobe is divided into two parts by the calcarine sulcus, a deep groove which extends posteriorly from the parieto-occipital fissure to the posterior pole. the cuneus is the wedge-shaped area which lies between the parieto-occipital fissure and the calcarine sulcus. the inferior bank of the calcarine sulcus is formed by the lingual gyrus, a posterior extension of the parahippocampal gyrus of the temporal lobe. the lateral surface of the occipital lobe is formed by some inconstantly-shaped gyri, which are collectively referred to as the lateral occipital gyri. functional areas: the occipital lobe contains the primary visual area of the cortex, which is located around the calcarine sulcus. only a thin strip of the primary visual cortex is visible on the medial surface of the brain (on either side of the calacarine sulcus) because most of it is buried within the depths of the sulcus. Occipital_Lobe ESSO:Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Occipit Lobe Epilepsi ilae 1989 occipital lobe epilepsy occipit lobe epilepsi occipital lobe epilepsy Occipital_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Ohtahara_Syndrome Ohtahara_Syndrome Engel 2001 Ohtahara Syndrom ILAE 2010 Ohtahara Ohtahara syndrom (also known as earli infantil epilept encephalopathy, EIEE) is a syndrom character by frequent intract seizur and sever earli encephalopathi result in limit develop and reduc life expectancy. Tonic seizur predominate, myoclon seizur are uncommon, distinguish this syndrom from earli myoclon encephalopathy. Treatabl metabol etiolog (especi pyridoxin and pyridoxal-5-phosph disorders) should be exclud early. NOTE Ohtahara syndrom is consid an epilept encephalopathy'. This term denot the concept that the epilept activ itself might direct contribut addit cognit and behavior impair over those expect from the under etiolog alone, and that suppress of epilept activ might minim this addit impairment. engel 2001 ohtahara syndrome ilae 2010 ohtahara ohtahara syndrom ohtahara syndrome ohtahara syndrome (also known as early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, eiee) is a syndrome characterized by frequent intractable seizures and severe early encephalopathy resulting in limited development and reduced life expectancy. tonic seizures predominate, myoclonic seizures are uncommon, distinguishing this syndrome from early myoclonic encephalopathy. treatable metabolic etiologies (especially pyridoxine and pyridoxal-5-phosphate disorders) should be excluded early. note ohtahara syndrome is considered an 'epileptic encephalopathy'. this term denotes the concept that the epileptic activity itself might directly contribute additional cognitive and behavioral impairments over those expected from the underlying etiology alone, and that suppression of epileptic activity might minimize this additional impairment. Ohtahara_Syndrome ESSO:Olfactory_Aura Olfactory_Aura Bancaud 1981 unpleas odor ILAE 1989 Luder 1998 Olfactori Aura Percept of a smell as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as an olfactori aura. At times, like auditori and visual hallucin and illusions, they are associ with other complex alter of perception. These complex alter of percept should be classifi as psychic aura unless the olfactori aura is clear the predomin feature. Blume 2001 2.2.1.4 Olfactory: Odor, usual disagre Blume 2003 Aura includ epigastr sensation, fear and various type of visual, olfactory, or auditori experienti phenomena bancaud 1981 unpleasant odors ilae 1989 luders 1998 olfactory aura perception of a smell as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as an olfactory aura. at times, like auditory and visual hallucinations and illusions, they are associated with other complex alterations of perception. these complex alterations of perception should be classified as psychic auras unless the olfactory aura is clearly the predominant feature. blume 2001 2.2.1.4 olfactory: odor, usually disagreeable blume 2003 aurae include epigastric sensation, fear and various types of visual, olfactory, or auditory experiential phenomena olfactori aura olfactory aura Olfactory_Aura ESSO:Olfactory_Aura_Status Olfactory_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Olfactori Aura Percept of a smell as an epilept phenomenon is classifi as an olfactori aura. At times, like auditori and visual hallucin and illusions, they are associ with other complex alter of perception. These complex alter of percept should be classifi as psychic aura unless the olfactori aura is clear the predomin feature. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 olfactory aura perception of a smell as an epileptic phenomenon is classified as an olfactory aura. at times, like auditory and visual hallucinations and illusions, they are associated with other complex alterations of perception. these complex alterations of perception should be classified as psychic auras unless the olfactory aura is clearly the predominant feature. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. olfactori aura status olfactory aura status Olfactory_Aura_Status ESSO:Olfactory_Hallucination Olfactory_Hallucination olfactori hallucin olfactory hallucination Olfactory_Hallucination ESSO:Other_Organic_Aciduria Other_Organic_Aciduria Engel 2001 Other organ aciduria engel 2001 other organic acidurias other organ aciduria other organic aciduria Other_Organic_Aciduria ESSO:Pain Pain Blume 2001 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. blume 2001 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. pain Pain ESSO:Paracentral_Lobule Paracentral_Lobule Trancr 2005 The Paracentr Lobul includ the primari motor and somatosensori area for the leg and foot and is import in the control of voluntari movement and the localis and percept of somatosensori stimuli in the leg and foot. Structures: Anterior Cerebr a. Central Sulcus Cerebrum Middl Cerebr a. Postcentr Gyrus Precentr Gyrus Primari Motor Area Primari Somatosensori Area Information: The Paracentr Lobul is a region of cortex on the medial surfac of the cerebrum which surround the medial end of the central sulcus. It is form by the medial end of the precentr and postcentr gyri and repres the primari motor and somatosensori area for the leg and foot. The paracentr lobul is of some clinic import becaus it is suppli by branch of the anterior cerebr arteri wherea the remaind of the pre- and postcentr gyri are suppli by branch of the middl cerebr artery. Thus, lesion of the anterior cerebr arteri result in loss of sensat and paralysi of muscl in the contralater leg and foot, wherea lesion of the middl cerebr arteri do not affect the leg and foot. paracentr lobul paracentral lobule trancred 2005 the paracentral lobule includes the primary motor and somatosensory areas for the leg and foot and is important in the control of voluntary movements and the localisation and perception of somatosensory stimuli in the leg and foot. structures: anterior cerebral a. central sulcus cerebrum middle cerebral a. postcentral gyrus precentral gyrus primary motor area primary somatosensory area information: the paracentral lobule is a region of cortex on the medial surface of the cerebrum which surrounds the medial end of the central sulcus. it is formed by the medial ends of the precentral and postcentral gyri and represents the primary motor and somatosensory areas for the leg and foot. the paracentral lobule is of some clinical importance because it is supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral artery whereas the remainder of the pre- and postcentral gyri are supplied by branches of the middle cerebral artery. thus, lesions of the anterior cerebral artery result in loss of sensation and paralysis of muscles in the contralateral leg and foot, whereas lesions of the middle cerebral artery do not affect the leg and foot. Paracentral_Lobule ESSO:Parasomnia Parasomnia parasomnia Parasomnia ESSO:Paresthesia Paresthesia paresthesia Paresthesia ESSO:Parietal_Lobe Parietal_Lobe Tancr 2005 The pariet lobe is involv in the recognit of somatosensori stimuli and in the integr of visual, somatosensori and auditori information. Structures: Angular Gyrus Calcarin Sulcus Central Sulcus Cerebr Hemispher Cingul Gyrus Corpus Callosum Frontal Lobe Inferior Pariet Lobul Intrapariet Sulcus Later Fissur Occipit Lobe Parieto-occipit Sulcus Postcentr Gyrus Postcentr Sulcus Precuneus Primari Somatosensori Area Recept Speech Area Superior Tempor Sulcus Supramargin Gyrus Information: The Pariet Lobe is locat on the medial and later surfac of the cerebr hemispher between the frontal and occipit lobes. Boundaries: On the later surfac it extend from the central sulcus anterior to an imaginari line drawn downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. Inferior it is bound by the later fissur and a horizont line drawn from the later fissur to the imaginari line previous described. On the medial surfac it is bound by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipit fissur posterior and the corpus callosum and calcarin sulcus inferiorly. Gyri and Sulci: On the later surfac the pariet lobe is form by the postcentr gyrus and the superior and inferior pariet lobules. The postcentr gyrus is separ from the two pariet lobul by the postcentr sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. The superior and inferior pariet lobul are separ from each other by the intrapariet sulcus. The inferior pariet lobul includ the supramargin and angular gyri. The supramargin gyrus hook around the posterior surfac of the later fissur and the angular gyrus hook around the posterior end of the superior tempor sulcus. The medial surfac of the pariet lobe includ an extens of the postcentr gyrus, the posterior part of the cingul gyrus and the precuneus. Function Areas: (1) Primari Somatosensori Area - locat on the postcentr gyrus. (2) In the domin hemispher (usual the left) the lower part of the inferior pariet lobul is concern with the percept and interpret of languag and form part of the recept speech (Wernicke's) area. pariet lobe parietal lobe tancred 2005 the parietal lobe is involved in the recognition of somatosensory stimuli and in the integration of visual, somatosensory and auditory information. structures: angular gyrus calcarine sulcus central sulcus cerebral hemisphere cingulate gyrus corpus callosum frontal lobe inferior parietal lobule intraparietal sulcus lateral fissure occipital lobe parieto-occipital sulcus postcentral gyrus postcentral sulcus precuneus primary somatosensory area receptive speech area superior temporal sulcus supramarginal gyrus information: the parietal lobe is located on the medial and lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere between the frontal and occipital lobes. boundaries: on the lateral surface it extends from the central sulcus anteriorly to an imaginary line drawn downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. inferiorly it is bounded by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line drawn from the lateral fissure to the imaginary line previously described. on the medial surface it is bounded by the frontal lobe anteriorly, the parieto-occipital fissure posteriorly and the corpus callosum and calcarine sulcus inferiorly. gyri and sulci: on the lateral surface the parietal lobe is formed by the postcentral gyrus and the superior and inferior parietal lobules. the postcentral gyrus is separated from the two parietal lobules by the postcentral sulcus, which is parallel to the central sulcus. the superior and inferior parietal lobules are separated from each other by the intraparietal sulcus. the inferior parietal lobule includes the supramarginal and angular gyri. the supramarginal gyrus hooks around the posterior surface of the lateral fissure and the angular gyrus hooks around the posterior end of the superior temporal sulcus. the medial surface of the parietal lobe includes an extension of the postcentral gyrus, the posterior part of the cingulate gyrus and the precuneus. functional areas: (1) primary somatosensory area - located on the postcentral gyrus. (2) in the dominant hemisphere (usually the left) the lower part of the inferior parietal lobule is concerned with the perception and interpretation of language and forms part of the receptive speech (wernicke's) area. Parietal_Lobe ESSO:Parietal_Lobe_Epilepsy Parietal_Lobe_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Pariet lobe epilepsies
