en Adam Goldstein Alan Ruttenberg Albert Goldfain Alison Wright Barry Smith Barry Smith Bjoern Peters Carlo Torniai Chris Mungall Chris Stoeckert Christian A. Boelling Darren Natale David Osumi-Sutherland Gwen Frishkoff Holger Stenzhorn James A. Overton James Malone Janna Hastings Jeanette Alicia Chacón Candia Jennifer Fostel Jie Zheng Jonathan Rees Larisa Soldatova Lawrence Hunter Mark Jensen Mathias Brochhausen Matt Brush Melanie Courtot Michel Dumontier Neil Otte Paolo Ciccarese Pat Hayes Paulina Schenk Philippe Rocca-Serra Randy Dipert Ron Rudnicki Satya Sahoo Sivaram Arabandi Werner Ceusters William Duncan William Hogan Yongqun (Oliver) He Alan Ruttenberg Albert Goldfain Anand Kumar Barry Smith Bill Hogan Brian Aevermann Cornelius Rosse Daniel Merico Jie Zheng Lindsay Cowell Richard Scheuermann Sivaram Arabandi Werner Ceusters 2009-08-07 The Mental Disease Ontology is developed to facilitate representation for all aspects of mental disease. It is an extension of the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) and Mental Functioning Ontology (MF). The Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) is an ontology of entities involved in a clinical encounter. OGMS includes very general terms that are used across medical disciplines, including: 'disease', 'disorder', 'disease course', 'diagnosis', 'patient', and 'healthcare provider'. OGMS uses the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as an upper-level ontology. The scope of OGMS is restricted to humans, but many terms can be applied to a variety of organisms. OGMS provides a formal theory of disease that can be further elaborated by specific disease ontologies. This theory is implemented using OWL-DL and OBO Relation Ontology relations and is available in OWL and OBO formats. OGMS is based on the papers Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis and On Carcinomas and Other Pathological Entities. The ontology attempts to address some of the issues raised at the Workshop on Ontology of Diseases (Dallas, TX) and the Signs, Symptoms, and Findings Workshop(Milan, Italy). OGMS was formerly called the clinical phenotype ontology. Terms from OGMS hang from the Basic Formal Ontology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Mental Disease Ontology Mental Functioning Ontology Ontology for General Medical Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ OBO-Edit 2.3.1 30:01:2015 17:00 disease_ontology 1.2 emitraka A slim of BFO with only object selected properties. Core mental functioning ontology classes and properties. MD-core.owl -- the core content of the Mental Disease ontology branch of the Mental Functioning ontology project. To be imported into the full ontology project. The Mental Disease Ontology was first described in the publication 'Foundations for a realist ontology of mental disease' (Barry Smith and Werner Ceusters) which is available at http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 . The Mental Functioning Ontology (MF) was first described in the publication available at http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 entitled 'Foundations for a realist ontology of mental disease' (Barry Smith and Werner Ceusters). The Mental Functioning Ontology is an overarching ontology for all aspects of mental functioning, founded on the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and related to the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS). The OWL representaions of MF and MD were split on 22 May 2012. The Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) is based on the papers Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis and On Carcinomas and Other Pathological Entities. The ontology attempts to address some of the issues raised at the Workshop on Ontology of Diseases (Dallas, TX). OGMS was formerly called the clinical phenotype ontology. Terms from OGMS hang from the Basic Formal Ontology. The latest version of OGMS is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ogms.owl The OGMS developer site is https://github.com/OGMS/ogms If you are interested in participating in the development of OGMS, please send email to baeverma The release version of the MF is now a single, merged file prepared from the source module files using the ROBOT library's merge function. This OWL version of the MF ontology was originally created by Janna Hastings and is maintained by all committers to the MF ontology project. This SLIM (only diseases of mental health) was created automatically on 04.02.2014 from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid.owl by Janna Hastings for import into the Mental Functioning Ontology -- Mental Diseases (MFOMD). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. To be imported into the full MF.owl Wherever possible uses as primary ID the DOID (Disease Ontology) ID. 2020-04-26 2021-08-19 2022-07-19 Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification. Really of interest to developers only BFO OWL specification label Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2 Person:Alan Ruttenberg Really of interest to developers only BFO CLIF specification label editor preferred term The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred term example example of usage A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status definition The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> term editor alternative label alternative term A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent) OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label alternative term definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland David Osumi-Sutherland #40 #40 VFB VFB 2018-09-21T16:43:39Z Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by symptoms code DSM-IV-TR code DSM-IV-TR ICD-10 code ICD-10 code ICD-10 code This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL. OBO Operations call logical characteristic of object property 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . } Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation. defined by construct DO_MGI_slim DO cancer slim GOLD TopNodes_DOcancerslim gram-negative bacterial infectious disease gram-positive bacterial infectious disease sexually transmitted infectious disease tick-borne infectious disease zoonotic infectious disease subset_property has_alternative_id An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 database_cross_reference An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym has_narrow_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has_obo_format_version has_obo_namespace An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym has_related_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 in_subset BFO_0000052 BFO_0000052s BFO_0000052ed inheres in at all times BFO_0000056 BFO_0000056s BFO_0000056ed participates in at some time BFO_0000057 BFO_0000057s BFO_0000057ed has participant at some time BFO_0000110 BFO_0000110s BFO_0000110ed has continuant part at all times BFO_0000111 BFO_0000111s BFO_0000111ed has proper continuant part at all times BFO_0000118 BFO_0000118s BFO_0000118ed has proper occurrent part BFO_0000163 BFO_0000163s BFO_0000163ed material basis of at all times disease_ontology complicated_by complicated_by Component parts of anatomy of tissue made up of certain cells or other body area/system or tissue types. disease_ontology composed_of composed_of Component parts of anatomy of tissue made up of certain cells or other body area/system or tissue types. DO:lh Type of tissue or cell/the source of the material. disease_ontology derives_from derives_from Type of tissue or cell/the source of the material. DO:lh disease_ontology has_material_basis_in has_material_basis_in disease_ontology has_symptom has_symptom disease_ontology inheres_in inheres_in disease_ontology is_a is_a Anatomical location. disease_ontology located_in located_in Anatomical location. DO:lh disease_ontology occurs_with occurs_with disease_ontology part_of part_of disease_ontology realized_by realized_by disease_ontology realized_by_supression_with realized_by_supression_with Development process/cause and effect/disease progress,process. disease_ontology results_in results_in Development process/cause and effect/disease progress,process. DO:lh Formation of structure,cancer,etc./cause and effect. disease_ontology results_in_formation_of results_in_formation_of Formation of structure,cancer,etc./cause and effect. DO:lh Pathogen is transmitted. disease_ontology transmitted_by transmitted_by Pathogen is transmitted. DO:lh BFO:0000001 entity Entity Julius Caesar Verdi’s Requiem the Second World War your body mass index BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81 Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) entity An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001]) Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf per discussion with Barry Smith BFO:0000002 continuant Continuant BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240 Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] continuant Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001]) if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002]) if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002]) (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001] (forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002] (forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002] BFO:0000003 occurrent Occurrent BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players. Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] occurrent Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process. per discussion with Barry Smith Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame. An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002]) Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001]) b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001]) (forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001] (forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001] BFO:0000004 ic IndependentContinuant a chair a heart a leg a molecule a spatial region an atom an orchestra. an organism the bottom right portion of a human torso the interior of your mouth b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] independent continuant b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002]) For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001]) For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002]) (forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001] (forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002] (iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002] BFO:0000006 s-region SpatialRegion BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes. Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] spatial region Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional. per discussion with Barry Smith A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001]) All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001]) (forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001] BFO:0000008 t-region TemporalRegion Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] temporal region Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional per discussion with Barry Smith A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001]) All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001]) Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002]) (forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002] (forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001] (forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001] BFO:0000009 2d-s-region TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion an infinitely thin plane in space. the surface of a sphere-shaped part of space A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] two-dimensional spatial region A two-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of two dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [039-001]) (forall (x) (if (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [039-001] BFO:0000011 st-region SpatiotemporalRegion the spatiotemporal region occupied by a human life the spatiotemporal region occupied by a process of cellular meiosis. the spatiotemporal region occupied by the development of a cancer tumor A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region occupies_spatiotemporal_region itself. Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] spatiotemporal region A spatiotemporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of spacetime. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [095-001]) All parts of spatiotemporal regions are spatiotemporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [096-001]) Each spatiotemporal region at any time t projects_onto some spatial region at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [099-001]) Each spatiotemporal region projects_onto some temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [098-001]) Every spatiotemporal region s is such that s occupies_spatiotemporal_region s. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [107-002]) (forall (r) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [107-002] (forall (x t) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (SpatialRegion y) (spatiallyProjectsOntoAt x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [099-001] (forall (x y) (if (and (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (SpatioTemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [096-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [095-001] (forall (x) (if (SpatioTemporalRegion x) (exists (y) (and (TemporalRegion y) (temporallyProjectsOnto x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [098-001] BFO:0000015 process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] BFO:0000016 disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type. b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] BFO:0000017 realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] BFO:0000018 0d-s-region ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] zero-dimensional spatial region A zero-dimensional spatial region is a point in space. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [037-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [037-001] BFO:0000019 quality Quality the ambient temperature of this portion of air the color of a tomato the length of the circumference of your waist the mass of this piece of gold. the shape of your nose the shape of your nostril a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] quality a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001]) If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001]) (forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001] (forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001] BFO:0000020 sdc SpecificallyDependentContinuant Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates. the disposition of this fish to decay the function of this heart: to pump blood the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79 the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center the role of being a doctor the shape of this hole. the smell of this portion of mozzarella b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] specifically dependent continuant b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003]) Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc. per discussion with Barry Smith (iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003] BFO:0000023 role Role John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. the priest role the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories the role of a building in serving as a military target the role of a stone in marking a property boundary the role of subject in a clinical trial the student role BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives. b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] role b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001]) (forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001] BFO:0000024 fiat-object-part FiatObjectPart or with divisions drawn by cognitive subjects for practical reasons, such as the division of a cake (before slicing) into (what will become) slices (and thus member parts of an object aggregate). However, this does not mean that fiat object parts are dependent for their existence on divisions or delineations effected by cognitive subjects. If, for example, it is correct to conceive geological layers of the Earth as fiat object parts of the Earth, then even though these layers were first delineated in recent times, still existed long before such delineation and what holds of these layers (for example that the oldest layers are also the lowest layers) did not begin to hold because of our acts of delineation.Treatment of material entity in BFOExamples viewed by some as problematic cases for the trichotomy of fiat object part, object, and object aggregate include: a mussel on (and attached to) a rock, a slime mold, a pizza, a cloud, a galaxy, a railway train with engine and multiple carriages, a clonal stand of quaking aspen, a bacterial community (biofilm), a broken femur. Note that, as Aristotle already clearly recognized, such problematic cases – which lie at or near the penumbra of instances defined by the categories in question – need not invalidate these categories. The existence of grey objects does not prove that there are not objects which are black and objects which are white; the existence of mules does not prove that there are not objects which are donkeys and objects which are horses. It does, however, show that the examples in question need to be addressed carefully in order to show how they can be fitted into the proposed scheme, for example by recognizing additional subdivisions [29 the FMA:regional parts of an intact human body. the Western hemisphere of the Earth the division of the brain into regions the division of the planet into hemispheres the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body the upper and lower lobes of the left lung BFO 2 Reference: Most examples of fiat object parts are associated with theoretically drawn divisions b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] fiat object part b is a fiat object part = Def. b is a material entity which is such that for all times t, if b exists at t then there is some object c such that b proper continuant_part of c at t and c is demarcated from the remainder of c by a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [027-004]) (forall (x) (if (FiatObjectPart x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y) (and (Object y) (properContinuantPartOfAt x y t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [027-004] BFO:0000026 1d-s-region OneDimensionalSpatialRegion an edge of a cube-shaped portion of space. A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] one-dimensional spatial region A one-dimensional spatial region is a line or aggregate of lines stretching from one point in space to another. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [038-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [038-001] BFO:0000027 object-aggregate ObjectAggregate a collection of cells in a blood biobank. a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds a symphony orchestra an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team) defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint the aggregate of blood cells in your body the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere the restaurants in Palo Alto your collection of Meissen ceramic plates. An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee). ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] object aggregate An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158. b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004]) (forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004] BFO:0000028 3d-s-region ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion a cube-shaped region of space a sphere-shaped region of space, A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] three-dimensional spatial region A three-dimensional spatial region is a spatial region that is of three dimensions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [040-001]) (forall (x) (if (ThreeDimensionalSpatialRegion x) (SpatialRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [040-001] BFO:0000029 site Site Manhattan Canyon) a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese a rabbit hole an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport the Grand Canyon the Piazza San Marco the cockpit of an aircraft the hold of a ship the interior of a kangaroo pouch the interior of the trunk of your car the interior of your bedroom the interior of your office the interior of your refrigerator the lumen of your gut your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity) b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] site b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002]) (forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002] BFO:0000030 object Object atom cell cells and organisms engineered artifacts grain of sand molecule organelle organism planet solid portions of matter star BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting. BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below). BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47 BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74 b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) object b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001]) BFO:0000031 gdc GenericallyDependentContinuant The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity. the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule. b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] generically dependent continuant b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001]) (iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001] BFO:0000034 function Function the function of a hammer to drive in nails the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc. A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] function A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001]) (forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001] BFO:0000035 p-boundary ProcessBoundary the boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life. p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] process boundary p is a process boundary =Def. p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [084-001]) Every process boundary occupies_temporal_region a zero-dimensional temporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [085-002]) (forall (x) (if (ProcessBoundary x) (exists (y) (and (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion y) (occupiesTemporalRegion x y))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [085-002] (iff (ProcessBoundary a) (exists (p) (and (Process p) (temporalPartOf a p) (not (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [084-001] BFO:0000038 1d-t-region OneDimensionalTemporalRegion the temporal region during which a process occurs. BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks). A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] one-dimensional temporal region A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001]) (forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001] BFO:0000040 material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60 BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity. BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] BFO:0000140 cf-boundary ContinuantFiatBoundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) BFO 2 Reference: In BFO 1.1 the assumption was made that the external surface of a material entity such as a cell could be treated as if it were a boundary in the mathematical sense. The new document propounds the view that when we talk about external surfaces of material objects in this way then we are talking about something fiat. To be dealt with in a future version: fiat boundaries at different levels of granularity.More generally, the focus in discussion of boundaries in BFO 2.0 is now on fiat boundaries, which means: boundaries for which there is no assumption that they coincide with physical discontinuities. The ontology of boundaries becomes more closely allied with the ontology of regions. BFO 2 Reference: a continuant fiat boundary is a boundary of some material entity (for example: the plane separating the Northern and Southern hemispheres; the North Pole), or it is a boundary of some immaterial entity (for example of some portion of airspace). Three basic kinds of continuant fiat boundary can be distinguished (together with various combination kinds [29 Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. Every continuant fiat boundary is located at some spatial region at every time at which it exists (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] continuant fiat boundary b is a continuant fiat boundary = Def. b is an immaterial entity that is of zero, one or two dimensions and does not include a spatial region as part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [029-001]) Continuant fiat boundary doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary and a one dimensional continuant fiat boundary that doesn't overlap it. The situation is analogous to temporal and spatial regions. (iff (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ImmaterialEntity a) (exists (b) (and (or (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b)) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))) (not (exists (c t) (and (SpatialRegion c) (continuantPartOfAt c a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [029-001] BFO:0000141 immaterial ImmaterialEntity BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10 immaterial entity BFO:0000142 1d-cf-boundary OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary The Equator all geopolitical boundaries all lines of latitude and longitude the line separating the outer surface of the mucosa of the lower lip from the outer surface of the skin of the chin. the median sulcus of your tongue a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a one-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a continuous fiat line whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [032-001]) (iff (OneDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (OneDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [032-001] BFO:0000144 process-profile ProcessProfile On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance. The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on. b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] process profile b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002]) b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005]) (forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005] (iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002] BFO:0000145 r-quality RelationalQuality John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married. a marriage bond, an instance of requited love, an obligation between one person and another. b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] relational quality b is a relational quality = Def. for some independent continuants c, d and for some time t: b quality_of c at t & b quality_of d at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [057-001]) (iff (RelationalQuality a) (exists (b c t) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (IndependentContinuant c) (qualityOfAt a b t) (qualityOfAt a c t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [057-001] BFO:0000146 2d-cf-boundary TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary a two-dimensional continuant fiat boundary (surface) is a self-connected fiat surface whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [033-001]) (iff (TwoDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (TwoDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [033-001] BFO:0000147 0d-cf-boundary ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary the geographic North Pole the point of origin of some spatial coordinate system. the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary zero dimension continuant fiat boundaries are not spatial points. Considering the example 'the quadripoint where the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona meet' : There are many frames in which that point is zooming through many points in space. Whereas, no matter what the frame, the quadripoint is always in the same relation to the boundaries of Colorado, Utah, New Mexico, and Arizona. requested by Melanie Courtot a zero-dimensional continuant fiat boundary is a fiat point whose location is defined in relation to some material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [031-001]) (iff (ZeroDimensionalContinuantFiatBoundary a) (and (ContinuantFiatBoundary a) (exists (b) (and (ZeroDimensionalSpatialRegion b) (forall (t) (locatedInAt a b t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [031-001] BFO:0000148 0d-t-region ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion a temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary right now the moment at which a child is born the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident the moment of death. temporal instant. A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] zero-dimensional temporal region A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is without extent. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [102-001]) (forall (x) (if (ZeroDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [102-001] BFO:0000182 history History A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) history A history is a process that is the sum of the totality of processes taking place in the spatiotemporal region occupied by a material entity or site, including processes on the surface of the entity or within the cavities to which it serves as host. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [138-001]) An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. ICD10CM:F84.5 MSH:D020817 OMIM:300494 OMIM:300497 OMIM:608631 OMIM:608638 OMIM:608781 OMIM:609954 ORDO:1162 disease_ontology DOID:0050432 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Asperger syndrome DOID:0050432 An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior and interests. It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asperger_syndrome url:www.neurodevnet.ca An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable plucking of ones hair. OMIM:613229 disease_ontology DOID:0050587 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. trichotillomania DOID:0050587 An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable plucking of ones hair. url:http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/impulse/trich.htm A sleep disorder that involves an altered circadian rhythm resulting in falling asleep in early evening and awaking very early in the morning. OMIM:604348 OMIM:615224 ORDO:164736 familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome disease_ontology DOID:0050628 Xref MGI. advanced sleep phase syndrome DOID:0050628 A sleep disorder that involves an altered circadian rhythm resulting in falling asleep in early evening and awaking very early in the morning. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_sleep_phase_syndrome A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in severe mental and physical defects which can develop in a child when the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. The presenting features include craniofacial dysmorphology (microcephaly, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small eye openings), pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, and central nervous system dysfunction. disease_ontology DOID:0050665 fetal alcohol syndrome DOID:0050665 A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in severe mental and physical defects which can develop in a child when the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy. The presenting features include craniofacial dysmorphology (microcephaly, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, small eye openings), pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, and central nervous system dysfunction. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_syndrome url:http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/documents/WYNKDiagnosis_5_colorJA_new.pdf url:http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in most, but not all, of the growth deficiency and/or craniofacial features of fetal alcohol syndrome including central nervous system dysfunction due to prenatal alcohol exposure. disease_ontology DOID:0050666 partial fetal alcohol syndrome DOID:0050666 A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in most, but not all, of the growth deficiency and/or craniofacial features of fetal alcohol syndrome including central nervous system dysfunction due to prenatal alcohol exposure. url:http://depts.washington.edu/fasdpn/htmls/fasd-fas.htm url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder url:http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/documents/WYNKDiagnosis_5_colorJA_new.pdf A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in central nervous system dysfunction and behavioral and/or cognitive deficits due to prenatal alcohol exposure. ARND static encephalopathy disease_ontology DOID:0050667 alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder DOID:0050667 A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in central nervous system dysfunction and behavioral and/or cognitive deficits due to prenatal alcohol exposure. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder url:http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/documents/WYNKDiagnosis_5_colorJA_new.pdf A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in damage to organs, bones, or muscles due to prenatal alcohol exposure. ARBD disease_ontology DOID:0050668 alcohol-related birth defect DOID:0050668 A fetal alcohol spectrum disorder that results in damage to organs, bones, or muscles due to prenatal alcohol exposure. url:http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/documents/WYNKDiagnosis_5_colorJA_new.pdf url:http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html A specific developmental disorder and physical disorder that is characterized by physical, behavioral and learning birth defects resulting from maternal ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy. lschriml 2011-12-01T01:01:25Z disease_ontology DOID:0050696 fetal alcohol spectrum disorder DOID:0050696 A specific developmental disorder and physical disorder that is characterized by physical, behavioral and learning birth defects resulting from maternal ingestion of alcohol during pregnancy. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder url:http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/facts.html DOID:0050741 A substance addiction in which the substance that is compulsively consumed is alcohol (CHEBI:30879). 309.90 [DSM-IV code] F10 [ICD-10 Code] Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of alcohol [ICD-10] alcohol addiction alcohol dependence [DSM-IV] lschriml 2012-09-05T11:48:42Z EFO:0003829 KEGG:05034 OMIM:103780 disease_ontology DOID:0050741 alcohol dependence MFOMD_0000060 DOID:0050741 DOID:0050742 A substance addiction in which the substance compulsively consumed is nicotine (CHEBI:18723). 305.1 [DSM-IV Code] F17 [ICD-10 Code] Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of tobacco [ICD-10] nicotine addiction nicotine dependence [DSM-IV] lschriml 2012-09-05T11:48:42Z EFO:0003768 OMIM:188890 disease_ontology DOID:0050742 nicotine dependence MFOMD_0000062 DOID:0050742 lschriml 2013-02-21T12:06:40Z OMIM:300143 OMIM:300210 OMIM:300387 OMIM:300436 OMIM:300558 OMIM:300716 OMIM:300844 OMIM:300849 MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 95 MRX nonsyndromic X-linked mental retardation disease_ontology DOID:0050776 non-specific X-linked mental retardation DOID:0050776 DOID:0050847 A sleep disorder characterized by repeated cessation and commencing of breathing that repeatedly disrupts sleep. A sleep disorder of the upper respiratory system that causes the person to stop breathing while asleep. lschriml 2014-03-20T03:57:22Z disease_ontology DOID:0050847 sleep apnea MFOMD_0000193 DOID:0050847 A sleep disorder characterized by repeated cessation and commencing of breathing that repeatedly disrupts sleep. url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/basics/definition/con-20020286 url:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2765300/ url:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/ A sleep apnea that is characterized by repeated collapse and obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, which results in reduced airflow (hypopnea) or complete airflow cessation (apnea), oxygen desaturation, and arousals from sleep. lschriml 2014-03-20T03:57:22Z ICD10CM:G47.3 ICD9CM:327.23 MSH:D012891 OMIM:107650 obstructive sleep apnea syndrome disease_ontology DOID:0050848 Xref MGI. obstructive sleep apnea DOID:0050848 A sleep apnea that is characterized by repeated collapse and obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, which results in reduced airflow (hypopnea) or complete airflow cessation (apnea), oxygen desaturation, and arousals from sleep. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/basics/definition/con-20020286 url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000811.htm url:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK63555/#executivesummary.s1 lschriml 2014-04-15T04:03:08Z disease_ontology DOID:0050856 oppositional defiant disorder DOID:0050856 An intellectual disability that is characterized by the presence of associated medical and behavioral sign and symptoms. lschriml 2014-08-14T10:55:32Z OMIM:300486 OMIM:300860 OMIM:309583 disease_ontology DOID:0050888 syndromic intellectual disability DOID:0050888 An intellectual disability that is characterized by the presence of associated medical and behavioral sign and symptoms. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability An intellectual disability that is characterized by the absence of associated medical and behavioral signs and symptoms. lschriml 2014-08-14T10:57:36Z OMIM:613192 OMIM:614202 disease_ontology DOID:0050889 non-syndromic intellectual disability DOID:0050889 An intellectual disability that is characterized by the absence of associated medical and behavioral signs and symptoms. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectual_disability url:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2974911/ A substance-related disorder that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and alcohol. disease_ontology DOID:0060001 withdrawal disorder DOID:0060001 A substance-related disorder that occurs upon the abrupt discontinuation/separation or a decrease in dosage of the intake of medications, recreational drugs, and alcohol. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psycholotgical or physical development. disease_ontology DOID:0060037 developmental disorder of mental health DOID:0060037 A disease of mental health that occur during a child's developmental period between birth and age 18 resulting in retarding of the child's psycholotgical or physical development. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_disorders A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. disease_ontology DOID:0060038 specific developmental disorder DOID:0060038 A developmental disorder of mental health that categorizes specific learning disabilities and developmental disorders affecting coordination. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_developmental_disorder A developmental disorder of mental health that refers to a group of five disorders characterized by impairments in socialization and communication, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. DOID:1208 ICD9CM:299.80 UMLS_CUI:C0154451 pervasive development disorder disease_ontology DOID:0060040 pervasive developmental disorder DOID:0060040 A developmental disorder of mental health that refers to a group of five disorders characterized by impairments in socialization and communication, as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. url:http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/pdd/pdd.htm DOID:0060041 Disorders characterized by social deficits and communication difficulties, stereotyped or repetitive behaviors and interests, and in some cases, cognitive delays. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum A pervasive developmental disorder that is a spectrum of psychological conditions. The disease has_symptom widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, has_symptom severely restricted interests and has_symptom highly repetitive behavior. disease_ontology DOID:0060041 The DSM-5 diagnosis encompasses previous diagnoses (from DSM_IV-TR) of autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, and PDD-NOS. Rather than categorizing these diagnoses, the DSM-5 will adopt a dimensional approach to diagnosing disorders that fall underneath the autism spectrum umbrella. autism spectrum disorder MFOMD_0000208 DOID:0060041 A pervasive developmental disorder that is a spectrum of psychological conditions. The disease has_symptom widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, has_symptom severely restricted interests and has_symptom highly repetitive behavior. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism_spectrum_disorder url:www.neurodevnet.ca An autism spectrum disorder that involves some autistic symptoms occuring after age 3 with an abscence of all the traits necessary for a diagnosis of autism. PDD NOS disease_ontology DOID:0060042 atypical autism DOID:0060042 An autism spectrum disorder that involves some autistic symptoms occuring after age 3 with an abscence of all the traits necessary for a diagnosis of autism. url:http://counsellingresource.com/distress/autistic/autism-atypical.html url:http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-atypical-autism.htm url:www.neurodevnet.ca A disease of mental health that involves the impairment in normal sexual functioning. disease_ontology DOID:0060043 sexual disorder DOID:0060043 A disease of mental health that involves the impairment in normal sexual functioning. url:http://allpsych.com/disorders/sexual/index.html DOID:0060044 Disorder that is characterised by recurrent, intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviours that involve unusual objects, activities, or situations. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) parafilia paraphilia 302.4 Exhibitionism 302.81 Fetishism 302.89 Frotteurism 302.2 Pedophilia 302.83 Sexual Masochism 302.84 Sexual Sadism 302.3 Transvestic Fetishism 302.82 Voyeurism 302.9 Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified F65.2 Exhibitionism F65.0 Fetishism F65.8 Frotteurism F65.4 Pedophilia F65.5 Sexual Masochism F65.5 Sexual Sadism F65.1 Transvestic Fetishism F65.3 Voyeurism F65.9 Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified disease_ontology DOID:0060044 The Paraphilias include: - Pedophilia (sexual activity with a child usually 13 years old or younger) - Exhibitionism (exposure of genitals to strangers) - Voyeurism (observing private activities of unaware victims) - Frotteurism (touching, rubbing against a nonconsenting person) - Fetishism (use of inanimate objects) - Sexual masochism (being humiliated or forced to suffer) - Sexual sadism (inflicting humiliation or suffering) - Transvestic fetishism (cross-dressing) - Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified (cover paraphilias not falling into the already named diagnoses such as those involving dead people, urine, feces, enemas and obscene phone calls) http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/paraphilias paraphilia disorder MFOMD_0000085 DOID:0060044 A factitious disorder that involves a care giver's deliberate exaggeration, fabrication, and/or induce physical, psychological, behavioral, and/or mental health problems in others. disease_ontology DOID:0060045 Munchausen by proxy DOID:0060045 A factitious disorder that involves a care giver's deliberate exaggeration, fabrication, and/or induce physical, psychological, behavioral, and/or mental health problems in others. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchausen_by_proxy A language disorder that involves an acquired impairment of any laguage modality such as producting or comprehending spoken or written language. disease_ontology DOID:0060046 aphasia DOID:0060046 A language disorder that involves an acquired impairment of any laguage modality such as producting or comprehending spoken or written language. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aphasia A learning disability that involves impaired written language ability such as impairments in handwriting, spelling, organization of ideas, and composition. disease_ontology DOID:0060047 writing disorder DOID:0060047 A learning disability that involves impaired written language ability such as impairments in handwriting, spelling, organization of ideas, and composition. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability#Types_of_learning_disabilities A specific phobia that involves an irrational fear of contracting a disease. disease_ontology DOID:0060048 nosophobia DOID:0060048 A specific phobia that involves an irrational fear of contracting a disease. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosophobia An agnosia that is a loss of motion perception. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060130 akinetopsia DOID:0060130 An agnosia that is a loss of motion perception. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060131 alexithymia DOID:0060131 An agnosia that is a deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize musical notes, rhythms, and intervals. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z receptive amusia disease_ontology DOID:0060132 amusia DOID:0060132 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize musical notes, rhythms, and intervals. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to gain feedback about one's own condition or impairments. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060133 anosognosia DOID:0060133 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to gain feedback about one's own condition or impairments. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish visual shapes. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060134 apperceptive agnosia DOID:0060134 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish visual shapes. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to map out physical actions in order to repeat them in functional activities. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060135 apraxia DOID:0060135 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to map out physical actions in order to repeat them in functional activities. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize visual scenes or classes of objects but retain the abilty to describe them. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060136 associative agnosia DOID:0060136 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize visual scenes or classes of objects but retain the abilty to describe them. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguishing environmental and non-verbal auditory cues including difficulty distinguishing speech from non-speech sounds even though hearing is usually normal. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060137 auditory agnosia DOID:0060137 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguishing environmental and non-verbal auditory cues including difficulty distinguishing speech from non-speech sounds even though hearing is usually normal. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to orient parts of the body. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060138 autotopagnosia DOID:0060138 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to orient parts of the body. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize a color, while being able to perceive or distinguish it. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060139 color agnosia DOID:0060139 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize a color, while being able to perceive or distinguish it. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive any auditory information but whose hearing is intact. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060140 cortical deafness DOID:0060140 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive any auditory information but whose hearing is intact. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish the fingers on the hand. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060141 finger agnosia DOID:0060141 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to distinguish the fingers on the hand. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive a whole object while perceiving only parts of details. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060142 form agnosia DOID:0060142 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive a whole object while perceiving only parts of details. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to integrate these elements together into comprehensible perceptual wholes while recognizing elements of the whole. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060143 integrative agnosia DOID:0060143 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to integrate these elements together into comprehensible perceptual wholes while recognizing elements of the whole. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to acknowledge objects in the neglected field that are visible when a mirror reflects the object visible in the non-neglected field. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060144 mirror agnosia DOID:0060144 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to acknowledge objects in the neglected field that are visible when a mirror reflects the object visible in the non-neglected field. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z analgesia disease_ontology DOID:0060145 pain agnosia DOID:0060145 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize familiar voices. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060146 phonagnosia DOID:0060146 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize familiar voices. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to visually recognise an object while maintaining the use of non-visual sensory systems such as feeling, tapping, smelling, rocking or flicking the object to recognise the object. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060147 semantic agnosia DOID:0060147 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to visually recognise an object while maintaining the use of non-visual sensory systems such as feeling, tapping, smelling, rocking or flicking the object to recognise the object. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recgonize a whole image or scene while retianing the ability to recognize objects or details in their visual field one at a time. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060148 simultanagnosia DOID:0060148 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recgonize a whole image or scene while retianing the ability to recognize objects or details in their visual field one at a time. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive facial expression, body language and intonation, rendering them unable to non-verbally perceive people's emotions and limiting that aspect of social interaction. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z expressive agnosia disease_ontology DOID:0060149 social emotional agnosia DOID:0060149 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive facial expression, body language and intonation, rendering them unable to non-verbally perceive people's emotions and limiting that aspect of social interaction. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is the loss of the ability to recognize objects by touch based on its texture, size and weight. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z somatosensory agnosia disease_ontology DOID:0060150 astereognosia DOID:0060150 An agnosia that is the loss of the ability to recognize objects by touch based on its texture, size and weight. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize or identify objects by touch alone. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060151 tactile agnosia DOID:0060151 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize or identify objects by touch alone. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to comprehend the succession and duration of events. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060152 time agnosia DOID:0060152 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to comprehend the succession and duration of events. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to rely on visual cues to guide them directionally due to the inability to recognise objects. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060153 topographical agnosia DOID:0060153 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to rely on visual cues to guide them directionally due to the inability to recognise objects. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognising spoken words as semantically meaningful. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060154 verbal auditory agnosia DOID:0060154 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognising spoken words as semantically meaningful. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to visually recognize objects. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z MSH:C531604 disease_ontology DOID:0060155 visual agnosia DOID:0060155 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to visually recognize objects. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to comprehending the meaning of written words. lschriml 2011-08-22T12:04:56Z disease_ontology DOID:0060156 visual verbal agnosia DOID:0060156 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to comprehending the meaning of written words. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia DOID:0060163 A somatoform disorder that involves an excessive concern about and preoccupation with a perceived defect in his or her physical features (body image). The preoccupation with an imagined or exaggerated defect in physical appearance. DSM-IV-TR lschriml 2011-09-07T01:38:34Z body dysmorphia dysmorphic syndrome dysmorphophobia disease_ontology DOID:0060163 body dysmorphic disorder MFOMD_0000192 DOID:0060163 A somatoform disorder that involves an excessive concern about and preoccupation with a perceived defect in his or her physical features (body image). url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_dysmorphic_disorder DOID:0060164 A somatoform disorder characterized by a chief complaint of severe chronic pain which is neither feigned nor intentionally produced, but in which psychological factors appear to play a major role in onset, severity, exacerbation, or maintenance. A somatoform disorder that involves chronic pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress. trastorno por dolor 307.89 F45.4 lschriml 2011-09-07T01:42:46Z disease_ontology DOID:0060164 The pain cannot be fully attributed to a known medical disorder, and causes clinically significant distress, impairment, or both in social, academic, occupational, or other areas of functioning. Psychological factors are judged to play an important role in the onset, severity, exacerbation, or maintenance of the pain and the pain is not intentionally produced or better accounted for by a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or psychotic disorder. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/914594-overview In most cases the pain has persisted for many years by the time the individual comes to the attention of the mental health profession. Important factors that appear to influence recovery from pain disorder are the individual's acknowledgment of pain. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) pain disorder MFOMD_0000032 DOID:0060164 A somatoform disorder that involves chronic pain in one or more areas, and is thought to be caused by psychological stress. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_disorder A recurrent hypersomnia that is characterized by recurring periods of excessive amounts of sleep and altered behavior. lschriml 2011-09-07T02:46:02Z disease_ontology DOID:0060165 Kleine-Levin syndrome DOID:0060165 A recurrent hypersomnia that is characterized by recurring periods of excessive amounts of sleep and altered behavior. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleine-Levin_syndrome DOID:0060166 A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode; with this disorder, depressive episodes are more frequent and more intense than manic episodes. lschriml 2011-09-09T02:27:46Z disease_ontology DOID:0060166 bipolar ll disorder MFOMD_0000051 DOID:0060166 A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode; with this disorder, depressive episodes are more frequent and more intense than manic episodes. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_II DOID:0060167 A mental depression that involves presentation of depressive symptoms only during a specific season of the year. A mood disorder in which people who have normal mental health throughout most of the year experience depressive symptoms in the winter or summer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_affective_disorder winter depression winter blues summer depression summer blues seasonal depression major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern lschriml 2011-09-09T02:53:18Z winter depression disease_ontology DOID:0060167 seasonal affective disorder MFOMD_0000206 DOID:0060167 A mental depression that involves presentation of depressive symptoms only during a specific season of the year. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_affective_disorder An intellectual disability that is characterized by small head size (microcephaly), long narrow face, short stature, small testes, and intellectual deficit which follows X-linked inheritance and presents most often in males. lschriml 2011-11-08T03:21:30Z OMIM:309500 disease_ontology DOID:0060179 Renpenning syndrome DOID:0060179 An intellectual disability that is characterized by small head size (microcephaly), long narrow face, short stature, small testes, and intellectual deficit which follows X-linked inheritance and presents most often in males. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renpenning%27s_syndrome An acquired writing disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some motor dysfunction or the inability to spell. emitraka 2014-11-26T11:44:01Z ICD10CM:R48.8 disease_ontology DOID:0060223 agraphia DOID:0060223 An acquired writing disorder causing a loss in the ability to communicate through writing, either due to some motor dysfunction or the inability to spell. PMID:21507544 url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agraphia An articulation disorder characterized by involuntary sound repetition and disruption or blocking of speech. emitraka 2015-01-28T16:04:54Z ICD10CM:F98.5 ICD9CM:307.0 MSH:D013342 OMIM:184450 OMIM:609261 OMIM:614655 OMIM:614668 familial persistent stuttering stammering disease_ontology DOID:0060243 NT MGI. stuttering DOID:0060243 An articulation disorder characterized by involuntary sound repetition and disruption or blocking of speech. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering url:http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/stuttering.htm url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stutter A language disorder characterized by difficulty in language acquisition despite otherwise normal development and in the absence of any obvious explanatory factors. emitraka 2015-01-28T16:29:51Z OMIM:606711 OMIM:606712 OMIM:612514 OMIM:615432 OMIM:617134 disease_ontology DOID:0060244 NT MGI. specific language impairment DOID:0060244 A language disorder characterized by difficulty in language acquisition despite otherwise normal development and in the absence of any obvious explanatory factors. PMID:19646677 url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_language_impairment ICD9CM:306.51 MSH:D052065 NCI:C35113 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154924008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192469003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268773000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:71787009 UMLS_CUI:C0042266 Functional vaginismus Non-organic vaginismus Psychogenic Vaginismus disease_ontology DOID:10131 psychologic vaginismus DOID:10131 Functional vaginismus MTHICD9_2006:306.51 Non-organic vaginismus SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192469003 Psychogenic Vaginismus NCI2004_11_17:C35113 ICD9CM:302.79 UMLS_CUI:C0033951 disease_ontology DOID:10132 psychosexual disorder DOID:10132 ICD9CM:302.4 MSH:D005084 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154907002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191781000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192514003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268763002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:58349009 UMLS_CUI:C0015269 disease_ontology DOID:10236 exhibitionism DOID:10236 A specific developmental disorder that involves significant limitations both in mental functioning and in adaptive behavior such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills. ICD9CM:317-319.99 ICD9CM:319 MSH:D008607 NCI:C84392 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:110359009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154978008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154979000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:1855002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192157003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192557008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:228156007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268732001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:91138005 UMLS_CUI:C0025362 MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 15 disease_ontology mental retardation DOID:1059 OMIM mapping submitted by NeuroDevNet. [LS]. intellectual disability DOID:1059 A specific developmental disorder that involves significant limitations both in mental functioning and in adaptive behavior such as communicating, taking care of him or herself, and social skills. url:http://www.aamr.org/content_96.cfm?navID=20 url:http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=9&ved=0CGEQFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nichcy.org%2FDisabilities%2FSpecific%2FPages%2FIntellectualDisability.aspx&rct=j&q=%20Search%20Intellectual%20Disability%3A%20Definition%2C%20Classification%2C%20and%20Systems%20of%20Supports%20&ei=_Y7dTJ-JKoX7lweUy837DA&usg=AFQjCNHf5WD4JW8kvTc901MQ6AUr_mRPpQ&sig2=sV1yzHR9plpkHZMXYtd8iA&cad=rja url:http://www.nichcy.org/disabilities/specific/pages/intellectualdisability.aspx#WhatisID.aspx A tic disorder that is characterized by single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year. ICD9CM:307.22 MSH:D013981 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192623005 UMLS_CUI:C0008701 chronic motor or vocal tic disorder disease_ontology DOID:10600 chronic tic disorder DOID:10600 A tic disorder that is characterized by single or multiple motor or phonic tics, but not both, which are present for more than a year. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic_disorder chronic motor or vocal tic disorder ICD9CM_2006:307.22 DOID:10646 A personality disorder that involves a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs. Personality disorder that is a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad 301.22 F21 ICD9CM:301.22 MSH:D012569 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231486008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31027006 UMLS_CUI:C0036363 disease_ontology DOID:10646 People with this personality disorder manifest peculiar thoughts and behaviours and have poor interpersonal relationships. Many believe they posses magical thinking abilities or special powers, and some are subject to recurrent illusions. Speech oddities, such as frequent digression or vagueness in conversation, are often present. The evaluation of individuals must take into account their cultural milieu. The people with this disorder seem to have problems in thinking and perceiving; and often show social isolation, hypersensitivity, and inappropriate affect (emotions); they seem to lack pleasure from social interactions. Research has demonstrated some cognitive processing abnormalities in individuals with schizotypal personality disorder that help to explain many of the symptoms, and is more prevalent among the first-degree biological relatives of individuals with Schizophrenia than the general population. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) schizotypal personality disorder MFOMD_0000044 DOID:10646 A personality disorder that involves a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizotypal_personality_disorder A dementia and a tauopathy that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. It is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability. EFO:0000249 ICD10CM:G30 ICD9CM:331.0 KEGG:05010 MSH:C536597 MSH:D000544 NCI:C2866 NCI:C38778 OMIM:104300 OMIM:104310 OMIM:300756 OMIM:502500 OMIM:602096 OMIM:604154 OMIM:605526 OMIM:606187 OMIM:606889 OMIM:607116 OMIM:607822 OMIM:608907 OMIM:609636 OMIM:609790 OMIM:611073 OMIM:611152 OMIM:611154 OMIM:611155 OMIM:615080 OMIM:615590 OMIM:615711 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154998003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192160005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192164001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:267688001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:26929004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:73768007 UMLS_CUI:C0002395 AD Alzheimer disease Alzheimers dementia disease_ontology Alzheimer disease, familial DOID:10652 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Alzheimer's disease DOID:10652 A dementia and a tauopathy that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood starting and leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and physical functioning and is marked histologically by the degeneration of brain neurons especially in the cerebral cortex and by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid. It is characterized by memory lapses, confusion, emotional instability and progressive loss of mental ability. ls:IEDB url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease url:http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/alzheimer%27s%20disease url:http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet AD CSP2005:0485-6737 Alzheimers dementia NCI2004_11_17:C2866 Alzheimer disease, familial MSH:C536597 An anxiety disorder that involves the feeling of excessive and inappropriate levels of anxiety over being separated from a person to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment or place. UMLS_CUI:C1510447 disease_ontology DOID:10685 separation anxiety disorder DOID:10685 An anxiety disorder that involves the feeling of excessive and inappropriate levels of anxiety over being separated from a person to whom the individual has a strong emotional attachment or place. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_anxiety_disorder ICD9CM:302.82 MSH:D014843 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192515002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:63835008 UMLS_CUI:C0042979 disease_ontology DOID:10834 voyeurism DOID:10834 DOID:10914 A cognitive disorder where the memory is disturbed or lost and involves the loss of memories previously established, loss of the ability to create new memories, or loss of the ability to learn new information. DOID:4544 MSH:D000647 NCI:C2867 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:162199006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:247606008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:3298001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:386807006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:48167000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:78461004 UMLS_CUI:C0002622 UMLS_CUI:C0002625 Amnestic syndrome Korsakoff's psychosis or syndrome amnesia disease_ontology DOID:10914 amnestic disorder MFOMD_0000139 DOID:10914 A cognitive disorder where the memory is disturbed or lost and involves the loss of memories previously established, loss of the ability to create new memories, or loss of the ability to learn new information. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia url:http://www.minddisorders.com/A-Br/Amnestic-disorders.html Amnestic syndrome NCI2004_11_17:C35764 Korsakoff's psychosis or syndrome MTHICD9_2006:294.0 DOID:10930 A personality disorder that involves a prolonged disturbance of personality function characterized by depth and variability of moods. Personality disorder that is a pattern of inestability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Trastorno límite de la personalidad 301.83 F60.31 ICD9CM:301.83 MSH:D001883 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192488005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:20010003 UMLS_CUI:C0006012 disease_ontology DOID:10930 Persons with this disorder are impulsive, have chronic feelings of emptiness, and form unstable and intense interpersonal relationships. They may be quite friendly one day and quiet hostile the next. females are three times more likely than males to receive the diagnosis. The individuals with this disorder can empathise with and nurture other people, but only with the expectation that the other person will "be there" in return to meet their own needs on demand. this individuals are prone to sudden and dramatic shifts in their view of others, who may alternately be seen as beneficent supports or as cruelly punitive. borderline personality disorder MFOMD_0000047 DOID:10930 A personality disorder that involves a prolonged disturbance of personality function characterized by depth and variability of moods. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder DOID:10931 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. This disorder is a pattern of submissive and clinging behaviour related to and excessive need to be taking care of. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno de la personalidad por dependencia 301.6 F60.7 ICD9CM:301.6 MSH:D003859 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191768007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192492003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:84466009 UMLS_CUI:C0011548 disease_ontology DOID:10931 Individuals with this personality disorder have great difficulty making everyday decisions without an excessive amount of advice and reassurance from others, they tend to be passive and allow other people to take the initiative and assume responsibility for most major areas of their lives. This need for others goes beyond age-appropriate and situation-appropriate requests for assistance. These individuals feel so unable to function alone that they will agree with things that they feel are wrong rather than risk losing the help of those to whom they look for guidance. http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/dependent-personality-disorder dependent personality disorder MFOMD_0000066 DOID:10931 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_personality_disorder DOID:10932 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. The essential feature of this disorder is a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control, at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo de la personalidad 301.4 F60.5 ICD9CM:301.4 MSH:D003193 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:112091009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:1376001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154899005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191760000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191761001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191762008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192490006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:271200007 UMLS_CUI:C0009595 OCPD disease_ontology Anankastic personality disorder Obsessional personality DOID:10932 Individuals with this personality disorder attempt to maintain a sense of control through painstaking attention rules, trivial details, procedures, lists, schedules, or form to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost. They are excessively careful and prone to repetition, paying extraordinary attention to detail and repeatedly checking for possible mistakes; they display excessive devotion to work and productivity to the exclusion of leisure activities and friendships because they have often the feeling of not having time for that. These individuals plan ahead in meticulous detail and are unwilling to consider changes. Totally wrapped up in their own perspective, they have difficulty acknowledging the viewpoints of others. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder MFOMD_0000070 DOID:10932 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness, and efficiency. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obsessive%E2%80%93compulsive_personality_disorder Anankastic personality disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:191762008 Obsessional personality MTHICD9_2006:301.4 DOID:10933 An anxiety disorder that involves unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). Anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and persistent thoughts and feelings and repetitive, ritualized behaviors. trastorno obsesivo compulsivo The characteristics of Obsessive-compulsive disorder are: - Intrusive thoughts or images (obsessions) - Repetitive or ritualistic actions (compulsions) The most frequent symptoms in this disorder are: - contamination concerns with consequent washing - concerns about harm to self or others with consequent checking. Additional subgroups has been shown such as a cluster of symptoms of symmetry concerns and arranging rituals, and a cluster focused on hoarding. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder". Dan J Stein 301.4 F42.8 ICD9CM:300.3 MSH:D009771 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191736004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191739006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192406007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192411009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:71478004 UMLS_CUI:C0028768 Anancastic neurosis obsessive compulsive disorder disease_ontology DOID:10933 Is characterized by obsessions (intrusive, repetitive thoughts or images that produces anxiety) or compulsions (the need to perform acts or to dwell on thoughts to reduce anxiety). Frequently this two occur together, although is possible to occur separately. In this disorder are described the inability to resist or rid oneself of uncontrollable, alien, and often unacceptable thoughts or to keep from performing ritualistic acts over and over again arouses intense anxiety. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. The obsessions or compulsions in this disorder Cause marked distress, are time consuming (take longer than 1 h a day), or greatly interfere with the person's normal routine, occupational (or academic) functioning, or usual social activities or relationships. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder" Dan J Stein obsessive-compulsive disorder MFOMD_0000028 DOID:10933 An anxiety disorder that involves unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations (obsessions), or behaviors that make them feel driven to do something (compulsions). url:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001926/ Anancastic neurosis MTHICD9_2006:300.3 DOID:10934 A dissociative disorder that involves the simultaneous display of multiple distinct identities or personalities. Dissociative identity disorder(Formerly Multiple personality disorder) Is a dramatic condition in which two or more relatively independent personalities appear to exist in one person. Understanding abnormal behavior. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Su dissociative identity disorder trastorno de identidad disociativo 300.14 F44.81 ICD9CM:300.14 MSH:D009105 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192428007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31611000 UMLS_CUI:C0026773 Dissociative identity disorder disease_ontology DOID:10934 The relationship among the multiple personalities in the individual are often complex. Only one personality is evident at any one time, and the alternation of personalities usually produces periods of amnesia in the personality that has been displaces. However, one or several personalities may be aware of the existence of the others. The personalities usually differ from one another and sometimes are direct opposite. The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance or a general medical condition. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) multiple personality disorder MFOMD_0000077 DOID:10934 A dissociative disorder that involves the simultaneous display of multiple distinct identities or personalities. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative_identity_disorder Dissociative identity disorder ICD9CM_2006:300.14 DOID:10935 A disease of mental health in which the normally well-integrated functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness are separated (dissociated). The essential feature of the Dissociative Disorders is a disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. The disturbance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastornos disociativos DOID:4963 ICD9CM:300.15 MSH:D004213 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154883004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:44376007 UMLS_CUI:C0012746 UMLS_CUI:C0041857 dissociative disease dissociative reaction disease_ontology DOID:10935 dissociative disorder MFOMD_0000074 DOID:10935 A disease of mental health in which the normally well-integrated functions of memory, identity, perception, or consciousness are separated (dissociated). url:http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-Fi/Dissociative-amnesia.html dissociative reaction CSP2005:2483-7018 DOID:10936 A personality disorder that is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness and sometimes sexual apathy, with a simultaneous rich, elaborate and exclusively internal fantasy world. Personality disorder where the essential feature is a pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Trastorno esquizoide de la personalidad 301.20 F60.1 ICD9CM:301.2 ICD9CM:301.20 MSH:D012557 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191756003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191758002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192486009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:52954000 UMLS_CUI:C0036339 disease_ontology DOID:10936 Individuals with this personality disorder appear to lack a desire for intimacy, seem indifferent to opportunities to develop close relationships, and do not seem to derive much satisfaction from being part of a family or other social group. They prefer expending time by themselves, rather than been with other people, and often appear to be socially isolated or "loners" and almost always choose solitary activities or hobbies that do not include interaction with others. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Some studies have shown that schizoid personality disorder is associated with a cold, unempathic, and emotionally impoverished childhood. Whether there is a genetic predisposition to the disorder is not clear. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. schizoid personality disorder MFOMD_0000043 DOID:10936 A personality disorder that is characterized by a lack of interest in social relationships, a tendency towards a solitary lifestyle, secretiveness, emotional coldness and sometimes sexual apathy, with a simultaneous rich, elaborate and exclusively internal fantasy world. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizoid_personality_disorder DOID:10937 A disease of mental health that involves a failure to resist an impulsive act or behaviour that may be harmful to self or others. This section include disorders of impulse control that are not classified as part of the presentation of disorders in other sections of the DSM-IV-TR.DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastornos del control de los impulsos no clasificados en otros apartados 312.34 Intermittent explosive disorder 312.32 Kleptomania 312.33 Pyromania 312.31 Pathological gambling 312.39 Trichotillomania 312.30 Impulse-control disorder not otherwise specified F63.8 Intermittent explosive disorder F63.2 Kleptomania F63.1 Pyromania F63.0 Pathological gambling F63.3 Trichotillomania F63.9 Impulse-control disorder not otherwise specified ICD9CM:312.30 MSH:D007174 NCI:C34723 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192095006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192098008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:66347000 UMLS_CUI:C0021122 disease_ontology DOID:10937 The disorders include in this section are: - Intermittent explosive disorder.- Disorder characterised by discrete episodes of failure to resist aggressive impulses resulting in serious assaults or destruction of property. - Kleptomania .- Disorder characterised by the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal objects not needed for personal use or monetary value. - Pyromania.- Disorder characterised by a pattern of fire setting for pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension. - Pathological gambling .- Disorder characterised by recurrent and persistent maladaptive gambling behaviour. - Trichotillomania .- Disorder characterised by recurrent pulling out of one's hair for pleasure, gratification, or relief of tension that results in noticeable hair loss. - Impulse-control disorder not otherwise specified.- Is included for coding disorders of impulse control that do not meet the criteria for any of the specific Impulse-Control Disorders. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) impulse control disorder MFOMD_0000090 DOID:10937 A disease of mental health that involves a failure to resist an impulsive act or behaviour that may be harmful to self or others. url:http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/impulse/overview.htm DOID:10938 A personality disorder that is characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. Pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others&apos; motives are interpreted as malevolent. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno paranoide de la personalidad 301.0 F60.0 ICD9CM:301.0 MSH:D010260 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:13601005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154896003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191750009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192485008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:270529002 UMLS_CUI:C0030477 disease_ontology DOID:10938 People with this disorder show unwarranted suspiciousness, hypersensitivity, and reluctant to trust others. They interpret others' motives as being malevolent, question their loyalty or trustworthiness, persistently bear grudges, or are suspicious of the fidelity of their spouses. Many persons with this disorder fail to go for treatment because of their guardedness and mistrust. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. This disorder may be first apparent in childhood and adolescence with solitariness, poor peer relationships, social anxiety, underachievement in school, hypersensitivity, peculiar thoughts and language, and idiosyncratic fantasies. These children may appear to be "odd: or "eccentric" and attract teasing. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) paranoid personality disorder MFOMD_0000042 DOID:10938 A personality disorder that is characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_personality_disorder DOID:10939 A personality disorder that involves a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. Personality disorder that is a pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno antisocial de la personalidad 1.- superficial charm and good intelligence 2.- shallow emotions and lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse 3.- behaviours indicative of little life plan or order 4.- failure to learn from experiences and absence of anxiety 5.- unreliability, insincerity, and untruthfulness "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. 301.7 F60.2 ICD9CM:301.7 MSH:D000987 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191769004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191777000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192487000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:26665006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268759009 UMLS_CUI:C0003431 Asocial personality Dissocial personality disorder Psychopath.personality Psychopathic personality Psychopathic personality disorder sociopathic personality disease_ontology DOID:10939 The indicators of this disorder are chronic antisocial behavioural patterns, such as a failure to conform to social or legal codes, a lack of anxiety and guilt, and irresponsible behaviours. People with this disorder show little guilt for their wrongdoing, which may include lying, using other people, and aggressive sexual acts. Their relationship with others are superficial and fleeting and involve little loyalty. Antisocial personality disorder is more prevalent among men than women, and among the first-degree biological relatives of those with the disorder than the general population. The risk to biological relatives of females with the disorder tends to be higher than the risk to biological relatives of males with the disorder. Both adopted and biological children of parents with this disorder have and increased risk of developing it. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. antisocial personality disorder MFOMD_0000045 DOID:10939 A personality disorder that involves a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisocial_personality_disorder Asocial personality MTHICD9_2006:301.7 Dissocial personality disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192487000 Psychopath.personality SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:268759009 Psychopathic personality SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:191777000 Psychopathic personality disorder MTHICD9_2006:301.9 sociopathic personality CSP2005:2483-7185 DOID:1094 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity, with each behavior occurring infrequently alone" and symptoms starting before seven years of age. Mental disease that causes difficulties in concentrating and performing tasks, particularly in children. 314.01 [DSM-IV Code] ADHD attention deficit - hyperactivity disorder [DSM-IV] DOID:1093 EFO:0003888 ICD10CM:F90 ICD9CM:314.00 MSH:D001289 NCI:C35092 OMIM:143465 OMIM:608903 OMIM:608904 OMIM:608905 OMIM:608906 OMIM:612311 OMIM:612312 OMIM:613003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:23148009 UMLS_CUI:C0041671 UMLS_CUI:C0154629 ADHD attention deficit disorder hyperkinetic disorder disease_ontology DOID:1094 Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric and a neurobehavioral disorder. It is characterized by either significant difficulties of inattention or hyperactivity and impulsiveness or a combination of the two. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), symptoms emerge before seven years of age. There are three subtypes of the disorder which consist of it being predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI or ADHD-I), predominately hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI or ADHD-H), or the two combined (ADHD-C). Oftentimes people refer to ADHD-PI as "Attention deficit disorder" (ADD), however, the term was revised in the 1994 version of the DSM. ADHD impacts school-aged children and results in restlessness, acting impulsively, and lack of focus which impairs their ability to learn properly. It is the most commonly studied and diagnosed psychiatric disorder in children, affecting about 3 to 5 percent of children globally and diagnosed in about 2 to 16 percent of school-aged children. It is a chronic disorder with 30 to 50 percent of those individuals diagnosed in childhood continuing to have symptoms into adulthood. Adolescents and adults with ADHD tend to develop coping mechanisms to compensate for some or all of their impairments. It is estimated that 4.7 percent of American adults live with ADHD. Standardized rating scales such as the World Health Organization's Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale can be used for ADHD screening and assessment of the disorder's symptoms' severity. ADHD is diagnosed two to four times more frequently in boys than in girls, though studies suggest this discrepancy may be partially due to subjective bias of referring teachers. ADHD management usually involves some combination of medications, applied behavior analysis (ABA, previously known as behavior modification), lifestyle changes, and counseling. Its symptoms can be difficult to differentiate from other disorders, increasing the likelihood that the diagnosis of ADHD will be missed. In addition, most clinicians have not received formal training in the assessment and treatment of ADHD, in particular in adult patients. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder] The onset criterion on this disorder has been changed from “symptoms that caused impairment were present before age 7 years” to “several inattentive or hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were present prior to age 12”. www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes from dsm-iv-tr to dsm-5.pdf Xref MGI. attention deficit hyperactivity disorder MFOMD_0000008 DOID:1094 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity, with each behavior occurring infrequently alone" and symptoms starting before seven years of age. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention-Deficit_Hyperactivity_Disorder DOID:11037 A dissociative disorder where he continuity of the patient's memory is disrupted. Patients with dissociative amnesia have recurrent episodes in which they forget important personal information or events, usually connected with trauma or severe stress. Is the partial or total loss of important information, sometimes occurring suddenly after stressful or traumatic event. Understanding abnormal behavior. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. amnesia disociativa 300.12 F44.0 ICD9CM:300.12 MSH:D000647 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191716000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192420000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:84209002 UMLS_CUI:C0236795 psychogenic amnesia disease_ontology DOID:11037 The disturb person may be unable to recall information such as his or her name, address, friends, and relatives but does remember the necessities of daily life. This disorder most commonly presents as a retrospectively reported gap or series of gaps in recall for aspects of the individual's life history. These gaps are usually related to traumatic or extremely stressful events. There are five types of memory disturbances in dissociative amnesia that vary in terms of the degree and type of memory that is lost: - localised amnesia.- the individual fails to recall events that occurred during a circumscribed period of time, usually the first few hours following a profoundly disturbing event. - selective amnesia.- the person can recall some, but not all, of the events during a circumscribed period of time. - generalised amnesia.- failure of recall encompasses the person's entire life. - systematised amnesia.- loss of memory for certain categories of information, such as all memories relating to one's family or to a particular person. - continuous amnesia.- is defined as the inability to recall events subsequent to a specific time un to and including the present. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) dissociative amnesia MFOMD_0000075 DOID:11037 A dissociative disorder where he continuity of the patient's memory is disrupted. Patients with dissociative amnesia have recurrent episodes in which they forget important personal information or events, usually connected with trauma or severe stress. url:http://www.minddisorders.com/Del-Fi/Dissociative-amnesia.html psychogenic amnesia CSP2005:2483-7018 DOID:11038 A dissociative disorder in which the sufferer is affected by persistent or recurrent feelings of depersonalization and/or derealization. Disorder characterized by a persistent or recurrent feeling of being detached from one’s mental processes or body that is accompanied by interact reality testing. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno de despersonalización 300.6 F48.1 ICD9CM:300.6 MSH:D003861 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:70764005 UMLS_CUI:C0683416 Neurotic derealization disease_ontology DOID:11038 The individual with this disorder may feel like an automaton or as if he or she is leaving in a dream or a movie. There may be a sensation of being an outside observer of one's mental processes, one's body, or parts of one's body. Various types of sensory anaesthesia, lack of affective response, and sensation of lacking control of one's actions, including speech, are often present. Like other dissociative disorders, this one can be precipitated by physical or psychological stress. There is some evidence that emotional abuse, especially by parents, may be related to this disorder. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. depersonalization disorder MFOMD_0000078 DOID:11038 A dissociative disorder in which the sufferer is affected by persistent or recurrent feelings of depersonalization and/or derealization. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depersonalization_disorder Neurotic derealization MTHICD9_2006:300.6 A tic disorder that is characterized by multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic present for more than a year. EFO:0004895 ICD9CM:307.23 MSH:D005879 NCI:C35078 OMIM:137580 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154936002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192624004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268778009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:39098006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:5158005 UMLS_CUI:C0040517 Guinon's disease Psychogenic tics Tourette syndrome motor-verbal tic disorder disease_ontology DOID:11119 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Gilles de la Tourette syndrome DOID:11119 A tic disorder that is characterized by multiple physical (motor) tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic present for more than a year. url:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1182258-overview url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic_disorder url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourette%27s_disorder Guinon's disease CSP2005:2042-5068 Psychogenic tics SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:268778009 motor-verbal tic disorder MTHICD9_2006:307.23 ICD9CM:302.76 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154905005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192470002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268762007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:41021005 UMLS_CUI:C0154466 Dyspareunia, psychogenic Non-organic dyspareunia Psychologic dyspareunia (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:11120 psychologic dyspareunia DOID:11120 Dyspareunia, psychogenic ICD9CM_2006:302.76 Non-organic dyspareunia SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192470002 Psychologic dyspareunia (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:41021005 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences. ICD9CM:305.5 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:5602001 UMLS_CUI:C0029095 disease_ontology DOID:11206 opioid abuse DOID:11206 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of opioid drugs despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid DOID:11257 A phobic disorder that involves social anxiety occurring only in specific public or social situations, interactions with others or being evaluated or scrutinized by other people. Is characterised by clinically significant anxiety provoked by exposure to certain types of social or performance situations, often leading to avoidance behaviour. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) fobia social Individuals with Social Phobia almost always experience symptoms of anxiety , such as: - palpitations - tremors - sweating - gastrointestinal discomfort, diarrhoea - muscle tension - blushing - confusion http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=w_HajjMnjxwC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=social+phobia+symptoms+dsm+iv&ots=i7TQ8qcO8C&sig=7U7UHMprbc5VaLks9rhHl3LJX4E#v=onepage&q=social%20phobia%20symptoms%20dsm%20iv&f=true 300.23 F40.1 ICD9CM:300.23 MSH:D010698 NCI:C34927 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192395002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:25501002 UMLS_CUI:C0031572 disease_ontology DOID:11257 An individual with this phobia avoids or endures these situations, which often lead to intense anxiety reactions or panic attacks. The person's fear stems foam anxiety that, when in the company of others, he or she will perform one or more activities in a way that is embarrassing or humiliating. There is no such a fear when the person engages in any of these activities in private. People with this phobia, usually realise that their behaviour and fears are irrational, but this understanding does not reduce the distress they feel. Social phobias can be divided into three types: 1.- Performance (excessive anxiety over activities such as playing a musical instrument, public speaking, eating in a restaurant, using public restrooms). 2.- Limited interactional (excessive fear only in specific social situations, such as going out on a date or interacting with an authority figure). 3.- Generalized (extreme anxiety displayed in most social situations; where multiple social fears were present, including fears of public speaking, using the toilet away from home, eating or drinking in public, and writing with someone watching). "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. social phobia MFOMD_0000018 DOID:11257 A phobic disorder that involves social anxiety occurring only in specific public or social situations, interactions with others or being evaluated or scrutinized by other people. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_phobia DOID:11328 A psychotic disorder that involves schizophrenia symptoms over time period of one month. Is characterised by a symptomatic presentation that is equivalent to schizophrenia except for its duration (i.e., the disturbance last from 1 to 6 months) and the absence of requirement that there be a decline in functioning. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 295.40 F20.8 ICD9CM:295.4 MSH:D011618 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:88975006 UMLS_CUI:C0036358 disease_ontology DOID:11328 schizophreniform disorder MFOMD_0000092 DOID:11328 A psychotic disorder that involves schizophrenia symptoms over time period of one month. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophreniform_disorder A language disorder that involves difficulties with verbal and written expression characterized by an ability to use expressive spoken language that is markedly below the appropriate level for the mental age, but with a language comprehension that is within normal limits. ICD9CM:315.31 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192565006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:229733002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268734000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:80360005 UMLS_CUI:C0236826 Developmental expressive language disorder disease_ontology DOID:11385 expressive language disorder DOID:11385 A language disorder that involves difficulties with verbal and written expression characterized by an ability to use expressive spoken language that is markedly below the appropriate level for the mental age, but with a language comprehension that is within normal limits. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressive_language_disorder Developmental expressive language disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:268734000 An eating disorder that is characterized by effortless regurgitation of most meals following consumption. ICD9CM:307.53 MSH:D019959 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192014006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:37941009 UMLS_CUI:C0154575 Psychogenic rumination (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:11507 rumination disorder DOID:11507 An eating disorder that is characterized by effortless regurgitation of most meals following consumption. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumination_syndrome Psychogenic rumination (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192014006 A somatoform disorder that involves heart disease symptoms without any identifiable physiological abnormatlities. ICD9CM:306.2 MSH:D009449 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154922007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191960008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191961007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191962000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191963005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192434000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:46219009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:72994002 UMLS_CUI:C0027821 Cardiovascular malfunction arising from mental factors Cardiovascular neurosis Da Costa's syndrome Krishaber's disease disease_ontology DOID:11569 neurocirculatory asthenia DOID:11569 A somatoform disorder that involves heart disease symptoms without any identifiable physiological abnormatlities. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Costa%27s_syndrome url:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1277260/ Cardiovascular malfunction arising from mental factors ICD9CM_2006:306.2 Cardiovascular neurosis MTHICD9_2006:306.2 Da Costa's syndrome SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:46219009 Krishaber's disease SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:72994002 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of antidepressant drugs despite negative consequences. ICD9CM:305.8 UMLS_CUI:C0154540 disease_ontology DOID:11718 antidepressant type abuse DOID:11718 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of antidepressant drugs despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant ICD9CM:292.8 ICD9CM:292.89 UMLS_CUI:C0154325 disease_ontology DOID:1203 drug-induced mental disorder DOID:1203 A pervasive developmental disease that is a neurological and developmental disorder that mostly occurs in females and is caused_by a mutation on the MECP2 gene on the X chromosome. Infants with Rett syndrome seem to grow and develop normally at first, but then stop developing and even lose skills and abilities. MSH:C531806 MSH:D015518 NCI:C75488 OMIM:312750 OMIM:613454 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192583003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:68618008 UMLS_CUI:C0035372 Rett's disorder cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia disease_ontology DOID:1206 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Rett syndrome DOID:1206 A pervasive developmental disease that is a neurological and developmental disorder that mostly occurs in females and is caused_by a mutation on the MECP2 gene on the X chromosome. Infants with Rett syndrome seem to grow and develop normally at first, but then stop developing and even lose skills and abilities. url:http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/rett_syndrome.cfm Rett's disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:68618008 cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia CSP2005:4001-0114 An eating disorder that is characterized by an appetite for non-nutritive substances or food ingredients. ICD9CM:307.52 MSH:D010842 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:14077003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154938001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268779001 UMLS_CUI:C0031873 disease_ontology DOID:12128 pica disease DOID:12128 An eating disorder that is characterized by an appetite for non-nutritive substances or food ingredients. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pica_%28disorder%29 DOID:12129 An eating disorder characterized by the restraining of food intake for a period of time followed by an over intake or binging period that results in feelings of guilt and low self-esteem. This eating disorder is characterised by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviours such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) bulimia 307.51 F50.2 MSH:D002032 NCI:C34440 OMIM:607499 OMIM:610269 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192013000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192447005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206939001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:78004001 UMLS_CUI:C0006370 hyperorexia nervosa disease_ontology DOID:12129 Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by recurrent and frequent episodes of binge eating—i.e., unusually large amounts of food consumed in a short time— and a feeling that one lacks control over eating. Binging and purging are often performed in secret, with feelings of shame alternating with relief, and this behaviours both occur, on average, at least twice a week for 3 months. http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/bulimia-nervosa DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) The only change that have been made from the DSM-IV-TR to DSM-V criteria for bulimia nervosa, is a reduction in the required minimum average frequency of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviour frequency from twice to once weekly. http://www.dsm5.org/Documents/changes%20from%20dsm-iv-tr%20to%20dsm-5.pdf Xref MGI. bulimia nervosa MFOMD_0000073 DOID:12129 An eating disorder characterized by the restraining of food intake for a period of time followed by an over intake or binging period that results in feelings of guilt and low self-esteem. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulimia_nervosa hyperorexia nervosa SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192447005 DOID:12139 A mood disorder that involves the presence of a low mood almost daily over a span of at least two years. Is characterised by at least 2 years of depressed mood for more days than not, accompanied by additional depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a major depressive episode. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 300.4 F34.1 ICD9CM:300.4 MSH:D019263 NCI:C34562 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192384008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:78667006 UMLS_CUI:C0013415 dysthymia disease_ontology DOID:12139 Dysthymic disorder must have the precedes, while depressed, of two (or more) of the following: (1) poor appetite or overeating (2) insomnia or hypersomnia (3) low energy or fatigue (4) low self-esteem (5) poor concentration or difficulty making decisions (6) feelings of hopelessness dysthymic disorder MFOMD_0000194 DOID:12139 A mood disorder that involves the presence of a low mood almost daily over a span of at least two years. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder dysthymia CSP2005:2483-6681 A dementia and a synucleinopathy that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities. ICD9CM:331.82 MSH:D020961 NCI:C84826 OMIM:127750 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192808003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:230275004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:230276003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:230277007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:312991009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:80098002 UMLS_CUI:C0752347 Dementia with Lewy bodies Diffuse Lewy body disease (disorder) Lewy body disease Senile dementia of the Lewy body type (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:12217 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. Lewy body dementia DOID:12217 A dementia and a synucleinopathy that is characterized by the development of abnormal proteinaceous (alpha-synuclein) cytoplasmic inclusions, called Lewy bodies, throughout the brain that results in progressive decline in mental abilities. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lewy-body-dementia/basics/definition/CON-20025038 Dementia with Lewy bodies ICD9CM_2006:331.82 Diffuse Lewy body disease (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:80098002 Lewy body disease SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:230277007 Senile dementia of the Lewy body type (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:312991009 DOID:1229 A schizophrenia that involves delusions or auditory hallucinations of persecution or being plotted against without thought disorder, disorganized behavior, or affective flattening. esquizofrenia tipo paranoide 295.30 F20.0x DOID:11238 DOID:1230 ICD9CM:295.3 ICD9CM:295.30 ICD9CM:295.31 ICD9CM:295.32 MSH:D012563 NCI:C35006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154865007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154869001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191551006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191553009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191557005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192319007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192330005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268747005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268748000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31658008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:64905009 UMLS_CUI:C0036349 UMLS_CUI:C0154354 UMLS_CUI:C0270398 Paranoid type schizophrenia Paraphrenia - late Paraphrenic schizophrenia chronic paranoid schizophrenia paranoid type schizophrenia subchronic state disease_ontology DOID:1229 At the DSM-5, the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types) are eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability, and poor validity. These subtypes also have not been shown to exhibit distinctive patterns of treatment response or longitudinal course. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) Is the most common form of schizophrenia, and is characterized by the preoccupations with one or more systematized delusions or auditory hallucinations and by the absence of such symptoms as disorganized speech and behaviour or flat affect. The deluded individuals believe that others are plotting against them, are talking about them, or are out to harm them in some way. They are constantly suspicious, and their interpretations of the behaviour and motives of others are distorted. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. paranoid schizophrenia MFOMD_0000017 DOID:1229 A schizophrenia that involves delusions or auditory hallucinations of persecution or being plotted against without thought disorder, disorganized behavior, or affective flattening. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoid_schizophrenia url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000936.htm Paranoid type schizophrenia ICD9CM_2006:295.3 Paraphrenia - late SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192330005 Paraphrenic schizophrenia MTHICD9_2006:295.3 A mood disorder that is characterized by mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite ("comfort eating"), excessive sleep or somnolence (hypersomnia), a sensation of heaviness in limbs known as leaden paralysis, and significant social impairment as a consequence of hypersensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection. ICD9CM:296.82 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191659001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192371004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:277538003 UMLS_CUI:C0154437 Atypical depression disease_ontology DOID:12294 atypical depressive disorder DOID:12294 A mood disorder that is characterized by mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity, significant weight gain or increased appetite ("comfort eating"), excessive sleep or somnolence (hypersomnia), a sensation of heaviness in limbs known as leaden paralysis, and significant social impairment as a consequence of hypersensitivity to perceived interpersonal rejection. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder Atypical depression SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192371004 ICD9CM:302.3 MSH:D014190 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154907002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191780004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192509002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:248108005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268763002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:63495002 UMLS_CUI:C0040774 Dual-role transvestism Fetishistic transvestism (disorder) Transvestic fetishism cross dresser disease_ontology DOID:1233 transvestism DOID:1233 Dual-role transvestism SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:248108005 Fetishistic transvestism (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:63495002 Transvestic fetishism ICD9CM_2006:302.3 cross dresser CSP2005:4008-0087 A disease of mental health that involves a conflict between a person's actual physical gender and the gender that person identifies himself or herself as. DOID:10827 DOID:13350 ICD9CM:302.8 ICD9CM:302.89 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:5095008 UMLS_CUI:C0029825 UMLS_CUI:C0154467 UMLS_CUI:C0236802 disease_ontology DOID:1234 gender identity disorder DOID:1234 A disease of mental health that involves a conflict between a person's actual physical gender and the gender that person identifies himself or herself as. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001527.htm ICD9CM:302.81 MSH:D005329 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192513009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:59174009 UMLS_CUI:C0015957 disease_ontology DOID:1235 fetishism DOID:1235 An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable impulse to gamble, irrespective of the interference the behaviour has on the individual's life. ICD9CM:312.31 MSH:D005715 OMIM:606349 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:18085000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192501004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:284524008 UMLS_CUI:C0030662 Compulsive gambling Pathological gambling disease_ontology DOID:12399 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. pathological gambling DOID:12399 An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable impulse to gamble, irrespective of the interference the behaviour has on the individual's life. url:http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/impulse/gambling.htm Compulsive gambling SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:284524008 Pathological gambling SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192501004 An impulse control disorder that involves the repeated impulse to steal for no great gain, when he or she has sufficient money to pay for the item and no need for what is stolen. ICD9CM:312.32 MSH:D007174 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154947009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192503001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:69361009 UMLS_CUI:C0022734 Pathological stealing disease_ontology DOID:12400 kleptomania DOID:12400 An impulse control disorder that involves the repeated impulse to steal for no great gain, when he or she has sufficient money to pay for the item and no need for what is stolen. url:http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/impulse/kleptomania.htm Pathological stealing SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192503001 An impulse control disorder that involves the episodic inability to control violent impulses with a disproportionate degree of aggressiveness. DOID:9404 ICD9CM:301.3 ICD9CM:312.34 MSH:D007174 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191759005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192096007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192488005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231527003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268757006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:40987004 UMLS_CUI:C0021776 UMLS_CUI:C0152183 explosive personality disorder disease_ontology DOID:12401 intermittent explosive disorder DOID:12401 An impulse control disorder that involves the episodic inability to control violent impulses with a disproportionate degree of aggressiveness. url:http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/impulse/explosive.htm An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable impulse to repeatedly set fires with no obvious motive. ICD9CM:312.33 MSH:D005391 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192502006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:248015004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:600009 UMLS_CUI:C0016142 Pathological firesetting firesetting behavior disease_ontology DOID:12402 pyromania DOID:12402 An impulse control disorder that involves the uncontrollable impulse to repeatedly set fires with no obvious motive. url:http://www.forensicpsychiatry.ca/impulse/pryromania.htm Pathological firesetting SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192502006 A learning disability involving a math disability can cause such difficulties as learning math concepts (such as quantity, place value, and time), difficulty memorizing math facts, difficulty organizing numbers, and understanding how problems are organized on the page. UMLS_CUI:C0236824 Mathematics disorder disorder of arithmetical skills disease_ontology DOID:12568 dyscalculia DOID:12568 A learning disability involving a math disability can cause such difficulties as learning math concepts (such as quantity, place value, and time), difficulty memorizing math facts, difficulty organizing numbers, and understanding how problems are organized on the page. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability#Types_of_learning_disabilities Mathematics disorder ICD9CM_2006:315.1 disorder of arithmetical skills SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:47916000 A communication disorder that involves both the receptive and expressive areas of communication may be affected in any degree, from mild to severe. ICD9CM:315.32 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:25766007 UMLS_CUI:C0236827 disease_ontology DOID:12685 mixed receptive-expressive language disorder DOID:12685 A communication disorder that involves both the receptive and expressive areas of communication may be affected in any degree, from mild to severe. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_receptive-expressive_language_disorder A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of hallucinogenic drugs despite negative consequences. ICD9CM:305.3 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:74851005 UMLS_CUI:C0018526 disease_ontology DOID:12797 hallucinogen abuse DOID:12797 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of hallucinogenic drugs despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogen An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by symptoms across all three symptom domains (communication, social, restricted repetitive interests and behaviors), delayed language development, and symptom onset prior to age 3 years. EFO:0003758 ICD10CM:F84.0 ICD9CM:299.0 MSH:D001321 OMIM:209850 OMIM:300425 OMIM:300495 OMIM:300496 OMIM:300830 OMIM:300847 OMIM:300872 OMIM:606059 OMIM:607373 OMIM:608049 OMIM:608636 OMIM:609378 OMIM:610676 OMIM:610836 OMIM:610908 OMIM:611015 OMIM:611016 OMIM:611913 OMIM:612100 OMIM:613410 OMIM:613436 OMIM:615032 OMIM:615091 ORDO:106 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154878007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191688000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191691000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192581001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:271450003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:34883005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:38763009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:408856003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:408857007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:43614003 UMLS_CUI:C0004352 Kanner's syndrome autism autistic disorder of childhood onset childhood autism infantile autism disease_ontology DOID:12849 Xref MGI. OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. autistic disorder DOID:12849 An autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by symptoms across all three symptom domains (communication, social, restricted repetitive interests and behaviors), delayed language development, and symptom onset prior to age 3 years. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autism url:www.neurodevnet.ca Kanner's syndrome MTHICD9_2006:299.0 childhood autism SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192581001 DOID:12883 A somatoform disorder that involves an excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness. Preoccupation with fears of having, or the idea that one has, a serious disease based on a misinterpretation of one or more bodily signs or symptoms. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) hipocondría - Having a long-term intense fear or anxiety about having a serious disease or health condition - Worrying that minor symptoms or bodily sensations mean you have a serious illness - Seeing doctors repeated times or having involved medical exams - Frequently switching doctors — if one doctor tells you that you aren't sick, you may not believe it and seek out other opinions - Continuously talking about your symptoms or suspected diseases with family and friends - Obsessively doing health research - Frequently checking your body for problems - Frequently checking your vital signs - Thinking you have a disease after reading or hearing about it http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hypochondria/DS00841/DSECTION=symptoms 300.7 F45.2 ICD9CM:300.7 MSH:D006998 NCI:C9493 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154891008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:18193002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192433006 UMLS_CUI:C0020604 Hypochondria Hypochondriacal disorder hypochondriacal neurosis disease_ontology DOID:12883 The preoccupation in Hypochondriasis may be with bodily functions; minor physical abnormalities; or with vague and ambiguous physical sensations. The person attributes this symptoms or signs to the suspected disease and is very concerned with their meaning, authenticity, and aetiology. Repeated physical examinations, diagnostic test, and reassurance from the physician do little to allay the concern about bodily disease or affliction. Individuals with Hypochondriasis may become alarmed by reading or hearing about disease, knowing someone who becomes sick, or from observations, sensations, or occurrences within their own bodies. Concern about the feared illness often becomes a central feature of the individual's self-image, a topic of social discourse, and response to life stresses. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Some several predisposing factors of hypocondriasis included a history of physical illness, parental attention to somatic symptoms, low pain threshold, or greater sensitivity to somatic cues. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. hypochondriasis MFOMD_0000038 DOID:12883 A somatoform disorder that involves an excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochondriasis Hypochondria NCI2004_11_17:C9493 Hypochondriacal disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192433006 hypochondriacal neurosis CSP2005:2483-6952 A specific developmental disorder marked by a pattern of repetitive behavior wherein the rights of others or social norms are violated. EFO:0004216 ICD9CM:312.9 MSH:D019955 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154945001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192104004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192106002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192597006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192603009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268782006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268785008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:430909002 UMLS_CUI:C0149654 disease_ontology DOID:12995 conduct disorder DOID:12995 A specific developmental disorder marked by a pattern of repetitive behavior wherein the rights of others or social norms are violated. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduct_disorder url:http://www.nmha.org/go/conduct-disorder An amnestic disorder that is characterized by temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories. ICD9CM:437.7 MSH:D020236 NCI:C85198 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:195202003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:230736007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:366963000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:367187006 UMLS_CUI:C0338591 disease_ontology DOID:13027 transient global amnesia DOID:13027 An amnestic disorder that is characterized by temporary but almost total disruption of short-term memory with a range of problems accessing older memories. url:http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1160964-overview url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_global_amnesia A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. ICD9CM:290.8 MSH:D003704 UMLS_CUI:C0154319 disease_ontology DOID:1307 dementia DOID:1307 A cognitive disorder resulting from a loss of brain function affecting memory, thinking, language, judgement and behavior. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000739.htm ICD9CM:302.2 MSH:D010378 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154907002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192516001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268763002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:84002002 UMLS_CUI:C0030764 Paedophilia disease_ontology DOID:13351 pedophilia DOID:13351 Paedophilia SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:268763002 A gender identity disorder that is characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one's idealized self-image, causing anxiety and a desire to change one's orientation or become more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. ICD9CM:302.0 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:52813007 UMLS_CUI:C0233880 disease_ontology DOID:13352 ego-dystonic sexual orientation DOID:13352 A gender identity disorder that is characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one's idealized self-image, causing anxiety and a desire to change one's orientation or become more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ego-dystonic_sexual_orientation A learning disability involing difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors which affect any part of the reading process. ICD9CM:315.09 UMLS_CUI:C0154631 disease_ontology DOID:13365 reading disorder DOID:13365 A learning disability involing difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors which affect any part of the reading process. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disabilities#Writing_disorder_.28ICD-10_and_DSM-IV_codes_F81.1.2F315.2.29 url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading_disability An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize text. DOID:4427 ICD9CM:315.01 MSH:D004410 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:158316004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206985003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:9236007 UMLS_CUI:C0002018 UMLS_CUI:C0013388 Aphemesthaesia acquired dyslexia disease_ontology DOID:13417 alexia DOID:13417 An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to recognize text. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexia_%28disorder%29 Aphemesthaesia SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:9236007 A pervasive developmental disorder that is a rare condition characterized by late onset (>3 years of age) of developmental delays in language, social function, and motor skills where children who have had previously normal development who then appear to regress. ICD9CM:299.1 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191694008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192584009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:71961003 UMLS_CUI:C0236791 Disintegrative psychosis NOS (disorder) Heller's syndrome Symbiotic psychosis disease_ontology DOID:13487 childhood disintegrative disease DOID:13487 A pervasive developmental disorder that is a rare condition characterized by late onset (>3 years of age) of developmental delays in language, social function, and motor skills where children who have had previously normal development who then appear to regress. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller%27s_syndrome url:http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/Heller%27s-Syndrome.htm Disintegrative psychosis NOS (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:191694008 Symbiotic psychosis SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192584009 ICD9CM:302.75 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:123302009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154905005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192468006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268762007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:44001008 UMLS_CUI:C0033038 disease_ontology DOID:13709 premature ejaculation DOID:13709 ICD9CM:302.71 MSH:D020018 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:112096004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192464008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:270903007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:78889008 UMLS_CUI:C0020594 Lack or loss of sexual desire disease_ontology DOID:13868 hypoactive sexual desire disorder DOID:13868 Lack or loss of sexual desire SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192464008 DOID:13918 A somatoform disorder that involves persistently complaints of varied physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical origin. Disorder in which the individual with it chronically complains of bodily symptoms that have no physical basis. Understanding abnormal behavior.David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. trastorno de somatización Each of the following criteria must have been met, with individual symptoms occurring at any time during the course of the disturbance: 1) Four pain symptoms: a history of pain related to at least four different sites (e.g., head, abdomen, back, joints, extremities, chest, rectum) or functions (e.g., menstruation, sexual intercourse, urination). 2) Two gastrointestinal symptoms: a history of at list two gastrointestinal symptoms other than pain (e.g., nausea, bloating, vomiting other than during pregnancy, diarrhoea, or intolerance of several different foods). 3) One sexual symptom: a history of at least one sexual or reproductive symptom other than pain (e.g., sexual indifference, erectile or ejaculatory dysfunction, irregular menses, excessive menstrual bleeding, vomiting throughout pregnancy). 4) One pseudoneurological symptom: a history of at least one symptom or deficit suggesting a neurological condition not limited to pain (conversion symptoms such as impaired coordination or balance, paralysis or localised weakness, difficulty swallowing or lump in throat, aphonia, urinary retention, hallucinations, loss of touch or pain sensation, double vision, blindness, deafness, seizures; dissociative symptoms such as amnesia; or loss of consciousness other than fainting). DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 300.81 F45.0 ICD9CM:300.81 MSH:D013001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154892001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191743005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192431008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:397795007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:397826007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:397923000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:60368009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:9514005 UMLS_CUI:C0520482 Briquet's disorder Somatisation disorder disease_ontology Polysomatising disorder DOID:13918 The essential feature of Somatization disorder is a pattern of recurring, multiple, clinically significant somatic complaints. A somatic complaint is considered to be clinically significant if it results in medical treatment (e. g., the taking of medication) or causes significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Individuals with this disorder usually describe their complaints in colourful, exaggerated terms, but specific factual information is often lacking. They often seek treatment from several physicians concurrently, which may lead to complicated and sometimes hazardous combinations of treatments. Adoption studies indicate that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the risk for this disorder; having a biological or adoptive parent with this disorder increase the risk of developing it. Three features that suggest a diagnosis of Somatization disorder rather than a general medical condition include: 1) Involvement of multiple organ system. 2) Early onset and chronic course without development of physical signs or structural abnormalities. 3) Absence of laboratory abnormalities that are characteristic of the suggested general medical condition. Somatization disorder does nor protect individuals from having other independent general medical conditions. The onset of multiple physical symptoms late in life is almost always due to a general medical condition. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) somatization disorder MFOMD_0000029 DOID:13918 A somatoform disorder that involves persistently complaints of varied physical symptoms that have no identifiable physical origin. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatization_disorder Briquet's disorder MTHICD9_2006:300.81 Somatisation disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192431008 Polysomatising disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:397795007 DOID:14042 A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode. ICD9CM:296.50 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:49468007 UMLS_CUI:C0236773 disease_ontology DOID:14042 bipolar I disorder MFOMD_0000050 DOID:14042 A bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_I DOID:14320 An anxiety disorder that is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation. Disorder where anxiety (worry, fear, apprehension, or unease) happens over otherwise common things or events, is difficult for the individual to control, is excessive, and lasts at least 6 months. Generalized Anxiety Disorder&quot; Janet M. Torpy, MD; Alison E. Burke, MA; Robert M. Golub, MD. trastorno de ansiedad generalizada The concerns of this disorder are accompanied by physiological responses such as: - Heart palpitations - Muscle tension - Restlessness - Trembling - Sleep difficulties - Poor concentration - Persistent apprehension - Nervousness "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. Other symptoms can be headaches, changes in appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, ediginess or irritability. "Generalized Anxiety Disorder" Janet M. Torpy, MD; Alison E. Burke, MA; Robert M. Golub, MD. 300.02 F41.1 ICD9CM:300.02 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191706008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192401002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:21897009 UMLS_CUI:C0270549 disease_ontology DOID:14320 This disorder is characterized by persistent high levels of anxiety and excessive worry over many life circumstances, the disorder is chronic, and it produces social and functional impairment. Because the people with this disorder are unable to discover the “real” source of their fears, they remain anxious and occasionally experience even more acute attacks of anxiety. They appear to have lower threshold for uncertainty, which leads worrying; to have erroneous beliefs such as “worry is an effective way to deal with problems”. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. generalized anxiety disorder MFOMD_0000027 DOID:14320 An anxiety disorder that is characterized by long-lasting anxiety that is not focused on any one object or situation. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder DOID:1470 An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The essential feature is a clinical course that is characterised by one or more Major Depressive Episodes without a history of Manic, Mixed, or Hypomanic episodes. depression depressive disorder major depressive disorder [DSM-IV] Symptoms of Depression Affective domain.- Sadness, unhappiness, apathy, anxiety, brooding Cognitive domain.- Pessimism, guilt, inability to concentrate, negative thinking, loss of interest and motivation, suicidal thoughts. Behavioural domain.- Low energy, neglect of personal appearance, crying, psychomotor retardation, agitation. Physiological domain.- Poor or increased appetite, constipation, sleep disturbance, disruption of the menstrual cycle in women, loss of sex drive. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. DOID:10614 DOID:2240 DOID:2241 DOID:7580 ICD10CM:F32 ICD10CM:F33 ICD9CM:296 ICD9CM:296.20 ICD9CM:296.3 ICD9CM:296.30 NCI:C34796 OMIM:608520 OMIM:608691 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191599006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191600009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191607007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191608002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191609005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191617002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192366006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268620009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268621008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:36923009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:66344007 UMLS_CUI:C0024517 UMLS_CUI:C0154409 recurrent major depression single major depressive episode disease_ontology DOID:1470 DSM-IV lists several codes for depression depending on the most recent episode: 296.36 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, In Full Remission 296.35 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, In Partial Remission 296.31 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Mild 296.32 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Moderate 296.34 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.33 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.3 Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Unspecified 296.26 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, In Full Remission 296.25 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, In Partial Remission 296.21 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Mild 296.22 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Moderate 296.24 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.23 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.2 Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Unspecified Xref MGI. major depressive disorder MFOMD_0000049 MFOMD_0000144 DOID:1470 An endogenous depression that is characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder DOID:1509 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction. This disorder is a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno de la personalidad por evitación 301.82 F60.6 ICD9CM:301.82 MSH:D010554 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191771004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:37746008 UMLS_CUI:C0004444 anxious personality disorder disease_ontology DOID:1509 Persons with this disorder tend to have low self-esteem and to avoid social relationships without a guarantee of uncritical acceptance by others, although they do not desire to be alone, on the contrary, they crave affection and active social life, but they are caught in a vicious cycle been preoccupied with rejection, they are constantly alert to signs of derogation or ridicule leading to many perceived instances of rejection, which at the same time cause them to avoid others. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. avoidant personality disorder MFOMD_0000065 DOID:1509 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avoidant_personality_disorder DOID:1510 A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. Personality disorder is an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over the time, and leads to distress or impairment. DSM-IV-TR trastornos de la personalidad ICD9CM:301.8 ICD9CM:301.89 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191770003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191776009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268635005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268759009 UMLS_CUI:C0029707 character disorder disease_ontology DOID:1510 Only when personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive and cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress do they constitute Personality Disorders. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) personality disorder MFOMD_0000039 DOID:1510 A disease of mental health that involve long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that cause serious problems with relationships and work. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/personalitydisorders.html A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. MSH:D019965 NCI:C34870 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:106014008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:111479008 UMLS_CUI:C0029227 cognitive disease disease_ontology Organic Mental disorder DOID:1561 cognitive disorder DOID:1561 A disease of mental health that affects cognitive functions including memory processing, perception and problem solving. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_disorder Organic Mental disorder NCI2004_11_17:C34870 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite negative consequences. ICD9CM:305.0 ICD9CM:305.00 MSH:D000437 NCI:C20701 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:15167005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:304606004 UMLS_CUI:C0085762 Ethanol abuse disease_ontology DOID:1574 alcohol abuse DOID:1574 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_abuse Ethanol abuse SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:304606004 A mental depression that is characterized by a dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system and not of the monaminergic system. DOID:6340 EFO:0003761 MSH:D003866 NCI:C34532 NCI:C35094 OMIM:608516 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154873003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191599006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231498003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:300706003 UMLS_CUI:C0011573 UMLS_CUI:C0041696 clinical depression unipolar depression disease_ontology DOID:1595 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [LS]. endogenous depression DOID:1595 A mental depression that is characterized by a dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system and not of the monaminergic system. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endogenous_depression clinical depression CSP2005:2483-6681 DOID:14672 MSH:D003863 NCI:C2982 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154963001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:307537002 UMLS_CUI:C0011570 disease_ontology DOID:1596 mental depression DOID:1596 ICD9CM:292.1 MSH:D011605 NCI:C34957 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154855001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191483003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191498001 UMLS_CUI:C0033937 Drug-induced psychosis Drug-induced psychotic disorder disease_ontology DOID:1742 drug psychosis DOID:1742 Drug-induced psychosis SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:154855001 Drug-induced psychotic disorder ICD9CM_2006:292.1 A disease of mental health where symptoms are deliberately produced, feigned or exaggerated in order to falsely demonstrate the presence of an illness. ICD9CM:300.16 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31122002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:430751001 UMLS_CUI:C0015481 Munchausen syndrome disease_ontology DOID:1766 factitious disorder DOID:1766 A disease of mental health where symptoms are deliberately produced, feigned or exaggerated in order to falsely demonstrate the presence of an illness. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factitious_disorder url:http://my.clevelandclinic.org/disorders/factitious_disorders/hic_an_overview_of_factitious_disorders.aspx DOID:1768 A somatoform disorder that involves numbness, blindness, paralysis or fits without a neurological cause. Disorder in which the individual will complain of physical problems or impairments of sensory or motor functions controlled by the voluntary nervous system, all suggesting a neurological disorder but with no underlying organic cause. Understanding abnormal behavior. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. trastorno de conversión Motor symptoms or deficits include: - Impaired coordination or balance - Paralysis or localised weakness - Aphonia - Difficulty swallowing or a sensation of a lump in the throat - Urinary retention Sensory symptoms or deficits include: - Loss of touch or pain sensation - Double vision - Blindness - Deafness - Hallucinations. Symptoms may also include seizures or convulsions. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 300.11 F44.x .4 With Motor Symptom or Deficit .5 With Seizures or Convulsions .6 With Sensory Symptom or Deficit .7 With Mixed Presentation ICD9CM:300.11 MSH:D003291 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:20734000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:44376007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:89239005 UMLS_CUI:C0009946 Conversion Hysterical Neurosis Conversion hysteria or reaction Hysterical neurosis, conversion type disease_ontology DOID:1768 The symptoms of this disorder are not intentionally produced or feigned, and is not diagnosed if the symptoms or deficits are fully explained by a neurological or general medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or as a culturally sanctioned behaviour or experience. A person with this disorder actually believes that there is a genuine physical problem, and it produces notable distress or impairment in social or occupational functioning. the most common conversion symptoms seen in neurological clinics involve psychogenic pain, disturbances of stance and gait, sensory symptoms, dizziness, and psychogenic seizures. The occurrence of symptoms is often related to stress. Nearly 75 percent of respondents in one sample reported that their conversion symptoms developed after they had experienced a stressor. Some symptoms may require extensive neurological and physical examinations to rule out a true medical disorder before a diagnosis of conversion disorder can be made. Discriminating between people who are faking and those with this disorder is difficult. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. Conversion symptoms typically do not conform to known anatomical pathways and physiological mechanisms, but instead follow the individual's conceptualization of a condition. A"paralyzed" extremity will be moved inadvertently while dressing or when attention is directed elsewhere. If placed above the head and released, a "paralyzed" arm will be briefly retain its position, then fall to the side, rather than striking the head. this disorder has been reported to be more common in rural populations, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and individuals less knowledgeable about medical and psychological concepts. As many as one-third of individuals with conversion symptoms have a current or prior neurological condition. This disorder appears to be more frequent in women than in men. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) conversion disorder MFOMD_0000031 DOID:1768 A somatoform disorder that involves numbness, blindness, paralysis or fits without a neurological cause. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_disorder Conversion Hysterical Neurosis MTH:NOCODE Conversion hysteria or reaction MTHICD9_2006:300.11 Hysterical neurosis, conversion type SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:89239005 DOID:1849 A substance addiction in which the substance compulsively consumed is marijuana. A drug dependence that involves the continued use of cannabis despite problems related to use of the substance. 304.30 [DSM-IV Code] F12 [ICD-10 Code] Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cannabinoids [ICD-10] cannabis dependence [DSM-IV] marijuana addiction ICD10CM:F12 ICD9CM:304.3 MSH:D002189 NCI:C34445 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191835009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191836005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268766005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:85005007 UMLS_CUI:C0006870 disease_ontology DOID:1849 cannabis dependence MFOMD_0000061 DOID:1849 A drug dependence that involves the continued use of cannabis despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_dependence EFO:0004234 UMLS_CUI:C0021116 Sexual impotence (finding) erectile dysfunction disease_ontology DOID:1875 impotence DOID:1875 Sexual impotence (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:23781003 DOID:1876 A sexual dyisfunction is a disruption of any part of the normal sexual response cycle. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. NCI:C3347 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231532002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:39894007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:56925008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:65655009 UMLS_CUI:C0549622 abnormal sexual function (finding) disease_ontology DOID:1876 The sexual response cycle can be divides into the following phases: 1.- Desire: This phase consist of fantasies about sexual activity and the desire to have sexual activity. 2.- Excitement: This phase consist of a subjective sense of sexual pleasure and accompanying physiological changes. 3.- Orgasm: This phase consist of a peaking of sexual pleasure, with release of sexual tension and rhythmic contraction of the perineal muscles and reproductive organs. 4.- Resolution: This phase consist of a sense of muscular relaxation and general well-being. Disorders of sexual response may occur at one or more of this phases. Clinical judgments about the presence of a sexual dysfunction should take into account the individual's ethnic, cultural, religious, and social background, which may influence sexual desire, expectations, and attitudes about performance. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) sexual dysfunction MFOMD_0000080 DOID:1876 abnormal sexual function (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:56925008 DOID:2030 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. trastornos de ansiedad DOID:12884 MSH:D001008 NCI:C2878 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191703000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192405006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:197480006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:65673007 UMLS_CUI:C0003469 UMLS_CUI:C0154455 anxiety state disease_ontology DOID:2030 anxiety disorder MFOMD_0000033 DOID:2030 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml A specific developmental disorder that involves specific developmental disorders of speech and language. MSH:D003147 NCI:C2958 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:278919001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:74825008 UMLS_CUI:C0009460 disease_ontology DOID:2033 communication disorder DOID:2033 A specific developmental disorder that involves specific developmental disorders of speech and language. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_disorder DOID:2055 An anxiety disorder which results from a traumatic experience that results in psychological trauma. Mental condition in which a person suffers severe anxiety and depression after a very frightening or shocking experience, such as an accident or a war. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/post-traumatic-stress-disorder trastorno por estrés postraumático A person suffering from Post Traumatic stress disorder can experience: - Flashbacks - Nightmares or daydreams (in which the traumatic event is experienced again). - Experience of abnormally intense startle responses - Insomnia - May have difficulty concentrating. - Traumatic memories, which have two distinctive characteristics: 1) they can be triggered by stimuli that remind the patient of the traumatic event; 2) they have a "frozen" or wordless quality, consisting of images and sensations rather than verbal descriptions. http://www.minddisorders.com/Ob-Ps/Post-traumatic-stress-disorder.html#ixzz2h8VzYrwc 309.81 F43.1 ICD9CM:309.81 MSH:D013313 NCI:C3389 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154959008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192036009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192414001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192415000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268791005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:279611005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:47505003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:61157009 UMLS_CUI:C0038436 traumatic neurosis disease_ontology post-traumatic stress disorder DOID:2055 Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can be summarized as a "a normal reaction to abnormal events." Although the most important causal factor in PTSD is the traumatic event itself, individuals differ in the intensity of their cognitive and emotional responses to trauma; some persons appear to be more vulnerable than others. In some cases, this greater vulnerability is related to temperament or natural disposition, with shy or introverted people being at greater risk. In other cases, the person's vulnerability results from chronic illness, a physical disability, or previous traumatization—particularly abuse in childhood. Studies of specific populations have shed light on the social and cultural causes of PTSD. In general, societies that are highly authoritarian, glorify violence, or sexualize violence have high rates of PTSD even among civilians. Researchers have not found any correlation between race and biological vulnerability to PTSD. The degree of risk for PTSD is related to three factors: - the amount and intensity of exposure to the suffering of trauma victims; - the worker's degree of empathy and sensitivity; - and unresolved issues from the worker's personal history. The patient attempts to reduce the possibility of exposure to anything that might trigger memories of the trauma, and to minimize his or her reactions to such memories. This cluster of symptoms includes feeling disconnected from other people, psychic numbing, and avoidance of places, persons, or things associated with the trauma. Patients with PTSD are at increased risk of substance abuse as a form of self-medication to numb painful memories. The patient suffers from significant social, interpersonal, or work-related problems as a result of the PTSD symptoms. http://www.minddisorders.com/Ob-Ps/Post-traumatic-stress-disorder.html post-traumatic stress disorder MFOMD_0000015 DOID:2055 An anxiety disorder which results from a traumatic experience that results in psychological trauma. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder traumatic neurosis CSP2005:4000-0295 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by repeated, rhythmic, purposeless movements or activities such as head banging, nail biting, or body rocking. ICD9CM:307.3 MSH:D019956 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191993004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:5507002 UMLS_CUI:C0038273 Stereotyped repetitive movements NOS (finding) Stereotypy habit disorder disease_ontology DOID:2303 stereotypic movement disorder DOID:2303 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by repeated, rhythmic, purposeless movements or activities such as head banging, nail biting, or body rocking. url:http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Stereotypic-movement-disorder.html Stereotyped repetitive movements NOS (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:191993004 Stereotypy habit disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:5507002 DOID:2468 A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. Disorders that include psychotic symptoms as a prominent aspect of their presentation. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) EFO:0000677 ICD9CM:298.8 UMLS_CUI:C0029516 mental or behavioural disorder disease_ontology DOID:2468 Should be understood that psychotic symptoms are not necessarily consider to be core or fundamental features of these disorders, nor do the disorders in this section necessarily have a common aetiology. psychotic disorder MFOMD_0000091 DOID:2468 A cognitive disorder that involves abnormal thinking and perceptions resulting in a disconnection with reality. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/psychoticdisorders.html ICD9CM:291.8 ICD9CM:291.89 UMLS_CUI:C1456283 disease_ontology DOID:251 alcohol-induced mental disorder DOID:251 An impulse control disorder that involves abnormalities in memory, social and sexual functioning and idiosyncratic behaviors resulting from damage from trauma or infection to both temporal lobes causing individuals to put objects in their mouths and engage in inappropriate sexual behavior. MSH:D020232 NCI:C84802 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:10651001 UMLS_CUI:C0270707 Klver-Bucy syndrome disease_ontology DOID:2510 Kluver-Bucy syndrome DOID:2510 An impulse control disorder that involves abnormalities in memory, social and sexual functioning and idiosyncratic behaviors resulting from damage from trauma or infection to both temporal lobes causing individuals to put objects in their mouths and engage in inappropriate sexual behavior. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kl%C3%BCver%E2%80%93Bucy_syndrome url:http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/kluver_bucy/kluver_bucy.htm Klver-Bucy syndrome SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:10651001 ICD9CM:291.9 MSH:D011604 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154852003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191482008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192212000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268684002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:42344001 UMLS_CUI:C0033936 Alcoholic psychoses disease_ontology DOID:252 alcoholic psychosis DOID:252 Alcoholic psychoses SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:154852003 A drug dependence that involves the continued use of opiate drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance. ICD9CM:304.0 ICD9CM:304.00 MSH:D009293 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191817000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191818005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192220003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:75544000 UMLS_CUI:C0524662 Opioid type dependence disease_ontology DOID:2559 opiate dependence DOID:2559 A drug dependence that involves the continued use of opiate drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opiate_dependency Opioid type dependence ICD9CM_2006:304.0 An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of morphine despite despite problems related to use of the substance. MSH:D009021 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191817000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231479000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:286934009 UMLS_CUI:C0026552 disease_ontology DOID:2560 morphine dependence DOID:2560 An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of morphine despite despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_dependence A drug dependence that involves the continued use of barbiturates despite problems related to use of the substance. ICD10CM:F13.2 ICD9CM:304.11 SNOMEDCT:231472009 UMLS_CUI:C0154482 disease_ontology DOID:2575 barbiturate dependence DOID:2575 A drug dependence that involves the continued use of barbiturates despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate_dependence DOID:2745 A personality disorder that involves an excessive preoccupation with issues of personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity. Personality disorder in which the essential feature is a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastorno narcisista de la personalidad 301.81 F60.8 ICD9CM:301.81 MSH:D010554 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192493008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:80711002 UMLS_CUI:C0027402 disease_ontology DOID:2745 People with this disorder require attention and admiration and have difficulty accepting personal criticism. In conversations they talk mainly about themselves and show a lack of interest in others. Many have fantasies about power or influence, and they constantly overestimate their talents and importance, how reflective responses and idealisation involving unlimited success, a sense of entitlement, and sense of self-importance. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. narcissistic personality disorder MFOMD_0000064 DOID:2745 A personality disorder that involves an excessive preoccupation with issues of personal adequacy, power, prestige and vanity. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic_personality_disorder A tic disorder that consists of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months. ICD9CM:307.21 MSH:D013981 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192622000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:56573006 UMLS_CUI:C0040702 disease_ontology DOID:2768 transient tic disorder DOID:2768 A tic disorder that consists of multiple motor and/or phonic tics with duration of at least 4 weeks, but less than 12 months. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tic_disorder A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by the persistent presence of involuntary brief movements or sounds occuring intermittently and unpredictably out of a background of normal motor activity. ICD9CM:307.2 ICD9CM:307.20 MSH:D013981 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:112086008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:155005001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191988002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191989005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191991002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192621007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192626002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:35042001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:386783003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:393585001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:568005 UMLS_CUI:C0040188 disease_ontology DOID:2769 tic disorder DOID:2769 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by the persistent presence of involuntary brief movements or sounds occuring intermittently and unpredictably out of a background of normal motor activity. url:http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Tic-disorders.html url:http://www.tsa-usa.org/Medical/definitions.html A sleep disorder that involves involuntarily grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping. DOID:8891 ICD9CM:327.53 MSH:D002012 MSH:D020186 NCI:C73511 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154925009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191983006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192436003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268774006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:274950005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:367105000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:90207007 UMLS_CUI:C0006325 UMLS_CUI:C0393774 Bruxism - teeth grinding Grinding teeth Teeth grinding sleep related bruxism disease_ontology DOID:2846 bruxism DOID:2846 A sleep disorder that involves involuntarily grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxism Bruxism - teeth grinding SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:268774006 Grinding teeth SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:367105000 Teeth grinding MTHICD9_2006:306.8 MSH:D003866 NCI:C34812 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:35489007 UMLS_CUI:C0025193 disease_ontology DOID:2848 melancholia DOID:2848 A substance-related disorder that involves a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning. ICD9CM:305 MSH:D019966 NCI:C16522 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:26416006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:66214007 UMLS_CUI:C0013146 disease_ontology DOID:302 substance abuse DOID:302 A substance-related disorder that involves a maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to significant impairment in functioning. url:http://allpsych.com/disorders/substance/substanceabuse.html url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_abuse DOID:303 A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. The substance-related disorders include disorders related to taking of a drug of abuse (including alcohol), to the side effects of a medication, and to toxin exposure. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) MSH:D019966 UMLS_CUI:C0236969 disease_ontology DOID:303 substance-related disorder MFOMD_0000127 DOID:303 A disease of mental health involving the abuse or dependence on a substance that is ingested in order to produce a high, alter one's senses, or otherwise affect functioning. url:http://allpsych.com/disorders/substance/index.html DOID:3312 A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. Bipolar disease is a mental disease that leads to disruptive mood swings encompassing manic and depressive moods. Bipolar affective disorder [ICD-10] F31 [ICD-10 Code] bipolar disorder [DSM-IV] DOID:3311 DOID:9554 DOID:9555 EFO:0000289 ICD9CM:296.80 MSH:D001714 NCI:C34423 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:13746004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154871001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:16506000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191627008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191636007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191644007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191646009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191647000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191654006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192355004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192362008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192365005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268749008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:68569003 UMLS_CUI:C0005586 UMLS_CUI:C0005587 UMLS_CUI:C0024713 UMLS_CUI:C0236780 Manic Bipolar Affective disorder Manic Depressive disorder Manic bipolar I disorder bipolar depression bipolar disorder manic phase manic depression manic disorder mixed bipolar disorder disease_ontology Depressive-manic psych. DOID:3312 Bipolar disorder or bipolar affective disorder (historically known as manic-depressive disorder) is a psychiatric diagnosis for a mood disorder in which people experience disruptive mood swings that encompass a frenzied state known as mania (or hypomania) and, usually, symptoms of depression. Bipolar disorder is defined by the presence of one or more episodes of abnormally elevated energy levels, cognition, and mood with or without one or more depressive episodes. At the lower levels of mania, such as hypomania, individuals may appear energetic and excitable. At a higher level, individuals may behave erratically and impulsively, often making poor decisions due to unrealistic ideas about the future, and may have great difficulty with sleep. At the highest level, individuals can show psychotic behavior, including violence. Individuals who experience manic episodes also commonly experience depressive episodes, or symptoms, or a mixed state in which features of both mania and depression are present at the same time. These events are usually separated by periods of "normal" mood; but, in some individuals, depression and mania may rapidly alternate, which is known as rapid cycling. Severe manic episodes can sometimes lead to such psychotic symptoms as delusions and hallucinations. The lifetime prevalence of all types of bipolar disorder is thought to be about 4% (meaning that about 4% of people experience some of the characteristic symptoms at some point in their life). Prevalence is similar in men and women and, broadly, across different cultures and ethnic groups. Genetic factors contribute substantially to the likelihood of developing bipolar disorder, and environmental factors are also implicated. Bipolar disorder is often treated with mood stabilizing medications and psychotherapy. In serious cases, in which there is a risk of harm to oneself or others, involuntary commitment may be used. These cases generally involve severe manic episodes with dangerous behavior or depressive episodes with suicidal ideation. There are widespread problems with social stigma, stereotypes, and prejudice against individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. People with bipolar disorder exhibiting psychotic symptoms can sometimes be misdiagnosed as having schizophrenia. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_disorder] DSM offers several different codes for bipolar, disambiguating the type of the most recent episode: 296.8 Bipolar Disorder NOS 296.56 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, In Full Remission 296.55 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, In Partial Remission 296.51 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, Mild 296.52 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, Moderate 296.54 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.53 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.5 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Depressed, Unspecified 296.4 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Hypomanic 296.46 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, In Full Remission 296.45 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, In Partial Remission 296.41 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, Mild 296.42 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, Moderate 296.44 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.43 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.4 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Manic, Unspecified 296.66 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, In Full Remission 296.65 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, In Partial Remission 296.61 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, Mild 296.62 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, Moderate 296.64 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.63 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296.6 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Mixed, Unspecified 296.7 Bipolar I Disorder, Most Recent Episode Unspecified 296.06 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, In Full Remission 296.05 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, In Partial Remission 296.01 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, Mild 296.02 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, Moderate 296.04 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, Severe With Psychotic Features 296.03 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, Severe Without Psychotic Features 296 Bipolar I Disorder, Single Manic Episode, Unspecified 296.89 Bipolar II Disorder bipolar disorder MFOMD_0000048 DOID:3312 A mood disorder that involves alternating periods of mania and depression. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder Manic Bipolar Affective disorder NCI2004_11_17:C34805 Manic Depressive disorder NCI2004_11_17:C34423 Manic bipolar I disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:68569003 bipolar depression CSP2005:2483-6684 bipolar disorder manic phase CSP2005:2483-6691 Depressive-manic psych. SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:154871001 DOID:3324 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. Disorders that have a disturbance in mood as the predominant feature. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) affective disorder EFO:0004247 ICD9CM:296.7 UMLS_CUI:C0525045 episodic mood disorder disease_ontology DOID:3324 Updating outdated UMLS CUI. mood disorder MFOMD_0000030 DOID:3324 A cognitive disorder that involves an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations. url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml DOID:334 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, including an excessive need for approval and inappropriately seductive behavior, usually beginning in early adulthood. This disorder is a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking. DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association) trastorno histriónico de la personalidad 301.50 F60.4 ICD9CM:301.5 ICD9CM:301.50 MSH:D006677 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154900000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191764009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191767002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192489002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268758001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:55341008 UMLS_CUI:C0019681 disease_ontology DOID:334 Individuals with this personality disorder are uncomfortable or feel unappreciated when they are not the centre of attention; they tend to draw attention to themselves and may initially charm new acquaintances by their enthusiasm, apparent openness, or flirtatiousness. If they are not the centre of attention they may do something dramatic, as make up stories or create a scene in order to draw attention to themselves. they also can be inappropriately sexually provocative or seductive, not only toward persons in whom the individual has a sexual or romantic interest, but occurs in a wide variety of social, occupational, and professional relationship beyond what is appropriate for the social context; also they are overly concerned with impressing others by their appearance and their emotions often seem to be turned on and off too quickly to be deeply felt, which may lead others to accuse the individual of faking these feelings. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) histrionic personality disorder MFOMD_0000056 DOID:334 A personality disorder that is characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, including an excessive need for approval and inappropriately seductive behavior, usually beginning in early adulthood. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histrionic_personality_disorder A communication disorder that is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. DOID:4019 MSH:D000377 MSH:D001072 NCI:C84542 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:158320000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:158322008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192146008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206989009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206991001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:250058008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:271724003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:42341009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:68345001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:6950007 UMLS_CUI:C0001816 UMLS_CUI:C0003635 Dyspraxia (finding) Dyspraxia syndrome disease_ontology DOID:4090 agnosia DOID:4090 A communication disorder that is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia Dyspraxia (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:6950007 Dyspraxia syndrome MTHICD9_2006:315.4 SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192146008 A speech disorder that involves mispronouncing speech sounds by omitting, distorting, substituting, or adding sounds which can make speech difficult to understand. MSH:D001184 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:229719002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:386701004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:8187005 UMLS_CUI:C0003910 Articulation impairment Phonological disorder disease_ontology DOID:4186 articulation disorder DOID:4186 A speech disorder that involves mispronouncing speech sounds by omitting, distorting, substituting, or adding sounds which can make speech difficult to understand. url:http://www.psllcnj.com/articulation_disorders.htm Articulation impairment SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:8187005 Phonological disorder MTHICD9_2006:315.39 A speech disorder that involves the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person. MSH:D004454 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:64712007 UMLS_CUI:C0013528 disease_ontology DOID:4188 echolalia DOID:4188 A speech disorder that involves the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echolalia A speech disorder that involves a complete inability to speak. MSH:D009155 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:267771000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:88052002 UMLS_CUI:C0026884 disease_ontology DOID:4189 mutism DOID:4189 A speech disorder that involves a complete inability to speak. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutism url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorder MSH:D020235 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:30767006 UMLS_CUI:C1510417 Gait apraxia (finding) disease_ontology DOID:4260 gait apraxia DOID:4260 Gait apraxia (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:30767006 A reading disorder resulting from a developmental reading disability involving the inability to process graphic symbols resulting in impairment of reading ability. ICD10CM:R48.0 ICD9CM:315.02 MSH:D004410 OMIM:127700 OMIM:300509 OMIM:600202 OMIM:604254 OMIM:606616 OMIM:606896 OMIM:608995 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154954003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:158318003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192137002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206987006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268788005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:52824009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:59770006 UMLS_CUI:C0476254 disease_ontology DOID:4428 Xref MGI. dyslexia DOID:4428 A reading disorder resulting from a developmental reading disability involving the inability to process graphic symbols resulting in impairment of reading ability. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyslexia A writing disorder that involves a deficiency in the ability to write where the writing is distorted or incorrect, spelling difficulty, poor handwriting or trouble putting thoughts on paper. MSH:D000381 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:158321001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206990000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:27206009 UMLS_CUI:C0001825 disease_ontology DOID:4540 dysgraphia DOID:4540 A writing disorder that involves a deficiency in the ability to write where the writing is distorted or incorrect, spelling difficulty, poor handwriting or trouble putting thoughts on paper. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgraphia url:http://www.ncld.org/ld-basics/ld-aamp-language/written-expression/dysgraphia url:http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/dysgraphia/dysgraphia.htm An agnosia that involves a severe problem with recalling words or names. MSH:D000849 NCI:C34386 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:10325006 UMLS_CUI:C0003113 Anomic aphasia (finding) anomia disease_ontology DOID:4541 nominal aphasia DOID:4541 An agnosia that involves a severe problem with recalling words or names. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal_aphasia Anomic aphasia (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:10325006 anomia CSP2005:1579-3166 An amnestic disorder that involves a loss of one's pre-existing memories to conscious recollection. MSH:D000648 NCI:C34372 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:158178004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206784007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:51921000 UMLS_CUI:C0002624 disease_ontology DOID:4543 retrograde amnesia DOID:4543 An amnestic disorder that involves a loss of one's pre-existing memories to conscious recollection. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia MSH:D020240 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:229706001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:333633007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:334621009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:39746003 UMLS_CUI:C0234523 Classic apraxia (finding) [Ambiguous] Ideomotor dyspraxia (disorder) Limb-kinetic apraxia (finding) Transcortical apraxia (finding) disease_ontology DOID:4627 ideomotor apraxia DOID:4627 Classic apraxia (finding) [Ambiguous] SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:39746003 Ideomotor dyspraxia (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:229706001 Limb-kinetic apraxia (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:334621009 Transcortical apraxia (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:333633007 DOID:4737 A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. The common feature of this kind of disorders is the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition and are not fully explained by a general medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastornos somatomorfos DOID:10133 DOID:13918 DOID:144 ICD9CM:300.8 ICD9CM:306.8 MSH:D013001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154892001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191743005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192035008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192430009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192431008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192437007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31297008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:397795007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:397826007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:397923000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:60368009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:9514005 UMLS_CUI:C0029824 UMLS_CUI:C0037650 UMLS_CUI:C0520482 physiological malfunction arising from mental factor psychophysiologic disorder psychosomatic disorder disease_ontology DOID:4737 somatoform disorder MFOMD_0000034 DOID:4737 A disease of mental health that involves physical symptoms suggesting a physical illness where the biological or medical cause of the symptoms is indeterminate. url:http://allpsych.com/disorders/somatoform/index.html url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatoform_disorder psychosomatic disorder CSP2005:2482-7019 MSH:D018783 UMLS_CUI:C0243000 disease_ontology DOID:4762 vasculogenic impotence DOID:4762 An anxiety disorder that involves discress but neither delusions nor hallucinations. DOID:6342 DOID:9687 MSH:D000275 MSH:D003866 MSH:D009497 NCI:C34533 NCI:C34848 NCI:C35369 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:111475002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154881002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154889000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191740008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191748001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192372006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192442004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268632008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268753005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:78667006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:87414006 UMLS_CUI:C0011579 UMLS_CUI:C0027932 UMLS_CUI:C0282126 Neurotic depression reactive type Neurotic depressive state Psychoneurosis NOS depressive neurosis neurosis neurotic depression reactive depression disease_ontology DOID:4964 neurotic disorder DOID:4964 An anxiety disorder that involves discress but neither delusions nor hallucinations. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurosis Neurotic depression reactive type SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:191740008 Neurotic depressive state MTHICD9_2006:300.4 Psychoneurosis NOS MTHICD9_2006:300.9 depressive neurosis MTH:NOCODE neurosis CSP2005:2483-6707 An agnosia that results in the loss of the ability to consciously recognize familiar faces. MSH:D020238 NCI:C85031 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:18358003 UMLS_CUI:C0234512 disease_ontology DOID:4970 prosopagnosia DOID:4970 An agnosia that results in the loss of the ability to consciously recognize familiar faces. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnosia A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of phencyclidine (PCP) drugs despite negative consequences. MSH:D010623 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:7071007 UMLS_CUI:C0031391 PCP abuse (disorder) Phencyclidine abuse disease_ontology DOID:5062 phencyclidine abuse DOID:5062 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of phencyclidine (PCP) drugs despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phencyclidine PCP abuse (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:7071007 Phencyclidine abuse MTHICD9_2006:305.9 A disease of mental health that is an abnormal and excessive emotional and behavioral reaction to a life stress that develops within 3 months of a life stress, and which is stronger or greater than what would be expected for the type of event that occurred. ICD9CM:309 ICD9CM:309.9 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:17226007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192068001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268781004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:367487002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:63608001 UMLS_CUI:C0040701 adjustment disease adjustment reaction disease_ontology DOID:507 adjustment disorder DOID:507 A disease of mental health that is an abnormal and excessive emotional and behavioral reaction to a life stress that develops within 3 months of a life stress, and which is stronger or greater than what would be expected for the type of event that occurred. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjustment_disorder url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adjustment-disorders/basics/definition/con-20031704 url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000932.htm An amnestic disorder that involves the impaired or lost ability to memorize new things. MSH:D020324 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:206789002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:88822006 UMLS_CUI:C0233795 disease_ontology DOID:5340 anterograde amnesia DOID:5340 An amnestic disorder that involves the impaired or lost ability to memorize new things. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesia DOID:535 A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. Primary sleep disorders are those in which none of another mental disorder, a general medical condition or a substance is responsible. This disorders are presumed to arise from endogenous abnormalities in sleep-wake generating or timing mechanisms, often complicated by conditioning factors, and are subdivided into: Dyssomnias and Parasomnias. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) trastornos del sueño DOID:9028 ICD9CM:307.4 MSH:D012893 UMLS_CUI:C0154564 Non-organic sleep disorder disease_ontology DOID:535 sleep disorder MFOMD_0000087 DOID:535 A disease of mental health that involves disruption of sleep patterns. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_disorder Non-organic sleep disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192453005 DOID:5418 A psychotic disorder that is characterized by recurring episodes of mood fluctuations and a loss of contact with reality. Is a disorder in which a mood episode and the active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia occur together and were preceded or are followed by at least two weeks of delusions or hallucinations without prominent mood symptoms. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 295.70 F25.x .0 bipolar type .1 depressive type ICD9CM:295.7 MSH:D011618 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191567000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191568005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191575006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192345003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231490005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:68890003 UMLS_CUI:C0036337 disease_ontology DOID:5418 schizoaffective disorder MFOMD_0000093 DOID:5418 A psychotic disorder that is characterized by recurring episodes of mood fluctuations and a loss of contact with reality. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizoaffective_disorder url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000930.htm DOID:5419 A long-term mental disorder of a type involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, and behaviour, leading to faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and personal relationships into fantasy and delusion, and a sense of mental fragmentation. A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. esquizofrenia - Lack of insight - Auditory hallucinations - Ideas of reference - Delusions of reference - Suspiciousness - Flatness of affect - Delusional mood - Delusions of persecution - Thought alienation - Thoughts spoken aloud ICD-10 diagnostic criteria At least one present most of the time for a month - Thought echo, insertion or withdrawal, or thought broadcast - Delusions of control referred to body parts, actions, or sensations - Delusional perception - Hallucinatory voices giving a running commentary, discussing the patient, or coming from some part of the patient’s body - Persistent bizarre or culturally inappropriate delusions Or at least two present most of the time for a month - Persistent daily hallucinations accompanied by delusions - Incoherent or irrelevant speech - Catatonic behaviour such as stupor or posturing - Negative symptoms such as marked apathy, blunted or incongruous mood 295.xx F20.xx DOID:14734 EFO:0000692 ICD9CM:295.8 ICD9CM:295.80 MSH:D012559 OMIM:181500 UMLS_CUI:C0029838 UMLS_CUI:C0220702 schizophrenia-1 disease_ontology DOID:5419 OMIM mapping confirmed by DO. [SN]. People with schizophrenia typically hear voices (auditory hallucinations), which often criticise or abuse them. The voices may speak directly to the patient, comment on their actions, or discuss the patients among themselves. Often this people try to make some sense of these hallucinations, and this can lead to the development of strange beliefs or delusions (mild symptoms can occur in healthy people and are not associated with illness). Schizophrenia typically presents in early adulthood or late adolescence. Men have an earlier age of onset than women, and also tend to experience a more serious form of the illness with more negative symptoms, less chance of a full recovery, and a generally worse outcome. The greatest risk factor for schizophrenia is a positive family history, although the risks in general point to an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors that drive increasingly deviant development and finally frank psychosis. Stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines can induce a picture clinically identical to paranoid schizophrenia, and recent reports have also implicated cannabis. More than 80% of patients with their first episode of psychosis will recover, although less than 20% will never have another episode. While many patients with schizophrenia have a lifelong vulnerability to recurrent episodes of illness, a large proportion will have few relapses and make a good functional recovery. An acute onset, an obvious psychosocial precipitant, and good premorbid adjustment all can improve the prognosis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1914490/pdf/bmj-335-7610-cr-00091.pdf schizophrenia MFOMD_0000000 DOID:5419 A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia An anxiety disorder where fear and anxiety are triggered by a specific stimulus or situation. ICD9CM:300.2 ICD9CM:300.20 MSH:D010698 NCI:C35420 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154884005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191720001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191721002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191734001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192393009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192398000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268630000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:386808001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:386810004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:52039009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:65673007 UMLS_CUI:C0349231 disease_ontology DOID:591 phobic disorder DOID:591 An anxiety disorder where fear and anxiety are triggered by a specific stimulus or situation. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder DOID:593 A phobic disorder involving the specific anxiety about being in a place or situation where escape is difficult or embarrassing or where help may be unavailable. Agoraphobia is anxiety about, or avoidance of, places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or in which help may not be amiable in the event of having a panic attack or panic-like symptoms. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) agorafobia Some of the following patterns have been found in patients with Agoraphobia. - Some physical or psychological stressor. - Altered physical sensation, such as increased heart rate and over-breathing. - Faulty appraisal, such as incorrectly interpreting the symptoms as representing a severe physical problem- a heart attack or loss of control. - Avoidance of the situation associated with the fear. the attack were described as highly aversive, and the patients' belief that they represented a pathological outcome intensified the fear. this lead to avoidance. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) MSH:D000379 NCI:C34362 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154885006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192394003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:247830007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:70691001 UMLS_CUI:C0001818 Fear of open spaces (finding) disease_ontology DOID:593 The anxiety typically leads to a pervasive avoidance of a variety of situations that may include being alone outside the home or being home alone; being in a crowd of people; travelling in automobile, bus, or airplane; or being on a bridge or in an elevator. The differential diagnosis to distinguish agoraphobia from social and specific phobia and from severe separation anxiety disorder can be difficult because all of this conditions are characterised by avoidance of specific situations. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) agoraphobia MFOMD_0000035 DOID:593 A phobic disorder involving the specific anxiety about being in a place or situation where escape is difficult or embarrassing or where help may be unavailable. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anxiety_disorder Fear of open spaces (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:247830007 DOID:594 An anxiety disorder that is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress. Psychiatric disorder in which debilitating anxiety and fear arise frequently and without reasonable cause. trastorno de pánico Individuals with panic disorder report intense panic attacks alternating with periods of somewhat low anxiety, during which they may be apprehensive about having another panic attack. Some physical symptoms that the people report during the attack are: - breathlessness - sweating - choking - nausea - heart palpitations. An example of a patient describing her feelings is this: “ It happened so suddenly. Without warning I felt like I had been swept up in a tornado! … my pulse was pounding, my palms were drenched with sweat, and my throat was closing up, leaving me gasping for air. I felt paralyzed with fear, convinced I was going to die.“ EFO:0004262 MSH:D016584 NCI:C34890 OMIM:167870 OMIM:607853 OMIM:609985 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191705007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192400001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268627007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:371631005 UMLS_CUI:C0030319 panic anxiety syndrome disease_ontology DOID:594 Anxiety itself is the major disturbance in this disorder, which is characterized by severe frightening episodes of apprehension and feelings of impending doom. These episodes are often described as horrible and can last from a few minutes to several hours. According to DSM-IV-TR, a diagnosis of panic disorder includes recurrent unexpected panic attacks and at least one month of apprehension over having another attack or worrying about the consequences of an attack. The attacks are especially fared because they often occur unpredictably and without warning. Many patients report a disturbed childhood environment that involved anxiety over separation from parents, family conflicts, or school problems. Others indicate that they first experienced after some forms of separation, such as leaving home, or after the loss or threatened loss of a loved one. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. Xref MGI. panic disorder MFOMD_0000026 DOID:594 An anxiety disorder that is characterized by unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear accompanied by physical symptoms that may include chest pain, heart palpitations, shortness of breath, dizziness, or abdominal distress. url:http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/panic-disorder/index.shtml panic anxiety syndrome CSP2005:4000-0280 DOID:599 A phobic disorder that is characterized by an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations. Extreme fear of a specific object or situation. Understanding abnormal behavior&quot;. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. fobia específica - Excessive or irrational fear of a specific object or situation. - Avoiding the object or situation or enduring it with great distress. - Physical symptoms of anxiety or a panic attack, such as a pounding heart, nausea or diarrhea, sweating, trembling or shaking, numbness or tingling, problems with breathing (shortness of breath), feeling dizzy or lightheaded, feeling like you are choking. - Anticipatory anxiety, which involves becoming nervous ahead of time about being in certain situations or coming into contact with the object of your phobia. (For example, a person with a fear of dogs may become anxious about going for a walk because he or she may see a dog along the way.) Children with a specific phobia may express their anxiety by crying, clinging to a parent, or throwing a tantrum. http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/specific-phobias 300.29 F40.2 NCI:C35284 OMIM:608251 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192396001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:54587008 UMLS_CUI:C0236801 simple phobia disease_ontology DOID:599 Exposure to the stimulus nearly always produces intense anxiety or a panic attack. Specific phobias are about twice as prevalent in women as in men and are rearely incapacitating. The degree to which they interfere with daily life depends on how easy is to avoid the feared object or situation. The phobias often begin during childhood. Is plausible that phobias may result from an interaction of biological, cognitive, and environmental factors. According to the psychodynamic viewpoint, phobias are expressions of wishes, fears and fantasies that are unacceptable to the patient. these unconscious conflicts are displaced (or shifted) from their original internal source to an external object or situation; the person blocks from consciousness the real source of anxiety and is able to avoid the dangerous impulse that the phobia represents. DSM-IV-TR divides specific phobias into five types: 1.- Animal (such as spiders or snakes) 2.- Natural environmental ( such as earthquakes, thunder, water) 3.- Blood/injections or injury; individuals with this type of phobia, as opposed to other phobias, are likely to have a history of fainting in the phobic situation. 4.- Situational (includes fear of traveling in cars, planes, and elevators and fear of heights, tunnels, and bridges) 5.- Other (phobic avoidance of situations that may lead to choking, vomiting, or contracting an illness) "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. specific phobia MFOMD_0000016 DOID:599 A phobic disorder that is characterized by an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_phobia url:http://www.healthyplace.com/other-info/psychiatric-disorder-definitions/specific-simple-phobia/menu-id-71/ A specific phobia that involves a fear caused by the presence or thought of a specific animal that poses little or no danger at all. NCI:C35273 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192396001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:247848003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:54307006 UMLS_CUI:C0233711 Fear of animals (finding) Zoophobia (finding) disease_ontology DOID:600 animal phobia DOID:600 A specific phobia that involves a fear caused by the presence or thought of a specific animal that poses little or no danger at all. url:http://hubpages.com/hub/list-of-animal-phobias Fear of animals (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:247848003 Zoophobia (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:54307006 NCI:C35492 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191730005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:300930008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:34563004 UMLS_CUI:C0233705 Fear of getting cancer (finding) cancer phobia disease_ontology DOID:602 cancerophobia DOID:602 Fear of getting cancer (finding) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:34563004 cancer phobia SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:300930008 NCI:C35614 UMLS_CUI:C0853870 disease_ontology DOID:603 AIDS phobia DOID:603 A specific phobia that is characterized by a fear of flying. NCI:C35413 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192045005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:247854002 UMLS_CUI:C0344318 disease_ontology DOID:605 flying phobia DOID:605 A specific phobia that is characterized by a fear of flying. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear_of_flying DOID:6088 An anxiety disorder that has_symptom flashbacks, has_symptom bad dreams, has_symptom frightening thoughts, has_symptom avoidance or has_symptom hyperarousal of PTSD occurring within one month of a traumatic experience as Acute Stress Disorder or ASD. Disorder that results from exposure to a traumatic stressor that results in dissociation, reliving the experience, and attempts to avoid reminders events. Understanding abnormal behavior&quot;. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. trastorno por estrés agudo Either while experiencing the traumatic event or after the event, the individual has at least three of the following dissociative symptoms: - A subjective sense of numbing, detachment or absence of emotional responsiveness - A reduction in awareness of his or her surroundings - Derealization - Depersonalization - Dissociative amnesia They may experience difficulty concentrating, feel deterched from their bodies, experience the world as unreal or dreamlike, or have increasing difficulty recalling specific details of the traumatic event. At list one of the symptoms from each of the symptoms clusters required for posttraumatic stress disorder is presents. - The traumatic event is persistently reexperienced (e.g. recurrent recollections, images, thoughts, dreams, illusions, flashback episodes, a sense of reliving the event, or distress on exposure to reminders of the event.) - Reminders of the traumas (e.g. places, people, activities) are avoided. - hyperarousal in response to stimuli reminiscent of the trauma is present (e.g., difficulty sleeping, irritability, poor concentration, hypervigilance, and exaggerated startle response, and motor restlessness.) DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association) 308.3 F43.0 ICD9CM:308.3 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192040000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192043003 UMLS_CUI:C0029488 traumatic stress disorder disease_ontology DOID:6088 In this disorder, following the trauma, the traumatic event is persistently reexperienced, and the individual displays marked avoidance of stimuli that may arouse recollections of the trauma and has marked symptoms of anxiety or increased arousal. The disturbance lasts for a minimum of 2 days and a maximum of 4 weeks after the traumatic event; if symptoms persist beyond 4 weeks, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder may be applied. Individuals with this disorder may have a decrease in emotional responsiveness, often finding it difficult or impossible to experience pleasure in previously enjoyable activities, and frequently feel guilty about pursuing usual life tasks. If the trauma led to another's death or to serious injury, survivors may feel guilt about having remanded intact or about not providing enough help to others. Individuals with this disorder often perceived themselves to have greater responsibility for the consequences of the trauma than is warranted. There is some evidence that social supports, family history, childhood experiences, personality variables, and preexisting mental disorders may influence the development of Acute Stress Disorder. This disorder can develop in individuals without any predisposing conditions, particularly if the stressor is especially extreme. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) acute stress disorder MFOMD_0000019 DOID:6088 An anxiety disorder that has_symptom flashbacks, has_symptom bad dreams, has_symptom frightening thoughts, has_symptom avoidance or has_symptom hyperarousal of PTSD occurring within one month of a traumatic experience as Acute Stress Disorder or ASD. url:http://ptsd.about.com/od/causesanddevelopment/a/acutestress.htm A delusional disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, or other close family member has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. MSH:D002194 NCI:C34446 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:44906001 UMLS_CUI:C0006895 Capgras delusion theory disease_ontology DOID:6680 Capgras syndrome DOID:6680 A delusional disorder in which a person holds a delusion that a friend, spouse, parent, or other close family member has been replaced by an identical-looking impostor. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capgras_delusion A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of amphetamines despite negative consequences. DOID:12067 DOID:14436 DOID:669 ICD9CM:305.7 UMLS_CUI:C0154536 disease_ontology DOID:670 amphetamine abuse DOID:670 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of amphetamines despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphetamine_Abuse An acute stress disorder that involves neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress. MSH:D003130 NCI:C34498 UMLS_CUI:C0009426 Combat Neurosis disease_ontology DOID:6950 combat disorder DOID:6950 An acute stress disorder that involves neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress. url:http://neurolex.org/wiki/Category:Combat_Disorder Combat Neurosis NCI2004_11_17:C34498 DOID:778 A psychotic disorder that involves an uncommon psychiatric condition in which patients present with circumscribed symptoms of non-bizarre delusions, but with the absence of prominent hallucinations and no thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening effect. Is characterised by at least one month of nonbizarre delusions without other active-phase symptoms of schizophrenia. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 297.1 F22.0 ICD9CM:297.1 MSH:D012563 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192330005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:48500005 UMLS_CUI:C0011251 disease_ontology DOID:778 Criterion A for delusional disorder no longer has the requirement that the delusions must be nonbizarre. DSM-5 no longer separates delusional disorder from shared delusional disorder. If criteria are met for delusional disorder then that diagnosis is made. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) delusional disorder MFOMD_0000094 DOID:778 A psychotic disorder that involves an uncommon psychiatric condition in which patients present with circumscribed symptoms of non-bizarre delusions, but with the absence of prominent hallucinations and no thought disorder, mood disorder, or significant flattening effect. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusional_disorder A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of cocaine despite negative consequences. ICD9CM:305.6 ICD9CM:305.60 MSH:D019970 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:78267003 UMLS_CUI:C0009171 disease_ontology DOID:809 cocaine abuse DOID:809 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of cocaine despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_Abuse A bipolar disorder that involves recurrent hypomanic and dysthymic episodes, but no full manic episodes or full major depressive episodes. ICD9CM:301.1 ICD9CM:301.10 ICD9CM:301.13 MSH:D003527 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:14697007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191751008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191752001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191754000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191755004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192383002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268756002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:286737005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:386798001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:76105009 UMLS_CUI:C0010598 Affective personality disorder Cycloid personality Cyclothymia Cyclothymic personality disease_ontology DOID:845 cyclothymic disorder DOID:845 A bipolar disorder that involves recurrent hypomanic and dysthymic episodes, but no full manic episodes or full major depressive episodes. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder Affective personality disorder ICD9CM_2006:301.1 Cycloid personality MTHICD9_2006:301.13 Cyclothymia SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:192383002 Cyclothymic personality SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:268756002 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of barbiturate drugs despite negative consequences. ICD9CM:305.43 UMLS_CUI:C0154529 disease_ontology DOID:8519 barbiturate abuse DOID:8519 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of barbiturate drugs despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbiturate A sleep disorder that involves recurring bouts of excessive amounts of sleepiness. ICD9CM:327.13 MSH:D006970 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:426451004 UMLS_CUI:C0751226 primary recurrent hypersomnia disease_ontology DOID:8619 recurrent hypersomnia DOID:8619 A sleep disorder that involves recurring bouts of excessive amounts of sleepiness. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypersomnia ICD9CM:293.1 MSH:D003693 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191507002 UMLS_CUI:C0154333 Subacute delirium (disorder) disease_ontology DOID:8645 subacute delirium DOID:8645 Subacute delirium (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:191507002 DOID:8646 In this disorder the psychotic symptoms are judged to be a direct physiological consequence of a drug of abuse, a medication, or toxin exposure. DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association) substance-induced psychotic disorder ICD9CM:293.89 UMLS_CUI:C0154334 disease_ontology DOID:8646 substance-induced psychosis MFOMD_0000098 DOID:8646 DOID:8670 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and emotional health. trastornos de la conducta alimentaria ICD9CM:307.50 MSH:D001068 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192444003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192452000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:72366004 UMLS_CUI:C0013473 disease_ontology DOID:8670 These disorders are characterised by severe disturbances in eating behaviour, from which a perception of body shape and weight is an essential feature of them. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) eating disorder MFOMD_0000071 DOID:8670 A specific developmental disorder that is characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the detriment of an individual's physical and emotional health. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorder DOID:8689 An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image. Disorder characterised by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight, the individual is intensely afraid of gaining weight, and exhibits a significant disturbance in the perception of the shape or size of his or her body. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) anorexia nerviosa 307.1 F50.0 ICD9CM:307.1 MSH:D000856 NCI:C34387 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154926005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192445002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:56882008 UMLS_CUI:C0003125 disease_ontology DOID:8689 People with anorexia see themselves as overweight even though they are dangerously thin. The process of eating becomes an obsession to them. Unusual eating habits develop, such as avoiding what they perceive as high caloric food and meals, picking out a few foods and eating only these in small quantities, or carefully weighing and portioning food. People with anorexia may repeatedly check their body weight and many engage in other techniques to control their weight, such as intense and compulsive exercise or purging by means of vomiting and abuse of laxatives, enemas, and diuretics. http://www.psychologytoday.com/conditions/anorexia-nervosa anorexia nervosa MFOMD_0000072 DOID:8689 An eating disorder characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight due to a distorted self image. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anorexia_nervosa A dementia that involves impairments in cognitive function caused by problems in blood vessels that feed the brain. DOID:13915 MSH:D015161 NCI:C34522 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154850006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191462009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192165000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192167008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192171006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268613002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:429998004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:56267009 UMLS_CUI:C0011263 UMLS_CUI:C0011269 Multi Infarct Dementia multifocal dementia disease_ontology DOID:8725 vascular dementia DOID:8725 A dementia that involves impairments in cognitive function caused by problems in blood vessels that feed the brain. url:http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vascular-dementia/DS00934 url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000739.htm Multi Infarct Dementia MTH:NOCODE NCI2004_11_17:C34522 multifocal dementia CSP2005:0485-6862 A specific developmental disorder that involves difficulty in scholastic skills such as reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling and/or organizing information resulting from the brain's inability to receive and process information. DOID:2847 MSH:D007859 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154973004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154974005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:1855002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192531005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:247576004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:367332004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:389991004 UMLS_CUI:C0023186 UMLS_CUI:C0751265 Academic skill disorder learning disorder disease_ontology DOID:8927 learning disability DOID:8927 A specific developmental disorder that involves difficulty in scholastic skills such as reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling and/or organizing information resulting from the brain's inability to receive and process information. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_disability url:http://www.ldonline.org/ldbasics/whatisld Academic skill disorder SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:1855002 learning disorder CSP2005:2483-6402 A sleep disorder that involves an excessive urge to sleep at inappropriate times, such as while at work. DOID:8985 EFO:0000614 ICD10CM:G47.4 ICD9CM:347.0 MSH:D009290 NCI:C84489 OMIM:161400 OMIM:605841 OMIM:609039 OMIM:612417 OMIM:612851 OMIM:614223 OMIM:614250 ORDO:2073 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:155059003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:267702006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:60380001 UMLS_CUI:C0027404 Narcolepsy, without cataplexy paroxysmal sleep disease_ontology DOID:8986 Xref MGI. narcolepsy DOID:8986 A sleep disorder that involves an excessive urge to sleep at inappropriate times, such as while at work. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy paroxysmal sleep CSP2005:2056-7716 A sleep disorder that involves abnormal behavior including the acting out of violent or dramatic dreams during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement. ICD9CM:327.42 MSH:D020187 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:415238003 UMLS_CUI:C0751772 Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder disease_ontology DOID:9091 REM sleep behavior disorder DOID:9091 A sleep disorder that involves abnormal behavior including the acting out of violent or dramatic dreams during the sleep phase with rapid eye movement. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_behavior_disorder A communication disorder that involves difficulty with the act of speech production. MSH:D013064 NCI:C5041 UMLS_CUI:C0037822 disease_ontology DOID:92 speech disorder DOID:92 A communication disorder that involves difficulty with the act of speech production. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_disorders A sleep disorder that involves involuntary limb movement during sleep. ICD9CM:327.51 MSH:D020189 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:418763003 UMLS_CUI:C0751774 nocturnal myoclonus disease_ontology DOID:9207 periodic limb movement disorder DOID:9207 A sleep disorder that involves involuntary limb movement during sleep. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_limb_movement_disorder A sleep apnea that is characterized by a malfunction of the basic neurological controls for breathing rate and the failure to give the signal to inhale, causing the individual to miss one or more cycles of breathing. ICD10CM:G47.31 ICD9CM:327.21 MSH:D020182 OMIM:107640 OMIM:207720 UMLS_CUI:C0751762 primary central sleep apnea disease_ontology central sleep apnea syndrome DOID:9220 Xref MGI. central sleep apnea DOID:9220 A sleep apnea that is characterized by a malfunction of the basic neurological controls for breathing rate and the failure to give the signal to inhale, causing the individual to miss one or more cycles of breathing. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sleep_apnea url:http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sleep-apnea/basics/definition/con-20020286 url:http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sleepapnea/ A communication disorder that involves the processing of linguistic information. MSH:D007806 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:62305002 UMLS_CUI:C0023015 disease_ontology DOID:93 language disorder DOID:93 A communication disorder that involves the processing of linguistic information. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_disorder ICD9CM:302.1 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154907002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268763002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31997002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:81463002 UMLS_CUI:C0152186 Zoophilia disease_ontology DOID:9336 bestiality DOID:9336 Zoophilia ICD9CM_2006:302.1 An endogenous depression that involves intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth. MSH:D019052 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:147016002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154889000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191740008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192475007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268753005 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:279225001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:58703003 UMLS_CUI:C0221074 Maternity blues (disorder) postnatal depression disease_ontology DOID:9478 postpartum depression DOID:9478 An endogenous depression that involves intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder Maternity blues (disorder) SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:279225001 postnatal depression CSP2005:5003-0032 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of cannabis despite negative consequences. DOID:2525 ICD9CM:305.2 MSH:D002189 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268769003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:37344009 UMLS_CUI:C0006868 UMLS_CUI:C0024809 marijuana abuse disease_ontology DOID:9505 cannabis abuse DOID:9505 A substance abuse that involves the recurring use of cannabis despite negative consequences. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_%28drug%29 marijuana abuse CSP2005:0962-7919 A withdrawal disorder that is characterized by a group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive illegal or prescription drugs while in the mother's womb or postnatally following the discontinuance of drug treatment. DOID:6679 ICD9CM:779.5 MSH:D009357 NCI:C87101 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:414819007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:61628006 UMLS_CUI:C0027609 UMLS_CUI:C1332133 Drug withdrawal syndrome in newborn disease_ontology DOID:9828 neonatal abstinence syndrome DOID:9828 A withdrawal disorder that is characterized by a group of problems that occur in a newborn who was exposed to addictive illegal or prescription drugs while in the mother's womb or postnatally following the discontinuance of drug treatment. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_abstinence_syndrome url:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0004566/ Drug withdrawal syndrome in newborn SNOMEDCT_2005_07_31:61628006 A specific developmental disorder that involves disordered motor skills where coordinated muscle movement is impaired. ICD9CM:315.4 MSH:D019957 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192578006 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:27544004 UMLS_CUI:C0011757 disease_ontology DOID:9923 developmental coordination disorder DOID:9923 A specific developmental disorder that involves disordered motor skills where coordinated muscle movement is impaired. url:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001533.htm DOID:9973 When an individual persists in use of alcohol or other drugs despite problems related to use of the substance, substance dependence may be diagnosed. Compulsive and repetitive use may result in tolerance to the effect of the drug and withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. (DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association, 2000) A substance-related disorder that involves the continued use of alcohol or other drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance. substance addiction NCI:C35458 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:103326000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:255338002 UMLS_CUI:C0439857 disease_ontology DOID:9973 ICD-10 codes F10-F19 [WHO ICD:http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/F10-F19] Substance dependence can be diagnosed with physiological dependence, evidence of tolerance or withdrawal, or without physiological dependence. DSM-IV substance dependencies include: 303.90 Alcohol dependence 304.00 Opioid dependence 304.10 Sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic dependence (including benzodiazepine dependence and barbiturate dependence) 304.20 Cocaine dependence 304.30 Cannabis dependence 304.40 Amphetamine dependence (or amphetamine-like) 304.50 Hallucinogen dependence 304.60 Inhalant dependence 304.80 Polysubstance dependence 304.90 Phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-like) dependence 304.90 Other (or unknown) substance dependence 305.10 Nicotine dependence [Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction] substance dependence MFOMD_0000052 DOID:9973 A substance-related disorder that involves the continued use of alcohol or other drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_dependence A substance dependence that involves the continued use of drugs despite problems related to use of the substance. ICD9CM:304.6 ICD9CM:304.60 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191859004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191860009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191864000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268644006 UMLS_CUI:C0029792 disease_ontology DOID:9974 drug dependence DOID:9974 A substance dependence that involves the continued use of drugs despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_dependence DOID:9975 A substance addiction in which the substance compulsively consumed is cocaine (CHEBI:27958) A drug dependence that is a psychological dependency on the regular use of cocaine. 304.20 [DSM-IV Code] F14 [ICD-10 Code] Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of cocaine [ICD-10] cocaine addiction cocaine dependence [DSM-IV] ICD9CM:304.2 ICD9CM:304.20 MSH:D019970 NCI:C34492 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191829009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191830004 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191834008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192254002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:286934009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:31956009 UMLS_CUI:C0600427 disease_ontology DOID:9975 cocaine dependence MFOMD_0000058 DOID:9975 A drug dependence that is a psychological dependency on the regular use of cocaine. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine_dependence DOID:9976 A substance addiction in which the substance compulsively consumed is heroin (CHEBI:27808) An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of heroin despite problems related to use of the substance. heroin addiction MSH:D006556 NCI:C34694 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191817000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192220003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:231477003 UMLS_CUI:C0019337 disease_ontology DOID:9976 heroin dependence MFOMD_0000059 DOID:9976 An opiate dependence that involves the continued use of heroin despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opioid_dependence A drug dependence that involves the continued use of hallucinogenic drugs despite problems related to use of the substance. ICD9CM:304.5 ICD9CM:304.50 NCI:C34657 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191847003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191848008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:191852008 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:268643000 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:38247002 UMLS_CUI:C0018528 disease_ontology DOID:9977 hallucinogen dependence DOID:9977 A drug dependence that involves the continued use of hallucinogenic drugs despite problems related to use of the substance. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallucinogenic_drugs GO:0001661 A conditioned aversion to a specific chemical compound as a result of that compound being coupled with a noxious stimulus. conditioned taste aversion GO:0001662 An acute behavioral change resulting from a perceived external threat. behavioral fear response GO:0001967 Specific behavior of a newborn or infant mammal that results in the derivation of nourishment from the breast. suckling behavior GO:0002023 An eating behavior process whereby detection of a dietary excess results in a decrease in intake of nutrients. reduction of food intake in response to dietary excess GO:0002118 A behavioral interaction between organisms in which one organism has the intention of inflicting physical damage on another individual. aggressive behavior GO:0002120 Aggressive behavior involving attack on prey by a predator. predatory behavior GO:0002121 Aggressive behavior based on competition between males of the same species over access to resources such as females, dominance, status, etc. and characterized by noise, threats, and is often less injurious. inter-male aggressive behavior GO:0002122 Aggressive behavior associated with attempts to flee from a threat. fear-induced aggressive behavior GO:0002123 Aggressive behavior induced by frustration and directed against an available target. irritable aggressive behavior GO:0002124 Aggressive behavior performed in defence of a fixed area against intruders, typically conspecifics. territorial aggressive behavior GO:0002125 Aggressive behavior of a female to protect her offspring from a threat. maternal aggressive behavior GO:0002126 Aggressive behavior directed towards obtaining some goal, considered to be a learned response to a situation. instrumental aggressive behavior GO:0002209 A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat to that organism. behavioral defense response GO:0002210 A behavioral response resulting from wounding. behavioral response to wounding GO:0002211 A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from an insect or insects to that organism. behavioral defense response to insect GO:0002212 A behavioral response seeking to protect an organism from an a perceived external threat from a nematode or nematodes to that organism. behavioral defense response to nematode GO:0003051 The drinking behavior that is mediated by the action of angiotensin in the brain. Angiotensin stimulates the brain centers that control thirst. angiotensin-mediated drinking behavior GO:0007600 GO:0007610 The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. behavior GO:0007611 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. learning or memory GO:0007612 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. learning GO:0007613 The activities involved in the mental information processing system that receives (registers), modifies, stores, and retrieves informational stimuli. The main stages involved in the formation and retrieval of memory are encoding (processing of received information by acquisition), storage (building a permanent record of received information as a result of consolidation) and retrieval (calling back the stored information and use it in a suitable way to execute a given task). memory GO:0007614 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received a short time (up to about 30 minutes) ago. This type of memory is typically dependent on direct, transient effects of second messenger activation. short-term memory GO:0007615 The memory process that results in the formation of consolidated memory resistant to disruption of the patterned activity of the brain, without requiring protein synthesis. anesthesia-resistant memory GO:0007616 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information a long time (typically weeks, months or years) after receiving that information. This type of memory is typically dependent on gene transcription regulated by second messenger activation. long-term memory GO:0007617 The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of mating, or sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of zygotes. mating behavior GO:0007619 The behavioral interactions between organisms for the purpose of attracting sexual partners. courtship behavior GO:0007621 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances. negative regulation of female receptivity GO:0007622 The specific behavior of an organism that recur with measured regularity. rhythmic behavior GO:0007625 The specific behavior of an organism relating to grooming, cleaning and brushing to remove dirt and parasites. grooming behavior GO:0007626 The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to external or internal stimuli. Locomotion of a whole organism in a manner dependent upon some combination of that organism's internal state and external conditions. locomotory behavior GO:0007628 The behavior of an adult relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. adult walking behavior GO:0007629 The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of flight. Flight is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the air. flight behavior GO:0007630 The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to an external stimulus. jump response GO:0007631 Behavior associated with the intake of food. feeding behavior GO:0007632 The behavior of an organism in response to a visual stimulus. visual behavior GO:0007633 The actions or reactions of an individual in response to the orientation of a visual pattern. This is exemplified by some classes of insects which are able to detect and learn the orientation of a set of stripes and subsequently behaviorally discriminate between horizontal, vertical or 45 degree stripes. pattern orientation GO:0007634 The behavior of an organism pertaining to movement of the eyes and of objects in the visual field, as in nystagmus. optokinetic behavior GO:0007635 Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of chemicals. chemosensory behavior GO:0007636 The sudden, usually upward, movement off the ground or other surface through sudden muscular effort in the legs, following exposure to a chemical substance. chemosensory jump behavior GO:0007637 The extension, through direct muscle actions, of the proboscis (the trunk-like extension of the mouthparts on the adult external head) in response to a sugar stimulus. proboscis extension reflex GO:0007638 Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of a mechanical stimulus. mechanosensory behavior GO:0008049 The behavior of a male, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior GO:0008050 The behavior of a female, for the purpose of attracting a sexual partner. female courtship behavior GO:0008062 The timing of the emergence of the adult fly from its pupal case, which usually occurs at dawn. eclosion rhythm GO:0008306 Learning by associating a stimulus (the cause) with a particular outcome (the effect). associative learning GO:0008343 Feeding behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. adult feeding behavior GO:0008344 Locomotory behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. adult locomotory behavior GO:0008345 Locomotory behavior in a larval (immature) organism. larval locomotory behavior GO:0008346 The behavior of a larval organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. larval walking behavior GO:0008355 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs in response to (repeated) exposure to an olfactory cue. olfactory learning GO:0008542 Any process in an organism in which a change in behavior of an individual occurs in response to repeated exposure to a visual cue. visual learning GO:0016543 The process during courtship, where the male orients towards a potential partner. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior, orientation prior to leg tapping and wing vibration GO:0016544 The process during courtship where the male insect taps the female with his frontal leg. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior, tapping to detect pheromone GO:0016545 The process during courtship where the male insect vibrates his wings. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior, veined wing vibration GO:0016546 The process during courtship where the male fly licks the genitalia of a stationary female fly with his proboscis. An example of this is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior, proboscis-mediated licking GO:0018991 The deposition of eggs (either fertilized or not) upon a surface or into a medium such as water. oviposition GO:0019098 The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction. reproductive behavior GO:0022410 A behavioral process involved in the cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. circadian sleep/wake cycle process GO:0030534 Behavior in a fully developed and mature organism. adult behavior GO:0030536 Feeding behavior in a larval (immature) organism. larval feeding behavior GO:0030537 Behavior in a larval form of an organism, an immature organism that must undergo metamorphosis to assume adult characteristics. larval behavior GO:0031223 The behavior of an organism in response to a sound. auditory behavior GO:0032537 The specific behavior of an organism that are associated with finding a host organism; may include behavioral responses to light, temperature, or chemical emanations from the prospective host. host-seeking behavior GO:0034606 The response by the male to a hermaphrodite after initial contact following mate finding. The male stops forward locomotion, presses the ventral side of his tail against his partner's body, and begins moving backward along the hermaphrodite. Male response behavior is initiated when sensory neurons located in the rays of his tail contact a potential mate. response to hermaphrodite contact GO:0034607 The sharp ventral turn performed by the male as he approaches either the hermaphrodite head or tail, whilst trying to locate his partner's vulva. Turning occurs via a sharp ventral coil of the male's tail. turning behavior involved in mating GO:0034608 Location, by the male, of his partner's vulva when backing along the ventral side of the hermaphrodite during mating. The male stops at the vulva, coordinates his movements to the hermaphrodite's, and positions his tail precisely over the vulva so that he may insert his spicules and ejaculate. vulval location GO:0034609 Insertion of the male copulatory spicules into the hermaphrodite. Spicule insertion behavior initiates when the male cloaca contacts the vulva. During most mating encounters, the spicule tips will prod the vulva continuously until they partially penetrate, which then causes the protractors to contract completely so that the spicules extend through the vulva. spicule insertion GO:0035095 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nicotine stimulus. behavioral response to nicotine GO:0035106 Learning to anticipate future events on the basis of past experience with the consequences of one's own behavior. operant conditioning GO:0035176 Behavior directed towards society, or taking place between members of the same species. Occurs predominantly, or only, in individuals that are part of a group. social behavior GO:0035177 The movement of a larva through a feeding substrate whilst feeding on food. larval foraging behavior GO:0035178 Fine-tuning the spatial position of an organism in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of an organism in the direction of a food source. turning behavior GO:0035179 Fine-tuning the spatial position of a larva in response to variability in their environment. For example, reorientation of a larva in the direction of a food source. larval turning behavior GO:0035180 The movement of a third instar larva through a substrate in search of a pupation site. This movement occurs without feeding and is characterized by short bursts of forward movement, separated by stops and repeated side-to-side head probes, followed normally by a change in direction. larval wandering behavior GO:0035181 Digging into the substrate by non-feeding larvae in search for food-free sites suitable for pupation. larval burrowing behavior GO:0035187 The specific behavior of an organism during the emergence from an egg shell. In Drosophila for example, the larva swings its head reiteratively through a semicircular arc, using its mouth hooks to tear apart the chorion in front of it and thus free itself from within the egg shell. hatching behavior GO:0035199 The specific avoidance actions or reactions of an organism in response to the perception of salt. salt aversion GO:0035640 The specific behavior of an organism in response to a novel environment or stimulus. exploration behavior GO:0035641 The specific movement from place to place of an organism in response to a novel environment. locomotory exploration behavior GO:0035648 The fluctuation in mating behavior that occurs over an approximately 24 hour cycle. circadian mating behavior GO:0035737 The process of forcing a substance into another organism, either by penetrating the skin of the other organism or by applying the substance externally to a sensitive tissue such as those that surround the eyes. injection of substance in to other organism GO:0035738 The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the manifestation of some change or damage to the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modification of morphology or physiology of other organism GO:0036269 The response to external or internal stimuli that results in the locomotory process of swimming. Swimming is the self-propelled movement of an organism through the water. swimming behavior GO:0036343 The specific behavior of an organism that combines cognitive functions and physical movement. For example, driving a car, throwing a ball, or playing a musical instrument. psychomotor behavior GO:0040040 Behavior that is dependent upon the sensation of temperature. thermosensory behavior GO:0042048 The behavior of an organism in response to an odor. olfactory behavior GO:0042297 A behavioral process whose outcome is a relatively long-lasting behavioral change whereby an organism modifies innate vocalizations to imitate sounds produced by others. vocal learning GO:0042628 The deposition of a plug of sperm or other gelatinous material into the opening of the vulva by a male at the termination of copulation. Probably acts to prevent subsequent matings by other males. mating plug formation GO:0042630 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of deprivation of water. behavioral response to water deprivation GO:0042711 Female behaviors associated with the care and rearing of offspring. maternal behavior GO:0042712 Male behaviors associated with the care and rearing offspring. paternal behavior GO:0042745 The cycle from wakefulness through an orderly succession of sleep states and stages that occurs on an approximately 24 hour rhythm. circadian sleep/wake cycle GO:0042746 The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is not asleep. circadian sleep/wake cycle, wakefulness GO:0042747 A stage in the circadian sleep cycle during which dreams occur and the body undergoes marked changes including rapid eye movement, loss of reflexes, and increased pulse rate and brain activity. circadian sleep/wake cycle, REM sleep GO:0042748 All sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep. These stages are characterized by a slowing of brain waves and other physiological functions. circadian sleep/wake cycle, non-REM sleep GO:0042755 The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of food, any substance (usually solid) that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue. eating behavior GO:0042756 The specific behavior of an organism relating to the intake of liquids, especially water. drinking behavior GO:0043050 The contraction and relaxation movements of the pharyngeal muscle that mediate feeding in nematodes. pharyngeal pumping GO:0044358 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with vascular damage and hemorrhage in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in hemorrhagic damage to other organism GO:0044365 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change to the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of platelet aggregation in other organism GO:0044370 The process of forcing a substance into the bloodstream of another organism, whilst feeding on blood of other organism. The substance may facilitate the feeding process, e.g. by preventing the blood from clotting. injection of substance into other organism during feeding on blood of other organism GO:0044398 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the swelling of soft tissues of the bitten organism as a result of excess water accumulation. envenomation resulting in induction of edema in other organism GO:0044468 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of blood coagulation in other organism GO:0044469 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood coagulation in other organism GO:0044470 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of blood coagulation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood coagulation in other organism GO:0044471 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the aggregation, arrangement and bonding together of a set of components to form a pore complex in a membrane of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in pore formation in membrane of other organism GO:0044472 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of calcium channel activity in other organism GO:0044473 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a calcium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of calcium channel activity in other organism GO:0044474 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism GO:0044475 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a high voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism GO:0044476 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a low voltage-gated calcium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of low voltage-gated calcium channel activity in other organism GO:0044477 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism GO:0044478 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation, maintenance or an increase in the frequency, rate or extent of platelet aggregation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of platelet aggregation in other organism GO:0044479 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism GO:0044480 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of blood mast cell degranulation in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of mast cell degranulation in other organism GO:0044481 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant hydrolysis of proteins in of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in proteolysis in other organism GO:0044482 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism which causes damage to the extracellular matrix of the blood vessels of the bitten organism, ultimately resulting in hemorrhage in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in blood vessel extracellular matrix damage, causing hemorrhagic damage in other organism GO:0044483 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the process of hemostasis - the stopping of bleeding or the arrest of the circulation to an organ or part - in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in impairment of hemostasis in other organism GO:0044484 The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinolysis, a process that solubilizes fibrin, chiefly by the proteolytic action of plasmin, in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in fibrinolysis in other organism GO:0044485 The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with fibrinogenolysis, a process that degrades fibrinogen at a variety of Arg-Lys bonds, thus impairing fibrinogen clotting in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in fibrinogenolysis in other organism GO:0044487 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the transmission of nerve impulses in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of transmission of nerve impulse in other organism GO:0044492 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism GO:0044493 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant stopping, prevention or reduction of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism GO:0044494 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant activation or increase in the activity of the activity of a voltage-gated sodium channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of voltage-gated sodium channel activity in other organism GO:0044498 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of blood pressure in other organism GO:0044499 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant increase of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of blood pressure in other organism GO:0044500 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant decrease of the force with which blood travels through the circulatory system of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of blood pressure in other organism GO:0044509 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of signal transduction in other organism GO:0044510 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of signal transduction in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of signal transduction in other organism GO:0044511 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of receptor activity in of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of receptor activity in other organism GO:0044512 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism GO:0044513 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism GO:0044514 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of G-protein coupled receptor activity in other organism GO:0044515 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in of the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 activity in other organism GO:0044519 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism GO:0044520 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of the activity of a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor activity in other organism GO:0044521 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant muscle damage in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in muscle damage in other organism GO:0044522 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, killing heart myocytes and ultimately resulting in muscle damage in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in myocyte killing in other organism GO:0044523 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, damaging the extracellular matrix of muscle cells and ultimately resulting in muscle necrosis in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in damage of muscle extracellular matrix in other organism GO:0044534 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of apoptosis in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of apoptotic process in other organism GO:0044536 The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a reduction in the quantity of fibrinogen found in the bloodstream of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in depletion of circulating fibrinogen in other organism GO:0044543 The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the proteolytic processing of an inactive enzyme to an active form. envenomation resulting in zymogen activation in other organism GO:0044544 The process which begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of plasminogen into plasmin in the bitten organism. This process includes cleavage at an internal Arg-Val site to form an N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain held together by a disulfide bond, and can include further proteolytic cleavage events to remove the preactivation peptide. envenomation resulting in plasminogen activation in other organism GO:0044551 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with resultant vasodilation of blood vessels, usually causing a reduction in blood pressure, in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in vasodilation in other organism GO:0044556 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of the heart rate of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of heart rate of other organism GO:0044559 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism GO:0044560 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an ion channel in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of ion channel activity in other organism GO:0044562 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of voltage-gated potassium channel activity in other organism GO:0044563 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant slowing of the activation kinetics of the activity of a voltage-gated potassium channel in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in slowing of activation kinetics of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism GO:0044564 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant blocking of a voltage-gated potassium channel, inhibiting the pore's activity, in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in occlusion of the pore of voltage-gated potassium channel in other organism GO:0044624 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of cell migration in other organism GO:0044625 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of cell migration in other organism GO:0044626 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of cell migration in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of cell migration in other organism GO:0044636 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism GO:0044637 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the negative regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism GO:0044638 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the positive regulation of complement activation via the classical pathway of the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, classical pathway in other organism GO:0044639 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism GO:0044640 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism GO:0044641 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the lectin pathway in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, lectin pathway in other organism GO:0044642 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism GO:0044643 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant positive regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism GO:0044644 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant negative regulation of complement activation via the alternative pathway in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of complement activation, alternative pathway in other organism GO:0044646 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the resultant modulation of complement activation in the bitten/stung organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of complement activation in other organism GO:0044649 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with cytolysis in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in cytolysis in other organism GO:0044705 The specific behavior of an organism that is associated with reproduction involving another organism of the same or different species. multi-organism reproductive behavior GO:0044733 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant change in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism GO:0044734 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant positive regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism GO:0044735 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with a resultant negative regulation in the activity of an acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of acid-sensing ion channel activity in other organism GO:0044741 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the inhibition of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in negative regulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism GO:0044742 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the modulation of the sensory perception of pain in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in modulation of sensory perception of pain in other organism GO:0045297 The specific behavior of an organism following mating. post-mating behavior GO:0045433 The process during wing vibration where the male insect produces a species-specific acoustic signal called a love song. male courtship behavior, veined wing generated song production GO:0045434 Any process that stops, prevents or reduces the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating. negative regulation of female receptivity, post-mating GO:0045475 The rhythm of the locomotor activity of an organism during its 24 hour activity cycle. locomotor rhythm GO:0045924 Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the willingness or readiness of a female to receive male advances. regulation of female receptivity GO:0045925 Any process that activates or increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances. positive regulation of female receptivity GO:0046008 Any process that modulates the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating. regulation of female receptivity, post-mating GO:0046009 Any process that increases the receptiveness of a female to male advances subsequent to mating. positive regulation of female receptivity, post-mating GO:0046958 A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. nonassociative learning GO:0046959 A decrease in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. This is exemplified by the failure of a person to show a startle response to a loud noise that has been repeatedly presented. habituation GO:0046960 An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched. sensitization GO:0048047 The behavior of individuals for the purpose of discriminating between the sexes, for the purpose of finding a suitable mating partner. mating behavior, sex discrimination GO:0048065 The process during courtship where the male insect extends his wings. An example of this process is found in Drosophila melanogaster. male courtship behavior, veined wing extension GO:0048148 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a cocaine stimulus. behavioral response to cocaine GO:0048149 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ethanol stimulus. behavioral response to ethanol GO:0048150 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of an ether stimulus. behavioral response to ether GO:0048266 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. behavioral response to pain GO:0048512 The specific behavior of an organism that recurs with a regularity of approximately 24 hours. circadian behavior GO:0050802 The part of the circadian sleep/wake cycle where the organism is asleep. circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep GO:0051705 Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species. multi-organism behavior GO:0051780 Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a nutrient stimulus. behavioral response to nutrient GO:0051867 The set of behavioral processes that occur as part of the general adaptation syndrome, the response of the body to a strong, stressful stimulus. general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process GO:0060179 The specific behavior of a male organism that is associated with reproduction. male mating behavior GO:0060180 The specific behavior of a female organism that is associated with reproduction. female mating behavior GO:0060273 The behavior in which an organism sheds tears, often accompanied by non-verbal vocalizations and in response to external or internal stimuli. crying behavior GO:0060403 The deposition of eggs, either fertilized or not, upon a surface or into a medium, following mating. post-mating oviposition GO:0060746 A reproductive behavior in which a parent cares for and rears offspring. parental behavior GO:0060747 A parental behavior in which fertilized eggs are taken into the mouth and held until hatching. oral incubation GO:0060756 Behavior by which an organism locates food. foraging behavior GO:0060757 Behavior by which an adult locates food. adult foraging behavior GO:0060758 Foraging behavior in which an anatomical part of the organism is inserted into the substrate to locate food. foraging behavior by probing substrate GO:0061366 Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a chemical pain stimulus. behavioral response to chemical pain GO:0061367 Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of an acetic acid pain stimulus. behavioral response to acetic acid induced pain GO:0061368 Any process that results in a change in the behaviour of an organism as a result of a formalin pain stimulus. behavioral response to formalin induced pain GO:0061743 Any process in which an organism acquires a novel neuromuscular action or movement as the result of experience. motor learning GO:0061744 The specific neuromuscular movement of a single organism in response to external or internal stimuli. motor behavior GO:0071625 The behavior in which an organism produces sounds by a mechanism involving its respiratory system. vocalization behavior GO:0071632 Eye, head or whole body movements that help to compensate movements of the environment in order to stabilize its image on the retina. In the case of whole body movements, these motor actions may also stabilize a locomotor course in response to some disturbance. Examples include: the optokinetic reflex, which allows human eyes to follow objects in motion while the head remains stationary reflex; the optomotor responses of flying insects and swimming fish. optomotor response GO:0072375 The memory process that deals with the storage, retrieval and modification of information received at a time ago that is intermediate between that of short and long term memory (30min - 7hrs in Drosophila melanogaster). medium-term memory GO:0090659 The behavior of an organism relating to the progression of that organism along the ground by the process of lifting and setting down each leg. walking behavior GO:0097270 The temporary recovery of response to a stimulus when a novel stimulus is added. dishabituation GO:0098582 A vocalisation behavior that is innate, i.e. that does not need to be learned in order to occur. innate vocalization behavior GO:0098583 A vocalization behavior that is the result of learning. learned vocalization behavior GO:0098596 Learning in which new behaviors are acquired through imitation. imitative learning GO:0098597 Learning that occurs through observing the behavior of others. observational learning GO:0098598 Vocalisation behavior that is the result of learning, or the process by which new vocalizations are learned. learned vocalization behavior or vocal learning GO:0099127 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with the activation of the cytosolic argininosuccinate synthase in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in positive regulation of argininosuccinate synthase activity in other organism GO:1990142 A process that begins with venom being forced into an organism by the bite or sting of another organism, and ends with hemolysis in the bitten organism. envenomation resulting in hemolysis in other organism GO:1990708 The associative learning process by which an animal learns and remembers an association between a neutral, unchanging environment and a putatively rewarding, internal state produced by a xenobiotic or drug. conditioned place preference IAO:0000027 data item An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements. data item IAO:0000030 information content entity A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing. information content entity IAO:0000033 An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process. directive information entity IAO:0000078 curation status specification The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting) PERSON:Bill Bug GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> OBI_0000266 curation status specification IAO:0000102 data about an ontology part Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg data about an ontology part IAO:0000225 obsolescence reason specification The reason for which a term has been deprecated. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value. The creation of this class has been inspired in part by Werner Ceusters' paper, Applying evolutionary terminology auditing to the Gene Ontology. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot obsolescence reason specification IAO:0000409 denotator type The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. The Basic Formal Ontology ontology makes a distinction between Universals and defined classes, where the formal are "natural kinds" and the latter arbitrary collections of entities. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. A denotator type indicates how a term should be interpreted from an ontological perspective. Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters Barry Smith, Werner Ceusters denotator type denotator type IAO:8000000 ontology module I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it. I have placed this under 'data about an ontology part', but this can be discussed. I think this is OK if 'part' is interpreted reflexively, as an ontology module is the whole ontology rather than part of it. ontology file ontology file This class and it's subclasses are applied to OWL ontologies. Using an rdf:type triple will result in problems with OWL-DL. I propose that dcterms:type is instead used to connect an ontology URI with a class from this hierarchy. The class hierarchy is not disjoint, so multiple assertions can be made about a single ontology. This class and it's subclasses are applied to OWL ontologies. Using an rdf:type triple will result in problems with OWL-DL. I propose that dcterms:type is instead used to connect an ontology URI with a class from this hierarchy. The class hierarchy is not disjoint, so multiple assertions can be made about a single ontology. cjm 2018-05-20T20:55:03Z ontology module ontology module IAO:8000001 base ontology module An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. An ontology module that comprises only of asserted axioms local to the ontology, excludes import directives, and excludes axioms or declarations from external ontologies. cjm 2018-05-20T20:55:30Z base ontology module base ontology module IAO:8000002 editors ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. An ontology module that is intended to be directly edited, typically managed in source control, and typically not intended for direct consumption by end-users. source ontology module source ontology module cjm 2018-05-20T20:55:47Z editors ontology module editors ontology module IAO:8000003 main release ontology module An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. An ontology module that is intended to be the primary release product and the one consumed by the majority of tools. TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module TODO: Add logical axioms that state that a main release ontology module is derived from (directly or indirectly) an editors module cjm 2018-05-20T20:56:13Z main release ontology module main release ontology module IAO:8000004 bridge ontology module An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. An ontology module that consists entirely of axioms that connect or bridge two distinct ontology modules. For example, the Uberon-to-ZFA bridge module. cjm 2018-05-20T20:56:23Z bridge ontology module bridge ontology module IAO:8000005 import ontology module A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology. A subset ontology module that is intended to be imported from another ontology. TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process. TODO: add axioms that indicate this is the output of a module extraction process. import file import file cjm 2018-05-20T20:56:47Z import ontology module import ontology module IAO:8000006 subset ontology module An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. An ontology module that is extracted from a main ontology module and includes only a subset of entities or axioms. ontology slim ontology slim subset ontology subset ontology cjm 2018-05-20T20:58:11Z subset ontology module subset ontology module IAO:8000007 curation subset ontology module A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. A subset ontology that is intended as a whitelist for curators using the ontology. Such a subset will exclude classes that curators should not use for curation. cjm 2018-05-20T20:58:38Z curation subset ontology module curation subset ontology module IAO:8000008 analysis ontology module An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. An ontology module that is intended for usage in analysis or discovery applications. cjm 2018-05-20T20:58:49Z analysis subset ontology module analysis subset ontology module IAO:8000009 single layer ontology module A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. A subset ontology that is largely comprised of a single layer or strata in an ontology class hierarchy. The purpose is typically for rolling up for visualization. The classes in the layer need not be disjoint. ribbon subset ribbon subset cjm 2018-05-20T20:59:19Z single layer subset ontology module single layer subset ontology module IAO:8000010 exclusion subset ontology module A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. A subset of an ontology that is intended to be excluded for some purpose. For example, a blacklist of classes. antislim antislim cjm 2018-05-20T20:59:57Z exclusion subset ontology module exclusion subset ontology module IAO:8000011 external import ontology module An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. An imported ontology module that is derived from an external ontology. Derivation methods include the OWLAPI SLME approach. external import external import cjm 2018-05-20T21:00:14Z external import ontology module external import ontology module IAO:8000012 species subset ontology module A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. A subset ontology that is crafted to either include or exclude a taxonomic grouping of species. taxon subset taxon subset cjm 2018-05-20T21:14:16Z species subset ontology module species subset ontology module IAO:8000013 reasoned ontology module An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. An ontology module that contains axioms generated by a reasoner. The generated axioms are typically direct SubClassOf axioms, but other possibilities are available. cjm 2018-05-20T21:20:33Z reasoned ontology module reasoned ontology module IAO:8000014 generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV. An ontology module that is automatically generated, for example via a SPARQL query or via template and a CSV. TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process TODO: Add axioms (using PROV-O?) that indicate this is the output-of some reasoning process cjm 2018-05-20T21:21:12Z generated ontology module generated ontology module IAO:8000015 template generated ontology module An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template. An ontology module that is automatically generated from a template specification and fillers for slots in that template. cjm 2018-05-20T21:21:21Z template generated ontology module template generated ontology module IAO:8000016 taxonomic bridge ontology module cjm 2018-05-20T21:28:15Z taxonomic bridge ontology module taxonomic bridge ontology module IAO:8000017 ontology module subsetted by expressivity cjm 2018-05-22T04:15:54Z ontology module subsetted by expressivity ontology module subsetted by expressivity IAO:8000018 obo basic subset ontology module A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports A subset ontology that is designed for basic applications to continue to make certain simplifying assumptions; many of these simplifying assumptions were based on the initial version of the Gene Ontology, and have become enshrined in many popular and useful tools such as term enrichment tools. Examples of such assumptions include: traversing the ontology graph ignoring relationship types using a naive algorithm will not lead to cycles (i.e. the ontology is a DAG); every referenced term is declared in the ontology (i.e. there are no dangling clauses). An ontology is OBO Basic if and only if it has the following characteristics: DAG Unidirectional No Dangling Clauses Fully Asserted Fully Labeled No equivalence axioms Singly labeled edges No qualifier lists No disjointness axioms No owl-axioms header No imports cjm 2018-05-22T04:16:10Z obo basic subset ontology module obo basic subset ontology module IAO:8000019 ontology module subsetted by OWL profile cjm 2018-05-22T04:16:28Z ontology module subsetted by OWL profile ontology module subsetted by OWL profile IAO:8000020 EL++ ontology module cjm 2018-05-22T04:16:48Z EL++ ontology module EL++ ontology module IDO:0000504 An infection that is clinically abnormal. infectious disorder IDO:0000586 A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population. infection IDO:0000630 An infection resulting from a transmission process that unfolds in a hospital. hospital-acquired infection MFOMD:0000001 A disease which is a disposition to undergo pathological mental processes. mental health condition http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 The Mental Disease ontology follows the strategy of the Ontology of General Medical Science in distinguishing mental disease, mental disorder, diagnosis of mental disease, mental disease course and pathological mental process as separately distinguishable entities. Here is a quick guide to how these terms are used in this ontology. A mental disease is an underlying disposition to pathological mental processes. A mental disease course is the sum of the pathological mental processes that are caused by the underlying disease. A pathological mental process is a pathological process caused by a mental disease. A mental disorder is a physical disorder, for example, dysfunctional neurotransmitter receptors, altered brain connectivity, missing or damaged brain parts etc. The disorder is the material basis for the disease and it is by virtue of the disorder that the disease causes the pathological processes that form part of the disease course. A diagnosis of a mental disease is a clinician's statement that a patient has a mental disease by virtue of observable manifestations of that disease, such as behaviour, observable aspects of the underlying disorder, or self-reported experiences. mental disease MFOMD:0000002 A process addiction in which the subject makes compulsive use of Internet facilities. internet addiction MFOMD:0000003 An internet addiction in which the subject makes compulsive use of internet gaming facilities. internet gaming addiction MFOMD:0000004 A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. Clinically significant behavioural and/or cognitive pathology. ICD9CM:290-319.99 MSH:D001523 NCI:C2893 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154843007 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154971002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154972009 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:154980002 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192637001 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:192639003 SNOMEDCT_2010_1_31:74732009 UMLS_CUI:C0004936 disease_ontology DOID:150 While the ontology subscribes to the widely accepted theory that there is a biomedical basis for mental diseases, the standard descriptions of mental disorders focus solely on symptomatic descriptions. Therefore, we have classified the mental disorders beneath OGMS's 'disease course' via a parent class 'mental disease course' rather than classifying them as diseases. mental disorder DOID:150 A disease that involves a psychological or behavioral pattern generally associated with subjective distress or disability that occurs in an individual, and which are not a part of normal development or culture. url:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder MFOMD:0000005 An internet addiction in which the subject makes compulsive use of the Internet software Facebook. facebook addiction MFOMD:0000011 F30.1 (mania without psychotic symptoms), F30.2 (mania with psychotic symptoms) [ICD-10] manic episode [ICD-10] Mood is elevated out of keeping with the patient's circumstances and may vary from carefree joviality to almost uncontrollable excitement. Elation is accompanied by increased energy, resulting in overactivity, pressure of speech, and a decreased need for sleep. Attention cannot be sustained, and there is often marked distractibility. Self-esteem is often inflated with grandiose ideas and overconfidence. Loss of normal social inhibitions may result in behaviour that is reckless, foolhardy, or inappropriate to the circumstances, and out of character. [ICD-10] full-blown manic mood episode MFOMD:0000012 The DSM-IV-TR defines a hypomanic episode as including, over the course of at least four days, elevated mood plus three of the following symptoms OR irritable mood plus four of the following symptoms: pressured speech inflated self-esteem or grandiosity decreased need for sleep flight of ideas or the subjective experience that thoughts are racing easy distractibility and attention-deficit similar to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder increase in psychomotor agitation involvement in pleasurable activities that may have a high potential for negative psycho-social or physical consequences (e.g., the person engages in unrestrained buying sprees, sexual indiscretions, reckless driving, or foolish business investments) [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypomania] hypomanic mood episode MFOMD:0000013 A depressed mood episode is a pathological mental process characterised by persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, guilt, anger, isolation or hopelessness and other negative valence emotions, disturbances in sleep and appetite, fatigue, loss of interest in usually enjoyable activities and morbid or suicidal ideation. The criteria below are based on the formal DSM-IV criteria for a Major Depressive Episode. A diagnoses of major depressive episode requires that the patient has—over a two-week period—experienced five or more of the symptoms below, and these must be outside the patient's normal behaviour. Either depressed mood or decreased interest or pleasure must be one of the five (although both are frequently concomitant). Mood For the better part of nearly every day, the patient reports a depressed mood or appears depressed to others. The patient may state that he or she has been feeling sad, depressed, blue, empty, "down in the dumps," hopeless, etc. If the patient is in denial about these feelings, yet appears to be on the verge of tearfulness, manifests a depressed facial expression and disposition, or appears to be overly irritable, these may also indicate the presence of depressed mood. Some people may report physical complaints (i.e., aches, pains, headaches) rather than depressed mood, and physical symptoms without physical cause are sometimes indicators of depression. Anhedonia and loss of interest For most of nearly every day, interest or pleasure is markedly decreased in nearly all activities (noted by the patient or by others). People suffering with depression tend to lose interest in things they once found enjoyable. Activities are no longer enjoyable and there is often a loss of interest in or desire for sex. People who are depressed may say, "I just don't care anymore," or "nothing matters anymore." Friends and family of the depressed person may notice that he/she has withdrawn from friends, or has neglected or quit doing activities that were once a source of enjoyment. Change in eating, appetite, or weight Although not dieting, there is a marked loss or gain of weight (such as 5% in one month) or appetite is markedly decreased or increased nearly every day. Changes in appetite take on two manifestations: under- or over-eating. In the first instance, some people never feel hungry, can go long periods without wanting to eat, may forget to eat, or if they do eat a small amount of food may be sufficient. A reduction in weight is often associated with a melancholic type of depression. In the second instance, some people tend toward an increase in appetite and may gain significant amounts of weight. They may tend to crave certain types of food such as sweets or carbohydrates. People with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) often crave foods high in carbohydrates. Weight gain is often associated with atypical depression. Sleep Nearly every day the patient sleeps excessively, known as hypersomnia, or not enough, known as insomnia. Insomnia is the most common type of sleep disturbance for people who are clinically depressed. Having difficulty falling asleep at night is known as "initial" insomnia; waking in the middle of the night and being unable to go back to sleep as "middle insomnia", and; waking too early as "terminal insomnia". Insomnia is often associated with a melancholic type of depression. A less frequent sleeping problem is oversleeping (called "hypersomnia"). This may occur in the form of sleeping for prolonged periods at night or increased sleeping during the daytime. Even with excess sleep, a person may still feel tired and sluggish during the day. People with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) may sleep longer during the winter months. Hypersomnia is often associated with an atypical depression. Motor activity Nearly every day others can see that the patient's activity is agitated or slow. People suffering from depression may be either quite agitated (psychomotor agitation), or very lethargic (psychomotor retardation) in their mannerisms and behavior. If a person is agitated, he or she may find it difficult to sit still, may pace the room, wring his/her hands, or fidget with clothes or objects. Someone with psychomotor retardation tends to move sluggishly, may move across a room very slowly, avert his/her eyes, sit slumped in a chair and speak slowly, saying little. In terms of diagnosis, the agitation or slowing down of one's demeanor must be to the degree that it can be observed by others. Fatigue Nearly every day the person experiences extreme fatigue.[3] A decrease in energy and feeling fatigued are very common symptoms for those who are clinically depressed. A person may feel tired without having engaged in any physical activity, and day-to-day tasks become difficult, including getting washed and dressed in the morning. Job tasks or housework become very tiring, and the person finds that his/her work at home, school, or on the job suffers.[4] Self-worth Nearly every day the patient feels worthless or inappropriately guilty. These feelings are not just about being depressed, they may be delusional. Depressed people may think of themselves in very negative, unrealistic ways such as manifesting a preoccupation with past "failures", personalisation of trivial events, or believing that minor mistakes prove their inadequacy. They also may have an unrealistic sense of personal responsibility and see things beyond their control as being their fault. Additionally, self-loathing is common in clinical depression, and can lead to a downward spiral when combined with other symptoms. Concentration Noted by the patient or by others, nearly every day the patient is indecisive or has trouble thinking or concentrating. A person with depression frequently experiences negative and pessimistic thoughts, and reports that his/her ability to think, concentrate, or make decisions becomes impaired. Memory and distraction problems are common. This problem can be notably pronounced, causing significant difficulty in functioning for those involved in intellectually demanding activities. Thoughts of death The patient has had repeated thoughts about death (other than the fear of dying), suicide (with or without a plan) or has made a suicide attempt. The frequency and intensity of thoughts about suicide can range from believing that friends and family would be better off if one were dead, to frequent thoughts about committing suicide (generally related to wishing to stop the emotional pain), to detailed plans about how the suicide would be carried out. Less severely suicidal people may have regular thoughts of suicide, while those who are more severely suicidal may have made specific plans and decided upon a day and location for the suicide attempt. Thoughts of suicide occur mostly when triggered. Thoughts of suicide happen more frequently than normal. Diagnostic caveats In diagnosing the symptoms a trained therapist must take the following into account: These symptoms must cause clinically important distress, or impair work, social or personal functioning, and they should not fulfil the criteria for Mixed Episode. The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., abuse of a drug or medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). Other than in the case of severe symptoms (severely impaired functioning, severe preoccupation with worthlessness, ideas of suicide, delusions or hallucinations or psychomotor retardation), the episode should not have begun within two months of the loss of a loved one. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_episode] depressed mood episode MFOMD:0000020 esquizofrenia tipo desorganizado 295.10 F20.1x At the DSM-5, the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types) are eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability, and poor validity. These subtypes also have not been shown to exhibit distinctive patterns of treatment response or longitudinal course. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) (Formerly called hebephrenic schizophrenia) is characterized by grossly disorganized behaviours manifested in disorganized speech and behaviour and flat or grossly inappropriate affect. People with this disorder act in an absurd, incoherent, or very odd manner that conforms to the stereotype of “crazy” behaviour. Their emotional responses to real-life situations are typically flat, the hallucinations and delusions of patients with this form of schizophrenia tend to shift from theme to theme rather than remain centered on a single idea. People with this disorder usually exhibit extremely bizarre and seemingly childish behaviours, such as masturbating in public or fantasizing aloud. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. disorganized schizophrenia MFOMD:0000021 esquizofrenia tipo catatónico 295.20 F20.2x At the DSM-5, the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types) are eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability, and poor validity. These subtypes also have not been shown to exhibit distinctive patterns of treatment response or longitudinal course. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) The prime characteristic of this form of schizophrenia is a marked disturbance in motor activity, either extreme excitement or motoric immobility. Diagnostic criteria include two or more of the following symptoms: - Motoric immobility or stupor - Excessive, purposeless motor activity - Extreme negativism (resisting direction) or physical resistance - Peculiar voluntary posturing or movements - Echolalia (repetition of others people’s speech) or echopraxia (repetition of others people’s movements). During periods of extreme withdrawal, people with this form of schizophrenia may not eat or control their bladder or bowel functions. Alternating periods of excited motor activity and withdrawal may occur in this disorder. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. catatonic schizophrenia MFOMD:0000022 esquizofrenia tipo indiferenciado 295.90 F20.3x At the DSM-5, the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types) are eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability, and poor validity. These subtypes also have not been shown to exhibit distinctive patterns of treatment response or longitudinal course. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) This form of schizophrenia is diagnosed when the person’s behaviour shows prominent psychotic symptoms that do not meet the criteria for the paranoid, disorganized or catatonic categories. These symptoms may include thought disturbances, delusions, hallucinations, incoherence, and severely impaired behaviour. Some time undifferentiated schizophrenia turns out to be an early stage of another subtype. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. undifferentiated schizophrenia MFOMD:0000023 esquizofrenia tipo residual 295.60 F20.5x At the DSM-5, the DSM-IV subtypes of schizophrenia (i.e., paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual types) are eliminated due to their limited diagnostic stability, low reliability, and poor validity. These subtypes also have not been shown to exhibit distinctive patterns of treatment response or longitudinal course. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) The diagnosis of this form of schizophrenia is reserved for people who have had at least one previous schizophrenic episode but who are now showing an absence of prominent psychotic features. There is continuing evidence of two or more symptoms, such as marked social isolation, peculiar behaviours, blunted affect, odd beliefs, or unusual perceptual experiences. The disorder may be in remission. In any case, the person’s symptoms are neither strong enough nor prominent enough to warrant classification as one of the other types of schizophrenia. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. residual schizophrenia MFOMD:0000024 http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 pathological mental process MFOMD:0000025 A disease course of a mental disease. mental disorder http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 mental disease course MFOMD:0000038 MFOMD:0000040 A diagnosis asserting the presence of an instance of a mental disease in a given organsim. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 diagnosis of mental disease MFOMD:0000041 A bodily feature of an organism that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that is the realization of a mental disease and is (b) observable. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 manifestation of a mental disease MFOMD:0000046 Addiction is a mental disease in which a person persists in the use of a mood altering substance or in a behaviour despite adverse consequences. Addictions can include, but are not limited to, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, exercise abuse, pornography and gambling. Classic hallmarks of addiction include: impaired control over substances/behavior, preoccupation with substance/behavior, continued use despite consequences, and denial. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification (short-term reward), coupled with delayed deleterious effects (long-term costs). Physiological dependence occurs when the body has to adjust to the substance by incorporating the substance into its 'normal' functioning. This state creates the conditions of tolerance and withdrawal. Tolerance is the process by which the body continually adapts to the substance and requires increasingly larger amounts to achieve the original effects. Withdrawal refers to physical and psychological symptoms people experience when reducing or discontinuing a substance the body had become dependent on. Symptoms of withdrawal generally include but are not limited to anxiety, irritability, intense cravings for the substance, nausea, hallucinations, headaches, cold sweats, and tremors. [WIkipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction] addiction disorder MFOMD:0000053 An addiction to a process, which might be a behaviour, such as gambling, or procrastination. behavioural addiction [DSM-IV] Increasingly referred to as process addiction or non-substance-related addiction, behavioral addiction includes a compulsion to repeatedly engage in an action until said action causes serious negative consequences to the person's physical, mental, social, and/or financial well-being. One sign that a behavior has become addictive is if it persists despite these consequences. [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_addiction] Process or behaviour addiction is not included in DSM-IV. Behavioral addiction has been proposed as a new class in DSM-5, but the only category included is gambling addiction. Internet addiction and sex addiction are included in the appendix. [Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_addiction] process addiction MFOMD:0000054 A process addiction in which the patient compulsively gambles. gambling addiction MFOMD:0000055 A process addiction in which the subject compulsively performs sexual activity. sex addiction MFOMD:0000057 A process addiction in which the person compulsively performs shopping activities. shopping addiction MFOMD:0000063 A process addiction in which the subject compulsively makes use of a sunbed. addiction to use of a sunbed MFOMD:0000076 Is a confusion over personal identity (or even the assumption of a new identity), accompanied by unexpected travel away from home. Understanding abnormal behavior.David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue.DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) fuga disociativa 300.13 F44.1 The onset of this disorder is usually related to traumatic, stressful, or overwhelming life events. Most cases are described in adults. Single episodes are most commonly reported and may last from hours to months. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) dissociative fugue MFOMD:0000081 This disorders are related to the appetitive phase and are characterized by a lack of sexual desire. ”Understanding abnormal behavior”. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. trastornos del deseo sexual 302.71 ( Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder) 302.79 ( Sexual Aversion Disorder) F52.0 ( Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder) F52.10 ( Sexual Aversion Disorder) There are two types of sexual desire disorders: - Hypoactive sexual desire disorder; where the essential feature is a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity. More frequently, the disorder develops in adulthood, after period of adequate sexual interest, in association with psychological distress, stressful life events, or interpersonal difficulties. The loss of sexual desire may be continuous or episodic, depending on psychosocial or relationship factors. - Sexual aversion disorder; where the essential feature is the aversion to and active avoidance of genital sexual contact with a sexual partner. The individual reports anxiety, fear, or disgust when confronted by a sexual opportunity with a partner. The intensity of the individual's reaction when exposed to the aversive stimulus may range from moderate anxiety and lack of pleasure to extreme psychological distress. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) sexual desire disorder MFOMD:0000082 This disorders are problems that occur during the excitement phase and that relate to difficulties with feelings of sexual pleasure or with the physiological changes associated with sexual excitement. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. trastornos de la excitación sexual 302.72 (Both Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and Male Erectile Disorder) F52.2 (Both Female Sexual Arousal Disorder and Male Erectile Disorder) The sexual arousal disorders are divided in two: - Female sexual arousal disorder: which consist in the inability to attain or maintain physiological response and/or psychological arousal during sexual activity. - Male erectile disorder: which consist in the inability to attain or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse and/or psychological arousal during sexual activity. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. sexual arousal disorder MFOMD:0000083 Inability to achieve an orgasm after entering the excitement phase and receiving adequate sexual stimulation. ”Understanding abnormal behavior”. David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. trastornos del orgasmo 302.73 (Female Orgasmic Disorder) 302.74 (Male Orgasmic Disorder) 302.75 (Premature Ejaculation) F52.3 (Both, Female Orgasmic Disorder and Male Orgasmic Disorder) F52.4 (Premature Ejaculation) The orgasmic disorders are divided in three: - Female orgasmic disorder (formerly inhibited Female Orgasm), in which the essential feature is a persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase. Primary orgasmic dysfunction is considered relatively common in women: approximately 10 percent of all women have never achieved and orgasm. - Male Orgasmic Disorder (formerly inhibited Male Orgasm), in which the essential feature is a persistent or recurrent delay in, or absence of, orgasm following a normal sexual excitement phase. Some males with this disorder can reach coital orgasm but only after very prolonged and intense noncoital stimulation. Some can ejaculate only from masturbation. An even subgroup have experienced orgasm only at the moment of waking from an erotic dream. - Premature Ejaculation, in which the essential feature is the persistent or recurrent onset of orgasm and ejaculation with minimal sexual stimulation before, on, or shortly after penetration and before the person wishes it. The majority of males with this disorder can delay orgasm during self-masturbation for a considerably longer time than during coitus. The clinician must take into account factors that affect duration of the excitement phase, such as age, novelty of the sexual partner or situation, and recent frequency of sexual activity. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. orgasmic disorder MFOMD:0000084 In the sexual pain disorders there are two condition how it can be manifested: Dyspareunia.- is a recurrent or persistent pain in the genitals before, during, or after sexual intercourse. The physical examination for individuals with this disorder typically does not demonstrate genital abnormalities. The repeated experience of genital pain during coitus may result in the avoidance of sexual experience, disrupting existing sexual relationships or limiting the development of new sexual relationship. Vaginismus.- the essential feature of this disorder is the recurrent or persistent involuntary contraction of the perineal muscles surrounding the outer third of the vagina when vaginal penetration with penis, finger, tampon, or speculum is attempted. In some females, even the anticipation of vaginal insertion may result in muscle spam. Once the disorder is established, the course is usually chronic unless ameliorated by treatment. Acquired Vaginismus also may occur suddenly in response to a sexual trauma or a general medical condition. trastornos sexuales por dolor 302.76 (Dyspareunia) 306.51 (Vaginismus) (Both not due to a general medical condition) F52.6 (Dyspareunia) F52.5 (Vaginismus) (Both not due to a general medical condition) sexual pain disorder MFOMD:0000088 Primary disorders of initiating or maintaining sleep or of excessive sleepiness and are characterized by abnormalities in the amount, quality or timing of sleep. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) disomnias 307.42 Primary Insomnia 307.44 Primary Hypersomnia 347.00 Narcolepsy 780.57 Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder 327.3x Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder 307.47 Dyssomnia Not Otherwise Specified F51.0 Primary Insomnia F51.1 Primary Hypersomnia G47.4 Narcolepsy G47.3 Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder F51.2 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder F51.9 Dyssomnia Not Otherwise Specified This section includes: - Primary Insomnia.- The essential feature of this disorder is a complaint of difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or of nonrestorative sleep that lasts for at least one month. - Primary Hypersomnia.- The essential feature of this disorder is excessive sleepiness for at least one month as evidenced either by prolonged sleep episodes or by daytime sleep episodes occurring almost daily. - Narcolepsy.- The essential feature of this disorder are repeated irresistible attacks of refreshing sleep, cataplexy, and recurrent intrusion of elements of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep into the transition period between sleep and wakefulness. - Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder.- The essential feature of this disorder is sleep disruption, leading to excessive sleepiness or, less commonly, to insomnia, that is judged to be due to abnormalities of ventilation during sleep. - Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder.- The essential feature of this disorder is a persistent or recurrent pattern of sleep disruption that results from altered function of the circadian timing system or from a mismatch between the individual's endogenous circadian sleep-wake system and exogenous demands regarding the timing and duration of sleep. - Dyssomnia Not Otherwise Specified.- Is a category for insomnias, hypersomnias, or circadian rhythm disturbances that do not meet criteria for any specific Dyssomnia. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) primary sleep disorder: dyssomnia MFOMD:0000089 Disorders characterised by abnormal behavioural or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) parasomnias 307.47 Nightmare Disorder 307.46 Sleep Terror Disorder 307.46 Sleepwalking Disorder 307.47 Parasomnia Not Otherwise Specified F51.5 Nightmare Disorder F51.4 Sleep Terror Disorder F51.3 Sleepwalking Disorder F51.8 Parasomnia Not Otherwise Specified This section includes: - Nightmare Disorder.- The essential feature of this disorder is the repeated occurrence of frightening dreams that lead to awakenings from sleep. - Sleep Terror Disorder.- The essential feature of this disorder is the repeated occurrence of sleep terrors, that is, abrupt awakenings from sleep usually beginning with a panicky scream or cry. - Sleepwalking Disorder.- The essential feature of this disorder is repeated episodes of complex motor behaviour initiated during sleep, including rising from bed and walking about. - Parasomnia Not Otherwise Specified.- This category is for disturbances that are characterized by abnormal behavioural or physiological events during sleep or sleep-wake transitions, but that do not meet criteria for a more specific Parasomnia. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) primary sleep disorder: parasomnia MFOMD:0000095 Is a disorder that lasts more than one day and remits by one month. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 298.8 F23.xx .81 with marked stressor(s) .80 without marked stressor(s) brief psychotic disorder MFOMD:0000096 Is characterised by the presence of a delusion in an individual who is influenced by someone else who has a longer-standing delusion with similar content. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) 297.3 F24 Criterion A for delusional disorder no longer has the requirement that the delusions must be nonbizarre. DSM-5 no longer separates delusional disorder from shared delusional disorder. If criteria are met for delusional disorder then that diagnosis is made. (Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV-TR to DSM-5, American Psychiatric Publishing) shared psychotic disorder MFOMD:0000097 In this disorder the psychotic symptoms are judged to be a direct physiological consequence of a general medical condition. DSM-IV-TR (American Psychiatric Association) F06.x .2 with delusions .0 with hallucinations psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition MFOMD:0000099 a sudden and transient episode of loss of muscle tone accompanied by full conscious awareness, often triggered by emotions such as laughing, crying, terror, etc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataplexy cataplexy MFOMD:0000100 A failure to be able to "think straight." Thoughts may come and go rapidly. The person may not be able to concentrate on one thought for very long and may be easily distracted, unable to focus attention. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=26296 disordered thinking MFOMD:0000101 Erroneous beliefs that usually involve a misinterpretation of perceptions or experiences. (their content may include a variety of themes (e.g., persecutory, referential, somatic, religious, or grandiose). DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) delusion MFOMD:0000102 Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen. apprehension MFOMD:0000103 When a person is unable to produce speech sounds correctly or fluently, or has problems with his or her voice. Difficulties pronouncing sounds, or articulation disorders, and stuttering are examples of this disorder. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association speech disorder MFOMD:0000104 Is characterised by disturbance of consciousness and changes in cognition (memory deficit, disorientation, and language and perceptual disturbances). The patient often shows a reduced ability to focus, sustain or shift attention and exhibits disorganized patterns of thinking, as manifested by rambling, irrelevant, or incoherent speech. At times patients show a reduced level of consciousness and disturbances in the cycle of sleep and waking. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. delirium MFOMD:0000105 The habitual voiding of urine during the day or night into one's clothes, bed, or floor. The behaviour is generally involuntary, but in rare situations it may be intentional. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. The child must be at least five years old and must void inappropriately at least twice per week for at least three months enuresis MFOMD:0000106 Involves repeated defecating onto one's clothes, the floor or other inappropriate places. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. The child must be at least four years old and must have defecated inappropriately at least once a month for at least three months encopresis MFOMD:0000107 The need to perform acts or to dwell on thoughts to reduce anxiety. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. compulsion MFOMD:0000108 An emotional state characterised by elevated mood, expansiveness, or irritability, often resulting in hyperactivity. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. Mania is characterized by increased irritability, hyperactivity, euphoric and/or delusional thinking, promiscuity, heightened risk-taking, decreased sleep, decreased need for sleep and, in some patients, is accompanied by psychosis. Mood-stabilizing drugs: mechanisms of action (Robert J. Schloesser, Keri Martinowich, Husseini K. Manji) mania MFOMD:0000109 An intrusive and repetitive thought or image that produce anxiety. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. obsession MFOMD:0000110 Marked motor abnormalities including motoric immobility (i.e., catalepsy or stupor), certain types of excessive motor activity (apparently purposeless agitation not influenced by external stimuli), extreme negativism (apparent motiveless resistance to instructions or attempts to be moved) or mutism, posturing or stereotyped movements, and echolalia or echopraxia. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) catatonic behaviour MFOMD:0000111 An alteration in the perception or experience of the self so that one feels detached from, and as if one is an outside observer of, one's mental processes or body (e.g., feeling like one is in a dream). DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) depersonalization MFOMD:0000112 An alteration in the perception or experience of the external world so that it seems strange or unreal (e.g., people may seem unfamiliar or mechanical). DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) derealization MFOMD:0000113 The recurrence of a memory, feeling, or perceptual experience from the past. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) flashback MFOMD:0000114 Sensory perception that has the compelling sense of reality of a true perception but that occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) hallucination MFOMD:0000115 The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, words, or actions will cause or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of cause and effect. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Magical thinking may be a part of normal child development. magical thinking MFOMD:0000116 A subjective complaint of difficulty falling or staying asleep or poor sleep quality. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) A subjective complaint of difficulty falling or staying asleep or poor sleep quality. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) insomnia MFOMD:0000117 The apprehensive anticipation of future danger or misfortune accompanied by a feeling of dysphoria or somatic symptoms of tension. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) pathological anxiety MFOMD:0000118 A kidnapping or terrorist hostage identifies with and has sympathy for his or her captors on whom he or she is dependent for survival. http://www.abess.com/glossary.html Stockholm syndrome MFOMD:0000119 A disruption in the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. The disturbance may be sudden or gradual, transient or chronic. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) dissociation MFOMD:0000120 A nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic that are usually based on understandable associations, distracting stimuli, or plays on words. When severe, speech may be disorganised and incoherent. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) flight of ideas MFOMD:0000121 An inflated appraisal of one's worth, power, knowledge, importance, or identity. When extreme, grandiosity may be of delusional proportions. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) grandiosity MFOMD:0000122 A persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation (the phobic stimulus) that results in a compelling desire to avoid it. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) This often leads either to avoidance of the phobic stimulus or to enduring it with dread. phobia MFOMD:0000123 A state of unresponsiveness with immobility and mutism. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) stupor MFOMD:0000124 Is a common medical term for thoughts about homicide. There is a range of homicidal thoughts which spans from vague ideas of revenge to detailed and fully formulated plans without the act itself. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homicidal_ideation homicidal thoughts R45.850 homicidal ideations MFOMD:0000125 little or no emotion in situations where strong reactions are expected. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue flat affect MFOMD:0000128 Extreme fear of being in public places or open spaces from which escape may be difficult or embarrassing. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx agoraphobia MFOMD:0000129 A state in which a person remains attached to objects or activities more appropriate for an earlier stage of psychosexual development. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx fixation MFOMD:0000131 Lack of energy. Psychopharmacology Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior (Jerrold S. Meyer, Linda F. Quenzer) anergia MFOMD:0000132 The sensation of tiny creatures crawling over the cocaine user's skin. Psychopharmacology Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior (Jerrold S. Meyer, Linda F. Quenzer) cocaine bugs MFOMD:0000133 The inability or unwillingness of a patient in psychoanalysis to discuss certain ideas, desires, or experiences. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx resistance MFOMD:0000134 In classical conditioning, the learned response made to a previously neutral stimulus that has acquired some of the properties of another stimulus with which it has been paired. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. conditioned response MFOMD:0000135 The act of intentionally causing one's own death. Suicide is often committed out of despair, the cause of which is frequently attributed to a mental disorder such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, borderline personality disorder,alcoholism, or drug abuse. Stress factors such as financial difficulties or troubles with interpersonal relationships often play a role. Efforts to prevent suicide include limiting access to firearms, treating mental illness and drug misuse, and improving economic development. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide) suicide MFOMD:0000136 Period of intense fear or apprehension that are of sudden onset and of variable duration from minutes to hours. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panic_attack panic attack MFOMD:0000137 Period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least 1 week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary). DSM-IV-TR manic episode MFOMD:0000138 Symptom or feature of mental illness typically characterized by radical changes in personality, impaired functioning, and a distorted or nonexistent sense of objective reality. psychosis MFOMD:0000141 Parasomnia characterized by the loss of normal skeletal muscle atonia during REM sleep with prominent motor activity accompanying dreaming. http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/content/130/11/2770.short RBD REM sleep behaviour disorder MFOMD:0000142 Disorder in which the major sleep episode is delayed in relation to the desired clock time, resulting in symptoms of sleep-onset insomnia or difficulty in awakening at the desired time. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revised. Diagnostic and Coding Manual (American Academy of Sleep Medicine in association with the European Sleep Research Society, Japanese Society of Sleep Research and Latin American Sleep Society) delayed sleep-phase syndrome MFOMD:0000143 The essential feature is a period of at least 2 weeks during which there is either depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities. In children and adolescents, the mood may be irritable rather than sad. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) The individuals must also experience at least four additional symptoms drawn from a list that includes changes in appetite or weight, sleep, and psychomotor activity; decreased energy; feelings of worthlessness or guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions; or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, plans, or attempts. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) major depressive episode MFOMD:0000145 Is defined as a distinct period during which there is an abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that last at least 4 days. This period of abnormal mood must be accompanied by at least three additional symptoms from a list that includes inflated self-esteem or grandiosity (nondelusional), decreased need for sleep, pressure of speech, flight of Ideas, distractibility, increased involvement in goal-directed activities or psychomotor agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) hypomanic episode MFOMD:0000147 Dream that can cause a strong emotional response from the mind, typically fear or horror, but also despair, anxiety and great sadness. The dream may contain situations of danger, discomfort, psychological or physical terror. Nightmares can have physical causes such as sleeping in an uncomfortable or awkward position, having a fever, or psychological causes such as stress, anxiety, and ingestion of opioid drugs. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightmare nightmare MFOMD:0000149 Is characterised by a period of time (lasting at least 1 week) in which the criteria are met both for a Manic episode and for a Major depressive episode nearly every day. The individual experiences rapidly alternating moods (sadness, irritability, euphoria) accompanied by symptoms of a Manic episode and a Major depressive episode. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) mixed episode MFOMD:0000150 Consists of episodes of uncontrollable eating. compulsive overeating During such binges, a person rapidly consumes an excessive amount of food. Most people who have eating binges try to hide this behavior from others, and often feel ashamed about being overweight or depressed about their overeating. Although people who do not have any eating disorder may occasionally experience episodes of overeating, frequent binge eating is often a symptom of an eating disorder. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge_eating binge eating MFOMD:0000151 The essential features are recurrent episodes of being eating associated with subjective and behavioural indicators of impaired control over, and significant distress about, the binge eating and the absence of the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours (such as self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives and other medications, fasting, and excessive exercise) that are characteristic of Bulimia Nervosa. Indicators of impaired control include eating very rapidly, eating until feeling uncomfortably full, eating large amounts of food when not hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment over how much one is eating, and feeling disgust, guilt, or depression after overeating. The marked distress required for the diagnosis includes unpleasant feelings during and after the binge episode, as well as concerns about the long-term effect of the recurrent binge episodes on body weight and shape. Binge episodes must occur, on average, at least 2 days a week for a period of at least 6 months. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) binge-eating disorder MFOMD:0000152 The response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period over which an individual perceives he or she has no control. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_stress chronic stress MFOMD:0000153 The essential feature of caffeine intoxication is recent consumption of caffeine and five or more symptoms that develop during, or shortly after caffeine use. DSM-IV-TR caffeinism - Restlessness - Nervousness - Excitement - Insomnia - Flushed face - Diuresis - Gastrointestinal disturbance - Muscle twitching - Rambling flow of thought and speech - Tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia - Periods of inexhaustibility - Psychomot agitation 305.90 caffeine intoxication MFOMD:0000154 Is defined as the inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, e.g. exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anhedonia anhedonia MFOMD:0000155 Behavior that may manifest itself in a variety of ways, ranging from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation. The person may appear markedly disheveled, may dress in an unusual manner (i.e., wearing multiple overcoats, scarves, and gloves on a hot day), or may display clearly inappropriate sexual behavior (e.g., public masturbation) or unpredictable and untriggered agitation (e.g., shouting or swearing). grossly disorganized behavior MFOMD:0000156 Is a medical term for thoughts about or an unusual preoccupation with suicide. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicidal_ideation suicidal thoughts R45.851 suicidal ideations MFOMD:0000157 Catatonic behavior marked by agitation and seemingly pointless movement. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Catatonic-disorders.html catatonic excitement MFOMD:0000158 Catatonic behavior with markedly slowed motor activity, often to the point of immobility and seeming unawareness of the environment. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Catatonic-disorders.html catatonic stupor MFOMD:0000159 Catatonic behavior in which the person assumes a rigid position and holds it against all efforts to move him or her. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Catatonic-disorders.html catatonic rigidity MFOMD:0000160 Catatonic behavior in which the person assumes a bizarre or inappropriate posture and maintains it over a long period of time. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Catatonic-disorders.html catatonic posturing MFOMD:0000161 Behavior in which the limb or other body part of a catatonic person can be moved into another position that is then maintained. The body part feels to an observer as if it were made of wax. http://www.minddisorders.com/Br-Del/Catatonic-disorders.html waxy flexibility (in catatonia) MFOMD:0000162 Absence, poverty, or loss of control of voluntary muscle movements. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/akinesia akinesia MFOMD:0000163 Is characterized by the person's face appearing immobile and unresponsive, with poor eye contact and reduced body language. Although a person with affective flattening may smile and warm up occasionally, his or her range of emotional expressiveness is clearly diminished most of the time. http://www.biopsychinstitute.com/psychiatric-disorders/schizophrenia affective flattening MFOMD:0000164 Is manifested by brief, laconic, empty replies. poverty of speech The individual with alogia appears to have a diminution of thoughts that is reflected in decreased fluency and productivity of speech. http://www.biopsychinstitute.com/psychiatric-disorders/schizophrenia alogia MFOMD:0000165 Is characterized by an inability to initiate and persist in goal-directed activities. The person may sit for long periods of time and show little interest in participating in work or social activities. http://www.biopsychinstitute.com/psychiatric-disorders/schizophrenia avolition MFOMD:0000166 A condition or phenomenon involving distorted memory or confusions of fact and fantasy, such as confabulation or déjàvu. http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/paramnesia paramnsesia MFOMD:0000167 Automatic psychological process that protects the individual against anxiety and from awareness of internal or external stressors or dangers. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) defense mechanism MFOMD:0000168 The basic defense mechanism by which painful or guilt-producing thoughts, feelings, or memories are excluded from conscious awareness. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx repression MFOMD:0000169 Repression of dangerous impulses, followed by converting them to their direct opposite. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. reaction formation MFOMD:0000170 Ridding oneself of threatening desires or thoughts by attributing them to others. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. projection MFOMD:0000171 Explaining one's behavior by giving well-thought-out and socially acceptable reasons that do not happen to be the real ones. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. rationalization MFOMD:0000172 Directing an emotion, such as hostility or anxiety, toward a substitute target. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. displacement MFOMD:0000173 A symbolic attempt, often ritualistic or repetitive, to right a wrong or negate some disapproved thought, impulse or act. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. undoing MFOMD:0000174 A retreat to an earlier developmental level that demands less mature responses and aspirations. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue. regression MFOMD:0000175 Physical state in which a person is abnormally active. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperactivity hyperactivity MFOMD:0000178 Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc. http://dictionary.sensagent.com/assaultive%20behavior/en-en/ assaultive behavior MFOMD:0000179 Self-destructive acts that can consist in completed suicide, attempted suicide, and non suicidal self-injury. http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/mental_health_disorders/suicidal_behavior/suicidal_behavior.html suicidal behavior MFOMD:0000180 Belief that others are out to get him or her. http://psychcentral.com/encyclopedia/2008/delusion/ delusion of persecution MFOMD:0000181 Inability to rest or relax or be still. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/restlessness restlessness MFOMD:0000182 Long and confused speech or writing. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/diccionario/britanico/rambling_4 rambling MFOMD:0000183 State of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somnolence somnolence drowsiness MFOMD:0000184 Feeling of worry and anxiety. http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/nervousness nervousness MFOMD:0000185 Thought process believed to be heavily influenced by anxiety or fear, often to the point of irrationality and delusion. Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs, or beliefs of conspiracy concerning a perceived threat towards oneself. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia paranoia MFOMD:0000186 Group hysteria, in which large numbers of people exhibits similar symptoms that have no apparent cause. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue mass madness MFOMD:0000187 Condition characterised by distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning, or physical or emotional symptoms such as shaking, irritability, and inability to concentrate after reducing or ceasing intake of a substance. "Understanding abnormal behavior". David Sue, Derald Wing Sue, Stanley Sue withdrawal abstinence syndrome MFOMD:0000188 Feeling of emotional and mental discomfort as a symptom of discontentment, restlessness, dissatisfaction, malaise, depression, anxiety or indifference. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysphoria dysphoria MFOMD:0000189 Disorder where symptoms (e.g., markedly depressed mood, marked anxiety, marked affective lability, decreased interest in activities) regularly occurred during the last week of the luteal phase (and remitted within a few days of the onset of menses). These symptoms must be severe enough to markedly interfere with work, school, or unusual activities and be entirely absent for at least 1 week post menses. American Psychiatric Association, DSM-IV-TR PMDD premenstrual dysphoric disorder MFOMD:0000190 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a generic term which includes a broad group of emotional, behavioral and physical symptoms that occur for several days to several weeks before menses and subside following the menstrual period. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: definitions and diagnosis. ( Ellen W Freeman) premenstrual syndrome MFOMD:0000191 Persistent inability to achieve orgasm despite responding to sexual stimulation. anorgasmia MFOMD:0000195 Depending on the substance involved, the dysfunction may involve impaired desire, impaired arousal, impaired orgasm, or sexual pain. substance-induced sexual dysfunction MFOMD:0000196 State of increased psychological and physiological tension marked by such effects as reduced pain tolerance, anxiety, exaggeration of startle responses, insomnia, fatigue and accentuation of personality traits. Dorland's Medical Dictionary for Health Consumers. hyperarousal MFOMD:0000197 The essential features of this disorder are prominent anxiety symptoms that are judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) Depending on the nature of the substance and the context in which the symptoms occur, the disturbance may involve prominent anxiety, panic attacks, phobias or obsessions or compulsions. substance-induced anxiety disorder MFOMD:0000198 The essential feature of this disorder is a prominent disturbance in sleep that is sufficiently severe to warrant independent clinical attention., and is judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of a substance. DSM-IV-TR (american Psychiatric Association) substance-induced sleep disorder MFOMD:0000199 The inability to perform in the interaction with other people. social dysfunction MFOMD:0000200 The dysfunction in the pursuit of and engagement in meaningful occupation. Occupational dysfunction and eating disorders: theory and approach to treatment (Roann Barris, EdD, OTR) occupational dysfunction MFOMD:0000201 function of the mind involving awareness of three dimensions: time, place and person. wikipedia orientation MFOMD:0000202 Psychological urge to administer a discontinued medication or recreational drug. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craving_%28withdrawal%29 craving (withdrawal) MFOMD:0000203 A state of mental confusion as to time, place, or identity. medical-dictionary disorientation MFOMD:0000204 The unability to think or express one's thoughts in a clear or orderly manner. incoherence MFOMD:0000205 Problems with orientation lead to disorientation. wikipedia disorientation MFOMD:0000209 extreme or rapid change in mood. wikipedia mood swing MFOMD:0000210 State of near-sleep, a strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods. wikipedia sleepiness somnolence MFOMD:0000211 Refers to disorganized thinking as evidenced by disorganized speech. formal thought disorder (FTD) Specific thought disorders include derailment, poverty of speech, tangentiality, illogicality, perseveration, neologism, and thought blocking. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_disorder thought disorder (TD) MFOMD:0000212 Thought disorder characterized by discourse consisting of a sequence of unrelated or only remotely related ideas. The frame of reference often changes from one sentence to the next. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailment_%28thought_disorder%29 derailment MFOMD:0000213 Thought disorder shown from speech with a lack of observance to the main subject of discourse, such that a person whilst speaking on a topic deviates from the topic. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangentiality tangentiality in speech MFOMD:0000214 The repetition of a particular response, such as a word, phrase, or gesture, despite the absence or cessation of a stimulus, usually caused by brain injury or other organic disorder. Symptoms include lacking ability to transition or switch ideas appropriately with the social context, as evidenced by the repetition of words or gestures after they have ceased to be socially relevant or appropriate. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perseveration perseveration MFOMD:0000215 Phenomenon that occurs occurs when a person's speech is suddenly interrupted by silences that may last a few seconds to a minute or longer. When the person begins speaking again, after the block, they will often speak about a subject unrelated to what was being discussed when blocking occurred. It is described as being experienced as an unanticipated, quick and total emptying of the mind. People with schizophrenia commonly experience thought blocking and may comprehend the experience in peculiar ways. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_blocking thought blocking MF:0000000 An anatomical structure in which there inheres the disposition to be the agent of a mental process. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 mental functioning related anatomical structure MF:0000001 disposition to be agent of mental process MF:0000002 (for the case of remembering X, where X is an event in the organism’s history) a mental process that is a) about X, and b) made possible by the physical traces left by a causal process involving the organism during the event X act of remembering remembering MF:0000003 State of active attention by high sensory awareness such as being watchful and prompt to meet danger or emergency, or being quick to perceive and act. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alertness state of alertness alertness MFOMD_0000176 MF:0000004 A cognitive process that involves the mental representation of sequential numbers. mental counting MF:0000005 A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental representations of numeric entities in order to compute the outcome of a mathematical function. mental calculation MF:0000006 A mental process during which information is evaluated, the outcome of which is a belief or opinion. act of judging judging MF:0000007 A judging process during which an opinion about the gender of a person is determined. A judging that involves forming an opinion about the gender of a person. determining gender MF:0000008 A mental process that creates, modifies or has as participant some cognitive representation. cognitive process GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.' MF:0000009 A judging that involves the determination of the orientation of some object. determining orientation MF:0000010 mathematical problem solving behavior MF:0000011 visual problem solving behavior MF:0000012 A mental process that is the psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli. arousal MFOMD_0000146 MF:0000013 a mental process that involves the manipulation of mental language and/or mental images act of thinking thinking MF:0000014 language problem solving behavior MF:0000015 A mental process that manipulates mental images and words that go beyond mere memory and thoughts about the objects and entities that the person has encountered, to visualise or consider entities and states of affairs that the person has never encountered and which may not yet exist or obtain in the world. Imagination is the capacity to produce images, ideas and sensations in the mind without any immediate input of the senses. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagination imagination MF:0000016 An extended organism that is a member of the species Homo sapiens. person human being MF:0000017 Consciousness is an inseparable part of all mental processes. It is that part of the mental process that: a) confers a subjective perspective, a phenomenology, an experience of the mental process of which it is a part; and b) intends the object or event that the mental process is about, should such exist; i.e., it confers intentionality on the mental process. Note that while there are different modes of consciousness corresponding to the different senses, the whole of conscious experience at any one time is largely experienced as a unity, that is, as a fused whole. Mental processes which are simultaneously ongoing are separable only in fiat, not in essence. consciousness MF:0000018 the process whereby relevant aspects of our mental experience are focused on specific targets attending MF:0000019 A mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving a part of the environment of the organism, and b) is experienced by the organism as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the organism. Examples for 'causal processes involving a part of the environment of an organism' that can be perceived are light rays and air vibrations. perception MF:0000020 A bodily process that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour. A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain. A bodily process which brings into being, sustains or modifies a cognitive representation or a behavior inducing state. Examples include thinking, feeling pain, remembering and emotion as occurrent experiences. Mental processes can varying in the degree to which they involve consciousness. mental process GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.' 2 MF:0000021 A process in which at least two human beings are agents. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 interpersonal process MF:0000022 A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm, and considerate. Development and Validation of International English Big-Five Mini-Markers. Edmund R. Thomspson. Personality and Individual Differences, Volume 45, Issue 6, October 2008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886908002195 http://www.github.com/no/ontologies/2017/PAO/Agreeableness Associated adjectives: appreciative, forgiving, generous, kind, sympathetic, and trusting. agreeableness MF:0000023 Behavior having interpersonal processes as parts, each involving the same instances of human being. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 interpersonal behavior GO:0051705, multi-organism behaviour, defined as: "Any process in which an organism has a behavioral effect on another organism of the same or different species" (http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051705#lineage) MF:0000024 Seeing (visual perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving light rays from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by photoreceptors in the retina, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of seeing visual perception seeing MF:0000025 A mental capability realised in processes involving understanding complex ideas, adapting effectively to the environment, learning from experience, engaging in various forms of reasoning, and overcome obstacles through the outcome of thinking processes. intelligence MF:0000026 introversion MF:0000027 A mental process that involves mentally manipulating representations of steps in an imagined process which has some goal. act of planning The outcome of this mental process is a plan which has the potential to be followed to bring about the desired outcome. planning MF:0000028 A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as careful, self-disciplined, dependable, vigilant, dutiful, and goal-oriented. http://www.github.com/no/ontologies/2017/PAO/Conscientiousness Associated adjectives: efficient, organized, planful, reliable, responsible, and thorough. conscientiousness MF:0000029 A mental disposition to frequent or easily incited outbursts of anger. irascibility MF:0000030 A dependent continuant which is about a portion of reality. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 representation MF:0000031 A representation which specifically depends on an anatomical structure in the cognitive system of an organism. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 cognitive representation MF:0000032 A bodily disposition is a disposition that inheres in some extended organism. Examples are: my disposition to catch a cold when exposed to a virus, my ability to speak the English language. personal disposition Bodily disposition includes features that can be used in a specific context, such as a person's strength, but not a person's weight. A person has a specific weight independent of the circumstances they are in. Extended organism refers to an organism and its microbiome (e.g., the bacteria that live in one's digestive system). bodily disposition MF:0000033 A mental disposition is a bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process. 'Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body. mental disposition MF:0000034 Visual consciousness is consciousness of a visual stimulus, as experienced through the visual sensory medium as a part of a process of seeing. visual consciousness MF:0000035 Auditory consciousness is consciousness of an auditory stimulus, as a part of a conscious process of hearing. auditory consciousness MF:0000036 Tactile consciousness is consciousness that is experienced in the tactile sensory medium, through the sensory medium of touch and pressure sensation. tactile consciousness MF:0000037 Direct consciousness is consciousness of phenomenal experience, it is the given experience in consciousness of (for example) sounds, tastes, emotions and bodily feelings. pre-reflexive consciousness direct consciousness MF:0000038 Hearing (auditory perception) is a mental process that is a) produced by a causal process involving sound waves from a part of the environment of the subject being absorbed by detectors in the ear, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of hearing auditory perception hearing MF:0000039 A cognitive representation sustained by an organsim about its own emotions. http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 affective representation MF:0000040 A communication process is an interpersonal process that involves the transmission of information between two organisms. communication http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMRSE_00000192 MF:0000041 A mental disposition to represent a proposition to be true. Judging is a mental process that brings a belief into existence. Judging differently may also bring that belief out of existence. An act of believing is just thinking about a belief. Beliefs typically cause us to behave in ways that are characteristic with the content of that belief. However, this is not a necessary feature for the existence of the belief. belief MF:0000042 preference MF:0000043 A bodily disposition whose realization ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organisms, where "ordinarily" means within a typical range or context. personal capability https://github.com/NCOR-US/Capabilities/wiki/The-Account-of-Capabilities Note that, as discussed in https://philpapers.org/archive/MERMC.pdf, both organisms and artifacts can bear capabilities. However, this capability class is just applicable to organismal capabilities (as a subclass of 'bodily disposition') and the definition has been amended from that of the definition source accordingly. The phrase 'ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organism' is used to explain that capabilities normally provide a benefit. For exampoe, having a musical ability is usually an ability that is positive for a person (e.g., they enjoy playing music, they receive positive feedback about their ability). However, in certain exceptional cases (e.g., a neighbour becoming annoyed with a person playing the piano and expressing this annoyance), the ability might not bring benefits. capability MF:0000044 A capability that is realised in an activity of producing or interpreting music. musical capability MF:0000045 A mental process that involves thinking about a state of affairs that is not yet the case together with a desire for that state of affairs to come about. act of wanting wanting MF:0000046 A musical capability that is realised in the production of music using a piano. capability to play piano MF:0000047 A musical capability that is realised in the production of music using a violin. capability to play violin MF:0000048 A personal capability that includes mental processes in its realisation. mental capability MF:0000049 A linguistic capability that is realised by processes in which textual concretisations of linguistic expressions are processed and understood. capability to read MF:0000050 A mental capability that is realised in processes of communication involving language or in expressions of language. linguistic capability MF:0000051 A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed expressions in a given language are understood. capability to understand language MF:0000052 A linguistic capability that is realised in processes in which well-formed vocal expressions in a given language are produced. capability to speak MF:0000053 A musical capability that is the ability to interpret the musical instructions represented in a musical score. capability to read music MF:0000054 Taste perception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the tongue and nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of tasting tasting MF:0000055 Smelling (olfactory perception) is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving xenobiotic molecules from a part of the environment of the subject binding with specialized sensory cells in the nasal cavity, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of smelling olfactory perception smelling MF:0000056 Touching (tactile perception) is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving pressure on the organism’s skin from a part of the environment of the subject, and b) is experienced by the subject as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the subject act of touching touching MF:0000057 A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental language. thinking with language MF:0000058 Affectional tie that one person or animal forms between himself and another specific one, a tie that binds them together emotionally and endures over time. attachment MFOMF_0000177 MF:0000059 Short-term detachment from one's immediate surroundings, during which a person's contact with reality is blurred and partially substituted by a visionary fantasy, especially one of happy, pleasant thoughts, hopes or ambitions, imagined as coming to pass, and experienced while awake. act of daydreaming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daydream daydreaming MFOMD_0000148 MF:0000060 The ability to maintain attention and alertness over prolonged periods of time. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigilance_%28psychology%29 state of vigilance vigilance MFOMD_0000140 MF:0000061 Orgasm is the sudden discharge of accumulated sexual tension during the sexual response cycle, resulting in rhythmic muscular contractions in the pelvic region characterized by sexual pleasure. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orgasm sexual climax orgasm MFOMD_0000207 MF:0000062 The psychic energy that drives individuals toward sensual pleasures of all types, especially sexual ones. http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx libido MFOMD_0000130 MF:0000063 A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as positive, assertive, social, and outgoing. http://www.github.com/no/ontologies/2017/PAO/Extraversion Associated Adjectives: active, assertive, energetic, enthusiastic, outgoing, talkative. extraversion MF:0000064 A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as angry, anxious, depressed, unstable, and vulnerable. http://www.github.com/no/ontologies/2017/PAO/Neuroticism Associated adjectives: anxious, self-pitying, tense, touchy unstable, and worrying. neuroticism MF:0000065 A personality trait manifesting itself in individual behavioral characteristics that are perceived as revealing, curiosity, an appreciation of novelty and variety of experiences and ideas, invention, and unpredictability. http://www.github.com/no/ontologies/2017/PAO/OpennessToExperience Associated adjectives: artistic, curious, imaginative, insightful, original, and wide interests. openness to experience MF:0000066 Olfactory consciousness is consciousness of an olfactory stimulus (scent), as experienced through the olfactory sensory medium as a part of a process of smelling. olfactory consciousness MF:0000067 Consciousness of self is the higher order consciousness that reflexively includes the awareness that the organism that is the subject of the conscious experience exists. consciousness of the existence of the self self-consciousness selfhood The implication of Descartes' famous "Cogito ergo sum" is that awareness of one's own existence entails that one exists. This is because consciousness creates a perspective, and awareness of this is a self-reflexive perspective of oneself. This is one aspect of intentionality that cannot fail. Intentionality can fail at all levels of content, but not at the level of intending through awareness the existence of the self that is consciously intending. consciousness of self MF:0000068 Proprioception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process specialized internal sensory cells in, for example, skin, muscles and joints, and b) by which their location and state of motion and/or balance are represented to the organism, and c) which is experienced by the subject as being so caused proprioception MF:0000069 Nociception is a mental process which is a) produced by a causal process specialized internal sensory cells in, for example, skin, muscles and joints, and b) by which actual or immanent tissue damage are reported to the organism, and c) which is experienced by the subject as being so caused nociception MF:0000070 A memory is a mental disposition that is realized in a process of remembering, i.e. a memory of X is a disposition realized in the process of remembering X. a memory MF:0000071 problem solving behaviour MF:0000072 The subjective experience of time as a coherent process inhabited by oneself as an embodied thinking being time awareness consciousness of time MF:0000073 Intentionality is the fundamental quality of conscious mental processes of always having content, of being directed towards, or about something. intentionality MF:0000074 A bodily quality is a quality that inheres in some extended organism. bodily quality MF:0000075 A mental quality is a bodily quality that inheres in those structures of the extended organism that are essential for mental functioning. mental quality MF:0000076 An example of an intentional modality is the capacity to represent objects of intentionality as unfolding in time or being time contingent. A structural capacity that shapes how an object of intentionality is represented for the subject. intentional mode intentional structure intentional modality MF:0000077 The subjective experience of the spatial surroundings one inhabits as an embodied entity. space awareness consciousness of space MF:0000078 The subjective experience of being an embodied entity. body awareness consciousness of the body MF:0000079 The subjective experience of other beings as self-aware entities. intersubjectivity MF:0000080 The intentional structural capacity to experience lived time. time intentional modality MF:0000081 The partial structure of time consciousness that relates to linking and projecting the content of immediate moments to future moments (e.g. how the path of a moving object is intuitively projected). protention MF:0000082 The partial structure of time consciousness that relates to retaining past events in memory and linking them to present events (e.g. how the individual tones in a melody is intuitively linked together to form a whole). retention MF:0000083 A mental process that evokes the representation of the sensory characteristics of objects or events when these are not immediately present to the senses. mental imagery MF:0000084 A spoken communication process is a linguistic communication process that: (a) involves as participant at least two linguistically capable organisms; (b) one of whom produces an utterance that is well-formed in a given spoken language; (c) the other of whom perceives and understands that utterance by virtue of their recognition of the meaning of the utterance through their knowledge of the language. spoken communication MF:0000085 A written communication process is an interpersonal process that: (a) involves as participant at least two organisms, (b) one of whom produces a message in writing that is well-formed in a given language; (c) the other of whom reads the message and understands it. written communication MF:0000086 A linguistic communication process is a communication process in which the information that is communicated is encoded in language. linguistic communication MF:0000087 A gestural communication process is a communication process in which information is transferred by means of physical movements. gestural communication MF:0000088 A mental process that involves neuronal activity in response to a sensory stimuli but which is not the subject of consciousness. subliminal process MF:0000089 A communication process in which information is transmitted without being encoded in the meaning units of any language. non-linguistic communication MF:0000090 A linguistic communication in which the meaning units are encoded in a sign language. sign-language communication MF:0000091 A non-linguistic communication process that involves the transmission of information by one participant interpreting the facial expressions of another participant. facial expression communication MF:0000101 Higher order consciousness is consciousness of one's own mental states, a self-reflexive consciousness of the experience of being conscious, of having mental processes ongoing. higher order consciousness MF:0000202 A personality is a complex sum of dispositions and predispositions towards mental processes and behaviour. It inheres in a person. Personality is not the same as mood, although a person may have a personality that includes a predisposition to moods of certain types, moods may come and go but a personality stays relatively constant, not appearing and disappearing. Personality typically changes slowly over time. personality MF:0000203 A personality trait is an individual disposition or predisposition that forms part of an overall personality and is realized in repeated occurrences of a specific mental process type or behavioural profile. personality trait NBO:0000159 rapid eye movement sleep NBO:0000161 "Behavior related to all sleep stages in the circadian sleep/wake cycle other than REM sleep." [NBO:GVG] non-rapid eye movement sleep behavior NBO:0000166 "Endogenously driven roughly 24-hour cycle in biochemical, physiological, or behavioral processes." [GOC:bf] circadian rhythm NBO:0000167 circadian period NBO:0000168 circadian persistence NBO:0000169 circadian phase NBO:0000536 "Any process in which an organism modulates its heart rate at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GOC:rl] circadian regulation of heart rate NBO:0000537 "Any process in which an organism modulates its blood pressure at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GO:GO\:0003052] circadian regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure NBO:0000538 "Any homeostatic process in which an organism modulates its internal body temperature at different values with a regularity of approximately 24 hours." [GOC:dbh] circadian temperature homeostasis NBO:0000634 irritable aggressive behavior NBO:0020040 Active pursuit of fleeing prey. chase prey NBO:0020045 Behaviors in which predator forces potential prey to emerge from cover. flush prey NBO:0020137 Building of a trap, web, net, or other structure to help ensnare potential food items. construct capturing device NBO:0020160 Approach to prey in manner designed to avoid early detection by prey. stalk prey NBO:0020292 Suite of behaviors involved in securing a prey item once it has been located. capturing behaviour NBO:0020293 Behaviors that result in ending flight of prey with successful predation. capturing prey OBI:0000011 A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. planned process OBI:0000278 a part of an occurrence of a disease process which is associated with position in the normal progression of the disease disease stage OGMS:0000014 A representation that is either the output of a clinical history taking or a physical examination or an image finding, or some combination thereof. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:18:02Z clinical finding OGMS:0000015 A series of statements representing health-relevant qualities of a patient and of a patient's family. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:18:59Z clinical history OGMS:0000016 A representation of clinically significant bodily components, dispositions, and/or bodily processes of a human being that is inferred from relevant clinical findings. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T10:20:20Z clinical picture OGMS:0000017 A representation of an image that supports an inference to an assertion about some quality of a patient. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T10:21:10Z image finding OGMS:0000018 A representation of a quality of a specimen that is the output of a laboratory test and that can support an inference to an assertion about some quality of the patient. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T10:21:58Z laboratory finding OGMS:0000019 A representation of a quality of a patient that is (1) recorded by a clinician because the quality is hypothesized to be of clinical significance and (2) refers to qualities obtaining in the patient prior to their becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T10:22:44Z preclinical finding OGMS:0000020 A process experienced by the patient, which can only be experienced by the patient, that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. note: defined class http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-11-18T11:02:10Z Updated: 2020-07-06 symptom OGMS:0000022 A quality of a patient that is (a) a deviation from clinical normality that exists in virtue of the realization of a disease and (b) is observable. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:12:33Z manifestation of a disease OGMS:0000023 A (combination of) quality(ies) of an organism determined by the interaction of its genetic make-up and environment that differentiates specific instances of a species from other instances of the same species. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T11:13:49Z phenotype OGMS:0000024 The class sign has been replaced by three seperate classes which reflect the different types of signs possible. obsolete_sign true OGMS:0000025 A manifestation of a disease that is detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:15:43Z clinical manifestation of a disease OGMS:0000026 A manifestation of a disease that exists prior to the time at which it would be detected in a clinical history taking or physical examination, if the patient were to present to a clinician. A realization of a disease that exists prior to its becoming detectable in a clinical history taking or physical examination. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:16:50Z preclinical manifestation of a disease OGMS:0000027 A clinically abnormal phenotype. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:18:05Z clinical phenotype OGMS:0000028 A clinically abnormal phenotype that is characteristic of a single disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:18:39Z disease phenotype OGMS:0000029 A physical sign in which a non-zero value is standardly considered to be an indication that the organism is alive. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:19:17Z vital sign OGMS:0000030 A disposition in an organism that constitutes an increased risk of the organism's subsequently developing the disease X. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:20:25Z predisposition to disease of type X OGMS:0000031 A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:21:20Z disease OGMS:0000032 Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:22:01Z homeostasis OGMS:0000033 A predisposition to disease of type X whose physical basis is a constitutional abnormality in an organism's genome. This abnormality is the physical basis for the increased risk of acquiring the disease X. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:23:07Z genetic predisposition to disease of type X OGMS:0000034 A disease whose physical basis is an acquired genetic disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:24:05Z acquired genetic disease OGMS:0000035 A disease whose physical basis is a constitutional genetic disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:24:59Z constitutional genetic disease OGMS:0000037 Homeostasis that is clinically abnormal for an organism of a given type and age in a given environment. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:26:44Z abnormal homeostasis OGMS:0000038 Homeostasis of a type that is not clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:27:28Z normal homeostasis OGMS:0000039 A quality which is an spatial arrangement or distribution of a(n) independent continuant(s) across a Three Dimensional Region. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:36:24Z configuration OGMS:0000040 A configuration which deviates in some way from a canonical configuration for a particular organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:36:58Z pathological physical configuration OGMS:0000045 A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:39:44Z disorder OGMS:0000046 A disorder whose etiology involves (1) a modification to the patient's genomic DNA which leads to alterations in the normal expression pattern of the genome, but is (2) not a change in the nucleotide sequence. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:40:27Z epigenetic disorder OGMS:0000047 A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:41:14Z genetic disorder OGMS:0000050 A genetic disorder acquired by a single cell in an organism that leads to a population of cells within the organism bearing the disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:43:09Z acquired genetic disorder OGMS:0000051 A genetic disorder inherited during conception that is part of all cells in the organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:43:44Z constitutional genetic disorder OGMS:0000055 A health care process in which a clinician elicits a description of previous sign and symptoms of disease from a patient or from a third party who is reporting on behalf of the patient. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:49:16Z clinical history taking OGMS:0000056 A measurement assay that has as input a patient-derived specimen and as output a data item that is about a quality of the specimen. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:49:49Z clinical laboratory test OGMS:0000057 A sequence of acts of observing and measuring qualities of a patient performed by a clinician; measurements may occur with and without elicitation. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2010-07-19T11:50:18Z physical examination OGMS:0000059 A process in an organism that leads to a subsequent disorder. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:07Z etiological process OGMS:0000060 A process in which at least one bodily component of an organsim participates. Albert Goldfain http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000060 bodily process OGMS:0000061 A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:54:29Z pathological bodily process OGMS:0000063 The totality of all processes through which a given disease instance is realized. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:55:44Z disease course OGMS:0000064 A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, fall within abnormal homeostatic range. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:56:26Z 10212020 for definition use: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0001863 chronic disease course OGMS:0000065 A disease course that (a) does not terminate in a return to normal homeostasis and (b) would, absent intervention, involve an increasing deviation from homeostasis. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:57:09Z progressive disease course OGMS:0000066 A disease course that terminates in a return to normal homeostasis. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T11:57:44Z transient disease course OGMS:0000067 Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:58:22Z _undefined primitive term OGMS:0000069 Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T11:59:24Z clinically abnormal OGMS:0000070 Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T12:00:09Z physical basis OGMS:0000071 Albert Goldfain creation date: 2009-06-23T12:00:39Z realization OGMS:0000073 The representation of a conclusion of a diagnostic process. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-23T12:42:23Z diagnosis OGMS:0000074 A value for a quality reported in a lab report and asserted by the testing lab or the kit manufacturer to be normal based on a statistical treatment of values from a reference population. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf creation date: 2009-06-26T10:31:34Z normal value OGMS:0000077 TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:14:59Z pathological formation OGMS:0000078 An anatomical structure (FMA) is pathological whenever (1) it has come into being as a result of changes in some pre-existing canonical anatomical structure, (2) through processes other than the expression of the normal complement of genes of an organism of the given type, and (3) is predisposed to have health-related consequences for the organism in question manifested by symptoms and signs. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:14:05Z pathological anatomical structure OGMS:0000079 TODO: Define, relate to disorder, and place in the OGMS hierarchy. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:15:17Z portion of pathological body substance OGMS:0000080 A pathological bodily process in which a canonical anatomical structure becomes a pathological anatomical structure. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:17:07Z pathological transformation OGMS:0000081 A pathological bodily process in which matter is reorganized in such a way as to give rise to new pathological formations which take the place of entities existing earlier. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:17:24Z pathological derivation OGMS:0000082 TODO: Define. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bio/ISMB/ISMB_Bio-ontologies.pdf creation date: 2009-07-13T02:17:47Z pathological invasion OGMS:0000083 TODO: Define. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=26 creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z physical examination finding OGMS:0000084 An aggregate of organisms of the same type. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=33 creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z organism population OGMS:0000085 A bodily process in an organism S involving two integrated levels: (a) activation of the nociceptive system and associated emotion generating brain components of S, and (b) a simultaneous aversive sensory and emotional experience on the part of S, where (b) is phenomenologically similar to the sort of aversive experience involved in pain with concordant tissue damage. Albert Goldfain http://www.referent-tracking.com/RTU/sendfile/?file=painTokyo1_27_2011.pdf creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z pain OGMS:0000086 A pattern of signs and symptoms that typically co-occur. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=32 creation date: 2009-11-24T04:51:11Z syndrome OGMS:0000087 An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=3 creation date: 2010-01-25T04:51:11Z From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000087 extended organism OGMS:0000088 A communication from a patient about something they perceive as being abnormal about their body or life. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=12 creation date: 2010-01-25T04:51:11Z patient symptom report OGMS:0000089 A structurally anomalous part of an organism acquired during fetal development and present at birth (but not necessarily hereditary) which is hypothesized to be harmful for the organism. Albert Goldfain congenital malformation http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=28 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z congenital disorder OGMS:0000090 A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate, prevent, or alleviate a disorder, the signs and symptoms of a disorder, or a pathological process Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z treatment OGMS:0000091 A processual entity during which a patient participating in a disease course gradually returns to participating in a canonical life course. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z convalescence OGMS:0000092 A process which has as parts all the processes in which a given organism is participant. Albert Goldfain Richard Scheuermann Sagar Jain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=38 creation date: 2010-03-31T04:51:11Z EDIT: 10 NOV 2015 life course OGMS:0000093 A hypothesis about some future part of a disease course. Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=35 creation date: 2010-03-31T12:42:23Z prognosis OGMS:0000094 A disease course with an acute onset Albert Goldfain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/wiki/Meeting_notes_20100513 creation date: 2010-07-19T11:57:44Z 10212020 for definition use http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO_0000389 acute disease course OGMS:0000095 A bodily process caused by some disorder that results in recruitment of leukocytes into a localized tissue site, typically causing localized pain and swelling. Albert Goldfain Richard Scheuermann Sagar Jain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/wiki/Meeting_notes_20100513 creation date: 2010-07-19T11:57:44Z Updated: 10 NOV 2015 inflammatory process OGMS:0000096 A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z editor date: 2017-04-18 health care process OGMS:0000097 A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z health care encounter OGMS:0000098 TODO Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z 09/16/2020 Is this same as admission? Is this the same as inpatient encounter? hospitalization OGMS:0000099 TODO Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z outpatient encounter OGMS:0000100 A health care encounter involving a patient who has been admitted to a health care facility and remains in a hospital facility for at least one night. Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z inpatient encounter OGMS:0000101 A health care encounter in which care is provided for undifferentiated and unscheduled patients with illnesses or injuries requiring immediate medical attention. Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 creation date: 2011-02-21T09:57:44Z emergency department encounter OGMS:0000102 A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a catastrophic external force. At the scale of organism (as opposed to the cellular scale or the population scale), an injury is typically the result of a catastrophic event. Consider the implications of making 'injury' a subtype of 'disorder'. Note: Adopted subtype of disorder, and injury can occur at the scale of organism down to cellular level. Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/ca0ad373f27774c5 OGMS call adoption- 16 SEPT 2015 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iiV1-fTS7BUUSzDw3N_Afx42698YWf54-FOTY2NkAxo/edit creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z edited date: 30 SEPT 2015 injury OGMS:0000103 A planned process whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to reduce the risk of developing a disorder or the signs and symptoms of a disorder. Whether or not 'prophylaxis' and 'treatment' classes are disjoint is an open question. Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/e42bde79218ee34e creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z disease prophylaxis OGMS:0000104 A health care process that involves the interpretation of a clinical picture from a given patient (input) and the assertion to the effect that the patient has a disease, disorder, or syndrome of a certain type, or none of these (output). Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/2a7008f311fac766/e7de486c94dfd82e creation date: 2011-09-20T09:57:44Z diagnostic process OGMS:0000105 A disease stage which is preceded by a remission and characterized by the return of a manifestation of a disease. A pathological bodily process which is part of a disease couse that occurs after an incomplete remission and that is similar to earlier parts of the disease course. Albert Goldfain Richard Scheuermann Sagar Jain recurrent http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=73 10 NOV 2015 relapse OGMS:0000106 A disease stage which is characterized by the lack of a manifestation of a disease A part of a disease course in which the extent or rate of change of the signs and symptoms of a disorder has decreased. Albert Goldfain Richard Scheuermann Sagar Jain http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=73 10 NOV 2015 remission OGMS:0000107 A planned process that has the objective to support the objective of a health care process without directly involving the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient. 2017-04-18 Sagar Jain ancillary health care process OGMS:0000108 A health care process with the objective to produce information about the material entity that is the evaluant, by physically examining it or its proxies. creation: 16MAY2017 Sagar Jain health care process assay OGMS:0000109 A health care process which results in physical changes in a specified input material creation: 16MAY2017 Sagar Jain health care process biomaterial transformation OGMS:0000110 A health care process that produces output from input data creation: 16MAY2017 Sagar Jain health care process data transformation OGMS:0000111 A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to prevent the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. Creation date: 2018-11-27 prophylactic treatment OGMS:0000112 A treatment whose completion is hypothesized by a health care provider to eliminate a disorder or to alleviate the signs and symptoms of a disorder or pathological process. Creation data: 2018-11-27 therapeutic procedure OGMS:0000113 A therapeutic procedure that uses synthetic or naturally-occurring chemicals creation date: 2018-11-27 chemotherapy procedure OGMS:0000114 A therapeutic procedure that uses immune system derived entities. creation date: 2018-11-27 immunotherapy procedure OGMS:0000115 A therapeutic procedure that uses physical conditioning creation date: 2018-11-27 physical therapy procedure OGMS:0000116 A therapeutic procedure that uses radiation. creation date: 2018-11-27 radiation therapy procedure OGMS:0000117 A disease stage characterized by the lack of symptoms associated with a given disease creation date: 2018-11-27 asymptomatic OGMS:0000118 A disease stage that marks the beginning of a disease creation date 2018-11-27 onset OGMS:0000119 A disease stage with a rapid unfolding of signs and symptoms creation date 2018-11-27 acute onset OGMS:0000120 A remission which is characterized by a prolonged lack of all manifestations of a disease complete remission OGMS:0000121 A remission which is characterized by a prolonged lack of some manifestations of a disease partial remission OGMS:0000122 A quality in which complete clearance of the disorder is attained; however, physiological 'memory' may persist creation date: 2018-11-27 recovered from disease OGMS:0000123 A data item that is about a patient and is the specified output of a health care process assay or diagnostic process creation date: 2018-11-27 clinical data item OGMS:0000124 A health care encounter that is regularly scheduled for the purpose of health monitoring. routine clinical visit routine health care encounter OGMS:0000125 A health care encounter that is scheduled for the purpose of assessing a known set of specific issues follow-up clinical visit follow-up health care encounter OGMS:0000126 A congenital disorder arising as a result of an infectious process congenital infection OGMS:0000127 A congenital disorder arising as a result of a drug exposure causing an anatomical abnormality drug induced congenital malformation OGMS:0000128 A pathological bodily process that occurs in the fetus during fetal development congenital process OGMS:0000129 An abnormal material entity that is part of a patient and hypothesized to be clinically relevant. Example: an abnormal growth, an inflammatory infiltrate, swollen tissue, distension physical sign OGMS:0000130 The process in which an allergic disease unfolds. allergic disease process OGMS:0000131 The process in which cancer unfolds cancer process OGMS:0000132 The process in which an autoimmune disease unfolds. autoimmune disease process OGMS:0000133 progression stage OGMS:0000134 cancer progression stage OGMS:0000135 A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth contained within normal tissue boundaries (e.g. carcinoma in situ). cancer progression stage 0 OGMS:0000136 A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass. cancer progression stage I OGMS:0000137 A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends well beyond normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass. cancer progression stage II OGMS:0000138 A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to one or more regional draining lymph nodes. cancer progression stage III OGMS:0000139 A cancer progression stage characterized by abnormal cellular growth that extends through normal local tissue boundaries as a contiguous mass and includes metastasis to other distant tissues besides lymph nodes. cancer progression stage IV OGMS:0000140 The process in which an infectious disease unfolds infectious disease process OGMS:0000141 An abnormal processual entity occuring in a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. processual sign OGMS:0000142 An abnormal observable quality of a part of a patient that is hypothesized to be clinically relevant. Example: the color of a rash; the shape of a melanoma qualitative sign OGMS:0000143 A therapeutic procedure in which a body part is transferred into a organism transplantation OGMS:0000144 A transplantation in which the body part is a non-fluid tissue solid organ transplant OGMS:0000145 A transplantation in which the body part is a bodily fluid transfusion OGMS:0000146 A disorder of some macroscopic part of a tissue tissue disorder OGMS:0000147 A tissue disorder that has resulted from a dysregulation of cell proliferation leading to a net increase in mass neoplasm OGMS:0000148 A role borne by some material entity which can be delivered/administrated into some organism and the role is realized during a clinical treatment process aiming to treat symptoms, signs or diagnosed disease. Originally OBIB_0000026 medication role oboInOwl:DbXref oboInOwl:Definition oboInOwl:Subset oboInOwl:Synonym oboInOwl:SynonymType owl:Thing example to be eventually removed example to be eventually removed failed exploratory term The term was used in an attempt to structure part of the ontology but in retrospect failed to do a good job Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg failed exploratory term metadata complete Class has all its metadata, but is either not guaranteed to be in its final location in the asserted IS_A hierarchy or refers to another class that is not complete. metadata complete organizational term Term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release term created to ease viewing/sort terms for development purpose, and will not be included in a release organizational term ready for release Class has undergone final review, is ready for use, and will be included in the next release. Any class lacking "ready_for_release" should be considered likely to change place in hierarchy, have its definition refined, or be obsoleted in the next release. Those classes deemed "ready_for_release" will also derived from a chain of ancestor classes that are also "ready_for_release." ready for release metadata incomplete Class is being worked on; however, the metadata (including definition) are not complete or sufficiently clear to the branch editors. metadata incomplete uncurated Nothing done yet beyond assigning a unique class ID and proposing a preferred term. uncurated pending final vetting All definitions, placement in the asserted IS_A hierarchy and required minimal metadata are complete. The class is awaiting a final review by someone other than the term editor. pending final vetting Core is an instance of a grouping of terms from an ontology or ontologies. It is used by the ontology to identify main classes. PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg PERSON: Melanie Courtot core obsolete_core true placeholder removed placeholder removed terms merged An editor note should explain what were the merged terms and the reason for the merge. terms merged term imported This is to be used when the original term has been replaced by a term imported from an other ontology. An editor note should indicate what is the URI of the new term to use. term imported term split This is to be used when a term has been split in two or more new terms. An editor note should indicate the reason for the split and indicate the URIs of the new terms created. term split universal Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Hard to give a definition for. Intuitively a "natural kind" rather than a collection of any old things, which a class is able to be, formally. At the meta level, universals are defined as positives, are disjoint with their siblings, have single asserted parents. Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf A Formal Theory of Substances, Qualities, and Universals, http://ontology.buffalo.edu/bfo/SQU.pdf universal universal defined class A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal A defined class is a class that is defined by a set of logically necessary and sufficient conditions but is not a universal "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. "definitions", in some readings, always are given by necessary and sufficient conditions. So one must be careful (and this is difficult sometimes) to distinguish between defined classes and universal. Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg defined class defined class named class expression A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. A named class expression is a logical expression that is given a name. The name can be used in place of the expression. named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions named class expressions are used in order to have more concise logical definition but their extensions may not be interesting classes on their own. In languages such as OWL, with no provisions for macros, these show up as actuall classes. Tools may with to not show them as such, and to replace uses of the macros with their expansions Alan Ruttenberg Alan Ruttenberg named class expression named class expression to be replaced with external ontology term Terms with this status should eventually replaced with a term from another ontology. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI to be replaced with external ontology term requires discussion A term that is metadata complete, has been reviewed, and problems have been identified that require discussion before release. Such a term requires editor note(s) to identify the outstanding issues. Alan Ruttenberg group:OBI requires discussion The term was added to the ontology on the assumption it was in scope, but it turned out later that it was not. This obsolesence reason should be used conservatively. Typical valid examples are: un-necessary grouping classes in disease ontologies, a phenotype term added on the assumption it was a disease. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/77 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5208-3432 out of scope 2020-04-26 BFO_0000054 BFO_0000054s BFO_0000054ed realized in BFO_0000055 BFO_0000055s BFO_0000055ed realizes BFO_0000107 BFO_0000107s BFO_0000107ed disposition of at all times BFO_0000112 BFO_0000112s BFO_0000112ed has disposition at some time BFO_0000117 BFO_0000117s BFO_0000117ed has occurrent part BFO_0000132 BFO_0000132s BFO_0000132ed part of occurrent BFO_0000167 BFO_0000167s BFO_0000167ed has participant at all times BFO_0000176 BFO_0000176s BFO_0000176ed part of continuant at some time Alison Wright Barry Smith Janna Hastings Jeanette Alicia Chacón Candia Mark Jensen Neil Otte Paulina Schenk https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Mental Functioning Ontology The Mental Functioning Ontology (MF) was first described in the publication available at http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 entitled 'Foundations for a realist ontology of mental disease' (Barry Smith and Werner Ceusters). The Mental Functioning Ontology is an overarching ontology for all aspects of mental functioning, founded on the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and related to the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS). The OWL representaions of MF and MD were split on 22 May 2012. The release version of the MF is now a single, merged file prepared from the source module files using the ROBOT library's merge function. This OWL version of the MF ontology was originally created by Janna Hastings and is maintained by all committers to the MF ontology project. 2022-07-19 Barry Smith Janna Hastings Jeanette Alicia Chacón Candia Mark Jensen The Mental Disease Ontology is developed to facilitate representation for all aspects of mental disease. It is an extension of the Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) and Mental Functioning Ontology (MF). Mental Disease Ontology The Mental Disease Ontology was first described in the publication 'Foundations for a realist ontology of mental disease' (Barry Smith and Werner Ceusters) which is available at http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 . 2020-04-26 Alan Ruttenberg Albert Goldfain Anand Kumar Barry Smith Bill Hogan Brian Aevermann Cornelius Rosse Daniel Merico Jie Zheng Lindsay Cowell Richard Scheuermann Sivaram Arabandi Werner Ceusters 2009-08-07 The Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) is an ontology of entities involved in a clinical encounter. OGMS includes very general terms that are used across medical disciplines, including: 'disease', 'disorder', 'disease course', 'diagnosis', 'patient', and 'healthcare provider'. OGMS uses the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) as an upper-level ontology. The scope of OGMS is restricted to humans, but many terms can be applied to a variety of organisms. OGMS provides a formal theory of disease that can be further elaborated by specific disease ontologies. This theory is implemented using OWL-DL and OBO Relation Ontology relations and is available in OWL and OBO formats. OGMS is based on the papers Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis and On Carcinomas and Other Pathological Entities. The ontology attempts to address some of the issues raised at the Workshop on Ontology of Diseases (Dallas, TX) and the Signs, Symptoms, and Findings Workshop(Milan, Italy). OGMS was formerly called the clinical phenotype ontology. Terms from OGMS hang from the Basic Formal Ontology. Ontology for General Medical Science http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ The Ontology for General Medical Science (OGMS) is based on the papers Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis and On Carcinomas and Other Pathological Entities. The ontology attempts to address some of the issues raised at the Workshop on Ontology of Diseases (Dallas, TX). OGMS was formerly called the clinical phenotype ontology. Terms from OGMS hang from the Basic Formal Ontology. The latest version of OGMS is available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ogms.owl The OGMS developer site is https://github.com/OGMS/ogms If you are interested in participating in the development of OGMS, please send email to baeverma 2021-08-19 manifestationOf manifestationOfs manifestationOfed A slim of BFO with only object selected properties. MD-core.owl -- the core content of the Mental Disease ontology branch of the Mental Functioning ontology project. To be imported into the full ontology project. Wherever possible uses as primary ID the DOID (Disease Ontology) ID. Core mental functioning ontology classes and properties. To be imported into the full MF.owl OBO-Edit 2.3.1 30:01:2015 17:00 disease_ontology 1.2 emitraka This SLIM (only diseases of mental health) was created automatically on 04.02.2014 from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid.owl by Janna Hastings for import into the Mental Functioning Ontology -- Mental Diseases (MFOMD). This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/. en Adam Goldstein Alan Ruttenberg Albert Goldfain Barry Smith Bjoern Peters Carlo Torniai Chris Mungall Chris Stoeckert Christian A. Boelling Darren Natale David Osumi-Sutherland Gwen Frishkoff Holger Stenzhorn James A. Overton James Malone Jennifer Fostel Jie Zheng Jonathan Rees Larisa Soldatova Lawrence Hunter Mathias Brochhausen Matt Brush Melanie Courtot Michel Dumontier Paolo Ciccarese Pat Hayes Philippe Rocca-Serra Randy Dipert Ron Rudnicki Satya Sahoo Sivaram Arabandi Werner Ceusters William Duncan William Hogan Yongqun (Oliver) He