NIF-Cell: contains cell types from SAO-Cell and NIF-Cell v.1.10 - July 17, 2013 v.1.1 (February, 2009) - * Duplicate classes from SAO (sao_ and nifext_ prefixed IDs) has been eliminated as identified in the NeuroLex wiki. While retiring the duplicate classes, kept the ones with most detailed annotations or merged the annotation (synonyms, definitions etc) into the ones that had more/better information regardless of their IDs with sao or nifext prefixes. * Not all sao prefixed IDs are out of date or replaced by nifext. v.1.2 (April 5, 2009) - New classes have been added from NeuroLex wiki since the 1.0 release (Class ID: nlx_cell_20081201 to 20090403). v.1.3 (April 20, 2009) - The labels for the Neuron names were changed into standardized ones as proposed by Gordon Shephard as part of the cell working group * The classes are with modifiedDate: April 15, 2009 * Older labels were kept as one of the synonyms for those classes with the new labels. v.1.5 (June 10, 2010) - Added new classes from BAMS. v.1.7 (May 2, 2012) - Added contributions from NeuroLex cell categories. v.1.9 (December 2, 2012) - Added minor contributions from NeuroLex. v.1.10 (July 17, 2013) - Replaced old PURLs with new ones. birn_annot:_birnlex_retired_class nifext_100 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Nucleus of the Solitary Tract principle cell Solitary tract nucleus principal neuron Solitary tract nucleus principal cell Solitary tract nucleus principal cell nifext_101 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Nucleus of the Solitary Tract intrinsic cell Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic neuron Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell Solitary tract nucleus intrinsic cell nifext_102 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell Dorsal spinocerebellar tract cell Spinocerebellar (dorsal) tract cell Spinocerebellar (dorsal) tract cell nifext_103 2007-09-05 May 28, 2009 Motor neuron motoneuron sao1460710779 Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron Definition and SAO_ID Added. Large, multipolar neuron found in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and in cranial nerve motor nuclei in the brain stem that innervate muscle. Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron nifext_104 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 2007-09-05 SAO December 9, 2008 March 19, 2009 This classification is not orthogonal to the alpha, beta classification and needs to be rethought (M. Martone, October 26, 2008). anterior horn cell This is a non orthogonal class which should be defined by restrictions. Motor neuron spinal true Action note added. Motor neuron spinal A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_105 2007-09-05 SenseLab March 31, 2009 Alpha Motor Neuron lower motor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha Large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle Fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron alpha A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_106 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Beta motor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron beta A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_107 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 Gamma motor neuron fusimotor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron gamma A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_108 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 March 31, 2009 Autonomic motor neuron Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron autonomic Spinal cord ventral horn motor neuron autonomic A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Sympathetic nervous system function. nifext_109 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 December 9th, 2008 Sympathetic motor neuron Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic Moved as a subclass of 'Autonomic motor neuron' from 'Motor neuron'. Spinal cord intermediate horn motor neuron sympathetic nifext_110 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 December 9, 2008 IA interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA Moved as a subclass of 'Neuron' instead of a subclass of 'Autonomic motor neuron'. Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IA A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_111 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 IB interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron IB A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_112 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 II interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron II A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_113 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org SenseLab 2007-09-05 Renshaw cell Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron Renshaw A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Motor System function. nifext_114 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 FFA interneuron Flexor reflex afferent interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron FRA nifext_115 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Proprioception intersegmental cell Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental neuron Spinal cord ventral horn intersegmental cell proprioception Spinal cord proprioception intersegmental cell Spinal cord ventral horn intersegmental cell proprioception nifext_116 ORN OSN 2007-09-05 Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb, In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. February 12, 2010 Olfactory receptor neuron olfactory receptor olfactory receptor cell olfactory sensory cell olfactory sensory neuron Sensory neuron stimulated by odor molecules (GMS 8-10-09) Olfactory epithelium (main) sensory cell This is the sensory neuron of the main olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity that transduces odor molecules into receptor potentials, which give rise to the impulse trains that are sent further in the olfactory system.. It is a small bipolar cell in the pseudostratified olfactory epithelium, with cell body 8-15 um diameter giving rise to a single dendrite ending in a knob at the epithelial surface, from which arise several sensory cilia. A single unmyelinated axon descends through the basal lamina and turns to project to the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Olfactory receptor neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_117 GBC 2007-09-05 April 8, 2010 Globose basal cell Globose cell A type of neural stem cell in the olfactory epithelium Globose cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_118 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Horizontal cell (olfactory) Olfactory cortex horizontal cell Olfactory cortex horizontal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_119 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Main olfactory epithelium sustentacular cell Supporting cell sustentacular cell Main olfactory epithelium supporting (sustentacular) cell Main olfactory epithelium supporting (sustentacular) cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_120 MC 2007-09-05 Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2005 March 31, 2009 Mitral cell Mitral neuron Olfactory bulb main mitral cell sao900005350 Olfactory bulb (main) mitral cell Principal neuron located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is usually characterized in the mammal by a single primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches which receives input from the axons of olfactory receptor neurons. Axons of the mitral cells project to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Olfactory bulb main mitral cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_121 TC 2007-09-05 December 15, 2009 Olfactory bulb (main) tufted cell (middle) Tufted cell Olfactory bulb main tufted cell Principal neuron located in the outer third of the external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Each tufted cell is characterized by usually a single short primary dendrite that traverses the outer external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches, where it receives the input from olfactory receptor neuron axon terminals. Differentiated from external tufted cells. Axons of the tufted cells transfer information to a number of areas in the brain, including the piriform cortex, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and amygdala. Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Olfactory bulb main tufted cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_122 2007-09-05 Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory bulb. In The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. February 12, 2010 Glomerular layer cell Olfactory bulb glomerular layer cell periglomerular cell Olfactory bulb (accessory) glomerular layer cell Small intrinsic neuron in the glomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb, with cell bodies surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. Equivalent to the periglomerular cell of the main olfactory bulb, but the glomeruli are less clearly differentiated. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrite that arborizes within a glomerulus, where it receives synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engages in dendrodendritic interactions with mitral/tufted cell dendrites. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region. Olfactory bulb glomerular layer cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_123 GC (MOB) 2007-09-05 Shepherd, Chen & Greer. Olfactory Bulb. The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. February 12, 2010 Granule cell of olfactory bulb Olfactory Granule cell Olfactory bulb main granule cell Olfactory granule neuron sao776599268 Olfactory bulb (main) granule cell The main intrinsic neuron in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It lacks an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive information from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and send information to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Main olfactory bulb granule cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_124 2007-09-05 Pressier, R. T. and Strowbridge, B. W. Blanes cells mediate persistent feedforward inhibition onto granule cells in the olfactory bulb. Neuron 49 (6): 889-904, 2006. February 12, 2010 Blane's cell Blanes cell Blanes neuron Olfactory bulb (main) deep short axon cell Olfactory bulb main short axon cell deep Short axon cell Olfactory bulb (main) Blanes cell Added: Definition, synonym and defining citation. A large, stellate shaped short axon interneuron found in the granule cell layer of the main olfactory bulb. Main olfactory bulb short axon cell deep A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_125 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Superficial interneuron Superficial interneuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_126 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Deep interneuron Neocortex interneuron deep Neocortex interneuron deep A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Olfactory System function. nifext_128 2007-09-05 NIF SAO SenseLab May 12, 2011 Cerebellar granule cell sao1736323572 Cerebellum granule cell 146519 Definition Added NeuroMorpho just lists granule cell Cerebellum granule cell nifext_129 2007-09-05 NIF SAO SenseLab 2007-09-05 Golgi cell Golgi cell nifext_130 2007-09-05 NIF SAO SenseLab April 15, 2009 Cerebellar stellate cell Cerebellum stellate cell Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. Cerebellum stellate cell nifext_131 #sao1417703748 #sao666951243 2007-09-05 NIF SAO SenseLab March 19, 2009 This class has been retired. Cerebellar basket cell true Cerebellar basket cell nifext_132 UBC 2007-09-05 Kalinchichenko, S. G. and Okhotin, V. E. Unipolar brush cells-a new type of excitatory interneuron in the cerebellar cortex and cochlear nuclei of the brainstem. Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology, 25 (1), 21-26, 2005 NIF SAO February 12, 2010 Unipolar brush cell Unipolar brush neuron There are apparently two distinct populations of UBC's staining for calretinin and mGluR1 alpha respectively Cerebellum unipolar brush cell A type of cell in the cerebellar cortex, first described in 1977 by Altman and Bayer, characterized by a single dendrite ending in a small brush consisting of a number of small dendrites called dendrioles. Unipolar brush cells are found in primarily in the granular cell layer and most concentrated in lobule IX, the flocculus, the nodulus and the ventromedial zone of the paraflocculus. Their somata are larger than granule cells but smaller than Golgi cells. They are known to stain for calretinin. Note that this reference was translated from the original Russian and appeared in Morfologiya, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 7, December, 2003. Cerebellum unipolar brush cell nifext_133 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 December 5, 2008 Lugaro cell Cerebellum Lugaro cell Definition edited. Type of neuron found in cerebellar granule cell layer characterized by a fusiform cell body with thick, horizontally oriented dendrites. Lugaro cells are located in or slightly below the Purkinje cell layer at the outermost edge of the granular layer. Cerebellum Lugaro cell nifext_134 2007-09-05 BAMS April 15, 2009 Candelabrum cell Candelabrum neuron Neocortex candelabrum cell Neocortex candelabrum cell nifext_135 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 DCN glutamatergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus glutamatergic cell deep cerebellar nucleus glutamatergic cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) glutamatergic cell nifext_136 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 DCN Gabaergic cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus gabaergic cell deep cerebellar nucleus GABAergic cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) gabaergic cell nifext_137 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 Rhombic lip stem cell Rhombic lip stem cell nifext_138 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 CD133 positive stem cell CD133 positive stem cell nifext_139 2007-09-05 BAMS April 15, 2009 Neocortex pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron Olfactory cortex pyramidal neuron Small pyramidal neuron Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell Olfactory cortex pyramidal cell nifext_140 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Spiny bipolar cell Spiny bipolar cell nifext_141 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org SAO SenseLab April 15, 2009 March 31, 2009 Medium spiny cell Medium spiny neuron Medium-sized spiny neuron Neostriatal spiny neuron Neostriatum spiny medium cell Neostriatum spiny medium neuron Striatal medium spiny cell Striatal spiny neuron sao68203136 Neostriatum medium spiny neuron http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/med_spiny_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg Neostriatum spiny medium cell nifext_142 2007-09-05 SAO SenseLab 2007-09-05 December 10, 2008 Large striatal aspiny neuron Striatal cholingergic interneuron large striatal aspiny neuron This class has been retired. Giant cholinergic interneuron true 'Large striatal aspiny neuron' added as a synonym Giant cholinergic interneuron nifext_143 2007-09-05 Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. SenseLab February 12, 2010 Gaba/parvalbumin striatal interneuron Neo Striatum GABA interneuron Neo Striatum Parvalbumin interneuron Neo striatum GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Neostriatum