 Partial lobe epilepsi syndrom are usual character by simpl partial and secondarili general seizures. Most seizur aris in the pariet lobe remain as simpl partial seizures, but complex partial seizur may aris out of simpl partial seizur and occur with spread beyond the pariet lobe. Seizur aris from the pariet lobe have the follow features: Seizur are predomin sensori with mani characteristics. Posit phenomena consist of tingl and a feel of electricity, which may be confin or may spread in a Jacksonian manner. There may be a desir to move a bodi part or a sensat as if a part were be moved. Muscl tone may be lost. The part most frequent involv are those with the largest cortic represent (e.g., the hand, arm, and face). There may be tongu sensat of crawling, stiffness, or coldness, and facial sensori phenomena may occur bilaterally. Occasionally, an intraabdomin sensat of sinking, choking, or nausea may occur, particular in case of inferior and later pariet lobe involvement. Rarely, there may be pain, which may take the form of a superfici burn dysesthesia, or a vague, veri severe, pain sensation. Pariet lobe visual phenomena may occur as hallucin of a form variety. Metamorphopsia with distortions, foreshortenings, and elong may occur, and are more frequent observ in case of nondomin hemispher discharges. Negat phenomena includ numbness, a feel that a bodi part is absent, and a loss of awar of a part or a half of the body, known as asomatognosia. This is particular the case with nondomin hemispher involvement. Sever vertigo or disorient in space may be indic of inferior pariet lobe seizures. Seizur in the domin pariet lobe result in a varieti of recept or conduct languag disturbances. Some well-later genit sensat may occur with paracentr involvement. Some rotatori or postur motor phenomena may occur. Seizur of the paracentr lobul have a tendenc to becom secondarili generalized. ilae 1989 parietal lobe epilepsies
 partial lobe epilepsy syndromes are usually characterized by simple partial and secondarily generalized seizures. most seizures arising in the parietal lobe remain as simple partial seizures, but complex partial seizures may arise out of simple partial seizures and occur with spread beyond the parietal lobe. seizures arising from the parietal lobe have the following features: seizures are predominantly sensory with many characteristics. positive phenomena consist of tingling and a feeling of electricity, which may be confined or may spread in a jacksonian manner. there may be a desire to move a body part or a sensation as if a part were being moved. muscle tone may be lost. the parts most frequently involved are those with the largest cortical representation (e.g., the hand, arm, and face). there may be tongue sensations of crawling, stiffness, or coldness, and facial sensory phenomena may occur bilaterally. occasionally, an intraabdominal sensation of sinking, choking, or nausea may occur, particularly in cases of inferior and lateral parietal lobe involvement. rarely, there may be pain, which may take the form of a superficial burning dysesthesia, or a vague, very severe, painful sensation. parietal lobe visual phenomena may occur as hallucinations of a formed variety. metamorphopsia with distortions, foreshortenings, and elongations may occur, and are more frequently observed in cases of nondominant hemisphere discharges. negative phenomena include numbness, a feeling that a body part is absent, and a loss of awareness of a part or a half of the body, known as asomatognosia. this is particularly the case with nondominant hemisphere involvement. severe vertigo or disorientation in space may be indicative of inferior parietal lobe seizures. seizures in the dominant parietal lobe result in a variety of receptive or conductive languages disturbances. some well-lateralized genital sensations may occur with paracentral involvement. some rotatory or postural motor phenomena may occur. seizures of the paracentral lobule have a tendency to become secondarily generalized. pariet lobe epilepsi parietal lobe epilepsy Parietal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Paroxysm Paroxysm Noachter 1999 Paroxysm: Phenomenon with abrupt onset, rapid attain of a maximum, and sudden termination; distinguish from background activity. Comment: common use to refer to epileptiform pattern and seizur pattern (see epileptiform pattern, seizur pattern). noachter 1999 paroxysm: phenomenon with abrupt onset, rapid attainment of a maximum, and sudden termination; distinguished from background activity. comment: commonly used to refer to epileptiform patterns and seizure patterns (see epileptiform pattern, seizure pattern). paroxysm Paroxysm ESSO:Paroxysmal_Event Paroxysmal_Event Anyth that start and stop e.g. coughing, a paroxysm of cough anything that starts and stops e.g. coughing, a paroxysm of coughing paroxysm event paroxysmal event Paroxysmal_Event ESSO:Periventricular_Nodular_Heterotopia Periventricular_Nodular_Heterotopia engel 2001 periventricular nodular heterotopia periventricular nodular heterotopia Periventricular_Nodular_Heterotopia ESSO:Peroxisomal_Disorder Peroxisomal_Disorder Engel 2001 Peroxisom disord engel 2001 peroxisomal disorders peroxisom disord peroxisomal disorder Peroxisomal_Disorder ESSO:Phenobarbital Phenobarbital phenobarbit phenobarbital Phenobarbital ESSO:Phenylketonuria Phenylketonuria 2001 engel phenylketonuria phenylketonuria Phenylketonuria ESSO:Photoparoxysmal_Response Photoparoxysmal_Response Noachter 1999 Photoparoxysm Response: Abnormal respons to intermitt photic stimul character by spike-and-slow-wav and polyspike-and-slow-wav complexes. Respons are grade from occipit spike time-lock to the flash to general epileptiform discharg which may outlast the stimulus by a few seconds. Comment: onli the general spike-and-wav respons show a strong associ with epilepsy, particular if it is self-sustain and continu after the stimulus. Prefer to synonym: photoconvuls response. noachter 1999 photoparoxysmal response: abnormal response to intermittent photic stimulation characterized by spike-and-slow-wave and polyspike-and-slow-wave complexes. responses are graded from occipital spikes time-locked to the flashes to generalized epileptiform discharges which may outlast the stimulus by a few seconds. comment: only the generalized spike-and-wave response shows a strong association with epilepsy, particularly if it is self-sustaining and continues after the stimulus. preferred to synonym: photoconvulsive response. photoparoxysm respons photoparoxysmal response Photoparoxysmal_Response ESSO:Postictal Postictal Bancaud 1981 Post-Ictal Blume 2001 Postict Phenomenon: A transient clinic abnorm of central nervous system function that appear or becom accentu when clinic sign of the ictus have ended. bancaud 1981 post-ictal blume 2001 postictal phenomenon: a transient clinical abnormality of central nervous system function that appears or becomes accentuated when clinical signs of the ictus have ended. postict postictal Postictal ESSO:Posttraumatic_Seizure Posttraumatic_Seizure Engel 2001 Immediat and earli posttraumat seizur engel 2001 immediate and early posttraumatic seizures posttraumat seizur posttraumatic seizure Posttraumatic_Seizure ESSO:Precocious_Puberty Precocious_Puberty precoci puberti precocious puberty Precocious_Puberty ESSO:Primary_Reading_Epilepsy Primary_Reading_Epilepsy ILAE 1989 Primari read epilepsi All or almost all seizur in this syndrom are precipit by read (especi aloud) and are independ of the content of the text. They are simpl partial motor-involv masticatori muscles, or visual, and if the stimulus is not interrupted, GTCs may occur. The syndrom may be inherited. Onset is typic in late puberti and the cours is benign with littl tendenc to spontan seizures. Physic examin and imag studi are normal but EEG show spike or spike-wav in the domin parieto-tempor region. Gener spike and wave may also occur. Engel 2001 Primari Read Epilepsi ilae 1989 primary reading epilepsy all or almost all seizures in this syndrome are precipitated by reading (especially aloud) and are independent of the content of the text. they are simple partial motor-involving masticatory muscles, or visual, and if the stimulus is not interrupted, gtcs may occur. the syndrome may be inherited. onset is typically in late puberty and the course is benign with little tendency to spontaneous seizures. physical examination and imaging studies are normal but eeg shows spikes or spike-waves in the dominant parieto-temporal region. generalized spike and wave may also occur. engel 2001 primary reading epilepsy primari read epilepsi primary reading epilepsy Primary_Reading_Epilepsy ESSO:Prognosis Prognosis Bancaud 1981 Prognosi ILAE 1989 Prognosi Excellent or good: Therapi Respons (Control by treatment) Poor: resist to therapy, seizur intract Sever Cours Variabl Recurr Mental Deterior (massiv progressive, fast, slow) Neuropsycholog Disord Spontan remiss Recoveri Surviv (years) Death Engel 2001 Bengin epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom character by epilept seizur that are easili treated, requir no treatment, remit without sequela Prognost Blume 2003 \"Grow out of it\" Fetal distress or death Innocuous to fetus Dure pregnanc (increase, decrease, unchanged) Poor preconcept seizur control predict incomplet control in pregnanc Uncontrol (seniors): fall may fractur hip, creat subdur hematomas, crush vertebra, back pain SIGN 2006 Prognosi SUDEP: sudden unexpect death in epilepsi due to under neurolog impair and less so under epilepsy, seizure-rel accidents, status epilept Famili should be advis if the child has an increas risk of SUDEP. They can be reassur if the risk is consid to be low Engel 2006 The intent is that the seizure-typ diagnosi will have implic with respect to etiology, approach to diagnost evaluation, treatment and prognosis. progress natur Berg 2010: Epilept encephalopathy: the epilept activ itself may contribut to sever cognit and behavior impair abov and beyond what might be expect from the under patholog alon and that these can worsen over time. They tend to be Pharmacoresistant. \"Pharmacoresponsive\"=diagnosi of one of the syndrom allows, within a reason certainty, the predict that the seizur will rapid come under control with appropri medic \"caus is no longer equat with prognosis\" poor prognosi Diagnosi often has implic for treatment, management, prognosi \"self limited\" bancaud 1981 prognosis ilae 1989 prognosis excellent or good: therapy response (controlled by treatment) poor: resistance to therapy, seizure intractability severe course variable recurrence mental deterioration (massively progressive, fast, slow) neuropsychologic disorders spontaneous remission recovery survival (years) death engel 2001 bengin epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome characterized by epileptic seizures that are easily treated, require no treatment, remit without sequelae prognostic blume 2003 \"growing out of it\" fetal distress or death innocuous to fetus during pregnancy (increase, decrease, unchanged) poor preconception seizure control predicts incomplete control in pregnancy uncontrolled (seniors): fall may fracture hip, create subdural hematomas, crush vertebra, back pain sign 2006 prognosis sudep: sudden unexpected death in epilepsy due to underlying neurological impairment and less so underlying epilepsy, seizure-related accidents, status epileptics families should be advised if the child has an increased risk of sudep. they can be reassured if the risk is considered to be low engel 2006 the intention is that the seizure-type diagnosis will have implications with respect to etiology, approaches to diagnostic evaluation, treatment and prognosis. progressive nature berg 2010: epileptic encephalopathy: the epileptic activity itself may contribute to severe cognitive and behavioral impairments above and beyond what might be expected from the underlying pathology alone and that these can worsen over time. they tend to be pharmacoresistant. \"pharmacoresponsive\"=diagnosis of one of the syndromes allows, within a reasonable certainty, the prediction that the seizure will rapidly come under control with appropriate medication \"cause is no longer equated with prognosis\" poor prognosis diagnosis often has implications for treatment, management, prognosis \"self limited\" prognosi prognosis Prognosis ESSO:Propionic_Acidemia Propionic_Acidemia Engel 2001 Propion acidemia engel 2001 propionic acidemia propion acidemia propionic acidemia Propionic_Acidemia ESSO:Psychic_Aura Psychic_Aura Bancaud 1981 Dysphas Dysmnes (e.g. deja-vu) Cognit (e.g. dreami states, distort of time sense) Affectiv (e.g. fear, anger, etc.) Illusion (e.g. macropsia) Structur hallucin (e.g., music, scenes) Priopiocept Spatial percept Vertigionous: fall in space, floating, rotatori vertigo in horizontal/vert plane Dysphasia? Dysmnesic: distort memori experience, distort of time sense, dreami state, flashback, sensat of deja vu or jamai vu, (Auditory: deja-entendu or jamais-entendu), forc thinking, panoram vision Cognit disturbances: dreami states, distort of time sense, sensat of unreality, detachment, deperson Affective(attack for a few minutes, sudden onset, unprovoked, abat quickly): extrem pleasur or displeasure, fear/terror w/ run away & autonom activ (pupil dilatation, pallor, flushing, piloerection, palpitation, hypertension), intens depress with feel of unworthiness/rejection, anger/rag Illusions: Altere percept of size or weight of a limb Structur hallucinations: affect somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatori sens Form hallucinations: mobil memori trace in the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music perceiv in a normal or distort way ILAE 1989 Fear, panic Chang in mood, affect Forc think Sever vertigo Disorient in space Verbal auditori agnosia Luder 1998 Psychic Aura Psychic aura consist of complex hallucin and illus that usual affect differ senses. The most typic exampl are distort of familiarity, such as sensat of déjà vu or jamai vu. Frequent these sensat may be associ with emot alterations, such as fear. In addition, they may occur togeth with complex visual, auditori or other hallucin and illusions, includ visual hallucin such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. Blume 2001 2.2.2 Experiential: Affective, mnemonic, or composit perceptu phenomena includ illusori or composit hallucinatori events; these may appear alon or in combination. Include are feel of depersonalization. These phenomena have subject qualiti similar to those experienc in life but are recogn by the subject as occur outsid of the actual context. 2.2.2.1 Affective: Compon includ fear, depression,joy, and (rarely) anger. 2.2.2.2 Mnemonic: Compon that reflect octal dysmnesia such as feel of familiar (deja-vu) and unfamiliar (jamais-vu) 2.2.2.3 Hallucinatory: A creation of composit percept without correspond extern stimuli involv visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatori phenomena. Example: \"hearing\" and \"seeing\" peopl talking. 2.2.2.4 Illusory: An alter of actual percept involv the visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatori systems. 2.3 Dyscognitive: The term describ event in which (1) disturb of cognit is the predomin or most appar feature, and (2a) two or more of the follow compon are involved, or (2b) involv of such compon remain undetermined. Otherwise, use the more specif term (e.g., \"mnemon experienti seizure\" or \"hallucinatori experienti seizure\"). Engel 2001 Experienti sensori symptom (assoc w/ temporoparietoccipit junction) Blume 2203 Cognit and behavior aspect lost awar no talk 1 person restrain to prevent injuri Aura includ epigastr sensation, fear and various type of visual, olfactory, or auditori experienti phenomena Cognit may be impair dure the seizure, manifest as confusion, a recept or express dysphasia, apraxia, distract by an experienti phenomenon or amnesia. Thus, the term \"dyscognitive\" will replac \"complex partial\" for this seizur type. Memori may be impair bancaud 1981 dysphasic dysmnesic (e.g. deja-vu) cognitive (e.g. dreamy states, distortions of time sense) affective (e.g. fear, anger, etc.) illusions (e.g. macropsia) structured hallucinations (e.g., music, scenes) priopioception spatial perception vertigionous: falling in space, floating, rotatory vertigo in horizontal/vertical planes dysphasia? dysmnesic: distorted memory experience, distortion of time sense, dreamy state, flashback, sensation of deja vu or jamais vu, (auditory: deja-entendu or jamais-entendu), forced thinking, panoramic vision cognitive disturbances: dreamy states, distortion of time sense, sensations of unreality, detachment, depersonalization affective(attacks for a few minutes, sudden onset, unprovoked, abates quickly): extreme pleasure or displeasure, fear/terror w/ running away & autonomic activity (pupil dilatation, pallor, flushing, piloerection, palpitation, hypertension), intense depression with feelings of unworthiness/rejection, anger/rage illusions: altered perception of size or weight of a limb structured hallucinations: affect somatosensory, visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory senses formed hallucinations: mobilized memory traces in the form of scenery, persons, spoken sentences, or music perceived in a normal or distorted way ilae 1989 fear, panic changes in mood, affect forced thinking severe vertigo disorientation in space verbal auditory agnosia luders 1998 psychic aura psychic auras consist of complex hallucinations and illusions that usually affect different senses. the most typical examples are distortions of familiarity, such as sensations of déjà vu or jamais vu. frequently these sensations may be associated with emotional alterations, such as fear. in addition, they may occur together with complex visual, auditory or other hallucinations and illusions, including visual hallucinations such as macropsia, micropsia, and so on. blume 2001 2.2.2 experiential: affective, mnemonic, or composite perceptual phenomena including illusory or composite hallucinatory events; these may appear alone or in combination. included are feelings of depersonalization. these phenomena have subjective qualities similar to those experienced in life but are recognized by the subject as occurring outside of the actual context. 2.2.2.1 affective: components include fear, depression,joy, and (rarely) anger. 2.2.2.2 mnemonic: components that reflect octal dysmnesia such as feelings of familiarity (deja-vu) and unfamiliarity (jamais-vu) 2.2.2.3 hallucinatory: a creation of composite perceptions without corresponding external stimuli involving visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatory phenomena. example: \"hearing\" and \"seeing\" people talking. 2.2.2.4 illusory: an alteration of actual percepts involving the visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, or gustatory systems. 2.3 dyscognitive: the term describes events in which (1) disturbance of cognition is the predominant or most apparent feature, and (2a) two or more of the following components are involved, or (2b) involvement of such components remains undetermined. otherwise, use the more specific term (e.g., \"mnemonic experiential seizure\" or \"hallucinatory experiential seizure\"). engel 2001 experiential sensory symptoms (assoc w/ temporoparietoccipital junction) blume 2203 cognitive and behavioral aspects lost awareness no talking 1 person restrain to prevent injury aurae include epigastric sensation, fear and various types of visual, olfactory, or auditory experiential phenomena cognition may be impaired during the seizure, manifesting as confusion, a receptive or expressive dysphasia, apraxia, distraction by an experiential phenomenon or amnesia. thus, the term \"dyscognitive\" will replace \"complex partial\" for this seizure type. memory may be impaired psychic aura Psychic_Aura ESSO:Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Pyruv dehydrogenas defici engel 2001 pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency pyruv dehydrogenas defici pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency Pyruvate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency ESSO:Ramsay-Hunt_Like_Syndrome Ramsay-Hunt_Like_Syndrome ILAE 1989 A Ramsay-Hunt-lik syndrom can also be associ with a mitochondri myopathy, with abnorm of lactat and pyruv metabol (Fukuhara et al., 1980). ilae 1989 a ramsay-hunt-like syndrome can also be associated with a mitochondrial myopathy, with abnormalities of lactate and pyruvate metabolism (fukuhara et al., 1980). ramsay- hunt like syndrom ramsay- hunt like syndrome Ramsay-Hunt_Like_Syndrome ESSO:Rasmussen_Syndrome Rasmussen_Syndrome Engel 2001 Rasmussen Syndrom engel 2001 rasmussen syndrome rasmussen syndrom rasmussen syndrome Rasmussen_Syndrome ESSO:Rasmussens_Syndrome Rasmussens_Syndrome ILAE 1989 Rasmussen Syndrom ilae 1989 rasmussen's syndrome rasmussen syndrom rasmussens syndrome Rasmussens_Syndrome ESSO:Reflex_Epilepsy Reflex_Epilepsy Bancaud 1981 Reflex Seizur ILAE 1989 Reflex Epilepsi Blume 2001 Reflex: Objectiv and consist demonstr to be evok by a specif affer stimulus or by activ of the patient. Afferent stimuli can be elementari [i.e., unstructur (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elabor [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. Activiti may be elementari [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elabor [e.g., cognit function (reading, chess playing)], or both (read aloud). Engel 2001 Reflex Epilepsi Reflex epilepsi syndrome: A syndrom in which all epilept seizur are precipit by sensori stimuli. Reflex seizur that occur in focal and general epilepsi