gaba/parvalbumin interneuron Striatum (neo) GABA interneuron Striatum (neo) GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron Striatum (neo) Parvalbumin interneuron Neostriatum parvalbumin interneuron A type of interneuron located in the striatum that stain intensely for GABAergic markers and for parvalbumin. The cells are medium sized with round somata and smooth, sometimes varicose dendrites. THe axonal arborization banches extensively and often forms baskets on the somata of the spiny neurons. Intracellular staining studies suggest that these cells may be divided into two subgroups epending on whether their dendrites and axons ramify within 100-150 um of the soma or are more extended (up to 300 um) Striatum (neo) GABA/Parvalbumin interneuron nifext_144 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Neostriatum SOM/NOS interneuron SOM/NOS interneuron somatostatin/nitric oxide synthase interneuron Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell Neostriatum SOM/NOS cell nifext_145 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 5, 2008 Substantia nigra dopaminergic cell sao34994437 sao34994437 Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell Substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic cell nifext_146 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_145 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 * This class has been retired. * Reason:There doesn't appear to be such as structure as pars laminaris. Pars laminaris dopaminergic cell true Pars laminaris dopaminergic cell nifext_147 2007-09-05 SAO April 15, 2009 December 4, 2008 Pars reticulata Gaba interneuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA neuron Substania nigra pars reticulata interneuorn GABA Substania nigra pars reticulata interneuorn GABA nifext_148 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Pars reticulata principle neuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell nifext_149 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Globus pallidus principle cell Globus pallidus principal cell Globus pallidus principal cell nifext_150 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Globus pallidus intrinsic cell Globus pallidus intrinsic cell nifext_151 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell corticomedial amygdalar nucleus Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell Amygdala corticomedial nucleus pyramidal cell nifext_152 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell basolateral amygdalar nucleus Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal cell Amygdala basolateral nucleus pyramidal cell nifext_153 2007-09-05 SAO SenseLab 2007-09-05 December 5, 2008 Dentate granule celle Dentate gyrus granule neuron Granule cell of dentate gyrus sao2007319345 Dentate gyrus granule cell The dentate gyrus granule cell is the only principal cell of the dentate gyrus. Dentate gyrus granule cell nifext_154 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Islands of Calleja Gaba interneuron Islets of Calleja Gaba interneuron Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA interneuron Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja GABA cell nifext_155 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Islands of Calleja dopamine cell Islets of Calleja dopamine cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA neuron Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell Olfactory tubercle Islets of Calleja DA cell nifext_156 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao131261273 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 Hippocampal pyramidal neuron This class has been retired Hippocampal pyramidal cell true Hippocampal pyramidal cell nifext_157 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao830368389 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 CA1 pyramidal neuron This class has been retired CA1 pyramidal cell true CA1 pyramidal cell nifext_158 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao383526650 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 CA3 pyramidal neuron This class has been retired CA3 pyramidal cell true CA3 pyramidal cell nifext_159 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 10, 2008 Subiculum pyramidal neuron Subiculum pyramidal cell Moved as a subclass of 'Pyramidal Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Also a difinition is added for this class. Pyramidal neuron whose cell body is located in the subiculum. Subiculum pyramidal cell nifext_160 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 2, 2009 Hippocampal basket cell Hippocampal basket cell nifext_161 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Chandelier-type cell Neocortex chandelier-type cell Neocortex handelier-type cell nifext_162 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Neostriatum SOM interneuron SOM cell somatostatin containing cell Neostriatum SOM cell Neostriatum SOM cell nifext_163 2007-09-05 SenseLab February 12, 2009 Olfactory cortex polymorphic neuronl Olfactory piriform cortex polymorphic cell Piriform (olfactory) cortex polymorphic cell Polymorphic cell Olfactory cortex polymorphic cell Piriform (olfactory) cortex polymorphic cell nifext_164 2007-09-05 SenseLab 2007-09-05 Mossy cell Mossy cell nifext_165 2007-09-05 SAO 2007-09-05 Subependymal Astrocyte Subependymal Astrocyte nifext_166 2007-09-05 SAO 2007-09-05 Type I/II Oligodendrocyte Type I/II Oligodendrocyte nifext_167 2007-09-05 SAO 2007-09-05 Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte nifext_168 2007-09-05 NIF SAO 2007-09-05 Muller cell Muller cell nifext_169 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1213292244 2007-09-05 SAO March 3, 2010 This class has been retired. Oligodendrocyte precursor cell true Oligodendrocyte precursor cell nifext_17 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Retinal Ganglion Cell Retinal Ganglion Neuron Retina ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_170 2007-09-05 SAO December 9, 2008 March 19, 2008 Need to update this definition to include morphological criteria. microglia A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. sao789292116 Microglial cell Partial definition added and mapped with sao ID sao789292116. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/microglia2_sw_512x512.jpg Microglial cell nifext_171 2007-09-05 OBO Cell Type Ontology v1.36 SAO December 11, 2008 March 19, 2009 Mural Cell Rouget Cell CL:0000184 sao1355908696 Pericyte Definition and editorial note added. Moved as a subclass of 'Cell' instead instead of a subclass of 'Muscle Cell'. *Slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells. (From OBO Cell Type Ontology). *A flattened, or elongated, stellate-shaped solitary cell with multiple cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillary endothelium and contacting a large abluminal vessel area. It may be equivalent to the vascular smooth muscle cell, although this identify has not been conclusively determined yet (Armulik et al., Circ Res 97: 512, 2005). Need to modify this definition to include morphology. Pericyte nifext_172 2007-10-10 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Chemosensory receptor Chemosensory receptor neuron Chemosensory receptor cell Chemosensory receptor cell nifext_18 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 Large field ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell large field Retina ganglion cell large field A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_19 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 Medium complex ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell medium complex Retina ganglion cell medium complex A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_20 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 Medium simple ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell medium simple Retina ganglion cell medium simple A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_21 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 Small complex ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell small complex Retina ganglion cell small complex A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_22 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Small simple ganglion cell Retina ganglion cell small simple Retina ganglion cell small simple A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_26 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 S-cone cell S-cone cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_27 2007-09-05 NIF February 12, 2010 M-cone cell M-cone neuron Retina cone M Retina photoreceptor cone M 129792 Retina photoreceptor cone M A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_28 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 L-cone cell L-cone cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_29 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 UV-cone cell UV-cone cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_30 2007-09-05 SenseLab 2007-09-05 Double cone cell Double cone cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_31 2007-09-05 NIF SenseLab April 15, 2009 Retina bipolar neuron Retinal Bipolar Neuron Retinal Bipolar cell Retina bipolar cell Retinal Bipolar cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_32 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 On cell Retina bipolar cell on Retina bipolar cell on A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_33 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 Off cell Retina bipolar cell off Retina bipolar cell off A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_34 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 Midget cell Retina bipolar cell midget Retina bipolar cell midget A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_35 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 Parasol cell Retina bipolar cell parasol Retina bipolar cell parasol A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_36 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 9, 2010 Amacrine Neuron Amacrine cell Retina amacrine cell The name amacrine cell was given by Cajal to cells that have no axon. He observed such cells not only in the retina but also in other parts of the brain. In the retina none of the amacrine cells appear to have have axons or axonlike processes, with the possible exception of the so to called association amacrine observed by Cajal (Ramon y Cajal, 1892, 1911) in the bird retina; this amacrine cell type may be a short to axon amacrine cell similar to the short to axon horizontal cell. Usually all the processes of a single anacrine cell look similar when viewed in Golgi to stained material by light microscopy. Amacrine cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_37 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 Starburst amacrine cell Retina amacrine cell starburst Retina amacrine cell starburst A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_38 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 Interplexiform amacrine cell Retina interplexiform cell Retina interplexiform cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_39 2007-09-05 NIF April 15, 2009 Displaced amacrine cell Retina amacrine cell displaced Retina amacrine cell displaced A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_40 2007-09-05 NIF SenseLab April 15, 2009 Horizontal cell (retina) retinal horizontal cell Retina horizontal cell Retina horizontal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_41 2007-09-05 SenseLab 2007-09-05 thalamic relay cell thalamocortical neuron Thalamocortical cell Thalamocortical cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_42 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 M cell Magnocellular cell Check to see whether these are relay cells or interneurons Magnocellular cell nifext_43 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 P cell Parvocellular cell Parvocellular cell nifext_44 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 K cell Koniocellular cell Koniocellular cell nifext_45 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Thalamic reticular neuron Thalamic reticular nucleus neuron thalamic reticular cell Thalamic reticular nucleus cell Thalamic reticular nucleus cell nifext_46 2007-09-05 April 12, 2010 Golgi lla cell Small interneuron thalamic small thalamic interneuron thalamic Golgi lla neuron Thalamus interneuron small Thalamus interneuron small A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System function. nifext_47 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Large interneuron thalamic Thalamus interneuron large Thalamus interneuron large A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_48 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Cortex (general) pyramidal neuron Cortical Pyramidal cell General cortex pyramidal cell General cortex pyramidal neuron Cortex (general) pyramidal cell 129805 Any pyramidal neuron whose cell some is located in the cerebral cortex or any of its parts Cortical Pyramidal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_49 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Layer 2-3 pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2-3 corticocortical cell superficial pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2-3 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_50 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Layer 5-6 pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5-6 deep pyramidal cell Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5-6 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_51 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Layer 5-6 polymorphic cell Neocortex polymorphic neuron layer 5-6 polymorphic cell Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 129937 Neocortex polymorphic cell layer 5-6 A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_52 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Stellate cell cortical cortical stellate cell layer 4 stellate cell Neocortex stellate cell This class should be made obsolete Neocortex stellate cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_53 2007-09-05 February 12, 2009 Cortical stellate cell Spiny stellate cell Spiny stellate neuron cortical spiny stellate cell cortical stellate neuron Neocortex layer 4 stellate cell Spiny stellate cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Visual System and others function. nifext_54 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 5, 2008 Aspiny cortical stellate cell Aspiny cortical stellate neuron Aspiny stellate cell Retina stellate cell aspiny Retina stellate cell aspiny nifext_55 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Martinotti cell Neocortex Martinotti cell Neocortex Martinotti cell nifext_56 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Basket cell (cortical) cortical basket cell cortical basket neuron Neocortex basket cell Neocortex basket cell nifext_57 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 5, 2008 Chandelier cell Chandelier neuron Cortical chandelier Cell Cortical chandelier cell chandelier neuron sao1267578530 Neocortex chandelier cell Type of cortical interneuron characterized by a bitufted appearance, with groups of dendrites extending from the upper and lower poles of an elongate cell body, but some cells have a more multipolar configuration. Neocortex chandelier cell nifext_58 2007-09-05 NIF 2007-09-05 Golgi II cell Golgi II cell nifext_59 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 Double bouquet cell Neocortex bouquet double cell Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). Neocortex bouquet double cell nifext_60 2007-09-05 