syndrom that are also associ with spontan seizur are list as seizur types. Isolat reflex seizur can also occur in situat that do not necessarili requir a diagnosi of epilepsy. Seizur precipit by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizur (chang concept). ILAE 2010 Reflex Epilepsi bancaud 1981 reflex seizure ilae 1989 reflex epilepsy blume 2001 reflex: objectively and consistently demonstrated to be evoked by a specific afferent stimulus or by activity of the patient. afferent stimuli can be elementary [i.e., unstructured (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elaborate [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. activity may be elementary [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elaborate [e.g., cognitive function (reading, chess playing)], or both (reading aloud). engel 2001 reflex epilepsies reflex epilepsy syndrome: a syndrome in which all epileptic seizures are precipitated by sensory stimuli. reflex seizures that occur in focal and generalized epilepsy syndromes that are also associated with spontaneous seizures are listed as seizure types. isolated reflex seizures can also occur in situations that do not necessarily require a diagnosis of epilepsy. seizures precipitated by other special circumstances, such as fever or alcohol withdrawal, are not reflex seizures (changed concept). ilae 2010 reflex epilepsy reflex epilepsi reflex epilepsy Reflex_Epilepsy ESSO:Reflex_Seizure Reflex_Seizure Blume 2001 Reflex: Objectiv and consist demonstr to be evok by a specif affer stimulus or by activ of the patient. Afferent stimuli can be elementari [i.e., unstructur (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elabor [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. Activiti may be elementari [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elabor [e.g., cognit function (reading, chess playing)], or both (read aloud). Engel 2001 Reflex Seizur Fischer 2014 Reflex seizur The condit of recurr reflex seizures, for instanc in respons to photic stimuli, repres provok seizur that are defin as epilepsy. Even though the seizur are provoked, 8 the tendenc to respond repeat to such stimuli with seizur meet the conceptu definit of epilepsy, in that reflex epilepsi are associ with an endur abnorm predisposit to have such seizures. blume 2001 reflex: objectively and consistently demonstrated to be evoked by a specific afferent stimulus or by activity of the patient. afferent stimuli can be elementary [i.e., unstructured (light flashes, startle, a monotone)] or elaborate [i.e., structured, (a symphony)]. activity may be elementary [e.g., motor (a movement)]; or elaborate [e.g., cognitive function (reading, chess playing)], or both (reading aloud). engel 2001 reflex seizures fischer 2014 reflex seizure the condition of recurrent reflex seizures, for instance in response to photic stimuli, represents provoked seizures that are defined as epilepsy. even though the seizures are provoked, 8 the tendency to respond repeatedly to such stimuli with seizures meets the conceptual definition of epilepsy, in that reflex epilepsies are associated with an enduring abnormal predisposition to have such seizures. reflex seizur reflex seizure Reflex_Seizure ESSO:Respiratory_Chain_Defect Respiratory_Chain_Defect Engel 2001 Respiratori chain defect engel 2001 respiratory chain defects respiratori chain defect respiratory chain defect Respiratory_Chain_Defect ESSO:Retropulsion Retropulsion retropuls retropulsion Retropulsion ESSO:Rett_Syndrome Rett_Syndrome Engel 2001 Rett syndrom engel 2001 rett syndrome rett syndrom rett syndrome Rett_Syndrome ESSO:Sandhoff_Disease Sandhoff_Disease ILAE 1989 Tay-Sach and Sandhoff diseas present with acoust startl or myoclonus in the first month of life, without EEG manifestations. In the second year, myoclon jerk and errat partial seizur occur, along with mark slow of the background rhythms. ilae 1989 tay-sachs and sandhoff disease present with acoustic startle or myoclonus in the first months of life, without eeg manifestations. in the second year, myoclonic jerks and erratic partial seizures occur, along with marked slowing of the background rhythms. sandhoff diseas sandhoff disease Sandhoff_Disease ESSO:Sanfilippo_Syndrome Sanfilippo_Syndrome Engel 2001 Sanfilippo syndrom engel 2001 sanfilippo syndrome sanfilippo syndrom sanfilippo syndrome Sanfilippo_Syndrome ESSO:Schizencephaly Schizencephaly Engel 2001 Schizencephali engel 2001 schizencephalies schizencephali schizencephaly Schizencephaly ESSO:Schizophrenia Schizophrenia schizophrenia Schizophrenia ESSO:Scotoma Scotoma Blume 2001 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. blume 2001 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. scotoma Scotoma ESSO:Sensory_Symptom Sensory_Symptom Luder 1998 Seizur affect the sensori sphere exclus produc no object sign other than an occasion alter behavior by the patient to an “unexpected” experience. We are awar of their occurr onli if the patient tell us of the sensori experience. We identifi these seizur as aura in good agreement with classic terminology. luders 1998 seizures affecting the sensorial sphere exclusively produce no objective signs other than an occasional altered behavior by the patient to an “unexpected” experience. we are aware of their occurrence only if the patient tells us of the sensorial experience. we identify these seizures as auras in good agreement with classical terminology. sensori symptom sensory symptom Sensory_Symptom ESSO:Sharp_Wave Sharp_Wave Bancaud 1981 Sharp and Slow Wave Noachter 1999 Sharp Wave: A transient, clear distinguish from background activity, with point peak at a convent paper speed or time scale and durat of 70-200 ms, i.e. over 1/4-1/5 s approximately. Main compon is general negat relat to other areas. Amplitud varies. Comments: (1) term should be restrict to epileptiform discharg and doe not appli to (a) distinct physiolog event such as vertex sharp transients, lambda wave and posit occipit sharp transient of sleep, (b) sharp transient poor distinguish from background activ and sharp-appear individu wave of EEG rhythms. (2) Sharp wave should be differenti from spikes, i.e. transient have similar characterist but shorter duration. However, it should be kept in mind that this distinct is larg arbitrari and primarili serv descript purposes. As a rule, in ink-written EEG record taken at 3 cm/s, sharp wave occupi more than 2 mm of paper width and spike 2 mm or less (see spike). bancaud 1981 sharp and slow wave noachter 1999 sharp wave: a transient, clearly distinguished from background activity, with pointed peak at a conventional paper speed or time scale and duration of 70-200 ms, i.e. over 1/4-1/5 s approximately. main component is generally negative relative to other areas. amplitude varies. comments: (1) term should be restricted to epileptiform discharges and does not apply to (a) distinctive physiologic events such as vertex sharp transients, lambda waves and positive occipital sharp transients of sleep, (b) sharp transients poorly distinguished from background activity and sharp-appearing individual waves of eeg rhythms. (2) sharp waves should be differentiated from spikes, i.e. transients having similar characteristics but shorter duration. however, it should be kept in mind that this distinction is largely arbitrary and primarily serves descriptive purposes. as a rule, in ink-written eeg records taken at 3 cm/s, sharp waves occupy more than 2 mm of paper width and spikes 2 mm or less (see spike). sharp wave Sharp_Wave ESSO:Sialidosis Sialidosis Engel 2001 Sialidosi engel 2001 sialidosis sialidosi sialidosis Sialidosis ESSO:Simple_Motor_Seizure Simple_Motor_Seizure Luder 1998 Simpl Motor Seizur Location: Left/right/axial/generalized/bilater asymmetr Simpl motor seizur in which the motor movement are relat “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movement similar to movement elicit by electr stimul of the primari motor area (Brodmann area 4 and 6) Blume 2001 Elementari Motor: A singl type of contract of a muscl or group of muscl that is usual stereotyp and not decompos into phases. (However, see tonic–clonic, an elementari motor sequence). luders 1998 simple motor seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric simple motor seizures in which the motor movements are relatively “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movements similar to movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary motor areas (brodmann areas 4 and 6) blume 2001 elementary motor: a single type of contraction of a muscle or group of muscles that is usually stereotyped and not decomposable into phases. (however, see tonic–clonic, an elementary motor sequence). simpl motor seizur simple motor seizure Simple_Motor_Seizure ESSO:Simple_Motor_Status Simple_Motor_Status Luder 1998 Simpl Motor Seizur Location: Left/right/axial/generalized/bilater asymmetr Simpl motor seizur in which the motor movement are relat “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movement similar to movement elicit by electr stimul of the primari motor area (Brodmann area 4 and 6) Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 simple motor seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric simple motor seizures in which the motor movements are relatively “simple,” unnatural, and consist of movements similar to movements elicited by electrical stimulation of the primary motor areas (brodmann areas 4 and 6) status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. simpl motor status simple motor status Simple_Motor_Status ESSO:Simple_Partial_Seizure Simple_Partial_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Clinic Seizur Type Conscious is not impair dure the attack EEG Seizur Type Local contralater discharg start over the correspond area of cortic represent (not alway record on the scalp) EEG Interict Expression Local contralater discharg bancaud 1981 clinical seizure type consciousness is not impaired during the attack eeg seizure type local contralateral discharge starting over the corresponding area of cortical representation (not always recorded on the scalp) eeg interictal expression local contralateral discharge simpl partial seizur simple partial seizure Simple_Partial_Seizure ESSO:Skin_Findings Skin_Findings skin find skin findings Skin_Findings ESSO:Slow_Activity Slow_Activity Noachter 1999 Slow Activity: Activiti of frequenc lower than alpha, i.e. theta and delta activities. noachter 1999 slow activity: activity of frequency lower than alpha, i.e. theta and delta activities. slow activ slow activity Slow_Activity ESSO:Somatosensory_Aura Somatosensory_Aura Bancaud 1981 pins-and needl or feel of numb Tingl ILAE 1989 Negative: Numbness, absent bodi part, asomatognosia Positive: tingling, feel of electricity, crawling, cold Pain (superfici burn dysesthesia, vague, severe) Luder 1998 Somatosensori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Somatosensori aura consist of abnorm somatosensori sensat (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limit to a clear defin somatosensori region of the body. Sensat that are poor local or consist of vagu sensat should be classifi as unclassifi aura (just ‘‘auras”). Blume 2001 2.2 Sensory: A perceptu experi not caus by appropri stimuli in the extern world. Modifi \"seizure\" or \"aura.\" 2.2.1.1 Somatosensory: Tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sens of movement, or desir to move. 2.2.1.7 Cephalic: Sensat in the head such as light-headedness, tingl or headache. bancaud 1981 pins-and needles or feeling of numbness tingling ilae 1989 negative: numbness, absent body part, asomatognosia positive: tingling, feeling of electricity, crawling, coldness pain (superficial burning dysesthesia, vague, severe) luders 1998 somatosensory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric somatosensory auras consist of abnormal somatosensory sensations (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limited to a clearly defined somatosensory region of the body. sensations that are poorly localized or consist of vague sensations should be classified as unclassifiable auras (just ‘‘auras”). blume 2001 2.2 sensory: a perceptual experience not caused by appropriate stimuli in the external world. modifies \"seizure\" or \"aura.\" 2.2.1.1 somatosensory: tingling, numbness, electric-shock sensation, pain, sense of movement, or desire to move. 2.2.1.7 cephalic: sensation in the head such as light-headedness, tingling or headache. somatosensori aura somatosensory aura Somatosensory_Aura ESSO:Somatosensory_Aura_Status Somatosensory_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Somatosensori Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Somatosensori aura consist of abnorm somatosensori sensat (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limit to a clear defin somatosensori region of the body. Sensat that are poor local or consist of vagu sensat should be classifi as unclassifi aura (just ‘‘auras”). Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 somatosensory aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric somatosensory auras consist of abnormal somatosensory sensations (‘‘paresthesias”) that are limited to a clearly defined somatosensory region of the body. sensations that are poorly localized or consist of vague sensations should be classified as unclassifiable auras (just ‘‘auras”). status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. somatosensori aura status somatosensory aura status Somatosensory_Aura_Status ESSO:Spasm Spasm spasm Spasm ESSO:Spatial_Disorientation Spatial_Disorientation spatial disorient spatial disorientation Spatial_Disorientation ESSO:Startle_Epilepsy Startle_Epilepsy Engel 2001 Startl Epilepsi engel 2001 startle epilepsy startl epilepsi startle epilepsy Startle_Epilepsy ESSO:Subcortical_Band_Heterotopia Subcortical_Band_Heterotopia Engel 2001 Subcort band heterotopia engel 2001 subcortical band heterotopia subcort band heterotopia subcortical band heterotopia Subcortical_Band_Heterotopia ESSO:Substance_Abuse Substance_Abuse Engel 2001 Alcohol and drug abus engel 2001 alcohol and drug abuse substanc abus substance abuse Substance_Abuse ESSO:Sulphite-Oxidase_Deficiency Sulphite-Oxidase_Deficiency Engel 2001 Sulphite-Oxidas Defici engel 2001 sulphite-oxidase deficiency sulphite- oxidas defici sulphite- oxidase deficiency Sulphite-Oxidase_Deficiency ESSO:Symptom Symptom Bancaud 1981 Symptom ILAE 1989 character by a cluster of sign and symptom customarili occur togeth Scheuermann 2009 Symptom: A bodili featur of a patient that is observ by the patient and is hypothes by the patient to be a realiz of a disease. On some read of the term, ‘symptom’ refer paradigmat to pain and other feel and sensat which are such that they can be observ onli by the patient. bancaud 1981 symptom ilae 1989 characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms customarily occurring together scheuermann 2009 symptom: a bodily feature of a patient that is observed by the patient and is hypothesized by the patient to be a realization of a disease. on some readings of the term, ‘symptom’ refers paradigmatically to pains and other feelings and sensations which are such that they can be observed only by the patient. symptom Symptom ESSO:Tay-Sachs_Disease Tay-Sachs_Disease ILAE 1989 Tay-Sach and Sandhoff diseas present with acoust startl or myoclonus in the first month of life, without EEG manifestations. In the second year, myoclon jerk and errat partial seizur occur, along with mark slow of the background rhythms. ilae 1989 tay-sachs and sandhoff disease present with acoustic startle or myoclonus in the first months of life, without eeg manifestations. in the second year, myoclonic jerks and erratic partial seizures occur, along with marked slowing of the background rhythms. tay- sach diseas tay- sachs disease Tay-Sachs_Disease ESSO:Telencephalon Telencephalon Tancr 2005 The Cerebr Hemispher (Telencephalon) are involv in the percept of sensori information, control of voluntari movement, speech, cognit and all aspect of person and behaviour. Structures: Cerebr Hemispher Information: The telencephalon is the more rostral of the two secondari brain vesicl which form from the prosencephalon. The embryon telencephalon develop into the cerebr hemispher of the adult brain. In the adult brain the term telencephalon is interchang with the cerebr hemispher For detail regard the compon of the telencephalon in the adult brain, see cerebr hemispher inform card. tancred 2005 the cerebral hemispheres (telencephalon) are involved in the perception of sensory information, control of voluntary movement, speech, cognition and all aspects of personality and behaviour. structures: cerebral hemisphere information: the telencephalon is the more rostral of the two secondary brain vesicles which form from the prosencephalon. the embryonic telencephalon develops into the cerebral hemispheres of the adult brain. in the adult brain the term 'telencephalon' is interchangable with 'the cerebral hemispheres' for details regarding the components of the telencephalon in the adult brain, see 'cerebral hemisphere' information card. telencephalon Telencephalon ESSO:Temporal_Lobe Temporal_Lobe Trancr 2005 The Tempor Lobe includ area which are import in audit (hearing), memori and innat behaviours. Structures: Collater Sulcus Corpus Callosum Hippocamp Gyrus Inferior Tempor Gyrus Inferior Tempor Sulcus Later Fissur Later Ventricl Middl Tempor Gyrus Occipitotempor Gyrus Parahippocamp Gyrus Parieto-occipit Sulcus Primari Auditori Area Primari Olfactori Area Superior Tempor Gyrus Superior Tempor Sulcus Transvers Tempor Gyrus Uncus Information: Boundaries: On the later surfac the tempor lobe is bound posterior by the imaginari line extend downward from the parieto-occipit sulcus to the preoccipit notch. It is bound superior by the later fissur and a horizont line extend from the later fissur to meet the imaginari line just described. On the medial surfac it is bound posterior by a line extend from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipit notch. Gyri and Sulci: The later surfac of the tempor lobe is form by the superior, middl and inferior tempor gyri, which are separ from each other by the superior and inferior tempor sulci. The superior surfac of the superior tempor gyrus, which form the floor of the later fissure, is thrown into sever transvers orient folds, which are call the transvers tempor gyri (of Heschl). The inferomedi surfac of the tempor lobe is form by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocamp gyrus, the occipitotempor gyrus and the inferior tempor gyrus. The occipitotempor gyrus is separ from the parahippocamp gyrus by the collater sulcus and from the inferior tempor gyrus by the occipitotempor sulcus. The rostral part of the parahippocamp gyrus hook backward to form a bump on it medial surfac call the uncus. Above the parahippocamp gyrus (not visibl from the inferior surface) is the hippocamp gyrus, which actual form the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the later ventricle. Specif Function Areas: (1) Primari Auditori Area - locat on the transvers tempor gyri. (2) Primari Olfactori Area - locat on the uncus. tempor lobe temporal lobe trancred 2005 the temporal lobe includes areas which are important in audition (hearing), memory and innate behaviours. structures: collateral sulcus corpus callosum hippocampal gyrus inferior temporal gyrus inferior temporal sulcus lateral fissure lateral ventricle middle temporal gyrus occipitotemporal gyrus parahippocampal gyrus parieto-occipital sulcus primary auditory area primary olfactory area superior temporal gyrus superior temporal sulcus transverse temporal gyrus uncus information: boundaries: on the lateral surface the temporal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the imaginary line extending downwards from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the preoccipital notch. it is bounded superiorly by the lateral fissure and a horizontal line extending from the lateral fissure to meet the imaginary line just described. on the medial surface it is bounded posteriorly by a line extending from the splenium of the corpus callosum to the preoccipital notch. gyri and sulci: the lateral surface of the temporal lobe is formed by the superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, which are separated from each other by the superior and inferior temporal sulci. the superior surface of the superior temporal gyrus, which forms the floor of the lateral fissure, is thrown into several transversely oriented folds, which are called the transverse temporal gyri (of heschl). the inferomedial surface of the temporal lobe is formed by (from medial to lateral) the parahippocampal gyrus, the occipitotemporal gyrus and the inferior temporal gyrus. the occipitotemporal gyrus is separated from the parahippocampal gyrus by the collateral sulcus and from the inferior temporal gyrus by the occipitotemporal sulcus. the rostral part of the parahippocampal gyrus hooks backward to form a bump on its medial surface called the uncus. above the parahippocampal gyrus (not visible from the inferior surface) is the hippocampal gyrus, which actually forms the medial wall of the inferior (temporal) horn of the lateral ventricle. specific functional areas: (1) primary auditory area - located on the transverse temporal gyri. (2) primary olfactory area - located on the uncus. Temporal_Lobe ESSO:Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy 1989 ILAE Tempor Lobe Epilepsi Tempor lobe syndrom are character by simpl partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarili general seizures, or combin of these. Frequently, there is a histori of febril seizures, and a famili histori of seizur is common. Memori deficit may occur. On metabol imag studies, hypometabol is frequent observ [e.g., positron emiss tomographi (PET)]. Unilater or bilater tempor lobe spike are common on EEG. Onset is frequent in childhood or young adulthood. Seizur occur in cluster at interv or randomly. Gener characterist Featur strong suggest of the diagnosi when present include: 1. Simpl partial seizur typic character by autonom and/or psychic symptom and certain sensori phenomena such as olfactori and auditori (includ illusions). Most common is an epigastric, often rising, sensation. 2. Complex partial seizur often but not alway begin with motor arrest typic follow by oroalimentari automatism. Other automat frequent follow. The durat is typic >1 min. Postict confus usual occurs. The attack are follow by amnesia. Recoveri is gradual. Electroencephalograph characterist In tempor lobe epilepsi the interict scalp EEG may show the following: 1. No abnormality.