NeuroMorpho.org April 15, 2009 Neurogliaform cell CA1 neurogliaform cell CA1 neurogliaform cell nifext_61 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao2046464388 2007-09-05 2007-09-05 This class has been retired. Hair cell true Hair cell nifext_62 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 2007-09-05 April 14, 2010 April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 Hair cell macula Macula hair cell Hair cell located in the macula of the utricle Macula hair cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. nifext_63 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 Hair cell Type 1 Hair cell type II Hair cell type I Hair cell type I A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. nifext_64 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 Inner Hair Cell Hair cell inner Hair cell inner A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_65 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_61 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 March 19, 2009 Outer Hair Cell Hair cell outer Hair cell outer A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_66 2007-09-05 April 2, 2009 Scarpa's ganglion cell Vestibular ganglioin neuron Vestibular ganglion cell Vestibular ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Vestibular System function. nifext_67 2007-09-05 December 5, 2008 8th nerve ganglion cell 8th nerve ganglion neuron Auditory ganglion cell Auditory ganglion neuron vestibular nerve ganglion cell Scarpa's ganglion cell (vestibular nerve) There is something wrong with this category; we are mixing up auditory and vestibular nerves. (Maryann Martone) 8th nerve ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_68 2007-09-05 October 6, 2009 Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar T cell T multipolar cell Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar T cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar T cell Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar T cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_69 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 D multipolar cell Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar D cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_70 sao1417703748 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 10, 2008 Globular Bushy Cell Globular Bushy Neuron Ventral cochlear nucleus globular bushy cell sao538050329 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell Moved as a suclass of 'Bushy Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_71 sao1417703748 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 10, 2008 Spherical Bushy Cell Ventral cochlear nucleus spherical bushy cell sao1482618768 Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell Moved as a suclass of 'Bushy Cell' instead of a subclass of 'Neuron'. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) spherical bushy cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_72 2007-09-05 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press April 15, 2009 October 6, 2009 Cochlear (ventral) nucleus octopus cell Octopus Cell Ventral cochlear nucleus octopus cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) octopus cell Added the definition and the defining citation. Large neuron located in the "octopus cell containing region" of the posteior division of the ventral cochlear nucleus with an oriented dendritic tree that is shaped like an octopus. The orientation is perpendicular to auditory nerve fibers. Cochlear (ventral) nucleus octopus cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_73 2007-09-05 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press October 6, 2009 Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus vertical cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus vertical cell Vertical Cell tuberculoventral cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell Type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies and dendrites are intermingled among the basal dendrtici trees of pyramidal cells. Their dendrites are smooth and are flattened in the plane of the isofrequency sheet so that in a coronal section, they appear to be oriented vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the layers. They are inhibitory and use glycine as a neurotransmitter. Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus vertical cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_74 2007-09-05 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. April 15, 2009 December 9, 2008 Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus fusiform cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus fusiform cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell DCN fusiform cell Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron Definition, defining citation and synonyms are added. Bipolar neuron found in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer. Pyramidal cells are characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the deep layer. The basal dendrites have few branches and receive inputs from the auditory nerve. The densely spiny apical dendrites are contacted by parallel fibers. Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus pyramidal neuron A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_75 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 Dorsal cochlear nucleus giant cell Giant cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) giant cell Giant cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_76 2007-09-05 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press April 15, 2009 December 10, 2008 Cartwheel cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus cartwheel cell Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell Added the difinition and the definning citation. Type of neuron found in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Their cell bodies lie in the pyramidal cell layer and their dendrites span the molecular layer and are densely covered with spines contacted by parallel fibers. They share many features with cerebellar Purkinje neurons. These cells stain for GABA and glycine markers and contact pyramidal, giant an dother cargwheel cells through glycinergic synapses. Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_77 2007-09-05 Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press December 10, 2008 October 6, 2009 Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus granule cell Dorsal cochlear nucleus granule cell Granule Cell DCN Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) granule cell Added the definition and the defining citation. Small cell found in the cochlear nucleus that resemble cerebellar granule cells and appear to be developmentally related to them. Their axons project to the molecular layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus where they form parallel fibers. check on granule morph type Cochlear (dorsal) nucleus granule cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_78 2007-09-05 SenseLab 2007-09-05 Trapezoid body principal neuron Trapezoid body principal cell Trapezoid body principal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_79 2007-09-05 April 15, 2009 December 11, 2008 Principal Cells Medial Nucleus Trapezoid Body Principal neuron of medial trapezoid body Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal neuron sao1918137235 Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell SAO_ID added. Properties derived from Gersdorff and Borst (2002). Trapezoid body medial nucleus principal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_80 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Trapezoid body intrinsic neuron Trapezoid body intrinsic cell Trapezoid body intrinsic cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_81 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Bipolar dendrite cell Neocortex bipolar cell Neocortex bipolar cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_82 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Colliculus inferior principal neuron Inferior colliculus principal neuron Inferior colliculus principle cell Colliculus inferior principal cell Colliculus inferior principal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_83 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Colliculus inferior intrinsic neuron Inferior colliculus intrinsic cell Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell Colliculus inferior intrinsic cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Auditory System function. nifext_84 2007-09-05 SenseLab March 19, 2009 DRG cell Dorsal root ganglion neuron Dorsal root ganglion cell Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. Dorsal root ganglion cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_85 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Hair follicle cell DRG hair follicle cell DRG hair follicle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_86 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Pacinian corpuscle cell DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell DRG Pacinian corpuscle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_87 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Merckel disc cell DRG Merckel disc cell DRG Merckel disc cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_88 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Meissner's corpuscle cell DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell DRG Meissner's corpuscle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_89 2007-09-05 SenseLab March 31, 2009 Pain cell DRG pain cell DRG pain cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_90 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Temperature cell DRG temperature cell Temperature cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_91 2007-09-05 SenseLab May 12, 2011 IA ganglion cell DRG IA cell 146554 DRG IA cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. nifext_92 2007-09-05 SenseLab May 12, 2011 IB ganglion cell DRG IB cell 146555 DRG IB cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. nifext_93 2007-09-05 SenseLab May 12, 2011 II ganglion cell DRG II cell 146556 DRG II cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Proprioception function. nifext_94 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 April 3, 2009 Gracilis Nucleus principle cell Gracilis nucleus principal cell Neurotransmitter reference: Broman, J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anatomy and Embryology 189(3): 181-214, 1994 Gracilis nucleus principal cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_95 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 April 3, 2009 Gracilis Nucleus intrinsic cell Gracilis nucleus intrinsic neuron Gracilis nucleus intrinsic cell Neurotransmitter reference: Broman, J. Neurotransmitters in subcortical somatosensory pathways. Anatomy and Embryology 189(3): 181-214, 1994 Gracilis Nucleus intrinsic cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_96 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Trigeminal nucleus principle neuron Trigeminal nucleus principle cell Trigeminal Nucleus principle cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_97 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic neuron Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell Trigeminal nucleus intrinsic cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Somatosensory System function. nifext_98 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Taste bud type 1 cell Taste bud type 1 cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Gustatory System function. nifext_99 2007-09-05 SenseLab April 15, 2009 Taste bud type 2 cell Taste bud type 2 cell A part of the region of the nervous system known to play a role in Gustatory System function. nlx_144252 March 20, 2012 Olfactory bulb (main) adult-born granule cell 172258 The olfactory bulb adult-born granule cell is a cohort of cell that comprise a large fraction of the vertibrate olfactory bulb granule cell layer. These neurons proliferate from from the subventricular zone, migrate through the rostral migratory stream and integrate into the olfactory bulb granule cell layer. Upon arriving in the olfactory bulb granule cell layer they migrate radially outward and mature with morphologies similar to neonate olfactory bulb granule cells. This process continues throughout the adult life of the vertibrate.[1] nlx_cell_090807 September 29, 2009 Maryann Martone Hippocampus CA1 stratum oriens interneuron nlx_cell_090901 August 31, 2009 Jane Bugea Tufted Astrocyte nlx_cell_091001 September 29, 2009 Shepherd, G. S. Synaptic organization of the brain Olfactory cortex large multipolar neuron Maryann Martone Olfactory cortex large multipolar cell A type of intrinsic neuron found in the deep part of layer III of th eolfactory cortex and the subjacent endopiriform nucleus. Several subpopulations of deep multipolar cells may be distinguished based on morphology and physiology. nlx_cell_091002 September 29, 2009 hepherd, G. S. Synaptic organization of the brain Olfactory cortex small globular cell A small stellate cell with globular somata found in all layers of the piriform cortex. nlx_cell_091003 17093119 8589792 DG MOPP October 1, 2009 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Sridevi Polavaram Dentate gyrus IS-III cell The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. nlx_cell_091004 17611285 October 1, 2009 Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 CA2 bistratified cell Sridevi P. Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell narrow A type of neuron found in hippocampal area CA2 characterized by radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The narrow CA2 bistratified cell dendrites and axons are more confined within the CA2 region. nlx_cell_091005 October 5, 2009 semilunar cell semilunar neuron Maryann Martone Olfactory cortex semilunar cell Projection neuron found in the superficial border of layer II of piriform cortex similar in characteristics to a pyramidal cell and also resembling the granule cell of the dentate gyrus. It has an apical but no basilar dendrites. They project to other cortical areas but, in contrast to pyramidal cells, they do not project back to the olfactory bulb. nlx_cell_091201 17093119 8915675 DG HIPP December 5, 2009 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Dentate gyrus HIPP cell The Dentate gyrus HIPP cell (HIlar Perforant Path-associated cell) is an interneuron in the Hippocampal formation. It is a long-spined multipolar cell that is conspicuous of distribution of copious, long and often branched spines over its cell body and dendrites. The axonal plexus can extend as much as 3.5mm along the septotemporal axis of the dentate gyrus. Since inhibitory interneurons typically have aspiny dendrites and relatively local axonal plexuses, this long spined multipolar/HIPP cell is a very atypical interneuron. nlx_cell_0912012 Trapezoid body neuron nlx_cell_091202 PG cell PGC December 15, 2009 Olfactory bulb periglomerular cell Periglomerular neuron Olfactory bulb main periglomerular cell Small intrinsic neuron found in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, surrounding the olfactory glomerulus. The cell body is 6-8 um in diameter, from which arises a short bushy dendrites that arborizes within a glomerulus to receive synaptic input from olfactory receptor cell axon terminals, and engage in dendrodendritic interactions with mitrl/tufted cell dendrites. Occasionally, bitufted PG cells that connect to two glomeruli are seen. The axon distributes laterally within the extraglomerular region, extending as far as five glomeruli away. Some PG cells appear to lack axons. Subtypes may be identified based on their biochemical constituents. (Shepherd, G. M. The synaptic organization of the brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2005) nlx_cell_091203 17093119 DG IS-I December 5, 2009 p58 and p184. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007; Freund & Buzsaki 1996 p374, PMID 8915675 DG Interneuron-specific cell Sridevi Polavaram Dentate gyrus IS-I cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate gyrus IS-I class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Calretinin (CR) and establish multiple symmetrical synapses on the dendrites and somata of other CR-positive IS-I cells, Calbindin (CB) containing interneurons, and VIP-positive basket cells, but they do not innervate PV-containing interneurons. The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS I neurons appear in all layers of Dentate gyrus and more characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they form long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. nlx_cell_091204 8915675 DG IS-II December 18, 2009 Page 58. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007; Freund & Buzsaki 1996 p374 p418, PMID 8915675 DG Interneruon-specific II cell Sridevi Polavaram Dentate gyrus IS-II cell The IS (Interneuron-Specific) subpopulation of interneurons have axons that exclusively innervate other interneurons. The Dentate Gyrus IS-II class interneurons are visualized by immunostaining for Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP). The dendrites of Dentate gyrus IS-II cells are present in all layers of Dentate gyrus. nlx_cell_091205 December 18, 2009 Not sure that this is what was meant by EC stellate II. May have to delete this class. Hippocampus CA1 basket cell nlx_cell_091206 15539390 CA1 O-LM December 15, 2009 p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 CA1 O-LM interneuron Hippocampus CA1 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron CA1 Oriens Lacunosum Moleculare (O-LM) cell is one kind of non-pyramidal cell types in the stratum oriens, stratum radiatum, and stratum lacunosum-moleculare of the hippocampus. These cells are mostly immunoreactive to GABAergic markers and hence considered interneurons. In CA1 O-LM cells the cell body is located in stratum oriens. The axons of O-LM cell leave the stratum oriens and rise directly to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare, ramifying there to form a dense plexus. These axons form symmetrical synapses with the distal apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons, because most of the excitatory input to the O-LM cells appears to arise from recurrent collaterals of the pyramidal cells, this class of interneuron inhibits activity in the distal dendrites of pyramidal cells in a disynaptic, feedback manner. nlx_cell_091207 PMID 17611285 December 15, 2009 Mercer et. al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 CA2 basket cell This cell lacks calbindin. We need to add a "lacks molecular constituent" property Hippocampus CA2 basket cell broad The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The broad basket cells have significantly broader dendritic width, and axonal arbors than that of other types of CA2 basket cells or of CA1 basket cells. nlx_cell_091208 17611285 December 15, 2009 Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 CA2 basket cell This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA2 basket cell narrow The CA2 basket cells are the largest group of interneurons in the CA2 region whose vertically oriented dendrites extend across all layers from stratum oriens into stratum lacunosum-moleculare and whose axons ramify extensively in stratum pyramidale. The narrow basket cells are narrow and both dendrites and axons are confined to the region of origin. nlx_cell_091209 17611285 December 15, 2009 Mercer et al. J. Neurosci 2007 PMID: 17611285 CA2 bistratified cell This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA2 bistratified cell broad The CA2 bistratified cells have radially oriented dendrites that resemble CA1 bistratified cells, but they extend through stratum oriens and stratum radiatum without entering stratum lacunosum-moleculare. The broad CA2 bistratified cells have dendrites that extend horizontally into all three CA subfields. nlx_cell_091210 CA3 IS I December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p373, PMID 8915675 CA3 Interneuron-specific I cell Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 IS-I cell CA3 Interneuron Specific (IS) cells constitute IS-I, IS-II and IS-III based on their connectivity and neurochemical characteristics. IS-I neurons are visualized for CR and occur in all subfields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The CA3 IS-I cells has soma located in strata radiatum, oriens and pyramidale. The dendritic tree arborizes extensively in stratum radiatum but may also invade other layers. The characteristic feature of these dendrites is that they from long dendrodendritic junctions with each other. The main axons ramify in stratum radiatum, where they emit several collaterals that course in all directions. nlx_cell_091211 8915675 CA3 IS II December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p374, PMID 8915675 CA3 interneuron-specific II cell Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 IS-II cell The CA3 IS-II cell type is visualized by immunostaining for VIP. IS-II neurons are characterized in hippocampus alone, where their somata are found in stratum radiatum. The dendritic tree consists of a tuft of smooth or sparsely spiny dendrites restricted to stratum lacunosum-moleculare, where they profusely arborize. The axon descends toward stratum pyramidale, thus forming weeping willowlike arbor. nlx_cell_091212 8915675 December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p355, PMID 8915675 CA3 chandelier cell Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 axo-axonic cell CA3 Chandelier cells of the hippocampus are very similar to those in the dentate gyrus. The cell bodies are located within or immediately adjacent to the pyramidal cell layer and possess radially oriented dendrites spanning all layers. According to the distribution of the dendritic tree, chandelier cells are in a position to receive excitatory input from all major sources of afferents in both the CA1 and CA3 subfields. nlx_cell_091213 December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p357, PMID 8915675 CA3 pyramidal basket cell Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 basket cell The CA3 basket cell is an interneuron located in hippocampus area CA3 characterized by a triangular or fusiform soma, with one to three dendrites extending from the cell soma. One of the three dendrites originate from the apical pole of soma, which then branch profusely, ascend through stratum radiatum, and often penetrate stratum lacunosum-moelculare. Primary basal dendrites are more numerous. They also branch close to soma and fan out toward the alveus, spanning the entire depth of stratum oriens. nlx_cell_091214 19496174 CA3 LM December 15, 2009 p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 CA3 LM interneurons Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 lacunosum moleculare neuron The CA3 Lacunosum Moleculare (LM) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum lacunosum-moleculare that receive converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. These LM neurons have dendrites that are oriented horizontally within the layer but occasionally have branches that extend into the pyramidal cell layer. The axon also takes a predominantly horizontal orientation and ramifies mainly in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare or superficial layer portion of the stratum radiatum. nlx_cell_091215 December 15, 2009 PMID 7889123, PMID 10051188 CA3 SO interneuron CA3 SO neuron Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 oriens interneuron The CA3 stratum oriens interneuron is a fast spiking interneuron in hippocampal area CA3 with a main dendrite arborization extending in the stratum oriens and a widespread axonal arborization in all strata (Kawaguchi et al., 1987). The vast majority of dendritic processes were confined to the same layers as the cell bodies (Kantona et al., 1999). nlx_cell_091216 PMID 8915675 OLM December 15, 2009 p70. Andersen et al. "The Hippocampus Book" 2007 OLM cell Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 oriens lacunosum moleculare neuron OLM cells (oriens/lacunosum-moleculare associated cell) has as its defining feature a dense axonal arbor that is confined to the stratum lacunosum-moleculare (also known as cells terminating in conjunction with entorhinal afferents). In principle the cell body and dendritic trees are located in the zones occupied by recurrent pyramidal cell collaterals. In CA3 this includes all strata except the stratum oriens. nlx_cell_091217 December 15, 2009 Ascoli et al. 2009 J. Comp. Neurol. PMID: 19496174 CA3 R interneuron Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 radiatum neuron The CA3 Radiatum (R) neurons are interneurons with somata in stratum radiatum which receives converging stimulation from the DG and entorhinal cortex as well as from within CA3. The dendritic tree of R interneurons typically extend between the dorsal blade of the dentate gyrus and the stratum pyramidale of CA3. The axonal branches often extend beyond their layer of somatic residence into stratum lacunosum-moleculare or stratum pyramidale. nlx_cell_091218 December 15, 2009 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p387, PMID 8915675 CA3 Spiny CR immunoreactive cell CA3 Spiny CR-positive interneurons Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the meantime, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA3 spiny CR cell The CA3 spiny CR cell is an interneuron in Hippocampus that is present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. nlx_cell_100201 February 12, 2010 Freund and Buzsaki Hippocampus 1996 (PMID 8915675) pyramidal basket cell Maryann Martone Dentate gyrus basket cell The characteristics provided for this cell class are based on the most abundant data in the field, which are from young adult rats. There could be species-specific, age-specific, and even gender-specific differences. For example, monkey and rat differ in cytoarchitectonic structure and quantitative cell morphology. nlx_cell_100202 Millhouse G. E., The intercalated cells of the amygdala. J. Comp. Neurol 247: 246-271, 1986. These neurons are notable among GABA cells for their lack of calbindin and parvalbumin and other typical constituents of GABA interneurons. I propose that we include a "lacks" property, as endorsed by OBO relations because I suspect that this will also be an important way we distinguish among classes. Amygdaloid nucleus paracapsular intercalated cell GABA containing interneuron that occur in densely packed clusters located in and around the border of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus and the external capsule. These cells are characterized by a small soma and a poorly developed short dendrite and their occurrence in tightly packed groups. Two distinct subtypes have been proposed by Marowsky et al (Neuron 48:1025, 2005) based on location and morphology. nlx_cell_100203 February 12, 2010 pyramidal basket cell pyramidal basket neuron Neocortex pyramidal basket cell nlx_cell_100204 February 12, 2010 Sik et al. 1997 PMID 9104599 This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Dentate gyrus trilaminar interneuron Neuron with soma in the hilar region of the dentate gyrus. The dendritic arbor orientation and axon collateral distribution of this neuron resembles most the trilaminar neuron 0f CA1 region. The axon collaterals extend logitudinally into strata radiatum, pyramidale and oriens, some axon collaterals reaching the subiculum and a main branch entering the fimbria. The dendrites of these neurons run parallel with the pyramidal cell layer. Another special feature is these cells are calbindin-positive immunoreactive neurons. nlx_cell_100205 February 12, 2010 V0 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0 nlx_cell_100206 February 12, 2010 V1 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V1 nlx_cell_100207 February 12, 2010 V2 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2 nlx_cell_100208 February 12, 2010 V3 interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V3 nlx_cell_100209 Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 CA1 IS-I cell Sridevi Polavaram This class is still under review and requires changes before making it final. In the mean time, the contents of this cell class might change as the Mason cell ontology group is modifying/verifying the properties. Hippocampus CA1 IS-I neuron The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) Type I cells is one of the many IS cell types from the CA1 region. The soma is located in stratum radiatum and pyramidale with dendrites spanning most layers and the axon innervating mainly calbindin positive and other calretinin positive cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of VIP by these cells is not known. nlx_cell_100210 February 12, 2010 Retina cone L Retina photoreceptor cone L nlx_cell_100211 February 12, 2010 Retina photoreceptor cone S nlx_cell_100212 February 12, 2010 April 14, 2010 rod rod cell rod photoreceptor Retina photoreceptor rod nlx_cell_100301 8589792 DG MOPP March 19, 2010 Page 15. Scharfman, Helen E. "The dentate gyrus : a comprehensive guide to structure function and clinical implications". Sridevi Polavaram Dentate gyrus MOPP cell The Dentate Gyrus MOPP cell (molecular layer perforant path-associated cell) is a interneuron in hippocampal formation. It is located deep in the DG molecular layer, has a multipolar or triangular cell body and gives rise to an axon that produces a substantial terminal plexus largely limited to the outer two thirds of the DG molecular layer. nlx_cell_100302 8915675 DG Spiny CR March 19, 2010 Freund & Buzsaki, 1996, p387 DG Spiny CR immunoreactive cell DG Spiny CR-positive interneurons Sridevi Polavaram Dentate gyrus spiny CR cell The DG spiny CR cells are present mostly in regions where mossy fibers have a high density, i.e., in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in stratum lucidum of CA3 subfield. The dendrites and somata frequently possess numerous long hair-like spines that penetrate into bundles of mossy fibers. nlx_cell_100310 3023456 March 17, 2010 Wouterlood FG, Sauren YM, Steinbusch HW., Histaminergic neurons in the rat brain: correlative immunocytochemistry, Golgi impregnation, and electron microscopy. Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol. 252, Pp. 227-244, 1986 Tubermammillary histaminergic neuron Tubermammillary nucleus large histamine neuron Large neuron in the tubermammillary nucleus that contains histamine and projects widely to the cerebral cortex characterized ultrastructurally by their large size, large spherical nucleus rarely indented, relatively large amounts of cytoplasm including well-developed perinuclearly organized golgi apparatus, numerous small mitochondria, clusters of small cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, the large emission cones of primary dendrites and by the partial wrapping by astroglia. nlx_cell_100311 3667970 March 17, 2010 Takasu N, Nakatani T, Arikuni T, Kimura H. Immunocytochemical localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the hypoglossal nucleus of the macaque monkey, Macaca fuscata: a light and electron microscopic study. Journal of Comparative Neurology, Vol.263, Pp. 42-53, 1987 hypoglossal motoneuron hypoglossal motor neuron hypoglossal nucleus motoneuron Hypoglossal nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose soma lies in the hypoglossal nucleus nlx_cell_1005001 May 11, 2010 Morest, D. K. (1964) The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body of the cat. J. Anat., Lond., 98, 611 Medial geniculate body ventral tufted neuron Principle neuron in ventral division of medial geniculate nucleu characterized by strongly tufted dendrites, with overall discoid dendritic fields extending dors-ventrally and antero-posteriorly on average of 200 um. Neurons are arranged in parallel laminae, seen in transverse or horizontal sections of the pars lateralis. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=8 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1261345/?page=8 nlx_cell_1005002 May 11, 2010 Gigantocellular nucleus giant neuron nlx_cell_1005003 May 11, 2010 Huang CL, Larue DT, Winer JA. GABAergic organization of the cat medial geniculate body. J Comp Neurol. 1999 Dec 20;415(3):368-92 medial geniculate Golgi IIa cell medial geniculate small interneuron Thalamus medial geniculate nucleus interneuron small Type of small thalamic interneuron nlx_cell_1005004 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus May 28, 2010 BAMSC991 common spiny cell BNST common spiny neuron nlx_cell_1005005 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus May 11, 2011 BAMSC995 BNST beaded cell BNST beaded neuron 146506 Neuron located within the core of the nucleus (BSTov) that is termed a beaded neuron (BN) because of its rounded soma and numerous spherules along both dendrites and axon (Fig. 11). The soma measures from 12 to 17 micrometers in its widest axis and is nearly spherical, having a rather smooth profile. The soma issues two or three short primary dendrites, which usually run horizontally. After a short distance (10 to 40 micrometers), these proximal branches give rise to sets of two to five long, secondary dendrites. The occurrence of third to order dendrites is variable, as is their length (20 to 150 micrometers). A defining characteristic of BN dendrites is the presence of distinct varicosities that are virtually devoid of dendritic spines. The BN axon and its collaterals also exhibit a series of small spherules (0.3-0.5 um) united by thin axonal bridges (Lariva-Sahd, 2006, as reported in http://brancusi.usc.edu/bkms). nlx_cell_1005006 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus May 11, 2011 BAMSC988 bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket cell bed nucleus of stria terminalis basket neuron BNST basket neuron 146505 nlx_cell_1006001 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus June 1, 2010 BAMSC992 dense axon plexus forming cell dense axon plexus forming neuron BNST spiny neuron with chandelier-like axon nlx_cell_1006002 Bed nuclei of the stria terminalis oval nucleus June 1, 2010 BAMSC990 superficial spiny cell BNST superficial spiny neuron nlx_cell_1006003 June 1, 2010 BAMSC993 beaded cell BNSTdense axon plexus-forming neuron Among the short to axon neurons, the neurogliaform (NG) and spinous neurogliaform (SNG) types have an extremely dense plexus, and both fall into the DAPF category (Jones, 1984). Both cell types are found in the upper half of the core of the Ov. nlx_cell_1006004 June 1, 2010 Laine and Axelrad BAMSC981 candelabrum cell candelabrum neuron Cerebellum candelabrum cell 130006 Neuron with perikaryon located inside the Purkinje cell layer. It is squeezed, either between the bulging parts of the PC somata or in the space left free between their upper poles, just at the level of the lower border of the molecular layer. nlx_cell_1006006 June 3, 2010 Winer et al, 1996 Colliculus Inferior GABAergic Principal Cell nlx_cell_1006008 June 1, 2010 Fuentealba P et al., 2008 CA1 ivy cell ivy cell Hippocampus CA1 ivy neuron Ivy cells are highly abundant GABAergic interneurons when compared to basket, bistratified, or axo-axonic cells. "Ivy" cells are named after their dense and fine axons innervating mostly basal and oblique pyramidal cell dendrites. They express nitric oxide synthase, neuropeptide Y, and high levels of GABAa receptor aplha1 subunit and they are also identified as slow-spiking interneurons that regulate the excitability of pyramidal cell dendrites through slowly rising and decaying GABAergic inputs. nlx_cell_1006009 June 1, 2010 Takasu et al. J Comp Neurol. 1987 Sep 1;263(1):42-53. hypoglossal GABA neuron Hypoglossal nucleus GABA neuron Neuron in hypoglossal nucleus characterized by a small spindle shaped or fusiform soma nlx_cell_1006010 Island of Calleja granule cell Island of Calleja granule neuron Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja granule neuron Neuron located in the granule cell clusters in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a small soma with one to two small sparsely spiny varicose dendrites. The axon has not been observed to exit the clusters in Golgi preparations. Ultrastructurally, it is characterized by scant cytoplasm and a round nucleus (Meyer et al., 1989) nlx_cell_1006011 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1014 rod bipolar cell Retina rod bipolar cell Retina bipolar cell characterized by dendritic trees that are more bushy with finer dendrites that penetrate further into the outer nuclear layer where they innervate rod spherules than cone bipolar cells. The somata of RBs are larger and are located in the outer half of the INL close to the OPL; their axons run through the OPL and end in large lobulated terminals at the border of the IPL and ganglion cell layer (Euler and Wassle, 1995). nlx_cell_1006012 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1015 type 1 cone bipolar cell Retina type 1 cone bipolar cell Type 1 CB (n = 6, Fig. 1B) is an outer cone bipolar cell with a flat stratification in stratum 1 of the IPL and only one ascending primary dendrite that ramifies sparsely. nlx_cell_1006013 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1016 type 2 cone bipolar cell Retina type 2 cone bipolar cell Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB) dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ... the axon terminal system of type 2 looks a bit disordered. nlx_cell_1006014 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1017 type 3 cone bipolar cell Retina type 3 cone bipolar cell Type 2 and type 3 CBs have similar (with type 1 CB) dendritic tree shapes but show diffuse stratification at different levels of the outer half of the IPL, that is in strata 1 to 2 and 2, respectively. ...the axon terminal of type 3 shows a and quot;well to arranged and quot; treelike branching pattern. nlx_cell_1006015 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1018 type 4 cone bipolar cell Retina type 4 cone bipolar cell Type 4 (n = 4, Fig. 1E) is a diffuse CB stratifying in both strata 1 and 2. nlx_cell_1006016 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1019 type 5 cone bipolar cell Retina type 5 cone bipolar cell Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band. nlx_cell_1006017 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1020 type 6 cone bipolar cell Retina type 6 cone bipolar cell Type 5 and type 6, both have a very narrow ramification. By using Normaski optics, the two cell types can be distinguished by their stratification level within the IPL relative to a band of higher optical density, which is localized at the border of strata 3 and 4 and represents the inner cholinergic band. nlx_cell_1006018 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1021 type 7 cone bipolar cell Retina type 7 cone bipolar cell Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types (type 7 and type 8) have slender cell bodies. nlx_cell_1006019 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1022 type 8 cone bipolar cell Retina type 8 cone bipolar cell [[Definition::Type 7 and type 8 are diffuse CBs with their axonal terminal systems in the inner part of the IPL. Type 7 stratifies in strata 3 and 4....Both cell types [type 7 and type 8] have slender cell bodies]] nlx_cell_1006020 June 1, 2010 Euler T, Wassle H, 1995 BAMSC1023 type 9 cone bipolar cell Retina type 9 cone bipolar cell Type 9 CB has a very sparse but large axonal terminal system in the inner IPL (mainly stratum 5), with occasional processes penetrating into the GCL. The dendritic tree is also sparsely branched but covers a wide range of the OPL. nlx_cell_1006021 June 1, 2010 Zagaraiou et al., Neuron 64: 645, 2009 V0c interneuron spinal cord V0c interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0C Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and use acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter nlx_cell_1006022 June 3, 2010 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2b Type of V2 spinal cord ventral horn interneuron chacterized by GATA2/3 nlx_cell_1006023 June 3, 2010 Langer and Lund 1974 BAMSC1117 piriform cell piriform neuron Superior colliculus piriform cell The piriform cells have ovoid or cup shaped cell bodies, 10 to 15 micrometers in diameter, located within a narrow lamina along the deep margin of the zone of horizontal cells. The restriction of the piriform cell somata to the boundary between the zone of horizontal cells and the zone of vertical cells is remarkably accurate and consistent. The piriform cells give rise to 2 to 5 dendrites from the superficial surface, which course through the zone of horizontal cells to terminate just beneath the surface. As the ascending dendrites approach the surface they branch more frequently, almost always by equipartition, to form a complicated intermingling bouquet of slowly tapering dendrites, 150 to 350 micrometers in width and slightly less than 200 micrometers in depth. The axon most frequently takes its origin from the base of the soma, but sometimes it arises from one of the low order dendrites. From its origin the axon runs immediately down through the zone of vertical cells, occasionally with collaterals which may arborize within the superficial laminae. The axon is thin and smooth, occasionally with en passant varicosities. nlx_cell_1006024 June 3, 2010 Huxlin and Goodchild BAMSC1009 Retina ganglion cell A Large to bodied/large to field RGCs in the rat...Group RGA cells...have large somata (15 to 39 micrometers in diameter) and large, radially branching dendritic fields (235 to 748 micrometers in diameter), and many exhibit tracer coupling nlx_cell_1006025 Huxlin and Goodchild 1997 BAMSC1073 retinal ganglion cell C2 Retinal ganglion cell C2 RGC2 gave a morphology similar to the delta ganglion cells of Peichl (1989). They have a small to medium to sized somata from which fine axons emerge. Two to four primary dendrites branch close to the soma. These and subsequent branches twist and turn, unlike the radiating dendrites of the Group RGA neurons. The soma is usually central to the dendritic field. The dendritic fileds are smalled than those Group RGA cells at the same eccentricities, and they show little variation in size as a function of eccentricity (Fig. 12). RGC2 neurons did not exhibit tracer coupling, but many have numerous and prominent dendritic spines. The RGC2 cells had a similar morphology to RGC1 cells but with curvier dendrites and a denser dendritic field (Fig. 6B). nlx_cell_1006026 June 3, 2010 Geerling et a 2006 BAMSC1112 HSD2 cell HSD2 neuron Solitary tract nucleus HSD2 neuron A subgroup of neurons in NTS that express glucocorticoid to inactivating enzyme 11 to beta to hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (HSD2), a signature of aldosterone to sensitive tissues. Similar neurons are found in other brain regions. The NTS population may represent a unique phenotype. nlx_cell_1006027 June 3, 2010 Langer and Lund 1974 BAMSC1129 stellate neuron Superior colliculus stellate neuron The third major category of cells in the superior colliculus is the stellate cell. The cells are defined by the lack of overall orientation to the dendritic fields which extend symmetrically from the cell body. Stellate cells are multipolar with dendrites arising from any portion of the cell body. The dendrites may range anywhere from gnarled to radiate with the gnarled spiny cells most frequent in the zone of horizontal cells and the smooth radiate cells increasingly more frequent in the deeper zones until they are almost the only cell type in the zones below the stratum opticum. The dimensions of the cell bodies and dendritic fields are comparable to those of other cells in the same zone and the dendritic field is generally contained within the same zone as the cell body. The axons of stellate cells have both local and/or distant distributions and a morphology characteristic of intrinsic axons. As with all the other cell types, the axon may take its origin from the cell body or a low order dendrite. nlx_cell_1006028 Langer and Lund 1974 BAMSC1125 wide field vertical cell Superior colliculus wide field vertical cell There are two similar populations in the group of wide field vertical cells. The first lies in the deep margin of the zone of vertical cells where it looks very similar to the piriform cells relative to the zone of horizontal cells. Cajal called these the ovoid or triangular cells. The second population has its cell bodies distributed primarily to the upper portion of the zone of optic fibers. Cajal called these triangular or stellate cells. Cajal's nomenclature is rather bulky and, though descriptive, somewhat confusing because stellate cells are a distinct cell type in the nomenclature of this paper and triangular occurs in both names. For reasons developed below, the ovoid or triangular cells or wide field cells of the zone of vertical cells will be called Type II ganglion cells and the triangular or stellate cells or wide field cells of the zone of optic fibers will be called Type III ganglion cells. Type I ganglion cells are the piriform cells. Collator note: we assumed this class of neurons as projection neurons, because at least several subpopulations project to visually related areas. See Sefton et al., 2005; Mason and Groos, 1981; Mackay to Sim et al. 1983; Okoyama and Kudo, 1987). nlx_cell_1006029 June 8, 2010 Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 CA1 IS-II cell Hippocampus CA1 IS-II neuron The CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type II cell is VIP+. The soma was reported mainly in stratum radiatum and the border with lacunosum-moleculare, and the dendrites are mostly in stratum lacunosum-moleculare (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The axon innervates mainly CCK/VIP positive basket cells (Acsady et al. 1996b; Gulyas et al. 1996). The possible expression of calretinin by these cells is not known. nlx_cell_1006030 June 8, 2010 Somogyi P & Klausberger T, 2005 CA1 IS-III cell Hippocampus CA1 IS-III neuron CA1 Interneuron Specific (IS) type III cells are VIP+, calretinin+ and terminals mGluR7a+. The soma is located mainly in stratum pyramidale and radiatum with radial dendrites crossing most layers (Acsady et al. 1996a,b). The axon innervates mainly O-LM cells (Acsady et al. 1996a; Ferraguti et al. 2004) and terminals express high level of mGluR7a in the presynaptic active zone (Somogyi et al. 2003). nlx_cell_1006031 NG June 8, 2010 Price CJ et al., 2005 CA1 NG cells NG cells Hippocampus CA1 neurogliaform neuron CA1 neurogliaform neuron is a GABAergic interneuron, these cells are positive for NPY and co-express the actin-binding protein alpha-actinin-2. They are not positive for PV and VIP. Characteristically these neurons has a round cell body and short, non-spiny dendrites that were arranged in a stellate patterns around the cell body, spatially localized to the SLM, and often enter