 2. Slight or mark asymmetri of the background activity.
 3. Tempor spikes, sharp wave and/or slow waves, unilater or bilateral, synchron but also asynchronous. These find are not alway confin to the tempor region. 4. In addit to scalp EEG findings, intracrani record may allow better definit of the intracrani distribut of the interict abnormalities. In tempor lobe epilepsi various EEG pattern may accompani the initi clinic ictal symptomatology, includ (a) a unilater or bilater interrupt of background activity; and (b) tempor or multilobar low-amplitud fast activity, rhythmic spikes, or rhythmic slow waves. The onset of the EEG may not correl with the clinic onset depend on methodology. Intracrani record may provid addit inform regard the chronolog and spatial evolut of the discharges. 1989 ilae temporal lobe epilepsy temporal lobe syndromes are characterized by simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures, and secondarily generalized seizures, or combinations of these. frequently, there is a history of febrile seizures, and a family history of seizures is common. memory deficits may occur. on metabolic imaging studies, hypometabolism is frequently observed [e.g., positron emission tomography (pet)]. unilateral or bilateral temporal lobe spikes are common on eeg. onset is frequently in childhood or young adulthood. seizures occur in clusters at intervals or randomly. general characteristics features strongly suggestive of the diagnosis when present include: 1. simple partial seizures typically characterized by autonomic and/or psychic symptoms and certain sensory phenomena such as olfactory and auditory (including illusions). most common is an epigastric, often rising, sensation. 2. complex partial seizures often but not always beginning with motor arrest typically followed by oroalimentary automatism. other automatisms frequently follow. the duration is typically >1 min. postictal confusion usually occurs. the attacks are followed by amnesia. recovery is gradual. electroencephalographic characteristics in temporal lobe epilepsies the interictal scalp eeg may show the following: 1. no abnormality.
 2. slight or marked asymmetry of the background activity.
 3. temporal spikes, sharp waves and/or slow waves, unilateral or bilateral, synchronous but also asynchronous. these findings are not always confined to the temporal region. 4. in addition to scalp eeg findings, intracranial recordings may allow better definition of the intracranial distribution of the interictal abnormalities. in temporal lobe epilepsies various eeg patterns may accompany the initial clinical ictal symptomatology, including (a) a unilateral or bilateral interruption of background activity; and (b) temporal or multilobar low-amplitude fast activity, rhythmic spikes, or rhythmic slow waves. the onset of the eeg may not correlate with the clinical onset depending on methodology. intracranial recordings may provide additional information regarding the chronologic and spatial evolution of the discharges. tempor lobe epilepsi temporal lobe epilepsy Temporal_Lobe_Epilepsy ESSO:Thigh Thigh thigh Thigh ESSO:Tongue Tongue Bancaud 1981 Tongu may be bitten bancaud 1981 tongue may be bitten tongu tongue Tongue ESSO:Tonic_Seizure Tonic_Seizure tonic seizur tonic seizure Tonic_Seizure ESSO:Tonic_Status Tonic_Status Luder 1998 Tonic Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Tonic seizur consist of sustain muscl contractions, usual last >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. Engel 2001 Tonic Status Epilepticus luders 1998 tonic seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures consist of sustained muscle contractions, usually lasting >3 s, that lead to “positioning.” status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. engel 2001 tonic status epilepticus tonic status Tonic_Status ESSO:Torso Torso torso Torso ESSO:Traumatic_Brain_Injury Traumatic_Brain_Injury This is a provoc factor if a seizur occur less than 7 day from the TBI. It is an etiolog if it occur 7 day or later from the TBI and if the epidemiolog likelihood of a first unprovok seizur from that etiolog is 60% or greater, then you can call the seizur that occur epilepsy. this is a provocative factor if a seizure occurs less than 7 days from the tbi. it is an etiology if it occurs 7 days or later from the tbi and if the epidemiologic likelihood of a first unprovoked seizure from that etiology is 60% or greater, then you can call the seizure that occurs epilepsy. traumat brain injuri traumatic brain injury Traumatic_Brain_Injury ESSO:Tremor Tremor tremor Tremor ESSO:Triphasic_Wave Triphasic_Wave Noachter 1999 Triphas Wave: High-amplitud (over 70 uV) posit sharp transients, which are preced and follow by relat low-amplitud negat waves. The first negat wave general has a lower amplitud than the negat afterwave. The distribut is generalized, and frequent the largest deflect in a bipolar fronto-occipit deriv occur at the frontal electrodes. Triphas wave tend to have a repetit rate of ca. 1-2 Hz. noachter 1999 triphasic wave: high-amplitude (over 70 uv) positive sharp transients, which are preceded and followed by relatively low-amplitude negative waves. the first negative wave generally has a lower amplitude than the negative afterwave. the distribution is generalized, and frequently the largest deflections in a bipolar fronto-occipital derivation occur at the frontal electrodes. triphasic waves tend to have a repetition rate of ca. 1-2 hz. triphas wave triphasic wave Triphasic_Wave ESSO:Trunk Trunk bancaud 1981 trunk trunk Trunk ESSO:Tuberous_Sclerosis_Complex Tuberous_Sclerosis_Complex Engel 2001 Tuber sclerosi complex engel 2001 tuberous sclerosis complex tuber sclerosi complex tuberous sclerosis complex Tuberous_Sclerosis_Complex ESSO:Typical_Absence_Seizure Typical_Absence_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Typic Absenc Seizur Clinic Seizur Type (a) Impairment of conscious onli (b) With mild clonic compon (c) With aton compon (d) With tonic compon (e) With automat (f) With autonom compon (b-f may be use alon or in combination) EEG Seizur Type Usualli regular and symmetr 3Hz but may be 2-4 Hz spike-and-slow-wav complex and may have multipl spike-and-slow-wav complexes. Abnormal are bilater EEG Interict Expression Background activ usual normal although paroxysm activ (such as spike or spike-and-slow-wav complexes) may occur. This activ is usual regular and symmetrical. bancaud 1981 typical absence seizure clinical seizure type (a) impairment of consciousness only (b) with mild clonic components (c) with atonic components (d) with tonic components (e) with automatisms (f) with autonomic components (b-f may be used alone or in combination) eeg seizure type usually regular and symmetrical 3hz but may be 2-4 hz spike-and-slow-wave complexes and may have multiple spike-and-slow-wave complexes. abnormalities are bilateral eeg interictal expression background activity usually normal although paroxysmal activity (such as spikes or spike-and-slow-wave complexes) may occur. this activity is usually regular and symmetrical. typic absenc seizur typical absence seizure Typical_Absence_Seizure ESSO:Typical_Dialeptic_Seizure Typical_Dialeptic_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Absenc with impair of conscious onli Absence: sudden onset, interrupt of ongo activities, blank stare, brief upward rotat of eyes. If speaking, speech slow or interrupted; if walking, transfixed; if eating, food stops, patient usual unrespons when spoken to last few second to half a minut Begin and end rapid Luder 1998 Typic Dialept Seizur Location: Left hemisphere/right hemispher Dialept seizur for ictal episod in which the main manifest is an alter of consciousness. The term dialept deriv from the Greek word “dialeipein,” which mean “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” Typic dialept seizur consist of short episod of alter consciousness: <20 s. The alter of conscious begin and end abrupt and frequent is associ with rhythmic eye blink at a rate of ~3 Hz. Patient with general absenc epilepsi often have typic dialept seizures. All seizur that consist main of an alter of conscious but that are not “typic dialept seizures” should be classifi as just dialept seizures. Engel 2001 Typic absenc seizur Eyelid myoclonia w/ absenc Berg 2010 Typic Absenc Unknown 3Hz Rhythmic Eye Blink Amnesia (complet or partial) Alterat of conscious Begin and end abrupt <20 sec / episod bancaud 1981 absence with impairment of consciousness only absence: sudden onset, interruption of ongoing activities, blank stare, brief upward rotation of eyes. if speaking, speech slowed or interrupted; if walking, transfixed; if eating, food stops, patient usually unresponsive when spoken to lasts few seconds to half a minute begins and ends rapidly luders 1998 typical dialeptic seizure location: left hemisphere/right hemisphere dialeptic seizures for ictal episodes in which the main manifestation is an alteration of consciousness. the term dialeptic derives from the greek word “dialeipein,” which means “to stand still,” “to interrupt,” or “to pass out.” typical dialeptic seizures consist of short episodes of altered consciousness: <20 s. the alteration of consciousness begins and ends abruptly and frequently is associated with rhythmical eye blinking at a rate of ~3 hz. patients with generalized absence epilepsy often have typical dialeptic seizures. all seizures that consist mainly of an alteration of consciousness but that are not “typical dialeptic seizures” should be classified as just dialeptic seizures. engel 2001 typical absence seizures eyelid myoclonia w/ absences berg 2010 typical absence unknown 3hz rhythmic eye blinking amnesia (complete or partial) alteration of consciousness begins and ends abruptly <20 sec / episode typic dialept seizur typical dialeptic seizure Typical_Dialeptic_Seizure ESSO:Typical_Dialeptic_Status Typical_Dialeptic_Status typic dialept status typical dialeptic status Typical_Dialeptic_Status ESSO:Unconscious Unconscious unconsci unconscious Unconscious ESSO:Unilateral_Polymicrogyria Unilateral_Polymicrogyria Engel 2001 Unilater polymicrogyria engel 2001 unilateral polymicrogyria unilater polymicrogyria unilateral polymicrogyria Unilateral_Polymicrogyria ESSO:Unknown_Cause Unknown_Cause unknown caus unknown cause Unknown_Cause ESSO:Unresponsiveness Unresponsiveness Bancaud 1981 Unrespons when spoken to. bancaud 1981 unresponsive when spoken to. unrespons unresponsiveness Unresponsiveness ESSO:Unverricht-Lundborg_Disease Unverricht-Lundborg_Disease Engel 2001 Unverricht-Lundborg Diseas engel 2001 unverricht-lundborg disease unverricht- lundborg diseas unverricht- lundborg disease Unverricht-Lundborg_Disease ESSO:Urea_Cycle_DIsorder Urea_Cycle_DIsorder Engel 2001 Urea Cycl Disord engel 2001 urea cycle disorders urea cycl d isord urea cycle d isorder Urea_Cycle_DIsorder ESSO:Urea_Cycle_Disorder Urea_Cycle_Disorder Engel 2001 Urea Cycl Disord engel 2001 urea cycle disorders urea cycl disord urea cycle disorder Urea_Cycle_Disorder ESSO:Versive_Seizure Versive_Seizure Bancaud 1981 Head turn to one side usual contravers to discharg bancaud 1981 head turning to one side usually contraversive to discharge versiv seizur versive seizure Versive_Seizure ESSO:Versive_Status Versive_Status Luder 1998 Versiv Seizur Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Versiv seizur are seizur dure which the patient either has a conjug eye movement to one side or move the head, and occasion the whole body, to one side. Onli conjug eye movement or later head and bodi movement that are sustain and extrem should be classifi as versiv seizure. The later movement of the eye frequent consist of a combin of a smooth tonic later movement on which are superimpos small saccad that progress move the eye out to an extrem position. On other occasions, a smooth later movement without ani saccad may be observed. The version of bodi part has a similar character, but the saccad are replac by small clonic later movement of the head or body. Dure these later movements, the chin frequent move not onli later but also upward, result in an unnatur posit of the eye and head. Occasionally, the patient’ bodi will also turn and may complet one or more 360” turns. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 versive seizure location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric versive seizures are seizures during which the patient either has a conjugate eye movement to one side or moves the head, and occasionally the whole body, to one side. only conjugate eye movements or lateral head and body movements that are sustained and extreme should be classified as versive seizure. the lateral movement of the eyes frequently consists of a combination of a smooth tonic lateral movement on which are superimposed small saccades that progressively move the eye out to an extreme position. on other occasions, a smooth lateral movement without any saccades may be observed. the version of body parts has a similar character, but the saccades are replaced by small clonic lateral movements of the head or body. during these lateral movements, the chin frequently moves not only laterally but also upward, resulting in an unnatural position of the eyes and head. occasionally, the patient’s body will also turn and may complete one or more 360” turns. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. versiv status versive status Versive_Status ESSO:Vertigo Vertigo Bancaud 1981 Vertigin Symptom bancaud 1981 vertiginous symptom vertigo Vertigo ESSO:Visual_Aura Visual_Aura Bancaud 1981 Flash lights, structur visual hallucinatori phenomena (persons, scenes) Illusions: monocular diplopia, size, (macropsia/micropsia), distanc Object may appear deform ILAE 1989 Dreami states, Visual mispercept Fleet visual manifest Position: contralateral, entir visual field Negative: scotoma, hemianopsia, amaurosi Positive: sparks, flashes, phosphen Percept illus (distortions) Chang in size (macropsia, micropsia) Chang in distanc Metamorphosia: object inclination, distortion, shape chang (distortion, foreshortening, elongation) Complex visual percept Heautoscopi (see own image) Luder 1998 Visual Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Visual hallucin or illusions, 
when occur in isolation, should be classifi as visual auras. More elabor visual hallucin or illus that are associ with other complex distort of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, complex visual or auditori illusions, or the hear of voices, and so on), should be classifi as visual aura onli if the visual hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom, at least for a signific part of the aura. Otherwise, they should be classifi as psychic aura (describ below). Poor defin alter of vision (such as “blurri vision”) should be design unclassifi auras. Blume 2001 2.2.1.2 Visual: Flash or flicker lights, spots, simpl patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. Blume 2003 Aura includ epigastr sensation, fear and various type of visual, olfactory, or auditori experienti phenomena bancaud 1981 flashing lights, structured visual hallucinatory phenomena (persons, scenes) illusions: monocular diplopia, size, (macropsia/micropsia), distance objects may appear deformed ilae 1989 dreamy states, visual misperceptions fleeting visual manifestations position: contralateral, entire visual field negative: scotoma, hemianopsia, amaurosis positive: sparks, flashes, phosphenes perceptive illusions (distortions) change in size (macropsia, micropsia) change in distance metamorphosia: object inclination, distortion, shape change (distortion, foreshortening, elongation) complex visual perceptions heautoscopy (sees own image) luders 1998 visual aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric visual hallucinations or illusions, 
when occurring in isolation, should be classified as visual auras. more elaborate visual hallucinations or illusions that are associated with other complex distortions of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, complex visual or auditory illusions, or the hearing of voices, and so on), should be classified as visual auras only if the visual hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom, at least for a significant part of the aura. otherwise, they should be classified as psychic auras (described below). poorly defined alterations of vision (such as “blurry vision”) should be designated unclassifiable auras. blume 2001 2.2.1.2 visual: flashing or flickering lights, spots, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. blume 2003 aurae include epigastric sensation, fear and various types of visual, olfactory, or auditory experiential phenomena visual aura Visual_Aura ESSO:Visual_Aura_Status Visual_Aura_Status Luder 1998 Visual Aura Location: Left/Right/Axial/Generalized/Bilater Asymmetr Visual hallucin or illusions, 
when occur in isolation, should be classifi as visual auras. More elabor visual hallucin or illus that are associ with other complex distort of percept (such as alter of the sens of familiar of what the patient is see or hearing, complex visual or auditori illusions, or the hear of voices, and so on), should be classifi as visual aura onli if the visual hallucin or illus is clear the predomin symptom, at least for a signific part of the aura. Otherwise, they should be classifi as psychic aura (describ below). Poor defin alter of vision (such as “blurri vision”) should be design unclassifi auras. Status Epilepticus Essential ani of the seizur form describ abov can manifest as status epilepticus. Status epilepticus is classifi in the same way as the seizur by replac the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialept status, right foot clonic status. luders 1998 visual aura location: left/right/axial/generalized/bilateral asymmetric visual hallucinations or illusions, 
when occurring in isolation, should be classified as visual auras. more elaborate visual hallucinations or illusions that are associated with other complex distortions of perception (such as alterations of the sense of familiarity of what the patient is seeing or hearing, complex visual or auditory illusions, or the hearing of voices, and so on), should be classified as visual auras only if the visual hallucination or illusion is clearly the predominant symptom, at least for a significant part of the aura. otherwise, they should be classified as psychic auras (described below). poorly defined alterations of vision (such as “blurry vision”) should be designated unclassifiable auras. status epilepticus essentially any of the seizure forms described above can manifest as status epilepticus. status epilepticus is classified in the same way as the seizures by replacing the term “seizure” with “status”-e.g., dialeptic status, right foot clonic status. visual aura status Visual_Aura_Status ESSO:Visual_Hallucination Visual_Hallucination Bancaud 1981 Visual Hallucin bancaud 1981 visual hallucination visual hallucin visual hallucination Visual_Hallucination ESSO:Visual_Illusion Visual_Illusion visual illus visual illusion Visual_Illusion ESSO:Vomiting Vomiting Bancaud 1981 Vomit bancaud 1981 vomiting vomit vomiting Vomiting ESSO:Weakness Weakness weak weakness Weakness ESSO:West_Syndrome West_Syndrome ILAE 1989 West Syndrom Usually, West syndrom consist of a characterist triad: infantil spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia, although one element may be missing. Spasm may be flexor, extensor, lightning, or nods, but most common they are mixed. Onset peak between the age of 4 and 7 month and alway occur befor the age of 1 year. Boy are more common affected. The prognosi is general poor. West syndrom may be separ into two groups. The symptomat group is character by previous exist of brain damag sign (psychomotor retardation, neurolog signs, radiolog