the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The axons are branched profusely close to soma occupying greater area than dendrites, like dendrites axons also tend to occupy mainly the SLM, often traveling fairly long distances along the SLM axis and mostly even entering the neighboring molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. nlx_cell_1006032 June 8, 2010 Somogyi & Klausberger, 2005 (15539390); Klausberger T & Somogyi P, 2008 (18599766);Spruston, 2008 (18270515) CA1 trilaminar cell Hippocampus CA1 trilaminar neuron The CA1 trilaminar neuron is a neuron that is characterized by its axon densely innervating three layers stratum oriens, pyramidale and radiatum (Sik et al. 1995) projecting to subiculum and possibly to other regions, while the soma and long horizontal dendrites are in stratum oriens with strong immunoreactivity for the m2 receptor in the somato-dendritic domain and intense presynaptic mGluR8a decoration. It must also be noted that the same name has been used for various other cells with axon in at least three laminae (Hajos & Mody, 1997; Pawelzik et al. 2002). However, for this particular cell class the axons project to subiculum and possibly to other brain areas as well. nlx_cell_1006033 June 9, 2010 Zagaraiou et al., Neuron 64: 645, 2009 V0G interneuron spinal cord V0G interneuron Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V0G Spinal cord ventral horn V0 interneuron that expresses Pitx2 and vGlut2 nlx_cell_1006034 Spinal cord ventral horn interneuron V2a nlx_cell_1008001 August 26, 2010 4th nerve motor neuron IVth nerve motor neuron trochlear nucleus motor cell Trochlear nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the trochlear nucleus. nlx_cell_1008002 August 26, 2010 5th nerve motor neuron Vth nerve motor neuron trigeminal nucleus motor cell Trigeminal nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the trigeminal nucleus. nlx_cell_1008003 6th nerve motor neuron VIth nerve motor neuron abducens nucleus motor cell Abducens nucleus motor neuron 129903 Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the abducens nucleus. nlx_cell_1008004 August 26, 2010 7th nerve motor neuron VIIth nerve motor neuron facial nucleus motor cell Facial nucleus motor neuron 129909 Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the facial nucleus. nlx_cell_1008005 7th nerve motor neuron VIIth nerve motor neuron Vestibulocochlear nucleus motor cell Vestibulocochlear nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Vestibulocochlear nucleus. nlx_cell_1008006 August 26, 2010 9th nerve motor neuron Glossopharyngeal nucleus motor cell IXth nerve motor neuron Glossopharyngeal nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Glossopharyngea nucleus. nlx_cell_1008007 August 26, 2010 19th nerve motor neuron Xth nerve motor neuron pneumogastric nerve vagus nucleus motor cell Vagus nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Vagus nucleus. nlx_cell_1008008 August 26, 2010 11th nerve motor neuron XIth nerve motor neuron acessory nucleus motor cell spinal accessory nerve Acessory nucleus motor neuron Motor neuron whose cell soma lies within the Acessory nucleus. nlx_cell_100811 August 23, 2010 Maryann Martone Neostriatum substance P medium spiny neuron 105975 Neostriatum medium spiny neuron that contains substance P and projects to the globus pallidus internal segment and the substantia nigra pars reticulata nlx_cell_100812 August 23, 2010 Maryann Martone Neostriatum enkephalin medium spiny neuron 105966 Neostriatum medium spiny neuron that contains enkephalin and projects to the external segment of the globus pallidus nlx_cell_101206 Oculomotor nucleus nerve cell nlx_cell_101207 December 12, 2010 Spinal cord motor neuron parasympathetic nlx_cell_101209 December 12, 2010 Brainstem motor neuron nlx_cell_101233 December 12, 2010 Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus motor neuron nlx_cell_1105001 May 12, 2011 BAMSC989 triangular cell BNST triangular neuron 146510 nlx_cell_20081201 December 10, 2008 Smith, P. H. and Rhode, W. S. (1987) Characterization of HRP-labeled globular bushy cells in the cat anteroventral cochlear nucleus. J. Comp. Neurol., 266: 360-375 and Shepherd (2004) The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, 5th ed, New York: Oxford University Press. April 15, 2009 Bushy cell Bushy neuron Cochlear nucleus ventral bushy cell Ventral cochlear nucleus bushy cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell Type of neuron in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus characterized by two to four primary dendrites which branch profusely, giving the cell a "bushy" appearance. The cell somas of these neurons have been described as "spherical" in the anterior division of the AVDC and "globular" in the posterior division of the AVDC. The principle inputs are from the auditory ganglio cells via the end bulbs of Held. Cochlear nucleus (ventral) bushy cell nlx_cell_20081202 December 10, 2008 October 6, 2009 Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar cell Multipolar cell of VCN Ventral cochlear nucleus multipolar cell Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma. Two subclasses are recognzed based on their alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma. Cochlear (ventral) nucleus multipolar cell nlx_cell_20081203 December 11, 2008 Relay cell Thalamic relay neuron Thalamus relay cell It looks like there are multiple ways to classify thalamic relay cells: morphology, projections and physiology. Needs careful review by experts. I favor morphology. (M. Martone, October 25, 2008) Thalamic relay cell nlx_cell_20081204 December 11, 2008 April 15, 2009 Hippocampal CA2 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal cell Hippocampal pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in hippocampal cytoarchitectural field CA2. Hippocampus CA2 pyramidal cell nlx_cell_20081205 December 11, 2008 CA2 pyramidal neuron CA2 pyramidal neuron nlx_cell_20081206 December 11, 2008 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/Backend/BIRNLex_annotation_properties.owl#Maryann_Martone Meyer, G. et al. (1999) What is a Cajal-Retzius cell? A reassessment of a classical cell type based on recent observations in the developing neocortex. Cerebral Cortex 9 (8), pp 765-775. April 15, 2009 Cajal-Retzius Cell Neocortex Cajal-Retzius neuron Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell Neurons of the human embryonic marginal zone which display, as a salient feature, radial ascending processes that contact the pial surface, and a horizontal axon plexus located in the deep marginal zone. These cells were first described by Retzius (Retzius, 1893Go, 1894Go) (see the cell labelled ‘Retzius, 1893' in Fig. 1Go). There is consensus that homologous elements are present in the non-primate neocortex, where their morphology is much simpler, as initially described in 1891 by Cajal (Fig. 2Go) (Cajal, 1891Go). The definition of these cells has remained somewhat confusing, in part because Cajal and Retzius studied different species and different developmental stages, and also because their original publications have not been generally available. Meyer et al (1999)prefer to define ‘Cajal–Retzius cells' loosely, as the family of Reln-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the marginal zone, and reserve the term of pioneer neurons for the early, Reln-negative preplate derivatives that settle in the MZ and project to sub-cortical levels. Adapted from Meyer et al. (1999) Neocortex Cajal-Retzius cell nlx_cell_20081207 OEC December 12, 2008 Definition needs work. Type of glial cell found in the peripheral olfactory nerve with properties of both astrocytes and Schwann cells. Olfactory ensheathing cell Olfactory ensheathing cell nlx_cell_20090201 February 12, 2009 Fibroblast A large, flat, oval cell found in connective tissue and responsible for the formation of fibers. Fibroblast nlx_cell_20090202 February 12, 2009 April 15, 2009 Locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuron Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine Locus coeruleus NA neuron Locus coeruleus NA neuron nlx_cell_20090203 February 12, 2009 Baloyannis, S. J., Costa, V., Psaroulis, V., Arzoglou, L. Papsotiriou (1994) The nucleus basalis of Meynert of the human brain: a Golgi and electron microscope study, Int J Neurosci., 78: 33-41 April 15, 2009 Cholinergic nucleus basalis cell Cholinergic nucleus basalis neuron Nucleus basalis polyhedral neuron Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron Large multipolar neuron (also described as polyhedral) found in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the basal forebrain that uses acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter. Most of the dendrites are very long giving a thick network of secondary and tertiary dendritic branches in a radial three dimensional arrangement in the neuropil space. The secondary and tertiary dendritic branches are studded with long fusiform or triangular spines. Basalis nucleus cholinergic neuron nlx_cell_20090301 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_148 March 31, 2009 August 11, 2009 Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal neuron This class has been retired Substantia nigra pars reticulata principal cell true nlx_cell_200903010 March 15, 2009 Weedman, D. L., Pongstapron, T., Ryugo, D. K. (1996) Ultrastructural study of the granule cell domain of the cochlear nucleus in rats: mossy fiber endings and their targets. J. Comp. Neurol., 369: 345-60 PMID: 8743417 April 12, 2010 Chestnut cell Chestnut neuron Neurocortex chestnut cell Type of intrinsic neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cochlear nucleus, characterized by a small (~10 um) cell body and 1-2 stubby dendrites emerging from one side of the soma, ending in a terminal tuft. Finger-like projections emerge from both the dendritic tuft and the soma. The cell gets its name from the irregular surface of the cell soma, characterized by numerous scallops, blebs and other protrusions, giving it the appearance of a chestnut. At the ultrastructural level, the cell body and proximal dendrites are rich in Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes with a large, centrally located pale nucleus with a smooth nuclear membrane. Although it resembles the unipolar brush cell in some respects, it is differentiated by the gradual tapering of the primary dendrites in the transition from the cell soma and the fact that every protuberance of the dendrite is "prominantly synaptic" according to Weedman et al. (1996). It is a target of mossy fiber synapses. Neurocortex chestnut cell nlx_cell_20090302 March 31, 2009 SNpr interneuron Substantia nigra pars reticulata interneuron nlx_cell_20090304 MC (AOB) August 11, 2009 Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5 New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. April 12, 2010 Mitral cell of the accessory olfactory bulb Olfactory bulb accessory mitral cell accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell Output neuron of the accessory olfactory bulb. (GMS 8-10-9) Olfactory bulb (accessory) mitral cell Principal neuron of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. Resembles the mitral cell of the main olfactory bulb, though somewhat smaller and less clearly differentiated. The cell bodies are arranged in a thin layer between the granule cell layer and the external plexiform layer. Each mitral cell is characterized by one (or several) primary dendrite that traverses the external plexiform layer and terminates within an olfactory glomerulus in a tuft of branches where it receives input from the axons of sensory cells of the vomeronasal organ. The axon projects mainly to the cortical-medial nuclei of the amygdala. Accessory olfactory bulb mitral cell nlx_cell_20090305 April 2, 2009 Ventral tegmental area DA cell Ventral tegmental area dopamine neuron nlx_cell_20090306 March 31, 2009 Striatal matrix medium spiny neuron Striatum matrix medium spiny cell Striatal medium spiny cell that is located in the striatal matrix compartment. nlx_cell_20090307 March 31, 2009 Caudate nucleus matrix medium spiny cell Striatal matrix spiny neuron that is located in the matrix compartment of the caudate nucleus. nlx_cell_20090308 March 31, 2009 Putamen matrix medium spiny cell Striatum matrix medium spiny cell located in the matrix compartment of the putamen. nlx_cell_20090309 March 31, 2009 Striatum patch medium spiny cell nlx_cell_20090310 March 31, 2009 May 6, 2010 Entorhinal cortex pyramidal cell provides the major input into the dentate gyrus in a unidirectional perforant path nlx_cell_20090311 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nlx_cell_20081204 March 15, 2009 April 15, 2009 CA2 pyramidal neuron This class has been retired CA2 pyramidal cell true nlx_cell_20090312 DSI March 15, 2009 Getting 1977 Tri0001043 April 15, 2009 Cerebral Serotonergic Poster Neuron Dorsal leech swim interneuron Dorsal swim interneuron Leech swim (dorsal) interneuron One of three serotonergic neurons on the dorsal surface of the Tritonia cerebral ganglion. Projects an axon contralaterally to the pedal ganglion. Fire stereotypical bursts of action potentials during a swim motor pattern. Leech swim (dorsal) interneuron nlx_cell_20090313 MCC March 25, 2009 April 15, 2009 Giant Serotonergic Neuron Metacerebral cell Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell Largest Serotonergic Neuron in the anterior portion of the cerebral ganglion of Aplysia. This neuron has axons that project to the buccal ganglion. Aplysia cerebral ganglion metacerebral cell nlx_cell_20090401 GC (AOB) April 3, 2009 Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell Accessory olfactory bulb granule neuron Olfactory bulb accessory granule cell Olfactory bulb accessory granule neuron Maryann Martone Functinonally, known to have the role of self and lateral inhibition of mitral/tufted cells. (Gordon M Sephard, 8-10-09) Olfactory bulb (accessory) granule cell The main intrinsic neuron in the accessory olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. It resembles the granule cell in the main olfactory bulb, including the lack of an axon. Each cell gives rise to short central dendrites and a single long apical dendrite that traverses the granule cell layer, pierces the mitral cell body layer, and branches and terminates within the external plexiform layer among the lateral dendrites of mitral and tufted cells. The dendrites receive synaptic input from mitral and tufted cell dendrites, and have synaptic outputs to those dendrites through reciprocal dendrodendritic synapses. Shepherd, Chen, Greer. Olfactory Bulb. In The Synaptic Organization of the Brain, ed 5. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Accessory olfactory bulb granule cell nlx_cell_20090402 April 2, 2009 Hayakawa, T and Zyo, K. Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and axosomatic synapses. Anatomy and Embryology 177: 485-493, 1988. Dorsal tegmental nucleus small neuron Maryann Martone Dorsal tegmental nucleus small cell Small neuron located in the pars dorsalis of the dorsal tegmental nucleus characterized by a spindle or oval shaped neuronal somata, an irregularly-shaped deeply indented nucleus with a prominent nucleolus surrounded by a small rim of cytoplasm containing mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus (not well developed) and rough endoplasmic reticulum. These cells stain lightly in Nissl preparations. No somatic spines are observed on the cell soma. nlx_cell_20090403 April 2, 2009 Hayakawa, T and Zyo, K. Fine structural survey of Gudden's tegmental nuclei in the rat: cytology and axosomatic synapses. Anatomy and Embryology 177: 485-493, 1988. Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium neuron Maryann Martone Dorsal tegmental nucleus medium cell Medium sized neuron located in the dorsal tegmental nucleus pars ventralis characterized by an oval, oblong or round shaped cell soma, an irregularly shaped oblong nucleus with one or rarely two nucleoli and an indented nuclear envelope. The somatic surface is smooth with no smatic spines. any organelles are present in the cytoplasm, including well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum forming Nissl bodies. nlx_cell_20090501 May 19, 2009 April 9, 2010 Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cell Hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory neuron Magnocellular secretory neuron motor neuroendocrine magnocellular neuron Maryann Martone Magnocellular neurosecretory cell nlx_cell_20090502 May 19, 2009 Maryann Martone Oxytocin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell nlx_cell_20090503 May 19, 2009 Maryann Martone Vasopressin producing magnocellular neurosecretory cell nlx_cell_20090727 July 14, 2009 W. Muller and U. Misgeld, Inhibitory Role of Dentate Hilus Neurons in Guinea Pig Hippocampal Slice, JOURNALOF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, Vol. 64, July 1990 http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/64/1/46.pdf February 12, 2009 Hilar cell Dentate gyrus hilar cell sao-1220620412 sao-1220620412 Eric Bushong We need to create an object property that allows us to assign taxonomy information to classes that are only seen in certain taxa Interlaminar Astrocyte Glial cell type unique to primates which extend long processes throughout cortical lamina forming pallisades. Interlaminar Astrocyte sao-1865064409 graph position temporary sao-1865064409 There is some discussion about whether all marginal glia are astrocytes. Marginal Astrocyte Astrocytes lying close to the pia mater that may form several layers of endfeet. They also extend several smooth long processes into the neuropil. They are located on the borders between neuronal and non-neuronal tissue Marginal Astrocyte sao-243744138 sao-243744138 Need to associate this with avians Pectin Glial Cell Pecten_Glial_Cell A specialized glial cell in the pectin oculi of avians, located at the interface between the optic nerve head and the vitreous body. These cells produce pectin. Pectin Glial Cell sao-32901633 core:definition incomplete sao-32901633 Type I II Oligodendrocyte Type I/II Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 500 cubic microns and is associated with small diameter axons Type I II Oligodendrocyte sao-408886955 graph position temporary sao-408886955 2007-01-13 NG2 positive glial cell characterized by a stellate appearance and a large process arborization. They have a centrally placed cell body from which extend numerous primary processes that pass radially and bifurcate three or more times to form a process field of approximately 100 nanometers in diameter ((Butt et al., 2004; PMID: 16367797). According to some, synantocytes are equivalent to NG2 cells. According to others, they are the predominant NG2 cell found in the post-natal animal, but are distinct from bipolar progenitory cells. Synantocyte NG2 cell characterized by a differentiated, stellate appearance that lack expression of most differentiated glial cell-type specific markers. Synantocyte sao-423426544 sao-423426544 There is a visual pigment cell in the cell type ontology but we are not sure if this is the same cell Pigment Epithelial Cell Located in the sub-retinal space, these cells form the sub-retinal blood-brain barrier and contain light-absorbing melanin pigment granules Pigment Epithelial Cell sao1004082033 CL:0000645 uncurated sao1004082033 C0229545 Pituicyte Pituicyte sao1011026882 uncurated sao1011026882 ventricular myocyte Ventricular Cardiac Muscle Cell Cardiac muscle cell comprising the ventricles Ventricular Cardiac Muscle Cell sao1103104164 CL:0000573 uncurated sao1103104164 C0206428 UMLS Cone cell cone retinal core Retinal Cone Cell 129787 One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the vertebrate retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision. (MSH) Retinal Cone Cell sao1123695773 uncurated sao1123695773 April 15, 2009 Layer 3 Pyramidal Neuron Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 3 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 3 Pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in layer 3 of neocortex. Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 3 sao1149261773 CL:0000643 uncurated sao1149261773 C0926518 Stretch cells Tanycyte Specialized elongated ventricular ependymal cell that has processes that extend to the outer, or pial, surface of the CNS. Resemble spongioblasts seen in developing brain. Found in the adult brain in the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, spinal canal and floor of the fourth ventricle. Tanycyte sao1154704263 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1460710779 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_105 sao1154704263 Wikipedia lower motor neuron This class has been retired. Alpha Motor Neuron true large lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction. Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles. Alpha Motor Neuron sao1213292244 uncurated sao1213292244 OPC Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell sao1224657022 CL:0000710 uncurated sao1224657022 December 4, 2008 Neuroepithelial cell Nervous System Cell Previous name of this category was "nerve cell". Needed to change the name of this category to "nervous system cell" rather than "nerve cell" as many use the latter term synonymously with "neuron". - Memartone Oligodendrocyte Pyramidal cell Sensory neuron Nervous System Cell sao1233810115 CL:0000210 uncurated sao1233810115 April 15, 2009 Photoreceptor Cell Retina photoreceptor cell A cell specialized to detect and transduce light (MESH). Retina photoreceptor cell sao1236796660 BF_T0000036 uncurated sao1236796660 April 15, 2009 Cortical Spiny Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate spiny cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (While and Rock, 1980). Neocortex stellate spiny cell sao1239389 graph position temporary sao1239389 Perivascular Astrocyte Astrocytes that are virtually devoid of neuron contacting processes that form extensive endfoot contacts to blood vessels. They have been found in rabbit and human retina but also occur elsewhere in the brain. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/perivasc_astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg Perivascular Astrocyte sao1245187339 uncurated sao1245187339 Perivascular Macrophage Perivascular Macrophage sao1299495391 CL:0000644 graph position temporary sao1299495391 C0228088 Wikipedia March 31, 2009 Bergmann astrocyte Bergmann glia radial epithelial cell Core:Definition modified from Wikipedia by MM. According to Reichenbach and Wolberg the Bergmann glia should be considered a type of radial astrocyte but some do not consider this a type of astrocyte Bergmann Glial Cell Type of radial astrocyte in the cerebellar cortex that have their cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and processes that extend into the molecular layer, terminating with bulbous endfeet at the pial surface. Bergmann glia express high densities of glutamate transporters that limit diffusion of the neurotransmitter glutamate during its release from synaptic terminals. Besides their role in early development of the cerebellum, Bergmann glia are also required for the pruning or addition of synapses. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/berg_glia_sw_512x512.jpg Bergmann Glial Cell sao1309473597 uncurated sao1309473597 C0926509 Velate Astrocyte A protoplasmic astrocyte with extremely thin veil-like (vellous) processes. Velate Astrocyte sao131261273 uncurated sao131261273 April 15, 2009 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neuron Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal neuron Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell Hippocampus (CA) pyramidal cell sao1353298471 graph position temporary sao1353298471 C0949376 It is unclear to us whether perineuronal oligodendrocytes should be considered a separate class. Perineuronal Oligodendrocyte Oligodendrocyte found in gray matter in close association with neurons (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Perineuronal Oligodendrocyte sao1355908696 CL:0000184 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1813327414 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_171 sao1355908696 C0598800 Mural Cell Rouget Cell This class has been retired. Pericyte true A flattened, or elongated, stellate-shaped solitary cell with multiple cytoplasmic processes encircling the capillary endothelium and contacting a large abluminal vessel area. It may be equivalent to the vascular smooth muscle cell, although this identify has not been conclusively determined yet (Armulik et al., Circ Res 97: 512, 2005). Pericyte sao1366775348 uncurated sao1366775348 C0229060 April 15, 2009 Ciliary ganglion neuron Ciliary ganglion cell Ciliary ganglion cell sao1394521419 CL:0000127 uncurated sao1394521419 C0004112 Astrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the blood-brain barrier. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with microglia) respond to injury (MSH). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg Astrocyte sao1415726815 uncurated sao1415726815 April 15, 2009 Cerebellar Golgi Cell Cerebellum Golgi Cell 130046 Large neuron found in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex that extends its dendrites into the molecular layer where they receive contact from parallel fibers. The axon of the Golgi cell enters into a complex arrangement witht he mossy fiber terminal-granule cell dendrite in the cerebellar glomerulus. Cerebellum Golgi Cell sao1417703748 CL:0000540 uncurated sao1417703748 C0027882 April 7, 2010 December 4, 2008 nerve cell neuron neuron cell Neuron Neuron sao1438006234 CL:0000717 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1460710779 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_107 sao1438006234 C0026610 fusimotor neuron This class has been retired. Gamma Motor Neuron true Motor neurons which activate the contractile regions of intrafusal muscle fibers, thus adjusting the sensitivity of the muscle spindles to stretch. Gamma motor neurons may be "static" or "dynamic" according to which aspect of responsiveness (or which fiber types) they regulate. The alpha and gamma motor neurons are often activated together (alpha gamma coactivation) which allows the spindles to contribute to the control of movement trajectories despite changes in muscle length (MSH). Gamma Motor Neuron sao1458938856 CL:0000604 uncurated sao1458938856 C0206427 April 15, 2009 Retinal Rod Cell rod cell Retina rod One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the vertebrate retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision. Retina rod sao1460710779 CL:0000100 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_103 sao1460710779 C0026609 UMLS This class has been retired. Motor Neuron true Neurons which activate muscle cells (MSH). Motor Neuron sao1482618768 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_71 sao1482618768 March 19, 2009 This class has been retired. Spherical Bushy Cell true Spherical Bushy Cell sao1492258085 sao1492258085 Ligon et al PNAS 2006, PMID: 16682644 Bipolar Progenitor Cell A type of NG2 positive cell that resemble oligodendrocyte precursors Bipolar Progenitor Cell sao1540081501 uncurated sao1540081501 Capillary Endothelial Cell Capillary Endothelial Cell sao1541570510 uncurated sao1541570510 Choroid Epithelial Cell Cuboidal shaped epithelial cell forming one of the components of the choroid plexus (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Choroid Epithelial Cell sao1543450574 uncurated sao1543450574 This cell class is not contained in the Cell Type Ontology Vascular Endothelial Cell Vascular Endothelial Cell sao1582628662 CL:0000601 uncurated sao1582628662 C0206513 April 15, 2009 Cochlear Outer Hair Cell Cochlea hair cell outer Mechanoreceptor cells in the organ of Corti. In mammals the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows which are further from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. The motile properties of the outer hair cells may contribute actively to tuning the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. (MSH) Cochlea hair cell outer sao1615912903 CL:0000636 graph position temporary sao1615912903 Min-Lin Chang, Ching-Hsiang Wu, Ya-Fen Jiang-Shieh, Jeng-Yung Shieh, Chen-Yuan Wen (2007) Reactive changes of retinal astrocytes and Muller glial cells in kainate-induced neuroexcitotoxicity Journal of Anatomy 210 (1), 54.65. doi:10.1111/protege469-7580.2006.00671.x We classify this differently from the cell type ontology, as a type of radial glia rather than as a type of astrocyte. We need to look at this again. Muller Cell Specialized glial cell of the retina that extends from the inner limiting membrane to the outer limiting membrane Muller Cell sao164665273 CL:0000122 uncurated sao164665273 April 15, 2009 Cortical Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate neuron Neocortex stellate cell Neocortex stellate cell sao1714094301 CL:0000065 graph position temporary sao1714094301 C0228092 We are not sure whether ependymal cells should be considered a type of ependymoglial cell Ependymal Cell A neurectoderm derived cell that lines the neural lumen (Cell Ontology). An epithelial cell lining the walls of the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord that secret cerebral spinal fluid. (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/ependymal_cell_sw_512x512.jpg Ependymal Cell sao1736323572 BF_C000108 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_128 sao1736323572 This class has been retired. Cerebellar Granule Cell true Small excitatory neuron located in the granule cell layer of the cerebellar cortex. The axon of the granule cell ascends into the molecular layer where it bifurcates and runs parallel to the long axis of the folium, contacting Purkinje cell dendrites. This portion of the granule cell axon is known as a parallel fiber. Cerebellar Granule Cell sao1741889714 CL:0000188 uncurated sao1741889714 Skeletal Muscle Cell Skeletal Muscle Cell sao1813327414 CL:0000000 uncurated 0005623 sao1813327414 December 5, 2008 We are restricting ourselves to cells that are in the nervous system or closely associated with nervous system cells, e.g., muscle cells. A more complete ontology of Cell Types is available through OBO. Eventually, we hope to provide our contents to OBO Cell Type. Cell cell The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope (Gene Ontology). Hepatocyte Mauthner cell Neuroblast Neuron Oocyte Stomatal guard cell Cell sao1847837612 uncurated sao1847837612 This needs to be extensively investigated Meninges Cell Cell that comprises the meninges Meninges Cell sao185843373 CL:0000235 uncurated sao185843373 Macrophage A mononuclear phagocyte which differentiates from monocytes, is typically resident in a particular tissue, and capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells (Cell Ontology). Macrophage sao1866881837 uncurated sao1866881837 April 15, 2009 Cholinergic Striatal Neuron Neostriatum cholinergic interneuron Neostriatum giant cell of Kolliker Neostriatum cholinergic cell Large cholinergic interneuron in the caudate nucleus, putamen and nucleus accumbens. Neostriatum cholinergic cell sao1895605722 CL:0000126 uncurated sao1895605722 C0228087 macroglial cell SAO classifies Schwann cells as a type of macroglia; Cell Type Ontology includes only astrocytes and oligodendroglia Macroglial Cell Macroglial Cell sao1919499702 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_84 sao1919499702 March 19, 2009 This class has been retired. Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell true Large cell located in the dorsal root ganglion with a single process that extends into the periphery and into the spinal cord. These neurons convey sensory information from the body. Dorsal Root Ganglion Cell sao1952867392 uncurated sao1952867392 C0205867 Interfascicular Oligodendrocyte White matter oligodendrocytes that may be aligned in rows (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). Interfascicular Oligodendrocyte sao197110912 uncurated sao197110912 C0225336 Vascular Cell Vascular Cell sao2046464388 CL:0000202 uncurated sao2046464388 C0018496 Hair Cell Mechanoreceptors located in the organ of Corti that are sensitive to auditory stimuli and in the vestibular apparatus that are sensitive to movement of the head. In each case the accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system (MSH). Hair Cell sao2046525601 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_130 sao2046525601 This class has been retired. Cerebellar Stellate Cell true Multipolar neuron found in cerebellar molecular layer. Cerebellar Stellate Cell sao2078084673 uncurated sao2078084673 C0228090 Fibrous Astrocyte Astrocytes characterized by high content of intermediate filaments and few vellous processes; often found in white matter. Fibrous Astrocyte sao2128417084 uncurated sao2128417084 April 12, 2010 Cortical Pyramidal Neuron Cortical pyramidal neuron Neocortex pyramidal neuron Neocortical pyramidal cell Neocortical pyramidal neuron Neocortex pyramidal cell 129938 Synonyms added and the label has been changed. Pyramidal neuron of the cerebral cortex (not including hippocampus or olfactory cortex). The pyramidal cell of the neocortex is located in layers 2-3 and 5-6, has a pyramidal-shaped cell body which gives off a number of laterally-directed basal dendrites and usually a single apical dendrite which ascends to branch and terminate in layer 1; these dendrites are covered in dendritic spines. Neocortex pyramidal cell sao226523927 CL:0000287 uncurated sao226523927 April 14, 2010 Retinal photoreceptor Eye Photoreceptor Cell Eye Photoreceptor Cell sao265591209 uncurated sao265591209 NG2 cells are central nervous system (CNS) glial cells defined by their expression of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, NG2, which is also known as Cspg4 or AN2 NG2 Cell NG2 Cell sao313023570 CL:0000125 uncurated sao313023570 C0027836 Cell Type Ontology The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear. June 22, 2009 glia neuroglial cell Glial Cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. (Reichenbach and Wolburg) astrocytes microglia schwann cells Glial Cell sao3593465546 sao3593465546 Ependymoglial Cell A type of nerve cell characterized by bipolar shape and endfeet that contact a basal lamina around blood vessels, and/or the pia mater or vitreous body of the eye and additionally contact the ventricular surface or sub-retinal space. (Reichenbach and Wolburg, 2nd edition, 2005) Ependymoglial Cell sao374942934 uncurated sao374942934 C0228089 GluT Astrocyte Passive Astrocyte Protoplasmic Astrocyte Astrocyte characterized by spongy appearance and many vellous processes; often found in gray matter. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/protoplas_astrocyte_sw_512x512.jpg http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/protoplasmic_astrocyte_ccdb_512x512.jpg Protoplasmic Astrocyte sao383526650 uncurated sao383526650 April 12, 2010 CA3 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell Hippocampus CA3 pyramidal cell sao399295448 uncurated sao399295448 Sub-ependymal Astrocyte Large astrocyte that forms a layer that lies beneath the ependymal layer. Sub-ependymal Astrocyte sao408819766 CL:0000218 uncurated sao408819766 C0036387 Note that the cell type ontology does not consider Schwann Cells to be macroglia Schwann Cell Neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system which form the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons (MSH). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/schwann_cell_sw_512x512.jpg Schwann Cell sao429277527 CL:0000589 uncurated sao429277527 C0018497 UMLS April 15, 2009 Cochlear Inner Hair Cell Cochlea hair cell inner A bulbous cell that is medially placed in one row in the organ of Corti. In contrast to the outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer sensory hairs, and are less differentiated.(MSH) Cochlea hair cell inner sao436474611 uncurated sao436474611 April 15, 2009 Cortical Bipolar Cell Neocortex bipolar neuron Type of VIP containing neuron found in the visiual cortex. Neocortex bipolar neuron sao441624014 CL:0000066 uncurated sao441624014 C0014597 Epithelial Cell Cell that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (epithelium) or masses (MSH). Epithelial Cell sao467424240 uncurated sao467424240 progenitor cell Precursor Cell Precursor Cell sao471801888 CL:0000121 uncurated sao471801888 C0034143 April 15, 2009 December 4, 2008 Cerebellar Purkinje neuron Purkinje Cell Purkinje neuron Purkinje's corpuscles Cerebellum Purkinje cell Large branching neurons of the middle layer of cerebellar cortex, characterized by vast arrays of dendrites; involved in controlling complex movements (CSP). Principal neuron (projection neuron) of the cerebellar cortex; cell bodies arranged in a single layer; characterized by a pear-shaped cell body, 1 (rarely 2) primary dendrites and an elaborate dendritic tree heavily invested with dendritic spines. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/purkinje_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg Cerebellum Purkinje cell sao515196263 core:definition incomplete sao515196263 Type III IV Oligodendrocyte Type III/IV Oligodendrocyte Interfascicular oligodendrocyte which can support myelin volumes of approximately 30,000 cubic microns (up to 150,000 cubic microns) and is associated with large diameter axons. Type III IV Oligodendrocyte sao519252327 CL:0000187 uncurated sao519252327 C0596981 myocyte Muscle Cell Mature contractile cells, commonly known as myocytes, that form one of three kinds of muscle. The three types of muscle cells are skeletal (muscle fibers), cardiac (myocytes, cardiac), and smooth (myocytes, smooth muscle). They are derived from embryonic (precursor) muscle cells called myoblasts (MSH). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/muscle_cell_sw_512x512.jpg Muscle Cell sao538050329 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_70 sao538050329 March 19, 2009 This class has been retired. Globular Bushy Cell true Globular Bushy Cell sao621772985 CL:0000681 uncurated sao621772985 C0815005 March 3, 2011 radial glia radial glial cell Radial Glial Cell 139568 A transient cell present only in the developing CNS. Functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration (Cell Ontology). Radial Glial Cell sao6261208102 graph position temporary sao6261208102 Radial Astrocyte A type of astrocyte with a radial orientation commonly found in spinal cord and brain of lower vertebrates and sometimes in the optic nerve of mammals. One process abuts the pial surface and the other extends through significant thicknesses of neural tissue. (Reichenbach and Wolberg) Radial Astrocyte sao630986029 uncurated sao630986029 sao647178911 uncurated sao647178911 Beta Tanycyte Beta Tanycyte sao658938043 CL:0000746 uncurated sao658938043 C0225828 cardiac myocyte Cardiac Muscle Cell Striated muscle cells found in the heart. They are derived from cardiac myoblasts (myoblasts, cardiac (MSH). Cardiac Muscle Cell sao666951243 uncurated sao666951243 NIF SenseLab May 12, 2011 Cerebellar basket cell Cerebellum basket cell 146517 Intrinsic cell residing in the inner third of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. Axons extend laterally, transverse to the folium, and densely innervate the somata of Purkinje neurons. Axon collaterals of the basket cell axon form the specialized terminal plexus, the "pinceau", around the Purkinje cell axon initial segment. Llinas, Walton and Lang. In: The Synaptic Organization of the Brain. 5th ed. 2004. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/basket_cell_ccdb_512x512.jpg Cerebellum basket cell sao676858164 CL:0000192 uncurated sao676858164 C1135918 UMLS non-striated muscle cell Smooth Muscle Cell Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (myoblasts, smooth muscle) (MSH). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/smooth_muscle_cell_sw_512x512.jpg Smooth Muscle Cell sao68203136 BF_C000100 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_141 sao68203136 Medium Spiny Neuron This class has been retired Medium Spiny Cell true http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/med_spiny_neuron_ccdb_512x512.jpg Medium Spiny Cell sao709770772 CL:0000609 uncurated sao709770772 C0206511 UMLS April 15, 2009 Vestibular hair cell A mechanoreceptor cell located in the acoustic maculae and the semicircular canals that mediates the sense of balance, movement, and head position. The vestibular hair cells are connected to accessory structures in such a way that movements of the head displace their stereocilia. This influences the membrane potential of the cells which relay information about movements via the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve to the brain stem. Vestibular hair cell sao770302354 uncurated sao770302354 April 15, 2009 Cortical Smooth Stellate Cell Neocortex stellate smooth cell A non-pyramidal neuron class found primarily in layer IV of mammalian neocortex characterized by relatively smooth dendrites (While and Rock, 1980). Neocortex stellate smooth cell sao783352775 uncurated sao783352775 Pial Cell Pial Cell sao786552500 uncurated sao786552500 C0228073 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betz_cell March 31, 2009 Betz Cell A type of pyramidal cell neuron, the soma of which is located within the fifth layer of the grey matter in the primary motor cortex. They are named after Vladimir Alekseyevich Betz, who described them in his work published in 1874.[1] These neurons are the largest in the central nervous system, sometimes reaching 100 μm in diameter.[2][3] Betz cells send their axons down to the spinal cord where in humans they synapse directly with anterior horn cells, which in turn synapse directly with their target muscles. While Betz cells have one apical dendrite typical to pyramidal neurons, they have more primary dendritic shafts, and these do not leave the soma only at basal angles but rather branch out from almost any point asymmetrically.[4] These perisomatic and basal dendrites project into all cortical layers, but most of their horizontal arbors populate layers V and VI, some reaching down into the white matter.[5] According to one study, Betz cells represent about 10% of the total pyramidal cell population in layer Vb of the human primary motor cortex. (Adapted from Wikipedia) Betz Cell sao789292116 CL:0000129 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1813327414 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_170 sao789292116 C0206116 Cell Ontology microglia This class has been deleted. Microglial Cell true A small, migratory, phagocytic, interstitial cell of hematopoietic origin found in the central nervous system. Microglial cells are of various forms and may have slender branched processes. http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/microglia2_sw_512x512.jpg Microglial Cell sao792373294 uncurated sao792373294 Satellite Cell Schwann cell that apposes or encapsulates neuronal perikarya (Peters, Palay and Webster, 1991). http://ccdb.ucsd.edu/SAO/images/satellite_cell_sw_512x512.jpg Satellite Cell sao816233655 uncurated sao816233655 April 15, 2009 Layer 2 3 Pyramidal Neuron Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 2/3 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2/3 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 2/3 sao82362520 CL:0000737 uncurated sao82362520 Striated Muscle Cell Striated Muscle Cell sao830368389 uncurated sao830368389 August 20, 2009 CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal neuron Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell Pyramidal neuron with a soma located in hippocampal area CA1. Hippocampus CA1 pyramidal cell sao840814183 uncurated sao840814183 April 15, 2009 Layer 5 Pyramidal Neuron Neocortex pyramidal neuron layer 5 Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5 Pyramidal neuron whose cell soma resides in layer 5 or whose connectivity patterns resemble layer 5 neurons. Neocortex pyramidal cell layer 5 sao844118448 CL:0000128 uncurated sao844118448 C0028944 oligodendroglia Oligodendrocyte A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as satellite cells, perineuronal of ganglia) according to their location. They form the insulating myelin sheath of axons in the central nervous system (MSH). Oligodendrocyte sao862606388 CL:0000598 uncurated sao862606388 C0206441 UMLS December 9, 2008 Pyramidal neuron Pyramidal cell Definition modified and a synonym added Projection neuron in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation and some other brain regions. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region (MSH). Pyramidal Cell sao910084726 uncurated http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#sao1417703748 http://ontology.neuinfo.org/NIF/BiomaterialEntities/NIF-Cell.owl#nifext_59 sao910084726 This class has been retired. Double Bouquet Cell true Type of inhibitory cortical interneuron that provides inhibitory innervation of pyramidal neurons. Most commonly described in primates; may be absent in rodent (DeFelipe et al., 2001). Double Bouquet Cell sao938060309 uncurated sao938060309 C1113654 Nerve stem cell Neural Stem Cell Embryonic cell that develops into a neuron (CSP). Neural Stem Cell sao971374186 uncurated sao971374186 Alpha Tanycyte Alpha Tanycyte NIF-GrossAnatomy:birnlex_1126 true snap:MaterialEntity Ontology1272057115:nlx_cell_1006007 June 4, 2010 Millhouse J. Comp. Neurol 265:1-24, 1987 Island of Calleja spiny granule neuron Olfactory tubercle islets of Calleja spiny granule neuron Granule cell found in the granule cell clusters (Islands of Calleja) in the olfactory tubercle characterized by a high density of dendritic spines (Millhouse, 1987) v.1.10 - July 17, 2013 NIF-Cell: contains cell types from SAO-Cell and NIF-Cell v.1.10 - July 17, 2013 v.1.1 (February, 2009) - * Duplicate classes from SAO (sao_ and nifext_ prefixed IDs) has been eliminated as identified in the NeuroLex wiki. While retiring the duplicate classes, kept the ones with most detailed annotations or merged the annotation (synonyms, definitions etc) into the ones that had more/better information regardless of their IDs with sao or nifext prefixes. * Not all sao prefixed IDs are out of date or replaced by nifext. v.1.2 (April 5, 2009) - New classes have been added from NeuroLex wiki since the 1.0 release (Class ID: nlx_cell_20081201 to 20090403). v.1.3 (April 20, 2009) - The labels for the Neuron names were changed into standardized ones as proposed by Gordon Shephard as part of the cell working group * The classes are with modifiedDate: April 15, 2009 * Older labels were kept as one of the synonyms for those classes with the new labels. v.1.5 (June 10, 2010) - Added new classes from BAMS. v.1.7 (May 2, 2012) - Added contributions from NeuroLex cell categories. v.1.9 (December 2, 2012) - Added minor contributions from NeuroLex. v.1.10 (July 17, 2013) - Replaced old PURLs with new ones.