signs, or other type of seizures) or by a known etiology. The smaller, cryptogen group is character by a lack of previous sign of brain damag and of known etiology. The prognosi appear to be part base on earli therapi with adrenocorticotrop hormon (ACTH) or oral steroids. Engel 2001 West Syndrom ILAE 2010 West Syndrom ilae 1989 west syndrome usually, west syndrome consists of a characteristic triad: infantile spasms, arrest of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia, although one element may be missing. spasms may be flexor, extensor, lightning, or nods, but most commonly they are mixed. onset peaks between the ages of 4 and 7 months and always occurs before the age of 1 year. boys are more commonly affected. the prognosis is generally poor. west syndrome may be separated into two groups. the symptomatic group is characterized by previous existence of brain damage signs (psychomotor retardation, neurologic signs, radiologic signs, or other types of seizures) or by a known etiology. the smaller, cryptogenic group is characterized by a lack of previous signs of brain damage and of known etiology. the prognosis appears to be partly based on early therapy with adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) or oral steroids. engel 2001 west syndrome ilae 2010 west syndrome west syndrom west syndrome West_Syndrome ESSO:Wicket_Spikes Wicket_Spikes Noachter 1999 Wicket Spikes: Spike-lik monophas negat singl wave or train of wave occur over the tempor region dure drowsi that have an arcuat or mu-lik appearance. These are main seen in older individu and repres a benign variant that is of littl clinic significance. noachter 1999 wicket spikes: spike-like monophasic negative single waves or trains of waves occurring over the temporal regions during drowsiness that have an arcuate or mu-like appearance. these are mainly seen in older individuals and represent a benign variant that is of little clinical significance. wicket spike wicket spikes Wicket_Spikes ESSO:X-Linked_Lissencephaly X-Linked_Lissencephaly Engel 2001 X-link lissencephali engel 2001 x-linked lissencephaly x- link lissencephali x- linked lissencephaly X-Linked_Lissencephaly ESSO:current_adolescent_12_18_yrs current_adolescent_12_18_yrs blume 2001 berg 2010 current adolesc 12 18 yrs current adolescent 12 18 yrs current_adolescent_12_18_yrs ESSO:current_adult_19_to_60_yrs current_adult_19_to_60_yrs bancaud 1981 adult life current adult 19 to 60 yrs current_adult_19_to_60_yrs ESSO:current_child_1_to_11_yrs current_child_1_to_11_yrs blume 2001 berg 2010 current child 1 to 11 yrs current_child_1_to_11_yrs ESSO:current_elderly_greater_than_60_yrs current_elderly_greater_than_60_yrs blume 2003 berg 2010 current elder greater than 60 yrs current elderly greater than 60 yrs current_elderly_greater_than_60_yrs ESSO:current_infant_1_to_12_months current_infant_1_to_12_months blume 2001 berg 2010 current infant 1 to 12 month current infant 1 to 12 months current_infant_1_to_12_months ESSO:current_neonate_birth_to_1_month current_neonate_birth_to_1_month <= 1Month or 44 week gestat <= 1month or 44 weeks gestation current neonat birth to 1 month current neonate birth to 1 month current_neonate_birth_to_1_month ESSO:disease disease Scheuermann 2009 Diseas A disposit (i) to undergo patholog process that (ii) exist in an organ becaus of one or more disord in that organism. Diseas as disposit root in physic disord in the organ and realiz in patholog processes. (1) to the exist of pre-clin manifest of diseas (disord can exist befor they are realiz in overt patholog processes); (2) to the combin of diseas and predisposit to diseas which can exist within a singl patient (as when an instanc of diseas of type A in a given patient is a risk factor for a second diseas of type B); and (3) to the fact that the diseas cours and the clinic pictur may vari wide between patient who have the same disease. Disord A causal relat isol combin of physic compon that is (a) clinic abnorm and (b) maximal, in the sens that it is not a part of some larger such combination. Such disord are the physic basi of disease. A diseas come into exist becaus some physic compon becom malformed. diseas disease scheuermann 2009 disease a disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. diseases as dispositions rooted in physical disorders in the organism and realized in pathological processes. (1) to the existence of pre-clinical manifestations of disease (disorders can exist before they are realized in overt pathological processes); (2) to the combinations of disease and predispositions to disease which can exist within a single patient (as when an instance of disease of type a in a given patient is a risk factor for a second disease of type b); and (3) to the fact that the disease course and the clinical picture may vary widely between patients who have the same disease. disorder a causally relatively isolated combination of physical components that is (a) clinically abnormal and (b) maximal, in the sense that it is not a part of some larger such combination. such disorders are the physical basis of disease. a disease comes into existence because some physical component becomes malformed. disease ESSO:epidemiologic_factor epidemiologic_factor d0000526 epidemiolog factor epidemiologic factor epidemiologic_factor ESSO:epilepsy_syndrome epilepsy_syndrome ILAE 1989 An epilept syndrom is an epilept disord character by a cluster of sign and symptom customarili occur together; these includ such item as type of seizure, etiology, anatomy, precipit factors, age of onset, severity, chronicity, diurnal and circadian cycling, and sometim prognosis. However, in contradistinct to a disease, a syndrom doe not necessarili have a common etiolog and prognosis. Engel 2006 Epilepsi syndrome: A complex of sign and symptom that defin a uniqu epilepsi condit with differ etiologies. This must involv more than just the seizur type; thus frontal lobe seizur per se, for instance, do not constitut a syndrom (chang concept). Fischer 2014 epilepsi syndrom epilepsi syndrom epilepsy syndrome ilae 1989 an epileptic syndrome is an epileptic disorder characterized by a cluster of signs and symptoms customarily occurring together; these include such items as type of seizure, etiology, anatomy, precipitating factors, age of onset, severity, chronicity, diurnal and circadian cycling, and sometimes prognosis. however, in contradistinction to a disease, a syndrome does not necessarily have a common etiology and prognosis. engel 2006 epilepsy syndrome: a complex of signs and symptoms that define a unique epilepsy condition with different etiologies. this must involve more than just the seizure type; thus frontal lobe seizures per se, for instance, do not constitute a syndrome (changed concept). fischer 2014 epilepsy syndrome epilepsy_syndrome _Disease diseas disease Engel 2001 Alper diseas d0000361 engel 2001 alpers' disease _Disease s_Disease Engel 2001 Alzheimer diseas d0000362 engel 2001 alzheimer's disease s diseas s disease s_Disease _Disease diseas disease Engel 2001 Alper diseas engel 2001 alpers' disease _Disease s_Disease Engel 2001 Alzheimer diseas engel 2001 alzheimer's disease s diseas s disease s_Disease Lowry_Syndrome Engel 2001 Coffin-Lowri syndrom engel 2001 coffin-lowry syndrome lowri syndrom lowry syndrome Lowry_Syndrome s_Syndrome Engel 2001 Dravet Syndrom engel 2001 dravet's syndrome s syndrom s syndrome s_Syndrome Gastaut_Syndrome Engel 2001 Lennox-Gastaut Syndrom engel 2001 lennox-gastaut syndrome gastaut syndrom gastaut syndrome Gastaut_Syndrome _Disease diseas disease Engel 2001 Menk Diseas engel 2001 menkes' disease _Disease Dieker_Syndrome Engel 2001 Miller-Diek syndrom dieker syndrom dieker syndrome engel 2001 miller-dieker syndrome Dieker_Syndrome Lundborg_Disease Engel 2001 Unverricht-Lundborg Diseas engel 2001 unverricht-lundborg disease lundborg diseas lundborg disease Lundborg_Disease s_Syndrome s syndrom s syndrome s_Syndrome Gastaut_Syndrome gastaut syndrom gastaut syndrome Gastaut_Syndrome s_Disease Suleiman 2013 Graves’ diseas is an antibodi mediat autoimmun disord and juvenil myoclon epilepsi (JME) has been previous associ with Grave’ disease, and may be due to thyroxin caus a lower seizur threshold (Su et al., 1993). Our case 11 was diagnos to have an idiopath myoclon epilepsi (JME) base on her age, seizur phenotype, and EEG abnormality. JME is consid to be a genet epilepsy, and inde in this case there was limit evid that the epilepsi was autoimmun despit the presenc of other autoimmun diseases, and her classif was “unknown” as she was negat for NSAbs and receiv no immunotherapy. s diseas s disease suleiman 2013 graves’ disease is an antibody mediated autoimmune disorder and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (jme) has been previously associated with grave’s disease, and may be due to thyroxine causing a lower seizure threshold (su et al., 1993). our case 11 was diagnosed to have an idiopathic myoclonic epilepsy (jme) based on her age, seizure phenotype, and eeg abnormality. jme is considered to be a genetic epilepsy, and indeed in this case there was limited evidence that the epilepsy was autoimmune despite the presence of other autoimmune diseases, and her classification was “unknown” as she was negative for nsabs and received no immunotherapy. s_Disease s_Disease Engel 2001 Huntington diseas engel 2001 huntington disease s diseas s disease s_Disease _Disease diseas disease Engel 2001 Menk Diseas engel 2001 menkes' disease _Disease s_Paralysis JB: Onli in seizures, lack of movement follow a seizure, as a postict phenomenon (like confus or blindness; a negat incarn of anyth that a seizur can do in a posit fashion) jb: only in seizures, lack of movement following a seizure, as a postictal phenomenon (like confusion or blindness; a negative incarnation of anything that a seizure can do in a positive fashion) s paralysi s paralysis s_Paralysis